@vessel-dsp/compiler 0.0.0-stage → 0.3.0

package/dist/lower.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1855 @@
+// Stage 5: turn each region into a block of stamps.
+//
+// A stamp is a *symbolic* contribution to the MNA system, not a number. Two things
+// are deliberately left unevaluated here, and both are decisions rather than
+// convenience:
+//
+//   - **Sample rate.** A capacitor's companion conductance is 2C/dt, which needs a
+//     rate. The rate is a runtime input (decision 3), so the stamp carries C and the
+//     runtime computes the conductance. There is no sample rate anywhere in this
+//     file, no default, and no fallback.
+//   - **Control position.** A pot's conductance depends on its 0..1 position through
+//     its taper (decision 2), so the stamp carries the track resistance and the taper
+//     and the runtime evaluates them. Moving a knob re-evaluates coefficients; it
+//     never re-lowers.
+//
+// The result is that one lowered program is valid at every sample rate and every knob
+// position, which is what makes rate independence testable: compile once, run at two
+// rates, and the outputs must match.
+import { SWITCH_ON_OHMS } from "./device-laws.js";
+import { findBistableLatches, findLatchSeeds, } from "./latch-seed.js";
+import { computeSparseSchedule } from "./sparse-schedule.js";
+import { computeStampPartition, remapStampNodes, shouldEliminate, stampControl, stampNeedsNewton, } from "./stamp-partition.js";
+export { stampNeedsNewton } from "./stamp-partition.js";
+import { GROUND } from "./types.js";
+import { foldToken } from "./registry.js";
+import { LoweringError } from "./errors.js";
+import { nodeOccurrenceCounts, selectorTapNodes, transformerWindings, } from "./transformer.js";
+import { opampInvertingInputNodes, opampInputDistances, opampOutputAcDistances, opampOutputDistances, potTerminals, quietDistances, } from "./pot-orientation.js";
+export { opampInvertingInputNodes, opampInputDistances, opampOutputAcDistances, opampOutputDistances, potTerminals, quietDistances, } from "./pot-orientation.js";
+export { LoweringError } from "./errors.js";
+export { stampControl } from "./stamp-partition.js";
+export function lowerRegion(region, lawed, inputNode, outputNode, 
+/**
+ * Computed once by `lower` rather than per region: the rule is a pairwise scan over
+ * transistors, and `boss-ds-1` lowers 82 regions from one netlist.
+ */
+latchSeeds = [], latches = [], 
+/**
+ * Computed once by `lower`, for the same reason `latchSeeds` is: the graph a pot's
+ * orientation reads (`quietDistances`) does not change between `boss-ds-1`'s 82 regions
+ * either. Empty by default so a direct call site not passing one gets today's
+ * declaration-order behaviour for every pot -- never a wrong answer, only an unresolved one.
+ */
+quietDistance = new Map(), 
+/**
+ * The narrower, scoped fallback `potTerminals` only consults when `quietDistance` leaves a
+ * pot fully unreachable -- see `opampInputDistances`. Empty by default for the same reason
+ * `quietDistance` is: an unresolved pot, never a wrong one.
+ */
+opampInputDistance = new Map(), 
+/**
+ * Companion of `opampInputDistance` for the negative-feedback gain-stage tie in
+ * `potTerminals`: a pot that the input-distance evidence cannot break reads which end
+ * sits on an op-amp's declared output instead. Empty by default for the same reason.
+ */
+opampOutputDistance = new Map(), 
+/**
+ * Nodes that are a declared op-amp inverting input, and the AC (DC + capacitors) distance to
+ * an op-amp's declared output: the two signals `potTerminals` reads for the one finite-tie
+ * shape the DC maps cannot break -- a non-inverting gain pot whose wiper sits on the
+ * inverting input. Empty by default for the same reason as the other maps.
+ */
+invertingInputNodes = new Set(), acOutputDistance = new Map()) {
+    if (region.kind === "macro") {
+        const macro = region.macro;
+        if (macro === null) {
+            throw new Error(`region ${region.id} is macro but carries no model`);
+        }
+        // Placeholders: `couple.ts` runs after every region has been lowered and needs to see
+        // every block to wire a macro's audio/parameter ports across them, so it cannot happen
+        // here where only this one region is in view.
+        return {
+            kind: "macro",
+            id: region.id,
+            modelId: macro.modelId,
+            parameters: macro.parameters,
+            audioIn: null,
+            audioOut: false,
+            parameter: null,
+            modulation: null,
+            // The open-OX2 port and law ride only when recognised: emitting
+            // null keys here would churn every macro block's program bytes
+            // without changing any of them, and the ce-5/micro-flanger
+            // bit-identical gate names those programs byte for byte.
+            ...(macro.clockLawParams !== undefined && macro.clockLawParams !== null
+                ? { clockLawParams: macro.clockLawParams }
+                : {}),
+            clockControl: macro.clockControl ?? null,
+            delayProvenance: macro.delayProvenance ?? null,
+            delayDeclaredReason: macro.delayDeclaredReason ?? null,
+            // A declared composition rides the macro road as far as composition; `couple.ts`
+            // fills `selector` the same way it fills `parameter`, from the terminal index.
+            declaredPositions: macro.declaredPositions ?? null,
+            declaredRouter: macro.declaredRouter ?? null,
+            declaredParameter: macro.declaredParameter ?? null,
+            router: null,
+        };
+    }
+    const deviceById = new Map(lawed.netlist.devices.map((device) => [device.id, device]));
+    const resolutionByDevice = new Map(lawed.resolutions.map((resolution) => [resolution.device, resolution]));
+    // Only consulted by a transformer whose own terminal grouping turns up a lone,
+    // unpaired end -- see `transformerWindings`. Computed once per region against the
+    // whole netlist, not just this region, because the question is "does anything else in
+    // the document touch this node", not "does anything in this region".
+    const terminalOccurrences = nodeOccurrenceCounts(lawed.netlist.devices);
+    const selectorTaps = selectorTapNodes(lawed.netlist.devices);
+    const stamps = [];
+    const extraNodes = [];
+    /**
+     * A private node no pin of the source document reaches -- a device-internal midpoint.
+     *
+     * Counted off `extraNodes.length` rather than off `stamps.length`: two devices that each
+     * need an internal node are only guaranteed distinct numbers if the counter advances once
+     * per node handed out. Keying off the stamp count instead means a device that emits
+     * several stamps per internal node and one that emits one can be handed the same number,
+     * which silently shorts two device internals together.
+     */
+    const allocateInternalNode = () => {
+        const highest = Math.max(...lawed.netlist.nodes);
+        const node = (highest + 1 + extraNodes.length);
+        extraNodes.push(node);
+        return node;
+    };
+    /** Node spans already held at a potential, so one supply is not stamped twice. */
+    const drivenNodes = new Map();
+    let stateCount = 0;
+    let auxCount = 0;
+    for (const deviceId of region.devices) {
+        const device = deviceById.get(deviceId);
+        const resolution = resolutionByDevice.get(deviceId);
+        if (device === undefined ||
+            resolution === undefined ||
+            resolution.outcome !== "law") {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const law = resolution.law;
+        // A supply is stated two ways: a battery names both ends, a rail names one node
+        // and means "against ground". Everything else genuinely needs two terminals.
+        const [a, b] = law.kind === "voltage-source" && device.nodes.length === 1
+            ? [device.nodes[0], GROUND]
+            : terminalPair(device);
+        switch (law.kind) {
+            case "conductance":
+                stamps.push({ kind: "conductance", a, b, siemens: law.siemens });
+                break;
+            case "controlled-conductance": {
+                // A pot has three terminals: one end, wiper, other end. Each half of the
+                // track becomes its own controlled element so the wiper node is real.
+                const [end1, wiper, end2] = potTerminals(device, quietDistance, opampInputDistance, opampOutputDistance, 
+                // The declared role of the control this pot answers to. `potTerminals`
+                // reads it for one narrow case -- a rheostat whose control names a time
+                // constant -- and ignores it otherwise.
+                lawed.netlist.controls.find((control) => control.id === law.control)?.role ?? null, invertingInputNodes, acOutputDistance);
+                // Both halves carry the same residual: it is a property of the wiper's
+                // travel, so each end of the track keeps one.
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "controlled-conductance",
+                    a: end1,
+                    b: wiper,
+                    control: law.control,
+                    taper: law.taper,
+                    totalOhms: law.totalOhms,
+                    side: "upper",
+                    residualOhms: law.residualOhms,
+                });
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "controlled-conductance",
+                    a: wiper,
+                    b: end2,
+                    control: law.control,
+                    taper: law.taper,
+                    totalOhms: law.totalOhms,
+                    side: "lower",
+                    residualOhms: law.residualOhms,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+            case "controlled-resistance": {
+                // Two terminals, one element. Unlike a pot there is no wiper node to
+                // create, so this is the plain two-terminal pair.
+                const [end1, end2] = terminalPair(device);
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "controlled-resistance",
+                    a: end1,
+                    b: end2,
+                    control: law.control,
+                    taper: law.taper,
+                    minOhms: law.minOhms,
+                    maxOhms: law.maxOhms,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+            case "switch":
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "switch",
+                    a,
+                    b,
+                    control: law.control,
+                    onOhms: law.onOhms,
+                    offOhms: law.offOhms,
+                });
+                break;
+            case "selector": {
+                // Every throw of every pole is stamped, and the control decides which
+                // conducts. One document still yields one program: a selector adds
+                // elements, never a second netlist per position.
+                const poles = switchPoles(device);
+                const throwCount = Math.max(...poles.map((pole) => pole.throws.length));
+                for (const pole of poles) {
+                    pole.throws.forEach((throwNode, throwIndex) => {
+                        stamps.push({
+                            kind: "selector",
+                            common: pole.common,
+                            throwNode,
+                            control: law.control,
+                            throwIndex,
+                            throwCount,
+                            onOhms: law.onOhms,
+                            offOhms: law.offOhms,
+                        });
+                    });
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case "fixed-selector": {
+                // Row 12: a momentary footswitch contact rests OPEN. A null-control
+                // switch with more than two terminals that touches a detected latch's
+                // collector/base set is the footswitch driving that latch: welding it
+                // shut (position ?? 1) drags the bypassed collector below gate
+                // threshold and the switch dies (boss-ph-1r measured: bypassed
+                // collector pinned at 0.82 V against a ~9 V pull-up by the 0.01 ohm
+                // common-to-throw2 weld, downstream gates never switch, audio
+                // bit-identical both positions). Emit no element; the latch state
+                // (exposed control + steering stamps) carries selection. Two-terminal
+                // null-control switches (boss-bd-2, boss-ds-1) and switches outside
+                // latch sets (boss-dm-3) never reach this branch.
+                const latchNodes = new Set();
+                for (const latch of latches) {
+                    latchNodes.add(latch.engagedCollector);
+                    latchNodes.add(latch.bypassedCollector);
+                    latchNodes.add(latch.engagedBase);
+                    latchNodes.add(latch.bypassedBase);
+                }
+                if (device.nodes.length > 2 &&
+                    device.nodes.some((node) => latchNodes.has(node))) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                const poles = switchPoles(device);
+                const throwCount = Math.max(...poles.map((pole) => pole.throws.length));
+                const selected = Math.min(throwCount - 1, Math.max(0, Math.floor(law.position * throwCount)));
+                for (const pole of poles) {
+                    pole.throws.forEach((throwNode, throwIndex) => {
+                        const ohms = throwIndex === selected ? law.onOhms : law.offOhms;
+                        stamps.push({
+                            kind: "conductance",
+                            a: pole.common,
+                            b: throwNode,
+                            siemens: 1 / ohms,
+                        });
+                    });
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            // `stateIndex` is a slot offset, and a reactive element occupies two slots.
+            // Counting one per element while the executor addressed `stateIndex * 2` made
+            // the program understate its own state by half: harmless against a JS array,
+            // which grows on write, and silent data loss against the
+            // `Float64Array(stateCount)` any C++/WASM/ESP32 implementer would allocate.
+            case "capacitance":
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "capacitor",
+                    a,
+                    b,
+                    farads: law.farads,
+                    stateIndex: stateCount,
+                });
+                stateCount += STATE_SLOTS_PER_REACTIVE_ELEMENT;
+                // Declared DC leakage lowers as a second stamp, a plain conductance in
+                // parallel, rather than a new field on the capacitor stamp: both consoles
+                // already implement `conductance`, so a leaky capacitor is audible on the
+                // TS and C++/WASM engines without either runtime changing.
+                if (law.leakageSiemens > 0) {
+                    stamps.push({
+                        kind: "conductance",
+                        a,
+                        b,
+                        siemens: law.leakageSiemens,
+                    });
+                }
+                break;
+            case "inductance":
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "inductor",
+                    a,
+                    b,
+                    henries: law.henries,
+                    stateIndex: stateCount,
+                    // `"unknown"` is a statement, not a value: it carries no resistance into the
+                    // stamp but is a different claim from silence, and the law records which.
+                    ...(typeof law.seriesResistanceOhms === "number"
+                        ? { seriesResistanceOhms: law.seriesResistanceOhms }
+                        : {}),
+                });
+                stateCount += STATE_SLOTS_PER_REACTIVE_ELEMENT;
+                break;
+            case "diode": {
+                // By role, not by order: 11 corpus diodes are declared cathode-first, and
+                // a reversed diode still conducts, so a clipper looks fine while a
+                // rectifier or a protection diode is backwards.
+                //
+                // **And one component can be several junctions.** A bridge rectifier is four,
+                // a dual rectifier two; taking one pair silently dropped the rest. See
+                // `diodeJunctions`.
+                for (const junction of diodeJunctions(device)) {
+                    stamps.push({
+                        kind: "diode",
+                        anode: junction.anode,
+                        cathode: junction.cathode,
+                        saturationCurrent: law.saturationCurrent,
+                        emissionCoefficient: law.emissionCoefficient,
+                        thermalVoltage: law.thermalVoltage,
+                        breakdownVolts: law.breakdownVolts,
+                        seriesResistance: law.seriesResistance,
+                        device: device.id,
+                        isLed: law.isLed,
+                    });
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case "bjt": {
+                const [base, collector, emitter] = bjtTerminals(device);
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "bjt",
+                    base,
+                    collector,
+                    emitter,
+                    polarity: law.polarity,
+                    leakageAmps: law.leakageAmps,
+                    saturationCurrent: law.saturationCurrent,
+                    forwardBeta: law.forwardBeta,
+                    reverseBeta: law.reverseBeta,
+                    thermalVoltage: law.thermalVoltage,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+            case "triode": {
+                // A tube's terminal names are its own vocabulary -- grid, cathode, plate,
+                // and `anode` for the plate -- so it cannot borrow `bjtTerminals`, whose
+                // closed sets are base/collector/emitter and gate/drain/source. Getting the
+                // plate and cathode the wrong way round would invert the stage and still
+                // render, which is the class of error this stage exists to prevent.
+                const [grid, cathode, plate] = triodeTerminals(device);
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "triode",
+                    grid,
+                    cathode,
+                    plate,
+                    mu: law.mu,
+                    kg1: law.kg1,
+                    kp: law.kp,
+                    kvb: law.kvb,
+                    ex: law.ex,
+                    gridSaturationCurrent: law.gridSaturationCurrent,
+                    gridOnsetVolts: law.gridOnsetVolts,
+                    gridScaleVolts: law.gridScaleVolts,
+                    contactPotentialVolts: law.contactPotentialVolts,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+            case "pentode": {
+                const [grid, cathode, plate, screen] = pentodeTerminals(device);
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "pentode",
+                    grid,
+                    cathode,
+                    plate,
+                    screen,
+                    mu: law.mu,
+                    kg1: law.kg1,
+                    kp: law.kp,
+                    kvb: law.kvb,
+                    ex: law.ex,
+                    gridSaturationCurrent: law.gridSaturationCurrent,
+                    gridOnsetVolts: law.gridOnsetVolts,
+                    gridScaleVolts: law.gridScaleVolts,
+                    contactPotentialVolts: law.contactPotentialVolts,
+                    screenShare: law.screenShare ?? 0,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+            case "tube-diode": {
+                // One stamp per plate, all sharing the cathode.
+                //
+                // Every tube diode in the amp corpus is a **dual**: `plate_a`, `plate_b` and one
+                // `cathode_filament`. Two plates in one envelope over a common cathode are two
+                // independent conduction paths -- there is no interaction to model, because a
+                // directly heated cathode emits toward whichever plate is positive -- so this needs
+                // no operator of its own, exactly as an N-winding transformer needed none.
+                //
+                // Taking the first plate and dropping the second would be the pentode's ganged
+                // case: half a device that still renders. In a centre-tapped supply, which is what
+                // all three instances are wired into, that is a **full-wave rectifier reduced to
+                // half-wave** -- the same defect the transformer's positional reading produced on
+                // `tycobrahe-octavia`, here doubling the ripple and halving the available current.
+                for (const plate of tubeDiodePlates(device)) {
+                    stamps.push({
+                        kind: "tube-diode",
+                        plate: plate.plate,
+                        cathode: plate.cathode,
+                        perveance: law.perveance,
+                        exponent: law.exponent,
+                    });
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case "fet": {
+                const [gate, drain, source] = bjtTerminals(device);
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "fet",
+                    gate,
+                    drain,
+                    source,
+                    channel: law.channel,
+                    thresholdVolts: law.thresholdVolts,
+                    transconductance: law.transconductance,
+                    channelLengthModulation: law.channelLengthModulation,
+                    subthresholdVolts: law.subthresholdVolts,
+                    gateSaturationCurrent: law.gateSaturationCurrent,
+                    gateOnsetVolts: law.gateOnsetVolts,
+                    gateScaleVolts: law.gateScaleVolts,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+            case "transformer": {
+                // One stamp per secondary winding.
+                //
+                // A **coupled** winding is one stamp against the shared primary. An N-winding
+                // ideal transformer *is* (N-1) two-winding ones on a shared primary, so this
+                // needs no new operator. Each winding sees the same flux, so `V_k / n_k` is
+                // equal across all of them, and ampere-turns balance `sum(N_k * I_k) = 0` falls
+                // out: a secondary reflecting `-n_k * i_k` into the primary pair means the
+                // primary carries `sum(i_k)`, and substituting gives
+                // `N_1 * sum(i_k) - sum(N_1 * i_k) = 0`. Exactly the N-winding constraint.
+                //
+                // A **driven** winding is one `ac-source` at the winding's own stated RMS, with
+                // no primary modelled at all -- see `transformerWindings` for when and why.
+                for (const winding of transformerWindings(device, law, terminalOccurrences, selectorTaps)) {
+                    stamps.push(winding.kind === "coupled"
+                        ? {
+                            kind: "transformer",
+                            primaryPlus: winding.primaryPlus,
+                            primaryMinus: winding.primaryMinus,
+                            secondaryPlus: winding.plus,
+                            secondaryMinus: winding.minus,
+                            turnsRatio: winding.turnsRatio,
+                            sourceIndex: auxCount,
+                            // **The declared value IS the primary-referred loop resistance**,
+                            // used as stated. An earlier version read it as each winding's
+                            // own resistance and formed `R * (1 + n^2)`, which for the
+                            // 2k:4 output transformer turned a declared 50 Ω into 25 kΩ --
+                            // **12.5x the primary impedance**, a near-open circuit rather
+                            // than damping. That is wrong because a real transformer's
+                            // secondary is about `R_p / n^2`, not equal to `R_p`, so the
+                            // referred total is of order `2 * R_p` and never `n^2 * R_p`.
+                            // One number, referred to the primary, is also the only thing
+                            // a single property can honestly mean.
+                            //
+                            // `unknown` carries no value, which is a different claim from
+                            // silence but the same stamp.
+                            ...(typeof law.seriesResistanceOhms === "number"
+                                ? { seriesResistanceOhms: law.seriesResistanceOhms }
+                                : {}),
+                        }
+                        : {
+                            kind: "ac-source",
+                            positive: winding.plus,
+                            negative: winding.minus,
+                            amplitudeVolts: winding.amplitudeVolts,
+                            frequencyHz: winding.frequencyHz,
+                            sourceIndex: auxCount,
+                            sourceOhms: winding.sourceOhms,
+                        });
+                    auxCount += 1;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case "spring-reverb": {
+                // A tank's two coils come from its **declared** windings, never from terminal
+                // order: swapping a pair's ends inverts that port, and swapping the pairs sends
+                // the recovery amp's signal into the drive coil instead of taking it from the
+                // pickup. Order would decide both silently, so a missing declaration is a refusal.
+                //
+                // `drive`/`pickup` rather than `primary`/`secondary` because neither coil
+                // transforms the other's voltage -- the springs are between them. This replaced a
+                // four-spelling name set (`inputhot`/`inputreturn`/`outputhot`/`outputreturn`),
+                // which was the last terminal-name vocabulary in this file.
+                const coils = new Map();
+                for (const winding of device.identity.declaredWindings ?? []) {
+                    const nodes = winding.terminalIndices.flatMap((index) => {
+                        const node = device.nodes[index];
+                        return node === undefined ? [] : [node];
+                    });
+                    if (nodes.length === 2 && !coils.has(winding.role)) {
+                        coils.set(winding.role, nodes);
+                    }
+                }
+                const drive = coils.get("drive");
+                const pickup = coils.get("pickup");
+                if (drive === undefined || pickup === undefined) {
+                    throw new LoweringError(`spring reverb tank ${device.id}: needs a two-terminal "drive" winding and a ` +
+                        'two-terminal "pickup" winding declared, and which coil is which decides ' +
+                        "whether the signal goes into the springs or comes out of them; saw " +
+                        `[${(device.identity.declaredWindings ?? []).map((winding) => winding.role).join(", ")}]`, device.id);
+                }
+                const [inputPlus, inputMinus] = drive;
+                const [outputPlus, outputMinus] = pickup;
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "spring-reverb",
+                    inputPlus,
+                    inputMinus,
+                    outputPlus,
+                    outputMinus,
+                    inputOhms: law.inputOhms,
+                    outputOhms: law.outputOhms,
+                    delaySeconds: law.delaySeconds,
+                    decaySeconds: law.decaySeconds,
+                    dispersionStages: law.dispersionStages,
+                    sourceIndex: auxCount,
+                });
+                auxCount += 1;
+                break;
+            }
+            case "voltage-source": {
+                // One node, one assertion. A packet may state the same supply twice --
+                // `boss-sd-1` declares a 9 V rail and a 9 V battery on the same node --
+                // and two ideal sources in parallel are two matrix rows asserting one
+                // constraint, which is rank-deficient and solves to nothing. Stamping it
+                // once is exactly equivalent.
+                const [positive, negative] = supplyTerminals(device);
+                // The span is order-normalised and the voltage is oriented onto it, so a
+                // twin declared the other way round is recognised as the *contradiction*
+                // it is rather than stamped beside the first as a second row. Keying on
+                // `positive:negative` made a reversed duplicate look like a different
+                // supply, which is two rows asserting opposite signs across one pair.
+                const low = Math.min(positive, negative);
+                const high = Math.max(positive, negative);
+                const span = `${low}:${high}`;
+                const oriented = positive === low ? law.volts : -law.volts;
+                const existing = drivenNodes.get(span);
+                if (existing !== undefined) {
+                    if (existing !== oriented) {
+                        throw new LoweringError(`nodes ${low} and ${high} are driven to both ${existing} V and ${oriented} V`, device.id);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                drivenNodes.set(span, oriented);
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "dc-source",
+                    positive,
+                    negative,
+                    volts: law.volts,
+                    sourceIndex: auxCount,
+                    sourceOhms: law.sourceOhms,
+                });
+                auxCount += 1;
+                break;
+            }
+            case "ac-source": {
+                // The same two ends a DC supply has, read by the same roles -- `hot`/`neutral` and
+                // `line`/`neutral` are the mains pairs the amp packets declare, and a reversed
+                // sine is a sine, so orientation matters far less here than for a rail. It is read
+                // anyway rather than positionally, because the phase relationship between two
+                // windings of one transformer is not a free choice.
+                //
+                // **No twin collapsing.** A DC supply gets one, because packets state the same rail
+                // twice and two ideal sources across one span are two rows asserting one
+                // constraint. Nothing in either corpus declares a duplicate AC source, so
+                // deduplicating one here would be a rule against unexercised data; the
+                // `node-driven-by-two-sources` warning covers the case if it ever arrives.
+                const [positive, negative] = supplyTerminals(device);
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "ac-source",
+                    positive,
+                    negative,
+                    amplitudeVolts: law.amplitudeVolts,
+                    frequencyHz: law.frequencyHz,
+                    sourceIndex: auxCount,
+                    sourceOhms: law.sourceOhms,
+                });
+                auxCount += 1;
+                break;
+            }
+            case "ideal-opamp": {
+                const [plus, minus, output] = opampTerminals(device);
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "ideal-opamp",
+                    plus,
+                    minus,
+                    output,
+                    sourceIndex: auxCount,
+                    railHigh: law.railHigh,
+                    railLow: law.railLow,
+                    openLoopGain: law.openLoopGain,
+                });
+                auxCount += 1;
+                break;
+            }
+            case "ota": {
+                // Absent `terminalIndices` means the terminals arrived already in law order,
+                // which is what a registry `sections` entry produces. Present means they were
+                // bound by the names the device declared; see `otaTerminalBinding`.
+                const indices = law.terminalIndices;
+                const positive = device.nodes[indices?.plus ?? 0];
+                const negative = device.nodes[indices?.minus ?? 1];
+                const output = device.nodes[indices?.output ?? 2];
+                // `bias: null` says the device declares no amplifier-bias terminal, so this is
+                // a linear OTA. Only the positional reading may fall through to position 3.
+                const bias = indices === undefined
+                    ? device.nodes[3]
+                    : indices.bias === null
+                        ? undefined
+                        : device.nodes[indices.bias];
+                if (positive === undefined ||
+                    negative === undefined ||
+                    output === undefined) {
+                    throw new LoweringError(`ota ${device.id} requires positive, negative, and output terminals`, device.id);
+                }
+                if (bias !== undefined) {
+                    // 4-terminal active non-linear OTA
+                    const vee = law.veeIndex !== undefined &&
+                        device.nodes[law.veeIndex] !== undefined
+                        ? device.nodes[law.veeIndex]
+                        : 0;
+                    stamps.push({
+                        kind: "ota",
+                        plus: positive,
+                        minus: negative,
+                        bias,
+                        output,
+                        vee,
+                        saturationCurrent: law.saturationCurrent ?? 1e-12, // Physical Silicon diode default
+                        thermalVoltage: law.thermalVoltage ?? 0.025852, // Standard thermal voltage
+                    });
+                }
+                else {
+                    // 3-terminal static linear OTA fallback.
+                    //
+                    // **The inputs are crossed on purpose, and that is a bug fix.** The `vccs`
+                    // stamp's convention is that current *leaves* `outP` at
+                    // `gm * (v(inP) - v(inN))`, so binding `inP: positive` made this fallback
+                    // **inverting** while the four-terminal `ota` stamp above injects its current
+                    // and is **non-inverting**. The same catalog part therefore inverted or did
+                    // not depending only on how many terminals its entry mapped -- three of the
+                    // shipped OTA entries map three, five map five -- which split nine corpus
+                    // packets across two opposite polarities.
+                    //
+                    // Non-inverting is the correct one. the part catalog's own
+                    // cited reading of the CA3080/CA3094 datasheet records that with the output
+                    // taken at terminal 6 the datasheet's output-mode table makes pin 3 the
+                    // non-inverting input, and the entry's role groups are that reading. An OTA
+                    // sourcing current into a load resistor raises its output as `v(+)` rises.
+                    //
+                    // Crossed here rather than negating `transconductance`, so the law's value
+                    // stays positive and matches the catalog wherever it is printed.
+                    stamps.push({
+                        kind: "vccs",
+                        outP: output,
+                        outN: 0,
+                        inP: negative,
+                        inN: positive,
+                        transconductance: law.transconductance,
+                    });
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case "linear-vca": {
+                // Positional terminals only (sections path): [plus, minus, output,
+                // control]. The control pin is voltage-sense: no conductance is
+                // stamped on it, so a high-impedance depth network drives it
+                // without sagging (contrast the `ota` bias diode). The input pin
+                // is a current input at about the minus potential; the input
+                // conductance below is both its impedance and the I = V*G that
+                // the gain multiplies.
+                const plus = device.nodes[0];
+                const minus = device.nodes[1];
+                const output = device.nodes[2];
+                const control = device.nodes[3];
+                if (plus === undefined ||
+                    minus === undefined ||
+                    output === undefined ||
+                    control === undefined) {
+                    throw new LoweringError(`linear-vca ${device.id} requires plus, minus, output, and control terminals`, device.id);
+                }
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "conductance",
+                    a: plus,
+                    b: minus,
+                    siemens: law.inputSiemens,
+                });
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "linear-vca",
+                    plus,
+                    minus,
+                    output,
+                    control,
+                    inputSiemens: law.inputSiemens,
+                    vrefVolts: law.vrefVolts,
+                    minGain: law.minGain,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+            case "inverter": {
+                const { input, output, vdd, gnd } = inverterTerminals(device);
+                if (input === undefined || output === undefined) {
+                    throw new Error(`inverter ${device.id} requires input and output terminals`);
+                }
+                if (vdd !== undefined && gnd !== undefined) {
+                    // 1. PMOS: gate=input, drain=output, source=vdd
+                    stamps.push({
+                        kind: "fet",
+                        gate: input,
+                        drain: output,
+                        source: vdd,
+                        channel: "p",
+                        thresholdVolts: law.thresholdVolts ?? 2.0,
+                        transconductance: law.transconductance,
+                        channelLengthModulation: 0,
+                        subthresholdVolts: 0,
+                        gateSaturationCurrent: 0,
+                        gateOnsetVolts: 0,
+                        gateScaleVolts: 1,
+                    });
+                    // 2. NMOS: gate=input, drain=output, source=gnd
+                    stamps.push({
+                        kind: "fet",
+                        gate: input,
+                        drain: output,
+                        source: gnd,
+                        channel: "n",
+                        thresholdVolts: law.thresholdVolts ?? 2.0,
+                        transconductance: law.transconductance,
+                        channelLengthModulation: 0,
+                        subthresholdVolts: 0,
+                        gateSaturationCurrent: 0,
+                        gateOnsetVolts: 0,
+                        gateScaleVolts: 1,
+                    });
+                }
+                else {
+                    stamps.push({
+                        kind: "vccs",
+                        outP: output,
+                        outN: 0, // Ground return
+                        inP: 0, // Single-ended 0V ground reference
+                        inN: input,
+                        transconductance: law.transconductance,
+                        biasVolts: law.biasVolts ?? 4.5,
+                    });
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case "nand-gate": {
+                const inA = device.nodes[0];
+                const inB = device.nodes[1];
+                const output = device.nodes[2];
+                const vdd = device.nodes[3];
+                const gnd = device.nodes[4];
+                if (inA === undefined ||
+                    inB === undefined ||
+                    output === undefined ||
+                    vdd === undefined ||
+                    gnd === undefined) {
+                    throw new Error(`nand-gate ${device.id} requires 5 terminals (inA, inB, output, vdd, gnd)`);
+                }
+                // A unique private internal node for the NMOS series midpoint.
+                const nodeX = allocateInternalNode();
+                // 1. PMOS A: gate=inA, drain=output, source=vdd
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "fet",
+                    gate: inA,
+                    drain: output,
+                    source: vdd,
+                    channel: "p",
+                    thresholdVolts: law.thresholdVolts,
+                    transconductance: law.transconductance,
+                    channelLengthModulation: 0,
+                    subthresholdVolts: 0,
+                    gateSaturationCurrent: 0,
+                    gateOnsetVolts: 0,
+                    gateScaleVolts: 1,
+                });
+                // 2. PMOS B: gate=inB, drain=output, source=vdd
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "fet",
+                    gate: inB,
+                    drain: output,
+                    source: vdd,
+                    channel: "p",
+                    thresholdVolts: law.thresholdVolts,
+                    transconductance: law.transconductance,
+                    channelLengthModulation: 0,
+                    subthresholdVolts: 0,
+                    gateSaturationCurrent: 0,
+                    gateOnsetVolts: 0,
+                    gateScaleVolts: 1,
+                });
+                // 3. NMOS A: gate=inA, drain=output, source=nodeX
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "fet",
+                    gate: inA,
+                    drain: output,
+                    source: nodeX,
+                    channel: "n",
+                    thresholdVolts: law.thresholdVolts,
+                    transconductance: law.transconductance,
+                    channelLengthModulation: 0,
+                    subthresholdVolts: 0,
+                    gateSaturationCurrent: 0,
+                    gateOnsetVolts: 0,
+                    gateScaleVolts: 1,
+                });
+                // 4. NMOS B: gate=inB, drain=nodeX, source=gnd
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "fet",
+                    gate: inB,
+                    drain: nodeX,
+                    source: gnd,
+                    channel: "n",
+                    thresholdVolts: law.thresholdVolts,
+                    transconductance: law.transconductance,
+                    channelLengthModulation: 0,
+                    subthresholdVolts: 0,
+                    gateSaturationCurrent: 0,
+                    gateOnsetVolts: 0,
+                    gateScaleVolts: 1,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+            case "clock-driver": {
+                const cp1 = device.nodes[0];
+                const cp2 = device.nodes[1];
+                const vgg = device.nodes[2];
+                const vdd = device.nodes[3];
+                const ox1 = device.nodes[4];
+                const gnd = device.nodes[5];
+                if (cp1 === undefined || cp2 === undefined || ox1 === undefined) {
+                    throw new LoweringError(`clock-driver ${device.id} requires cp1, cp2, and ox1 terminals`, device.id);
+                }
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "clock-driver",
+                    cp1,
+                    cp2,
+                    vgg: vgg !== undefined ? vgg : 0,
+                    vdd: vdd !== undefined ? vdd : 0,
+                    ox1,
+                    // Absent means circuit ground, which is what the stamp assumed before this
+                    // terminal existed -- so an unbound GND pin reproduces the old behaviour
+                    // rather than refusing.
+                    gnd: gnd !== undefined ? gnd : 0,
+                    defaultFrequency: law.defaultFrequency ?? 10000, // 10 kHz default oscillator frequency
+                    stateIndex: stateCount++,
+                    sourceIndex: auxCount,
+                });
+                auxCount += 3; // CP1, CP2, and VGG voltage source outputs
+                break;
+            }
+            case "optocoupler": {
+                const { ledAnode, ledCathode, ldrA, ldrB } = optocouplerTerminals(device);
+                if (ledAnode === undefined ||
+                    ledCathode === undefined ||
+                    ldrA === undefined ||
+                    ldrB === undefined) {
+                    throw new Error(`optocoupler ${device.id} requires 4 terminals: anode, cathode, ldrA, ldrB`);
+                }
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "optocoupler",
+                    ledAnode,
+                    ledCathode,
+                    ldrA,
+                    ldrB,
+                    ledThresholdVolts: law.ledThresholdVolts,
+                    ledTransconductance: law.ledTransconductance,
+                    ldrMinOhms: law.ldrMinOhms,
+                    ldrMaxOhms: law.ldrMaxOhms,
+                    ldrPowerLawCoefficientOhms: law.ldrPowerLawCoefficientOhms,
+                    ldrPowerLawExponent: law.ldrPowerLawExponent,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+            case "logic-divider": {
+                const clockNode = device.nodes[0];
+                const qNode = device.nodes[1];
+                const gndNode = device.nodes[2];
+                if (clockNode === undefined ||
+                    qNode === undefined ||
+                    gndNode === undefined) {
+                    throw new Error(`logic-divider ${device.id} requires clock, q, and gnd terminals`);
+                }
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "logic-divider",
+                    clockNode,
+                    qNode,
+                    gndNode,
+                    thresholdVolts: law.thresholdVolts,
+                    highVolts: law.highVolts,
+                    sourceIndex: auxCount++,
+                    stateIndex: stateCount,
+                });
+                stateCount += 2;
+                break;
+            }
+            case "analog-switch": {
+                const a = device.nodes[0];
+                const b = device.nodes[1];
+                const control = device.nodes[2];
+                if (a === undefined || b === undefined || control === undefined) {
+                    throw new LoweringError(`analog-switch ${device.id} requires three terminals: sig_a, sig_b, and control`, device.id);
+                }
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "analog-switch",
+                    a,
+                    b,
+                    control,
+                    onOhms: law.onOhms,
+                    offOhms: law.offOhms,
+                    thresholdVolts: law.thresholdVolts,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+            case "compandor": {
+                // The datasheet's Figure 5 block diagram, built out of primitives. Only the
+                // rectifier and the gain cell are bespoke; the five internal resistors, the
+                // band-gap reference and the output op-amp are stamps the runtime already
+                // had, which is why fixing this part needed no new runtime machinery beyond
+                // the one `compandor` stamp below.
+                const rectIn = device.nodes[0];
+                const rectCap = device.nodes[1];
+                const cellIn = device.nodes[2];
+                const sumNode = device.nodes[3];
+                const r3Pin = device.nodes[4];
+                const output = device.nodes[5];
+                if (rectIn === undefined ||
+                    rectCap === undefined ||
+                    cellIn === undefined ||
+                    sumNode === undefined ||
+                    r3Pin === undefined ||
+                    output === undefined) {
+                    throw new LoweringError(`compandor ${device.id} requires six terminals: rect_in, rect_cap, cell_in, inv_in, r3, and output`, device.id);
+                }
+                // The internal 1.8 V band-gap reference. It has no pin, so it is a private
+                // node: the rectifier and gain-cell summing nodes and the op-amp's
+                // non-inverting input all sit here, which is what makes the chip work off a
+                // single supply.
+                const vref = allocateInternalNode();
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "dc-source",
+                    positive: vref,
+                    negative: GROUND,
+                    volts: law.vrefVolts,
+                    sourceIndex: auxCount++,
+                    sourceOhms: 0,
+                });
+                // R1 and R2: the rectifier's and the gain cell's input resistors. Both
+                // terminate on VREF (Figure 5: "the summing nodes of the rectifier and G
+                // cell ... have the same potential"), so they are also the input impedance
+                // each pin presents -- 10 k on RECT_IN and 20 k on G_CELL_IN. Without these
+                // the chip would load its driver with nothing at all.
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "conductance",
+                    a: rectIn,
+                    b: vref,
+                    siemens: 1 / law.r1,
+                });
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "conductance",
+                    a: cellIn,
+                    b: vref,
+                    siemens: 1 / law.r2,
+                });
+                // R5, the rectifier's averaging resistor, to ground. The packet's external
+                // CRECT on this same node is an ordinary capacitor the solve integrates, so
+                // `tau = R5 * CRECT` comes out of the circuit rather than out of a constant.
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "conductance",
+                    a: rectCap,
+                    b: GROUND,
+                    siemens: 1 / law.r5,
+                });
+                // R3 from the summing node out to pin 6, and R4 from the summing node to
+                // ground. Tying pin 6 to the output pin externally is what makes R3 the
+                // feedback resistor and sets the stage gain; R4 to ground is what lifts the
+                // quiescent output to `(1 + R3/R4) * VREF`.
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "conductance",
+                    a: sumNode,
+                    b: r3Pin,
+                    siemens: 1 / law.r3,
+                });
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "conductance",
+                    a: sumNode,
+                    b: GROUND,
+                    siemens: 1 / law.r4,
+                });
+                // The chip's own supply pins bound this output, exactly as they bound a
+                // discrete op-amp's. Stage 3 substitutes them; a null here means the document
+                // declared no supply for the package, not that the part swings without limit.
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "ideal-opamp",
+                    plus: vref,
+                    minus: sumNode,
+                    output,
+                    sourceIndex: auxCount++,
+                    railHigh: law.railHigh,
+                    railLow: law.railLow,
+                    openLoopGain: law.openLoopGain,
+                });
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "compandor",
+                    rectIn,
+                    rectCap,
+                    cellIn,
+                    sumNode,
+                    vref,
+                    r1: law.r1,
+                    r2: law.r2,
+                    r5: law.r5,
+                    iBias: law.iBias,
+                    stateIndex: stateCount,
+                });
+                // Two slots: the rectified current and the cell's transconductance. Both are
+                // sampled once per committed sample and held across the Newton loop.
+                stateCount += 2;
+                break;
+            }
+            case "comparator": {
+                const plus = device.nodes[0];
+                const minus = device.nodes[1];
+                const output = device.nodes[2];
+                const vee = device.nodes[3];
+                if (plus === undefined || minus === undefined || output === undefined) {
+                    throw new LoweringError(`comparator ${device.id} requires plus, minus, and output terminals`, device.id);
+                }
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "comparator",
+                    plus,
+                    minus,
+                    output,
+                    vee: vee !== undefined ? vee : 0, // Defaults to ground node if VEE pin is unwired
+                    pullDownOhms: law.pullDownOhms,
+                    floatOhms: law.floatOhms,
+                    sensitivity: law.sensitivity,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+            case "port-engage": {
+                // The contact against the return, closed. Both were resolved when the law
+                // was attached, from where the supply return landed; re-deriving them here
+                // from role names is what shorted a signal terminal to ground.
+                const contact = device.nodes[law.contactIndex];
+                const back = device.nodes[law.againstIndex];
+                if (contact === undefined || back === undefined) {
+                    throw new LoweringError(`jack ${device.id} has a port-engage law naming terminals it does not have`, device.id);
+                }
+                stamps.push({
+                    kind: "conductance",
+                    a: contact,
+                    b: back,
+                    siemens: 1 / SWITCH_ON_OHMS,
+                });
+                break;
+            }
+            case "open":
+                // Interface and reference symbols carry no element.
+                break;
+            default: {
+                // A law with no stamp would be silently dropped from the circuit and the
+                // result would still render -- plausible audio for a circuit that is
+                // missing a component. Refusing is the only safe fallthrough.
+                const unhandled = law;
+                throw new Error(`no stamp for device law ${JSON.stringify(unhandled)} on ${deviceId}`);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Only the region that actually contains the input jack is driven by the signal.
+    // Regions are independent subcircuits, not a chain: a dangling supply must not be
+    // handed the input, and must not be read for the output.
+    const ownsInput = region.nodes.includes(inputNode);
+    const ownsOutput = region.nodes.includes(outputNode);
+    if (ownsInput) {
+        stamps.push({
+            kind: "input-source",
+            node: inputNode,
+            sourceIndex: auxCount,
+        });
+        auxCount += 1;
+    }
+    // A seed belongs to the region that holds the node, and regions are disjoint.
+    const regionNodes = new Set(region.nodes);
+    const operatingPointSeeds = latchSeeds.filter((seed) => regionNodes.has(seed.node));
+    // Complementary collector-steering switch stamps for bistable flip-flops:
+    // When control is engaged (>= 0.5): engagedCollector is pulled to emitter (100 ohm),
+    // forcing engagedCollector low (0 V), putting bypassed transistor into cutoff (bypassedCollector high).
+    // When control is bypassed (< 0.5): bypassedCollector is pulled to emitter (100 ohm),
+    // forcing bypassedCollector low (0 V), putting engaged transistor into cutoff (engagedCollector high).
+    for (const latch of latches) {
+        if (latch.controlId !== null &&
+            regionNodes.has(latch.engagedCollector) &&
+            regionNodes.has(latch.bypassedCollector)) {
+            stamps.push({
+                kind: "switch",
+                a: latch.engagedCollector,
+                b: latch.emitter,
+                control: latch.controlId,
+                onOhms: 100,
+                offOhms: 1e8,
+            });
+            stamps.push({
+                kind: "switch",
+                a: latch.bypassedCollector,
+                b: latch.emitter,
+                control: latch.controlId,
+                onOhms: 1e8,
+                offOhms: 100,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    // The row numbering. Ground is row 0 whether or not a device in this region returns
+    // there, because the runtime pins row 0 and starts its gmin loop at 1 -- a region with
+    // no grounded device would otherwise have its first real node silently pinned to zero.
+    // Everything else follows in source-id order, so the numbering is a function of the
+    // region and not of the order devices happened to be lowered in.
+    const nodeIds = [
+        GROUND,
+        ...[...regionNodes, ...extraNodes]
+            .filter((node) => node !== GROUND)
+            .sort((a, b) => a - b),
+    ];
+    const indexByNode = new Map(nodeIds.map((node, index) => [node, index]));
+    const row = (node) => {
+        const index = indexByNode.get(node);
+        if (index === undefined) {
+            // Unreachable via `partition`, which builds `region.nodes` from exactly the devices
+            // this loop stamped. Throwing rather than defaulting because the alternative -- a
+            // silent 0 -- grounds an element and still renders.
+            throw new LoweringError(`region ${region.id} stamped node ${node}, which is not one of its own`);
+        }
+        return index;
+    };
+    const remappedStamps = stamps.map((stamp) => remapStampNodes(stamp, row));
+    const stampPartition = computeStampPartition(remappedStamps, nodeIds.length);
+    const sparseSchedule = computeSparseSchedule({
+        nodeCount: nodeIds.length,
+        auxCount,
+        stamps: remappedStamps,
+    });
+    return {
+        kind: "mna",
+        id: region.id,
+        nodeCount: nodeIds.length,
+        nodeIds,
+        auxCount,
+        stamps: remappedStamps,
+        stampPartition,
+        sparseSchedule,
+        stateCount,
+        // From the stamps, not from `region.kind`. Measured across the corpus's 191 blocks the
+        // two agree everywhere today, so this is not a correction -- it is the derivation being
+        // taken from the thing the runtime evaluates, so that a law which lowers to something
+        // milder (or to nothing) cannot leave a block claiming a solver cost it does not have.
+        linear: !stamps.some(stampNeedsNewton),
+        controlFree: stamps.every((stamp) => stampControl(stamp) === null),
+        eliminate: shouldEliminate(nodeIds.length + auxCount, stampPartition.portRows.length, !stamps.some(stampNeedsNewton), lawed.netlist.convergenceOptIn),
+        // Only included when set, so a document that does not opt in lowers to a program
+        // byte-identical to one produced before this flag existed.
+        ...(lawed.netlist.convergenceOptIn
+            ? { convergenceOptIn: true }
+            : {}),
+        inputNode: ownsInput ? row(inputNode) : null,
+        outputNode: ownsOutput ? row(outputNode) : null,
+        operatingPointSeeds: operatingPointSeeds.map((seed) => ({
+            ...seed,
+            node: row(seed.node),
+        })),
+    };
+}
+/**
+ * A block's row index for a source `NodeId`, or `null` when the node is not one of this
+ * block's own.
+ *
+ * The forward direction of `Block.nodeIds`. `null` rather than a throw because the two
+ * callers that need it are asking a question whose honest answer can be "not this block":
+ * `couple.ts` locating a macro's port node, and a report matching a declared source net
+ * against whichever region owns it.
+ */
+export function blockNodeIndex(block, node) {
+    const index = block.nodeIds.indexOf(node);
+    return index < 0 ? null : index;
+}
+/**
+ * A stamp read back in the document's node ids rather than its block's rows.
+ *
+ * The inverse of what `lowerRegion` did on the way out, for consumers that have to state a
+ * stamp's topology in the terms the source authored -- a report naming the net a device
+ * sits on, or an assertion written against a fixture's declared node numbers.
+ */
+export function stampInSourceNodes(block, stamp) {
+    return remapStampNodes(stamp, (row) => block.nodeIds[row]);
+}
+export function lower(partitioning, lawed) {
+    const { input, output } = lawed.netlist.ports;
+    const latchSeeds = findLatchSeeds(lawed.netlist);
+    const latches = findBistableLatches(lawed.netlist);
+    const quietDistance = quietDistances(lawed.netlist);
+    const opampInputDistance = opampInputDistances(lawed.netlist);
+    const opampOutputDistance = opampOutputDistances(lawed.netlist);
+    const invertingInputNodes = opampInvertingInputNodes(lawed.netlist);
+    const acOutputDistance = opampOutputAcDistances(lawed.netlist);
+    return partitioning.regions.map((region) => lowerRegion(region, lawed, input, output, latchSeeds, latches, quietDistance, opampInputDistance, opampOutputDistance, invertingInputNodes, acOutputDistance));
+}
+function terminalPair(device) {
+    const a = device.nodes[0];
+    const b = device.nodes[1];
+    if (a === undefined || b === undefined) {
+        throw new LoweringError(`device ${device.id} needs two terminals`, device.id);
+    }
+    return [a, b];
+}
+/**
+ * Split a switch's terminals into poles: each common, then the throws that follow it.
+ *
+ * A multi-pole switch is one mechanism moving several independent contacts together,
+ * so the poles share a control and are stamped side by side. Splitting at each common
+ * handles every shape the corpus has, from `common,throwA,throwB` to a three-pole
+ * `input_common,…,output_common,…,led_common,…`.
+ */
+function switchPoles(device) {
+    // **Declared roles where the document states them, folded names otherwise.**
+    //
+    // 80 of the corpus's 198 switches declare `common`/`throw`/`coil`/`pin` on every terminal
+    // (`vessel-dsp/artifacts`, 2026-09-03); the other 118 name what each contact *connects to* --
+    // `effect`, `bypass`, `rectifier_output`, `bplus_reservoir` -- which says nothing about which
+    // contact is the pole. Those keep the name path and then the positional one, and
+    // `switchPoleUnreadable` names it rather than leaving it silent.
+    //
+    // A declared `pin` is not a contact of the mechanism, which is what fixed eight amps' mains
+    // switches: a switch-and-fuse shell declares `line, switched_fused_line, neutral`, and with
+    // `line` as the pole by position `neutral` became a *second throw of it* -- connecting live
+    // to neutral at the other control position.
+    const declared = device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles;
+    const usesDeclared = declared.some((role) => role !== null);
+    const roles = device.identity.terminalRoles;
+    // **A `coil` is excluded by its declaration or not at all.** A seven-name table of coil
+    // spellings used to sit on the second branch; emptying it moved no corpus program and
+    // changed no diagnostic, and a relay whose coil matters declares `coil` -- which core has in
+    // the switch vocabulary and the first branch already reads.
+    const isContact = (index) => usesDeclared
+        ? declared[index] === "common" || declared[index] === "throw"
+        : true;
+    const contactIndices = device.nodes
+        .map((_, index) => index)
+        .filter((index) => isContact(index));
+    const contactNodes = contactIndices.map((i) => device.nodes[i]);
+    const contactRoles = contactIndices.map((i) => roles[i]);
+    const contactDeclared = contactIndices.map((i) => declared[i]);
+    const commonIndices = contactNodes
+        .map((_, index) => index)
+        // **A pole is named by its declaration or by nothing.** `switchCommonRoles` -- twelve
+        // spellings of "this is the pole" -- is gone: all 126 corpus switches whose terminal
+        // names stated a pole now declare `common`, and no undeclared switch carries a name that
+        // would have matched. A switch declaring nothing falls to its first contact exactly as
+        // before, and `switchPoleUnreadable` reports that whenever there are three or more.
+        .filter((index) => contactDeclared[index] === "common");
+    // No terminal names itself common, so the first is it -- which is what the shapes
+    // spelling it `input` or `lug14` mean, and all a document of bare lugs can support.
+    if (commonIndices.length === 0) {
+        const [common, ...throws] = contactNodes;
+        return common === undefined || throws.length === 0
+            ? []
+            : [{ common, throws }];
+    }
+    // One common: every other terminal is a throw of it, **wherever it sits in the
+    // list**. `throw0,throw1,common` is a real corpus shape, and attaching throws to a
+    // preceding common instead would drop the only real one -- which silently left the
+    // input jack's node connected to nothing at all.
+    if (commonIndices.length === 1) {
+        const at = commonIndices[0];
+        const common = contactNodes[at];
+        const throws = contactNodes.filter((_, index) => index !== at);
+        return throws.length === 0 ? [] : [{ common, throws }];
+    }
+    // Several poles of one mechanism. Each common takes the terminals that follow it;
+    // anything declared before the first common belongs to that first pole.
+    const poles = commonIndices.map((at) => ({
+        common: contactNodes[at],
+        throws: [],
+    }));
+    contactNodes.forEach((node, index) => {
+        if (commonIndices.includes(index)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const owner = commonIndices.filter((at) => at < index).length;
+        poles[Math.max(0, owner - 1)]?.throws.push(node);
+    });
+    return poles.filter((pole) => pole.throws.length > 0);
+}
+/**
+ * A diode's anode and cathode, by role where the document names them.
+ *
+ * Falls back to declaration order for `a,b` and bare lugs, which carry no orientation
+ * evidence and are all such a document supports.
+ */
+function diodeTerminals(device) {
+    // The declared role, not the terminal name. A document whose ends are `end`/`end` -- core's
+    // role for two interchangeable ends -- states no orientation, so it falls through to
+    // declaration order exactly as an unnamed pair does.
+    const roles = device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles;
+    const anodeIndex = roles.indexOf("anode");
+    const cathodeIndex = roles.indexOf("cathode");
+    if (anodeIndex !== -1 && cathodeIndex !== -1) {
+        const anode = device.nodes[anodeIndex];
+        const cathode = device.nodes[cathodeIndex];
+        if (anode !== undefined && cathode !== undefined) {
+            return [anode, cathode];
+        }
+    }
+    return terminalPair(device);
+}
+/**
+ * The junctions a diode component contains: one for a plain diode, four for a bridge, one per
+ * anode for a shared-cathode pack.
+ *
+ * **The old reading took the first two terminals and dropped the rest, without a word.** A bridge
+ * rectifier declared `[ac_a, ac_b, positive, negative]` has no `anode` role, so it fell through to
+ * declaration order and lowered to a single junction **between its two AC inputs** — a diode across
+ * the source, with both DC terminals left touching nothing. That is not an approximation of a
+ * bridge, it is a different circuit: the rail it was supposed to produce does not exist. Same shape
+ * as the transformer's positional reading, which was silently wrong on 45 of 55.
+ *
+ * Two topologies are recognised, and both are decided by whole role tokens against
+ * `diodeTerminalRoles`, never by position:
+ *
+ * - **A bridge**: two AC legs, one DC positive and one DC negative. Each AC leg gets a junction up
+ *   to `positive` and one from `negative`, which is the four-diode bridge exactly — on either half
+ *   cycle the more positive AC leg conducts into `positive` and `negative` conducts into the other.
+ * - **A shared-cathode pack**: one or more anodes and exactly one cathode. One junction per anode.
+ *   A dual rectifier and a bi-colour LED are both this, which is why the rule is the shape rather
+ *   than the part.
+ *
+ * **What this fixes is topology, not device law.** Eight of the amp corpus's multi-junction
+ * `diode` components are *tube* rectifiers — a 5U4GB, four GZ34s, two 5Y3s and a dual 5U4 — spelled
+ * `plate_a`/`cathode`/`heater_a` under `kind: diode`. They now lower to the right number of
+ * junctions in the right direction, and each junction keeps the **silicon** law the declared kind
+ * asks for: a 0.7 V drop where a 5Y3 drops 40-60 V under load. Reading a vacuum law out of a
+ * terminal name would be deciding a device's physics from a token, which is precisely what this
+ * pipeline forbids — the kind is the evidence for the law, and the roles are evidence only for the
+ * wiring. That mismatch is a **source** question (the format has a `tube-diode` kind and three
+ * instances use it) and it stays unfiled: no document compiles far enough for a diagnostic to name
+ * it, and the evidence gate requires one.
+ */
+function diodeJunctions(device) {
+    // Two terminals keep the original reading exactly, including its positional fallback for a
+    // document of bare lugs. Every diode in every compiled packet takes this path, which is what
+    // makes the change corpus-neutral by construction rather than by hope.
+    if (device.nodes.length === 2) {
+        const [anode, cathode] = diodeTerminals(device);
+        return [{ anode, cathode }];
+    }
+    const anodes = [];
+    const acLegs = [];
+    let cathode = null;
+    let dcPositive = null;
+    let dcNegative = null;
+    const single = (held, node, electrode) => {
+        if (held !== null) {
+            throw new LoweringError(`diode ${device.id} names two ${electrode} terminals, so it is more than one device in one component`, device.id);
+        }
+        return node;
+    };
+    // Reads each terminal's declared `role`, which replaced a ~30-entry spelling table. `ac` is
+    // the role a bridge's alternating leg declares (`@vessel-dsp/core@0.6.33`): it is neither an
+    // anode nor a cathode, because on one half cycle it conducts into the positive rail and on
+    // the other the negative rail conducts into it.
+    device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles.forEach((role, index) => {
+        const node = device.nodes[index];
+        if (node === undefined) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (role === null) {
+            throw new LoweringError(`diode ${device.id} has a terminal that declares no role, and a junction's direction cannot be read from terminal order once there are more than two`, device.id);
+        }
+        switch (role) {
+            // A plate is an anode: eight corpus tube rectifiers declare `kind: diode`, and this
+            // stage places their junctions while the declared kind still chooses the law.
+            case "anode":
+            case "plate":
+                anodes.push(node);
+                return;
+            case "ac":
+                acLegs.push(node);
+                return;
+            case "cathode":
+                cathode = single(cathode, node, "cathode");
+                return;
+            case "positive":
+                dcPositive = single(dcPositive, node, "DC positive");
+                return;
+            case "negative":
+                dcNegative = single(dcNegative, node, "DC negative");
+                return;
+            // A heater carries no signal current, and an `end` states no orientation to place.
+            case "heater":
+            case "end":
+                return;
+            default:
+                throw new LoweringError(`diode ${device.id}: terminal declares role "${role}", which is not an electrode a multi-junction diode has`, device.id);
+        }
+    });
+    const positive = dcPositive;
+    const negative = dcNegative;
+    const shared = cathode;
+    if (acLegs.length === 2 && positive !== null && negative !== null) {
+        if (anodes.length > 0 || shared !== null) {
+            throw new LoweringError(`diode ${device.id} names both a bridge's AC and DC legs and a separate anode or cathode, which is two topologies at once`, device.id);
+        }
+        return acLegs.flatMap((leg) => [
+            { anode: leg, cathode: positive },
+            { anode: negative, cathode: leg },
+        ]);
+    }
+    if (acLegs.length === 0 && shared !== null && anodes.length > 0) {
+        return anodes.map((anode) => ({ anode, cathode: shared }));
+    }
+    throw new LoweringError(`diode ${device.id} declares ${device.nodes.length} terminals in no topology this stage can place: ` +
+        "a bridge needs two AC legs with a DC positive and negative, and a diode pack needs one cathode with at least one anode", device.id);
+}
+/**
+ * The two ends of a supply, as the corpus names them. Counted, not guessed: `positive`
+ * 47, `negative` 46, `neutral` 17, `hot` 16, `anode`/`cathode` 4 each, `+` 3, `line` 2,
+ * `return` 1. `hot`/`neutral` and `line`/`neutral` are mains pairs in the amp packets.
+ * `plus`/`minus` are absent from the corpus but are unambiguous polarity names a
+ * hand-authored document may use, and they are what the fixtures here declare.
+ */
+/**
+ * A supply's driven end and its return, by role where the document names them.
+ *
+ * This was the last asymmetric device still read by declaration order, and it fails the
+ * same way the diode and the op-amp did: reversing `positive` and `minus` inverts a rail
+ * and the packet still compiles `ok`. A rail is not a subtle wrong answer -- every bias
+ * point in the circuit hangs off its sign.
+ *
+ * **Read from the declared role since 2026-09-03**, and the fallback is now taken only when the
+ * source *says* the two ends are symmetric rather than when it says nothing. `ac_a`/`ac_b` and
+ * `heater_a`/`heater_b` are the two ends of a winding modelled as a source: they declare
+ * `end`/`end`, which states that there is no polarity to read, and declaration order is then all
+ * such a document supports. That is a different fact from a supply whose terminals declare
+ * nothing, and matching folded *names* could not tell the two apart -- `'-'` folded away to no
+ * role at all and landed in the same bucket as a bare lug.
+ *
+ * Measured across the corpus after the backfill: 72 supplies declare exactly one `positive` and
+ * one `negative`, 2 declare `end`/`end`, 1 has a single terminal, and none declares nothing.
+ */
+function supplyTerminals(device) {
+    // A rail names one node and means "against ground", which is not a polarity question:
+    // there is only one end to place. Reading roles here would refuse 34 packets for
+    // wanting a terminal a rail never has.
+    const single = device.nodes[0];
+    if (device.nodes.length === 1 && single !== undefined) {
+        return [single, GROUND];
+    }
+    const roles = device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles;
+    const driveIndex = roles.findIndex((role) => role === "positive");
+    const returnIndex = roles.findIndex((role) => role === "negative");
+    // One end named is enough: the other is the remaining terminal. Requiring both would
+    // discard the evidence in a supply declaring `positive` beside an unlabelled lug.
+    const resolved = driveIndex !== -1 && driveIndex !== returnIndex
+        ? [
+            driveIndex,
+            returnIndex === -1 ? 1 - driveIndex : returnIndex,
+        ]
+        : returnIndex !== -1
+            ? [1 - returnIndex, returnIndex]
+            : null;
+    if (resolved !== null) {
+        const positive = device.nodes[resolved[0]];
+        const negative = device.nodes[resolved[1]];
+        if (positive !== undefined && negative !== undefined) {
+            return [positive, negative];
+        }
+    }
+    return terminalPair(device);
+}
+/**
+ * Slots a reactive element's companion model needs: the voltage across it and the current
+ * through it, which is what a trapezoidal companion carries between samples.
+ *
+ * The program declares state in slots and each stamp declares the offset its own state
+ * begins at, so both are the same unit and no executor has to know a hidden convention.
+ */
+export const STATE_SLOTS_PER_REACTIVE_ELEMENT = 2;
+/**
+ * The one terminal index whose **declared** role is `role`, or null when none or several are.
+ *
+ * This replaced seven name-vocabulary sets: `triodeGridRoles`, `triodeCathodeRoles`,
+ * `triodePlateRoles`, `pentodeScreenRoles`, and the transistor control/upper/lower channel
+ * triple. All seven existed to recover an electrode from a terminal's *name*, which is a
+ * spelling problem the format no longer has -- `@vessel-dsp/core@0.6.28` gives every terminal a
+ * typed `role`, so the electrode is read rather than inferred. There is nothing to fold, alias,
+ * or guess, and `c` no longer has to mean a collector on one kind and a cathode on another.
+ *
+ * **Ambiguity is still null rather than the first match**, for the reason `uniqueRoleIndex`
+ * records: two terminals declaring `plate` is correct on a dual rectifier and wrong on a triode,
+ * and which it is belongs to the caller. A resolver asking for one plate gets null;
+ * `tubeDiodePlates` asks for all of them.
+ */
+function declaredIndex(device, role) {
+    const found = device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles.flatMap((declared, index) => declared === role ? [index] : []);
+    return found.length === 1 ? (found[0] ?? null) : null;
+}
+/**
+ * Indices for `roles` in order, or null when any one is unresolved.
+ *
+ * All-or-nothing for the reason `roleIndices` gives: every caller treats a partial read as no
+ * read, because a tube with a plate but no identifiable cathode cannot be stamped from the half
+ * that resolved.
+ */
+function declaredIndices(device, roles) {
+    const indices = roles.map((role) => declaredIndex(device, role));
+    return indices.every((index) => index !== null)
+        ? indices
+        : null;
+}
+/**
+ * The one terminal index whose declared role is in `accepted`, or `null` when none is or
+ * more than one is.
+ *
+ * **Ambiguity is `null` rather than the first match.** Two terminals both claiming `plate`
+ * is a source defect, and choosing between them would wire the device from a coin toss —
+ * so the callers that can refuse do, and the callers that fall back to declaration order
+ * fall back wholesale rather than half-resolved.
+ *
+ * `fold` exists because the optocoupler's copy of this read carried `foldToken` where the
+ * other four compared the role as given. That divergence is the reason this is one function:
+ * the five copies were not identical, and nothing would have reported it.
+ */
+function uniqueRoleIndex(roles, accepted, fold = (role) => role) {
+    const found = roles.flatMap((role, index) => role !== null && accepted.has(fold(role)) ? [index] : []);
+    return found.length === 1 ? (found[0] ?? null) : null;
+}
+/**
+ * Terminal indices for `slots` in order, or `null` when any one of them is unresolved.
+ *
+ * All-or-nothing because every caller treats a partial read as no read: a tube with a plate
+ * but no identifiable cathode cannot be stamped from the half that resolved.
+ *
+ * Returns **indices, not nodes**, so each caller keeps its own missing-node refusal. Those
+ * are not interchangeable — a pentode that named an electrode it has no terminal for and a
+ * BJT missing a third node are different source defects and say so.
+ */
+function roleIndices(roles, slots, fold) {
+    const indices = slots.map((slot) => uniqueRoleIndex(roles, slot, fold));
+    return indices.every((index) => index !== null)
+        ? indices
+        : null;
+}
+/**
+ * A pentode's `(grid, cathode, plate, screen)`, by role, refusing rather than guessing.
+ *
+ * A `suppressor` and a `heater` terminal are read and ignored on purpose: a suppressor is tied
+ * to the cathode in practice, and a heater carries no signal current. Their nodes end up
+ * carrying only `gmin`, which is the same situation a FET gate is already in.
+ *
+ * The two ganged documents in the corpus (`grid_a,grid_b,...` and `plates_a,plates_b,...`) name
+ * **two** pentodes in one component, so `only` finds two grids and refuses. That is the right
+ * answer: this law is one tube, and silently taking the first of each would model half the
+ * device and render.
+ */
+function pentodeTerminals(device) {
+    const indices = declaredIndices(device, ["grid", "cathode", "plate", "screen"]);
+    if (indices === null) {
+        throw new LoweringError(`pentode ${device.id} does not name a single grid, cathode, plate and screen among its terminals`, device.id);
+    }
+    const nodes = indices.map((index) => device.nodes[index]);
+    if (nodes.some((node) => node === undefined)) {
+        throw new LoweringError(`pentode ${device.id} names an electrode it has no terminal for`, device.id);
+    }
+    return nodes;
+}
+/**
+ * A triode's `(grid, cathode, plate)`, by role.
+ *
+ * Deliberately **not** falling back to declaration order the way the BJT does. A BJT's
+ * positional fallback is defensible because its three terminals appear in a conventional
+ * order across the corpus; a tube's do not, and swapping plate for cathode turns a gain
+ * stage into a cathode follower that still renders. A triode whose roles cannot be read is
+ * a missing source fact, so this refuses rather than guessing.
+ */
+function triodeTerminals(device) {
+    const indices = declaredIndices(device, ["grid", "cathode", "plate"]);
+    if (indices === null) {
+        throw new LoweringError(`triode ${device.id} does not name a single grid, cathode and plate among its terminals`, device.id);
+    }
+    const nodes = indices.map((index) => device.nodes[index]);
+    if (nodes.some((node) => node === undefined)) {
+        throw new LoweringError(`triode ${device.id} needs three terminals`, device.id);
+    }
+    return nodes;
+}
+/**
+ * A tube diode's plates, each paired with the shared cathode.
+ *
+ * Refuses rather than falling back to declaration order, for the triode's reason: a rectifier
+ * wired backwards conducts on the wrong half-cycle and still renders, and the corpus does not
+ * declare these terminals in a settled order.
+ */
+function tubeDiodePlates(device) {
+    const plates = [];
+    let cathode = null;
+    // Reads the declared role, so `plate_a` and `plate_b` are two terminals carrying one role
+    // rather than two spellings to look up. This is the case the `devices` construct exists for:
+    // a dual rectifier is two diodes on one cathode, and until a document declares that split,
+    // pairing every plate with the shared cathode is the same answer.
+    device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles.forEach((role, index) => {
+        const node = device.nodes[index];
+        if (node === undefined) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (role === null) {
+            throw new LoweringError(`tube diode ${device.id} has a terminal that declares no role, and a rectifier's plate cannot be told from its cathode by position`, device.id);
+        }
+        if (role === "plate") {
+            plates.push(node);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (role === "cathode") {
+            if (cathode !== null) {
+                throw new LoweringError(`tube diode ${device.id} names two cathodes, so it is two devices in one component`, device.id);
+            }
+            cathode = node;
+            return;
+        }
+        // A heater carries no signal current, so it is read and ignored, as it always was. Any
+        // other role is a device this law is not: refuse by name rather than place it.
+        if (role !== "heater") {
+            throw new LoweringError(`tube diode ${device.id}: terminal declares role "${role}", which is not an electrode a tube rectifier has`, device.id);
+        }
+    });
+    if (cathode === null || plates.length === 0) {
+        throw new LoweringError(`tube diode ${device.id} does not name a cathode and at least one plate among its terminals`, device.id);
+    }
+    const shared = cathode;
+    return plates.map((plate) => ({ plate, cathode: shared }));
+}
+function bjtTerminals(device) {
+    // Read the roles, because **449 of the corpus's 490 transistors do not put the
+    // control terminal first**. `collector,base,emitter` alone is 282 of them, and
+    // taking position 1 as the base exchanges base and collector on nearly every
+    // transistor there is: the stage never turns on and the pedal renders silence.
+    const indices = declaredIndices(device, ["base", "collector", "emitter"]) ??
+        declaredIndices(device, ["gate", "drain", "source"]);
+    // Unlabelled or ambiguous roles keep declaration order, which is all a document of
+    // bare positional pins supports.
+    const [control, upper, lower] = indices === null
+        ? device.nodes
+        : indices.map((index) => device.nodes[index]);
+    if (control === undefined || upper === undefined || lower === undefined) {
+        throw new LoweringError(`bjt ${device.id} needs base, collector and emitter`, device.id);
+    }
+    return [control, upper, lower];
+}
+/**
+ * An op-amp's `(+in, -in, out)` from its **declared** roles, refusing rather than guessing.
+ *
+ * Order settles nothing: the corpus writes `inverting,nonInverting,output`,
+ * `positive,out,negative` and `negative,positive,out`, so taking position exchanges the two
+ * inputs and inverts the stage -- a wrong answer that still renders and is audible only by
+ * comparison.
+ *
+ * This read the folded terminal *name* against three closed sets and fell back to declaration
+ * order when they did not resolve, which is the silent half of the role-vocabulary problem: a
+ * document naming its pins anything outside those sets got positions 0, 1 and 2 and nothing said
+ * so. Measured after the roles were backfilled: 314 of 315 corpus op-amps declare exactly one of
+ * each, and none declares no role, so the positional path had no legitimate case left.
+ *
+ * **Several of each is a package, not an ambiguity.** `boss-dm-3`'s `IC1` declares eight terminals
+ * and two of every signal role, because it is a dual op-amp whose sections
+ * `@vessel-dsp/core@0.6.33`'s `devices` construct exists to separate. Until that is declared this
+ * refuses too, naming the construct, rather than picking a section by position.
+ */
+function opampTerminals(device) {
+    const declared = device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles;
+    const indices = ["nonInverting", "inverting", "output"].map((role) => {
+        const found = declared.flatMap((value, index) => value === role ? [index] : []);
+        return found.length === 1 ? found[0] : null;
+    });
+    if (indices.some((index) => index === null)) {
+        const counts = ["nonInverting", "inverting", "output"]
+            .map((role) => `${role}=${declared.filter((value) => value === role).length}`)
+            .join(" ");
+        throw new LoweringError(`op-amp ${device.id} does not identify one non-inverting input, one inverting input ` +
+            `and one output (${counts}) -- several of each is a package whose sections a ` +
+            "`devices` declaration has to separate, and taking terminals by position instead " +
+            "exchanges the inputs and inverts the stage", device.id);
+    }
+    const [plus, minus, output] = indices.map((index) => device.nodes[index]);
+    if (plus === undefined || minus === undefined || output === undefined) {
+        throw new LoweringError(`op-amp ${device.id} needs three terminals`, device.id);
+    }
+    return [plus, minus, output];
+}
+/**
+ * An optocoupler's four connections from the terminals' **declared roles**.
+ *
+ * Core's vocabulary for the kind is `anode`, `cathode`, `end`, `pin`: the LED states a direction
+ * and the cell states none, which is the physics -- a photoresistor conducts the same either way,
+ * so its two `end` terminals are taken in declaration order and that is a reading rather than a
+ * guess. A three-terminal part is the common tremolo package, whose LED cathode is the chassis:
+ * one `anode` and two `end`s, with the return implied.
+ */
+function declaredOptocouplerNodes(device) {
+    const declared = device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles;
+    const at = (role) => {
+        const found = declared.reduce((acc, value, index) => (value === role ? [...acc, index] : acc), []);
+        return found.length === 1 ? (found[0] ?? null) : null;
+    };
+    const ends = declared.flatMap((role, index) => (role === "end" ? [index] : []));
+    const anodeIndex = at("anode");
+    if (anodeIndex === null || ends.length !== 2) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    const cathodeIndex = at("cathode");
+    const ledAnode = device.nodes[anodeIndex];
+    const ldrA = device.nodes[ends[0] ?? -1];
+    const ldrB = device.nodes[ends[1] ?? -1];
+    const ledCathode = cathodeIndex === null ? GROUND : device.nodes[cathodeIndex];
+    if (ledAnode === undefined ||
+        ledCathode === undefined ||
+        ldrA === undefined ||
+        ldrB === undefined) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    return { ledAnode, ledCathode, ldrA, ldrB };
+}
+/**
+ * The same four connections from the terminals' **names**, which is the older path and one of the
+ * last two name vocabularies in this compiler. It stays until the four corpus optocouplers that
+ * depend on it declare roles instead; `optocouplerBinding` is what reports them.
+ */
+function namedOptocouplerNodes(device) {
+    const roles = device.identity.terminalRoles;
+    // Folded, unlike the four resolvers above, which compare the role as given.
+    const only = (accepted) => uniqueRoleIndex(roles, accepted, foldToken);
+    const lampDriveIndex = only(new Set(["lampdrive"]));
+    const ldrSignalIndex = only(new Set(["ldrsignal", "ldra"]));
+    const ldrReturnIndex = only(new Set(["ldrreturn", "ldrb"]));
+    if (lampDriveIndex !== null &&
+        ldrSignalIndex !== null &&
+        ldrReturnIndex !== null &&
+        device.nodes.length === 3) {
+        const ledAnode = device.nodes[lampDriveIndex];
+        const ldrA = device.nodes[ldrSignalIndex];
+        const ldrB = device.nodes[ldrReturnIndex];
+        if (ledAnode !== undefined && ldrA !== undefined && ldrB !== undefined) {
+            return { ledAnode, ledCathode: GROUND, ldrA, ldrB };
+        }
+    }
+    const anodeIndex = only(new Set(["anode", "ledanode", "lampdrive"]));
+    const cathodeIndex = only(new Set(["cathode", "ledcathode", "lampreturn"]));
+    const ldrAIndex = only(new Set(["ldra", "ldrsignal"]));
+    const ldrBIndex = only(new Set(["ldrb", "ldrreturn"]));
+    if (anodeIndex !== null &&
+        cathodeIndex !== null &&
+        ldrAIndex !== null &&
+        ldrBIndex !== null) {
+        const ledAnode = device.nodes[anodeIndex];
+        const ledCathode = device.nodes[cathodeIndex];
+        const ldrA = device.nodes[ldrAIndex];
+        const ldrB = device.nodes[ldrBIndex];
+        if (ledAnode !== undefined &&
+            ledCathode !== undefined &&
+            ldrA !== undefined &&
+            ldrB !== undefined) {
+            return { ledAnode, ledCathode, ldrA, ldrB };
+        }
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+/**
+ * Which rung decided an optocoupler's wiring, so a warning can name the devices that reached the
+ * weaker ones without restating either test.
+ *
+ * The alternative -- a predicate in the warning module that mirrors this vocabulary -- is how a
+ * silent switch mis-wiring was introduced in this compiler once already: the mirror drifted from
+ * the resolver and the warning went quiet about the case it existed for.
+ */
+export function optocouplerBinding(device) {
+    if (declaredOptocouplerNodes(device) !== null) {
+        return "declared";
+    }
+    return namedOptocouplerNodes(device) !== null ? "named" : "declaration-order";
+}
+/**
+ * A logic gate's four connections, by declared role where the document states them.
+ *
+ * **The order used to be the whole binding.** `nodes[0..3]` was input, output, vdd, gnd, which is
+ * right for a registry `sections` entry written against that order and is nothing at all for a
+ * package that declares its own gates: a `devices:` list states which terminals a gate uses, not
+ * which slot each fills, and its docstring says so -- "order carries no meaning; a law binds by
+ * role". `@vessel-dsp/core@0.6.39` gives a gate `input` and `output` to bind by.
+ *
+ * The positional fallback stays for every document that predates the kind, and `vdd`/`gnd` stay
+ * optional because the single-ended `vccs` branch below models a gate whose supplies the document
+ * does not give.
+ */
+function inverterTerminals(device) {
+    const declared = device.identity.declaredTerminalRoles;
+    const only = (role) => {
+        const found = declared.flatMap((value, index) => value === role ? [index] : []);
+        return found.length === 1 ? device.nodes[found[0]] : undefined;
+    };
+    const input = only("input");
+    const output = only("output");
+    if (input !== undefined && output !== undefined) {
+        return {
+            input,
+            output,
+            vdd: only("supplyPositive"),
+            gnd: only("supplyNegative"),
+        };
+    }
+    return {
+        input: device.nodes[0],
+        output: device.nodes[1],
+        vdd: device.nodes.length >= 4 ? device.nodes[2] : undefined,
+        gnd: device.nodes.length >= 4 ? device.nodes[3] : undefined,
+    };
+}
+function optocouplerTerminals(device) {
+    const resolved = declaredOptocouplerNodes(device) ?? namedOptocouplerNodes(device);
+    if (resolved !== null) {
+        return resolved;
+    }
+    const ledAnode = device.nodes[0];
+    const ledCathode = device.nodes[1];
+    const ldrA = device.nodes[2];
+    const ldrB = device.nodes[3];
+    if (ledAnode === undefined ||
+        ledCathode === undefined ||
+        ldrA === undefined ||
+        ldrB === undefined) {
+        throw new LoweringError(`optocoupler ${device.id} requires 4 terminals: anode, cathode, ldrA, ldrB`, device.id);
+    }
+    return { ledAnode, ledCathode, ldrA, ldrB };
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=lower.js.map