@veritone-ce/design-system 2.9.0-next.2 → 2.9.0-next.3

package/dist/cjs/bundled_modules/vega-dataflow/build/vega-dataflow.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2102 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var vegaUtil = require('../../vega-util/build/vega-util.js');
+var vegaLoader_browser = require('../../vega-loader/build/vega-loader.browser.js');
+var vegaFormat = require('../../vega-format/build/vega-format.js');
+
+function UniqueList(idFunc) {
+  const $ = idFunc || vegaUtil.identity,
+    list = [],
+    ids = {};
+  list.add = _ => {
+    const id = $(_);
+    if (!ids[id]) {
+      ids[id] = 1;
+      list.push(_);
+    }
+    return list;
+  };
+  list.remove = _ => {
+    const id = $(_);
+    if (ids[id]) {
+      ids[id] = 0;
+      const idx = list.indexOf(_);
+      if (idx >= 0) list.splice(idx, 1);
+    }
+    return list;
+  };
+  return list;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invoke and await a potentially async callback function. If
+ * an error occurs, trap it and route to Dataflow.error.
+ * @param {Dataflow} df - The dataflow instance
+ * @param {function} callback - A callback function to invoke
+ *   and then await. The dataflow will be passed as the single
+ *   argument to the function.
+ */
+async function asyncCallback (df, callback) {
+  try {
+    await callback(df);
+  } catch (err) {
+    df.error(err);
+  }
+}
+
+const TUPLE_ID_KEY = Symbol('vega_id');
+let TUPLE_ID = 1;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if an input value is a registered tuple.
+ * @param {*} t - The value to check.
+ * @return {boolean} True if the input is a tuple, false otherwise.
+ */
+function isTuple(t) {
+  return !!(t && tupleid(t));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the id of a tuple.
+ * @param {object} t - The input tuple.
+ * @return {*} the tuple id.
+ */
+function tupleid(t) {
+  return t[TUPLE_ID_KEY];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the id of a tuple.
+ * @param {object} t - The input tuple.
+ * @param {*} id - The id value to set.
+ * @return {object} the input tuple.
+ */
+function setid(t, id) {
+  t[TUPLE_ID_KEY] = id;
+  return t;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Ingest an object or value as a data tuple.
+ * If the input value is an object, an id field will be added to it. For
+ * efficiency, the input object is modified directly. A copy is not made.
+ * If the input value is a literal, it will be wrapped in a new object
+ * instance, with the value accessible as the 'data' property.
+ * @param datum - The value to ingest.
+ * @return {object} The ingested data tuple.
+ */
+function ingest$1(datum) {
+  const t = datum === Object(datum) ? datum : {
+    data: datum
+  };
+  return tupleid(t) ? t : setid(t, TUPLE_ID++);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Given a source tuple, return a derived copy.
+ * @param {object} t - The source tuple.
+ * @return {object} The derived tuple.
+ */
+function derive(t) {
+  return rederive(t, ingest$1({}));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Rederive a derived tuple by copying values from the source tuple.
+ * @param {object} t - The source tuple.
+ * @param {object} d - The derived tuple.
+ * @return {object} The derived tuple.
+ */
+function rederive(t, d) {
+  for (const k in t) d[k] = t[k];
+  return d;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Replace an existing tuple with a new tuple.
+ * @param {object} t - The existing data tuple.
+ * @param {object} d - The new tuple that replaces the old.
+ * @return {object} The new tuple.
+ */
+function replace(t, d) {
+  return setid(d, tupleid(t));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generate an augmented comparator function that provides stable
+ * sorting by tuple id when the given comparator produces ties.
+ * @param {function} cmp - The comparator to augment.
+ * @param {function} [f] - Optional tuple accessor function.
+ * @return {function} An augmented comparator function.
+ */
+function stableCompare(cmp, f) {
+  return !cmp ? null : f ? (a, b) => cmp(a, b) || tupleid(f(a)) - tupleid(f(b)) : (a, b) => cmp(a, b) || tupleid(a) - tupleid(b);
+}
+
+function isChangeSet(v) {
+  return v && v.constructor === changeset;
+}
+function changeset() {
+  const add = [],
+    // insert tuples
+    rem = [],
+    // remove tuples
+    mod = [],
+    // modify tuples
+    remp = [],
+    // remove by predicate
+    modp = []; // modify by predicate
+  let clean = null,
+    reflow = false;
+  return {
+    constructor: changeset,
+    insert(t) {
+      const d = vegaUtil.array(t),
+        n = d.length;
+      for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) add.push(d[i]);
+      return this;
+    },
+    remove(t) {
+      const a = vegaUtil.isFunction(t) ? remp : rem,
+        d = vegaUtil.array(t),
+        n = d.length;
+      for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) a.push(d[i]);
+      return this;
+    },
+    modify(t, field, value) {
+      const m = {
+        field: field,
+        value: vegaUtil.constant(value)
+      };
+      if (vegaUtil.isFunction(t)) {
+        m.filter = t;
+        modp.push(m);
+      } else {
+        m.tuple = t;
+        mod.push(m);
+      }
+      return this;
+    },
+    encode(t, set) {
+      if (vegaUtil.isFunction(t)) modp.push({
+        filter: t,
+        field: set
+      });else mod.push({
+        tuple: t,
+        field: set
+      });
+      return this;
+    },
+    clean(value) {
+      clean = value;
+      return this;
+    },
+    reflow() {
+      reflow = true;
+      return this;
+    },
+    pulse(pulse, tuples) {
+      const cur = {},
+        out = {};
+      let i, n, m, f, t, id;
+
+      // build lookup table of current tuples
+      for (i = 0, n = tuples.length; i < n; ++i) {
+        cur[tupleid(tuples[i])] = 1;
+      }
+
+      // process individual tuples to remove
+      for (i = 0, n = rem.length; i < n; ++i) {
+        t = rem[i];
+        cur[tupleid(t)] = -1;
+      }
+
+      // process predicate-based removals
+      for (i = 0, n = remp.length; i < n; ++i) {
+        f = remp[i];
+        tuples.forEach(t => {
+          if (f(t)) cur[tupleid(t)] = -1;
+        });
+      }
+
+      // process all add tuples
+      for (i = 0, n = add.length; i < n; ++i) {
+        t = add[i];
+        id = tupleid(t);
+        if (cur[id]) {
+          // tuple already resides in dataset
+          // if flagged for both add and remove, cancel
+          cur[id] = 1;
+        } else {
+          // tuple does not reside in dataset, add
+          pulse.add.push(ingest$1(add[i]));
+        }
+      }
+
+      // populate pulse rem list
+      for (i = 0, n = tuples.length; i < n; ++i) {
+        t = tuples[i];
+        if (cur[tupleid(t)] < 0) pulse.rem.push(t);
+      }
+
+      // modify helper method
+      function modify(t, f, v) {
+        if (v) {
+          t[f] = v(t);
+        } else {
+          pulse.encode = f;
+        }
+        if (!reflow) out[tupleid(t)] = t;
+      }
+
+      // process individual tuples to modify
+      for (i = 0, n = mod.length; i < n; ++i) {
+        m = mod[i];
+        t = m.tuple;
+        f = m.field;
+        id = cur[tupleid(t)];
+        if (id > 0) {
+          modify(t, f, m.value);
+          pulse.modifies(f);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // process predicate-based modifications
+      for (i = 0, n = modp.length; i < n; ++i) {
+        m = modp[i];
+        f = m.filter;
+        tuples.forEach(t => {
+          if (f(t) && cur[tupleid(t)] > 0) {
+            modify(t, m.field, m.value);
+          }
+        });
+        pulse.modifies(m.field);
+      }
+
+      // upon reflow request, populate mod with all non-removed tuples
+      // otherwise, populate mod with modified tuples only
+      if (reflow) {
+        pulse.mod = rem.length || remp.length ? tuples.filter(t => cur[tupleid(t)] > 0) : tuples.slice();
+      } else {
+        for (id in out) pulse.mod.push(out[id]);
+      }
+
+      // set pulse garbage collection request
+      if (clean || clean == null && (rem.length || remp.length)) {
+        pulse.clean(true);
+      }
+      return pulse;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+const CACHE = '_:mod:_';
+
+/**
+ * Hash that tracks modifications to assigned values.
+ * Callers *must* use the set method to update values.
+ */
+function Parameters() {
+  Object.defineProperty(this, CACHE, {
+    writable: true,
+    value: {}
+  });
+}
+Parameters.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * Set a parameter value. If the parameter value changes, the parameter
+   * will be recorded as modified.
+   * @param {string} name - The parameter name.
+   * @param {number} index - The index into an array-value parameter. Ignored if
+   *   the argument is undefined, null or less than zero.
+   * @param {*} value - The parameter value to set.
+   * @param {boolean} [force=false] - If true, records the parameter as modified
+   *   even if the value is unchanged.
+   * @return {Parameters} - This parameter object.
+   */
+  set(name, index, value, force) {
+    const o = this,
+      v = o[name],
+      mod = o[CACHE];
+    if (index != null && index >= 0) {
+      if (v[index] !== value || force) {
+        v[index] = value;
+        mod[index + ':' + name] = -1;
+        mod[name] = -1;
+      }
+    } else if (v !== value || force) {
+      o[name] = value;
+      mod[name] = vegaUtil.isArray(value) ? 1 + value.length : -1;
+    }
+    return o;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Tests if one or more parameters has been modified. If invoked with no
+   * arguments, returns true if any parameter value has changed. If the first
+   * argument is array, returns trues if any parameter name in the array has
+   * changed. Otherwise, tests if the given name and optional array index has
+   * changed.
+   * @param {string} name - The parameter name to test.
+   * @param {number} [index=undefined] - The parameter array index to test.
+   * @return {boolean} - Returns true if a queried parameter was modified.
+   */
+  modified(name, index) {
+    const mod = this[CACHE];
+    if (!arguments.length) {
+      for (const k in mod) {
+        if (mod[k]) return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    } else if (vegaUtil.isArray(name)) {
+      for (let k = 0; k < name.length; ++k) {
+        if (mod[name[k]]) return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+    return index != null && index >= 0 ? index + 1 < mod[name] || !!mod[index + ':' + name] : !!mod[name];
+  },
+  /**
+   * Clears the modification records. After calling this method,
+   * all parameters are considered unmodified.
+   */
+  clear() {
+    this[CACHE] = {};
+    return this;
+  }
+};
+
+let OP_ID = 0;
+const PULSE = 'pulse',
+  NO_PARAMS = new Parameters();
+
+// Boolean Flags
+const SKIP$1 = 1,
+  MODIFIED = 2;
+
+/**
+ * An Operator is a processing node in a dataflow graph.
+ * Each operator stores a value and an optional value update function.
+ * Operators can accept a hash of named parameters. Parameter values can
+ * either be direct (JavaScript literals, arrays, objects) or indirect
+ * (other operators whose values will be pulled dynamically). Operators
+ * included as parameters will have this operator added as a dependency.
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {*} [init] - The initial value for this operator.
+ * @param {function(object, Pulse)} [update] - An update function. Upon
+ *   evaluation of this operator, the update function will be invoked and the
+ *   return value will be used as the new value of this operator.
+ * @param {object} [params] - The parameters for this operator.
+ * @param {boolean} [react=true] - Flag indicating if this operator should
+ *   listen for changes to upstream operators included as parameters.
+ * @see parameters
+ */
+function Operator(init, update, params, react) {
+  this.id = ++OP_ID;
+  this.value = init;
+  this.stamp = -1;
+  this.rank = -1;
+  this.qrank = -1;
+  this.flags = 0;
+  if (update) {
+    this._update = update;
+  }
+  if (params) this.parameters(params, react);
+}
+function flag(bit) {
+  return function (state) {
+    const f = this.flags;
+    if (arguments.length === 0) return !!(f & bit);
+    this.flags = state ? f | bit : f & ~bit;
+    return this;
+  };
+}
+Operator.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * Returns a list of target operators dependent on this operator.
+   * If this list does not exist, it is created and then returned.
+   * @return {UniqueList}
+   */
+  targets() {
+    return this._targets || (this._targets = UniqueList(vegaUtil.id));
+  },
+  /**
+   * Sets the value of this operator.
+   * @param {*} value - the value to set.
+   * @return {Number} Returns 1 if the operator value has changed
+   *   according to strict equality, returns 0 otherwise.
+   */
+  set(value) {
+    if (this.value !== value) {
+      this.value = value;
+      return 1;
+    } else {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  },
+  /**
+   * Indicates that operator evaluation should be skipped on the next pulse.
+   * This operator will still propagate incoming pulses, but its update function
+   * will not be invoked. The skip flag is reset after every pulse, so calling
+   * this method will affect processing of the next pulse only.
+   */
+  skip: flag(SKIP$1),
+  /**
+   * Indicates that this operator's value has been modified on its most recent
+   * pulse. Normally modification is checked via strict equality; however, in
+   * some cases it is more efficient to update the internal state of an object.
+   * In those cases, the modified flag can be used to trigger propagation. Once
+   * set, the modification flag persists across pulses until unset. The flag can
+   * be used with the last timestamp to test if a modification is recent.
+   */
+  modified: flag(MODIFIED),
+  /**
+   * Sets the parameters for this operator. The parameter values are analyzed for
+   * operator instances. If found, this operator will be added as a dependency
+   * of the parameterizing operator. Operator values are dynamically marshalled
+   * from each operator parameter prior to evaluation. If a parameter value is
+   * an array, the array will also be searched for Operator instances. However,
+   * the search does not recurse into sub-arrays or object properties.
+   * @param {object} params - A hash of operator parameters.
+   * @param {boolean} [react=true] - A flag indicating if this operator should
+   *   automatically update (react) when parameter values change. In other words,
+   *   this flag determines if the operator registers itself as a listener on
+   *   any upstream operators included in the parameters.
+   * @param {boolean} [initonly=false] - A flag indicating if this operator
+   *   should calculate an update only upon its initial evaluation, then
+   *   deregister dependencies and suppress all future update invocations.
+   * @return {Operator[]} - An array of upstream dependencies.
+   */
+  parameters(params, react, initonly) {
+    react = react !== false;
+    const argval = this._argval = this._argval || new Parameters(),
+      argops = this._argops = this._argops || [],
+      deps = [];
+    let name, value, n, i;
+    const add = (name, index, value) => {
+      if (value instanceof Operator) {
+        if (value !== this) {
+          if (react) value.targets().add(this);
+          deps.push(value);
+        }
+        argops.push({
+          op: value,
+          name: name,
+          index: index
+        });
+      } else {
+        argval.set(name, index, value);
+      }
+    };
+    for (name in params) {
+      value = params[name];
+      if (name === PULSE) {
+        vegaUtil.array(value).forEach(op => {
+          if (!(op instanceof Operator)) {
+            vegaUtil.error('Pulse parameters must be operator instances.');
+          } else if (op !== this) {
+            op.targets().add(this);
+            deps.push(op);
+          }
+        });
+        this.source = value;
+      } else if (vegaUtil.isArray(value)) {
+        argval.set(name, -1, Array(n = value.length));
+        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) add(name, i, value[i]);
+      } else {
+        add(name, -1, value);
+      }
+    }
+    this.marshall().clear(); // initialize values
+    if (initonly) argops.initonly = true;
+    return deps;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Internal method for marshalling parameter values.
+   * Visits each operator dependency to pull the latest value.
+   * @return {Parameters} A Parameters object to pass to the update function.
+   */
+  marshall(stamp) {
+    const argval = this._argval || NO_PARAMS,
+      argops = this._argops;
+    let item, i, op, mod;
+    if (argops) {
+      const n = argops.length;
+      for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        item = argops[i];
+        op = item.op;
+        mod = op.modified() && op.stamp === stamp;
+        argval.set(item.name, item.index, op.value, mod);
+      }
+      if (argops.initonly) {
+        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+          item = argops[i];
+          item.op.targets().remove(this);
+        }
+        this._argops = null;
+        this._update = null;
+      }
+    }
+    return argval;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Detach this operator from the dataflow.
+   * Unregisters listeners on upstream dependencies.
+   */
+  detach() {
+    const argops = this._argops;
+    let i, n, item, op;
+    if (argops) {
+      for (i = 0, n = argops.length; i < n; ++i) {
+        item = argops[i];
+        op = item.op;
+        if (op._targets) {
+          op._targets.remove(this);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // remove references to the source and pulse object,
+    // if present, to prevent memory leaks of old data.
+    this.pulse = null;
+    this.source = null;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Delegate method to perform operator processing.
+   * Subclasses can override this method to perform custom processing.
+   * By default, it marshalls parameters and calls the update function
+   * if that function is defined. If the update function does not
+   * change the operator value then StopPropagation is returned.
+   * If no update function is defined, this method does nothing.
+   * @param {Pulse} pulse - the current dataflow pulse.
+   * @return The output pulse or StopPropagation. A falsy return value
+   *   (including undefined) will let the input pulse pass through.
+   */
+  evaluate(pulse) {
+    const update = this._update;
+    if (update) {
+      const params = this.marshall(pulse.stamp),
+        v = update.call(this, params, pulse);
+      params.clear();
+      if (v !== this.value) {
+        this.value = v;
+      } else if (!this.modified()) {
+        return pulse.StopPropagation;
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  /**
+   * Run this operator for the current pulse. If this operator has already
+   * been run at (or after) the pulse timestamp, returns StopPropagation.
+   * Internally, this method calls {@link evaluate} to perform processing.
+   * If {@link evaluate} returns a falsy value, the input pulse is returned.
+   * This method should NOT be overridden, instead overrride {@link evaluate}.
+   * @param {Pulse} pulse - the current dataflow pulse.
+   * @return the output pulse for this operator (or StopPropagation)
+   */
+  run(pulse) {
+    if (pulse.stamp < this.stamp) return pulse.StopPropagation;
+    let rv;
+    if (this.skip()) {
+      this.skip(false);
+      rv = 0;
+    } else {
+      rv = this.evaluate(pulse);
+    }
+    return this.pulse = rv || pulse;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Add an operator to the dataflow graph. This function accepts a
+ * variety of input argument types. The basic signature supports an
+ * initial value, update function and parameters. If the first parameter
+ * is an Operator instance, it will be added directly. If it is a
+ * constructor for an Operator subclass, a new instance will be instantiated.
+ * Otherwise, if the first parameter is a function instance, it will be used
+ * as the update function and a null initial value is assumed.
+ * @param {*} init - One of: the operator to add, the initial value of
+ *   the operator, an operator class to instantiate, or an update function.
+ * @param {function} [update] - The operator update function.
+ * @param {object} [params] - The operator parameters.
+ * @param {boolean} [react=true] - Flag indicating if this operator should
+ *   listen for changes to upstream operators included as parameters.
+ * @return {Operator} - The added operator.
+ */
+function add (init, update, params, react) {
+  let shift = 1,
+    op;
+  if (init instanceof Operator) {
+    op = init;
+  } else if (init && init.prototype instanceof Operator) {
+    op = new init();
+  } else if (vegaUtil.isFunction(init)) {
+    op = new Operator(null, init);
+  } else {
+    shift = 0;
+    op = new Operator(init, update);
+  }
+  this.rank(op);
+  if (shift) {
+    react = params;
+    params = update;
+  }
+  if (params) this.connect(op, op.parameters(params, react));
+  this.touch(op);
+  return op;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Connect a target operator as a dependent of source operators.
+ * If necessary, this method will rerank the target operator and its
+ * dependents to ensure propagation proceeds in a topologically sorted order.
+ * @param {Operator} target - The target operator.
+ * @param {Array<Operator>} - The source operators that should propagate
+ *   to the target operator.
+ */
+function connect (target, sources) {
+  const targetRank = target.rank,
+    n = sources.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    if (targetRank < sources[i].rank) {
+      this.rerank(target);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+let STREAM_ID = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Models an event stream.
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {function(Object, number): boolean} [filter] - Filter predicate.
+ *   Events pass through when truthy, events are suppressed when falsy.
+ * @param {function(Object): *} [apply] - Applied to input events to produce
+ *   new event values.
+ * @param {function(Object)} [receive] - Event callback function to invoke
+ *   upon receipt of a new event. Use to override standard event processing.
+ */
+function EventStream(filter, apply, receive) {
+  this.id = ++STREAM_ID;
+  this.value = null;
+  if (receive) this.receive = receive;
+  if (filter) this._filter = filter;
+  if (apply) this._apply = apply;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new event stream instance with the provided
+ * (optional) filter, apply and receive functions.
+ * @param {function(Object, number): boolean} [filter] - Filter predicate.
+ *   Events pass through when truthy, events are suppressed when falsy.
+ * @param {function(Object): *} [apply] - Applied to input events to produce
+ *   new event values.
+ * @see EventStream
+ */
+function stream(filter, apply, receive) {
+  return new EventStream(filter, apply, receive);
+}
+EventStream.prototype = {
+  _filter: vegaUtil.truthy,
+  _apply: vegaUtil.identity,
+  targets() {
+    return this._targets || (this._targets = UniqueList(vegaUtil.id));
+  },
+  consume(_) {
+    if (!arguments.length) return !!this._consume;
+    this._consume = !!_;
+    return this;
+  },
+  receive(evt) {
+    if (this._filter(evt)) {
+      const val = this.value = this._apply(evt),
+        trg = this._targets,
+        n = trg ? trg.length : 0;
+      for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) trg[i].receive(val);
+      if (this._consume) {
+        evt.preventDefault();
+        evt.stopPropagation();
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  filter(filter) {
+    const s = stream(filter);
+    this.targets().add(s);
+    return s;
+  },
+  apply(apply) {
+    const s = stream(null, apply);
+    this.targets().add(s);
+    return s;
+  },
+  merge() {
+    const s = stream();
+    this.targets().add(s);
+    for (let i = 0, n = arguments.length; i < n; ++i) {
+      arguments[i].targets().add(s);
+    }
+    return s;
+  },
+  throttle(pause) {
+    let t = -1;
+    return this.filter(() => {
+      const now = Date.now();
+      if (now - t > pause) {
+        t = now;
+        return 1;
+      } else {
+        return 0;
+      }
+    });
+  },
+  debounce(delay) {
+    const s = stream();
+    this.targets().add(stream(null, null, vegaUtil.debounce(delay, e => {
+      const df = e.dataflow;
+      s.receive(e);
+      if (df && df.run) df.run();
+    })));
+    return s;
+  },
+  between(a, b) {
+    let active = false;
+    a.targets().add(stream(null, null, () => active = true));
+    b.targets().add(stream(null, null, () => active = false));
+    return this.filter(() => active);
+  },
+  detach() {
+    // ensures compatibility with operators (#2753)
+    // remove references to other streams and filter functions that may
+    // be bound to subcontexts that need to be garbage collected.
+    this._filter = vegaUtil.truthy;
+    this._targets = null;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Create a new event stream from an event source.
+ * @param {object} source - The event source to monitor. The input must
+ *  support the addEventListener method.
+ * @param {string} type - The event type.
+ * @param {function(object): boolean} [filter] - Event filter function.
+ * @param {function(object): *} [apply] - Event application function.
+ *   If provided, this function will be invoked and the result will be
+ *   used as the downstream event value.
+ * @return {EventStream}
+ */
+function events (source, type, filter, apply) {
+  const df = this,
+    s = stream(filter, apply),
+    send = function (e) {
+      e.dataflow = df;
+      try {
+        s.receive(e);
+      } catch (error) {
+        df.error(error);
+      } finally {
+        df.run();
+      }
+    };
+  let sources;
+  if (typeof source === 'string' && typeof document !== 'undefined') {
+    sources = document.querySelectorAll(source);
+  } else {
+    sources = vegaUtil.array(source);
+  }
+  const n = sources.length;
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    sources[i].addEventListener(type, send);
+  }
+  return s;
+}
+
+function parse(data, format) {
+  const locale = this.locale();
+  return vegaLoader_browser.read(data, format, locale.timeParse, locale.utcParse);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Ingests new data into the dataflow. First parses the data using the
+ * vega-loader read method, then pulses a changeset to the target operator.
+ * @param {Operator} target - The Operator to target with ingested data,
+ *   typically a Collect transform instance.
+ * @param {*} data - The input data, prior to parsing. For JSON this may
+ *   be a string or an object. For CSV, TSV, etc should be a string.
+ * @param {object} format - The data format description for parsing
+ *   loaded data. This object is passed to the vega-loader read method.
+ * @returns {Dataflow}
+ */
+function ingest(target, data, format) {
+  data = this.parse(data, format);
+  return this.pulse(target, this.changeset().insert(data));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Request data from an external source, parse it, and return a Promise.
+ * @param {string} url - The URL from which to load the data. This string
+ *   is passed to the vega-loader load method.
+ * @param {object} [format] - The data format description for parsing
+ *   loaded data. This object is passed to the vega-loader read method.
+ * @return {Promise} A Promise that resolves upon completion of the request.
+ *   The resolved object contains the following properties:
+ *   - data: an array of parsed data (or null upon error)
+ *   - status: a code for success (0), load fail (-1), or parse fail (-2)
+ */
+async function request(url, format) {
+  const df = this;
+  let status = 0,
+    data;
+  try {
+    data = await df.loader().load(url, {
+      context: 'dataflow',
+      response: vegaLoader_browser.responseType(format && format.type)
+    });
+    try {
+      data = df.parse(data, format);
+    } catch (err) {
+      status = -2;
+      df.warn('Data ingestion failed', url, err);
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    status = -1;
+    df.warn('Loading failed', url, err);
+  }
+  return {
+    data,
+    status
+  };
+}
+async function preload(target, url, format) {
+  const df = this,
+    pending = df._pending || loadPending(df);
+  pending.requests += 1;
+  const res = await df.request(url, format);
+  df.pulse(target, df.changeset().remove(vegaUtil.truthy).insert(res.data || []));
+  pending.done();
+  return res;
+}
+function loadPending(df) {
+  let accept;
+  const pending = new Promise(a => accept = a);
+  pending.requests = 0;
+  pending.done = () => {
+    if (--pending.requests === 0) {
+      df._pending = null;
+      accept(df);
+    }
+  };
+  return df._pending = pending;
+}
+
+const SKIP = {
+  skip: true
+};
+
+/**
+ * Perform operator updates in response to events. Applies an
+ * update function to compute a new operator value. If the update function
+ * returns a {@link ChangeSet}, the operator will be pulsed with those tuple
+ * changes. Otherwise, the operator value will be updated to the return value.
+ * @param {EventStream|Operator} source - The event source to react to.
+ *   This argument can be either an EventStream or an Operator.
+ * @param {Operator|function(object):Operator} target - The operator to update.
+ *   This argument can either be an Operator instance or (if the source
+ *   argument is an EventStream), a function that accepts an event object as
+ *   input and returns an Operator to target.
+ * @param {function(Parameters,Event): *} [update] - Optional update function
+ *   to compute the new operator value, or a literal value to set. Update
+ *   functions expect to receive a parameter object and event as arguments.
+ *   This function can either return a new operator value or (if the source
+ *   argument is an EventStream) a {@link ChangeSet} instance to pulse
+ *   the target operator with tuple changes.
+ * @param {object} [params] - The update function parameters.
+ * @param {object} [options] - Additional options hash. If not overridden,
+ *   updated operators will be skipped by default.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.skip] - If true, the operator will
+ *  be skipped: it will not be evaluated, but its dependents will be.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force] - If true, the operator will
+ *   be re-evaluated even if its value has not changed.
+ * @return {Dataflow}
+ */
+function on (source, target, update, params, options) {
+  const fn = source instanceof Operator ? onOperator : onStream;
+  fn(this, source, target, update, params, options);
+  return this;
+}
+function onStream(df, stream, target, update, params, options) {
+  const opt = vegaUtil.extend({}, options, SKIP);
+  let func, op;
+  if (!vegaUtil.isFunction(target)) target = vegaUtil.constant(target);
+  if (update === undefined) {
+    func = e => df.touch(target(e));
+  } else if (vegaUtil.isFunction(update)) {
+    op = new Operator(null, update, params, false);
+    func = e => {
+      op.evaluate(e);
+      const t = target(e),
+        v = op.value;
+      isChangeSet(v) ? df.pulse(t, v, options) : df.update(t, v, opt);
+    };
+  } else {
+    func = e => df.update(target(e), update, opt);
+  }
+  stream.apply(func);
+}
+function onOperator(df, source, target, update, params, options) {
+  if (update === undefined) {
+    source.targets().add(target);
+  } else {
+    const opt = options || {},
+      op = new Operator(null, updater(target, update), params, false);
+    op.modified(opt.force);
+    op.rank = source.rank; // immediately follow source
+    source.targets().add(op); // add dependency
+
+    if (target) {
+      op.skip(true); // skip first invocation
+      op.value = target.value; // initialize value
+      op.targets().add(target); // chain dependencies
+      df.connect(target, [op]); // rerank as needed, #1672
+    }
+  }
+}
+function updater(target, update) {
+  update = vegaUtil.isFunction(update) ? update : vegaUtil.constant(update);
+  return target ? function (_, pulse) {
+    const value = update(_, pulse);
+    if (!target.skip()) {
+      target.skip(value !== this.value).value = value;
+    }
+    return value;
+  } : update;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Assigns a rank to an operator. Ranks are assigned in increasing order
+ * by incrementing an internal rank counter.
+ * @param {Operator} op - The operator to assign a rank.
+ */
+function rank(op) {
+  op.rank = ++this._rank;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Re-ranks an operator and all downstream target dependencies. This
+ * is necessary when upstream dependencies of higher rank are added to
+ * a target operator.
+ * @param {Operator} op - The operator to re-rank.
+ */
+function rerank(op) {
+  const queue = [op];
+  let cur, list, i;
+  while (queue.length) {
+    this.rank(cur = queue.pop());
+    if (list = cur._targets) {
+      for (i = list.length; --i >= 0;) {
+        queue.push(cur = list[i]);
+        if (cur === op) vegaUtil.error('Cycle detected in dataflow graph.');
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sentinel value indicating pulse propagation should stop.
+ */
+const StopPropagation = {};
+
+// Pulse visit type flags
+const ADD = 1 << 0,
+  REM = 1 << 1,
+  MOD = 1 << 2,
+  ADD_REM = ADD | REM,
+  ADD_MOD = ADD | MOD,
+  ALL = ADD | REM | MOD,
+  REFLOW = 1 << 3,
+  SOURCE = 1 << 4,
+  NO_SOURCE = 1 << 5,
+  NO_FIELDS = 1 << 6;
+
+/**
+ * A Pulse enables inter-operator communication during a run of the
+ * dataflow graph. In addition to the current timestamp, a pulse may also
+ * contain a change-set of added, removed or modified data tuples, as well as
+ * a pointer to a full backing data source. Tuple change sets may not
+ * be fully materialized; for example, to prevent needless array creation
+ * a change set may include larger arrays and corresponding filter functions.
+ * The pulse provides a {@link visit} method to enable proper and efficient
+ * iteration over requested data tuples.
+ *
+ * In addition, each pulse can track modification flags for data tuple fields.
+ * Responsible transform operators should call the {@link modifies} method to
+ * indicate changes to data fields. The {@link modified} method enables
+ * querying of this modification state.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {Dataflow} dataflow - The backing dataflow instance.
+ * @param {number} stamp - The current propagation timestamp.
+ * @param {string} [encode] - An optional encoding set name, which is then
+ *   accessible as Pulse.encode. Operators can respond to (or ignore) this
+ *   setting as appropriate. This parameter can be used in conjunction with
+ *   the Encode transform in the vega-encode module.
+ */
+function Pulse(dataflow, stamp, encode) {
+  this.dataflow = dataflow;
+  this.stamp = stamp == null ? -1 : stamp;
+  this.add = [];
+  this.rem = [];
+  this.mod = [];
+  this.fields = null;
+  this.encode = encode || null;
+}
+function materialize(data, filter) {
+  const out = [];
+  vegaUtil.visitArray(data, filter, _ => out.push(_));
+  return out;
+}
+function filter(pulse, flags) {
+  const map = {};
+  pulse.visit(flags, t => {
+    map[tupleid(t)] = 1;
+  });
+  return t => map[tupleid(t)] ? null : t;
+}
+function addFilter(a, b) {
+  return a ? (t, i) => a(t, i) && b(t, i) : b;
+}
+Pulse.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * Sentinel value indicating pulse propagation should stop.
+   */
+  StopPropagation,
+  /**
+   * Boolean flag indicating ADD (added) tuples.
+   */
+  ADD,
+  /**
+   * Boolean flag indicating REM (removed) tuples.
+   */
+  REM,
+  /**
+   * Boolean flag indicating MOD (modified) tuples.
+   */
+  MOD,
+  /**
+   * Boolean flag indicating ADD (added) and REM (removed) tuples.
+   */
+  ADD_REM,
+  /**
+   * Boolean flag indicating ADD (added) and MOD (modified) tuples.
+   */
+  ADD_MOD,
+  /**
+   * Boolean flag indicating ADD, REM and MOD tuples.
+   */
+  ALL,
+  /**
+   * Boolean flag indicating all tuples in a data source
+   * except for the ADD, REM and MOD tuples.
+   */
+  REFLOW,
+  /**
+   * Boolean flag indicating a 'pass-through' to a
+   * backing data source, ignoring ADD, REM and MOD tuples.
+   */
+  SOURCE,
+  /**
+   * Boolean flag indicating that source data should be
+   * suppressed when creating a forked pulse.
+   */
+  NO_SOURCE,
+  /**
+   * Boolean flag indicating that field modifications should be
+   * suppressed when creating a forked pulse.
+   */
+  NO_FIELDS,
+  /**
+   * Creates a new pulse based on the values of this pulse.
+   * The dataflow, time stamp and field modification values are copied over.
+   * By default, new empty ADD, REM and MOD arrays are created.
+   * @param {number} flags - Integer of boolean flags indicating which (if any)
+   *   tuple arrays should be copied to the new pulse. The supported flag values
+   *   are ADD, REM and MOD. Array references are copied directly: new array
+   *   instances are not created.
+   * @return {Pulse} - The forked pulse instance.
+   * @see init
+   */
+  fork(flags) {
+    return new Pulse(this.dataflow).init(this, flags);
+  },
+  /**
+   * Creates a copy of this pulse with new materialized array
+   * instances for the ADD, REM, MOD, and SOURCE arrays.
+   * The dataflow, time stamp and field modification values are copied over.
+   * @return {Pulse} - The cloned pulse instance.
+   * @see init
+   */
+  clone() {
+    const p = this.fork(ALL);
+    p.add = p.add.slice();
+    p.rem = p.rem.slice();
+    p.mod = p.mod.slice();
+    if (p.source) p.source = p.source.slice();
+    return p.materialize(ALL | SOURCE);
+  },
+  /**
+   * Returns a pulse that adds all tuples from a backing source. This is
+   * useful for cases where operators are added to a dataflow after an
+   * upstream data pipeline has already been processed, ensuring that
+   * new operators can observe all tuples within a stream.
+   * @return {Pulse} - A pulse instance with all source tuples included
+   *   in the add array. If the current pulse already has all source
+   *   tuples in its add array, it is returned directly. If the current
+   *   pulse does not have a backing source, it is returned directly.
+   */
+  addAll() {
+    let p = this;
+    const reuse = !p.source || p.add === p.rem // special case for indexed set (e.g., crossfilter)
+    || !p.rem.length && p.source.length === p.add.length;
+    if (reuse) {
+      return p;
+    } else {
+      p = new Pulse(this.dataflow).init(this);
+      p.add = p.source;
+      p.rem = []; // new operators can ignore rem #2769
+      return p;
+    }
+  },
+  /**
+   * Initialize this pulse based on the values of another pulse. This method
+   * is used internally by {@link fork} to initialize a new forked tuple.
+   * The dataflow, time stamp and field modification values are copied over.
+   * By default, new empty ADD, REM and MOD arrays are created.
+   * @param {Pulse} src - The source pulse to copy from.
+   * @param {number} flags - Integer of boolean flags indicating which (if any)
+   *   tuple arrays should be copied to the new pulse. The supported flag values
+   *   are ADD, REM and MOD. Array references are copied directly: new array
+   *   instances are not created. By default, source data arrays are copied
+   *   to the new pulse. Use the NO_SOURCE flag to enforce a null source.
+   * @return {Pulse} - Returns this Pulse instance.
+   */
+  init(src, flags) {
+    const p = this;
+    p.stamp = src.stamp;
+    p.encode = src.encode;
+    if (src.fields && !(flags & NO_FIELDS)) {
+      p.fields = src.fields;
+    }
+    if (flags & ADD) {
+      p.addF = src.addF;
+      p.add = src.add;
+    } else {
+      p.addF = null;
+      p.add = [];
+    }
+    if (flags & REM) {
+      p.remF = src.remF;
+      p.rem = src.rem;
+    } else {
+      p.remF = null;
+      p.rem = [];
+    }
+    if (flags & MOD) {
+      p.modF = src.modF;
+      p.mod = src.mod;
+    } else {
+      p.modF = null;
+      p.mod = [];
+    }
+    if (flags & NO_SOURCE) {
+      p.srcF = null;
+      p.source = null;
+    } else {
+      p.srcF = src.srcF;
+      p.source = src.source;
+      if (src.cleans) p.cleans = src.cleans;
+    }
+    return p;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Schedules a function to run after pulse propagation completes.
+   * @param {function} func - The function to run.
+   */
+  runAfter(func) {
+    this.dataflow.runAfter(func);
+  },
+  /**
+   * Indicates if tuples have been added, removed or modified.
+   * @param {number} [flags] - The tuple types (ADD, REM or MOD) to query.
+   *   Defaults to ALL, returning true if any tuple type has changed.
+   * @return {boolean} - Returns true if one or more queried tuple types have
+   *   changed, false otherwise.
+   */
+  changed(flags) {
+    const f = flags || ALL;
+    return f & ADD && this.add.length || f & REM && this.rem.length || f & MOD && this.mod.length;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Forces a "reflow" of tuple values, such that all tuples in the backing
+   * source are added to the MOD set, unless already present in the ADD set.
+   * @param {boolean} [fork=false] - If true, returns a forked copy of this
+   *   pulse, and invokes reflow on that derived pulse.
+   * @return {Pulse} - The reflowed pulse instance.
+   */
+  reflow(fork) {
+    if (fork) return this.fork(ALL).reflow();
+    const len = this.add.length,
+      src = this.source && this.source.length;
+    if (src && src !== len) {
+      this.mod = this.source;
+      if (len) this.filter(MOD, filter(this, ADD));
+    }
+    return this;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Get/set metadata to pulse requesting garbage collection
+   * to reclaim currently unused resources.
+   */
+  clean(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      this.cleans = !!value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return this.cleans;
+    }
+  },
+  /**
+   * Marks one or more data field names as modified to assist dependency
+   * tracking and incremental processing by transform operators.
+   * @param {string|Array<string>} _ - The field(s) to mark as modified.
+   * @return {Pulse} - This pulse instance.
+   */
+  modifies(_) {
+    const hash = this.fields || (this.fields = {});
+    if (vegaUtil.isArray(_)) {
+      _.forEach(f => hash[f] = true);
+    } else {
+      hash[_] = true;
+    }
+    return this;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Checks if one or more data fields have been modified during this pulse
+   * propagation timestamp.
+   * @param {string|Array<string>} _ - The field(s) to check for modified.
+   * @param {boolean} nomod - If true, will check the modified flag even if
+   *   no mod tuples exist. If false (default), mod tuples must be present.
+   * @return {boolean} - Returns true if any of the provided fields has been
+   *   marked as modified, false otherwise.
+   */
+  modified(_, nomod) {
+    const fields = this.fields;
+    return !((nomod || this.mod.length) && fields) ? false : !arguments.length ? !!fields : vegaUtil.isArray(_) ? _.some(f => fields[f]) : fields[_];
+  },
+  /**
+   * Adds a filter function to one more tuple sets. Filters are applied to
+   * backing tuple arrays, to determine the actual set of tuples considered
+   * added, removed or modified. They can be used to delay materialization of
+   * a tuple set in order to avoid expensive array copies. In addition, the
+   * filter functions can serve as value transformers: unlike standard predicate
+   * function (which return boolean values), Pulse filters should return the
+   * actual tuple value to process. If a tuple set is already filtered, the
+   * new filter function will be appended into a conjuntive ('and') query.
+   * @param {number} flags - Flags indicating the tuple set(s) to filter.
+   * @param {function(*):object} filter - Filter function that will be applied
+   *   to the tuple set array, and should return a data tuple if the value
+   *   should be included in the tuple set, and falsy (or null) otherwise.
+   * @return {Pulse} - Returns this pulse instance.
+   */
+  filter(flags, filter) {
+    const p = this;
+    if (flags & ADD) p.addF = addFilter(p.addF, filter);
+    if (flags & REM) p.remF = addFilter(p.remF, filter);
+    if (flags & MOD) p.modF = addFilter(p.modF, filter);
+    if (flags & SOURCE) p.srcF = addFilter(p.srcF, filter);
+    return p;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Materialize one or more tuple sets in this pulse. If the tuple set(s) have
+   * a registered filter function, it will be applied and the tuple set(s) will
+   * be replaced with materialized tuple arrays.
+   * @param {number} flags - Flags indicating the tuple set(s) to materialize.
+   * @return {Pulse} - Returns this pulse instance.
+   */
+  materialize(flags) {
+    flags = flags || ALL;
+    const p = this;
+    if (flags & ADD && p.addF) {
+      p.add = materialize(p.add, p.addF);
+      p.addF = null;
+    }
+    if (flags & REM && p.remF) {
+      p.rem = materialize(p.rem, p.remF);
+      p.remF = null;
+    }
+    if (flags & MOD && p.modF) {
+      p.mod = materialize(p.mod, p.modF);
+      p.modF = null;
+    }
+    if (flags & SOURCE && p.srcF) {
+      p.source = p.source.filter(p.srcF);
+      p.srcF = null;
+    }
+    return p;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Visit one or more tuple sets in this pulse.
+   * @param {number} flags - Flags indicating the tuple set(s) to visit.
+   *   Legal values are ADD, REM, MOD and SOURCE (if a backing data source
+   *   has been set).
+   * @param {function(object):*} - Visitor function invoked per-tuple.
+   * @return {Pulse} - Returns this pulse instance.
+   */
+  visit(flags, visitor) {
+    const p = this,
+      v = visitor;
+    if (flags & SOURCE) {
+      vegaUtil.visitArray(p.source, p.srcF, v);
+      return p;
+    }
+    if (flags & ADD) vegaUtil.visitArray(p.add, p.addF, v);
+    if (flags & REM) vegaUtil.visitArray(p.rem, p.remF, v);
+    if (flags & MOD) vegaUtil.visitArray(p.mod, p.modF, v);
+    const src = p.source;
+    if (flags & REFLOW && src) {
+      const sum = p.add.length + p.mod.length;
+      if (sum === src.length) ; else if (sum) {
+        vegaUtil.visitArray(src, filter(p, ADD_MOD), v);
+      } else {
+        // if no add/rem/mod tuples, visit source
+        vegaUtil.visitArray(src, p.srcF, v);
+      }
+    }
+    return p;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Represents a set of multiple pulses. Used as input for operators
+ * that accept multiple pulses at a time. Contained pulses are
+ * accessible via the public "pulses" array property. This pulse doe
+ * not carry added, removed or modified tuples directly. However,
+ * the visit method can be used to traverse all such tuples contained
+ * in sub-pulses with a timestamp matching this parent multi-pulse.
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {Dataflow} dataflow - The backing dataflow instance.
+ * @param {number} stamp - The timestamp.
+ * @param {Array<Pulse>} pulses - The sub-pulses for this multi-pulse.
+ */
+function MultiPulse(dataflow, stamp, pulses, encode) {
+  const p = this;
+  let c = 0;
+  this.dataflow = dataflow;
+  this.stamp = stamp;
+  this.fields = null;
+  this.encode = encode || null;
+  this.pulses = pulses;
+  for (const pulse of pulses) {
+    if (pulse.stamp !== stamp) continue;
+    if (pulse.fields) {
+      const hash = p.fields || (p.fields = {});
+      for (const f in pulse.fields) {
+        hash[f] = 1;
+      }
+    }
+    if (pulse.changed(p.ADD)) c |= p.ADD;
+    if (pulse.changed(p.REM)) c |= p.REM;
+    if (pulse.changed(p.MOD)) c |= p.MOD;
+  }
+  this.changes = c;
+}
+vegaUtil.inherits(MultiPulse, Pulse, {
+  /**
+   * Creates a new pulse based on the values of this pulse.
+   * The dataflow, time stamp and field modification values are copied over.
+   * @return {Pulse}
+   */
+  fork(flags) {
+    const p = new Pulse(this.dataflow).init(this, flags & this.NO_FIELDS);
+    if (flags !== undefined) {
+      if (flags & p.ADD) this.visit(p.ADD, t => p.add.push(t));
+      if (flags & p.REM) this.visit(p.REM, t => p.rem.push(t));
+      if (flags & p.MOD) this.visit(p.MOD, t => p.mod.push(t));
+    }
+    return p;
+  },
+  changed(flags) {
+    return this.changes & flags;
+  },
+  modified(_) {
+    const p = this,
+      fields = p.fields;
+    return !(fields && p.changes & p.MOD) ? 0 : vegaUtil.isArray(_) ? _.some(f => fields[f]) : fields[_];
+  },
+  filter() {
+    vegaUtil.error('MultiPulse does not support filtering.');
+  },
+  materialize() {
+    vegaUtil.error('MultiPulse does not support materialization.');
+  },
+  visit(flags, visitor) {
+    const p = this,
+      pulses = p.pulses,
+      n = pulses.length;
+    let i = 0;
+    if (flags & p.SOURCE) {
+      for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        pulses[i].visit(flags, visitor);
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        if (pulses[i].stamp === p.stamp) {
+          pulses[i].visit(flags, visitor);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return p;
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Evaluates the dataflow and returns a Promise that resolves when pulse
+ * propagation completes. This method will increment the current timestamp
+ * and process all updated, pulsed and touched operators. When invoked for
+ * the first time, all registered operators will be processed. This method
+ * should not be invoked by third-party clients, use {@link runAsync} or
+ * {@link run} instead.
+ * @param {string} [encode] - The name of an encoding set to invoke during
+ *   propagation. This value is added to generated Pulse instances;
+ *   operators can then respond to (or ignore) this setting as appropriate.
+ *   This parameter can be used in conjunction with the Encode transform in
+ *   the vega-encode package.
+ * @param {function} [prerun] - An optional callback function to invoke
+ *   immediately before dataflow evaluation commences.
+ * @param {function} [postrun] - An optional callback function to invoke
+ *   after dataflow evaluation completes. The callback will be invoked
+ *   after those registered via {@link runAfter}.
+ * @return {Promise} - A promise that resolves to this dataflow after
+ *   evaluation completes.
+ */
+async function evaluate(encode, prerun, postrun) {
+  const df = this,
+    async = [];
+
+  // if the pulse value is set, this is a re-entrant call
+  if (df._pulse) return reentrant(df);
+
+  // wait for pending datasets to load
+  if (df._pending) await df._pending;
+
+  // invoke prerun function, if provided
+  if (prerun) await asyncCallback(df, prerun);
+
+  // exit early if there are no updates
+  if (!df._touched.length) {
+    df.debug('Dataflow invoked, but nothing to do.');
+    return df;
+  }
+
+  // increment timestamp clock
+  const stamp = ++df._clock;
+
+  // set the current pulse
+  df._pulse = new Pulse(df, stamp, encode);
+
+  // initialize priority queue, reset touched operators
+  df._touched.forEach(op => df._enqueue(op, true));
+  df._touched = UniqueList(vegaUtil.id);
+  let count = 0,
+    op,
+    next,
+    error;
+  try {
+    while (df._heap.size() > 0) {
+      // dequeue operator with highest priority
+      op = df._heap.pop();
+
+      // re-queue if rank changed
+      if (op.rank !== op.qrank) {
+        df._enqueue(op, true);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // otherwise, evaluate the operator
+      next = op.run(df._getPulse(op, encode));
+      if (next.then) {
+        // await if operator returns a promise directly
+        next = await next;
+      } else if (next.async) {
+        // queue parallel asynchronous execution
+        async.push(next.async);
+        next = StopPropagation;
+      }
+
+      // propagate evaluation, enqueue dependent operators
+      if (next !== StopPropagation) {
+        if (op._targets) op._targets.forEach(op => df._enqueue(op));
+      }
+
+      // increment visit counter
+      ++count;
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    df._heap.clear();
+    error = err;
+  }
+
+  // reset pulse map
+  df._input = {};
+  df._pulse = null;
+  df.debug(`Pulse ${stamp}: ${count} operators`);
+  if (error) {
+    df._postrun = [];
+    df.error(error);
+  }
+
+  // invoke callbacks queued via runAfter
+  if (df._postrun.length) {
+    const pr = df._postrun.sort((a, b) => b.priority - a.priority);
+    df._postrun = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < pr.length; ++i) {
+      await asyncCallback(df, pr[i].callback);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // invoke postrun function, if provided
+  if (postrun) await asyncCallback(df, postrun);
+
+  // handle non-blocking asynchronous callbacks
+  if (async.length) {
+    Promise.all(async).then(cb => df.runAsync(null, () => {
+      cb.forEach(f => {
+        try {
+          f(df);
+        } catch (err) {
+          df.error(err);
+        }
+      });
+    }));
+  }
+  return df;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Queues dataflow evaluation to run once any other queued evaluations have
+ * completed and returns a Promise that resolves when the queued pulse
+ * propagation completes. If provided, a callback function will be invoked
+ * immediately before evaluation commences. This method will ensure a
+ * separate evaluation is invoked for each time it is called.
+ * @param {string} [encode] - The name of an encoding set to invoke during
+ *   propagation. This value is added to generated Pulse instances;
+ *   operators can then respond to (or ignore) this setting as appropriate.
+ *   This parameter can be used in conjunction with the Encode transform in
+ *   the vega-encode package.
+ * @param {function} [prerun] - An optional callback function to invoke
+ *   immediately before dataflow evaluation commences.
+ * @param {function} [postrun] - An optional callback function to invoke
+ *   after dataflow evaluation completes. The callback will be invoked
+ *   after those registered via {@link runAfter}.
+ * @return {Promise} - A promise that resolves to this dataflow after
+ *   evaluation completes.
+ */
+async function runAsync(encode, prerun, postrun) {
+  // await previously queued functions
+  while (this._running) await this._running;
+
+  // run dataflow, manage running promise
+  const clear = () => this._running = null;
+  (this._running = this.evaluate(encode, prerun, postrun)).then(clear, clear);
+  return this._running;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Requests dataflow evaluation and the immediately returns this dataflow
+ * instance. If there are pending data loading or other asynchronous
+ * operations, the dataflow will evaluate asynchronously after this method
+ * has been invoked. To track when dataflow evaluation completes, use the
+ * {@link runAsync} method instead. This method will raise an error if
+ * invoked while the dataflow is already in the midst of evaluation.
+ * @param {string} [encode] - The name of an encoding set to invoke during
+ *   propagation. This value is added to generated Pulse instances;
+ *   operators can then respond to (or ignore) this setting as appropriate.
+ *   This parameter can be used in conjunction with the Encode transform in
+ *   the vega-encode module.
+ * @param {function} [prerun] - An optional callback function to invoke
+ *   immediately before dataflow evaluation commences.
+ * @param {function} [postrun] - An optional callback function to invoke
+ *   after dataflow evaluation completes. The callback will be invoked
+ *   after those registered via {@link runAfter}.
+ * @return {Dataflow} - This dataflow instance.
+ */
+function run(encode, prerun, postrun) {
+  return this._pulse ? reentrant(this) : (this.evaluate(encode, prerun, postrun), this);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Schedules a callback function to be invoked after the current pulse
+ * propagation completes. If no propagation is currently occurring,
+ * the function is invoked immediately. Callbacks scheduled via runAfter
+ * are invoked immediately upon completion of the current cycle, before
+ * any request queued via runAsync. This method is primarily intended for
+ * internal use. Third-party callers using runAfter to schedule a callback
+ * that invokes {@link run} or {@link runAsync} should not use this method,
+ * but instead use {@link runAsync} with prerun or postrun arguments.
+ * @param {function(Dataflow)} callback - The callback function to run.
+ *   The callback will be invoked with this Dataflow instance as its
+ *   sole argument.
+ * @param {boolean} enqueue - A boolean flag indicating that the
+ *   callback should be queued up to run after the next propagation
+ *   cycle, suppressing immediate invocation when propagation is not
+ *   currently occurring.
+ * @param {number} [priority] - A priority value used to sort registered
+ *   callbacks to determine execution order. This argument is intended
+ *   for internal Vega use only.
+ */
+function runAfter(callback, enqueue, priority) {
+  if (this._pulse || enqueue) {
+    // pulse propagation is currently running, queue to run after
+    this._postrun.push({
+      priority: priority || 0,
+      callback: callback
+    });
+  } else {
+    // pulse propagation already complete, invoke immediately
+    try {
+      callback(this);
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.error(err);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Raise an error for re-entrant dataflow evaluation.
+ */
+function reentrant(df) {
+  df.error('Dataflow already running. Use runAsync() to chain invocations.');
+  return df;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Enqueue an operator into the priority queue for evaluation. The operator
+ * will be enqueued if it has no registered pulse for the current cycle, or if
+ * the force argument is true. Upon enqueue, this method also sets the
+ * operator's qrank to the current rank value.
+ * @param {Operator} op - The operator to enqueue.
+ * @param {boolean} [force] - A flag indicating if the operator should be
+ *   forceably added to the queue, even if it has already been previously
+ *   enqueued during the current pulse propagation. This is useful when the
+ *   dataflow graph is dynamically modified and the operator rank changes.
+ */
+function enqueue(op, force) {
+  const q = op.stamp < this._clock;
+  if (q) op.stamp = this._clock;
+  if (q || force) {
+    op.qrank = op.rank;
+    this._heap.push(op);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Provide a correct pulse for evaluating an operator. If the operator has an
+ * explicit source operator, we will try to pull the pulse(s) from it.
+ * If there is an array of source operators, we build a multi-pulse.
+ * Otherwise, we return a current pulse with correct source data.
+ * If the pulse is the pulse map has an explicit target set, we use that.
+ * Else if the pulse on the upstream source operator is current, we use that.
+ * Else we use the pulse from the pulse map, but copy the source tuple array.
+ * @param {Operator} op - The operator for which to get an input pulse.
+ * @param {string} [encode] - An (optional) encoding set name with which to
+ *   annotate the returned pulse. See {@link run} for more information.
+ */
+function getPulse(op, encode) {
+  const s = op.source,
+    stamp = this._clock;
+  return s && vegaUtil.isArray(s) ? new MultiPulse(this, stamp, s.map(_ => _.pulse), encode) : this._input[op.id] || singlePulse(this._pulse, s && s.pulse);
+}
+function singlePulse(p, s) {
+  if (s && s.stamp === p.stamp) {
+    return s;
+  }
+  p = p.fork();
+  if (s && s !== StopPropagation) {
+    p.source = s.source;
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+
+const NO_OPT = {
+  skip: false,
+  force: false
+};
+
+/**
+ * Touches an operator, scheduling it to be evaluated. If invoked outside of
+ * a pulse propagation, the operator will be evaluated the next time this
+ * dataflow is run. If invoked in the midst of pulse propagation, the operator
+ * will be queued for evaluation if and only if the operator has not yet been
+ * evaluated on the current propagation timestamp.
+ * @param {Operator} op - The operator to touch.
+ * @param {object} [options] - Additional options hash.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.skip] - If true, the operator will
+ *   be skipped: it will not be evaluated, but its dependents will be.
+ * @return {Dataflow}
+ */
+function touch(op, options) {
+  const opt = options || NO_OPT;
+  if (this._pulse) {
+    // if in midst of propagation, add to priority queue
+    this._enqueue(op);
+  } else {
+    // otherwise, queue for next propagation
+    this._touched.add(op);
+  }
+  if (opt.skip) op.skip(true);
+  return this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Updates the value of the given operator.
+ * @param {Operator} op - The operator to update.
+ * @param {*} value - The value to set.
+ * @param {object} [options] - Additional options hash.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.force] - If true, the operator will
+ *   be re-evaluated even if its value has not changed.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.skip] - If true, the operator will
+ *   be skipped: it will not be evaluated, but its dependents will be.
+ * @return {Dataflow}
+ */
+function update(op, value, options) {
+  const opt = options || NO_OPT;
+  if (op.set(value) || opt.force) {
+    this.touch(op, opt);
+  }
+  return this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pulses an operator with a changeset of tuples. If invoked outside of
+ * a pulse propagation, the pulse will be applied the next time this
+ * dataflow is run. If invoked in the midst of pulse propagation, the pulse
+ * will be added to the set of active pulses and will be applied if and
+ * only if the target operator has not yet been evaluated on the current
+ * propagation timestamp.
+ * @param {Operator} op - The operator to pulse.
+ * @param {ChangeSet} value - The tuple changeset to apply.
+ * @param {object} [options] - Additional options hash.
+ * @param {boolean} [options.skip] - If true, the operator will
+ *   be skipped: it will not be evaluated, but its dependents will be.
+ * @return {Dataflow}
+ */
+function pulse(op, changeset, options) {
+  this.touch(op, options || NO_OPT);
+  const p = new Pulse(this, this._clock + (this._pulse ? 0 : 1)),
+    t = op.pulse && op.pulse.source || [];
+  p.target = op;
+  this._input[op.id] = changeset.pulse(p, t);
+  return this;
+}
+
+function Heap(cmp) {
+  let nodes = [];
+  return {
+    clear: () => nodes = [],
+    size: () => nodes.length,
+    peek: () => nodes[0],
+    push: x => {
+      nodes.push(x);
+      return siftdown(nodes, 0, nodes.length - 1, cmp);
+    },
+    pop: () => {
+      const last = nodes.pop();
+      let item;
+      if (nodes.length) {
+        item = nodes[0];
+        nodes[0] = last;
+        siftup(nodes, 0, cmp);
+      } else {
+        item = last;
+      }
+      return item;
+    }
+  };
+}
+function siftdown(array, start, idx, cmp) {
+  let parent, pidx;
+  const item = array[idx];
+  while (idx > start) {
+    pidx = idx - 1 >> 1;
+    parent = array[pidx];
+    if (cmp(item, parent) < 0) {
+      array[idx] = parent;
+      idx = pidx;
+      continue;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return array[idx] = item;
+}
+function siftup(array, idx, cmp) {
+  const start = idx,
+    end = array.length,
+    item = array[idx];
+  let cidx = (idx << 1) + 1,
+    ridx;
+  while (cidx < end) {
+    ridx = cidx + 1;
+    if (ridx < end && cmp(array[cidx], array[ridx]) >= 0) {
+      cidx = ridx;
+    }
+    array[idx] = array[cidx];
+    idx = cidx;
+    cidx = (idx << 1) + 1;
+  }
+  array[idx] = item;
+  return siftdown(array, start, idx, cmp);
+}
+
+/**
+ * A dataflow graph for reactive processing of data streams.
+ * @constructor
+ */
+function Dataflow() {
+  this.logger(vegaUtil.logger());
+  this.logLevel(vegaUtil.Error);
+  this._clock = 0;
+  this._rank = 0;
+  this._locale = vegaFormat.defaultLocale();
+  try {
+    this._loader = vegaLoader_browser.loader();
+  } catch (e) {
+    // do nothing if loader module is unavailable
+  }
+  this._touched = UniqueList(vegaUtil.id);
+  this._input = {};
+  this._pulse = null;
+  this._heap = Heap((a, b) => a.qrank - b.qrank);
+  this._postrun = [];
+}
+function logMethod(method) {
+  return function () {
+    return this._log[method].apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+}
+Dataflow.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * The current timestamp of this dataflow. This value reflects the
+   * timestamp of the previous dataflow run. The dataflow is initialized
+   * with a stamp value of 0. The initial run of the dataflow will have
+   * a timestap of 1, and so on. This value will match the
+   * {@link Pulse.stamp} property.
+   * @return {number} - The current timestamp value.
+   */
+  stamp() {
+    return this._clock;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Gets or sets the loader instance to use for data file loading. A
+   * loader object must provide a "load" method for loading files and a
+   * "sanitize" method for checking URL/filename validity. Both methods
+   * should accept a URI and options hash as arguments, and return a Promise
+   * that resolves to the loaded file contents (load) or a hash containing
+   * sanitized URI data with the sanitized url assigned to the "href" property
+   * (sanitize).
+   * @param {object} _ - The loader instance to use.
+   * @return {object|Dataflow} - If no arguments are provided, returns
+   *   the current loader instance. Otherwise returns this Dataflow instance.
+   */
+  loader(_) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      this._loader = _;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return this._loader;
+    }
+  },
+  /**
+   * Gets or sets the locale instance to use for formatting and parsing
+   * string values. The locale object should be provided by the
+   * vega-format library, and include methods such as format, timeFormat,
+   * utcFormat, timeParse, and utcParse.
+   * @param {object} _ - The locale instance to use.
+   * @return {object|Dataflow} - If no arguments are provided, returns
+   *   the current locale instance. Otherwise returns this Dataflow instance.
+   */
+  locale(_) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      this._locale = _;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return this._locale;
+    }
+  },
+  /**
+   * Get or set the logger instance used to log messages. If no arguments are
+   * provided, returns the current logger instance. Otherwise, sets the logger
+   * and return this Dataflow instance. Provided loggers must support the full
+   * API of logger objects generated by the vega-util logger method. Note that
+   * by default the log level of the new logger will be used; use the logLevel
+   * method to adjust the log level as needed.
+   */
+  logger(logger) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      this._log = logger;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return this._log;
+    }
+  },
+  /**
+   * Logs an error message. By default, logged messages are written to console
+   * output. The message will only be logged if the current log level is high
+   * enough to permit error messages.
+   */
+  error: logMethod('error'),
+  /**
+   * Logs a warning message. By default, logged messages are written to console
+   * output. The message will only be logged if the current log level is high
+   * enough to permit warning messages.
+   */
+  warn: logMethod('warn'),
+  /**
+   * Logs a information message. By default, logged messages are written to
+   * console output. The message will only be logged if the current log level is
+   * high enough to permit information messages.
+   */
+  info: logMethod('info'),
+  /**
+   * Logs a debug message. By default, logged messages are written to console
+   * output. The message will only be logged if the current log level is high
+   * enough to permit debug messages.
+   */
+  debug: logMethod('debug'),
+  /**
+   * Get or set the current log level. If an argument is provided, it
+   * will be used as the new log level.
+   * @param {number} [level] - Should be one of None, Warn, Info
+   * @return {number} - The current log level.
+   */
+  logLevel: logMethod('level'),
+  /**
+   * Empty entry threshold for garbage cleaning. Map data structures will
+   * perform cleaning once the number of empty entries exceeds this value.
+   */
+  cleanThreshold: 1e4,
+  // OPERATOR REGISTRATION
+  add,
+  connect,
+  rank,
+  rerank,
+  // OPERATOR UPDATES
+  pulse,
+  touch,
+  update,
+  changeset,
+  // DATA LOADING
+  ingest,
+  parse,
+  preload,
+  request,
+  // EVENT HANDLING
+  events,
+  on,
+  // PULSE PROPAGATION
+  evaluate,
+  run,
+  runAsync,
+  runAfter,
+  _enqueue: enqueue,
+  _getPulse: getPulse
+};
+
+/**
+ * Abstract class for operators that process data tuples.
+ * Subclasses must provide a {@link transform} method for operator processing.
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {*} [init] - The initial value for this operator.
+ * @param {object} [params] - The parameters for this operator.
+ * @param {Operator} [source] - The operator from which to receive pulses.
+ */
+function Transform(init, params) {
+  Operator.call(this, init, null, params);
+}
+vegaUtil.inherits(Transform, Operator, {
+  /**
+   * Overrides {@link Operator.evaluate} for transform operators.
+   * Internally, this method calls {@link evaluate} to perform processing.
+   * If {@link evaluate} returns a falsy value, the input pulse is returned.
+   * This method should NOT be overridden, instead overrride {@link evaluate}.
+   * @param {Pulse} pulse - the current dataflow pulse.
+   * @return the output pulse for this operator (or StopPropagation)
+   */
+  run(pulse) {
+    if (pulse.stamp < this.stamp) return pulse.StopPropagation;
+    let rv;
+    if (this.skip()) {
+      this.skip(false);
+    } else {
+      rv = this.evaluate(pulse);
+    }
+    rv = rv || pulse;
+    if (rv.then) {
+      rv = rv.then(_ => this.pulse = _);
+    } else if (rv !== pulse.StopPropagation) {
+      this.pulse = rv;
+    }
+    return rv;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Overrides {@link Operator.evaluate} for transform operators.
+   * Marshalls parameter values and then invokes {@link transform}.
+   * @param {Pulse} pulse - the current dataflow pulse.
+   * @return {Pulse} The output pulse (or StopPropagation). A falsy return
+       value (including undefined) will let the input pulse pass through.
+  */
+  evaluate(pulse) {
+    const params = this.marshall(pulse.stamp),
+      out = this.transform(params, pulse);
+    params.clear();
+    return out;
+  },
+  /**
+   * Process incoming pulses.
+   * Subclasses should override this method to implement transforms.
+   * @param {Parameters} _ - The operator parameter values.
+   * @param {Pulse} pulse - The current dataflow pulse.
+   * @return {Pulse} The output pulse (or StopPropagation). A falsy return
+   *   value (including undefined) will let the input pulse pass through.
+   */
+  transform() {}
+});
+
+const transforms = {};
+function definition(type) {
+  const t = transform(type);
+  return t && t.Definition || null;
+}
+function transform(type) {
+  type = type && type.toLowerCase();
+  return vegaUtil.hasOwnProperty(transforms, type) ? transforms[type] : null;
+}
+
+exports.Dataflow = Dataflow;
+exports.EventStream = EventStream;
+exports.MultiPulse = MultiPulse;
+exports.Operator = Operator;
+exports.Parameters = Parameters;
+exports.Pulse = Pulse;
+exports.Transform = Transform;
+exports.UniqueList = UniqueList;
+exports.asyncCallback = asyncCallback;
+exports.changeset = changeset;
+exports.definition = definition;
+exports.derive = derive;
+exports.ingest = ingest$1;
+exports.isChangeSet = isChangeSet;
+exports.isTuple = isTuple;
+exports.rederive = rederive;
+exports.replace = replace;
+exports.stableCompare = stableCompare;
+exports.transform = transform;
+exports.transforms = transforms;
+exports.tupleid = tupleid;