@vcmap/ui 5.0.0-rc.18 → 5.0.0-rc.20

package/dist/assets/cesium/Workers/Matrix3-315394f6.js

@@ -0,0 +1,4283 @@
+define(['exports', './Check-666ab1a0', './defaultValue-0a909f67', './Math-2dbd6b93'], (function (exports, Check, defaultValue, Math$1) { 'use strict';
+
+  /**
+   * A 3D Cartesian point.
+   * @alias Cartesian3
+   * @constructor
+   *
+   * @param {Number} [x=0.0] The X component.
+   * @param {Number} [y=0.0] The Y component.
+   * @param {Number} [z=0.0] The Z component.
+   *
+   * @see Cartesian2
+   * @see Cartesian4
+   * @see Packable
+   */
+  function Cartesian3(x, y, z) {
+    /**
+     * The X component.
+     * @type {Number}
+     * @default 0.0
+     */
+    this.x = defaultValue.defaultValue(x, 0.0);
+
+    /**
+     * The Y component.
+     * @type {Number}
+     * @default 0.0
+     */
+    this.y = defaultValue.defaultValue(y, 0.0);
+
+    /**
+     * The Z component.
+     * @type {Number}
+     * @default 0.0
+     */
+    this.z = defaultValue.defaultValue(z, 0.0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts the provided Spherical into Cartesian3 coordinates.
+   *
+   * @param {Spherical} spherical The Spherical to be converted to Cartesian3.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.fromSpherical = function (spherical, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("spherical", spherical);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Cartesian3();
+    }
+
+    const clock = spherical.clock;
+    const cone = spherical.cone;
+    const magnitude = defaultValue.defaultValue(spherical.magnitude, 1.0);
+    const radial = magnitude * Math.sin(cone);
+    result.x = radial * Math.cos(clock);
+    result.y = radial * Math.sin(clock);
+    result.z = magnitude * Math.cos(cone);
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a Cartesian3 instance from x, y and z coordinates.
+   *
+   * @param {Number} x The x coordinate.
+   * @param {Number} y The y coordinate.
+   * @param {Number} z The z coordinate.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.fromElements = function (x, y, z, result) {
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Cartesian3(x, y, z);
+    }
+
+    result.x = x;
+    result.y = y;
+    result.z = z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Duplicates a Cartesian3 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian to duplicate.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided. (Returns undefined if cartesian is undefined)
+   */
+  Cartesian3.clone = function (cartesian, result) {
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(cartesian)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Cartesian3(cartesian.x, cartesian.y, cartesian.z);
+    }
+
+    result.x = cartesian.x;
+    result.y = cartesian.y;
+    result.z = cartesian.z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a Cartesian3 instance from an existing Cartesian4.  This simply takes the
+   * x, y, and z properties of the Cartesian4 and drops w.
+   * @function
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian4} cartesian The Cartesian4 instance to create a Cartesian3 instance from.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.fromCartesian4 = Cartesian3.clone;
+
+  /**
+   * The number of elements used to pack the object into an array.
+   * @type {Number}
+   */
+  Cartesian3.packedLength = 3;
+
+  /**
+   * Stores the provided instance into the provided array.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} value The value to pack.
+   * @param {Number[]} array The array to pack into.
+   * @param {Number} [startingIndex=0] The index into the array at which to start packing the elements.
+   *
+   * @returns {Number[]} The array that was packed into
+   */
+  Cartesian3.pack = function (value, array, startingIndex) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("value", value);
+    Check.Check.defined("array", array);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    startingIndex = defaultValue.defaultValue(startingIndex, 0);
+
+    array[startingIndex++] = value.x;
+    array[startingIndex++] = value.y;
+    array[startingIndex] = value.z;
+
+    return array;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves an instance from a packed array.
+   *
+   * @param {Number[]} array The packed array.
+   * @param {Number} [startingIndex=0] The starting index of the element to be unpacked.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object into which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.unpack = function (array, startingIndex, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("array", array);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    startingIndex = defaultValue.defaultValue(startingIndex, 0);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Cartesian3();
+    }
+    result.x = array[startingIndex++];
+    result.y = array[startingIndex++];
+    result.z = array[startingIndex];
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Flattens an array of Cartesian3s into an array of components.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3[]} array The array of cartesians to pack.
+   * @param {Number[]} [result] The array onto which to store the result. If this is a typed array, it must have array.length * 3 components, else a {@link DeveloperError} will be thrown. If it is a regular array, it will be resized to have (array.length * 3) elements.
+   * @returns {Number[]} The packed array.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.packArray = function (array, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("array", array);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const length = array.length;
+    const resultLength = length * 3;
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Array(resultLength);
+    } else if (!Array.isArray(result) && result.length !== resultLength) {
+      //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError(
+        "If result is a typed array, it must have exactly array.length * 3 elements"
+      );
+      //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    } else if (result.length !== resultLength) {
+      result.length = resultLength;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+      Cartesian3.pack(array[i], result, i * 3);
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Unpacks an array of cartesian components into an array of Cartesian3s.
+   *
+   * @param {Number[]} array The array of components to unpack.
+   * @param {Cartesian3[]} [result] The array onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3[]} The unpacked array.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.unpackArray = function (array, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("array", array);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("array.length", array.length, 3);
+    if (array.length % 3 !== 0) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError("array length must be a multiple of 3.");
+    }
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const length = array.length;
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Array(length / 3);
+    } else {
+      result.length = length / 3;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i += 3) {
+      const index = i / 3;
+      result[index] = Cartesian3.unpack(array, i, result[index]);
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a Cartesian3 from three consecutive elements in an array.
+   * @function
+   *
+   * @param {Number[]} array The array whose three consecutive elements correspond to the x, y, and z components, respectively.
+   * @param {Number} [startingIndex=0] The offset into the array of the first element, which corresponds to the x component.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Create a Cartesian3 with (1.0, 2.0, 3.0)
+   * const v = [1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+   * const p = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromArray(v);
+   *
+   * // Create a Cartesian3 with (1.0, 2.0, 3.0) using an offset into an array
+   * const v2 = [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0];
+   * const p2 = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromArray(v2, 2);
+   */
+  Cartesian3.fromArray = Cartesian3.unpack;
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the value of the maximum component for the supplied Cartesian.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The cartesian to use.
+   * @returns {Number} The value of the maximum component.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.maximumComponent = function (cartesian) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    return Math.max(cartesian.x, cartesian.y, cartesian.z);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the value of the minimum component for the supplied Cartesian.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The cartesian to use.
+   * @returns {Number} The value of the minimum component.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.minimumComponent = function (cartesian) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    return Math.min(cartesian.x, cartesian.y, cartesian.z);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares two Cartesians and computes a Cartesian which contains the minimum components of the supplied Cartesians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} first A cartesian to compare.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} second A cartesian to compare.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object into which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} A cartesian with the minimum components.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.minimumByComponent = function (first, second, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("first", first);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("second", second);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result.x = Math.min(first.x, second.x);
+    result.y = Math.min(first.y, second.y);
+    result.z = Math.min(first.z, second.z);
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares two Cartesians and computes a Cartesian which contains the maximum components of the supplied Cartesians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} first A cartesian to compare.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} second A cartesian to compare.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object into which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} A cartesian with the maximum components.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.maximumByComponent = function (first, second, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("first", first);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("second", second);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result.x = Math.max(first.x, second.x);
+    result.y = Math.max(first.y, second.y);
+    result.z = Math.max(first.z, second.z);
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Constrain a value to lie between two values.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The value to clamp.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} min The minimum bound.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} max The maximum bound.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object into which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The clamped value such that min <= value <= max.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.clamp = function (value, min, max, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("value", value);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("min", min);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("max", max);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const x = Math$1.CesiumMath.clamp(value.x, min.x, max.x);
+    const y = Math$1.CesiumMath.clamp(value.y, min.y, max.y);
+    const z = Math$1.CesiumMath.clamp(value.z, min.z, max.z);
+
+    result.x = x;
+    result.y = y;
+    result.z = z;
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the provided Cartesian's squared magnitude.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian instance whose squared magnitude is to be computed.
+   * @returns {Number} The squared magnitude.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared = function (cartesian) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    return (
+      cartesian.x * cartesian.x +
+      cartesian.y * cartesian.y +
+      cartesian.z * cartesian.z
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the Cartesian's magnitude (length).
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian instance whose magnitude is to be computed.
+   * @returns {Number} The magnitude.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.magnitude = function (cartesian) {
+    return Math.sqrt(Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(cartesian));
+  };
+
+  const distanceScratch = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the distance between two points.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} left The first point to compute the distance from.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} right The second point to compute the distance to.
+   * @returns {Number} The distance between two points.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Returns 1.0
+   * const d = Cesium.Cartesian3.distance(new Cesium.Cartesian3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), new Cesium.Cartesian3(2.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+   */
+  Cartesian3.distance = function (left, right) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    Cartesian3.subtract(left, right, distanceScratch);
+    return Cartesian3.magnitude(distanceScratch);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the squared distance between two points.  Comparing squared distances
+   * using this function is more efficient than comparing distances using {@link Cartesian3#distance}.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} left The first point to compute the distance from.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} right The second point to compute the distance to.
+   * @returns {Number} The distance between two points.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Returns 4.0, not 2.0
+   * const d = Cesium.Cartesian3.distanceSquared(new Cesium.Cartesian3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), new Cesium.Cartesian3(3.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+   */
+  Cartesian3.distanceSquared = function (left, right) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    Cartesian3.subtract(left, right, distanceScratch);
+    return Cartesian3.magnitudeSquared(distanceScratch);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the normalized form of the supplied Cartesian.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian to be normalized.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.normalize = function (cartesian, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const magnitude = Cartesian3.magnitude(cartesian);
+
+    result.x = cartesian.x / magnitude;
+    result.y = cartesian.y / magnitude;
+    result.z = cartesian.z / magnitude;
+
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    if (isNaN(result.x) || isNaN(result.y) || isNaN(result.z)) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError("normalized result is not a number");
+    }
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the dot (scalar) product of two Cartesians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} left The first Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} right The second Cartesian.
+   * @returns {Number} The dot product.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.dot = function (left, right) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    return left.x * right.x + left.y * right.y + left.z * right.z;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the componentwise product of two Cartesians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} left The first Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} right The second Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.multiplyComponents = function (left, right, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result.x = left.x * right.x;
+    result.y = left.y * right.y;
+    result.z = left.z * right.z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the componentwise quotient of two Cartesians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} left The first Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} right The second Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.divideComponents = function (left, right, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result.x = left.x / right.x;
+    result.y = left.y / right.y;
+    result.z = left.z / right.z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the componentwise sum of two Cartesians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} left The first Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} right The second Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.add = function (left, right, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result.x = left.x + right.x;
+    result.y = left.y + right.y;
+    result.z = left.z + right.z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the componentwise difference of two Cartesians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} left The first Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} right The second Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.subtract = function (left, right, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result.x = left.x - right.x;
+    result.y = left.y - right.y;
+    result.z = left.z - right.z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Multiplies the provided Cartesian componentwise by the provided scalar.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian to be scaled.
+   * @param {Number} scalar The scalar to multiply with.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar = function (cartesian, scalar, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("scalar", scalar);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result.x = cartesian.x * scalar;
+    result.y = cartesian.y * scalar;
+    result.z = cartesian.z * scalar;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Divides the provided Cartesian componentwise by the provided scalar.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian to be divided.
+   * @param {Number} scalar The scalar to divide by.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.divideByScalar = function (cartesian, scalar, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("scalar", scalar);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result.x = cartesian.x / scalar;
+    result.y = cartesian.y / scalar;
+    result.z = cartesian.z / scalar;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Negates the provided Cartesian.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian to be negated.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.negate = function (cartesian, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result.x = -cartesian.x;
+    result.y = -cartesian.y;
+    result.z = -cartesian.z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the absolute value of the provided Cartesian.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian whose absolute value is to be computed.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.abs = function (cartesian, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result.x = Math.abs(cartesian.x);
+    result.y = Math.abs(cartesian.y);
+    result.z = Math.abs(cartesian.z);
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  const lerpScratch = new Cartesian3();
+  /**
+   * Computes the linear interpolation or extrapolation at t using the provided cartesians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} start The value corresponding to t at 0.0.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} end The value corresponding to t at 1.0.
+   * @param {Number} t The point along t at which to interpolate.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.lerp = function (start, end, t, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("start", start);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("end", end);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("t", t);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(end, t, lerpScratch);
+    result = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(start, 1.0 - t, result);
+    return Cartesian3.add(lerpScratch, result, result);
+  };
+
+  const angleBetweenScratch = new Cartesian3();
+  const angleBetweenScratch2 = new Cartesian3();
+  /**
+   * Returns the angle, in radians, between the provided Cartesians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} left The first Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} right The second Cartesian.
+   * @returns {Number} The angle between the Cartesians.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.angleBetween = function (left, right) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    Cartesian3.normalize(left, angleBetweenScratch);
+    Cartesian3.normalize(right, angleBetweenScratch2);
+    const cosine = Cartesian3.dot(angleBetweenScratch, angleBetweenScratch2);
+    const sine = Cartesian3.magnitude(
+      Cartesian3.cross(
+        angleBetweenScratch,
+        angleBetweenScratch2,
+        angleBetweenScratch
+      )
+    );
+    return Math.atan2(sine, cosine);
+  };
+
+  const mostOrthogonalAxisScratch = new Cartesian3();
+  /**
+   * Returns the axis that is most orthogonal to the provided Cartesian.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian on which to find the most orthogonal axis.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The most orthogonal axis.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.mostOrthogonalAxis = function (cartesian, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const f = Cartesian3.normalize(cartesian, mostOrthogonalAxisScratch);
+    Cartesian3.abs(f, f);
+
+    if (f.x <= f.y) {
+      if (f.x <= f.z) {
+        result = Cartesian3.clone(Cartesian3.UNIT_X, result);
+      } else {
+        result = Cartesian3.clone(Cartesian3.UNIT_Z, result);
+      }
+    } else if (f.y <= f.z) {
+      result = Cartesian3.clone(Cartesian3.UNIT_Y, result);
+    } else {
+      result = Cartesian3.clone(Cartesian3.UNIT_Z, result);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Projects vector a onto vector b
+   * @param {Cartesian3} a The vector that needs projecting
+   * @param {Cartesian3} b The vector to project onto
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The result cartesian
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter
+   */
+  Cartesian3.projectVector = function (a, b, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("a", a);
+    Check.Check.defined("b", b);
+    Check.Check.defined("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const scalar = Cartesian3.dot(a, b) / Cartesian3.dot(b, b);
+    return Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(b, scalar, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares the provided Cartesians componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [left] The first Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [right] The second Cartesian.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.equals = function (left, right) {
+    return (
+      left === right ||
+      (defaultValue.defined(left) &&
+        defaultValue.defined(right) &&
+        left.x === right.x &&
+        left.y === right.y &&
+        left.z === right.z)
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   */
+  Cartesian3.equalsArray = function (cartesian, array, offset) {
+    return (
+      cartesian.x === array[offset] &&
+      cartesian.y === array[offset + 1] &&
+      cartesian.z === array[offset + 2]
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares the provided Cartesians componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they pass an absolute or relative tolerance test,
+   * <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [left] The first Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [right] The second Cartesian.
+   * @param {Number} [relativeEpsilon=0] The relative epsilon tolerance to use for equality testing.
+   * @param {Number} [absoluteEpsilon=relativeEpsilon] The absolute epsilon tolerance to use for equality testing.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are within the provided epsilon, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.equalsEpsilon = function (
+    left,
+    right,
+    relativeEpsilon,
+    absoluteEpsilon
+  ) {
+    return (
+      left === right ||
+      (defaultValue.defined(left) &&
+        defaultValue.defined(right) &&
+        Math$1.CesiumMath.equalsEpsilon(
+          left.x,
+          right.x,
+          relativeEpsilon,
+          absoluteEpsilon
+        ) &&
+        Math$1.CesiumMath.equalsEpsilon(
+          left.y,
+          right.y,
+          relativeEpsilon,
+          absoluteEpsilon
+        ) &&
+        Math$1.CesiumMath.equalsEpsilon(
+          left.z,
+          right.z,
+          relativeEpsilon,
+          absoluteEpsilon
+        ))
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the cross (outer) product of two Cartesians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} left The first Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} right The second Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The cross product.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.cross = function (left, right, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const leftX = left.x;
+    const leftY = left.y;
+    const leftZ = left.z;
+    const rightX = right.x;
+    const rightY = right.y;
+    const rightZ = right.z;
+
+    const x = leftY * rightZ - leftZ * rightY;
+    const y = leftZ * rightX - leftX * rightZ;
+    const z = leftX * rightY - leftY * rightX;
+
+    result.x = x;
+    result.y = y;
+    result.z = z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the midpoint between the right and left Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} left The first Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} right The second Cartesian.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The midpoint.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.midpoint = function (left, right, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result.x = (left.x + right.x) * 0.5;
+    result.y = (left.y + right.y) * 0.5;
+    result.z = (left.z + right.z) * 0.5;
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a Cartesian3 position from longitude and latitude values given in degrees.
+   *
+   * @param {Number} longitude The longitude, in degrees
+   * @param {Number} latitude The latitude, in degrees
+   * @param {Number} [height=0.0] The height, in meters, above the ellipsoid.
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [ellipsoid=Ellipsoid.WGS84] The ellipsoid on which the position lies.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The position
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const position = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegrees(-115.0, 37.0);
+   */
+  Cartesian3.fromDegrees = function (
+    longitude,
+    latitude,
+    height,
+    ellipsoid,
+    result
+  ) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("longitude", longitude);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("latitude", latitude);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    longitude = Math$1.CesiumMath.toRadians(longitude);
+    latitude = Math$1.CesiumMath.toRadians(latitude);
+    return Cartesian3.fromRadians(longitude, latitude, height, ellipsoid, result);
+  };
+
+  let scratchN = new Cartesian3();
+  let scratchK = new Cartesian3();
+  const wgs84RadiiSquared = new Cartesian3(
+    6378137.0 * 6378137.0,
+    6378137.0 * 6378137.0,
+    6356752.3142451793 * 6356752.3142451793
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a Cartesian3 position from longitude and latitude values given in radians.
+   *
+   * @param {Number} longitude The longitude, in radians
+   * @param {Number} latitude The latitude, in radians
+   * @param {Number} [height=0.0] The height, in meters, above the ellipsoid.
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [ellipsoid=Ellipsoid.WGS84] The ellipsoid on which the position lies.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The position
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const position = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromRadians(-2.007, 0.645);
+   */
+  Cartesian3.fromRadians = function (
+    longitude,
+    latitude,
+    height,
+    ellipsoid,
+    result
+  ) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("longitude", longitude);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("latitude", latitude);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    height = defaultValue.defaultValue(height, 0.0);
+    const radiiSquared = defaultValue.defined(ellipsoid)
+      ? ellipsoid.radiiSquared
+      : wgs84RadiiSquared;
+
+    const cosLatitude = Math.cos(latitude);
+    scratchN.x = cosLatitude * Math.cos(longitude);
+    scratchN.y = cosLatitude * Math.sin(longitude);
+    scratchN.z = Math.sin(latitude);
+    scratchN = Cartesian3.normalize(scratchN, scratchN);
+
+    Cartesian3.multiplyComponents(radiiSquared, scratchN, scratchK);
+    const gamma = Math.sqrt(Cartesian3.dot(scratchN, scratchK));
+    scratchK = Cartesian3.divideByScalar(scratchK, gamma, scratchK);
+    scratchN = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(scratchN, height, scratchN);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Cartesian3();
+    }
+    return Cartesian3.add(scratchK, scratchN, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an array of Cartesian3 positions given an array of longitude and latitude values given in degrees.
+   *
+   * @param {Number[]} coordinates A list of longitude and latitude values. Values alternate [longitude, latitude, longitude, latitude...].
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [ellipsoid=Ellipsoid.WGS84] The ellipsoid on which the coordinates lie.
+   * @param {Cartesian3[]} [result] An array of Cartesian3 objects to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3[]} The array of positions.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const positions = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegreesArray([-115.0, 37.0, -107.0, 33.0]);
+   */
+  Cartesian3.fromDegreesArray = function (coordinates, ellipsoid, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("coordinates", coordinates);
+    if (coordinates.length < 2 || coordinates.length % 2 !== 0) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError(
+        "the number of coordinates must be a multiple of 2 and at least 2"
+      );
+    }
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const length = coordinates.length;
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Array(length / 2);
+    } else {
+      result.length = length / 2;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i += 2) {
+      const longitude = coordinates[i];
+      const latitude = coordinates[i + 1];
+      const index = i / 2;
+      result[index] = Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+        longitude,
+        latitude,
+        0,
+        ellipsoid,
+        result[index]
+      );
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an array of Cartesian3 positions given an array of longitude and latitude values given in radians.
+   *
+   * @param {Number[]} coordinates A list of longitude and latitude values. Values alternate [longitude, latitude, longitude, latitude...].
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [ellipsoid=Ellipsoid.WGS84] The ellipsoid on which the coordinates lie.
+   * @param {Cartesian3[]} [result] An array of Cartesian3 objects to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3[]} The array of positions.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const positions = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromRadiansArray([-2.007, 0.645, -1.867, .575]);
+   */
+  Cartesian3.fromRadiansArray = function (coordinates, ellipsoid, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("coordinates", coordinates);
+    if (coordinates.length < 2 || coordinates.length % 2 !== 0) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError(
+        "the number of coordinates must be a multiple of 2 and at least 2"
+      );
+    }
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const length = coordinates.length;
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Array(length / 2);
+    } else {
+      result.length = length / 2;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i += 2) {
+      const longitude = coordinates[i];
+      const latitude = coordinates[i + 1];
+      const index = i / 2;
+      result[index] = Cartesian3.fromRadians(
+        longitude,
+        latitude,
+        0,
+        ellipsoid,
+        result[index]
+      );
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an array of Cartesian3 positions given an array of longitude, latitude and height values where longitude and latitude are given in degrees.
+   *
+   * @param {Number[]} coordinates A list of longitude, latitude and height values. Values alternate [longitude, latitude, height, longitude, latitude, height...].
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [ellipsoid=Ellipsoid.WGS84] The ellipsoid on which the position lies.
+   * @param {Cartesian3[]} [result] An array of Cartesian3 objects to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3[]} The array of positions.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const positions = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromDegreesArrayHeights([-115.0, 37.0, 100000.0, -107.0, 33.0, 150000.0]);
+   */
+  Cartesian3.fromDegreesArrayHeights = function (coordinates, ellipsoid, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("coordinates", coordinates);
+    if (coordinates.length < 3 || coordinates.length % 3 !== 0) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError(
+        "the number of coordinates must be a multiple of 3 and at least 3"
+      );
+    }
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const length = coordinates.length;
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Array(length / 3);
+    } else {
+      result.length = length / 3;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i += 3) {
+      const longitude = coordinates[i];
+      const latitude = coordinates[i + 1];
+      const height = coordinates[i + 2];
+      const index = i / 3;
+      result[index] = Cartesian3.fromDegrees(
+        longitude,
+        latitude,
+        height,
+        ellipsoid,
+        result[index]
+      );
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an array of Cartesian3 positions given an array of longitude, latitude and height values where longitude and latitude are given in radians.
+   *
+   * @param {Number[]} coordinates A list of longitude, latitude and height values. Values alternate [longitude, latitude, height, longitude, latitude, height...].
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [ellipsoid=Ellipsoid.WGS84] The ellipsoid on which the position lies.
+   * @param {Cartesian3[]} [result] An array of Cartesian3 objects to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3[]} The array of positions.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const positions = Cesium.Cartesian3.fromRadiansArrayHeights([-2.007, 0.645, 100000.0, -1.867, .575, 150000.0]);
+   */
+  Cartesian3.fromRadiansArrayHeights = function (coordinates, ellipsoid, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("coordinates", coordinates);
+    if (coordinates.length < 3 || coordinates.length % 3 !== 0) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError(
+        "the number of coordinates must be a multiple of 3 and at least 3"
+      );
+    }
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const length = coordinates.length;
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Array(length / 3);
+    } else {
+      result.length = length / 3;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i += 3) {
+      const longitude = coordinates[i];
+      const latitude = coordinates[i + 1];
+      const height = coordinates[i + 2];
+      const index = i / 3;
+      result[index] = Cartesian3.fromRadians(
+        longitude,
+        latitude,
+        height,
+        ellipsoid,
+        result[index]
+      );
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * An immutable Cartesian3 instance initialized to (0.0, 0.0, 0.0).
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Cartesian3.ZERO = Object.freeze(new Cartesian3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+
+  /**
+   * An immutable Cartesian3 instance initialized to (1.0, 1.0, 1.0).
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Cartesian3.ONE = Object.freeze(new Cartesian3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
+
+  /**
+   * An immutable Cartesian3 instance initialized to (1.0, 0.0, 0.0).
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Cartesian3.UNIT_X = Object.freeze(new Cartesian3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+
+  /**
+   * An immutable Cartesian3 instance initialized to (0.0, 1.0, 0.0).
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Cartesian3.UNIT_Y = Object.freeze(new Cartesian3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));
+
+  /**
+   * An immutable Cartesian3 instance initialized to (0.0, 0.0, 1.0).
+   *
+   * @type {Cartesian3}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Cartesian3.UNIT_Z = Object.freeze(new Cartesian3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
+
+  /**
+   * Duplicates this Cartesian3 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.prototype.clone = function (result) {
+    return Cartesian3.clone(this, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares this Cartesian against the provided Cartesian componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [right] The right hand side Cartesian.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.prototype.equals = function (right) {
+    return Cartesian3.equals(this, right);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares this Cartesian against the provided Cartesian componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they pass an absolute or relative tolerance test,
+   * <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [right] The right hand side Cartesian.
+   * @param {Number} [relativeEpsilon=0] The relative epsilon tolerance to use for equality testing.
+   * @param {Number} [absoluteEpsilon=relativeEpsilon] The absolute epsilon tolerance to use for equality testing.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.prototype.equalsEpsilon = function (
+    right,
+    relativeEpsilon,
+    absoluteEpsilon
+  ) {
+    return Cartesian3.equalsEpsilon(
+      this,
+      right,
+      relativeEpsilon,
+      absoluteEpsilon
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a string representing this Cartesian in the format '(x, y, z)'.
+   *
+   * @returns {String} A string representing this Cartesian in the format '(x, y, z)'.
+   */
+  Cartesian3.prototype.toString = function () {
+    return `(${this.x}, ${this.y}, ${this.z})`;
+  };
+
+  const scaleToGeodeticSurfaceIntersection = new Cartesian3();
+  const scaleToGeodeticSurfaceGradient = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * Scales the provided Cartesian position along the geodetic surface normal
+   * so that it is on the surface of this ellipsoid.  If the position is
+   * at the center of the ellipsoid, this function returns undefined.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian position to scale.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} oneOverRadii One over radii of the ellipsoid.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} oneOverRadiiSquared One over radii squared of the ellipsoid.
+   * @param {Number} centerToleranceSquared Tolerance for closeness to the center.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter, a new Cartesian3 instance if none was provided, or undefined if the position is at the center.
+   *
+   * @function scaleToGeodeticSurface
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+  function scaleToGeodeticSurface(
+    cartesian,
+    oneOverRadii,
+    oneOverRadiiSquared,
+    centerToleranceSquared,
+    result
+  ) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(cartesian)) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError("cartesian is required.");
+    }
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(oneOverRadii)) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError("oneOverRadii is required.");
+    }
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(oneOverRadiiSquared)) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError("oneOverRadiiSquared is required.");
+    }
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(centerToleranceSquared)) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError("centerToleranceSquared is required.");
+    }
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const positionX = cartesian.x;
+    const positionY = cartesian.y;
+    const positionZ = cartesian.z;
+
+    const oneOverRadiiX = oneOverRadii.x;
+    const oneOverRadiiY = oneOverRadii.y;
+    const oneOverRadiiZ = oneOverRadii.z;
+
+    const x2 = positionX * positionX * oneOverRadiiX * oneOverRadiiX;
+    const y2 = positionY * positionY * oneOverRadiiY * oneOverRadiiY;
+    const z2 = positionZ * positionZ * oneOverRadiiZ * oneOverRadiiZ;
+
+    // Compute the squared ellipsoid norm.
+    const squaredNorm = x2 + y2 + z2;
+    const ratio = Math.sqrt(1.0 / squaredNorm);
+
+    // As an initial approximation, assume that the radial intersection is the projection point.
+    const intersection = Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(
+      cartesian,
+      ratio,
+      scaleToGeodeticSurfaceIntersection
+    );
+
+    // If the position is near the center, the iteration will not converge.
+    if (squaredNorm < centerToleranceSquared) {
+      return !isFinite(ratio)
+        ? undefined
+        : Cartesian3.clone(intersection, result);
+    }
+
+    const oneOverRadiiSquaredX = oneOverRadiiSquared.x;
+    const oneOverRadiiSquaredY = oneOverRadiiSquared.y;
+    const oneOverRadiiSquaredZ = oneOverRadiiSquared.z;
+
+    // Use the gradient at the intersection point in place of the true unit normal.
+    // The difference in magnitude will be absorbed in the multiplier.
+    const gradient = scaleToGeodeticSurfaceGradient;
+    gradient.x = intersection.x * oneOverRadiiSquaredX * 2.0;
+    gradient.y = intersection.y * oneOverRadiiSquaredY * 2.0;
+    gradient.z = intersection.z * oneOverRadiiSquaredZ * 2.0;
+
+    // Compute the initial guess at the normal vector multiplier, lambda.
+    let lambda =
+      ((1.0 - ratio) * Cartesian3.magnitude(cartesian)) /
+      (0.5 * Cartesian3.magnitude(gradient));
+    let correction = 0.0;
+
+    let func;
+    let denominator;
+    let xMultiplier;
+    let yMultiplier;
+    let zMultiplier;
+    let xMultiplier2;
+    let yMultiplier2;
+    let zMultiplier2;
+    let xMultiplier3;
+    let yMultiplier3;
+    let zMultiplier3;
+
+    do {
+      lambda -= correction;
+
+      xMultiplier = 1.0 / (1.0 + lambda * oneOverRadiiSquaredX);
+      yMultiplier = 1.0 / (1.0 + lambda * oneOverRadiiSquaredY);
+      zMultiplier = 1.0 / (1.0 + lambda * oneOverRadiiSquaredZ);
+
+      xMultiplier2 = xMultiplier * xMultiplier;
+      yMultiplier2 = yMultiplier * yMultiplier;
+      zMultiplier2 = zMultiplier * zMultiplier;
+
+      xMultiplier3 = xMultiplier2 * xMultiplier;
+      yMultiplier3 = yMultiplier2 * yMultiplier;
+      zMultiplier3 = zMultiplier2 * zMultiplier;
+
+      func = x2 * xMultiplier2 + y2 * yMultiplier2 + z2 * zMultiplier2 - 1.0;
+
+      // "denominator" here refers to the use of this expression in the velocity and acceleration
+      // computations in the sections to follow.
+      denominator =
+        x2 * xMultiplier3 * oneOverRadiiSquaredX +
+        y2 * yMultiplier3 * oneOverRadiiSquaredY +
+        z2 * zMultiplier3 * oneOverRadiiSquaredZ;
+
+      const derivative = -2.0 * denominator;
+
+      correction = func / derivative;
+    } while (Math.abs(func) > Math$1.CesiumMath.EPSILON12);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Cartesian3(
+        positionX * xMultiplier,
+        positionY * yMultiplier,
+        positionZ * zMultiplier
+      );
+    }
+    result.x = positionX * xMultiplier;
+    result.y = positionY * yMultiplier;
+    result.z = positionZ * zMultiplier;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A position defined by longitude, latitude, and height.
+   * @alias Cartographic
+   * @constructor
+   *
+   * @param {Number} [longitude=0.0] The longitude, in radians.
+   * @param {Number} [latitude=0.0] The latitude, in radians.
+   * @param {Number} [height=0.0] The height, in meters, above the ellipsoid.
+   *
+   * @see Ellipsoid
+   */
+  function Cartographic(longitude, latitude, height) {
+    /**
+     * The longitude, in radians.
+     * @type {Number}
+     * @default 0.0
+     */
+    this.longitude = defaultValue.defaultValue(longitude, 0.0);
+
+    /**
+     * The latitude, in radians.
+     * @type {Number}
+     * @default 0.0
+     */
+    this.latitude = defaultValue.defaultValue(latitude, 0.0);
+
+    /**
+     * The height, in meters, above the ellipsoid.
+     * @type {Number}
+     * @default 0.0
+     */
+    this.height = defaultValue.defaultValue(height, 0.0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new Cartographic instance from longitude and latitude
+   * specified in radians.
+   *
+   * @param {Number} longitude The longitude, in radians.
+   * @param {Number} latitude The latitude, in radians.
+   * @param {Number} [height=0.0] The height, in meters, above the ellipsoid.
+   * @param {Cartographic} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartographic} The modified result parameter or a new Cartographic instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Cartographic.fromRadians = function (longitude, latitude, height, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("longitude", longitude);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("latitude", latitude);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    height = defaultValue.defaultValue(height, 0.0);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Cartographic(longitude, latitude, height);
+    }
+
+    result.longitude = longitude;
+    result.latitude = latitude;
+    result.height = height;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new Cartographic instance from longitude and latitude
+   * specified in degrees.  The values in the resulting object will
+   * be in radians.
+   *
+   * @param {Number} longitude The longitude, in degrees.
+   * @param {Number} latitude The latitude, in degrees.
+   * @param {Number} [height=0.0] The height, in meters, above the ellipsoid.
+   * @param {Cartographic} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartographic} The modified result parameter or a new Cartographic instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Cartographic.fromDegrees = function (longitude, latitude, height, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("longitude", longitude);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("latitude", latitude);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    longitude = Math$1.CesiumMath.toRadians(longitude);
+    latitude = Math$1.CesiumMath.toRadians(latitude);
+
+    return Cartographic.fromRadians(longitude, latitude, height, result);
+  };
+
+  const cartesianToCartographicN$1 = new Cartesian3();
+  const cartesianToCartographicP$1 = new Cartesian3();
+  const cartesianToCartographicH$1 = new Cartesian3();
+  const wgs84OneOverRadii = new Cartesian3(
+    1.0 / 6378137.0,
+    1.0 / 6378137.0,
+    1.0 / 6356752.3142451793
+  );
+  const wgs84OneOverRadiiSquared = new Cartesian3(
+    1.0 / (6378137.0 * 6378137.0),
+    1.0 / (6378137.0 * 6378137.0),
+    1.0 / (6356752.3142451793 * 6356752.3142451793)
+  );
+  const wgs84CenterToleranceSquared = Math$1.CesiumMath.EPSILON1;
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new Cartographic instance from a Cartesian position. The values in the
+   * resulting object will be in radians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian position to convert to cartographic representation.
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [ellipsoid=Ellipsoid.WGS84] The ellipsoid on which the position lies.
+   * @param {Cartographic} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartographic} The modified result parameter, new Cartographic instance if none was provided, or undefined if the cartesian is at the center of the ellipsoid.
+   */
+  Cartographic.fromCartesian = function (cartesian, ellipsoid, result) {
+    const oneOverRadii = defaultValue.defined(ellipsoid)
+      ? ellipsoid.oneOverRadii
+      : wgs84OneOverRadii;
+    const oneOverRadiiSquared = defaultValue.defined(ellipsoid)
+      ? ellipsoid.oneOverRadiiSquared
+      : wgs84OneOverRadiiSquared;
+    const centerToleranceSquared = defaultValue.defined(ellipsoid)
+      ? ellipsoid._centerToleranceSquared
+      : wgs84CenterToleranceSquared;
+
+    //`cartesian is required.` is thrown from scaleToGeodeticSurface
+    const p = scaleToGeodeticSurface(
+      cartesian,
+      oneOverRadii,
+      oneOverRadiiSquared,
+      centerToleranceSquared,
+      cartesianToCartographicP$1
+    );
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(p)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    let n = Cartesian3.multiplyComponents(
+      p,
+      oneOverRadiiSquared,
+      cartesianToCartographicN$1
+    );
+    n = Cartesian3.normalize(n, n);
+
+    const h = Cartesian3.subtract(cartesian, p, cartesianToCartographicH$1);
+
+    const longitude = Math.atan2(n.y, n.x);
+    const latitude = Math.asin(n.z);
+    const height =
+      Math$1.CesiumMath.sign(Cartesian3.dot(h, cartesian)) * Cartesian3.magnitude(h);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Cartographic(longitude, latitude, height);
+    }
+    result.longitude = longitude;
+    result.latitude = latitude;
+    result.height = height;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new Cartesian3 instance from a Cartographic input. The values in the inputted
+   * object should be in radians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartographic} cartographic Input to be converted into a Cartesian3 output.
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [ellipsoid=Ellipsoid.WGS84] The ellipsoid on which the position lies.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The position
+   */
+  Cartographic.toCartesian = function (cartographic, ellipsoid, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("cartographic", cartographic);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    return Cartesian3.fromRadians(
+      cartographic.longitude,
+      cartographic.latitude,
+      cartographic.height,
+      ellipsoid,
+      result
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Duplicates a Cartographic instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartographic} cartographic The cartographic to duplicate.
+   * @param {Cartographic} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartographic} The modified result parameter or a new Cartographic instance if one was not provided. (Returns undefined if cartographic is undefined)
+   */
+  Cartographic.clone = function (cartographic, result) {
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(cartographic)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Cartographic(
+        cartographic.longitude,
+        cartographic.latitude,
+        cartographic.height
+      );
+    }
+    result.longitude = cartographic.longitude;
+    result.latitude = cartographic.latitude;
+    result.height = cartographic.height;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares the provided cartographics componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartographic} [left] The first cartographic.
+   * @param {Cartographic} [right] The second cartographic.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Cartographic.equals = function (left, right) {
+    return (
+      left === right ||
+      (defaultValue.defined(left) &&
+        defaultValue.defined(right) &&
+        left.longitude === right.longitude &&
+        left.latitude === right.latitude &&
+        left.height === right.height)
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares the provided cartographics componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon,
+   * <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartographic} [left] The first cartographic.
+   * @param {Cartographic} [right] The second cartographic.
+   * @param {Number} [epsilon=0] The epsilon to use for equality testing.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are within the provided epsilon, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Cartographic.equalsEpsilon = function (left, right, epsilon) {
+    epsilon = defaultValue.defaultValue(epsilon, 0);
+
+    return (
+      left === right ||
+      (defaultValue.defined(left) &&
+        defaultValue.defined(right) &&
+        Math.abs(left.longitude - right.longitude) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left.latitude - right.latitude) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left.height - right.height) <= epsilon)
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * An immutable Cartographic instance initialized to (0.0, 0.0, 0.0).
+   *
+   * @type {Cartographic}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Cartographic.ZERO = Object.freeze(new Cartographic(0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
+
+  /**
+   * Duplicates this instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartographic} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartographic} The modified result parameter or a new Cartographic instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Cartographic.prototype.clone = function (result) {
+    return Cartographic.clone(this, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares the provided against this cartographic componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartographic} [right] The second cartographic.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Cartographic.prototype.equals = function (right) {
+    return Cartographic.equals(this, right);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares the provided against this cartographic componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon,
+   * <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartographic} [right] The second cartographic.
+   * @param {Number} [epsilon=0] The epsilon to use for equality testing.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are within the provided epsilon, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Cartographic.prototype.equalsEpsilon = function (right, epsilon) {
+    return Cartographic.equalsEpsilon(this, right, epsilon);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a string representing this cartographic in the format '(longitude, latitude, height)'.
+   *
+   * @returns {String} A string representing the provided cartographic in the format '(longitude, latitude, height)'.
+   */
+  Cartographic.prototype.toString = function () {
+    return `(${this.longitude}, ${this.latitude}, ${this.height})`;
+  };
+
+  function initialize(ellipsoid, x, y, z) {
+    x = defaultValue.defaultValue(x, 0.0);
+    y = defaultValue.defaultValue(y, 0.0);
+    z = defaultValue.defaultValue(z, 0.0);
+
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("x", x, 0.0);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("y", y, 0.0);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("z", z, 0.0);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    ellipsoid._radii = new Cartesian3(x, y, z);
+
+    ellipsoid._radiiSquared = new Cartesian3(x * x, y * y, z * z);
+
+    ellipsoid._radiiToTheFourth = new Cartesian3(
+      x * x * x * x,
+      y * y * y * y,
+      z * z * z * z
+    );
+
+    ellipsoid._oneOverRadii = new Cartesian3(
+      x === 0.0 ? 0.0 : 1.0 / x,
+      y === 0.0 ? 0.0 : 1.0 / y,
+      z === 0.0 ? 0.0 : 1.0 / z
+    );
+
+    ellipsoid._oneOverRadiiSquared = new Cartesian3(
+      x === 0.0 ? 0.0 : 1.0 / (x * x),
+      y === 0.0 ? 0.0 : 1.0 / (y * y),
+      z === 0.0 ? 0.0 : 1.0 / (z * z)
+    );
+
+    ellipsoid._minimumRadius = Math.min(x, y, z);
+
+    ellipsoid._maximumRadius = Math.max(x, y, z);
+
+    ellipsoid._centerToleranceSquared = Math$1.CesiumMath.EPSILON1;
+
+    if (ellipsoid._radiiSquared.z !== 0) {
+      ellipsoid._squaredXOverSquaredZ =
+        ellipsoid._radiiSquared.x / ellipsoid._radiiSquared.z;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A quadratic surface defined in Cartesian coordinates by the equation
+   * <code>(x / a)^2 + (y / b)^2 + (z / c)^2 = 1</code>.  Primarily used
+   * by Cesium to represent the shape of planetary bodies.
+   *
+   * Rather than constructing this object directly, one of the provided
+   * constants is normally used.
+   * @alias Ellipsoid
+   * @constructor
+   *
+   * @param {Number} [x=0] The radius in the x direction.
+   * @param {Number} [y=0] The radius in the y direction.
+   * @param {Number} [z=0] The radius in the z direction.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} All radii components must be greater than or equal to zero.
+   *
+   * @see Ellipsoid.fromCartesian3
+   * @see Ellipsoid.WGS84
+   * @see Ellipsoid.UNIT_SPHERE
+   */
+  function Ellipsoid(x, y, z) {
+    this._radii = undefined;
+    this._radiiSquared = undefined;
+    this._radiiToTheFourth = undefined;
+    this._oneOverRadii = undefined;
+    this._oneOverRadiiSquared = undefined;
+    this._minimumRadius = undefined;
+    this._maximumRadius = undefined;
+    this._centerToleranceSquared = undefined;
+    this._squaredXOverSquaredZ = undefined;
+
+    initialize(this, x, y, z);
+  }
+
+  Object.defineProperties(Ellipsoid.prototype, {
+    /**
+     * Gets the radii of the ellipsoid.
+     * @memberof Ellipsoid.prototype
+     * @type {Cartesian3}
+     * @readonly
+     */
+    radii: {
+      get: function () {
+        return this._radii;
+      },
+    },
+    /**
+     * Gets the squared radii of the ellipsoid.
+     * @memberof Ellipsoid.prototype
+     * @type {Cartesian3}
+     * @readonly
+     */
+    radiiSquared: {
+      get: function () {
+        return this._radiiSquared;
+      },
+    },
+    /**
+     * Gets the radii of the ellipsoid raise to the fourth power.
+     * @memberof Ellipsoid.prototype
+     * @type {Cartesian3}
+     * @readonly
+     */
+    radiiToTheFourth: {
+      get: function () {
+        return this._radiiToTheFourth;
+      },
+    },
+    /**
+     * Gets one over the radii of the ellipsoid.
+     * @memberof Ellipsoid.prototype
+     * @type {Cartesian3}
+     * @readonly
+     */
+    oneOverRadii: {
+      get: function () {
+        return this._oneOverRadii;
+      },
+    },
+    /**
+     * Gets one over the squared radii of the ellipsoid.
+     * @memberof Ellipsoid.prototype
+     * @type {Cartesian3}
+     * @readonly
+     */
+    oneOverRadiiSquared: {
+      get: function () {
+        return this._oneOverRadiiSquared;
+      },
+    },
+    /**
+     * Gets the minimum radius of the ellipsoid.
+     * @memberof Ellipsoid.prototype
+     * @type {Number}
+     * @readonly
+     */
+    minimumRadius: {
+      get: function () {
+        return this._minimumRadius;
+      },
+    },
+    /**
+     * Gets the maximum radius of the ellipsoid.
+     * @memberof Ellipsoid.prototype
+     * @type {Number}
+     * @readonly
+     */
+    maximumRadius: {
+      get: function () {
+        return this._maximumRadius;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Duplicates an Ellipsoid instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} ellipsoid The ellipsoid to duplicate.
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [result] The object onto which to store the result, or undefined if a new
+   *                    instance should be created.
+   * @returns {Ellipsoid} The cloned Ellipsoid. (Returns undefined if ellipsoid is undefined)
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.clone = function (ellipsoid, result) {
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(ellipsoid)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    const radii = ellipsoid._radii;
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Ellipsoid(radii.x, radii.y, radii.z);
+    }
+
+    Cartesian3.clone(radii, result._radii);
+    Cartesian3.clone(ellipsoid._radiiSquared, result._radiiSquared);
+    Cartesian3.clone(ellipsoid._radiiToTheFourth, result._radiiToTheFourth);
+    Cartesian3.clone(ellipsoid._oneOverRadii, result._oneOverRadii);
+    Cartesian3.clone(ellipsoid._oneOverRadiiSquared, result._oneOverRadiiSquared);
+    result._minimumRadius = ellipsoid._minimumRadius;
+    result._maximumRadius = ellipsoid._maximumRadius;
+    result._centerToleranceSquared = ellipsoid._centerToleranceSquared;
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes an Ellipsoid from a Cartesian specifying the radii in x, y, and z directions.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [cartesian=Cartesian3.ZERO] The ellipsoid's radius in the x, y, and z directions.
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [result] The object onto which to store the result, or undefined if a new
+   *                    instance should be created.
+   * @returns {Ellipsoid} A new Ellipsoid instance.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} All radii components must be greater than or equal to zero.
+   *
+   * @see Ellipsoid.WGS84
+   * @see Ellipsoid.UNIT_SPHERE
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.fromCartesian3 = function (cartesian, result) {
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Ellipsoid();
+    }
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(cartesian)) {
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    initialize(result, cartesian.x, cartesian.y, cartesian.z);
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * An Ellipsoid instance initialized to the WGS84 standard.
+   *
+   * @type {Ellipsoid}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.WGS84 = Object.freeze(
+    new Ellipsoid(6378137.0, 6378137.0, 6356752.3142451793)
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * An Ellipsoid instance initialized to radii of (1.0, 1.0, 1.0).
+   *
+   * @type {Ellipsoid}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.UNIT_SPHERE = Object.freeze(new Ellipsoid(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));
+
+  /**
+   * An Ellipsoid instance initialized to a sphere with the lunar radius.
+   *
+   * @type {Ellipsoid}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.MOON = Object.freeze(
+    new Ellipsoid(
+      Math$1.CesiumMath.LUNAR_RADIUS,
+      Math$1.CesiumMath.LUNAR_RADIUS,
+      Math$1.CesiumMath.LUNAR_RADIUS
+    )
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Duplicates an Ellipsoid instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [result] The object onto which to store the result, or undefined if a new
+   *                    instance should be created.
+   * @returns {Ellipsoid} The cloned Ellipsoid.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.clone = function (result) {
+    return Ellipsoid.clone(this, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * The number of elements used to pack the object into an array.
+   * @type {Number}
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.packedLength = Cartesian3.packedLength;
+
+  /**
+   * Stores the provided instance into the provided array.
+   *
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} value The value to pack.
+   * @param {Number[]} array The array to pack into.
+   * @param {Number} [startingIndex=0] The index into the array at which to start packing the elements.
+   *
+   * @returns {Number[]} The array that was packed into
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.pack = function (value, array, startingIndex) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("value", value);
+    Check.Check.defined("array", array);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    startingIndex = defaultValue.defaultValue(startingIndex, 0);
+
+    Cartesian3.pack(value._radii, array, startingIndex);
+
+    return array;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves an instance from a packed array.
+   *
+   * @param {Number[]} array The packed array.
+   * @param {Number} [startingIndex=0] The starting index of the element to be unpacked.
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [result] The object into which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Ellipsoid} The modified result parameter or a new Ellipsoid instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.unpack = function (array, startingIndex, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("array", array);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    startingIndex = defaultValue.defaultValue(startingIndex, 0);
+
+    const radii = Cartesian3.unpack(array, startingIndex);
+    return Ellipsoid.fromCartesian3(radii, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the unit vector directed from the center of this ellipsoid toward the provided Cartesian position.
+   * @function
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian for which to to determine the geocentric normal.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if none was provided.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.geocentricSurfaceNormal = Cartesian3.normalize;
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the normal of the plane tangent to the surface of the ellipsoid at the provided position.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartographic} cartographic The cartographic position for which to to determine the geodetic normal.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if none was provided.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.geodeticSurfaceNormalCartographic = function (
+    cartographic,
+    result
+  ) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartographic", cartographic);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const longitude = cartographic.longitude;
+    const latitude = cartographic.latitude;
+    const cosLatitude = Math.cos(latitude);
+
+    const x = cosLatitude * Math.cos(longitude);
+    const y = cosLatitude * Math.sin(longitude);
+    const z = Math.sin(latitude);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Cartesian3();
+    }
+    result.x = x;
+    result.y = y;
+    result.z = z;
+    return Cartesian3.normalize(result, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the normal of the plane tangent to the surface of the ellipsoid at the provided position.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian position for which to to determine the surface normal.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if none was provided, or undefined if a normal cannot be found.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.geodeticSurfaceNormal = function (cartesian, result) {
+    if (
+      Cartesian3.equalsEpsilon(cartesian, Cartesian3.ZERO, Math$1.CesiumMath.EPSILON14)
+    ) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Cartesian3();
+    }
+    result = Cartesian3.multiplyComponents(
+      cartesian,
+      this._oneOverRadiiSquared,
+      result
+    );
+    return Cartesian3.normalize(result, result);
+  };
+
+  const cartographicToCartesianNormal = new Cartesian3();
+  const cartographicToCartesianK = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * Converts the provided cartographic to Cartesian representation.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartographic} cartographic The cartographic position.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if none was provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * //Create a Cartographic and determine it's Cartesian representation on a WGS84 ellipsoid.
+   * const position = new Cesium.Cartographic(Cesium.Math.toRadians(21), Cesium.Math.toRadians(78), 5000);
+   * const cartesianPosition = Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.cartographicToCartesian(position);
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.cartographicToCartesian = function (cartographic, result) {
+    //`cartographic is required` is thrown from geodeticSurfaceNormalCartographic.
+    const n = cartographicToCartesianNormal;
+    const k = cartographicToCartesianK;
+    this.geodeticSurfaceNormalCartographic(cartographic, n);
+    Cartesian3.multiplyComponents(this._radiiSquared, n, k);
+    const gamma = Math.sqrt(Cartesian3.dot(n, k));
+    Cartesian3.divideByScalar(k, gamma, k);
+    Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(n, cartographic.height, n);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Cartesian3();
+    }
+    return Cartesian3.add(k, n, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Converts the provided array of cartographics to an array of Cartesians.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartographic[]} cartographics An array of cartographic positions.
+   * @param {Cartesian3[]} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3[]} The modified result parameter or a new Array instance if none was provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * //Convert an array of Cartographics and determine their Cartesian representation on a WGS84 ellipsoid.
+   * const positions = [new Cesium.Cartographic(Cesium.Math.toRadians(21), Cesium.Math.toRadians(78), 0),
+   *                  new Cesium.Cartographic(Cesium.Math.toRadians(21.321), Cesium.Math.toRadians(78.123), 100),
+   *                  new Cesium.Cartographic(Cesium.Math.toRadians(21.645), Cesium.Math.toRadians(78.456), 250)];
+   * const cartesianPositions = Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.cartographicArrayToCartesianArray(positions);
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.cartographicArrayToCartesianArray = function (
+    cartographics,
+    result
+  ) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("cartographics", cartographics);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug')
+
+    const length = cartographics.length;
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Array(length);
+    } else {
+      result.length = length;
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      result[i] = this.cartographicToCartesian(cartographics[i], result[i]);
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  const cartesianToCartographicN = new Cartesian3();
+  const cartesianToCartographicP = new Cartesian3();
+  const cartesianToCartographicH = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * Converts the provided cartesian to cartographic representation.
+   * The cartesian is undefined at the center of the ellipsoid.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian position to convert to cartographic representation.
+   * @param {Cartographic} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartographic} The modified result parameter, new Cartographic instance if none was provided, or undefined if the cartesian is at the center of the ellipsoid.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * //Create a Cartesian and determine it's Cartographic representation on a WGS84 ellipsoid.
+   * const position = new Cesium.Cartesian3(17832.12, 83234.52, 952313.73);
+   * const cartographicPosition = Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.cartesianToCartographic(position);
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.cartesianToCartographic = function (cartesian, result) {
+    //`cartesian is required.` is thrown from scaleToGeodeticSurface
+    const p = this.scaleToGeodeticSurface(cartesian, cartesianToCartographicP);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(p)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    const n = this.geodeticSurfaceNormal(p, cartesianToCartographicN);
+    const h = Cartesian3.subtract(cartesian, p, cartesianToCartographicH);
+
+    const longitude = Math.atan2(n.y, n.x);
+    const latitude = Math.asin(n.z);
+    const height =
+      Math$1.CesiumMath.sign(Cartesian3.dot(h, cartesian)) * Cartesian3.magnitude(h);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Cartographic(longitude, latitude, height);
+    }
+    result.longitude = longitude;
+    result.latitude = latitude;
+    result.height = height;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Converts the provided array of cartesians to an array of cartographics.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3[]} cartesians An array of Cartesian positions.
+   * @param {Cartographic[]} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartographic[]} The modified result parameter or a new Array instance if none was provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * //Create an array of Cartesians and determine their Cartographic representation on a WGS84 ellipsoid.
+   * const positions = [new Cesium.Cartesian3(17832.12, 83234.52, 952313.73),
+   *                  new Cesium.Cartesian3(17832.13, 83234.53, 952313.73),
+   *                  new Cesium.Cartesian3(17832.14, 83234.54, 952313.73)]
+   * const cartographicPositions = Cesium.Ellipsoid.WGS84.cartesianArrayToCartographicArray(positions);
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.cartesianArrayToCartographicArray = function (
+    cartesians,
+    result
+  ) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("cartesians", cartesians);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const length = cartesians.length;
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Array(length);
+    } else {
+      result.length = length;
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+      result[i] = this.cartesianToCartographic(cartesians[i], result[i]);
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Scales the provided Cartesian position along the geodetic surface normal
+   * so that it is on the surface of this ellipsoid.  If the position is
+   * at the center of the ellipsoid, this function returns undefined.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian position to scale.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter, a new Cartesian3 instance if none was provided, or undefined if the position is at the center.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.scaleToGeodeticSurface = function (cartesian, result) {
+    return scaleToGeodeticSurface(
+      cartesian,
+      this._oneOverRadii,
+      this._oneOverRadiiSquared,
+      this._centerToleranceSquared,
+      result
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Scales the provided Cartesian position along the geocentric surface normal
+   * so that it is on the surface of this ellipsoid.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian position to scale.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter or a new Cartesian3 instance if none was provided.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.scaleToGeocentricSurface = function (cartesian, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Cartesian3();
+    }
+
+    const positionX = cartesian.x;
+    const positionY = cartesian.y;
+    const positionZ = cartesian.z;
+    const oneOverRadiiSquared = this._oneOverRadiiSquared;
+
+    const beta =
+      1.0 /
+      Math.sqrt(
+        positionX * positionX * oneOverRadiiSquared.x +
+          positionY * positionY * oneOverRadiiSquared.y +
+          positionZ * positionZ * oneOverRadiiSquared.z
+      );
+
+    return Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(cartesian, beta, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Transforms a Cartesian X, Y, Z position to the ellipsoid-scaled space by multiplying
+   * its components by the result of {@link Ellipsoid#oneOverRadii}.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} position The position to transform.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The position to which to copy the result, or undefined to create and
+   *        return a new instance.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The position expressed in the scaled space.  The returned instance is the
+   *          one passed as the result parameter if it is not undefined, or a new instance of it is.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.transformPositionToScaledSpace = function (
+    position,
+    result
+  ) {
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Cartesian3();
+    }
+
+    return Cartesian3.multiplyComponents(position, this._oneOverRadii, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Transforms a Cartesian X, Y, Z position from the ellipsoid-scaled space by multiplying
+   * its components by the result of {@link Ellipsoid#radii}.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} position The position to transform.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The position to which to copy the result, or undefined to create and
+   *        return a new instance.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The position expressed in the unscaled space.  The returned instance is the
+   *          one passed as the result parameter if it is not undefined, or a new instance of it is.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.transformPositionFromScaledSpace = function (
+    position,
+    result
+  ) {
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Cartesian3();
+    }
+
+    return Cartesian3.multiplyComponents(position, this._radii, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares this Ellipsoid against the provided Ellipsoid componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Ellipsoid} [right] The other Ellipsoid.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.equals = function (right) {
+    return (
+      this === right ||
+      (defaultValue.defined(right) && Cartesian3.equals(this._radii, right._radii))
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a string representing this Ellipsoid in the format '(radii.x, radii.y, radii.z)'.
+   *
+   * @returns {String} A string representing this ellipsoid in the format '(radii.x, radii.y, radii.z)'.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.toString = function () {
+    return this._radii.toString();
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes a point which is the intersection of the surface normal with the z-axis.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} position the position. must be on the surface of the ellipsoid.
+   * @param {Number} [buffer = 0.0] A buffer to subtract from the ellipsoid size when checking if the point is inside the ellipsoid.
+   *                                In earth case, with common earth datums, there is no need for this buffer since the intersection point is always (relatively) very close to the center.
+   *                                In WGS84 datum, intersection point is at max z = +-42841.31151331382 (0.673% of z-axis).
+   *                                Intersection point could be outside the ellipsoid if the ratio of MajorAxis / AxisOfRotation is bigger than the square root of 2
+   * @param {Cartesian3} [result] The cartesian to which to copy the result, or undefined to create and
+   *        return a new instance.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3 | undefined} the intersection point if it's inside the ellipsoid, undefined otherwise
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} position is required.
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} Ellipsoid must be an ellipsoid of revolution (radii.x == radii.y).
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} Ellipsoid.radii.z must be greater than 0.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.getSurfaceNormalIntersectionWithZAxis = function (
+    position,
+    buffer,
+    result
+  ) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("position", position);
+
+    if (
+      !Math$1.CesiumMath.equalsEpsilon(
+        this._radii.x,
+        this._radii.y,
+        Math$1.CesiumMath.EPSILON15
+      )
+    ) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError(
+        "Ellipsoid must be an ellipsoid of revolution (radii.x == radii.y)"
+      );
+    }
+
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.greaterThan("Ellipsoid.radii.z", this._radii.z, 0);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    buffer = defaultValue.defaultValue(buffer, 0.0);
+
+    const squaredXOverSquaredZ = this._squaredXOverSquaredZ;
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Cartesian3();
+    }
+
+    result.x = 0.0;
+    result.y = 0.0;
+    result.z = position.z * (1 - squaredXOverSquaredZ);
+
+    if (Math.abs(result.z) >= this._radii.z - buffer) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  const abscissas = [
+    0.14887433898163,
+    0.43339539412925,
+    0.67940956829902,
+    0.86506336668898,
+    0.97390652851717,
+    0.0,
+  ];
+  const weights = [
+    0.29552422471475,
+    0.26926671930999,
+    0.21908636251598,
+    0.14945134915058,
+    0.066671344308684,
+    0.0,
+  ];
+
+  /**
+   * Compute the 10th order Gauss-Legendre Quadrature of the given definite integral.
+   *
+   * @param {Number} a The lower bound for the integration.
+   * @param {Number} b The upper bound for the integration.
+   * @param {Ellipsoid~RealValuedScalarFunction} func The function to integrate.
+   * @returns {Number} The value of the integral of the given function over the given domain.
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+  function gaussLegendreQuadrature(a, b, func) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("a", a);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("b", b);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.func("func", func);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    // The range is half of the normal range since the five weights add to one (ten weights add to two).
+    // The values of the abscissas are multiplied by two to account for this.
+    const xMean = 0.5 * (b + a);
+    const xRange = 0.5 * (b - a);
+
+    let sum = 0.0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+      const dx = xRange * abscissas[i];
+      sum += weights[i] * (func(xMean + dx) + func(xMean - dx));
+    }
+
+    // Scale the sum to the range of x.
+    sum *= xRange;
+    return sum;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A real valued scalar function.
+   * @callback Ellipsoid~RealValuedScalarFunction
+   *
+   * @param {Number} x The value used to evaluate the function.
+   * @returns {Number} The value of the function at x.
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * Computes an approximation of the surface area of a rectangle on the surface of an ellipsoid using
+   * Gauss-Legendre 10th order quadrature.
+   *
+   * @param {Rectangle} rectangle The rectangle used for computing the surface area.
+   * @returns {Number} The approximate area of the rectangle on the surface of this ellipsoid.
+   */
+  Ellipsoid.prototype.surfaceArea = function (rectangle) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("rectangle", rectangle);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    const minLongitude = rectangle.west;
+    let maxLongitude = rectangle.east;
+    const minLatitude = rectangle.south;
+    const maxLatitude = rectangle.north;
+
+    while (maxLongitude < minLongitude) {
+      maxLongitude += Math$1.CesiumMath.TWO_PI;
+    }
+
+    const radiiSquared = this._radiiSquared;
+    const a2 = radiiSquared.x;
+    const b2 = radiiSquared.y;
+    const c2 = radiiSquared.z;
+    const a2b2 = a2 * b2;
+    return gaussLegendreQuadrature(minLatitude, maxLatitude, function (lat) {
+      // phi represents the angle measured from the north pole
+      // sin(phi) = sin(pi / 2 - lat) = cos(lat), cos(phi) is similar
+      const sinPhi = Math.cos(lat);
+      const cosPhi = Math.sin(lat);
+      return (
+        Math.cos(lat) *
+        gaussLegendreQuadrature(minLongitude, maxLongitude, function (lon) {
+          const cosTheta = Math.cos(lon);
+          const sinTheta = Math.sin(lon);
+          return Math.sqrt(
+            a2b2 * cosPhi * cosPhi +
+              c2 *
+                (b2 * cosTheta * cosTheta + a2 * sinTheta * sinTheta) *
+                sinPhi *
+                sinPhi
+          );
+        })
+      );
+    });
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * A 3x3 matrix, indexable as a column-major order array.
+   * Constructor parameters are in row-major order for code readability.
+   * @alias Matrix3
+   * @constructor
+   * @implements {ArrayLike<number>}
+   *
+   * @param {Number} [column0Row0=0.0] The value for column 0, row 0.
+   * @param {Number} [column1Row0=0.0] The value for column 1, row 0.
+   * @param {Number} [column2Row0=0.0] The value for column 2, row 0.
+   * @param {Number} [column0Row1=0.0] The value for column 0, row 1.
+   * @param {Number} [column1Row1=0.0] The value for column 1, row 1.
+   * @param {Number} [column2Row1=0.0] The value for column 2, row 1.
+   * @param {Number} [column0Row2=0.0] The value for column 0, row 2.
+   * @param {Number} [column1Row2=0.0] The value for column 1, row 2.
+   * @param {Number} [column2Row2=0.0] The value for column 2, row 2.
+   *
+   * @see Matrix3.fromArray
+   * @see Matrix3.fromColumnMajorArray
+   * @see Matrix3.fromRowMajorArray
+   * @see Matrix3.fromQuaternion
+   * @see Matrix3.fromHeadingPitchRoll
+   * @see Matrix3.fromScale
+   * @see Matrix3.fromUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.fromCrossProduct
+   * @see Matrix3.fromRotationX
+   * @see Matrix3.fromRotationY
+   * @see Matrix3.fromRotationZ
+   * @see Matrix2
+   * @see Matrix4
+   */
+  function Matrix3(
+    column0Row0,
+    column1Row0,
+    column2Row0,
+    column0Row1,
+    column1Row1,
+    column2Row1,
+    column0Row2,
+    column1Row2,
+    column2Row2
+  ) {
+    this[0] = defaultValue.defaultValue(column0Row0, 0.0);
+    this[1] = defaultValue.defaultValue(column0Row1, 0.0);
+    this[2] = defaultValue.defaultValue(column0Row2, 0.0);
+    this[3] = defaultValue.defaultValue(column1Row0, 0.0);
+    this[4] = defaultValue.defaultValue(column1Row1, 0.0);
+    this[5] = defaultValue.defaultValue(column1Row2, 0.0);
+    this[6] = defaultValue.defaultValue(column2Row0, 0.0);
+    this[7] = defaultValue.defaultValue(column2Row1, 0.0);
+    this[8] = defaultValue.defaultValue(column2Row2, 0.0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The number of elements used to pack the object into an array.
+   * @type {Number}
+   */
+  Matrix3.packedLength = 9;
+
+  /**
+   * Stores the provided instance into the provided array.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} value The value to pack.
+   * @param {Number[]} array The array to pack into.
+   * @param {Number} [startingIndex=0] The index into the array at which to start packing the elements.
+   *
+   * @returns {Number[]} The array that was packed into
+   */
+  Matrix3.pack = function (value, array, startingIndex) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("value", value);
+    Check.Check.defined("array", array);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    startingIndex = defaultValue.defaultValue(startingIndex, 0);
+
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[0];
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[1];
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[2];
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[3];
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[4];
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[5];
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[6];
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[7];
+    array[startingIndex++] = value[8];
+
+    return array;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves an instance from a packed array.
+   *
+   * @param {Number[]} array The packed array.
+   * @param {Number} [startingIndex=0] The starting index of the element to be unpacked.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object into which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix3 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Matrix3.unpack = function (array, startingIndex, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("array", array);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    startingIndex = defaultValue.defaultValue(startingIndex, 0);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Matrix3();
+    }
+
+    result[0] = array[startingIndex++];
+    result[1] = array[startingIndex++];
+    result[2] = array[startingIndex++];
+    result[3] = array[startingIndex++];
+    result[4] = array[startingIndex++];
+    result[5] = array[startingIndex++];
+    result[6] = array[startingIndex++];
+    result[7] = array[startingIndex++];
+    result[8] = array[startingIndex++];
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Flattens an array of Matrix3s into an array of components. The components
+   * are stored in column-major order.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3[]} array The array of matrices to pack.
+   * @param {Number[]} [result] The array onto which to store the result. If this is a typed array, it must have array.length * 9 components, else a {@link DeveloperError} will be thrown. If it is a regular array, it will be resized to have (array.length * 9) elements.
+   * @returns {Number[]} The packed array.
+   */
+  Matrix3.packArray = function (array, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("array", array);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const length = array.length;
+    const resultLength = length * 9;
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Array(resultLength);
+    } else if (!Array.isArray(result) && result.length !== resultLength) {
+      //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError(
+        "If result is a typed array, it must have exactly array.length * 9 elements"
+      );
+      //>>includeEnd('debug');
+    } else if (result.length !== resultLength) {
+      result.length = resultLength;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+      Matrix3.pack(array[i], result, i * 9);
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Unpacks an array of column-major matrix components into an array of Matrix3s.
+   *
+   * @param {Number[]} array The array of components to unpack.
+   * @param {Matrix3[]} [result] The array onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3[]} The unpacked array.
+   */
+  Matrix3.unpackArray = function (array, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("array", array);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("array.length", array.length, 9);
+    if (array.length % 9 !== 0) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError("array length must be a multiple of 9.");
+    }
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const length = array.length;
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = new Array(length / 9);
+    } else {
+      result.length = length / 9;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < length; i += 9) {
+      const index = i / 9;
+      result[index] = Matrix3.unpack(array, i, result[index]);
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Duplicates a Matrix3 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to duplicate.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix3 instance if one was not provided. (Returns undefined if matrix is undefined)
+   */
+  Matrix3.clone = function (matrix, result) {
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(matrix)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix3(
+        matrix[0],
+        matrix[3],
+        matrix[6],
+        matrix[1],
+        matrix[4],
+        matrix[7],
+        matrix[2],
+        matrix[5],
+        matrix[8]
+      );
+    }
+    result[0] = matrix[0];
+    result[1] = matrix[1];
+    result[2] = matrix[2];
+    result[3] = matrix[3];
+    result[4] = matrix[4];
+    result[5] = matrix[5];
+    result[6] = matrix[6];
+    result[7] = matrix[7];
+    result[8] = matrix[8];
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a Matrix3 from 9 consecutive elements in an array.
+   *
+   * @function
+   * @param {Number[]} array The array whose 9 consecutive elements correspond to the positions of the matrix.  Assumes column-major order.
+   * @param {Number} [startingIndex=0] The offset into the array of the first element, which corresponds to first column first row position in the matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix3 instance if one was not provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Create the Matrix3:
+   * // [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
+   * // [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
+   * // [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
+   *
+   * const v = [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0];
+   * const m = Cesium.Matrix3.fromArray(v);
+   *
+   * // Create same Matrix3 with using an offset into an array
+   * const v2 = [0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0];
+   * const m2 = Cesium.Matrix3.fromArray(v2, 2);
+   */
+  Matrix3.fromArray = Matrix3.unpack;
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a Matrix3 instance from a column-major order array.
+   *
+   * @param {Number[]} values The column-major order array.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix3 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Matrix3.fromColumnMajorArray = function (values, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("values", values);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    return Matrix3.clone(values, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a Matrix3 instance from a row-major order array.
+   * The resulting matrix will be in column-major order.
+   *
+   * @param {Number[]} values The row-major order array.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix3 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Matrix3.fromRowMajorArray = function (values, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.defined("values", values);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix3(
+        values[0],
+        values[1],
+        values[2],
+        values[3],
+        values[4],
+        values[5],
+        values[6],
+        values[7],
+        values[8]
+      );
+    }
+    result[0] = values[0];
+    result[1] = values[3];
+    result[2] = values[6];
+    result[3] = values[1];
+    result[4] = values[4];
+    result[5] = values[7];
+    result[6] = values[2];
+    result[7] = values[5];
+    result[8] = values[8];
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes a 3x3 rotation matrix from the provided quaternion.
+   *
+   * @param {Quaternion} quaternion the quaternion to use.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The 3x3 rotation matrix from this quaternion.
+   */
+  Matrix3.fromQuaternion = function (quaternion, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("quaternion", quaternion);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const x2 = quaternion.x * quaternion.x;
+    const xy = quaternion.x * quaternion.y;
+    const xz = quaternion.x * quaternion.z;
+    const xw = quaternion.x * quaternion.w;
+    const y2 = quaternion.y * quaternion.y;
+    const yz = quaternion.y * quaternion.z;
+    const yw = quaternion.y * quaternion.w;
+    const z2 = quaternion.z * quaternion.z;
+    const zw = quaternion.z * quaternion.w;
+    const w2 = quaternion.w * quaternion.w;
+
+    const m00 = x2 - y2 - z2 + w2;
+    const m01 = 2.0 * (xy - zw);
+    const m02 = 2.0 * (xz + yw);
+
+    const m10 = 2.0 * (xy + zw);
+    const m11 = -x2 + y2 - z2 + w2;
+    const m12 = 2.0 * (yz - xw);
+
+    const m20 = 2.0 * (xz - yw);
+    const m21 = 2.0 * (yz + xw);
+    const m22 = -x2 - y2 + z2 + w2;
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix3(m00, m01, m02, m10, m11, m12, m20, m21, m22);
+    }
+    result[0] = m00;
+    result[1] = m10;
+    result[2] = m20;
+    result[3] = m01;
+    result[4] = m11;
+    result[5] = m21;
+    result[6] = m02;
+    result[7] = m12;
+    result[8] = m22;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes a 3x3 rotation matrix from the provided headingPitchRoll. (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_between_quaternions_and_Euler_angles )
+   *
+   * @param {HeadingPitchRoll} headingPitchRoll the headingPitchRoll to use.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The 3x3 rotation matrix from this headingPitchRoll.
+   */
+  Matrix3.fromHeadingPitchRoll = function (headingPitchRoll, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("headingPitchRoll", headingPitchRoll);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const cosTheta = Math.cos(-headingPitchRoll.pitch);
+    const cosPsi = Math.cos(-headingPitchRoll.heading);
+    const cosPhi = Math.cos(headingPitchRoll.roll);
+    const sinTheta = Math.sin(-headingPitchRoll.pitch);
+    const sinPsi = Math.sin(-headingPitchRoll.heading);
+    const sinPhi = Math.sin(headingPitchRoll.roll);
+
+    const m00 = cosTheta * cosPsi;
+    const m01 = -cosPhi * sinPsi + sinPhi * sinTheta * cosPsi;
+    const m02 = sinPhi * sinPsi + cosPhi * sinTheta * cosPsi;
+
+    const m10 = cosTheta * sinPsi;
+    const m11 = cosPhi * cosPsi + sinPhi * sinTheta * sinPsi;
+    const m12 = -sinPhi * cosPsi + cosPhi * sinTheta * sinPsi;
+
+    const m20 = -sinTheta;
+    const m21 = sinPhi * cosTheta;
+    const m22 = cosPhi * cosTheta;
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix3(m00, m01, m02, m10, m11, m12, m20, m21, m22);
+    }
+    result[0] = m00;
+    result[1] = m10;
+    result[2] = m20;
+    result[3] = m01;
+    result[4] = m11;
+    result[5] = m21;
+    result[6] = m02;
+    result[7] = m12;
+    result[8] = m22;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes a Matrix3 instance representing a non-uniform scale.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} scale The x, y, and z scale factors.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix3 instance if one was not provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Creates
+   * //   [7.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+   * //   [0.0, 8.0, 0.0]
+   * //   [0.0, 0.0, 9.0]
+   * const m = Cesium.Matrix3.fromScale(new Cesium.Cartesian3(7.0, 8.0, 9.0));
+   */
+  Matrix3.fromScale = function (scale, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("scale", scale);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix3(scale.x, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, scale.y, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, scale.z);
+    }
+
+    result[0] = scale.x;
+    result[1] = 0.0;
+    result[2] = 0.0;
+    result[3] = 0.0;
+    result[4] = scale.y;
+    result[5] = 0.0;
+    result[6] = 0.0;
+    result[7] = 0.0;
+    result[8] = scale.z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes a Matrix3 instance representing a uniform scale.
+   *
+   * @param {Number} scale The uniform scale factor.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix3 instance if one was not provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Creates
+   * //   [2.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+   * //   [0.0, 2.0, 0.0]
+   * //   [0.0, 0.0, 2.0]
+   * const m = Cesium.Matrix3.fromUniformScale(2.0);
+   */
+  Matrix3.fromUniformScale = function (scale, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("scale", scale);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix3(scale, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, scale, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, scale);
+    }
+
+    result[0] = scale;
+    result[1] = 0.0;
+    result[2] = 0.0;
+    result[3] = 0.0;
+    result[4] = scale;
+    result[5] = 0.0;
+    result[6] = 0.0;
+    result[7] = 0.0;
+    result[8] = scale;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes a Matrix3 instance representing the cross product equivalent matrix of a Cartesian3 vector.
+   *
+   * @param {Cartesian3} vector the vector on the left hand side of the cross product operation.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix3 instance if one was not provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Creates
+   * //   [0.0, -9.0,  8.0]
+   * //   [9.0,  0.0, -7.0]
+   * //   [-8.0, 7.0,  0.0]
+   * const m = Cesium.Matrix3.fromCrossProduct(new Cesium.Cartesian3(7.0, 8.0, 9.0));
+   */
+  Matrix3.fromCrossProduct = function (vector, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("vector", vector);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix3(
+        0.0,
+        -vector.z,
+        vector.y,
+        vector.z,
+        0.0,
+        -vector.x,
+        -vector.y,
+        vector.x,
+        0.0
+      );
+    }
+
+    result[0] = 0.0;
+    result[1] = vector.z;
+    result[2] = -vector.y;
+    result[3] = -vector.z;
+    result[4] = 0.0;
+    result[5] = vector.x;
+    result[6] = vector.y;
+    result[7] = -vector.x;
+    result[8] = 0.0;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a rotation matrix around the x-axis.
+   *
+   * @param {Number} angle The angle, in radians, of the rotation.  Positive angles are counterclockwise.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix3 instance if one was not provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Rotate a point 45 degrees counterclockwise around the x-axis.
+   * const p = new Cesium.Cartesian3(5, 6, 7);
+   * const m = Cesium.Matrix3.fromRotationX(Cesium.Math.toRadians(45.0));
+   * const rotated = Cesium.Matrix3.multiplyByVector(m, p, new Cesium.Cartesian3());
+   */
+  Matrix3.fromRotationX = function (angle, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("angle", angle);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const cosAngle = Math.cos(angle);
+    const sinAngle = Math.sin(angle);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix3(
+        1.0,
+        0.0,
+        0.0,
+        0.0,
+        cosAngle,
+        -sinAngle,
+        0.0,
+        sinAngle,
+        cosAngle
+      );
+    }
+
+    result[0] = 1.0;
+    result[1] = 0.0;
+    result[2] = 0.0;
+    result[3] = 0.0;
+    result[4] = cosAngle;
+    result[5] = sinAngle;
+    result[6] = 0.0;
+    result[7] = -sinAngle;
+    result[8] = cosAngle;
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a rotation matrix around the y-axis.
+   *
+   * @param {Number} angle The angle, in radians, of the rotation.  Positive angles are counterclockwise.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix3 instance if one was not provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Rotate a point 45 degrees counterclockwise around the y-axis.
+   * const p = new Cesium.Cartesian3(5, 6, 7);
+   * const m = Cesium.Matrix3.fromRotationY(Cesium.Math.toRadians(45.0));
+   * const rotated = Cesium.Matrix3.multiplyByVector(m, p, new Cesium.Cartesian3());
+   */
+  Matrix3.fromRotationY = function (angle, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("angle", angle);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const cosAngle = Math.cos(angle);
+    const sinAngle = Math.sin(angle);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix3(
+        cosAngle,
+        0.0,
+        sinAngle,
+        0.0,
+        1.0,
+        0.0,
+        -sinAngle,
+        0.0,
+        cosAngle
+      );
+    }
+
+    result[0] = cosAngle;
+    result[1] = 0.0;
+    result[2] = -sinAngle;
+    result[3] = 0.0;
+    result[4] = 1.0;
+    result[5] = 0.0;
+    result[6] = sinAngle;
+    result[7] = 0.0;
+    result[8] = cosAngle;
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a rotation matrix around the z-axis.
+   *
+   * @param {Number} angle The angle, in radians, of the rotation.  Positive angles are counterclockwise.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object in which the result will be stored, if undefined a new instance will be created.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter, or a new Matrix3 instance if one was not provided.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Rotate a point 45 degrees counterclockwise around the z-axis.
+   * const p = new Cesium.Cartesian3(5, 6, 7);
+   * const m = Cesium.Matrix3.fromRotationZ(Cesium.Math.toRadians(45.0));
+   * const rotated = Cesium.Matrix3.multiplyByVector(m, p, new Cesium.Cartesian3());
+   */
+  Matrix3.fromRotationZ = function (angle, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("angle", angle);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const cosAngle = Math.cos(angle);
+    const sinAngle = Math.sin(angle);
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return new Matrix3(
+        cosAngle,
+        -sinAngle,
+        0.0,
+        sinAngle,
+        cosAngle,
+        0.0,
+        0.0,
+        0.0,
+        1.0
+      );
+    }
+
+    result[0] = cosAngle;
+    result[1] = sinAngle;
+    result[2] = 0.0;
+    result[3] = -sinAngle;
+    result[4] = cosAngle;
+    result[5] = 0.0;
+    result[6] = 0.0;
+    result[7] = 0.0;
+    result[8] = 1.0;
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an Array from the provided Matrix3 instance.
+   * The array will be in column-major order.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to use..
+   * @param {Number[]} [result] The Array onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Number[]} The modified Array parameter or a new Array instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Matrix3.toArray = function (matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      return [
+        matrix[0],
+        matrix[1],
+        matrix[2],
+        matrix[3],
+        matrix[4],
+        matrix[5],
+        matrix[6],
+        matrix[7],
+        matrix[8],
+      ];
+    }
+    result[0] = matrix[0];
+    result[1] = matrix[1];
+    result[2] = matrix[2];
+    result[3] = matrix[3];
+    result[4] = matrix[4];
+    result[5] = matrix[5];
+    result[6] = matrix[6];
+    result[7] = matrix[7];
+    result[8] = matrix[8];
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the array index of the element at the provided row and column.
+   *
+   * @param {Number} column The zero-based index of the column.
+   * @param {Number} row The zero-based index of the row.
+   * @returns {Number} The index of the element at the provided row and column.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} row must be 0, 1, or 2.
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} column must be 0, 1, or 2.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const myMatrix = new Cesium.Matrix3();
+   * const column1Row0Index = Cesium.Matrix3.getElementIndex(1, 0);
+   * const column1Row0 = myMatrix[column1Row0Index]
+   * myMatrix[column1Row0Index] = 10.0;
+   */
+  Matrix3.getElementIndex = function (column, row) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("row", row, 0);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("row", row, 2);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("column", column, 0);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("column", column, 2);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    return column * 3 + row;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves a copy of the matrix column at the provided index as a Cartesian3 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the column to retrieve.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} index must be 0, 1, or 2.
+   */
+  Matrix3.getColumn = function (matrix, index, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("index", index, 0);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("index", index, 2);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const startIndex = index * 3;
+    const x = matrix[startIndex];
+    const y = matrix[startIndex + 1];
+    const z = matrix[startIndex + 2];
+
+    result.x = x;
+    result.y = y;
+    result.z = z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes a new matrix that replaces the specified column in the provided matrix with the provided Cartesian3 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the column to set.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian whose values will be assigned to the specified column.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} index must be 0, 1, or 2.
+   */
+  Matrix3.setColumn = function (matrix, index, cartesian, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("index", index, 0);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("index", index, 2);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result = Matrix3.clone(matrix, result);
+    const startIndex = index * 3;
+    result[startIndex] = cartesian.x;
+    result[startIndex + 1] = cartesian.y;
+    result[startIndex + 2] = cartesian.z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves a copy of the matrix row at the provided index as a Cartesian3 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the row to retrieve.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} index must be 0, 1, or 2.
+   */
+  Matrix3.getRow = function (matrix, index, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("index", index, 0);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("index", index, 2);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const x = matrix[index];
+    const y = matrix[index + 3];
+    const z = matrix[index + 6];
+
+    result.x = x;
+    result.y = y;
+    result.z = z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes a new matrix that replaces the specified row in the provided matrix with the provided Cartesian3 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @param {Number} index The zero-based index of the row to set.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The Cartesian whose values will be assigned to the specified row.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} index must be 0, 1, or 2.
+   */
+  Matrix3.setRow = function (matrix, index, cartesian, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.greaterThanOrEquals("index", index, 0);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number.lessThanOrEquals("index", index, 2);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result = Matrix3.clone(matrix, result);
+    result[index] = cartesian.x;
+    result[index + 3] = cartesian.y;
+    result[index + 6] = cartesian.z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  const scaleScratch1 = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * Computes a new matrix that replaces the scale with the provided scale.
+   * This assumes the matrix is an affine transformation.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} scale The scale that replaces the scale of the provided matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @see Matrix3.setUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.fromScale
+   * @see Matrix3.fromUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.multiplyByScale
+   * @see Matrix3.multiplyByUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.getScale
+   */
+  Matrix3.setScale = function (matrix, scale, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("scale", scale);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const existingScale = Matrix3.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch1);
+    const scaleRatioX = scale.x / existingScale.x;
+    const scaleRatioY = scale.y / existingScale.y;
+    const scaleRatioZ = scale.z / existingScale.z;
+
+    result[0] = matrix[0] * scaleRatioX;
+    result[1] = matrix[1] * scaleRatioX;
+    result[2] = matrix[2] * scaleRatioX;
+    result[3] = matrix[3] * scaleRatioY;
+    result[4] = matrix[4] * scaleRatioY;
+    result[5] = matrix[5] * scaleRatioY;
+    result[6] = matrix[6] * scaleRatioZ;
+    result[7] = matrix[7] * scaleRatioZ;
+    result[8] = matrix[8] * scaleRatioZ;
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  const scaleScratch2 = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * Computes a new matrix that replaces the scale with the provided uniform scale.
+   * This assumes the matrix is an affine transformation.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @param {Number} scale The uniform scale that replaces the scale of the provided matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @see Matrix3.setScale
+   * @see Matrix3.fromScale
+   * @see Matrix3.fromUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.multiplyByScale
+   * @see Matrix3.multiplyByUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.getScale
+   */
+  Matrix3.setUniformScale = function (matrix, scale, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("scale", scale);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const existingScale = Matrix3.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch2);
+    const scaleRatioX = scale / existingScale.x;
+    const scaleRatioY = scale / existingScale.y;
+    const scaleRatioZ = scale / existingScale.z;
+
+    result[0] = matrix[0] * scaleRatioX;
+    result[1] = matrix[1] * scaleRatioX;
+    result[2] = matrix[2] * scaleRatioX;
+    result[3] = matrix[3] * scaleRatioY;
+    result[4] = matrix[4] * scaleRatioY;
+    result[5] = matrix[5] * scaleRatioY;
+    result[6] = matrix[6] * scaleRatioZ;
+    result[7] = matrix[7] * scaleRatioZ;
+    result[8] = matrix[8] * scaleRatioZ;
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  const scratchColumn = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * Extracts the non-uniform scale assuming the matrix is an affine transformation.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @see Matrix3.multiplyByScale
+   * @see Matrix3.multiplyByUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.fromScale
+   * @see Matrix3.fromUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.setScale
+   * @see Matrix3.setUniformScale
+   */
+  Matrix3.getScale = function (matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result.x = Cartesian3.magnitude(
+      Cartesian3.fromElements(matrix[0], matrix[1], matrix[2], scratchColumn)
+    );
+    result.y = Cartesian3.magnitude(
+      Cartesian3.fromElements(matrix[3], matrix[4], matrix[5], scratchColumn)
+    );
+    result.z = Cartesian3.magnitude(
+      Cartesian3.fromElements(matrix[6], matrix[7], matrix[8], scratchColumn)
+    );
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  const scaleScratch3 = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the maximum scale assuming the matrix is an affine transformation.
+   * The maximum scale is the maximum length of the column vectors.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix.
+   * @returns {Number} The maximum scale.
+   */
+  Matrix3.getMaximumScale = function (matrix) {
+    Matrix3.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch3);
+    return Cartesian3.maximumComponent(scaleScratch3);
+  };
+
+  const scaleScratch4 = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the rotation assuming the matrix is an affine transformation.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} rotation The rotation matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @see Matrix3.getRotation
+   */
+  Matrix3.setRotation = function (matrix, rotation, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const scale = Matrix3.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch4);
+
+    result[0] = rotation[0] * scale.x;
+    result[1] = rotation[1] * scale.x;
+    result[2] = rotation[2] * scale.x;
+    result[3] = rotation[3] * scale.y;
+    result[4] = rotation[4] * scale.y;
+    result[5] = rotation[5] * scale.y;
+    result[6] = rotation[6] * scale.z;
+    result[7] = rotation[7] * scale.z;
+    result[8] = rotation[8] * scale.z;
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  const scaleScratch5 = new Cartesian3();
+
+  /**
+   * Extracts the rotation matrix assuming the matrix is an affine transformation.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @see Matrix3.setRotation
+   */
+  Matrix3.getRotation = function (matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const scale = Matrix3.getScale(matrix, scaleScratch5);
+
+    result[0] = matrix[0] / scale.x;
+    result[1] = matrix[1] / scale.x;
+    result[2] = matrix[2] / scale.x;
+    result[3] = matrix[3] / scale.y;
+    result[4] = matrix[4] / scale.y;
+    result[5] = matrix[5] / scale.y;
+    result[6] = matrix[6] / scale.z;
+    result[7] = matrix[7] / scale.z;
+    result[8] = matrix[8] / scale.z;
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the product of two matrices.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} left The first matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} right The second matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Matrix3.multiply = function (left, right, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const column0Row0 =
+      left[0] * right[0] + left[3] * right[1] + left[6] * right[2];
+    const column0Row1 =
+      left[1] * right[0] + left[4] * right[1] + left[7] * right[2];
+    const column0Row2 =
+      left[2] * right[0] + left[5] * right[1] + left[8] * right[2];
+
+    const column1Row0 =
+      left[0] * right[3] + left[3] * right[4] + left[6] * right[5];
+    const column1Row1 =
+      left[1] * right[3] + left[4] * right[4] + left[7] * right[5];
+    const column1Row2 =
+      left[2] * right[3] + left[5] * right[4] + left[8] * right[5];
+
+    const column2Row0 =
+      left[0] * right[6] + left[3] * right[7] + left[6] * right[8];
+    const column2Row1 =
+      left[1] * right[6] + left[4] * right[7] + left[7] * right[8];
+    const column2Row2 =
+      left[2] * right[6] + left[5] * right[7] + left[8] * right[8];
+
+    result[0] = column0Row0;
+    result[1] = column0Row1;
+    result[2] = column0Row2;
+    result[3] = column1Row0;
+    result[4] = column1Row1;
+    result[5] = column1Row2;
+    result[6] = column2Row0;
+    result[7] = column2Row1;
+    result[8] = column2Row2;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the sum of two matrices.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} left The first matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} right The second matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Matrix3.add = function (left, right, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result[0] = left[0] + right[0];
+    result[1] = left[1] + right[1];
+    result[2] = left[2] + right[2];
+    result[3] = left[3] + right[3];
+    result[4] = left[4] + right[4];
+    result[5] = left[5] + right[5];
+    result[6] = left[6] + right[6];
+    result[7] = left[7] + right[7];
+    result[8] = left[8] + right[8];
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the difference of two matrices.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} left The first matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} right The second matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Matrix3.subtract = function (left, right, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("left", left);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("right", right);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result[0] = left[0] - right[0];
+    result[1] = left[1] - right[1];
+    result[2] = left[2] - right[2];
+    result[3] = left[3] - right[3];
+    result[4] = left[4] - right[4];
+    result[5] = left[5] - right[5];
+    result[6] = left[6] - right[6];
+    result[7] = left[7] - right[7];
+    result[8] = left[8] - right[8];
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the product of a matrix and a column vector.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} cartesian The column.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Cartesian3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Matrix3.multiplyByVector = function (matrix, cartesian, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("cartesian", cartesian);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const vX = cartesian.x;
+    const vY = cartesian.y;
+    const vZ = cartesian.z;
+
+    const x = matrix[0] * vX + matrix[3] * vY + matrix[6] * vZ;
+    const y = matrix[1] * vX + matrix[4] * vY + matrix[7] * vZ;
+    const z = matrix[2] * vX + matrix[5] * vY + matrix[8] * vZ;
+
+    result.x = x;
+    result.y = y;
+    result.z = z;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the product of a matrix and a scalar.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix.
+   * @param {Number} scalar The number to multiply by.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Matrix3.multiplyByScalar = function (matrix, scalar, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("scalar", scalar);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result[0] = matrix[0] * scalar;
+    result[1] = matrix[1] * scalar;
+    result[2] = matrix[2] * scalar;
+    result[3] = matrix[3] * scalar;
+    result[4] = matrix[4] * scalar;
+    result[5] = matrix[5] * scalar;
+    result[6] = matrix[6] * scalar;
+    result[7] = matrix[7] * scalar;
+    result[8] = matrix[8] * scalar;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the product of a matrix times a (non-uniform) scale, as if the scale were a scale matrix.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix on the left-hand side.
+   * @param {Cartesian3} scale The non-uniform scale on the right-hand side.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Instead of Cesium.Matrix3.multiply(m, Cesium.Matrix3.fromScale(scale), m);
+   * Cesium.Matrix3.multiplyByScale(m, scale, m);
+   *
+   * @see Matrix3.multiplyByUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.fromScale
+   * @see Matrix3.fromUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.setScale
+   * @see Matrix3.setUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.getScale
+   */
+  Matrix3.multiplyByScale = function (matrix, scale, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("scale", scale);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result[0] = matrix[0] * scale.x;
+    result[1] = matrix[1] * scale.x;
+    result[2] = matrix[2] * scale.x;
+    result[3] = matrix[3] * scale.y;
+    result[4] = matrix[4] * scale.y;
+    result[5] = matrix[5] * scale.y;
+    result[6] = matrix[6] * scale.z;
+    result[7] = matrix[7] * scale.z;
+    result[8] = matrix[8] * scale.z;
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the product of a matrix times a uniform scale, as if the scale were a scale matrix.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix on the left-hand side.
+   * @param {Number} scale The uniform scale on the right-hand side.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Instead of Cesium.Matrix3.multiply(m, Cesium.Matrix3.fromUniformScale(scale), m);
+   * Cesium.Matrix3.multiplyByUniformScale(m, scale, m);
+   *
+   * @see Matrix3.multiplyByScale
+   * @see Matrix3.fromScale
+   * @see Matrix3.fromUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.setScale
+   * @see Matrix3.setUniformScale
+   * @see Matrix3.getScale
+   */
+  Matrix3.multiplyByUniformScale = function (matrix, scale, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.number("scale", scale);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result[0] = matrix[0] * scale;
+    result[1] = matrix[1] * scale;
+    result[2] = matrix[2] * scale;
+    result[3] = matrix[3] * scale;
+    result[4] = matrix[4] * scale;
+    result[5] = matrix[5] * scale;
+    result[6] = matrix[6] * scale;
+    result[7] = matrix[7] * scale;
+    result[8] = matrix[8] * scale;
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a negated copy of the provided matrix.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to negate.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Matrix3.negate = function (matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result[0] = -matrix[0];
+    result[1] = -matrix[1];
+    result[2] = -matrix[2];
+    result[3] = -matrix[3];
+    result[4] = -matrix[4];
+    result[5] = -matrix[5];
+    result[6] = -matrix[6];
+    result[7] = -matrix[7];
+    result[8] = -matrix[8];
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the transpose of the provided matrix.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to transpose.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Matrix3.transpose = function (matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const column0Row0 = matrix[0];
+    const column0Row1 = matrix[3];
+    const column0Row2 = matrix[6];
+    const column1Row0 = matrix[1];
+    const column1Row1 = matrix[4];
+    const column1Row2 = matrix[7];
+    const column2Row0 = matrix[2];
+    const column2Row1 = matrix[5];
+    const column2Row2 = matrix[8];
+
+    result[0] = column0Row0;
+    result[1] = column0Row1;
+    result[2] = column0Row2;
+    result[3] = column1Row0;
+    result[4] = column1Row1;
+    result[5] = column1Row2;
+    result[6] = column2Row0;
+    result[7] = column2Row1;
+    result[8] = column2Row2;
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  function computeFrobeniusNorm(matrix) {
+    let norm = 0.0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
+      const temp = matrix[i];
+      norm += temp * temp;
+    }
+
+    return Math.sqrt(norm);
+  }
+
+  const rowVal = [1, 0, 0];
+  const colVal = [2, 2, 1];
+
+  function offDiagonalFrobeniusNorm(matrix) {
+    // Computes the "off-diagonal" Frobenius norm.
+    // Assumes matrix is symmetric.
+
+    let norm = 0.0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+      const temp = matrix[Matrix3.getElementIndex(colVal[i], rowVal[i])];
+      norm += 2.0 * temp * temp;
+    }
+
+    return Math.sqrt(norm);
+  }
+
+  function shurDecomposition(matrix, result) {
+    // This routine was created based upon Matrix Computations, 3rd ed., by Golub and Van Loan,
+    // section 8.4.2 The 2by2 Symmetric Schur Decomposition.
+    //
+    // The routine takes a matrix, which is assumed to be symmetric, and
+    // finds the largest off-diagonal term, and then creates
+    // a matrix (result) which can be used to help reduce it
+
+    const tolerance = Math$1.CesiumMath.EPSILON15;
+
+    let maxDiagonal = 0.0;
+    let rotAxis = 1;
+
+    // find pivot (rotAxis) based on max diagonal of matrix
+    for (let i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+      const temp = Math.abs(
+        matrix[Matrix3.getElementIndex(colVal[i], rowVal[i])]
+      );
+      if (temp > maxDiagonal) {
+        rotAxis = i;
+        maxDiagonal = temp;
+      }
+    }
+
+    let c = 1.0;
+    let s = 0.0;
+
+    const p = rowVal[rotAxis];
+    const q = colVal[rotAxis];
+
+    if (Math.abs(matrix[Matrix3.getElementIndex(q, p)]) > tolerance) {
+      const qq = matrix[Matrix3.getElementIndex(q, q)];
+      const pp = matrix[Matrix3.getElementIndex(p, p)];
+      const qp = matrix[Matrix3.getElementIndex(q, p)];
+
+      const tau = (qq - pp) / 2.0 / qp;
+      let t;
+
+      if (tau < 0.0) {
+        t = -1.0 / (-tau + Math.sqrt(1.0 + tau * tau));
+      } else {
+        t = 1.0 / (tau + Math.sqrt(1.0 + tau * tau));
+      }
+
+      c = 1.0 / Math.sqrt(1.0 + t * t);
+      s = t * c;
+    }
+
+    result = Matrix3.clone(Matrix3.IDENTITY, result);
+
+    result[Matrix3.getElementIndex(p, p)] = result[
+      Matrix3.getElementIndex(q, q)
+    ] = c;
+    result[Matrix3.getElementIndex(q, p)] = s;
+    result[Matrix3.getElementIndex(p, q)] = -s;
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  const jMatrix = new Matrix3();
+  const jMatrixTranspose = new Matrix3();
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix.
+   * <p>
+   * Returns a diagonal matrix and unitary matrix such that:
+   * <code>matrix = unitary matrix * diagonal matrix * transpose(unitary matrix)</code>
+   * </p>
+   * <p>
+   * The values along the diagonal of the diagonal matrix are the eigenvalues. The columns
+   * of the unitary matrix are the corresponding eigenvectors.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to decompose into diagonal and unitary matrix. Expected to be symmetric.
+   * @param {Object} [result] An object with unitary and diagonal properties which are matrices onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Object} An object with unitary and diagonal properties which are the unitary and diagonal matrices, respectively.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const a = //... symetric matrix
+   * const result = {
+   *     unitary : new Cesium.Matrix3(),
+   *     diagonal : new Cesium.Matrix3()
+   * };
+   * Cesium.Matrix3.computeEigenDecomposition(a, result);
+   *
+   * const unitaryTranspose = Cesium.Matrix3.transpose(result.unitary, new Cesium.Matrix3());
+   * const b = Cesium.Matrix3.multiply(result.unitary, result.diagonal, new Cesium.Matrix3());
+   * Cesium.Matrix3.multiply(b, unitaryTranspose, b); // b is now equal to a
+   *
+   * const lambda = Cesium.Matrix3.getColumn(result.diagonal, 0, new Cesium.Cartesian3()).x;  // first eigenvalue
+   * const v = Cesium.Matrix3.getColumn(result.unitary, 0, new Cesium.Cartesian3());          // first eigenvector
+   * const c = Cesium.Cartesian3.multiplyByScalar(v, lambda, new Cesium.Cartesian3());        // equal to Cesium.Matrix3.multiplyByVector(a, v)
+   */
+  Matrix3.computeEigenDecomposition = function (matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    // This routine was created based upon Matrix Computations, 3rd ed., by Golub and Van Loan,
+    // section 8.4.3 The Classical Jacobi Algorithm
+
+    const tolerance = Math$1.CesiumMath.EPSILON20;
+    const maxSweeps = 10;
+
+    let count = 0;
+    let sweep = 0;
+
+    if (!defaultValue.defined(result)) {
+      result = {};
+    }
+
+    const unitaryMatrix = (result.unitary = Matrix3.clone(
+      Matrix3.IDENTITY,
+      result.unitary
+    ));
+    const diagMatrix = (result.diagonal = Matrix3.clone(matrix, result.diagonal));
+
+    const epsilon = tolerance * computeFrobeniusNorm(diagMatrix);
+
+    while (sweep < maxSweeps && offDiagonalFrobeniusNorm(diagMatrix) > epsilon) {
+      shurDecomposition(diagMatrix, jMatrix);
+      Matrix3.transpose(jMatrix, jMatrixTranspose);
+      Matrix3.multiply(diagMatrix, jMatrix, diagMatrix);
+      Matrix3.multiply(jMatrixTranspose, diagMatrix, diagMatrix);
+      Matrix3.multiply(unitaryMatrix, jMatrix, unitaryMatrix);
+
+      if (++count > 2) {
+        ++sweep;
+        count = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes a matrix, which contains the absolute (unsigned) values of the provided matrix's elements.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix with signed elements.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Matrix3.abs = function (matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result[0] = Math.abs(matrix[0]);
+    result[1] = Math.abs(matrix[1]);
+    result[2] = Math.abs(matrix[2]);
+    result[3] = Math.abs(matrix[3]);
+    result[4] = Math.abs(matrix[4]);
+    result[5] = Math.abs(matrix[5]);
+    result[6] = Math.abs(matrix[6]);
+    result[7] = Math.abs(matrix[7]);
+    result[8] = Math.abs(matrix[8]);
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the determinant of the provided matrix.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to use.
+   * @returns {Number} The value of the determinant of the matrix.
+   */
+  Matrix3.determinant = function (matrix) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const m11 = matrix[0];
+    const m21 = matrix[3];
+    const m31 = matrix[6];
+    const m12 = matrix[1];
+    const m22 = matrix[4];
+    const m32 = matrix[7];
+    const m13 = matrix[2];
+    const m23 = matrix[5];
+    const m33 = matrix[8];
+
+    return (
+      m11 * (m22 * m33 - m23 * m32) +
+      m12 * (m23 * m31 - m21 * m33) +
+      m13 * (m21 * m32 - m22 * m31)
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the inverse of the provided matrix.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to invert.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   *
+   * @exception {DeveloperError} matrix is not invertible.
+   */
+  Matrix3.inverse = function (matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    const m11 = matrix[0];
+    const m21 = matrix[1];
+    const m31 = matrix[2];
+    const m12 = matrix[3];
+    const m22 = matrix[4];
+    const m32 = matrix[5];
+    const m13 = matrix[6];
+    const m23 = matrix[7];
+    const m33 = matrix[8];
+
+    const determinant = Matrix3.determinant(matrix);
+
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    if (Math.abs(determinant) <= Math$1.CesiumMath.EPSILON15) {
+      throw new Check.DeveloperError("matrix is not invertible");
+    }
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    result[0] = m22 * m33 - m23 * m32;
+    result[1] = m23 * m31 - m21 * m33;
+    result[2] = m21 * m32 - m22 * m31;
+    result[3] = m13 * m32 - m12 * m33;
+    result[4] = m11 * m33 - m13 * m31;
+    result[5] = m12 * m31 - m11 * m32;
+    result[6] = m12 * m23 - m13 * m22;
+    result[7] = m13 * m21 - m11 * m23;
+    result[8] = m11 * m22 - m12 * m21;
+
+    const scale = 1.0 / determinant;
+    return Matrix3.multiplyByScalar(result, scale, result);
+  };
+
+  const scratchTransposeMatrix = new Matrix3();
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the inverse transpose of a matrix.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} matrix The matrix to transpose and invert.
+   * @param {Matrix3} result The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter.
+   */
+  Matrix3.inverseTranspose = function (matrix, result) {
+    //>>includeStart('debug', pragmas.debug);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("matrix", matrix);
+    Check.Check.typeOf.object("result", result);
+    //>>includeEnd('debug');
+
+    return Matrix3.inverse(
+      Matrix3.transpose(matrix, scratchTransposeMatrix),
+      result
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares the provided matrices componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} [left] The first matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [right] The second matrix.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Matrix3.equals = function (left, right) {
+    return (
+      left === right ||
+      (defaultValue.defined(left) &&
+        defaultValue.defined(right) &&
+        left[0] === right[0] &&
+        left[1] === right[1] &&
+        left[2] === right[2] &&
+        left[3] === right[3] &&
+        left[4] === right[4] &&
+        left[5] === right[5] &&
+        left[6] === right[6] &&
+        left[7] === right[7] &&
+        left[8] === right[8])
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares the provided matrices componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon,
+   * <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} [left] The first matrix.
+   * @param {Matrix3} [right] The second matrix.
+   * @param {Number} [epsilon=0] The epsilon to use for equality testing.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if left and right are within the provided epsilon, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Matrix3.equalsEpsilon = function (left, right, epsilon) {
+    epsilon = defaultValue.defaultValue(epsilon, 0);
+
+    return (
+      left === right ||
+      (defaultValue.defined(left) &&
+        defaultValue.defined(right) &&
+        Math.abs(left[0] - right[0]) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left[1] - right[1]) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left[2] - right[2]) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left[3] - right[3]) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left[4] - right[4]) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left[5] - right[5]) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left[6] - right[6]) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left[7] - right[7]) <= epsilon &&
+        Math.abs(left[8] - right[8]) <= epsilon)
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * An immutable Matrix3 instance initialized to the identity matrix.
+   *
+   * @type {Matrix3}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Matrix3.IDENTITY = Object.freeze(
+    new Matrix3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * An immutable Matrix3 instance initialized to the zero matrix.
+   *
+   * @type {Matrix3}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Matrix3.ZERO = Object.freeze(
+    new Matrix3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * The index into Matrix3 for column 0, row 0.
+   *
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Matrix3.COLUMN0ROW0 = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * The index into Matrix3 for column 0, row 1.
+   *
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Matrix3.COLUMN0ROW1 = 1;
+
+  /**
+   * The index into Matrix3 for column 0, row 2.
+   *
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Matrix3.COLUMN0ROW2 = 2;
+
+  /**
+   * The index into Matrix3 for column 1, row 0.
+   *
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Matrix3.COLUMN1ROW0 = 3;
+
+  /**
+   * The index into Matrix3 for column 1, row 1.
+   *
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Matrix3.COLUMN1ROW1 = 4;
+
+  /**
+   * The index into Matrix3 for column 1, row 2.
+   *
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Matrix3.COLUMN1ROW2 = 5;
+
+  /**
+   * The index into Matrix3 for column 2, row 0.
+   *
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Matrix3.COLUMN2ROW0 = 6;
+
+  /**
+   * The index into Matrix3 for column 2, row 1.
+   *
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Matrix3.COLUMN2ROW1 = 7;
+
+  /**
+   * The index into Matrix3 for column 2, row 2.
+   *
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @constant
+   */
+  Matrix3.COLUMN2ROW2 = 8;
+
+  Object.defineProperties(Matrix3.prototype, {
+    /**
+     * Gets the number of items in the collection.
+     * @memberof Matrix3.prototype
+     *
+     * @type {Number}
+     */
+    length: {
+      get: function () {
+        return Matrix3.packedLength;
+      },
+    },
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Duplicates the provided Matrix3 instance.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} [result] The object onto which to store the result.
+   * @returns {Matrix3} The modified result parameter or a new Matrix3 instance if one was not provided.
+   */
+  Matrix3.prototype.clone = function (result) {
+    return Matrix3.clone(this, result);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares this matrix to the provided matrix componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} [right] The right hand side matrix.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if they are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Matrix3.prototype.equals = function (right) {
+    return Matrix3.equals(this, right);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   */
+  Matrix3.equalsArray = function (matrix, array, offset) {
+    return (
+      matrix[0] === array[offset] &&
+      matrix[1] === array[offset + 1] &&
+      matrix[2] === array[offset + 2] &&
+      matrix[3] === array[offset + 3] &&
+      matrix[4] === array[offset + 4] &&
+      matrix[5] === array[offset + 5] &&
+      matrix[6] === array[offset + 6] &&
+      matrix[7] === array[offset + 7] &&
+      matrix[8] === array[offset + 8]
+    );
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compares this matrix to the provided matrix componentwise and returns
+   * <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon,
+   * <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   *
+   * @param {Matrix3} [right] The right hand side matrix.
+   * @param {Number} [epsilon=0] The epsilon to use for equality testing.
+   * @returns {Boolean} <code>true</code> if they are within the provided epsilon, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+   */
+  Matrix3.prototype.equalsEpsilon = function (right, epsilon) {
+    return Matrix3.equalsEpsilon(this, right, epsilon);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a string representing this Matrix with each row being
+   * on a separate line and in the format '(column0, column1, column2)'.
+   *
+   * @returns {String} A string representing the provided Matrix with each row being on a separate line and in the format '(column0, column1, column2)'.
+   */
+  Matrix3.prototype.toString = function () {
+    return (
+      `(${this[0]}, ${this[3]}, ${this[6]})\n` +
+      `(${this[1]}, ${this[4]}, ${this[7]})\n` +
+      `(${this[2]}, ${this[5]}, ${this[8]})`
+    );
+  };
+
+  exports.Cartesian3 = Cartesian3;
+  exports.Cartographic = Cartographic;
+  exports.Ellipsoid = Ellipsoid;
+  exports.Matrix3 = Matrix3;
+
+}));