@tushar-br/desktop 1.0.283 → 1.0.284

package/staging_area/micro projects/SD -Advanced Media Processing Toolkit Automated Downloader, Segmenter & Neural Dubber/.venv/Lib/site-packages/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py

@@ -1,3943 +0,0 @@
-import base64
-import collections
-import getpass
-import hashlib
-import http.client
-import http.cookiejar
-import http.cookies
-import inspect
-import itertools
-import json
-import math
-import netrc
-import os
-import random
-import re
-import subprocess
-import sys
-import time
-import types
-import urllib.parse
-import urllib.request
-import xml.etree.ElementTree
-
-from ..compat import functools  # isort: split
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_etree_fromstring,
-    compat_expanduser,
-    compat_os_name,
-    urllib_req_to_req,
-)
-from ..cookies import LenientSimpleCookie
-from ..downloader.f4m import get_base_url, remove_encrypted_media
-from ..downloader.hls import HlsFD
-from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
-from ..networking.exceptions import (
-    HTTPError,
-    IncompleteRead,
-    network_exceptions,
-)
-from ..utils import (
-    IDENTITY,
-    JSON_LD_RE,
-    NO_DEFAULT,
-    ExtractorError,
-    FormatSorter,
-    GeoRestrictedError,
-    GeoUtils,
-    LenientJSONDecoder,
-    Popen,
-    RegexNotFoundError,
-    RetryManager,
-    UnsupportedError,
-    age_restricted,
-    base_url,
-    bug_reports_message,
-    classproperty,
-    clean_html,
-    deprecation_warning,
-    determine_ext,
-    dict_get,
-    encode_data_uri,
-    error_to_compat_str,
-    extract_attributes,
-    filter_dict,
-    fix_xml_ampersands,
-    float_or_none,
-    format_field,
-    int_or_none,
-    join_nonempty,
-    js_to_json,
-    mimetype2ext,
-    netrc_from_content,
-    orderedSet,
-    parse_bitrate,
-    parse_codecs,
-    parse_duration,
-    parse_iso8601,
-    parse_m3u8_attributes,
-    parse_resolution,
-    sanitize_filename,
-    sanitize_url,
-    smuggle_url,
-    str_or_none,
-    str_to_int,
-    strip_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    truncate_string,
-    try_call,
-    try_get,
-    unescapeHTML,
-    unified_strdate,
-    unified_timestamp,
-    url_basename,
-    url_or_none,
-    urlhandle_detect_ext,
-    urljoin,
-    variadic,
-    xpath_element,
-    xpath_text,
-    xpath_with_ns,
-)
-
-
-class InfoExtractor:
-    """Information Extractor class.
-
-    Information extractors are the classes that, given a URL, extract
-    information about the video (or videos) the URL refers to. This
-    information includes the real video URL, the video title, author and
-    others. The information is stored in a dictionary which is then
-    passed to the YoutubeDL. The YoutubeDL processes this
-    information possibly downloading the video to the file system, among
-    other possible outcomes.
-
-    The type field determines the type of the result.
-    By far the most common value (and the default if _type is missing) is
-    "video", which indicates a single video.
-
-    For a video, the dictionaries must include the following fields:
-
-    id:             Video identifier.
-    title:          Video title, unescaped. Set to an empty string if video has
-                    no title as opposed to "None" which signifies that the
-                    extractor failed to obtain a title
-
-    Additionally, it must contain either a formats entry or a url one:
-
-    formats:        A list of dictionaries for each format available, ordered
-                    from worst to best quality.
-
-                    Potential fields:
-                    * url        The mandatory URL representing the media:
-                                   for plain file media - HTTP URL of this file,
-                                   for RTMP - RTMP URL,
-                                   for HLS - URL of the M3U8 media playlist,
-                                   for HDS - URL of the F4M manifest,
-                                   for DASH
-                                     - HTTP URL to plain file media (in case of
-                                       unfragmented media)
-                                     - URL of the MPD manifest or base URL
-                                       representing the media if MPD manifest
-                                       is parsed from a string (in case of
-                                       fragmented media)
-                                   for MSS - URL of the ISM manifest.
-                    * request_data  Data to send in POST request to the URL
-                    * manifest_url
-                                 The URL of the manifest file in case of
-                                 fragmented media:
-                                   for HLS - URL of the M3U8 master playlist,
-                                   for HDS - URL of the F4M manifest,
-                                   for DASH - URL of the MPD manifest,
-                                   for MSS - URL of the ISM manifest.
-                    * manifest_stream_number  (For internal use only)
-                                 The index of the stream in the manifest file
-                    * ext        Will be calculated from URL if missing
-                    * format     A human-readable description of the format
-                                 ("mp4 container with h264/opus").
-                                 Calculated from the format_id, width, height.
-                                 and format_note fields if missing.
-                    * format_id  A short description of the format
-                                 ("mp4_h264_opus" or "19").
-                                Technically optional, but strongly recommended.
-                    * format_note Additional info about the format
-                                 ("3D" or "DASH video")
-                    * width      Width of the video, if known
-                    * height     Height of the video, if known
-                    * aspect_ratio  Aspect ratio of the video, if known
-                                 Automatically calculated from width and height
-                    * resolution Textual description of width and height
-                                 Automatically calculated from width and height
-                    * dynamic_range The dynamic range of the video. One of:
-                                 "SDR" (None), "HDR10", "HDR10+, "HDR12", "HLG, "DV"
-                    * tbr        Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s
-                    * abr        Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
-                    * acodec     Name of the audio codec in use
-                    * asr        Audio sampling rate in Hertz
-                    * audio_channels  Number of audio channels
-                    * vbr        Average video bitrate in KBit/s
-                    * fps        Frame rate
-                    * vcodec     Name of the video codec in use
-                    * container  Name of the container format
-                    * filesize   The number of bytes, if known in advance
-                    * filesize_approx  An estimate for the number of bytes
-                    * player_url SWF Player URL (used for rtmpdump).
-                    * protocol   The protocol that will be used for the actual
-                                 download, lower-case. One of "http", "https" or
-                                 one of the protocols defined in downloader.PROTOCOL_MAP
-                    * fragment_base_url
-                                 Base URL for fragments. Each fragment's path
-                                 value (if present) will be relative to
-                                 this URL.
-                    * fragments  A list of fragments of a fragmented media.
-                                 Each fragment entry must contain either an url
-                                 or a path. If an url is present it should be
-                                 considered by a client. Otherwise both path and
-                                 fragment_base_url must be present. Here is
-                                 the list of all potential fields:
-                                 * "url" - fragment's URL
-                                 * "path" - fragment's path relative to
-                                            fragment_base_url
-                                 * "duration" (optional, int or float)
-                                 * "filesize" (optional, int)
-                    * is_from_start  Is a live format that can be downloaded
-                                from the start. Boolean
-                    * preference Order number of this format. If this field is
-                                 present and not None, the formats get sorted
-                                 by this field, regardless of all other values.
-                                 -1 for default (order by other properties),
-                                 -2 or smaller for less than default.
-                                 < -1000 to hide the format (if there is
-                                    another one which is strictly better)
-                    * language   Language code, e.g. "de" or "en-US".
-                    * language_preference  Is this in the language mentioned in
-                                 the URL?
-                                 10 if it's what the URL is about,
-                                 -1 for default (don't know),
-                                 -10 otherwise, other values reserved for now.
-                    * quality    Order number of the video quality of this
-                                 format, irrespective of the file format.
-                                 -1 for default (order by other properties),
-                                 -2 or smaller for less than default.
-                    * source_preference  Order number for this video source
-                                  (quality takes higher priority)
-                                 -1 for default (order by other properties),
-                                 -2 or smaller for less than default.
-                    * http_headers  A dictionary of additional HTTP headers
-                                 to add to the request.
-                    * stretched_ratio  If given and not 1, indicates that the
-                                 video's pixels are not square.
-                                 width : height ratio as float.
-                    * no_resume  The server does not support resuming the
-                                 (HTTP or RTMP) download. Boolean.
-                    * has_drm    True if the format has DRM and cannot be downloaded.
-                                 'maybe' if the format may have DRM and has to be tested before download.
-                    * extra_param_to_segment_url  A query string to append to each
-                                 fragment's URL, or to update each existing query string
-                                 with. Only applied by the native HLS/DASH downloaders.
-                    * hls_aes    A dictionary of HLS AES-128 decryption information
-                                 used by the native HLS downloader to override the
-                                 values in the media playlist when an '#EXT-X-KEY' tag
-                                 is present in the playlist:
-                                 * uri  The URI from which the key will be downloaded
-                                 * key  The key (as hex) used to decrypt fragments.
-                                        If `key` is given, any key URI will be ignored
-                                 * iv   The IV (as hex) used to decrypt fragments
-                    * downloader_options  A dictionary of downloader options
-                                 (For internal use only)
-                                 * http_chunk_size Chunk size for HTTP downloads
-                                 * ffmpeg_args     Extra arguments for ffmpeg downloader
-                    * is_dash_periods  Whether the format is a result of merging
-                                 multiple DASH periods.
-                    RTMP formats can also have the additional fields: page_url,
-                    app, play_path, tc_url, flash_version, rtmp_live, rtmp_conn,
-                    rtmp_protocol, rtmp_real_time
-
-    url:            Final video URL.
-    ext:            Video filename extension.
-    format:         The video format, defaults to ext (used for --get-format)
-    player_url:     SWF Player URL (used for rtmpdump).
-
-    The following fields are optional:
-
-    direct:         True if a direct video file was given (must only be set by GenericIE)
-    alt_title:      A secondary title of the video.
-    display_id:     An alternative identifier for the video, not necessarily
-                    unique, but available before title. Typically, id is
-                    something like "4234987", title "Dancing naked mole rats",
-                    and display_id "dancing-naked-mole-rats"
-    thumbnails:     A list of dictionaries, with the following entries:
-                        * "id" (optional, string) - Thumbnail format ID
-                        * "url"
-                        * "preference" (optional, int) - quality of the image
-                        * "width" (optional, int)
-                        * "height" (optional, int)
-                        * "resolution" (optional, string "{width}x{height}",
-                                        deprecated)
-                        * "filesize" (optional, int)
-                        * "http_headers" (dict) - HTTP headers for the request
-    thumbnail:      Full URL to a video thumbnail image.
-    description:    Full video description.
-    uploader:       Full name of the video uploader.
-    license:        License name the video is licensed under.
-    creators:       List of creators of the video.
-    timestamp:      UNIX timestamp of the moment the video was uploaded
-    upload_date:    Video upload date in UTC (YYYYMMDD).
-                    If not explicitly set, calculated from timestamp
-    release_timestamp: UNIX timestamp of the moment the video was released.
-                    If it is not clear whether to use timestamp or this, use the former
-    release_date:   The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was released in UTC.
-                    If not explicitly set, calculated from release_timestamp
-    release_year:   Year (YYYY) as integer when the video or album was released.
-                    To be used if no exact release date is known.
-                    If not explicitly set, calculated from release_date.
-    modified_timestamp: UNIX timestamp of the moment the video was last modified.
-    modified_date:   The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was last modified in UTC.
-                    If not explicitly set, calculated from modified_timestamp
-    uploader_id:    Nickname or id of the video uploader.
-    uploader_url:   Full URL to a personal webpage of the video uploader.
-    channel:        Full name of the channel the video is uploaded on.
-                    Note that channel fields may or may not repeat uploader
-                    fields. This depends on a particular extractor.
-    channel_id:     Id of the channel.
-    channel_url:    Full URL to a channel webpage.
-    channel_follower_count: Number of followers of the channel.
-    channel_is_verified: Whether the channel is verified on the platform.
-    location:       Physical location where the video was filmed.
-    subtitles:      The available subtitles as a dictionary in the format
-                    {tag: subformats}. "tag" is usually a language code, and
-                    "subformats" is a list sorted from lower to higher
-                    preference, each element is a dictionary with the "ext"
-                    entry and one of:
-                        * "data": The subtitles file contents
-                        * "url": A URL pointing to the subtitles file
-                    It can optionally also have:
-                        * "name": Name or description of the subtitles
-                        * "http_headers": A dictionary of additional HTTP headers
-                                  to add to the request.
-                    "ext" will be calculated from URL if missing
-    automatic_captions: Like 'subtitles'; contains automatically generated
-                    captions instead of normal subtitles
-    duration:       Length of the video in seconds, as an integer or float.
-    view_count:     How many users have watched the video on the platform.
-    concurrent_view_count: How many users are currently watching the video on the platform.
-    like_count:     Number of positive ratings of the video
-    dislike_count:  Number of negative ratings of the video
-    repost_count:   Number of reposts of the video
-    average_rating: Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
-    comment_count:  Number of comments on the video
-    comments:       A list of comments, each with one or more of the following
-                    properties (all but one of text or html optional):
-                        * "author" - human-readable name of the comment author
-                        * "author_id" - user ID of the comment author
-                        * "author_thumbnail" - The thumbnail of the comment author
-                        * "author_url" - The url to the comment author's page
-                        * "author_is_verified" - Whether the author is verified
-                                                 on the platform
-                        * "author_is_uploader" - Whether the comment is made by
-                                                 the video uploader
-                        * "id" - Comment ID
-                        * "html" - Comment as HTML
-                        * "text" - Plain text of the comment
-                        * "timestamp" - UNIX timestamp of comment
-                        * "parent" - ID of the comment this one is replying to.
-                                     Set to "root" to indicate that this is a
-                                     comment to the original video.
-                        * "like_count" - Number of positive ratings of the comment
-                        * "dislike_count" - Number of negative ratings of the comment
-                        * "is_favorited" - Whether the comment is marked as
-                                           favorite by the video uploader
-                        * "is_pinned" - Whether the comment is pinned to
-                                        the top of the comments
-    age_limit:      Age restriction for the video, as an integer (years)
-    webpage_url:    The URL to the video webpage, if given to yt-dlp it
-                    should allow to get the same result again. (It will be set
-                    by YoutubeDL if it's missing)
-    categories:     A list of categories that the video falls in, for example
-                    ["Sports", "Berlin"]
-    tags:           A list of tags assigned to the video, e.g. ["sweden", "pop music"]
-    cast:           A list of the video cast
-    is_live:        True, False, or None (=unknown). Whether this video is a
-                    live stream that goes on instead of a fixed-length video.
-    was_live:       True, False, or None (=unknown). Whether this video was
-                    originally a live stream.
-    live_status:    None (=unknown), 'is_live', 'is_upcoming', 'was_live', 'not_live',
-                    or 'post_live' (was live, but VOD is not yet processed)
-                    If absent, automatically set from is_live, was_live
-    start_time:     Time in seconds where the reproduction should start, as
-                    specified in the URL.
-    end_time:       Time in seconds where the reproduction should end, as
-                    specified in the URL.
-    chapters:       A list of dictionaries, with the following entries:
-                        * "start_time" - The start time of the chapter in seconds
-                        * "end_time" - The end time of the chapter in seconds
-                        * "title" (optional, string)
-    heatmap:        A list of dictionaries, with the following entries:
-                        * "start_time" - The start time of the data point in seconds
-                        * "end_time" - The end time of the data point in seconds
-                        * "value" - The normalized value of the data point (float between 0 and 1)
-    playable_in_embed: Whether this video is allowed to play in embedded
-                    players on other sites. Can be True (=always allowed),
-                    False (=never allowed), None (=unknown), or a string
-                    specifying the criteria for embedability; e.g. 'whitelist'
-    availability:   Under what condition the video is available. One of
-                    'private', 'premium_only', 'subscriber_only', 'needs_auth',
-                    'unlisted' or 'public'. Use 'InfoExtractor._availability'
-                    to set it
-    media_type:     The type of media as classified by the site, e.g. "episode", "clip", "trailer"
-    _old_archive_ids: A list of old archive ids needed for backward compatibility
-    _format_sort_fields: A list of fields to use for sorting formats
-    __post_extractor: A function to be called just before the metadata is
-                    written to either disk, logger or console. The function
-                    must return a dict which will be added to the info_dict.
-                    This is usefull for additional information that is
-                    time-consuming to extract. Note that the fields thus
-                    extracted will not be available to output template and
-                    match_filter. So, only "comments" and "comment_count" are
-                    currently allowed to be extracted via this method.
-
-    The following fields should only be used when the video belongs to some logical
-    chapter or section:
-
-    chapter:        Name or title of the chapter the video belongs to.
-    chapter_number: Number of the chapter the video belongs to, as an integer.
-    chapter_id:     Id of the chapter the video belongs to, as a unicode string.
-
-    The following fields should only be used when the video is an episode of some
-    series, programme or podcast:
-
-    series:         Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to.
-    series_id:      Id of the series or programme the video episode belongs to, as a unicode string.
-    season:         Title of the season the video episode belongs to.
-    season_number:  Number of the season the video episode belongs to, as an integer.
-    season_id:      Id of the season the video episode belongs to, as a unicode string.
-    episode:        Title of the video episode. Unlike mandatory video title field,
-                    this field should denote the exact title of the video episode
-                    without any kind of decoration.
-    episode_number: Number of the video episode within a season, as an integer.
-    episode_id:     Id of the video episode, as a unicode string.
-
-    The following fields should only be used when the media is a track or a part of
-    a music album:
-
-    track:          Title of the track.
-    track_number:   Number of the track within an album or a disc, as an integer.
-    track_id:       Id of the track (useful in case of custom indexing, e.g. 6.iii),
-                    as a unicode string.
-    artists:        List of artists of the track.
-    composers:      List of composers of the piece.
-    genres:         List of genres of the track.
-    album:          Title of the album the track belongs to.
-    album_type:     Type of the album (e.g. "Demo", "Full-length", "Split", "Compilation", etc).
-    album_artists:  List of all artists appeared on the album.
-                    E.g. ["Ash Borer", "Fell Voices"] or ["Various Artists"].
-                    Useful for splits and compilations.
-    disc_number:    Number of the disc or other physical medium the track belongs to,
-                    as an integer.
-
-    The following fields should only be set for clips that should be cut from the original video:
-
-    section_start:  Start time of the section in seconds
-    section_end:    End time of the section in seconds
-
-    The following fields should only be set for storyboards:
-    rows:           Number of rows in each storyboard fragment, as an integer
-    columns:        Number of columns in each storyboard fragment, as an integer
-
-    The following fields are deprecated and should not be set by new code:
-    composer:       Use "composers" instead.
-                    Composer(s) of the piece, comma-separated.
-    artist:         Use "artists" instead.
-                    Artist(s) of the track, comma-separated.
-    genre:          Use "genres" instead.
-                    Genre(s) of the track, comma-separated.
-    album_artist:   Use "album_artists" instead.
-                    All artists appeared on the album, comma-separated.
-    creator:        Use "creators" instead.
-                    The creator of the video.
-
-    Unless mentioned otherwise, the fields should be Unicode strings.
-
-    Unless mentioned otherwise, None is equivalent to absence of information.
-
-
-    _type "playlist" indicates multiple videos.
-    There must be a key "entries", which is a list, an iterable, or a PagedList
-    object, each element of which is a valid dictionary by this specification.
-
-    Additionally, playlists can have "id", "title", and any other relevant
-    attributes with the same semantics as videos (see above).
-
-    It can also have the following optional fields:
-
-    playlist_count: The total number of videos in a playlist. If not given,
-                    YoutubeDL tries to calculate it from "entries"
-
-
-    _type "multi_video" indicates that there are multiple videos that
-    form a single show, for examples multiple acts of an opera or TV episode.
-    It must have an entries key like a playlist and contain all the keys
-    required for a video at the same time.
-
-
-    _type "url" indicates that the video must be extracted from another
-    location, possibly by a different extractor. Its only required key is:
-    "url" - the next URL to extract.
-    The key "ie_key" can be set to the class name (minus the trailing "IE",
-    e.g. "Youtube") if the extractor class is known in advance.
-    Additionally, the dictionary may have any properties of the resolved entity
-    known in advance, for example "title" if the title of the referred video is
-    known ahead of time.
-
-
-    _type "url_transparent" entities have the same specification as "url", but
-    indicate that the given additional information is more precise than the one
-    associated with the resolved URL.
-    This is useful when a site employs a video service that hosts the video and
-    its technical metadata, but that video service does not embed a useful
-    title, description etc.
-
-
-    Subclasses of this should also be added to the list of extractors and
-    should define _VALID_URL as a regexp or a Sequence of regexps, and
-    re-define the _real_extract() and (optionally) _real_initialize() methods.
-
-    Subclasses may also override suitable() if necessary, but ensure the function
-    signature is preserved and that this function imports everything it needs
-    (except other extractors), so that lazy_extractors works correctly.
-
-    Subclasses can define a list of _EMBED_REGEX, which will be searched for in
-    the HTML of Generic webpages. It may also override _extract_embed_urls
-    or _extract_from_webpage as necessary. While these are normally classmethods,
-    _extract_from_webpage is allowed to be an instance method.
-
-    _extract_from_webpage may raise self.StopExtraction() to stop further
-    processing of the webpage and obtain exclusive rights to it. This is useful
-    when the extractor cannot reliably be matched using just the URL,
-    e.g. invidious/peertube instances
-
-    Embed-only extractors can be defined by setting _VALID_URL = False.
-
-    To support username + password (or netrc) login, the extractor must define a
-    _NETRC_MACHINE and re-define _perform_login(username, password) and
-    (optionally) _initialize_pre_login() methods. The _perform_login method will
-    be called between _initialize_pre_login and _real_initialize if credentials
-    are passed by the user. In cases where it is necessary to have the login
-    process as part of the extraction rather than initialization, _perform_login
-    can be left undefined.
-
-    _GEO_BYPASS attribute may be set to False in order to disable
-    geo restriction bypass mechanisms for a particular extractor.
-    Though it won't disable explicit geo restriction bypass based on
-    country code provided with geo_bypass_country.
-
-    _GEO_COUNTRIES attribute may contain a list of presumably geo unrestricted
-    countries for this extractor. One of these countries will be used by
-    geo restriction bypass mechanism right away in order to bypass
-    geo restriction, of course, if the mechanism is not disabled.
-
-    _GEO_IP_BLOCKS attribute may contain a list of presumably geo unrestricted
-    IP blocks in CIDR notation for this extractor. One of these IP blocks
-    will be used by geo restriction bypass mechanism similarly
-    to _GEO_COUNTRIES.
-
-    The _ENABLED attribute should be set to False for IEs that
-    are disabled by default and must be explicitly enabled.
-
-    The _WORKING attribute should be set to False for broken IEs
-    in order to warn the users and skip the tests.
-    """
-
-    _ready = False
-    _downloader = None
-    _x_forwarded_for_ip = None
-    _GEO_BYPASS = True
-    _GEO_COUNTRIES = None
-    _GEO_IP_BLOCKS = None
-    _WORKING = True
-    _ENABLED = True
-    _NETRC_MACHINE = None
-    IE_DESC = None
-    SEARCH_KEY = None
-    _VALID_URL = None
-    _EMBED_REGEX = []
-
-    def _login_hint(self, method=NO_DEFAULT, netrc=None):
-        password_hint = f'--username and --password, --netrc-cmd, or --netrc ({netrc or self._NETRC_MACHINE}) to provide account credentials'
-        return {
-            None: '',
-            'any': f'Use --cookies, --cookies-from-browser, {password_hint}',
-            'password': f'Use {password_hint}',
-            'cookies': (
-                'Use --cookies-from-browser or --cookies for the authentication. '
-                'See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-yt-dlp  for how to manually pass cookies'),
-        }[method if method is not NO_DEFAULT else 'any' if self.supports_login() else 'cookies']
-
-    def __init__(self, downloader=None):
-        """Constructor. Receives an optional downloader (a YoutubeDL instance).
-        If a downloader is not passed during initialization,
-        it must be set using "set_downloader()" before "extract()" is called"""
-        self._ready = False
-        self._x_forwarded_for_ip = None
-        self._printed_messages = set()
-        self.set_downloader(downloader)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _match_valid_url(cls, url):
-        if cls._VALID_URL is False:
-            return None
-        # This does not use has/getattr intentionally - we want to know whether
-        # we have cached the regexp for *this* class, whereas getattr would also
-        # match the superclass
-        if '_VALID_URL_RE' not in cls.__dict__:
-            cls._VALID_URL_RE = tuple(map(re.compile, variadic(cls._VALID_URL)))
-        return next(filter(None, (regex.match(url) for regex in cls._VALID_URL_RE)), None)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        """Receives a URL and returns True if suitable for this IE."""
-        # This function must import everything it needs (except other extractors),
-        # so that lazy_extractors works correctly
-        return cls._match_valid_url(url) is not None
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _match_id(cls, url):
-        return cls._match_valid_url(url).group('id')
-
-    @classmethod
-    def get_temp_id(cls, url):
-        try:
-            return cls._match_id(url)
-        except (IndexError, AttributeError):
-            return None
-
-    @classmethod
-    def working(cls):
-        """Getter method for _WORKING."""
-        return cls._WORKING
-
-    @classmethod
-    def supports_login(cls):
-        return bool(cls._NETRC_MACHINE)
-
-    def initialize(self):
-        """Initializes an instance (authentication, etc)."""
-        self._printed_messages = set()
-        self._initialize_geo_bypass({
-            'countries': self._GEO_COUNTRIES,
-            'ip_blocks': self._GEO_IP_BLOCKS,
-        })
-        if not self._ready:
-            self._initialize_pre_login()
-            if self.supports_login():
-                username, password = self._get_login_info()
-                if username:
-                    self._perform_login(username, password)
-            elif self.get_param('username') and False not in (self.IE_DESC, self._NETRC_MACHINE):
-                self.report_warning(f'Login with password is not supported for this website. {self._login_hint("cookies")}')
-            self._real_initialize()
-            self._ready = True
-
-    def _initialize_geo_bypass(self, geo_bypass_context):
-        """
-        Initialize geo restriction bypass mechanism.
-
-        This method is used to initialize geo bypass mechanism based on faking
-        X-Forwarded-For HTTP header. A random country from provided country list
-        is selected and a random IP belonging to this country is generated. This
-        IP will be passed as X-Forwarded-For HTTP header in all subsequent
-        HTTP requests.
-
-        This method will be used for initial geo bypass mechanism initialization
-        during the instance initialization with _GEO_COUNTRIES and
-        _GEO_IP_BLOCKS.
-
-        You may also manually call it from extractor's code if geo bypass
-        information is not available beforehand (e.g. obtained during
-        extraction) or due to some other reason. In this case you should pass
-        this information in geo bypass context passed as first argument. It may
-        contain following fields:
-
-        countries:  List of geo unrestricted countries (similar
-                    to _GEO_COUNTRIES)
-        ip_blocks:  List of geo unrestricted IP blocks in CIDR notation
-                    (similar to _GEO_IP_BLOCKS)
-
-        """
-        if not self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
-
-            # Geo bypass mechanism is explicitly disabled by user
-            if not self.get_param('geo_bypass', True):
-                return
-
-            if not geo_bypass_context:
-                geo_bypass_context = {}
-
-            # Backward compatibility: previously _initialize_geo_bypass
-            # expected a list of countries, some 3rd party code may still use
-            # it this way
-            if isinstance(geo_bypass_context, (list, tuple)):
-                geo_bypass_context = {
-                    'countries': geo_bypass_context,
-                }
-
-            # The whole point of geo bypass mechanism is to fake IP
-            # as X-Forwarded-For HTTP header based on some IP block or
-            # country code.
-
-            # Path 1: bypassing based on IP block in CIDR notation
-
-            # Explicit IP block specified by user, use it right away
-            # regardless of whether extractor is geo bypassable or not
-            ip_block = self.get_param('geo_bypass_ip_block', None)
-
-            # Otherwise use random IP block from geo bypass context but only
-            # if extractor is known as geo bypassable
-            if not ip_block:
-                ip_blocks = geo_bypass_context.get('ip_blocks')
-                if self._GEO_BYPASS and ip_blocks:
-                    ip_block = random.choice(ip_blocks)
-
-            if ip_block:
-                self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(ip_block)
-                self.write_debug(f'Using fake IP {self._x_forwarded_for_ip} as X-Forwarded-For')
-                return
-
-            # Path 2: bypassing based on country code
-
-            # Explicit country code specified by user, use it right away
-            # regardless of whether extractor is geo bypassable or not
-            country = self.get_param('geo_bypass_country', None)
-
-            # Otherwise use random country code from geo bypass context but
-            # only if extractor is known as geo bypassable
-            if not country:
-                countries = geo_bypass_context.get('countries')
-                if self._GEO_BYPASS and countries:
-                    country = random.choice(countries)
-
-            if country:
-                self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(country)
-                self._downloader.write_debug(
-                    f'Using fake IP {self._x_forwarded_for_ip} ({country.upper()}) as X-Forwarded-For')
-
-    def extract(self, url):
-        """Extracts URL information and returns it in list of dicts."""
-        try:
-            for _ in range(2):
-                try:
-                    self.initialize()
-                    self.to_screen('Extracting URL: %s' % (
-                        url if self.get_param('verbose') else truncate_string(url, 100, 20)))
-                    ie_result = self._real_extract(url)
-                    if ie_result is None:
-                        return None
-                    if self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
-                        ie_result['__x_forwarded_for_ip'] = self._x_forwarded_for_ip
-                    subtitles = ie_result.get('subtitles') or {}
-                    if 'no-live-chat' in self.get_param('compat_opts'):
-                        for lang in ('live_chat', 'comments', 'danmaku'):
-                            subtitles.pop(lang, None)
-                    return ie_result
-                except GeoRestrictedError as e:
-                    if self.__maybe_fake_ip_and_retry(e.countries):
-                        continue
-                    raise
-        except UnsupportedError:
-            raise
-        except ExtractorError as e:
-            e.video_id = e.video_id or self.get_temp_id(url)
-            e.ie = e.ie or self.IE_NAME
-            e.traceback = e.traceback or sys.exc_info()[2]
-            raise
-        except IncompleteRead as e:
-            raise ExtractorError('A network error has occurred.', cause=e, expected=True, video_id=self.get_temp_id(url))
-        except (KeyError, StopIteration) as e:
-            raise ExtractorError('An extractor error has occurred.', cause=e, video_id=self.get_temp_id(url))
-
-    def __maybe_fake_ip_and_retry(self, countries):
-        if (not self.get_param('geo_bypass_country', None)
-                and self._GEO_BYPASS
-                and self.get_param('geo_bypass', True)
-                and not self._x_forwarded_for_ip
-                and countries):
-            country_code = random.choice(countries)
-            self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(country_code)
-            if self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
-                self.report_warning(
-                    'Video is geo restricted. Retrying extraction with fake IP %s (%s) as X-Forwarded-For.'
-                    % (self._x_forwarded_for_ip, country_code.upper()))
-                return True
-        return False
-
-    def set_downloader(self, downloader):
-        """Sets a YoutubeDL instance as the downloader for this IE."""
-        self._downloader = downloader
-
-    @property
-    def cache(self):
-        return self._downloader.cache
-
-    @property
-    def cookiejar(self):
-        return self._downloader.cookiejar
-
-    def _initialize_pre_login(self):
-        """ Initialization before login. Redefine in subclasses."""
-        pass
-
-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        """ Login with username and password. Redefine in subclasses."""
-        pass
-
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        """Real initialization process. Redefine in subclasses."""
-        pass
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        """Real extraction process. Redefine in subclasses."""
-        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
-
-    @classmethod
-    def ie_key(cls):
-        """A string for getting the InfoExtractor with get_info_extractor"""
-        return cls.__name__[:-2]
-
-    @classproperty
-    def IE_NAME(cls):
-        return cls.__name__[:-2]
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def __can_accept_status_code(err, expected_status):
-        assert isinstance(err, HTTPError)
-        if expected_status is None:
-            return False
-        elif callable(expected_status):
-            return expected_status(err.status) is True
-        else:
-            return err.status in variadic(expected_status)
-
-    def _create_request(self, url_or_request, data=None, headers=None, query=None):
-        if isinstance(url_or_request, urllib.request.Request):
-            self._downloader.deprecation_warning(
-                'Passing a urllib.request.Request to _create_request() is deprecated. '
-                'Use yt_dlp.networking.common.Request instead.')
-            url_or_request = urllib_req_to_req(url_or_request)
-        elif not isinstance(url_or_request, Request):
-            url_or_request = Request(url_or_request)
-
-        url_or_request.update(data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
-        return url_or_request
-
-    def _request_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, data=None, headers=None, query=None, expected_status=None):
-        """
-        Return the response handle.
-
-        See _download_webpage docstring for arguments specification.
-        """
-        if not self._downloader._first_webpage_request:
-            sleep_interval = self.get_param('sleep_interval_requests') or 0
-            if sleep_interval > 0:
-                self.to_screen('Sleeping %s seconds ...' % sleep_interval)
-                time.sleep(sleep_interval)
-        else:
-            self._downloader._first_webpage_request = False
-
-        if note is None:
-            self.report_download_webpage(video_id)
-        elif note is not False:
-            if video_id is None:
-                self.to_screen(str(note))
-            else:
-                self.to_screen(f'{video_id}: {note}')
-
-        # Some sites check X-Forwarded-For HTTP header in order to figure out
-        # the origin of the client behind proxy. This allows bypassing geo
-        # restriction by faking this header's value to IP that belongs to some
-        # geo unrestricted country. We will do so once we encounter any
-        # geo restriction error.
-        if self._x_forwarded_for_ip:
-            headers = (headers or {}).copy()
-            headers.setdefault('X-Forwarded-For', self._x_forwarded_for_ip)
-
-        try:
-            return self._downloader.urlopen(self._create_request(url_or_request, data, headers, query))
-        except network_exceptions as err:
-            if isinstance(err, HTTPError):
-                if self.__can_accept_status_code(err, expected_status):
-                    return err.response
-
-            if errnote is False:
-                return False
-            if errnote is None:
-                errnote = 'Unable to download webpage'
-
-            errmsg = f'{errnote}: {error_to_compat_str(err)}'
-            if fatal:
-                raise ExtractorError(errmsg, cause=err)
-            else:
-                self.report_warning(errmsg)
-                return False
-
-    def _download_webpage_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True,
-                                 encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None):
-        """
-        Return a tuple (page content as string, URL handle).
-
-        Arguments:
-        url_or_request -- plain text URL as a string or
-            a urllib.request.Request object
-        video_id -- Video/playlist/item identifier (string)
-
-        Keyword arguments:
-        note -- note printed before downloading (string)
-        errnote -- note printed in case of an error (string)
-        fatal -- flag denoting whether error should be considered fatal,
-            i.e. whether it should cause ExtractionError to be raised,
-            otherwise a warning will be reported and extraction continued
-        encoding -- encoding for a page content decoding, guessed automatically
-            when not explicitly specified
-        data -- POST data (bytes)
-        headers -- HTTP headers (dict)
-        query -- URL query (dict)
-        expected_status -- allows to accept failed HTTP requests (non 2xx
-            status code) by explicitly specifying a set of accepted status
-            codes. Can be any of the following entities:
-                - an integer type specifying an exact failed status code to
-                  accept
-                - a list or a tuple of integer types specifying a list of
-                  failed status codes to accept
-                - a callable accepting an actual failed status code and
-                  returning True if it should be accepted
-            Note that this argument does not affect success status codes (2xx)
-            which are always accepted.
-        """
-
-        # Strip hashes from the URL (#1038)
-        if isinstance(url_or_request, str):
-            url_or_request = url_or_request.partition('#')[0]
-
-        urlh = self._request_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, data=data, headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=expected_status)
-        if urlh is False:
-            assert not fatal
-            return False
-        content = self._webpage_read_content(urlh, url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal, encoding=encoding)
-        return (content, urlh)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _guess_encoding_from_content(content_type, webpage_bytes):
-        m = re.match(r'[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+/[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+\s*;\s*charset=(.+)', content_type)
-        if m:
-            encoding = m.group(1)
-        else:
-            m = re.search(br'<meta[^>]+charset=[\'"]?([^\'")]+)[ /\'">]',
-                          webpage_bytes[:1024])
-            if m:
-                encoding = m.group(1).decode('ascii')
-            elif webpage_bytes.startswith(b'\xff\xfe'):
-                encoding = 'utf-16'
-            else:
-                encoding = 'utf-8'
-
-        return encoding
-
-    def __check_blocked(self, content):
-        first_block = content[:512]
-        if ('<title>Access to this site is blocked</title>' in content
-                and 'Websense' in first_block):
-            msg = 'Access to this webpage has been blocked by Websense filtering software in your network.'
-            blocked_iframe = self._html_search_regex(
-                r'<iframe src="([^"]+)"', content,
-                'Websense information URL', default=None)
-            if blocked_iframe:
-                msg += ' Visit %s for more details' % blocked_iframe
-            raise ExtractorError(msg, expected=True)
-        if '<title>The URL you requested has been blocked</title>' in first_block:
-            msg = (
-                'Access to this webpage has been blocked by Indian censorship. '
-                'Use a VPN or proxy server (with --proxy) to route around it.')
-            block_msg = self._html_search_regex(
-                r'</h1><p>(.*?)</p>',
-                content, 'block message', default=None)
-            if block_msg:
-                msg += ' (Message: "%s")' % block_msg.replace('\n', ' ')
-            raise ExtractorError(msg, expected=True)
-        if ('<title>TTK :: Доступ к ресурсу ограничен</title>' in content
-                and 'blocklist.rkn.gov.ru' in content):
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                'Access to this webpage has been blocked by decision of the Russian government. '
-                'Visit http://blocklist.rkn.gov.ru/ for a block reason.',
-                expected=True)
-
-    def _request_dump_filename(self, url, video_id):
-        basen = f'{video_id}_{url}'
-        trim_length = self.get_param('trim_file_name') or 240
-        if len(basen) > trim_length:
-            h = '___' + hashlib.md5(basen.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
-            basen = basen[:trim_length - len(h)] + h
-        filename = sanitize_filename(f'{basen}.dump', restricted=True)
-        # Working around MAX_PATH limitation on Windows (see
-        # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx)
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
-            absfilepath = os.path.abspath(filename)
-            if len(absfilepath) > 259:
-                filename = fR'\\?\{absfilepath}'
-        return filename
-
-    def __decode_webpage(self, webpage_bytes, encoding, headers):
-        if not encoding:
-            encoding = self._guess_encoding_from_content(headers.get('Content-Type', ''), webpage_bytes)
-        try:
-            return webpage_bytes.decode(encoding, 'replace')
-        except LookupError:
-            return webpage_bytes.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
-
-    def _webpage_read_content(self, urlh, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, prefix=None, encoding=None):
-        webpage_bytes = urlh.read()
-        if prefix is not None:
-            webpage_bytes = prefix + webpage_bytes
-        if self.get_param('dump_intermediate_pages', False):
-            self.to_screen('Dumping request to ' + urlh.url)
-            dump = base64.b64encode(webpage_bytes).decode('ascii')
-            self._downloader.to_screen(dump)
-        if self.get_param('write_pages'):
-            filename = self._request_dump_filename(urlh.url, video_id)
-            self.to_screen(f'Saving request to {filename}')
-            with open(filename, 'wb') as outf:
-                outf.write(webpage_bytes)
-
-        content = self.__decode_webpage(webpage_bytes, encoding, urlh.headers)
-        self.__check_blocked(content)
-
-        return content
-
-    def __print_error(self, errnote, fatal, video_id, err):
-        if fatal:
-            raise ExtractorError(f'{video_id}: {errnote}', cause=err)
-        elif errnote:
-            self.report_warning(f'{video_id}: {errnote}: {err}')
-
-    def _parse_xml(self, xml_string, video_id, transform_source=None, fatal=True, errnote=None):
-        if transform_source:
-            xml_string = transform_source(xml_string)
-        try:
-            return compat_etree_fromstring(xml_string.encode('utf-8'))
-        except xml.etree.ElementTree.ParseError as ve:
-            self.__print_error('Failed to parse XML' if errnote is None else errnote, fatal, video_id, ve)
-
-    def _parse_json(self, json_string, video_id, transform_source=None, fatal=True, errnote=None, **parser_kwargs):
-        try:
-            return json.loads(
-                json_string, cls=LenientJSONDecoder, strict=False, transform_source=transform_source, **parser_kwargs)
-        except ValueError as ve:
-            self.__print_error('Failed to parse JSON' if errnote is None else errnote, fatal, video_id, ve)
-
-    def _parse_socket_response_as_json(self, data, *args, **kwargs):
-        return self._parse_json(data[data.find('{'):data.rfind('}') + 1], *args, **kwargs)
-
-    def __create_download_methods(name, parser, note, errnote, return_value):
-
-        def parse(ie, content, *args, errnote=errnote, **kwargs):
-            if parser is None:
-                return content
-            if errnote is False:
-                kwargs['errnote'] = errnote
-            # parser is fetched by name so subclasses can override it
-            return getattr(ie, parser)(content, *args, **kwargs)
-
-        def download_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=note, errnote=errnote, transform_source=None,
-                            fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None):
-            res = self._download_webpage_handle(
-                url_or_request, video_id, note=note, errnote=errnote, fatal=fatal, encoding=encoding,
-                data=data, headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=expected_status)
-            if res is False:
-                return res
-            content, urlh = res
-            return parse(self, content, video_id, transform_source=transform_source, fatal=fatal, errnote=errnote), urlh
-
-        def download_content(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=note, errnote=errnote, transform_source=None,
-                             fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None):
-            if self.get_param('load_pages'):
-                url_or_request = self._create_request(url_or_request, data, headers, query)
-                filename = self._request_dump_filename(url_or_request.url, video_id)
-                self.to_screen(f'Loading request from {filename}')
-                try:
-                    with open(filename, 'rb') as dumpf:
-                        webpage_bytes = dumpf.read()
-                except OSError as e:
-                    self.report_warning(f'Unable to load request from disk: {e}')
-                else:
-                    content = self.__decode_webpage(webpage_bytes, encoding, url_or_request.headers)
-                    return parse(self, content, video_id, transform_source=transform_source, fatal=fatal, errnote=errnote)
-            kwargs = {
-                'note': note,
-                'errnote': errnote,
-                'transform_source': transform_source,
-                'fatal': fatal,
-                'encoding': encoding,
-                'data': data,
-                'headers': headers,
-                'query': query,
-                'expected_status': expected_status,
-            }
-            if parser is None:
-                kwargs.pop('transform_source')
-            # The method is fetched by name so subclasses can override _download_..._handle
-            res = getattr(self, download_handle.__name__)(url_or_request, video_id, **kwargs)
-            return res if res is False else res[0]
-
-        def impersonate(func, name, return_value):
-            func.__name__, func.__qualname__ = name, f'InfoExtractor.{name}'
-            func.__doc__ = f'''
-                @param transform_source     Apply this transformation before parsing
-                @returns                    {return_value}
-
-                See _download_webpage_handle docstring for other arguments specification
-            '''
-
-        impersonate(download_handle, f'_download_{name}_handle', f'({return_value}, URL handle)')
-        impersonate(download_content, f'_download_{name}', f'{return_value}')
-        return download_handle, download_content
-
-    _download_xml_handle, _download_xml = __create_download_methods(
-        'xml', '_parse_xml', 'Downloading XML', 'Unable to download XML', 'xml as an xml.etree.ElementTree.Element')
-    _download_json_handle, _download_json = __create_download_methods(
-        'json', '_parse_json', 'Downloading JSON metadata', 'Unable to download JSON metadata', 'JSON object as a dict')
-    _download_socket_json_handle, _download_socket_json = __create_download_methods(
-        'socket_json', '_parse_socket_response_as_json', 'Polling socket', 'Unable to poll socket', 'JSON object as a dict')
-    __download_webpage = __create_download_methods('webpage', None, None, None, 'data of the page as a string')[1]
-
-    def _download_webpage(
-            self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None,
-            fatal=True, tries=1, timeout=NO_DEFAULT, *args, **kwargs):
-        """
-        Return the data of the page as a string.
-
-        Keyword arguments:
-        tries -- number of tries
-        timeout -- sleep interval between tries
-
-        See _download_webpage_handle docstring for other arguments specification.
-        """
-
-        R''' # NB: These are unused; should they be deprecated?
-        if tries != 1:
-            self._downloader.deprecation_warning('tries argument is deprecated in InfoExtractor._download_webpage')
-        if timeout is NO_DEFAULT:
-            timeout = 5
-        else:
-            self._downloader.deprecation_warning('timeout argument is deprecated in InfoExtractor._download_webpage')
-        '''
-
-        try_count = 0
-        while True:
-            try:
-                return self.__download_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, None, fatal, *args, **kwargs)
-            except IncompleteRead as e:
-                try_count += 1
-                if try_count >= tries:
-                    raise e
-                self._sleep(timeout, video_id)
-
-    def report_warning(self, msg, video_id=None, *args, only_once=False, **kwargs):
-        idstr = format_field(video_id, None, '%s: ')
-        msg = f'[{self.IE_NAME}] {idstr}{msg}'
-        if only_once:
-            if f'WARNING: {msg}' in self._printed_messages:
-                return
-            self._printed_messages.add(f'WARNING: {msg}')
-        self._downloader.report_warning(msg, *args, **kwargs)
-
-    def to_screen(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
-        """Print msg to screen, prefixing it with '[ie_name]'"""
-        self._downloader.to_screen(f'[{self.IE_NAME}] {msg}', *args, **kwargs)
-
-    def write_debug(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
-        self._downloader.write_debug(f'[{self.IE_NAME}] {msg}', *args, **kwargs)
-
-    def get_param(self, name, default=None, *args, **kwargs):
-        if self._downloader:
-            return self._downloader.params.get(name, default, *args, **kwargs)
-        return default
-
-    def report_drm(self, video_id, partial=NO_DEFAULT):
-        if partial is not NO_DEFAULT:
-            self._downloader.deprecation_warning('InfoExtractor.report_drm no longer accepts the argument partial')
-        self.raise_no_formats('This video is DRM protected', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
-
-    def report_extraction(self, id_or_name):
-        """Report information extraction."""
-        self.to_screen('%s: Extracting information' % id_or_name)
-
-    def report_download_webpage(self, video_id):
-        """Report webpage download."""
-        self.to_screen('%s: Downloading webpage' % video_id)
-
-    def report_age_confirmation(self):
-        """Report attempt to confirm age."""
-        self.to_screen('Confirming age')
-
-    def report_login(self):
-        """Report attempt to log in."""
-        self.to_screen('Logging in')
-
-    def raise_login_required(
-            self, msg='This video is only available for registered users',
-            metadata_available=False, method=NO_DEFAULT):
-        if metadata_available and (
-                self.get_param('ignore_no_formats_error') or self.get_param('wait_for_video')):
-            self.report_warning(msg)
-            return
-        msg += format_field(self._login_hint(method), None, '. %s')
-        raise ExtractorError(msg, expected=True)
-
-    def raise_geo_restricted(
-            self, msg='This video is not available from your location due to geo restriction',
-            countries=None, metadata_available=False):
-        if metadata_available and (
-                self.get_param('ignore_no_formats_error') or self.get_param('wait_for_video')):
-            self.report_warning(msg)
-        else:
-            raise GeoRestrictedError(msg, countries=countries)
-
-    def raise_no_formats(self, msg, expected=False, video_id=None):
-        if expected and (
-                self.get_param('ignore_no_formats_error') or self.get_param('wait_for_video')):
-            self.report_warning(msg, video_id)
-        elif isinstance(msg, ExtractorError):
-            raise msg
-        else:
-            raise ExtractorError(msg, expected=expected, video_id=video_id)
-
-    # Methods for following #608
-    @staticmethod
-    def url_result(url, ie=None, video_id=None, video_title=None, *, url_transparent=False, **kwargs):
-        """Returns a URL that points to a page that should be processed"""
-        if ie is not None:
-            kwargs['ie_key'] = ie if isinstance(ie, str) else ie.ie_key()
-        if video_id is not None:
-            kwargs['id'] = video_id
-        if video_title is not None:
-            kwargs['title'] = video_title
-        return {
-            **kwargs,
-            '_type': 'url_transparent' if url_transparent else 'url',
-            'url': url,
-        }
-
-    @classmethod
-    def playlist_from_matches(cls, matches, playlist_id=None, playlist_title=None,
-                              getter=IDENTITY, ie=None, video_kwargs=None, **kwargs):
-        return cls.playlist_result(
-            (cls.url_result(m, ie, **(video_kwargs or {})) for m in orderedSet(map(getter, matches), lazy=True)),
-            playlist_id, playlist_title, **kwargs)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def playlist_result(entries, playlist_id=None, playlist_title=None, playlist_description=None, *, multi_video=False, **kwargs):
-        """Returns a playlist"""
-        if playlist_id:
-            kwargs['id'] = playlist_id
-        if playlist_title:
-            kwargs['title'] = playlist_title
-        if playlist_description is not None:
-            kwargs['description'] = playlist_description
-        return {
-            **kwargs,
-            '_type': 'multi_video' if multi_video else 'playlist',
-            'entries': entries,
-        }
-
-    def _search_regex(self, pattern, string, name, default=NO_DEFAULT, fatal=True, flags=0, group=None):
-        """
-        Perform a regex search on the given string, using a single or a list of
-        patterns returning the first matching group.
-        In case of failure return a default value or raise a WARNING or a
-        RegexNotFoundError, depending on fatal, specifying the field name.
-        """
-        if string is None:
-            mobj = None
-        elif isinstance(pattern, (str, re.Pattern)):
-            mobj = re.search(pattern, string, flags)
-        else:
-            for p in pattern:
-                mobj = re.search(p, string, flags)
-                if mobj:
-                    break
-
-        _name = self._downloader._format_err(name, self._downloader.Styles.EMPHASIS)
-
-        if mobj:
-            if group is None:
-                # return the first matching group
-                return next(g for g in mobj.groups() if g is not None)
-            elif isinstance(group, (list, tuple)):
-                return tuple(mobj.group(g) for g in group)
-            else:
-                return mobj.group(group)
-        elif default is not NO_DEFAULT:
-            return default
-        elif fatal:
-            raise RegexNotFoundError('Unable to extract %s' % _name)
-        else:
-            self.report_warning('unable to extract %s' % _name + bug_reports_message())
-            return None
-
-    def _search_json(self, start_pattern, string, name, video_id, *, end_pattern='',
-                     contains_pattern=r'{(?s:.+)}', fatal=True, default=NO_DEFAULT, **kwargs):
-        """Searches string for the JSON object specified by start_pattern"""
-        # NB: end_pattern is only used to reduce the size of the initial match
-        if default is NO_DEFAULT:
-            default, has_default = {}, False
-        else:
-            fatal, has_default = False, True
-
-        json_string = self._search_regex(
-            rf'(?:{start_pattern})\s*(?P<json>{contains_pattern})\s*(?:{end_pattern})',
-            string, name, group='json', fatal=fatal, default=None if has_default else NO_DEFAULT)
-        if not json_string:
-            return default
-
-        _name = self._downloader._format_err(name, self._downloader.Styles.EMPHASIS)
-        try:
-            return self._parse_json(json_string, video_id, ignore_extra=True, **kwargs)
-        except ExtractorError as e:
-            if fatal:
-                raise ExtractorError(
-                    f'Unable to extract {_name} - Failed to parse JSON', cause=e.cause, video_id=video_id)
-            elif not has_default:
-                self.report_warning(
-                    f'Unable to extract {_name} - Failed to parse JSON: {e}', video_id=video_id)
-        return default
-
-    def _html_search_regex(self, pattern, string, name, default=NO_DEFAULT, fatal=True, flags=0, group=None):
-        """
-        Like _search_regex, but strips HTML tags and unescapes entities.
-        """
-        res = self._search_regex(pattern, string, name, default, fatal, flags, group)
-        if isinstance(res, tuple):
-            return tuple(map(clean_html, res))
-        return clean_html(res)
-
-    def _get_netrc_login_info(self, netrc_machine=None):
-        netrc_machine = netrc_machine or self._NETRC_MACHINE
-
-        cmd = self.get_param('netrc_cmd')
-        if cmd:
-            cmd = cmd.replace('{}', netrc_machine)
-            self.to_screen(f'Executing command: {cmd}')
-            stdout, _, ret = Popen.run(cmd, text=True, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
-            if ret != 0:
-                raise OSError(f'Command returned error code {ret}')
-            info = netrc_from_content(stdout).authenticators(netrc_machine)
-
-        elif self.get_param('usenetrc', False):
-            netrc_file = compat_expanduser(self.get_param('netrc_location') or '~')
-            if os.path.isdir(netrc_file):
-                netrc_file = os.path.join(netrc_file, '.netrc')
-            info = netrc.netrc(netrc_file).authenticators(netrc_machine)
-
-        else:
-            return None, None
-        if not info:
-            self.to_screen(f'No authenticators for {netrc_machine}')
-            return None, None
-
-        self.write_debug(f'Using netrc for {netrc_machine} authentication')
-        return info[0], info[2]
-
-    def _get_login_info(self, username_option='username', password_option='password', netrc_machine=None):
-        """
-        Get the login info as (username, password)
-        First look for the manually specified credentials using username_option
-        and password_option as keys in params dictionary. If no such credentials
-        are available try the netrc_cmd if it is defined or look in the
-        netrc file using the netrc_machine or _NETRC_MACHINE value.
-        If there's no info available, return (None, None)
-        """
-
-        username = self.get_param(username_option)
-        if username is not None:
-            password = self.get_param(password_option)
-        else:
-            try:
-                username, password = self._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine)
-            except (OSError, netrc.NetrcParseError) as err:
-                self.report_warning(f'Failed to parse .netrc: {err}')
-                return None, None
-        return username, password
-
-    def _get_tfa_info(self, note='two-factor verification code'):
-        """
-        Get the two-factor authentication info
-        TODO - asking the user will be required for sms/phone verify
-        currently just uses the command line option
-        If there's no info available, return None
-        """
-
-        tfa = self.get_param('twofactor')
-        if tfa is not None:
-            return tfa
-
-        return getpass.getpass('Type %s and press [Return]: ' % note)
-
-    # Helper functions for extracting OpenGraph info
-    @staticmethod
-    def _og_regexes(prop):
-        content_re = r'content=(?:"([^"]+?)"|\'([^\']+?)\'|\s*([^\s"\'=<>`]+?)(?=\s|/?>))'
-        property_re = (r'(?:name|property)=(?:\'og%(sep)s%(prop)s\'|"og%(sep)s%(prop)s"|\s*og%(sep)s%(prop)s\b)'
-                       % {'prop': re.escape(prop), 'sep': '(?:&#x3A;|[:-])'})
-        template = r'<meta[^>]+?%s[^>]+?%s'
-        return [
-            template % (property_re, content_re),
-            template % (content_re, property_re),
-        ]
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _meta_regex(prop):
-        return r'''(?isx)<meta
-                    (?=[^>]+(?:itemprop|name|property|id|http-equiv)=(["\']?)%s\1)
-                    [^>]+?content=(["\'])(?P<content>.*?)\2''' % re.escape(prop)
-
-    def _og_search_property(self, prop, html, name=None, **kargs):
-        prop = variadic(prop)
-        if name is None:
-            name = 'OpenGraph %s' % prop[0]
-        og_regexes = []
-        for p in prop:
-            og_regexes.extend(self._og_regexes(p))
-        escaped = self._search_regex(og_regexes, html, name, flags=re.DOTALL, **kargs)
-        if escaped is None:
-            return None
-        return unescapeHTML(escaped)
-
-    def _og_search_thumbnail(self, html, **kargs):
-        return self._og_search_property('image', html, 'thumbnail URL', fatal=False, **kargs)
-
-    def _og_search_description(self, html, **kargs):
-        return self._og_search_property('description', html, fatal=False, **kargs)
-
-    def _og_search_title(self, html, *, fatal=False, **kargs):
-        return self._og_search_property('title', html, fatal=fatal, **kargs)
-
-    def _og_search_video_url(self, html, name='video url', secure=True, **kargs):
-        regexes = self._og_regexes('video') + self._og_regexes('video:url')
-        if secure:
-            regexes = self._og_regexes('video:secure_url') + regexes
-        return self._html_search_regex(regexes, html, name, **kargs)
-
-    def _og_search_url(self, html, **kargs):
-        return self._og_search_property('url', html, **kargs)
-
-    def _html_extract_title(self, html, name='title', *, fatal=False, **kwargs):
-        return self._html_search_regex(r'(?s)<title\b[^>]*>([^<]+)</title>', html, name, fatal=fatal, **kwargs)
-
-    def _html_search_meta(self, name, html, display_name=None, fatal=False, **kwargs):
-        name = variadic(name)
-        if display_name is None:
-            display_name = name[0]
-        return self._html_search_regex(
-            [self._meta_regex(n) for n in name],
-            html, display_name, fatal=fatal, group='content', **kwargs)
-
-    def _dc_search_uploader(self, html):
-        return self._html_search_meta('dc.creator', html, 'uploader')
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _rta_search(html):
-        # See http://www.rtalabel.org/index.php?content=howtofaq#single
-        if re.search(r'(?ix)<meta\s+name="rating"\s+'
-                     r'     content="RTA-5042-1996-1400-1577-RTA"',
-                     html):
-            return 18
-
-        # And then there are the jokers who advertise that they use RTA, but actually don't.
-        AGE_LIMIT_MARKERS = [
-            r'Proudly Labeled <a href="http://www\.rtalabel\.org/" title="Restricted to Adults">RTA</a>',
-            r'>[^<]*you acknowledge you are at least (\d+) years old',
-            r'>\s*(?:18\s+U(?:\.S\.C\.|SC)\s+)?(?:§+\s*)?2257\b',
-        ]
-
-        age_limit = 0
-        for marker in AGE_LIMIT_MARKERS:
-            mobj = re.search(marker, html)
-            if mobj:
-                age_limit = max(age_limit, int(traverse_obj(mobj, 1, default=18)))
-        return age_limit
-
-    def _media_rating_search(self, html):
-        # See http://www.tjg-designs.com/WP/metadata-code-examples-adding-metadata-to-your-web-pages/
-        rating = self._html_search_meta('rating', html)
-
-        if not rating:
-            return None
-
-        RATING_TABLE = {
-            'safe for kids': 0,
-            'general': 8,
-            '14 years': 14,
-            'mature': 17,
-            'restricted': 19,
-        }
-        return RATING_TABLE.get(rating.lower())
-
-    def _family_friendly_search(self, html):
-        # See http://schema.org/VideoObject
-        family_friendly = self._html_search_meta(
-            'isFamilyFriendly', html, default=None)
-
-        if not family_friendly:
-            return None
-
-        RATING_TABLE = {
-            '1': 0,
-            'true': 0,
-            '0': 18,
-            'false': 18,
-        }
-        return RATING_TABLE.get(family_friendly.lower())
-
-    def _twitter_search_player(self, html):
-        return self._html_search_meta('twitter:player', html,
-                                      'twitter card player')
-
-    def _yield_json_ld(self, html, video_id, *, fatal=True, default=NO_DEFAULT):
-        """Yield all json ld objects in the html"""
-        if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
-            fatal = False
-        for mobj in re.finditer(JSON_LD_RE, html):
-            json_ld_item = self._parse_json(mobj.group('json_ld'), video_id, fatal=fatal)
-            for json_ld in variadic(json_ld_item):
-                if isinstance(json_ld, dict):
-                    yield json_ld
-
-    def _search_json_ld(self, html, video_id, expected_type=None, *, fatal=True, default=NO_DEFAULT):
-        """Search for a video in any json ld in the html"""
-        if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
-            fatal = False
-        info = self._json_ld(
-            list(self._yield_json_ld(html, video_id, fatal=fatal, default=default)),
-            video_id, fatal=fatal, expected_type=expected_type)
-        if info:
-            return info
-        if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
-            return default
-        elif fatal:
-            raise RegexNotFoundError('Unable to extract JSON-LD')
-        else:
-            self.report_warning('unable to extract JSON-LD %s' % bug_reports_message())
-            return {}
-
-    def _json_ld(self, json_ld, video_id, fatal=True, expected_type=None):
-        if isinstance(json_ld, str):
-            json_ld = self._parse_json(json_ld, video_id, fatal=fatal)
-        if not json_ld:
-            return {}
-        info = {}
-
-        INTERACTION_TYPE_MAP = {
-            'CommentAction': 'comment',
-            'AgreeAction': 'like',
-            'DisagreeAction': 'dislike',
-            'LikeAction': 'like',
-            'DislikeAction': 'dislike',
-            'ListenAction': 'view',
-            'WatchAction': 'view',
-            'ViewAction': 'view',
-        }
-
-        def is_type(e, *expected_types):
-            type = variadic(traverse_obj(e, '@type'))
-            return any(x in type for x in expected_types)
-
-        def extract_interaction_type(e):
-            interaction_type = e.get('interactionType')
-            if isinstance(interaction_type, dict):
-                interaction_type = interaction_type.get('@type')
-            return str_or_none(interaction_type)
-
-        def extract_interaction_statistic(e):
-            interaction_statistic = e.get('interactionStatistic')
-            if isinstance(interaction_statistic, dict):
-                interaction_statistic = [interaction_statistic]
-            if not isinstance(interaction_statistic, list):
-                return
-            for is_e in interaction_statistic:
-                if not is_type(is_e, 'InteractionCounter'):
-                    continue
-                interaction_type = extract_interaction_type(is_e)
-                if not interaction_type:
-                    continue
-                # For interaction count some sites provide string instead of
-                # an integer (as per spec) with non digit characters (e.g. ",")
-                # so extracting count with more relaxed str_to_int
-                interaction_count = str_to_int(is_e.get('userInteractionCount'))
-                if interaction_count is None:
-                    continue
-                count_kind = INTERACTION_TYPE_MAP.get(interaction_type.split('/')[-1])
-                if not count_kind:
-                    continue
-                count_key = '%s_count' % count_kind
-                if info.get(count_key) is not None:
-                    continue
-                info[count_key] = interaction_count
-
-        def extract_chapter_information(e):
-            chapters = [{
-                'title': part.get('name'),
-                'start_time': part.get('startOffset'),
-                'end_time': part.get('endOffset'),
-            } for part in variadic(e.get('hasPart') or []) if part.get('@type') == 'Clip']
-            for idx, (last_c, current_c, next_c) in enumerate(zip(
-                    [{'end_time': 0}] + chapters, chapters, chapters[1:])):
-                current_c['end_time'] = current_c['end_time'] or next_c['start_time']
-                current_c['start_time'] = current_c['start_time'] or last_c['end_time']
-                if None in current_c.values():
-                    self.report_warning(f'Chapter {idx} contains broken data. Not extracting chapters')
-                    return
-            if chapters:
-                chapters[-1]['end_time'] = chapters[-1]['end_time'] or info['duration']
-                info['chapters'] = chapters
-
-        def extract_video_object(e):
-            author = e.get('author')
-            info.update({
-                'url': url_or_none(e.get('contentUrl')),
-                'ext': mimetype2ext(e.get('encodingFormat')),
-                'title': unescapeHTML(e.get('name')),
-                'description': unescapeHTML(e.get('description')),
-                'thumbnails': [{'url': unescapeHTML(url)}
-                               for url in variadic(traverse_obj(e, 'thumbnailUrl', 'thumbnailURL'))
-                               if url_or_none(url)],
-                'duration': parse_duration(e.get('duration')),
-                'timestamp': unified_timestamp(e.get('uploadDate')),
-                # author can be an instance of 'Organization' or 'Person' types.
-                # both types can have 'name' property(inherited from 'Thing' type). [1]
-                # however some websites are using 'Text' type instead.
-                # 1. https://schema.org/VideoObject
-                'uploader': author.get('name') if isinstance(author, dict) else author if isinstance(author, str) else None,
-                'artist': traverse_obj(e, ('byArtist', 'name'), expected_type=str),
-                'filesize': int_or_none(float_or_none(e.get('contentSize'))),
-                'tbr': int_or_none(e.get('bitrate')),
-                'width': int_or_none(e.get('width')),
-                'height': int_or_none(e.get('height')),
-                'view_count': int_or_none(e.get('interactionCount')),
-                'tags': try_call(lambda: e.get('keywords').split(',')),
-            })
-            if is_type(e, 'AudioObject'):
-                info.update({
-                    'vcodec': 'none',
-                    'abr': int_or_none(e.get('bitrate')),
-                })
-            extract_interaction_statistic(e)
-            extract_chapter_information(e)
-
-        def traverse_json_ld(json_ld, at_top_level=True):
-            for e in variadic(json_ld):
-                if not isinstance(e, dict):
-                    continue
-                if at_top_level and '@context' not in e:
-                    continue
-                if at_top_level and set(e.keys()) == {'@context', '@graph'}:
-                    traverse_json_ld(e['@graph'], at_top_level=False)
-                    continue
-                if expected_type is not None and not is_type(e, expected_type):
-                    continue
-                rating = traverse_obj(e, ('aggregateRating', 'ratingValue'), expected_type=float_or_none)
-                if rating is not None:
-                    info['average_rating'] = rating
-                if is_type(e, 'TVEpisode', 'Episode'):
-                    episode_name = unescapeHTML(e.get('name'))
-                    info.update({
-                        'episode': episode_name,
-                        'episode_number': int_or_none(e.get('episodeNumber')),
-                        'description': unescapeHTML(e.get('description')),
-                    })
-                    if not info.get('title') and episode_name:
-                        info['title'] = episode_name
-                    part_of_season = e.get('partOfSeason')
-                    if is_type(part_of_season, 'TVSeason', 'Season', 'CreativeWorkSeason'):
-                        info.update({
-                            'season': unescapeHTML(part_of_season.get('name')),
-                            'season_number': int_or_none(part_of_season.get('seasonNumber')),
-                        })
-                    part_of_series = e.get('partOfSeries') or e.get('partOfTVSeries')
-                    if is_type(part_of_series, 'TVSeries', 'Series', 'CreativeWorkSeries'):
-                        info['series'] = unescapeHTML(part_of_series.get('name'))
-                elif is_type(e, 'Movie'):
-                    info.update({
-                        'title': unescapeHTML(e.get('name')),
-                        'description': unescapeHTML(e.get('description')),
-                        'duration': parse_duration(e.get('duration')),
-                        'timestamp': unified_timestamp(e.get('dateCreated')),
-                    })
-                elif is_type(e, 'Article', 'NewsArticle'):
-                    info.update({
-                        'timestamp': parse_iso8601(e.get('datePublished')),
-                        'title': unescapeHTML(e.get('headline')),
-                        'description': unescapeHTML(e.get('articleBody') or e.get('description')),
-                    })
-                    if is_type(traverse_obj(e, ('video', 0)), 'VideoObject'):
-                        extract_video_object(e['video'][0])
-                    elif is_type(traverse_obj(e, ('subjectOf', 0)), 'VideoObject'):
-                        extract_video_object(e['subjectOf'][0])
-                elif is_type(e, 'VideoObject', 'AudioObject'):
-                    extract_video_object(e)
-                    if expected_type is None:
-                        continue
-                    else:
-                        break
-                video = e.get('video')
-                if is_type(video, 'VideoObject'):
-                    extract_video_object(video)
-                if expected_type is None:
-                    continue
-                else:
-                    break
-
-        traverse_json_ld(json_ld)
-        return filter_dict(info)
-
-    def _search_nextjs_data(self, webpage, video_id, *, transform_source=None, fatal=True, **kw):
-        return self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'(?s)<script[^>]+id=[\'"]__NEXT_DATA__[\'"][^>]*>([^<]+)</script>',
-                webpage, 'next.js data', fatal=fatal, **kw),
-            video_id, transform_source=transform_source, fatal=fatal)
-
-    def _search_nuxt_data(self, webpage, video_id, context_name='__NUXT__', *, fatal=True, traverse=('data', 0)):
-        """Parses Nuxt.js metadata. This works as long as the function __NUXT__ invokes is a pure function"""
-        rectx = re.escape(context_name)
-        FUNCTION_RE = r'\(function\((?P<arg_keys>.*?)\){.*?\breturn\s+(?P<js>{.*?})\s*;?\s*}\((?P<arg_vals>.*?)\)'
-        js, arg_keys, arg_vals = self._search_regex(
-            (rf'<script>\s*window\.{rectx}={FUNCTION_RE}\s*\)\s*;?\s*</script>', rf'{rectx}\(.*?{FUNCTION_RE}'),
-            webpage, context_name, group=('js', 'arg_keys', 'arg_vals'),
-            default=NO_DEFAULT if fatal else (None, None, None))
-        if js is None:
-            return {}
-
-        args = dict(zip(arg_keys.split(','), map(json.dumps, self._parse_json(
-            f'[{arg_vals}]', video_id, transform_source=js_to_json, fatal=fatal) or ())))
-
-        ret = self._parse_json(js, video_id, transform_source=functools.partial(js_to_json, vars=args), fatal=fatal)
-        return traverse_obj(ret, traverse) or {}
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _hidden_inputs(html):
-        html = re.sub(r'<!--(?:(?!<!--).)*-->', '', html)
-        hidden_inputs = {}
-        for input in re.findall(r'(?i)(<input[^>]+>)', html):
-            attrs = extract_attributes(input)
-            if not input:
-                continue
-            if attrs.get('type') not in ('hidden', 'submit'):
-                continue
-            name = attrs.get('name') or attrs.get('id')
-            value = attrs.get('value')
-            if name and value is not None:
-                hidden_inputs[name] = value
-        return hidden_inputs
-
-    def _form_hidden_inputs(self, form_id, html):
-        form = self._search_regex(
-            r'(?is)<form[^>]+?id=(["\'])%s\1[^>]*>(?P<form>.+?)</form>' % form_id,
-            html, '%s form' % form_id, group='form')
-        return self._hidden_inputs(form)
-
-    @classproperty(cache=True)
-    def FormatSort(cls):
-        class FormatSort(FormatSorter):
-            def __init__(ie, *args, **kwargs):
-                super().__init__(ie._downloader, *args, **kwargs)
-
-        deprecation_warning(
-            'yt_dlp.InfoExtractor.FormatSort is deprecated and may be removed in the future. '
-            'Use yt_dlp.utils.FormatSorter instead')
-        return FormatSort
-
-    def _sort_formats(self, formats, field_preference=[]):
-        if not field_preference:
-            self._downloader.deprecation_warning(
-                'yt_dlp.InfoExtractor._sort_formats is deprecated and is no longer required')
-            return
-        self._downloader.deprecation_warning(
-            'yt_dlp.InfoExtractor._sort_formats is deprecated and no longer works as expected. '
-            'Return _format_sort_fields in the info_dict instead')
-        if formats:
-            formats[0]['__sort_fields'] = field_preference
-
-    def _check_formats(self, formats, video_id):
-        if formats:
-            formats[:] = filter(
-                lambda f: self._is_valid_url(
-                    f['url'], video_id,
-                    item='%s video format' % f.get('format_id') if f.get('format_id') else 'video'),
-                formats)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _remove_duplicate_formats(formats):
-        format_urls = set()
-        unique_formats = []
-        for f in formats:
-            if f['url'] not in format_urls:
-                format_urls.add(f['url'])
-                unique_formats.append(f)
-        formats[:] = unique_formats
-
-    def _is_valid_url(self, url, video_id, item='video', headers={}):
-        url = self._proto_relative_url(url, scheme='http:')
-        # For now assume non HTTP(S) URLs always valid
-        if not (url.startswith('http://') or url.startswith('https://')):
-            return True
-        try:
-            self._request_webpage(url, video_id, 'Checking %s URL' % item, headers=headers)
-            return True
-        except ExtractorError as e:
-            self.to_screen(
-                '%s: %s URL is invalid, skipping: %s'
-                % (video_id, item, error_to_compat_str(e.cause)))
-            return False
-
-    def http_scheme(self):
-        """ Either "http:" or "https:", depending on the user's preferences """
-        return (
-            'http:'
-            if self.get_param('prefer_insecure', False)
-            else 'https:')
-
-    def _proto_relative_url(self, url, scheme=None):
-        scheme = scheme or self.http_scheme()
-        assert scheme.endswith(':')
-        return sanitize_url(url, scheme=scheme[:-1])
-
-    def _sleep(self, timeout, video_id, msg_template=None):
-        if msg_template is None:
-            msg_template = '%(video_id)s: Waiting for %(timeout)s seconds'
-        msg = msg_template % {'video_id': video_id, 'timeout': timeout}
-        self.to_screen(msg)
-        time.sleep(timeout)
-
-    def _extract_f4m_formats(self, manifest_url, video_id, preference=None, quality=None, f4m_id=None,
-                             transform_source=lambda s: fix_xml_ampersands(s).strip(),
-                             fatal=True, m3u8_id=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
-        if self.get_param('ignore_no_formats_error'):
-            fatal = False
-
-        res = self._download_xml_handle(
-            manifest_url, video_id, 'Downloading f4m manifest',
-            'Unable to download f4m manifest',
-            # Some manifests may be malformed, e.g. prosiebensat1 generated manifests
-            # (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/6215#issuecomment-121704244)
-            transform_source=transform_source,
-            fatal=fatal, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
-        if res is False:
-            return []
-
-        manifest, urlh = res
-        manifest_url = urlh.url
-
-        return self._parse_f4m_formats(
-            manifest, manifest_url, video_id, preference=preference, quality=quality, f4m_id=f4m_id,
-            transform_source=transform_source, fatal=fatal, m3u8_id=m3u8_id)
-
-    def _parse_f4m_formats(self, manifest, manifest_url, video_id, preference=None, quality=None, f4m_id=None,
-                           transform_source=lambda s: fix_xml_ampersands(s).strip(),
-                           fatal=True, m3u8_id=None):
-        if not isinstance(manifest, xml.etree.ElementTree.Element) and not fatal:
-            return []
-
-        # currently yt-dlp cannot decode the playerVerificationChallenge as Akamai uses Adobe Alchemy
-        akamai_pv = manifest.find('{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/1.0}pv-2.0')
-        if akamai_pv is not None and ';' in akamai_pv.text:
-            playerVerificationChallenge = akamai_pv.text.split(';')[0]
-            if playerVerificationChallenge.strip() != '':
-                return []
-
-        formats = []
-        manifest_version = '1.0'
-        media_nodes = manifest.findall('{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/1.0}media')
-        if not media_nodes:
-            manifest_version = '2.0'
-            media_nodes = manifest.findall('{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/2.0}media')
-        # Remove unsupported DRM protected media from final formats
-        # rendition (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8573).
-        media_nodes = remove_encrypted_media(media_nodes)
-        if not media_nodes:
-            return formats
-
-        manifest_base_url = get_base_url(manifest)
-
-        bootstrap_info = xpath_element(
-            manifest, ['{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/1.0}bootstrapInfo', '{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/2.0}bootstrapInfo'],
-            'bootstrap info', default=None)
-
-        vcodec = None
-        mime_type = xpath_text(
-            manifest, ['{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/1.0}mimeType', '{http://ns.adobe.com/f4m/2.0}mimeType'],
-            'base URL', default=None)
-        if mime_type and mime_type.startswith('audio/'):
-            vcodec = 'none'
-
-        for i, media_el in enumerate(media_nodes):
-            tbr = int_or_none(media_el.attrib.get('bitrate'))
-            width = int_or_none(media_el.attrib.get('width'))
-            height = int_or_none(media_el.attrib.get('height'))
-            format_id = join_nonempty(f4m_id, tbr or i)
-            # If <bootstrapInfo> is present, the specified f4m is a
-            # stream-level manifest, and only set-level manifests may refer to
-            # external resources.  See section 11.4 and section 4 of F4M spec
-            if bootstrap_info is None:
-                media_url = None
-                # @href is introduced in 2.0, see section 11.6 of F4M spec
-                if manifest_version == '2.0':
-                    media_url = media_el.attrib.get('href')
-                if media_url is None:
-                    media_url = media_el.attrib.get('url')
-                if not media_url:
-                    continue
-                manifest_url = (
-                    media_url if media_url.startswith('http://') or media_url.startswith('https://')
-                    else ((manifest_base_url or '/'.join(manifest_url.split('/')[:-1])) + '/' + media_url))
-                # If media_url is itself a f4m manifest do the recursive extraction
-                # since bitrates in parent manifest (this one) and media_url manifest
-                # may differ leading to inability to resolve the format by requested
-                # bitrate in f4m downloader
-                ext = determine_ext(manifest_url)
-                if ext == 'f4m':
-                    f4m_formats = self._extract_f4m_formats(
-                        manifest_url, video_id, preference=preference, quality=quality, f4m_id=f4m_id,
-                        transform_source=transform_source, fatal=fatal)
-                    # Sometimes stream-level manifest contains single media entry that
-                    # does not contain any quality metadata (e.g. http://matchtv.ru/#live-player).
-                    # At the same time parent's media entry in set-level manifest may
-                    # contain it. We will copy it from parent in such cases.
-                    if len(f4m_formats) == 1:
-                        f = f4m_formats[0]
-                        f.update({
-                            'tbr': f.get('tbr') or tbr,
-                            'width': f.get('width') or width,
-                            'height': f.get('height') or height,
-                            'format_id': f.get('format_id') if not tbr else format_id,
-                            'vcodec': vcodec,
-                        })
-                    formats.extend(f4m_formats)
-                    continue
-                elif ext == 'm3u8':
-                    formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                        manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', preference=preference,
-                        quality=quality, m3u8_id=m3u8_id, fatal=fatal))
-                    continue
-            formats.append({
-                'format_id': format_id,
-                'url': manifest_url,
-                'manifest_url': manifest_url,
-                'ext': 'flv' if bootstrap_info is not None else None,
-                'protocol': 'f4m',
-                'tbr': tbr,
-                'width': width,
-                'height': height,
-                'vcodec': vcodec,
-                'preference': preference,
-                'quality': quality,
-            })
-        return formats
-
-    def _m3u8_meta_format(self, m3u8_url, ext=None, preference=None, quality=None, m3u8_id=None):
-        return {
-            'format_id': join_nonempty(m3u8_id, 'meta'),
-            'url': m3u8_url,
-            'ext': ext,
-            'protocol': 'm3u8',
-            'preference': preference - 100 if preference else -100,
-            'quality': quality,
-            'resolution': 'multiple',
-            'format_note': 'Quality selection URL',
-        }
-
-    def _report_ignoring_subs(self, name):
-        self.report_warning(bug_reports_message(
-            f'Ignoring subtitle tracks found in the {name} manifest; '
-            'if any subtitle tracks are missing,'
-        ), only_once=True)
-
-    def _extract_m3u8_formats(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(*args, **kwargs)
-        if subs:
-            self._report_ignoring_subs('HLS')
-        return fmts
-
-    def _extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-            self, m3u8_url, video_id, ext=None, entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
-            preference=None, quality=None, m3u8_id=None, note=None,
-            errnote=None, fatal=True, live=False, data=None, headers={},
-            query={}):
-
-        if self.get_param('ignore_no_formats_error'):
-            fatal = False
-
-        if not m3u8_url:
-            if errnote is not False:
-                errnote = errnote or 'Failed to obtain m3u8 URL'
-                if fatal:
-                    raise ExtractorError(errnote, video_id=video_id)
-                self.report_warning(f'{errnote}{bug_reports_message()}')
-            return [], {}
-
-        res = self._download_webpage_handle(
-            m3u8_url, video_id,
-            note='Downloading m3u8 information' if note is None else note,
-            errnote='Failed to download m3u8 information' if errnote is None else errnote,
-            fatal=fatal, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
-
-        if res is False:
-            return [], {}
-
-        m3u8_doc, urlh = res
-        m3u8_url = urlh.url
-
-        return self._parse_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-            m3u8_doc, m3u8_url, ext=ext, entry_protocol=entry_protocol,
-            preference=preference, quality=quality, m3u8_id=m3u8_id,
-            note=note, errnote=errnote, fatal=fatal, live=live, data=data,
-            headers=headers, query=query, video_id=video_id)
-
-    def _parse_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-            self, m3u8_doc, m3u8_url=None, ext=None, entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
-            preference=None, quality=None, m3u8_id=None, live=False, note=None,
-            errnote=None, fatal=True, data=None, headers={}, query={},
-            video_id=None):
-        formats, subtitles = [], {}
-        has_drm = HlsFD._has_drm(m3u8_doc)
-
-        def format_url(url):
-            return url if re.match(r'^https?://', url) else urllib.parse.urljoin(m3u8_url, url)
-
-        if self.get_param('hls_split_discontinuity', False):
-            def _extract_m3u8_playlist_indices(manifest_url=None, m3u8_doc=None):
-                if not m3u8_doc:
-                    if not manifest_url:
-                        return []
-                    m3u8_doc = self._download_webpage(
-                        manifest_url, video_id, fatal=fatal, data=data, headers=headers,
-                        note=False, errnote='Failed to download m3u8 playlist information')
-                    if m3u8_doc is False:
-                        return []
-                return range(1 + sum(line.startswith('#EXT-X-DISCONTINUITY') for line in m3u8_doc.splitlines()))
-
-        else:
-            def _extract_m3u8_playlist_indices(*args, **kwargs):
-                return [None]
-
-        # References:
-        # 1. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pantos-http-live-streaming-21
-        # 2. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/12211
-        # 3. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/18923
-
-        # We should try extracting formats only from master playlists [1, 4.3.4],
-        # i.e. playlists that describe available qualities. On the other hand
-        # media playlists [1, 4.3.3] should be returned as is since they contain
-        # just the media without qualities renditions.
-        # Fortunately, master playlist can be easily distinguished from media
-        # playlist based on particular tags availability. As of [1, 4.3.3, 4.3.4]
-        # master playlist tags MUST NOT appear in a media playlist and vice versa.
-        # As of [1, 4.3.3.1] #EXT-X-TARGETDURATION tag is REQUIRED for every
-        # media playlist and MUST NOT appear in master playlist thus we can
-        # clearly detect media playlist with this criterion.
-
-        if '#EXT-X-TARGETDURATION' in m3u8_doc:  # media playlist, return as is
-            formats = [{
-                'format_id': join_nonempty(m3u8_id, idx),
-                'format_index': idx,
-                'url': m3u8_url or encode_data_uri(m3u8_doc.encode('utf-8'), 'application/x-mpegurl'),
-                'ext': ext,
-                'protocol': entry_protocol,
-                'preference': preference,
-                'quality': quality,
-                'has_drm': has_drm,
-            } for idx in _extract_m3u8_playlist_indices(m3u8_doc=m3u8_doc)]
-
-            return formats, subtitles
-
-        groups = {}
-        last_stream_inf = {}
-
-        def extract_media(x_media_line):
-            media = parse_m3u8_attributes(x_media_line)
-            # As per [1, 4.3.4.1] TYPE, GROUP-ID and NAME are REQUIRED
-            media_type, group_id, name = media.get('TYPE'), media.get('GROUP-ID'), media.get('NAME')
-            if not (media_type and group_id and name):
-                return
-            groups.setdefault(group_id, []).append(media)
-            # <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8216#section-4.3.4.1>
-            if media_type == 'SUBTITLES':
-                # According to RFC 8216 §4.3.4.2.1, URI is REQUIRED in the
-                # EXT-X-MEDIA tag if the media type is SUBTITLES.
-                # However, lack of URI has been spotted in the wild.
-                # e.g. NebulaIE; see https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/339
-                if not media.get('URI'):
-                    return
-                url = format_url(media['URI'])
-                sub_info = {
-                    'url': url,
-                    'ext': determine_ext(url),
-                }
-                if sub_info['ext'] == 'm3u8':
-                    # Per RFC 8216 §3.1, the only possible subtitle format m3u8
-                    # files may contain is WebVTT:
-                    # <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8216#section-3.1>
-                    sub_info['ext'] = 'vtt'
-                    sub_info['protocol'] = 'm3u8_native'
-                lang = media.get('LANGUAGE') or 'und'
-                subtitles.setdefault(lang, []).append(sub_info)
-            if media_type not in ('VIDEO', 'AUDIO'):
-                return
-            media_url = media.get('URI')
-            if media_url:
-                manifest_url = format_url(media_url)
-                formats.extend({
-                    'format_id': join_nonempty(m3u8_id, group_id, name, idx),
-                    'format_note': name,
-                    'format_index': idx,
-                    'url': manifest_url,
-                    'manifest_url': m3u8_url,
-                    'language': media.get('LANGUAGE'),
-                    'ext': ext,
-                    'protocol': entry_protocol,
-                    'preference': preference,
-                    'quality': quality,
-                    'has_drm': has_drm,
-                    'vcodec': 'none' if media_type == 'AUDIO' else None,
-                } for idx in _extract_m3u8_playlist_indices(manifest_url))
-
-        def build_stream_name():
-            # Despite specification does not mention NAME attribute for
-            # EXT-X-STREAM-INF tag it still sometimes may be present (see [1]
-            # or vidio test in TestInfoExtractor.test_parse_m3u8_formats)
-            # 1. http://www.vidio.com/watch/165683-dj_ambred-booyah-live-2015
-            stream_name = last_stream_inf.get('NAME')
-            if stream_name:
-                return stream_name
-            # If there is no NAME in EXT-X-STREAM-INF it will be obtained
-            # from corresponding rendition group
-            stream_group_id = last_stream_inf.get('VIDEO')
-            if not stream_group_id:
-                return
-            stream_group = groups.get(stream_group_id)
-            if not stream_group:
-                return stream_group_id
-            rendition = stream_group[0]
-            return rendition.get('NAME') or stream_group_id
-
-        # parse EXT-X-MEDIA tags before EXT-X-STREAM-INF in order to have the
-        # chance to detect video only formats when EXT-X-STREAM-INF tags
-        # precede EXT-X-MEDIA tags in HLS manifest such as [3].
-        for line in m3u8_doc.splitlines():
-            if line.startswith('#EXT-X-MEDIA:'):
-                extract_media(line)
-
-        for line in m3u8_doc.splitlines():
-            if line.startswith('#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:'):
-                last_stream_inf = parse_m3u8_attributes(line)
-            elif line.startswith('#') or not line.strip():
-                continue
-            else:
-                tbr = float_or_none(
-                    last_stream_inf.get('AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH')
-                    or last_stream_inf.get('BANDWIDTH'), scale=1000)
-                manifest_url = format_url(line.strip())
-
-                for idx in _extract_m3u8_playlist_indices(manifest_url):
-                    format_id = [m3u8_id, None, idx]
-                    # Bandwidth of live streams may differ over time thus making
-                    # format_id unpredictable. So it's better to keep provided
-                    # format_id intact.
-                    if not live:
-                        stream_name = build_stream_name()
-                        format_id[1] = stream_name or '%d' % (tbr or len(formats))
-                    f = {
-                        'format_id': join_nonempty(*format_id),
-                        'format_index': idx,
-                        'url': manifest_url,
-                        'manifest_url': m3u8_url,
-                        'tbr': tbr,
-                        'ext': ext,
-                        'fps': float_or_none(last_stream_inf.get('FRAME-RATE')),
-                        'protocol': entry_protocol,
-                        'preference': preference,
-                        'quality': quality,
-                        'has_drm': has_drm,
-                    }
-                    resolution = last_stream_inf.get('RESOLUTION')
-                    if resolution:
-                        mobj = re.search(r'(?P<width>\d+)[xX](?P<height>\d+)', resolution)
-                        if mobj:
-                            f['width'] = int(mobj.group('width'))
-                            f['height'] = int(mobj.group('height'))
-                    # Unified Streaming Platform
-                    mobj = re.search(
-                        r'audio.*?(?:%3D|=)(\d+)(?:-video.*?(?:%3D|=)(\d+))?', f['url'])
-                    if mobj:
-                        abr, vbr = mobj.groups()
-                        abr, vbr = float_or_none(abr, 1000), float_or_none(vbr, 1000)
-                        f.update({
-                            'vbr': vbr,
-                            'abr': abr,
-                        })
-                    codecs = parse_codecs(last_stream_inf.get('CODECS'))
-                    f.update(codecs)
-                    audio_group_id = last_stream_inf.get('AUDIO')
-                    # As per [1, 4.3.4.1.1] any EXT-X-STREAM-INF tag which
-                    # references a rendition group MUST have a CODECS attribute.
-                    # However, this is not always respected. E.g. [2]
-                    # contains EXT-X-STREAM-INF tag which references AUDIO
-                    # rendition group but does not have CODECS and despite
-                    # referencing an audio group it represents a complete
-                    # (with audio and video) format. So, for such cases we will
-                    # ignore references to rendition groups and treat them
-                    # as complete formats.
-                    if audio_group_id and codecs and f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
-                        audio_group = groups.get(audio_group_id)
-                        if audio_group and audio_group[0].get('URI'):
-                            # TODO: update acodec for audio only formats with
-                            # the same GROUP-ID
-                            f['acodec'] = 'none'
-                    if not f.get('ext'):
-                        f['ext'] = 'm4a' if f.get('vcodec') == 'none' else 'mp4'
-                    formats.append(f)
-
-                    # for DailyMotion
-                    progressive_uri = last_stream_inf.get('PROGRESSIVE-URI')
-                    if progressive_uri:
-                        http_f = f.copy()
-                        del http_f['manifest_url']
-                        http_f.update({
-                            'format_id': f['format_id'].replace('hls-', 'http-'),
-                            'protocol': 'http',
-                            'url': progressive_uri,
-                        })
-                        formats.append(http_f)
-
-                last_stream_inf = {}
-        return formats, subtitles
-
-    def _extract_m3u8_vod_duration(
-            self, m3u8_vod_url, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
-
-        m3u8_vod = self._download_webpage(
-            m3u8_vod_url, video_id,
-            note='Downloading m3u8 VOD manifest' if note is None else note,
-            errnote='Failed to download VOD manifest' if errnote is None else errnote,
-            fatal=False, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
-
-        return self._parse_m3u8_vod_duration(m3u8_vod or '', video_id)
-
-    def _parse_m3u8_vod_duration(self, m3u8_vod, video_id):
-        if '#EXT-X-ENDLIST' not in m3u8_vod:
-            return None
-
-        return int(sum(
-            float(line[len('#EXTINF:'):].split(',')[0])
-            for line in m3u8_vod.splitlines() if line.startswith('#EXTINF:'))) or None
-
-    def _extract_mpd_vod_duration(
-            self, mpd_url, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
-
-        mpd_doc = self._download_xml(
-            mpd_url, video_id,
-            note='Downloading MPD VOD manifest' if note is None else note,
-            errnote='Failed to download VOD manifest' if errnote is None else errnote,
-            fatal=False, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
-        if not isinstance(mpd_doc, xml.etree.ElementTree.Element):
-            return None
-        return int_or_none(parse_duration(mpd_doc.get('mediaPresentationDuration')))
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _xpath_ns(path, namespace=None):
-        if not namespace:
-            return path
-        out = []
-        for c in path.split('/'):
-            if not c or c == '.':
-                out.append(c)
-            else:
-                out.append('{%s}%s' % (namespace, c))
-        return '/'.join(out)
-
-    def _extract_smil_formats_and_subtitles(self, smil_url, video_id, fatal=True, f4m_params=None, transform_source=None):
-        if self.get_param('ignore_no_formats_error'):
-            fatal = False
-
-        res = self._download_smil(smil_url, video_id, fatal=fatal, transform_source=transform_source)
-        if res is False:
-            assert not fatal
-            return [], {}
-        smil, urlh = res
-
-        return self._parse_smil_formats_and_subtitles(smil, urlh.url, video_id, f4m_params=f4m_params,
-                                                      namespace=self._parse_smil_namespace(smil))
-
-    def _extract_smil_formats(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        fmts, subs = self._extract_smil_formats_and_subtitles(*args, **kwargs)
-        if subs:
-            self._report_ignoring_subs('SMIL')
-        return fmts
-
-    def _extract_smil_info(self, smil_url, video_id, fatal=True, f4m_params=None):
-        res = self._download_smil(smil_url, video_id, fatal=fatal)
-        if res is False:
-            return {}
-
-        smil, urlh = res
-        smil_url = urlh.url
-
-        return self._parse_smil(smil, smil_url, video_id, f4m_params=f4m_params)
-
-    def _download_smil(self, smil_url, video_id, fatal=True, transform_source=None):
-        return self._download_xml_handle(
-            smil_url, video_id, 'Downloading SMIL file',
-            'Unable to download SMIL file', fatal=fatal, transform_source=transform_source)
-
-    def _parse_smil(self, smil, smil_url, video_id, f4m_params=None):
-        namespace = self._parse_smil_namespace(smil)
-
-        formats, subtitles = self._parse_smil_formats_and_subtitles(
-            smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=namespace, f4m_params=f4m_params)
-
-        video_id = os.path.splitext(url_basename(smil_url))[0]
-        title = None
-        description = None
-        upload_date = None
-        for meta in smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('./head/meta', namespace)):
-            name = meta.attrib.get('name')
-            content = meta.attrib.get('content')
-            if not name or not content:
-                continue
-            if not title and name == 'title':
-                title = content
-            elif not description and name in ('description', 'abstract'):
-                description = content
-            elif not upload_date and name == 'date':
-                upload_date = unified_strdate(content)
-
-        thumbnails = [{
-            'id': image.get('type'),
-            'url': image.get('src'),
-            'width': int_or_none(image.get('width')),
-            'height': int_or_none(image.get('height')),
-        } for image in smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('.//image', namespace)) if image.get('src')]
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title or video_id,
-            'description': description,
-            'upload_date': upload_date,
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
-        }
-
-    def _parse_smil_namespace(self, smil):
-        return self._search_regex(
-            r'(?i)^{([^}]+)?}smil$', smil.tag, 'namespace', default=None)
-
-    def _parse_smil_formats(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        fmts, subs = self._parse_smil_formats_and_subtitles(*args, **kwargs)
-        if subs:
-            self._report_ignoring_subs('SMIL')
-        return fmts
-
-    def _parse_smil_formats_and_subtitles(
-            self, smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=None, f4m_params=None, transform_rtmp_url=None):
-        base = smil_url
-        for meta in smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('./head/meta', namespace)):
-            b = meta.get('base') or meta.get('httpBase')
-            if b:
-                base = b
-                break
-
-        formats, subtitles = [], {}
-        rtmp_count = 0
-        http_count = 0
-        m3u8_count = 0
-        imgs_count = 0
-
-        srcs = set()
-        media = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
-            smil.findall(self._xpath_ns(arg, namespace))
-            for arg in ['.//video', './/audio', './/media'])
-        for medium in media:
-            src = medium.get('src')
-            if not src or src in srcs:
-                continue
-            srcs.add(src)
-
-            bitrate = float_or_none(medium.get('system-bitrate') or medium.get('systemBitrate'), 1000)
-            filesize = int_or_none(medium.get('size') or medium.get('fileSize'))
-            width = int_or_none(medium.get('width'))
-            height = int_or_none(medium.get('height'))
-            proto = medium.get('proto')
-            ext = medium.get('ext')
-            src_ext = determine_ext(src, default_ext=None) or ext or urlhandle_detect_ext(
-                self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(src), video_id, note='Requesting extension info', fatal=False))
-            streamer = medium.get('streamer') or base
-
-            if proto == 'rtmp' or streamer.startswith('rtmp'):
-                rtmp_count += 1
-                formats.append({
-                    'url': streamer,
-                    'play_path': src,
-                    'ext': 'flv',
-                    'format_id': 'rtmp-%d' % (rtmp_count if bitrate is None else bitrate),
-                    'tbr': bitrate,
-                    'filesize': filesize,
-                    'width': width,
-                    'height': height,
-                })
-                if transform_rtmp_url:
-                    streamer, src = transform_rtmp_url(streamer, src)
-                    formats[-1].update({
-                        'url': streamer,
-                        'play_path': src,
-                    })
-                continue
-
-            src_url = src if src.startswith('http') else urllib.parse.urljoin(base, src)
-            src_url = src_url.strip()
-
-            if proto == 'm3u8' or src_ext == 'm3u8':
-                m3u8_formats, m3u8_subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    src_url, video_id, ext or 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
-                self._merge_subtitles(m3u8_subs, target=subtitles)
-                if len(m3u8_formats) == 1:
-                    m3u8_count += 1
-                    m3u8_formats[0].update({
-                        'format_id': 'hls-%d' % (m3u8_count if bitrate is None else bitrate),
-                        'tbr': bitrate,
-                        'width': width,
-                        'height': height,
-                    })
-                formats.extend(m3u8_formats)
-            elif src_ext == 'f4m':
-                f4m_url = src_url
-                if not f4m_params:
-                    f4m_params = {
-                        'hdcore': '3.2.0',
-                        'plugin': 'flowplayer-3.2.0.1',
-                    }
-                f4m_url += '&' if '?' in f4m_url else '?'
-                f4m_url += urllib.parse.urlencode(f4m_params)
-                formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(f4m_url, video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False))
-            elif src_ext == 'mpd':
-                mpd_formats, mpd_subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    src_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
-                formats.extend(mpd_formats)
-                self._merge_subtitles(mpd_subs, target=subtitles)
-            elif re.search(r'\.ism/[Mm]anifest', src_url):
-                ism_formats, ism_subs = self._extract_ism_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    src_url, video_id, ism_id='mss', fatal=False)
-                formats.extend(ism_formats)
-                self._merge_subtitles(ism_subs, target=subtitles)
-            elif src_url.startswith('http') and self._is_valid_url(src, video_id):
-                http_count += 1
-                formats.append({
-                    'url': src_url,
-                    'ext': ext or src_ext or 'flv',
-                    'format_id': 'http-%d' % (bitrate or http_count),
-                    'tbr': bitrate,
-                    'filesize': filesize,
-                    'width': width,
-                    'height': height,
-                })
-
-        for medium in smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('.//imagestream', namespace)):
-            src = medium.get('src')
-            if not src or src in srcs:
-                continue
-            srcs.add(src)
-
-            imgs_count += 1
-            formats.append({
-                'format_id': 'imagestream-%d' % (imgs_count),
-                'url': src,
-                'ext': mimetype2ext(medium.get('type')),
-                'acodec': 'none',
-                'vcodec': 'none',
-                'width': int_or_none(medium.get('width')),
-                'height': int_or_none(medium.get('height')),
-                'format_note': 'SMIL storyboards',
-            })
-
-        smil_subs = self._parse_smil_subtitles(smil, namespace=namespace)
-        self._merge_subtitles(smil_subs, target=subtitles)
-
-        return formats, subtitles
-
-    def _parse_smil_subtitles(self, smil, namespace=None, subtitles_lang='en'):
-        urls = []
-        subtitles = {}
-        for num, textstream in enumerate(smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('.//textstream', namespace))):
-            src = textstream.get('src')
-            if not src or src in urls:
-                continue
-            urls.append(src)
-            ext = textstream.get('ext') or mimetype2ext(textstream.get('type')) or determine_ext(src)
-            lang = textstream.get('systemLanguage') or textstream.get('systemLanguageName') or textstream.get('lang') or subtitles_lang
-            subtitles.setdefault(lang, []).append({
-                'url': src,
-                'ext': ext,
-            })
-        return subtitles
-
-    def _extract_xspf_playlist(self, xspf_url, playlist_id, fatal=True):
-        res = self._download_xml_handle(
-            xspf_url, playlist_id, 'Downloading xpsf playlist',
-            'Unable to download xspf manifest', fatal=fatal)
-        if res is False:
-            return []
-
-        xspf, urlh = res
-        xspf_url = urlh.url
-
-        return self._parse_xspf(
-            xspf, playlist_id, xspf_url=xspf_url,
-            xspf_base_url=base_url(xspf_url))
-
-    def _parse_xspf(self, xspf_doc, playlist_id, xspf_url=None, xspf_base_url=None):
-        NS_MAP = {
-            'xspf': 'http://xspf.org/ns/0/',
-            's1': 'http://static.streamone.nl/player/ns/0',
-        }
-
-        entries = []
-        for track in xspf_doc.findall(xpath_with_ns('./xspf:trackList/xspf:track', NS_MAP)):
-            title = xpath_text(
-                track, xpath_with_ns('./xspf:title', NS_MAP), 'title', default=playlist_id)
-            description = xpath_text(
-                track, xpath_with_ns('./xspf:annotation', NS_MAP), 'description')
-            thumbnail = xpath_text(
-                track, xpath_with_ns('./xspf:image', NS_MAP), 'thumbnail')
-            duration = float_or_none(
-                xpath_text(track, xpath_with_ns('./xspf:duration', NS_MAP), 'duration'), 1000)
-
-            formats = []
-            for location in track.findall(xpath_with_ns('./xspf:location', NS_MAP)):
-                format_url = urljoin(xspf_base_url, location.text)
-                if not format_url:
-                    continue
-                formats.append({
-                    'url': format_url,
-                    'manifest_url': xspf_url,
-                    'format_id': location.get(xpath_with_ns('s1:label', NS_MAP)),
-                    'width': int_or_none(location.get(xpath_with_ns('s1:width', NS_MAP))),
-                    'height': int_or_none(location.get(xpath_with_ns('s1:height', NS_MAP))),
-                })
-
-            entries.append({
-                'id': playlist_id,
-                'title': title,
-                'description': description,
-                'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-                'duration': duration,
-                'formats': formats,
-            })
-        return entries
-
-    def _extract_mpd_formats(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(*args, **kwargs)
-        if subs:
-            self._report_ignoring_subs('DASH')
-        return fmts
-
-    def _extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        periods = self._extract_mpd_periods(*args, **kwargs)
-        return self._merge_mpd_periods(periods)
-
-    def _extract_mpd_periods(
-            self, mpd_url, video_id, mpd_id=None, note=None, errnote=None,
-            fatal=True, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
-
-        if self.get_param('ignore_no_formats_error'):
-            fatal = False
-
-        res = self._download_xml_handle(
-            mpd_url, video_id,
-            note='Downloading MPD manifest' if note is None else note,
-            errnote='Failed to download MPD manifest' if errnote is None else errnote,
-            fatal=fatal, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
-        if res is False:
-            return []
-        mpd_doc, urlh = res
-        if mpd_doc is None:
-            return []
-
-        # We could have been redirected to a new url when we retrieved our mpd file.
-        mpd_url = urlh.url
-        mpd_base_url = base_url(mpd_url)
-
-        return self._parse_mpd_periods(mpd_doc, mpd_id, mpd_base_url, mpd_url)
-
-    def _parse_mpd_formats(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        fmts, subs = self._parse_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(*args, **kwargs)
-        if subs:
-            self._report_ignoring_subs('DASH')
-        return fmts
-
-    def _parse_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        periods = self._parse_mpd_periods(*args, **kwargs)
-        return self._merge_mpd_periods(periods)
-
-    def _merge_mpd_periods(self, periods):
-        """
-        Combine all formats and subtitles from an MPD manifest into a single list,
-        by concatenate streams with similar formats.
-        """
-        formats, subtitles = {}, {}
-        for period in periods:
-            for f in period['formats']:
-                assert 'is_dash_periods' not in f, 'format already processed'
-                f['is_dash_periods'] = True
-                format_key = tuple(v for k, v in f.items() if k not in (
-                    ('format_id', 'fragments', 'manifest_stream_number')))
-                if format_key not in formats:
-                    formats[format_key] = f
-                elif 'fragments' in f:
-                    formats[format_key].setdefault('fragments', []).extend(f['fragments'])
-
-            if subtitles and period['subtitles']:
-                self.report_warning(bug_reports_message(
-                    'Found subtitles in multiple periods in the DASH manifest; '
-                    'if part of the subtitles are missing,'
-                ), only_once=True)
-
-            for sub_lang, sub_info in period['subtitles'].items():
-                subtitles.setdefault(sub_lang, []).extend(sub_info)
-
-        return list(formats.values()), subtitles
-
-    def _parse_mpd_periods(self, mpd_doc, mpd_id=None, mpd_base_url='', mpd_url=None):
-        """
-        Parse formats from MPD manifest.
-        References:
-         1. MPEG-DASH Standard, ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014(E),
-            http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c065274_ISO_IEC_23009-1_2014.zip
-         2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP
-        """
-        if not self.get_param('dynamic_mpd', True):
-            if mpd_doc.get('type') == 'dynamic':
-                return [], {}
-
-        namespace = self._search_regex(r'(?i)^{([^}]+)?}MPD$', mpd_doc.tag, 'namespace', default=None)
-
-        def _add_ns(path):
-            return self._xpath_ns(path, namespace)
-
-        def is_drm_protected(element):
-            return element.find(_add_ns('ContentProtection')) is not None
-
-        def extract_multisegment_info(element, ms_parent_info):
-            ms_info = ms_parent_info.copy()
-
-            # As per [1, 5.3.9.2.2] SegmentList and SegmentTemplate share some
-            # common attributes and elements.  We will only extract relevant
-            # for us.
-            def extract_common(source):
-                segment_timeline = source.find(_add_ns('SegmentTimeline'))
-                if segment_timeline is not None:
-                    s_e = segment_timeline.findall(_add_ns('S'))
-                    if s_e:
-                        ms_info['total_number'] = 0
-                        ms_info['s'] = []
-                        for s in s_e:
-                            r = int(s.get('r', 0))
-                            ms_info['total_number'] += 1 + r
-                            ms_info['s'].append({
-                                't': int(s.get('t', 0)),
-                                # @d is mandatory (see [1, 5.3.9.6.2, Table 17, page 60])
-                                'd': int(s.attrib['d']),
-                                'r': r,
-                            })
-                start_number = source.get('startNumber')
-                if start_number:
-                    ms_info['start_number'] = int(start_number)
-                timescale = source.get('timescale')
-                if timescale:
-                    ms_info['timescale'] = int(timescale)
-                segment_duration = source.get('duration')
-                if segment_duration:
-                    ms_info['segment_duration'] = float(segment_duration)
-
-            def extract_Initialization(source):
-                initialization = source.find(_add_ns('Initialization'))
-                if initialization is not None:
-                    ms_info['initialization_url'] = initialization.attrib['sourceURL']
-
-            segment_list = element.find(_add_ns('SegmentList'))
-            if segment_list is not None:
-                extract_common(segment_list)
-                extract_Initialization(segment_list)
-                segment_urls_e = segment_list.findall(_add_ns('SegmentURL'))
-                if segment_urls_e:
-                    ms_info['segment_urls'] = [segment.attrib['media'] for segment in segment_urls_e]
-            else:
-                segment_template = element.find(_add_ns('SegmentTemplate'))
-                if segment_template is not None:
-                    extract_common(segment_template)
-                    media = segment_template.get('media')
-                    if media:
-                        ms_info['media'] = media
-                    initialization = segment_template.get('initialization')
-                    if initialization:
-                        ms_info['initialization'] = initialization
-                    else:
-                        extract_Initialization(segment_template)
-            return ms_info
-
-        mpd_duration = parse_duration(mpd_doc.get('mediaPresentationDuration'))
-        stream_numbers = collections.defaultdict(int)
-        for period_idx, period in enumerate(mpd_doc.findall(_add_ns('Period'))):
-            period_entry = {
-                'id': period.get('id', f'period-{period_idx}'),
-                'formats': [],
-                'subtitles': collections.defaultdict(list),
-            }
-            period_duration = parse_duration(period.get('duration')) or mpd_duration
-            period_ms_info = extract_multisegment_info(period, {
-                'start_number': 1,
-                'timescale': 1,
-            })
-            for adaptation_set in period.findall(_add_ns('AdaptationSet')):
-                adaption_set_ms_info = extract_multisegment_info(adaptation_set, period_ms_info)
-                for representation in adaptation_set.findall(_add_ns('Representation')):
-                    representation_attrib = adaptation_set.attrib.copy()
-                    representation_attrib.update(representation.attrib)
-                    # According to [1, 5.3.7.2, Table 9, page 41], @mimeType is mandatory
-                    mime_type = representation_attrib['mimeType']
-                    content_type = representation_attrib.get('contentType', mime_type.split('/')[0])
-
-                    codec_str = representation_attrib.get('codecs', '')
-                    # Some kind of binary subtitle found in some youtube livestreams
-                    if mime_type == 'application/x-rawcc':
-                        codecs = {'scodec': codec_str}
-                    else:
-                        codecs = parse_codecs(codec_str)
-                    if content_type not in ('video', 'audio', 'text'):
-                        if mime_type == 'image/jpeg':
-                            content_type = mime_type
-                        elif codecs.get('vcodec', 'none') != 'none':
-                            content_type = 'video'
-                        elif codecs.get('acodec', 'none') != 'none':
-                            content_type = 'audio'
-                        elif codecs.get('scodec', 'none') != 'none':
-                            content_type = 'text'
-                        elif mimetype2ext(mime_type) in ('tt', 'dfxp', 'ttml', 'xml', 'json'):
-                            content_type = 'text'
-                        else:
-                            self.report_warning('Unknown MIME type %s in DASH manifest' % mime_type)
-                            continue
-
-                    base_url = ''
-                    for element in (representation, adaptation_set, period, mpd_doc):
-                        base_url_e = element.find(_add_ns('BaseURL'))
-                        if try_call(lambda: base_url_e.text) is not None:
-                            base_url = base_url_e.text + base_url
-                            if re.match(r'^https?://', base_url):
-                                break
-                    if mpd_base_url and base_url.startswith('/'):
-                        base_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(mpd_base_url, base_url)
-                    elif mpd_base_url and not re.match(r'^https?://', base_url):
-                        if not mpd_base_url.endswith('/'):
-                            mpd_base_url += '/'
-                        base_url = mpd_base_url + base_url
-                    representation_id = representation_attrib.get('id')
-                    lang = representation_attrib.get('lang')
-                    url_el = representation.find(_add_ns('BaseURL'))
-                    filesize = int_or_none(url_el.attrib.get('{http://youtube.com/yt/2012/10/10}contentLength') if url_el is not None else None)
-                    bandwidth = int_or_none(representation_attrib.get('bandwidth'))
-                    if representation_id is not None:
-                        format_id = representation_id
-                    else:
-                        format_id = content_type
-                    if mpd_id:
-                        format_id = mpd_id + '-' + format_id
-                    if content_type in ('video', 'audio'):
-                        f = {
-                            'format_id': format_id,
-                            'manifest_url': mpd_url,
-                            'ext': mimetype2ext(mime_type),
-                            'width': int_or_none(representation_attrib.get('width')),
-                            'height': int_or_none(representation_attrib.get('height')),
-                            'tbr': float_or_none(bandwidth, 1000),
-                            'asr': int_or_none(representation_attrib.get('audioSamplingRate')),
-                            'fps': int_or_none(representation_attrib.get('frameRate')),
-                            'language': lang if lang not in ('mul', 'und', 'zxx', 'mis') else None,
-                            'format_note': 'DASH %s' % content_type,
-                            'filesize': filesize,
-                            'container': mimetype2ext(mime_type) + '_dash',
-                            **codecs
-                        }
-                    elif content_type == 'text':
-                        f = {
-                            'ext': mimetype2ext(mime_type),
-                            'manifest_url': mpd_url,
-                            'filesize': filesize,
-                        }
-                    elif content_type == 'image/jpeg':
-                        # See test case in VikiIE
-                        # https://www.viki.com/videos/1175236v-choosing-spouse-by-lottery-episode-1
-                        f = {
-                            'format_id': format_id,
-                            'ext': 'mhtml',
-                            'manifest_url': mpd_url,
-                            'format_note': 'DASH storyboards (jpeg)',
-                            'acodec': 'none',
-                            'vcodec': 'none',
-                        }
-                    if is_drm_protected(adaptation_set) or is_drm_protected(representation):
-                        f['has_drm'] = True
-                    representation_ms_info = extract_multisegment_info(representation, adaption_set_ms_info)
-
-                    def prepare_template(template_name, identifiers):
-                        tmpl = representation_ms_info[template_name]
-                        if representation_id is not None:
-                            tmpl = tmpl.replace('$RepresentationID$', representation_id)
-                        # First of, % characters outside $...$ templates
-                        # must be escaped by doubling for proper processing
-                        # by % operator string formatting used further (see
-                        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/16867).
-                        t = ''
-                        in_template = False
-                        for c in tmpl:
-                            t += c
-                            if c == '$':
-                                in_template = not in_template
-                            elif c == '%' and not in_template:
-                                t += c
-                        # Next, $...$ templates are translated to their
-                        # %(...) counterparts to be used with % operator
-                        t = re.sub(r'\$(%s)\$' % '|'.join(identifiers), r'%(\1)d', t)
-                        t = re.sub(r'\$(%s)%%([^$]+)\$' % '|'.join(identifiers), r'%(\1)\2', t)
-                        t.replace('$$', '$')
-                        return t
-
-                    # @initialization is a regular template like @media one
-                    # so it should be handled just the same way (see
-                    # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/11605)
-                    if 'initialization' in representation_ms_info:
-                        initialization_template = prepare_template(
-                            'initialization',
-                            # As per [1, 5.3.9.4.2, Table 15, page 54] $Number$ and
-                            # $Time$ shall not be included for @initialization thus
-                            # only $Bandwidth$ remains
-                            ('Bandwidth', ))
-                        representation_ms_info['initialization_url'] = initialization_template % {
-                            'Bandwidth': bandwidth,
-                        }
-
-                    def location_key(location):
-                        return 'url' if re.match(r'^https?://', location) else 'path'
-
-                    if 'segment_urls' not in representation_ms_info and 'media' in representation_ms_info:
-
-                        media_template = prepare_template('media', ('Number', 'Bandwidth', 'Time'))
-                        media_location_key = location_key(media_template)
-
-                        # As per [1, 5.3.9.4.4, Table 16, page 55] $Number$ and $Time$
-                        # can't be used at the same time
-                        if '%(Number' in media_template and 's' not in representation_ms_info:
-                            segment_duration = None
-                            if 'total_number' not in representation_ms_info and 'segment_duration' in representation_ms_info:
-                                segment_duration = float_or_none(representation_ms_info['segment_duration'], representation_ms_info['timescale'])
-                                representation_ms_info['total_number'] = int(math.ceil(
-                                    float_or_none(period_duration, segment_duration, default=0)))
-                            representation_ms_info['fragments'] = [{
-                                media_location_key: media_template % {
-                                    'Number': segment_number,
-                                    'Bandwidth': bandwidth,
-                                },
-                                'duration': segment_duration,
-                            } for segment_number in range(
-                                representation_ms_info['start_number'],
-                                representation_ms_info['total_number'] + representation_ms_info['start_number'])]
-                        else:
-                            # $Number*$ or $Time$ in media template with S list available
-                            # Example $Number*$: http://www.svtplay.se/klipp/9023742/stopptid-om-bjorn-borg
-                            # Example $Time$: https://play.arkena.com/embed/avp/v2/player/media/b41dda37-d8e7-4d3f-b1b5-9a9db578bdfe/1/129411
-                            representation_ms_info['fragments'] = []
-                            segment_time = 0
-                            segment_d = None
-                            segment_number = representation_ms_info['start_number']
-
-                            def add_segment_url():
-                                segment_url = media_template % {
-                                    'Time': segment_time,
-                                    'Bandwidth': bandwidth,
-                                    'Number': segment_number,
-                                }
-                                representation_ms_info['fragments'].append({
-                                    media_location_key: segment_url,
-                                    'duration': float_or_none(segment_d, representation_ms_info['timescale']),
-                                })
-
-                            for num, s in enumerate(representation_ms_info['s']):
-                                segment_time = s.get('t') or segment_time
-                                segment_d = s['d']
-                                add_segment_url()
-                                segment_number += 1
-                                for r in range(s.get('r', 0)):
-                                    segment_time += segment_d
-                                    add_segment_url()
-                                    segment_number += 1
-                                segment_time += segment_d
-                    elif 'segment_urls' in representation_ms_info and 's' in representation_ms_info:
-                        # No media template,
-                        # e.g. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXZV5uAYMJI
-                        # or any YouTube dashsegments video
-                        fragments = []
-                        segment_index = 0
-                        timescale = representation_ms_info['timescale']
-                        for s in representation_ms_info['s']:
-                            duration = float_or_none(s['d'], timescale)
-                            for r in range(s.get('r', 0) + 1):
-                                segment_uri = representation_ms_info['segment_urls'][segment_index]
-                                fragments.append({
-                                    location_key(segment_uri): segment_uri,
-                                    'duration': duration,
-                                })
-                                segment_index += 1
-                        representation_ms_info['fragments'] = fragments
-                    elif 'segment_urls' in representation_ms_info:
-                        # Segment URLs with no SegmentTimeline
-                        # E.g. https://www.seznam.cz/zpravy/clanek/cesko-zasahne-vitr-o-sile-vichrice-muze-byt-i-zivotu-nebezpecny-39091
-                        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/14844
-                        fragments = []
-                        segment_duration = float_or_none(
-                            representation_ms_info['segment_duration'],
-                            representation_ms_info['timescale']) if 'segment_duration' in representation_ms_info else None
-                        for segment_url in representation_ms_info['segment_urls']:
-                            fragment = {
-                                location_key(segment_url): segment_url,
-                            }
-                            if segment_duration:
-                                fragment['duration'] = segment_duration
-                            fragments.append(fragment)
-                        representation_ms_info['fragments'] = fragments
-                    # If there is a fragments key available then we correctly recognized fragmented media.
-                    # Otherwise we will assume unfragmented media with direct access. Technically, such
-                    # assumption is not necessarily correct since we may simply have no support for
-                    # some forms of fragmented media renditions yet, but for now we'll use this fallback.
-                    if 'fragments' in representation_ms_info:
-                        f.update({
-                            # NB: mpd_url may be empty when MPD manifest is parsed from a string
-                            'url': mpd_url or base_url,
-                            'fragment_base_url': base_url,
-                            'fragments': [],
-                            'protocol': 'http_dash_segments' if mime_type != 'image/jpeg' else 'mhtml',
-                        })
-                        if 'initialization_url' in representation_ms_info:
-                            initialization_url = representation_ms_info['initialization_url']
-                            if not f.get('url'):
-                                f['url'] = initialization_url
-                            f['fragments'].append({location_key(initialization_url): initialization_url})
-                        f['fragments'].extend(representation_ms_info['fragments'])
-                        if not period_duration:
-                            period_duration = try_get(
-                                representation_ms_info,
-                                lambda r: sum(frag['duration'] for frag in r['fragments']), float)
-                    else:
-                        # Assuming direct URL to unfragmented media.
-                        f['url'] = base_url
-                    if content_type in ('video', 'audio', 'image/jpeg'):
-                        f['manifest_stream_number'] = stream_numbers[f['url']]
-                        stream_numbers[f['url']] += 1
-                        period_entry['formats'].append(f)
-                    elif content_type == 'text':
-                        period_entry['subtitles'][lang or 'und'].append(f)
-            yield period_entry
-
-    def _extract_ism_formats(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        fmts, subs = self._extract_ism_formats_and_subtitles(*args, **kwargs)
-        if subs:
-            self._report_ignoring_subs('ISM')
-        return fmts
-
-    def _extract_ism_formats_and_subtitles(self, ism_url, video_id, ism_id=None, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, data=None, headers={}, query={}):
-        if self.get_param('ignore_no_formats_error'):
-            fatal = False
-
-        res = self._download_xml_handle(
-            ism_url, video_id,
-            note='Downloading ISM manifest' if note is None else note,
-            errnote='Failed to download ISM manifest' if errnote is None else errnote,
-            fatal=fatal, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
-        if res is False:
-            return [], {}
-        ism_doc, urlh = res
-        if ism_doc is None:
-            return [], {}
-
-        return self._parse_ism_formats_and_subtitles(ism_doc, urlh.url, ism_id)
-
-    def _parse_ism_formats_and_subtitles(self, ism_doc, ism_url, ism_id=None):
-        """
-        Parse formats from ISM manifest.
-        References:
-         1. [MS-SSTR]: Smooth Streaming Protocol,
-            https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff469518.aspx
-        """
-        if ism_doc.get('IsLive') == 'TRUE':
-            return [], {}
-
-        duration = int(ism_doc.attrib['Duration'])
-        timescale = int_or_none(ism_doc.get('TimeScale')) or 10000000
-
-        formats = []
-        subtitles = {}
-        for stream in ism_doc.findall('StreamIndex'):
-            stream_type = stream.get('Type')
-            if stream_type not in ('video', 'audio', 'text'):
-                continue
-            url_pattern = stream.attrib['Url']
-            stream_timescale = int_or_none(stream.get('TimeScale')) or timescale
-            stream_name = stream.get('Name')
-            stream_language = stream.get('Language', 'und')
-            for track in stream.findall('QualityLevel'):
-                KNOWN_TAGS = {'255': 'AACL', '65534': 'EC-3'}
-                fourcc = track.get('FourCC') or KNOWN_TAGS.get(track.get('AudioTag'))
-                # TODO: add support for WVC1 and WMAP
-                if fourcc not in ('H264', 'AVC1', 'AACL', 'TTML', 'EC-3'):
-                    self.report_warning('%s is not a supported codec' % fourcc)
-                    continue
-                tbr = int(track.attrib['Bitrate']) // 1000
-                # [1] does not mention Width and Height attributes. However,
-                # they're often present while MaxWidth and MaxHeight are
-                # missing, so should be used as fallbacks
-                width = int_or_none(track.get('MaxWidth') or track.get('Width'))
-                height = int_or_none(track.get('MaxHeight') or track.get('Height'))
-                sampling_rate = int_or_none(track.get('SamplingRate'))
-
-                track_url_pattern = re.sub(r'{[Bb]itrate}', track.attrib['Bitrate'], url_pattern)
-                track_url_pattern = urllib.parse.urljoin(ism_url, track_url_pattern)
-
-                fragments = []
-                fragment_ctx = {
-                    'time': 0,
-                }
-                stream_fragments = stream.findall('c')
-                for stream_fragment_index, stream_fragment in enumerate(stream_fragments):
-                    fragment_ctx['time'] = int_or_none(stream_fragment.get('t')) or fragment_ctx['time']
-                    fragment_repeat = int_or_none(stream_fragment.get('r')) or 1
-                    fragment_ctx['duration'] = int_or_none(stream_fragment.get('d'))
-                    if not fragment_ctx['duration']:
-                        try:
-                            next_fragment_time = int(stream_fragment[stream_fragment_index + 1].attrib['t'])
-                        except IndexError:
-                            next_fragment_time = duration
-                        fragment_ctx['duration'] = (next_fragment_time - fragment_ctx['time']) / fragment_repeat
-                    for _ in range(fragment_repeat):
-                        fragments.append({
-                            'url': re.sub(r'{start[ _]time}', str(fragment_ctx['time']), track_url_pattern),
-                            'duration': fragment_ctx['duration'] / stream_timescale,
-                        })
-                        fragment_ctx['time'] += fragment_ctx['duration']
-
-                if stream_type == 'text':
-                    subtitles.setdefault(stream_language, []).append({
-                        'ext': 'ismt',
-                        'protocol': 'ism',
-                        'url': ism_url,
-                        'manifest_url': ism_url,
-                        'fragments': fragments,
-                        '_download_params': {
-                            'stream_type': stream_type,
-                            'duration': duration,
-                            'timescale': stream_timescale,
-                            'fourcc': fourcc,
-                            'language': stream_language,
-                            'codec_private_data': track.get('CodecPrivateData'),
-                        }
-                    })
-                elif stream_type in ('video', 'audio'):
-                    formats.append({
-                        'format_id': join_nonempty(ism_id, stream_name, tbr),
-                        'url': ism_url,
-                        'manifest_url': ism_url,
-                        'ext': 'ismv' if stream_type == 'video' else 'isma',
-                        'width': width,
-                        'height': height,
-                        'tbr': tbr,
-                        'asr': sampling_rate,
-                        'vcodec': 'none' if stream_type == 'audio' else fourcc,
-                        'acodec': 'none' if stream_type == 'video' else fourcc,
-                        'protocol': 'ism',
-                        'fragments': fragments,
-                        'has_drm': ism_doc.find('Protection') is not None,
-                        'language': stream_language,
-                        'audio_channels': int_or_none(track.get('Channels')),
-                        '_download_params': {
-                            'stream_type': stream_type,
-                            'duration': duration,
-                            'timescale': stream_timescale,
-                            'width': width or 0,
-                            'height': height or 0,
-                            'fourcc': fourcc,
-                            'language': stream_language,
-                            'codec_private_data': track.get('CodecPrivateData'),
-                            'sampling_rate': sampling_rate,
-                            'channels': int_or_none(track.get('Channels', 2)),
-                            'bits_per_sample': int_or_none(track.get('BitsPerSample', 16)),
-                            'nal_unit_length_field': int_or_none(track.get('NALUnitLengthField', 4)),
-                        },
-                    })
-        return formats, subtitles
-
-    def _parse_html5_media_entries(self, base_url, webpage, video_id, m3u8_id=None, m3u8_entry_protocol='m3u8_native', mpd_id=None, preference=None, quality=None):
-        def absolute_url(item_url):
-            return urljoin(base_url, item_url)
-
-        def parse_content_type(content_type):
-            if not content_type:
-                return {}
-            ctr = re.search(r'(?P<mimetype>[^/]+/[^;]+)(?:;\s*codecs="?(?P<codecs>[^"]+))?', content_type)
-            if ctr:
-                mimetype, codecs = ctr.groups()
-                f = parse_codecs(codecs)
-                f['ext'] = mimetype2ext(mimetype)
-                return f
-            return {}
-
-        def _media_formats(src, cur_media_type, type_info=None):
-            type_info = type_info or {}
-            full_url = absolute_url(src)
-            ext = type_info.get('ext') or determine_ext(full_url)
-            if ext == 'm3u8':
-                is_plain_url = False
-                formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    full_url, video_id, ext='mp4',
-                    entry_protocol=m3u8_entry_protocol, m3u8_id=m3u8_id,
-                    preference=preference, quality=quality, fatal=False)
-            elif ext == 'mpd':
-                is_plain_url = False
-                formats = self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                    full_url, video_id, mpd_id=mpd_id, fatal=False)
-            else:
-                is_plain_url = True
-                formats = [{
-                    'url': full_url,
-                    'vcodec': 'none' if cur_media_type == 'audio' else None,
-                    'ext': ext,
-                }]
-            return is_plain_url, formats
-
-        entries = []
-        # amp-video and amp-audio are very similar to their HTML5 counterparts
-        # so we will include them right here (see
-        # https://www.ampproject.org/docs/reference/components/amp-video)
-        # For dl8-* tags see https://delight-vr.com/documentation/dl8-video/
-        _MEDIA_TAG_NAME_RE = r'(?:(?:amp|dl8(?:-live)?)-)?(video|audio)'
-        media_tags = [(media_tag, media_tag_name, media_type, '')
-                      for media_tag, media_tag_name, media_type
-                      in re.findall(r'(?s)(<(%s)[^>]*/>)' % _MEDIA_TAG_NAME_RE, webpage)]
-        media_tags.extend(re.findall(
-            # We only allow video|audio followed by a whitespace or '>'.
-            # Allowing more characters may end up in significant slow down (see
-            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/11979,
-            # e.g. http://www.porntrex.com/maps/videositemap.xml).
-            r'(?s)(<(?P<tag>%s)(?:\s+[^>]*)?>)(.*?)</(?P=tag)>' % _MEDIA_TAG_NAME_RE, webpage))
-        for media_tag, _, media_type, media_content in media_tags:
-            media_info = {
-                'formats': [],
-                'subtitles': {},
-            }
-            media_attributes = extract_attributes(media_tag)
-            src = strip_or_none(dict_get(media_attributes, ('src', 'data-video-src', 'data-src', 'data-source')))
-            if src:
-                f = parse_content_type(media_attributes.get('type'))
-                _, formats = _media_formats(src, media_type, f)
-                media_info['formats'].extend(formats)
-            media_info['thumbnail'] = absolute_url(media_attributes.get('poster'))
-            if media_content:
-                for source_tag in re.findall(r'<source[^>]+>', media_content):
-                    s_attr = extract_attributes(source_tag)
-                    # data-video-src and data-src are non standard but seen
-                    # several times in the wild
-                    src = strip_or_none(dict_get(s_attr, ('src', 'data-video-src', 'data-src', 'data-source')))
-                    if not src:
-                        continue
-                    f = parse_content_type(s_attr.get('type'))
-                    is_plain_url, formats = _media_formats(src, media_type, f)
-                    if is_plain_url:
-                        # width, height, res, label and title attributes are
-                        # all not standard but seen several times in the wild
-                        labels = [
-                            s_attr.get(lbl)
-                            for lbl in ('label', 'title')
-                            if str_or_none(s_attr.get(lbl))
-                        ]
-                        width = int_or_none(s_attr.get('width'))
-                        height = (int_or_none(s_attr.get('height'))
-                                  or int_or_none(s_attr.get('res')))
-                        if not width or not height:
-                            for lbl in labels:
-                                resolution = parse_resolution(lbl)
-                                if not resolution:
-                                    continue
-                                width = width or resolution.get('width')
-                                height = height or resolution.get('height')
-                        for lbl in labels:
-                            tbr = parse_bitrate(lbl)
-                            if tbr:
-                                break
-                        else:
-                            tbr = None
-                        f.update({
-                            'width': width,
-                            'height': height,
-                            'tbr': tbr,
-                            'format_id': s_attr.get('label') or s_attr.get('title'),
-                        })
-                        f.update(formats[0])
-                        media_info['formats'].append(f)
-                    else:
-                        media_info['formats'].extend(formats)
-                for track_tag in re.findall(r'<track[^>]+>', media_content):
-                    track_attributes = extract_attributes(track_tag)
-                    kind = track_attributes.get('kind')
-                    if not kind or kind in ('subtitles', 'captions'):
-                        src = strip_or_none(track_attributes.get('src'))
-                        if not src:
-                            continue
-                        lang = track_attributes.get('srclang') or track_attributes.get('lang') or track_attributes.get('label')
-                        media_info['subtitles'].setdefault(lang, []).append({
-                            'url': absolute_url(src),
-                        })
-            for f in media_info['formats']:
-                f.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Referer'] = base_url
-            if media_info['formats'] or media_info['subtitles']:
-                entries.append(media_info)
-        return entries
-
-    def _extract_akamai_formats(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        fmts, subs = self._extract_akamai_formats_and_subtitles(*args, **kwargs)
-        if subs:
-            self._report_ignoring_subs('akamai')
-        return fmts
-
-    def _extract_akamai_formats_and_subtitles(self, manifest_url, video_id, hosts={}):
-        signed = 'hdnea=' in manifest_url
-        if not signed:
-            # https://learn.akamai.com/en-us/webhelp/media-services-on-demand/stream-packaging-user-guide/GUID-BE6C0F73-1E06-483B-B0EA-57984B91B7F9.html
-            manifest_url = re.sub(
-                r'(?:b=[\d,-]+|(?:__a__|attributes)=off|__b__=\d+)&?',
-                '', manifest_url).strip('?')
-
-        formats = []
-        subtitles = {}
-
-        hdcore_sign = 'hdcore=3.7.0'
-        f4m_url = re.sub(r'(https?://[^/]+)/i/', r'\1/z/', manifest_url).replace('/master.m3u8', '/manifest.f4m')
-        hds_host = hosts.get('hds')
-        if hds_host:
-            f4m_url = re.sub(r'(https?://)[^/]+', r'\1' + hds_host, f4m_url)
-        if 'hdcore=' not in f4m_url:
-            f4m_url += ('&' if '?' in f4m_url else '?') + hdcore_sign
-        f4m_formats = self._extract_f4m_formats(
-            f4m_url, video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False)
-        for entry in f4m_formats:
-            entry.update({'extra_param_to_segment_url': hdcore_sign})
-        formats.extend(f4m_formats)
-
-        m3u8_url = re.sub(r'(https?://[^/]+)/z/', r'\1/i/', manifest_url).replace('/manifest.f4m', '/master.m3u8')
-        hls_host = hosts.get('hls')
-        if hls_host:
-            m3u8_url = re.sub(r'(https?://)[^/]+', r'\1' + hls_host, m3u8_url)
-        m3u8_formats, m3u8_subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-            m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native',
-            m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
-        formats.extend(m3u8_formats)
-        subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, m3u8_subtitles)
-
-        http_host = hosts.get('http')
-        if http_host and m3u8_formats and not signed:
-            REPL_REGEX = r'https?://[^/]+/i/([^,]+),([^/]+),([^/]+)\.csmil/.+'
-            qualities = re.match(REPL_REGEX, m3u8_url).group(2).split(',')
-            qualities_length = len(qualities)
-            if len(m3u8_formats) in (qualities_length, qualities_length + 1):
-                i = 0
-                for f in m3u8_formats:
-                    if f['vcodec'] != 'none':
-                        for protocol in ('http', 'https'):
-                            http_f = f.copy()
-                            del http_f['manifest_url']
-                            http_url = re.sub(
-                                REPL_REGEX, protocol + fr'://{http_host}/\g<1>{qualities[i]}\3', f['url'])
-                            http_f.update({
-                                'format_id': http_f['format_id'].replace('hls-', protocol + '-'),
-                                'url': http_url,
-                                'protocol': protocol,
-                            })
-                            formats.append(http_f)
-                        i += 1
-
-        return formats, subtitles
-
-    def _extract_wowza_formats(self, url, video_id, m3u8_entry_protocol='m3u8_native', skip_protocols=[]):
-        query = urllib.parse.urlparse(url).query
-        url = re.sub(r'/(?:manifest|playlist|jwplayer)\.(?:m3u8|f4m|mpd|smil)', '', url)
-        mobj = re.search(
-            r'(?:(?:http|rtmp|rtsp)(?P<s>s)?:)?(?P<url>//[^?]+)', url)
-        url_base = mobj.group('url')
-        http_base_url = '%s%s:%s' % ('http', mobj.group('s') or '', url_base)
-        formats = []
-
-        def manifest_url(manifest):
-            m_url = f'{http_base_url}/{manifest}'
-            if query:
-                m_url += '?%s' % query
-            return m_url
-
-        if 'm3u8' not in skip_protocols:
-            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                manifest_url('playlist.m3u8'), video_id, 'mp4',
-                m3u8_entry_protocol, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
-        if 'f4m' not in skip_protocols:
-            formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(
-                manifest_url('manifest.f4m'),
-                video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False))
-        if 'dash' not in skip_protocols:
-            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                manifest_url('manifest.mpd'),
-                video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False))
-        if re.search(r'(?:/smil:|\.smil)', url_base):
-            if 'smil' not in skip_protocols:
-                rtmp_formats = self._extract_smil_formats(
-                    manifest_url('jwplayer.smil'),
-                    video_id, fatal=False)
-                for rtmp_format in rtmp_formats:
-                    rtsp_format = rtmp_format.copy()
-                    rtsp_format['url'] = '%s/%s' % (rtmp_format['url'], rtmp_format['play_path'])
-                    del rtsp_format['play_path']
-                    del rtsp_format['ext']
-                    rtsp_format.update({
-                        'url': rtsp_format['url'].replace('rtmp://', 'rtsp://'),
-                        'format_id': rtmp_format['format_id'].replace('rtmp', 'rtsp'),
-                        'protocol': 'rtsp',
-                    })
-                    formats.extend([rtmp_format, rtsp_format])
-        else:
-            for protocol in ('rtmp', 'rtsp'):
-                if protocol not in skip_protocols:
-                    formats.append({
-                        'url': f'{protocol}:{url_base}',
-                        'format_id': protocol,
-                        'protocol': protocol,
-                    })
-        return formats
-
-    def _find_jwplayer_data(self, webpage, video_id=None, transform_source=js_to_json):
-        mobj = re.search(
-            r'''(?s)jwplayer\s*\(\s*(?P<q>'|")(?!(?P=q)).+(?P=q)\s*\)(?!</script>).*?\.\s*setup\s*\(\s*(?P<options>(?:\([^)]*\)|[^)])+)\s*\)''',
-            webpage)
-        if mobj:
-            try:
-                jwplayer_data = self._parse_json(mobj.group('options'),
-                                                 video_id=video_id,
-                                                 transform_source=transform_source)
-            except ExtractorError:
-                pass
-            else:
-                if isinstance(jwplayer_data, dict):
-                    return jwplayer_data
-
-    def _extract_jwplayer_data(self, webpage, video_id, *args, **kwargs):
-        jwplayer_data = self._find_jwplayer_data(
-            webpage, video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
-        return self._parse_jwplayer_data(
-            jwplayer_data, video_id, *args, **kwargs)
-
-    def _parse_jwplayer_data(self, jwplayer_data, video_id=None, require_title=True,
-                             m3u8_id=None, mpd_id=None, rtmp_params=None, base_url=None):
-        entries = []
-        if not isinstance(jwplayer_data, dict):
-            return entries
-
-        playlist_items = jwplayer_data.get('playlist')
-        # JWPlayer backward compatibility: single playlist item/flattened playlists
-        # https://github.com/jwplayer/jwplayer/blob/v7.7.0/src/js/playlist/playlist.js#L10
-        # https://github.com/jwplayer/jwplayer/blob/v7.4.3/src/js/api/config.js#L81-L96
-        if not isinstance(playlist_items, list):
-            playlist_items = (playlist_items or jwplayer_data, )
-
-        for video_data in playlist_items:
-            if not isinstance(video_data, dict):
-                continue
-            # JWPlayer backward compatibility: flattened sources
-            # https://github.com/jwplayer/jwplayer/blob/v7.4.3/src/js/playlist/item.js#L29-L35
-            if 'sources' not in video_data:
-                video_data['sources'] = [video_data]
-
-            this_video_id = video_id or video_data['mediaid']
-
-            formats = self._parse_jwplayer_formats(
-                video_data['sources'], video_id=this_video_id, m3u8_id=m3u8_id,
-                mpd_id=mpd_id, rtmp_params=rtmp_params, base_url=base_url)
-
-            subtitles = {}
-            tracks = video_data.get('tracks')
-            if tracks and isinstance(tracks, list):
-                for track in tracks:
-                    if not isinstance(track, dict):
-                        continue
-                    track_kind = track.get('kind')
-                    if not track_kind or not isinstance(track_kind, str):
-                        continue
-                    if track_kind.lower() not in ('captions', 'subtitles'):
-                        continue
-                    track_url = urljoin(base_url, track.get('file'))
-                    if not track_url:
-                        continue
-                    subtitles.setdefault(track.get('label') or 'en', []).append({
-                        'url': self._proto_relative_url(track_url)
-                    })
-
-            entry = {
-                'id': this_video_id,
-                'title': unescapeHTML(video_data['title'] if require_title else video_data.get('title')),
-                'description': clean_html(video_data.get('description')),
-                'thumbnail': urljoin(base_url, self._proto_relative_url(video_data.get('image'))),
-                'timestamp': int_or_none(video_data.get('pubdate')),
-                'duration': float_or_none(jwplayer_data.get('duration') or video_data.get('duration')),
-                'subtitles': subtitles,
-                'alt_title': clean_html(video_data.get('subtitle')),  # attributes used e.g. by Tele5 ...
-                'genre': clean_html(video_data.get('genre')),
-                'channel': clean_html(dict_get(video_data, ('category', 'channel'))),
-                'season_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('season')),
-                'episode_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('episode')),
-                'release_year': int_or_none(video_data.get('releasedate')),
-                'age_limit': int_or_none(video_data.get('age_restriction')),
-            }
-            # https://github.com/jwplayer/jwplayer/blob/master/src/js/utils/validator.js#L32
-            if len(formats) == 1 and re.search(r'^(?:http|//).*(?:youtube\.com|youtu\.be)/.+', formats[0]['url']):
-                entry.update({
-                    '_type': 'url_transparent',
-                    'url': formats[0]['url'],
-                })
-            else:
-                entry['formats'] = formats
-            entries.append(entry)
-        if len(entries) == 1:
-            return entries[0]
-        else:
-            return self.playlist_result(entries)
-
-    def _parse_jwplayer_formats(self, jwplayer_sources_data, video_id=None,
-                                m3u8_id=None, mpd_id=None, rtmp_params=None, base_url=None):
-        urls = set()
-        formats = []
-        for source in jwplayer_sources_data:
-            if not isinstance(source, dict):
-                continue
-            source_url = urljoin(
-                base_url, self._proto_relative_url(source.get('file')))
-            if not source_url or source_url in urls:
-                continue
-            urls.add(source_url)
-            source_type = source.get('type') or ''
-            ext = mimetype2ext(source_type) or determine_ext(source_url)
-            if source_type == 'hls' or ext == 'm3u8' or 'format=m3u8-aapl' in source_url:
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    source_url, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
-                    m3u8_id=m3u8_id, fatal=False))
-            elif source_type == 'dash' or ext == 'mpd' or 'format=mpd-time-csf' in source_url:
-                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                    source_url, video_id, mpd_id=mpd_id, fatal=False))
-            elif ext == 'smil':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_smil_formats(
-                    source_url, video_id, fatal=False))
-            # https://github.com/jwplayer/jwplayer/blob/master/src/js/providers/default.js#L67
-            elif source_type.startswith('audio') or ext in (
-                    'oga', 'aac', 'mp3', 'mpeg', 'vorbis'):
-                formats.append({
-                    'url': source_url,
-                    'vcodec': 'none',
-                    'ext': ext,
-                })
-            else:
-                format_id = str_or_none(source.get('label'))
-                height = int_or_none(source.get('height'))
-                if height is None and format_id:
-                    # Often no height is provided but there is a label in
-                    # format like "1080p", "720p SD", or 1080.
-                    height = parse_resolution(format_id).get('height')
-                a_format = {
-                    'url': source_url,
-                    'width': int_or_none(source.get('width')),
-                    'height': height,
-                    'tbr': int_or_none(source.get('bitrate'), scale=1000),
-                    'filesize': int_or_none(source.get('filesize')),
-                    'ext': ext,
-                    'format_id': format_id
-                }
-                if source_url.startswith('rtmp'):
-                    a_format['ext'] = 'flv'
-                    # See com/longtailvideo/jwplayer/media/RTMPMediaProvider.as
-                    # of jwplayer.flash.swf
-                    rtmp_url_parts = re.split(
-                        r'((?:mp4|mp3|flv):)', source_url, 1)
-                    if len(rtmp_url_parts) == 3:
-                        rtmp_url, prefix, play_path = rtmp_url_parts
-                        a_format.update({
-                            'url': rtmp_url,
-                            'play_path': prefix + play_path,
-                        })
-                    if rtmp_params:
-                        a_format.update(rtmp_params)
-                formats.append(a_format)
-        return formats
-
-    def _live_title(self, name):
-        self._downloader.deprecation_warning('yt_dlp.InfoExtractor._live_title is deprecated and does not work as expected')
-        return name
-
-    def _int(self, v, name, fatal=False, **kwargs):
-        res = int_or_none(v, **kwargs)
-        if res is None:
-            msg = f'Failed to extract {name}: Could not parse value {v!r}'
-            if fatal:
-                raise ExtractorError(msg)
-            else:
-                self.report_warning(msg)
-        return res
-
-    def _float(self, v, name, fatal=False, **kwargs):
-        res = float_or_none(v, **kwargs)
-        if res is None:
-            msg = f'Failed to extract {name}: Could not parse value {v!r}'
-            if fatal:
-                raise ExtractorError(msg)
-            else:
-                self.report_warning(msg)
-        return res
-
-    def _set_cookie(self, domain, name, value, expire_time=None, port=None,
-                    path='/', secure=False, discard=False, rest={}, **kwargs):
-        cookie = http.cookiejar.Cookie(
-            0, name, value, port, port is not None, domain, True,
-            domain.startswith('.'), path, True, secure, expire_time,
-            discard, None, None, rest)
-        self.cookiejar.set_cookie(cookie)
-
-    def _get_cookies(self, url):
-        """ Return a http.cookies.SimpleCookie with the cookies for the url """
-        return LenientSimpleCookie(self._downloader.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(url))
-
-    def _apply_first_set_cookie_header(self, url_handle, cookie):
-        """
-        Apply first Set-Cookie header instead of the last. Experimental.
-
-        Some sites (e.g. [1-3]) may serve two cookies under the same name
-        in Set-Cookie header and expect the first (old) one to be set rather
-        than second (new). However, as of RFC6265 the newer one cookie
-        should be set into cookie store what actually happens.
-        We will workaround this issue by resetting the cookie to
-        the first one manually.
-        1. https://new.vk.com/
-        2. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/9841#issuecomment-227871201
-        3. https://learning.oreilly.com/
-        """
-        for header, cookies in url_handle.headers.items():
-            if header.lower() != 'set-cookie':
-                continue
-            cookies = cookies.encode('iso-8859-1').decode('utf-8')
-            cookie_value = re.search(
-                r'%s=(.+?);.*?\b[Dd]omain=(.+?)(?:[,;]|$)' % cookie, cookies)
-            if cookie_value:
-                value, domain = cookie_value.groups()
-                self._set_cookie(domain, cookie, value)
-                break
-
-    @classmethod
-    def get_testcases(cls, include_onlymatching=False):
-        # Do not look in super classes
-        t = vars(cls).get('_TEST')
-        if t:
-            assert not hasattr(cls, '_TESTS'), f'{cls.ie_key()}IE has _TEST and _TESTS'
-            tests = [t]
-        else:
-            tests = vars(cls).get('_TESTS', [])
-        for t in tests:
-            if not include_onlymatching and t.get('only_matching', False):
-                continue
-            t['name'] = cls.ie_key()
-            yield t
-        if getattr(cls, '__wrapped__', None):
-            yield from cls.__wrapped__.get_testcases(include_onlymatching)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def get_webpage_testcases(cls):
-        tests = vars(cls).get('_WEBPAGE_TESTS', [])
-        for t in tests:
-            t['name'] = cls.ie_key()
-            yield t
-        if getattr(cls, '__wrapped__', None):
-            yield from cls.__wrapped__.get_webpage_testcases()
-
-    @classproperty(cache=True)
-    def age_limit(cls):
-        """Get age limit from the testcases"""
-        return max(traverse_obj(
-            (*cls.get_testcases(include_onlymatching=False), *cls.get_webpage_testcases()),
-            (..., (('playlist', 0), None), 'info_dict', 'age_limit')) or [0])
-
-    @classproperty(cache=True)
-    def _RETURN_TYPE(cls):
-        """What the extractor returns: "video", "playlist", "any", or None (Unknown)"""
-        tests = tuple(cls.get_testcases(include_onlymatching=False))
-        if not tests:
-            return None
-        elif not any(k.startswith('playlist') for test in tests for k in test):
-            return 'video'
-        elif all(any(k.startswith('playlist') for k in test) for test in tests):
-            return 'playlist'
-        return 'any'
-
-    @classmethod
-    def is_single_video(cls, url):
-        """Returns whether the URL is of a single video, None if unknown"""
-        if cls.suitable(url):
-            return {'video': True, 'playlist': False}.get(cls._RETURN_TYPE)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def is_suitable(cls, age_limit):
-        """Test whether the extractor is generally suitable for the given age limit"""
-        return not age_restricted(cls.age_limit, age_limit)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def description(cls, *, markdown=True, search_examples=None):
-        """Description of the extractor"""
-        desc = ''
-        if cls._NETRC_MACHINE:
-            if markdown:
-                desc += f' [*{cls._NETRC_MACHINE}*](## "netrc machine")'
-            else:
-                desc += f' [{cls._NETRC_MACHINE}]'
-        if cls.IE_DESC is False:
-            desc += ' [HIDDEN]'
-        elif cls.IE_DESC:
-            desc += f' {cls.IE_DESC}'
-        if cls.SEARCH_KEY:
-            desc += f'{";" if cls.IE_DESC else ""} "{cls.SEARCH_KEY}:" prefix'
-            if search_examples:
-                _COUNTS = ('', '5', '10', 'all')
-                desc += f' (e.g. "{cls.SEARCH_KEY}{random.choice(_COUNTS)}:{random.choice(search_examples)}")'
-        if not cls.working():
-            desc += ' (**Currently broken**)' if markdown else ' (Currently broken)'
-
-        # Escape emojis. Ref: https://github.com/github/markup/issues/1153
-        name = (' - **%s**' % re.sub(r':(\w+:)', ':\u200B\\g<1>', cls.IE_NAME)) if markdown else cls.IE_NAME
-        return f'{name}:{desc}' if desc else name
-
-    def extract_subtitles(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        if (self.get_param('writesubtitles', False)
-                or self.get_param('listsubtitles')):
-            return self._get_subtitles(*args, **kwargs)
-        return {}
-
-    def _get_subtitles(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
-
-    class CommentsDisabled(Exception):
-        """Raise in _get_comments if comments are disabled for the video"""
-
-    def extract_comments(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        if not self.get_param('getcomments'):
-            return None
-        generator = self._get_comments(*args, **kwargs)
-
-        def extractor():
-            comments = []
-            interrupted = True
-            try:
-                while True:
-                    comments.append(next(generator))
-            except StopIteration:
-                interrupted = False
-            except KeyboardInterrupt:
-                self.to_screen('Interrupted by user')
-            except self.CommentsDisabled:
-                return {'comments': None, 'comment_count': None}
-            except Exception as e:
-                if self.get_param('ignoreerrors') is not True:
-                    raise
-                self._downloader.report_error(e)
-            comment_count = len(comments)
-            self.to_screen(f'Extracted {comment_count} comments')
-            return {
-                'comments': comments,
-                'comment_count': None if interrupted else comment_count
-            }
-        return extractor
-
-    def _get_comments(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _merge_subtitle_items(subtitle_list1, subtitle_list2):
-        """ Merge subtitle items for one language. Items with duplicated URLs/data
-        will be dropped. """
-        list1_data = {(item.get('url'), item.get('data')) for item in subtitle_list1}
-        ret = list(subtitle_list1)
-        ret.extend(item for item in subtitle_list2 if (item.get('url'), item.get('data')) not in list1_data)
-        return ret
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _merge_subtitles(cls, *dicts, target=None):
-        """ Merge subtitle dictionaries, language by language. """
-        if target is None:
-            target = {}
-        for d in dicts:
-            for lang, subs in d.items():
-                target[lang] = cls._merge_subtitle_items(target.get(lang, []), subs)
-        return target
-
-    def extract_automatic_captions(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        if (self.get_param('writeautomaticsub', False)
-                or self.get_param('listsubtitles')):
-            return self._get_automatic_captions(*args, **kwargs)
-        return {}
-
-    def _get_automatic_captions(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
-
-    @functools.cached_property
-    def _cookies_passed(self):
-        """Whether cookies have been passed to YoutubeDL"""
-        return self.get_param('cookiefile') is not None or self.get_param('cookiesfrombrowser') is not None
-
-    def mark_watched(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        if not self.get_param('mark_watched', False):
-            return
-        if self.supports_login() and self._get_login_info()[0] is not None or self._cookies_passed:
-            self._mark_watched(*args, **kwargs)
-
-    def _mark_watched(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
-
-    def geo_verification_headers(self):
-        headers = {}
-        geo_verification_proxy = self.get_param('geo_verification_proxy')
-        if geo_verification_proxy:
-            headers['Ytdl-request-proxy'] = geo_verification_proxy
-        return headers
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _generic_id(url):
-        return urllib.parse.unquote(os.path.splitext(url.rstrip('/').split('/')[-1])[0])
-
-    def _generic_title(self, url='', webpage='', *, default=None):
-        return (self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None)
-                or self._html_extract_title(webpage, default=None)
-                or urllib.parse.unquote(os.path.splitext(url_basename(url))[0])
-                or default)
-
-    def _extract_chapters_helper(self, chapter_list, start_function, title_function, duration, strict=True):
-        if not duration:
-            return
-        chapter_list = [{
-            'start_time': start_function(chapter),
-            'title': title_function(chapter),
-        } for chapter in chapter_list or []]
-        if strict:
-            warn = self.report_warning
-        else:
-            warn = self.write_debug
-            chapter_list.sort(key=lambda c: c['start_time'] or 0)
-
-        chapters = [{'start_time': 0}]
-        for idx, chapter in enumerate(chapter_list):
-            if chapter['start_time'] is None:
-                warn(f'Incomplete chapter {idx}')
-            elif chapters[-1]['start_time'] <= chapter['start_time'] <= duration:
-                chapters.append(chapter)
-            elif chapter not in chapters:
-                issue = (f'{chapter["start_time"]} > {duration}' if chapter['start_time'] > duration
-                         else f'{chapter["start_time"]} < {chapters[-1]["start_time"]}')
-                warn(f'Invalid start time ({issue}) for chapter "{chapter["title"]}"')
-        return chapters[1:]
-
-    def _extract_chapters_from_description(self, description, duration):
-        duration_re = r'(?:\d+:)?\d{1,2}:\d{2}'
-        sep_re = r'(?m)^\s*(%s)\b\W*\s(%s)\s*$'
-        return self._extract_chapters_helper(
-            re.findall(sep_re % (duration_re, r'.+?'), description or ''),
-            start_function=lambda x: parse_duration(x[0]), title_function=lambda x: x[1],
-            duration=duration, strict=False) or self._extract_chapters_helper(
-            re.findall(sep_re % (r'.+?', duration_re), description or ''),
-            start_function=lambda x: parse_duration(x[1]), title_function=lambda x: x[0],
-            duration=duration, strict=False)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _availability(is_private=None, needs_premium=None, needs_subscription=None, needs_auth=None, is_unlisted=None):
-        all_known = all(map(
-            lambda x: x is not None,
-            (is_private, needs_premium, needs_subscription, needs_auth, is_unlisted)))
-        return (
-            'private' if is_private
-            else 'premium_only' if needs_premium
-            else 'subscriber_only' if needs_subscription
-            else 'needs_auth' if needs_auth
-            else 'unlisted' if is_unlisted
-            else 'public' if all_known
-            else None)
-
-    def _configuration_arg(self, key, default=NO_DEFAULT, *, ie_key=None, casesense=False):
-        '''
-        @returns            A list of values for the extractor argument given by "key"
-                            or "default" if no such key is present
-        @param default      The default value to return when the key is not present (default: [])
-        @param casesense    When false, the values are converted to lower case
-        '''
-        ie_key = ie_key if isinstance(ie_key, str) else (ie_key or self).ie_key()
-        val = traverse_obj(self._downloader.params, ('extractor_args', ie_key.lower(), key))
-        if val is None:
-            return [] if default is NO_DEFAULT else default
-        return list(val) if casesense else [x.lower() for x in val]
-
-    def _yes_playlist(self, playlist_id, video_id, smuggled_data=None, *, playlist_label='playlist', video_label='video'):
-        if not playlist_id or not video_id:
-            return not video_id
-
-        no_playlist = (smuggled_data or {}).get('force_noplaylist')
-        if no_playlist is not None:
-            return not no_playlist
-
-        video_id = '' if video_id is True else f' {video_id}'
-        playlist_id = '' if playlist_id is True else f' {playlist_id}'
-        if self.get_param('noplaylist'):
-            self.to_screen(f'Downloading just the {video_label}{video_id} because of --no-playlist')
-            return False
-        self.to_screen(f'Downloading {playlist_label}{playlist_id} - add --no-playlist to download just the {video_label}{video_id}')
-        return True
-
-    def _error_or_warning(self, err, _count=None, _retries=0, *, fatal=True):
-        RetryManager.report_retry(
-            err, _count or int(fatal), _retries,
-            info=self.to_screen, warn=self.report_warning, error=None if fatal else self.report_warning,
-            sleep_func=self.get_param('retry_sleep_functions', {}).get('extractor'))
-
-    def RetryManager(self, **kwargs):
-        return RetryManager(self.get_param('extractor_retries', 3), self._error_or_warning, **kwargs)
-
-    def _extract_generic_embeds(self, url, *args, info_dict={}, note='Extracting generic embeds', **kwargs):
-        display_id = traverse_obj(info_dict, 'display_id', 'id')
-        self.to_screen(f'{format_field(display_id, None, "%s: ")}{note}')
-        return self._downloader.get_info_extractor('Generic')._extract_embeds(
-            smuggle_url(url, {'block_ies': [self.ie_key()]}), *args, **kwargs)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def extract_from_webpage(cls, ydl, url, webpage):
-        ie = (cls if isinstance(cls._extract_from_webpage, types.MethodType)
-              else ydl.get_info_extractor(cls.ie_key()))
-        for info in ie._extract_from_webpage(url, webpage) or []:
-            # url = None since we do not want to set (webpage/original)_url
-            ydl.add_default_extra_info(info, ie, None)
-            yield info
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _extract_from_webpage(cls, url, webpage):
-        for embed_url in orderedSet(
-                cls._extract_embed_urls(url, webpage) or [], lazy=True):
-            yield cls.url_result(embed_url, None if cls._VALID_URL is False else cls)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _extract_embed_urls(cls, url, webpage):
-        """@returns all the embed urls on the webpage"""
-        if '_EMBED_URL_RE' not in cls.__dict__:
-            assert isinstance(cls._EMBED_REGEX, (list, tuple))
-            for idx, regex in enumerate(cls._EMBED_REGEX):
-                assert regex.count('(?P<url>') == 1, \
-                    f'{cls.__name__}._EMBED_REGEX[{idx}] must have exactly 1 url group\n\t{regex}'
-            cls._EMBED_URL_RE = tuple(map(re.compile, cls._EMBED_REGEX))
-
-        for regex in cls._EMBED_URL_RE:
-            for mobj in regex.finditer(webpage):
-                embed_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(url, unescapeHTML(mobj.group('url')))
-                if cls._VALID_URL is False or cls.suitable(embed_url):
-                    yield embed_url
-
-    class StopExtraction(Exception):
-        pass
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _extract_url(cls, webpage):  # TODO: Remove
-        """Only for compatibility with some older extractors"""
-        return next(iter(cls._extract_embed_urls(None, webpage) or []), None)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def __init_subclass__(cls, *, plugin_name=None, **kwargs):
-        if plugin_name:
-            mro = inspect.getmro(cls)
-            super_class = cls.__wrapped__ = mro[mro.index(cls) + 1]
-            cls.PLUGIN_NAME, cls.ie_key = plugin_name, super_class.ie_key
-            cls.IE_NAME = f'{super_class.IE_NAME}+{plugin_name}'
-            while getattr(super_class, '__wrapped__', None):
-                super_class = super_class.__wrapped__
-            setattr(sys.modules[super_class.__module__], super_class.__name__, cls)
-            _PLUGIN_OVERRIDES[super_class].append(cls)
-
-        return super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
-
-
-class SearchInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
-    """
-    Base class for paged search queries extractors.
-    They accept URLs in the format _SEARCH_KEY(|all|[0-9]):{query}
-    Instances should define _SEARCH_KEY and optionally _MAX_RESULTS
-    """
-
-    _MAX_RESULTS = float('inf')
-    _RETURN_TYPE = 'playlist'
-
-    @classproperty
-    def _VALID_URL(cls):
-        return r'%s(?P<prefix>|[1-9][0-9]*|all):(?P<query>[\s\S]+)' % cls._SEARCH_KEY
-
-    def _real_extract(self, query):
-        prefix, query = self._match_valid_url(query).group('prefix', 'query')
-        if prefix == '':
-            return self._get_n_results(query, 1)
-        elif prefix == 'all':
-            return self._get_n_results(query, self._MAX_RESULTS)
-        else:
-            n = int(prefix)
-            if n <= 0:
-                raise ExtractorError(f'invalid download number {n} for query "{query}"')
-            elif n > self._MAX_RESULTS:
-                self.report_warning('%s returns max %i results (you requested %i)' % (self._SEARCH_KEY, self._MAX_RESULTS, n))
-                n = self._MAX_RESULTS
-            return self._get_n_results(query, n)
-
-    def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
-        """Get a specified number of results for a query.
-        Either this function or _search_results must be overridden by subclasses """
-        return self.playlist_result(
-            itertools.islice(self._search_results(query), 0, None if n == float('inf') else n),
-            query, query)
-
-    def _search_results(self, query):
-        """Returns an iterator of search results"""
-        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
-
-    @classproperty
-    def SEARCH_KEY(cls):
-        return cls._SEARCH_KEY
-
-
-class UnsupportedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = '.*'
-    _ENABLED = False
-    IE_DESC = False
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        raise UnsupportedError(url)
-
-
-_PLUGIN_OVERRIDES = collections.defaultdict(list)