@tishlang/tish-format 1.0.12 → 1.0.13

package/crates/tish_opt/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,943 @@
+//! AST optimization pass for Tish.
+//!
+//! Applies constant folding, short-circuit evaluation, conditional simplification,
+//! and dead code elimination. Benefits all backends: bytecode VM, native, Rust codegen, JS transpilation.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use tishlang_ast::{ArrowBody, BinOp, Expr, Literal, Program, Statement, UnaryOp};
+
+/// Optimize a Tish program. Returns a new program with transformations applied.
+pub fn optimize(program: &Program) -> Program {
+    Program {
+        statements: program.statements.iter().map(optimize_statement).collect(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn optimize_statement(stmt: &Statement) -> Statement {
+    match stmt {
+        Statement::Block { statements, span } => {
+            let optimized = optimize_block(statements);
+            Statement::Block {
+                statements: optimized,
+                span: *span,
+            }
+        }
+        Statement::VarDecl {
+            name,
+            name_span,
+            mutable,
+            type_ann,
+            init,
+            span,
+        } => Statement::VarDecl {
+            name: Arc::clone(name),
+            name_span: *name_span,
+            mutable: *mutable,
+            type_ann: type_ann.clone(),
+            init: init.as_ref().map(optimize_expr),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Statement::VarDeclDestructure {
+            pattern,
+            mutable,
+            init,
+            span,
+        } => Statement::VarDeclDestructure {
+            pattern: pattern.clone(),
+            mutable: *mutable,
+            init: optimize_expr(init),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Statement::ExprStmt { expr, span } => Statement::ExprStmt {
+            expr: optimize_expr(expr),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Statement::If {
+            cond,
+            then_branch,
+            else_branch,
+            span,
+        } => {
+            let opt_cond = optimize_expr(cond);
+            // Conditional simplification: if cond is constant, take only the branch
+            if let Expr::Literal { value, .. } = &opt_cond {
+                let truthy = literal_is_truthy(value);
+                return if truthy {
+                    optimize_statement(then_branch)
+                } else if let Some(else_b) = else_branch {
+                    optimize_statement(else_b)
+                } else {
+                    Statement::Block {
+                        statements: vec![],
+                        span: *span,
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+            Statement::If {
+                cond: opt_cond,
+                then_branch: Box::new(optimize_statement(then_branch)),
+                else_branch: else_branch
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map(|b| Box::new(optimize_statement(b))),
+                span: *span,
+            }
+        }
+        Statement::While { cond, body, span } => Statement::While {
+            cond: optimize_expr(cond),
+            body: Box::new(optimize_statement(body)),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Statement::For {
+            init,
+            cond,
+            update,
+            body,
+            span,
+        } => Statement::For {
+            init: init.as_ref().map(|i| Box::new(optimize_statement(i))),
+            cond: cond.as_ref().map(optimize_expr),
+            update: update.as_ref().map(optimize_expr),
+            body: Box::new(optimize_statement(body)),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Statement::ForOf {
+            name,
+            name_span,
+            iterable,
+            body,
+            span,
+        } => Statement::ForOf {
+            name: Arc::clone(name),
+            name_span: *name_span,
+            iterable: optimize_expr(iterable),
+            body: Box::new(optimize_statement(body)),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Statement::Return { value, span } => Statement::Return {
+            value: value.as_ref().map(optimize_expr),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Statement::Break { span } => Statement::Break { span: *span },
+        Statement::Continue { span } => Statement::Continue { span: *span },
+        Statement::FunDecl {
+            async_,
+            name,
+            name_span,
+            params,
+            rest_param,
+            return_type,
+            body,
+            span,
+        } => Statement::FunDecl {
+            async_: *async_,
+            name: Arc::clone(name),
+            name_span: *name_span,
+            params: params.clone(),
+            rest_param: rest_param.clone(),
+            return_type: return_type.clone(),
+            body: Box::new(optimize_statement(body)),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Statement::Switch {
+            expr,
+            cases,
+            default_body,
+            span,
+        } => Statement::Switch {
+            expr: optimize_expr(expr),
+            cases: cases
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(ce, stmts)| (ce.as_ref().map(optimize_expr), optimize_block(stmts)))
+                .collect(),
+            default_body: default_body.as_ref().map(|stmts| optimize_block(stmts)),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Statement::DoWhile { body, cond, span } => Statement::DoWhile {
+            body: Box::new(optimize_statement(body)),
+            cond: optimize_expr(cond),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Statement::Throw { value, span } => Statement::Throw {
+            value: optimize_expr(value),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Statement::Try {
+            body,
+            catch_param,
+            catch_param_span,
+            catch_body,
+            finally_body,
+            span,
+        } => Statement::Try {
+            body: Box::new(optimize_statement(body)),
+            catch_param: catch_param.clone(),
+            catch_param_span: *catch_param_span,
+            catch_body: catch_body.as_ref().map(|b| Box::new(optimize_statement(b))),
+            finally_body: finally_body
+                .as_ref()
+                .map(|b| Box::new(optimize_statement(b))),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Statement::Import { .. }
+        | Statement::Export { .. }
+        | Statement::TypeAlias { .. }
+        | Statement::DeclareVar { .. }
+        | Statement::DeclareFun { .. } => stmt.clone(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Optimize block with dead code elimination: remove statements after return/throw.
+fn optimize_block(statements: &[Statement]) -> Vec<Statement> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+    for stmt in statements {
+        if let Some(last) = result.last() {
+            if stmt_always_returns_or_throws(last) {
+                // Dead code - skip
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        result.push(optimize_statement(stmt));
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+fn stmt_always_returns_or_throws(stmt: &Statement) -> bool {
+    match stmt {
+        Statement::Return { .. } | Statement::Throw { .. } => true,
+        Statement::If {
+            cond: Expr::Literal { value, .. },
+            then_branch,
+            else_branch,
+            ..
+        } => {
+            let truthy = literal_is_truthy(value);
+            if truthy {
+                stmt_always_returns_or_throws(then_branch)
+            } else if let Some(else_b) = else_branch {
+                stmt_always_returns_or_throws(else_b)
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        }
+        Statement::If { .. } => false,
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+fn optimize_expr(expr: &Expr) -> Expr {
+    match expr {
+        Expr::Literal { value, span } => Expr::Literal {
+            value: value.clone(),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::Ident { name, span } => Expr::Ident {
+            name: Arc::clone(name),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::Binary {
+            left,
+            op,
+            right,
+            span,
+        } => {
+            let opt_left = optimize_expr(left);
+            let opt_right = optimize_expr(right);
+
+            // Short-circuit for And/Or when left is constant
+            if *op == BinOp::And {
+                if let Expr::Literal { value, .. } = &opt_left {
+                    return if literal_is_truthy(value) {
+                        opt_right
+                    } else {
+                        Expr::Literal {
+                            value: Literal::Bool(false),
+                            span: *span,
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+            if *op == BinOp::Or {
+                if let Expr::Literal { value, .. } = &opt_left {
+                    return if literal_is_truthy(value) {
+                        Expr::Literal {
+                            value: Literal::Bool(true),
+                            span: *span,
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        opt_right
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Constant folding when both are literals
+            if let (Expr::Literal { value: lv, .. }, Expr::Literal { value: rv, .. }) =
+                (&opt_left, &opt_right)
+            {
+                if let Some(folded) = try_fold_binop(lv, *op, rv) {
+                    return Expr::Literal {
+                        value: folded,
+                        span: *span,
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+
+            // A5: Algebraic simplification (x+0=x, x*1=x, etc.).
+            // Applied after constant folding so e.g. x*(1+0) → x*1 → x.
+            if let Some(simplified) = try_algebraic_simplify(*op, &opt_left, &opt_right, *span) {
+                return simplified;
+            }
+
+            Expr::Binary {
+                left: Box::new(opt_left),
+                op: *op,
+                right: Box::new(opt_right),
+                span: *span,
+            }
+        }
+        Expr::Unary { op, operand, span } => {
+            let opt_operand = optimize_expr(operand);
+            if let Expr::Literal { value, .. } = &opt_operand {
+                if let Some(folded) = try_fold_unary(*op, value) {
+                    return Expr::Literal {
+                        value: folded,
+                        span: *span,
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+            Expr::Unary {
+                op: *op,
+                operand: Box::new(opt_operand),
+                span: *span,
+            }
+        }
+        Expr::Conditional {
+            cond,
+            then_branch,
+            else_branch,
+            span,
+        } => {
+            let opt_cond = optimize_expr(cond);
+            if let Expr::Literal { value, .. } = &opt_cond {
+                return if literal_is_truthy(value) {
+                    optimize_expr(then_branch)
+                } else {
+                    optimize_expr(else_branch)
+                };
+            }
+            Expr::Conditional {
+                cond: Box::new(opt_cond),
+                then_branch: Box::new(optimize_expr(then_branch)),
+                else_branch: Box::new(optimize_expr(else_branch)),
+                span: *span,
+            }
+        }
+        Expr::Call { callee, args, span } => Expr::Call {
+            callee: Box::new(optimize_expr(callee)),
+            args: args
+                .iter()
+                .map(|a| match a {
+                    tishlang_ast::CallArg::Expr(e) => tishlang_ast::CallArg::Expr(optimize_expr(e)),
+                    tishlang_ast::CallArg::Spread(e) => {
+                        tishlang_ast::CallArg::Spread(optimize_expr(e))
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect(),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::New { callee, args, span } => Expr::New {
+            callee: Box::new(optimize_expr(callee)),
+            args: args
+                .iter()
+                .map(|a| match a {
+                    tishlang_ast::CallArg::Expr(e) => tishlang_ast::CallArg::Expr(optimize_expr(e)),
+                    tishlang_ast::CallArg::Spread(e) => {
+                        tishlang_ast::CallArg::Spread(optimize_expr(e))
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect(),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::Member {
+            object,
+            prop,
+            optional,
+            span,
+        } => {
+            let opt_obj = optimize_expr(object);
+            let opt_prop = match prop {
+                tishlang_ast::MemberProp::Name { name, span } => tishlang_ast::MemberProp::Name {
+                    name: Arc::clone(name),
+                    span: *span,
+                },
+                tishlang_ast::MemberProp::Expr(e) => {
+                    tishlang_ast::MemberProp::Expr(Box::new(optimize_expr(e)))
+                }
+            };
+            Expr::Member {
+                object: Box::new(opt_obj),
+                prop: opt_prop,
+                optional: *optional,
+                span: *span,
+            }
+        }
+        Expr::Index {
+            object,
+            index,
+            optional,
+            span,
+        } => Expr::Index {
+            object: Box::new(optimize_expr(object)),
+            index: Box::new(optimize_expr(index)),
+            optional: *optional,
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::NullishCoalesce { left, right, span } => {
+            let opt_left = optimize_expr(left);
+            if let Expr::Literal {
+                value: Literal::Null,
+                ..
+            } = &opt_left
+            {
+                return optimize_expr(right);
+            }
+            Expr::NullishCoalesce {
+                left: Box::new(opt_left),
+                right: Box::new(optimize_expr(right)),
+                span: *span,
+            }
+        }
+        Expr::Array { elements, span } => Expr::Array {
+            elements: elements
+                .iter()
+                .map(|e| match e {
+                    tishlang_ast::ArrayElement::Expr(ex) => {
+                        tishlang_ast::ArrayElement::Expr(optimize_expr(ex))
+                    }
+                    tishlang_ast::ArrayElement::Spread(ex) => {
+                        tishlang_ast::ArrayElement::Spread(optimize_expr(ex))
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect(),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::Object { props, span } => Expr::Object {
+            props: props
+                .iter()
+                .map(|p| match p {
+                    tishlang_ast::ObjectProp::KeyValue(k, v) => {
+                        tishlang_ast::ObjectProp::KeyValue(Arc::clone(k), optimize_expr(v))
+                    }
+                    tishlang_ast::ObjectProp::Spread(e) => {
+                        tishlang_ast::ObjectProp::Spread(optimize_expr(e))
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect(),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::Assign { name, value, span } => Expr::Assign {
+            name: Arc::clone(name),
+            value: Box::new(optimize_expr(value)),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::TypeOf { operand, span } => Expr::TypeOf {
+            operand: Box::new(optimize_expr(operand)),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::PostfixInc { .. }
+        | Expr::PostfixDec { .. }
+        | Expr::PrefixInc { .. }
+        | Expr::PrefixDec { .. } => expr.clone(),
+        Expr::CompoundAssign {
+            name,
+            op,
+            value,
+            span,
+        } => Expr::CompoundAssign {
+            name: Arc::clone(name),
+            op: *op,
+            value: Box::new(optimize_expr(value)),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::LogicalAssign {
+            name,
+            op,
+            value,
+            span,
+        } => Expr::LogicalAssign {
+            name: Arc::clone(name),
+            op: *op,
+            value: Box::new(optimize_expr(value)),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::MemberAssign {
+            object,
+            prop,
+            value,
+            span,
+        } => Expr::MemberAssign {
+            object: Box::new(optimize_expr(object)),
+            prop: Arc::clone(prop),
+            value: Box::new(optimize_expr(value)),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::IndexAssign {
+            object,
+            index,
+            value,
+            span,
+        } => Expr::IndexAssign {
+            object: Box::new(optimize_expr(object)),
+            index: Box::new(optimize_expr(index)),
+            value: Box::new(optimize_expr(value)),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::ArrowFunction { params, body, span } => {
+            let opt_body = match body {
+                ArrowBody::Expr(e) => ArrowBody::Expr(Box::new(optimize_expr(e))),
+                ArrowBody::Block(s) => ArrowBody::Block(Box::new(optimize_statement(s))),
+            };
+            Expr::ArrowFunction {
+                params: params.clone(),
+                body: opt_body,
+                span: *span,
+            }
+        }
+        Expr::TemplateLiteral {
+            quasis,
+            exprs,
+            span,
+        } => Expr::TemplateLiteral {
+            quasis: quasis.iter().map(Arc::clone).collect(),
+            exprs: exprs.iter().map(optimize_expr).collect(),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::Await { operand, span } => Expr::Await {
+            operand: Box::new(optimize_expr(operand)),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+        Expr::JsxElement { .. } | Expr::JsxFragment { .. } => expr.clone(),
+        Expr::NativeModuleLoad {
+            spec,
+            export_name,
+            span,
+        } => Expr::NativeModuleLoad {
+            spec: Arc::clone(spec),
+            export_name: Arc::clone(export_name),
+            span: *span,
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn literal_is_truthy(lit: &Literal) -> bool {
+    match lit {
+        Literal::Null => false,
+        Literal::Bool(b) => *b,
+        Literal::Number(n) => *n != 0.0 && !n.is_nan(),
+        Literal::String(s) => !s.is_empty(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn literal_strict_eq(a: &Literal, b: &Literal) -> bool {
+    match (a, b) {
+        (Literal::Number(x), Literal::Number(y)) => {
+            if x.is_nan() || y.is_nan() {
+                false
+            } else {
+                x == y
+            }
+        }
+        (Literal::String(x), Literal::String(y)) => x == y,
+        (Literal::Bool(x), Literal::Bool(y)) => x == y,
+        (Literal::Null, Literal::Null) => true,
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+fn literal_to_display_string(lit: &Literal) -> String {
+    match lit {
+        Literal::Number(n) => {
+            if n.is_nan() {
+                "NaN".to_string()
+            } else if *n == f64::INFINITY {
+                "Infinity".to_string()
+            } else if *n == f64::NEG_INFINITY {
+                "-Infinity".to_string()
+            } else {
+                n.to_string()
+            }
+        }
+        Literal::String(s) => s.to_string(),
+        Literal::Bool(b) => b.to_string(),
+        Literal::Null => "null".to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn literal_as_number(lit: &Literal) -> f64 {
+    match lit {
+        Literal::Number(n) => *n,
+        Literal::Bool(true) => 1.0,
+        Literal::Bool(false) => 0.0,
+        Literal::Null => 0.0,
+        Literal::String(s) => s.parse().unwrap_or(f64::NAN),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Algebraic simplification: x+0→x, x*1→x, etc.
+/// Only applies when the literal is a clean 0 or 1 (no NaN/Inf).
+fn try_algebraic_simplify(
+    op: BinOp,
+    left: &Expr,
+    right: &Expr,
+    span: tishlang_ast::Span,
+) -> Option<Expr> {
+    use BinOp::*;
+    fn num_is_zero(n: f64) -> bool {
+        n == 0.0 && !n.is_nan() && n.is_finite()
+    }
+    fn num_is_one(n: f64) -> bool {
+        (n - 1.0).abs() < f64::EPSILON && !n.is_nan() && n.is_finite()
+    }
+
+    match op {
+        Add => {
+            if let Expr::Literal {
+                value: Literal::Number(r),
+                ..
+            } = right
+            {
+                if num_is_zero(*r) {
+                    return Some(left.clone());
+                }
+            }
+            if let Expr::Literal {
+                value: Literal::Number(l),
+                ..
+            } = left
+            {
+                if num_is_zero(*l) {
+                    return Some(right.clone());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Sub => {
+            if let Expr::Literal {
+                value: Literal::Number(r),
+                ..
+            } = right
+            {
+                if num_is_zero(*r) {
+                    return Some(left.clone());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Mul => {
+            if let Expr::Literal {
+                value: Literal::Number(r),
+                ..
+            } = right
+            {
+                if num_is_one(*r) {
+                    return Some(left.clone());
+                }
+                if num_is_zero(*r) {
+                    return Some(Expr::Literal {
+                        value: Literal::Number(0.0),
+                        span,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            if let Expr::Literal {
+                value: Literal::Number(l),
+                ..
+            } = left
+            {
+                if num_is_one(*l) {
+                    return Some(right.clone());
+                }
+                if num_is_zero(*l) {
+                    return Some(Expr::Literal {
+                        value: Literal::Number(0.0),
+                        span,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Div => {
+            if let Expr::Literal {
+                value: Literal::Number(r),
+                ..
+            } = right
+            {
+                if num_is_one(*r) {
+                    return Some(left.clone());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Pow => {
+            if let Expr::Literal {
+                value: Literal::Number(r),
+                ..
+            } = right
+            {
+                if num_is_one(*r) {
+                    return Some(left.clone());
+                }
+                if num_is_zero(*r) {
+                    return Some(Expr::Literal {
+                        value: Literal::Number(1.0),
+                        span,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            if let Expr::Literal {
+                value: Literal::Number(l),
+                ..
+            } = left
+            {
+                if num_is_one(*l) {
+                    return Some(Expr::Literal {
+                        value: Literal::Number(1.0),
+                        span,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+fn try_fold_binop(left: &Literal, op: BinOp, right: &Literal) -> Option<Literal> {
+    use BinOp::*;
+    let ln = literal_as_number(left);
+    let rn = literal_as_number(right);
+
+    let result = match op {
+        Add => {
+            if matches!(left, Literal::String(_)) || matches!(right, Literal::String(_)) {
+                return Some(Literal::String(
+                    format!(
+                        "{}{}",
+                        literal_to_display_string(left),
+                        literal_to_display_string(right)
+                    )
+                    .into(),
+                ));
+            }
+            Literal::Number(ln + rn)
+        }
+        Sub => Literal::Number(ln - rn),
+        Mul => Literal::Number(ln * rn),
+        Div => Literal::Number(if rn == 0.0 { f64::NAN } else { ln / rn }),
+        Mod => Literal::Number(if rn == 0.0 { f64::NAN } else { ln % rn }),
+        Pow => Literal::Number(ln.powf(rn)),
+        Eq => Literal::Bool(literal_strict_eq(left, right)),
+        Ne => Literal::Bool(!literal_strict_eq(left, right)),
+        StrictEq => Literal::Bool(literal_strict_eq(left, right)),
+        StrictNe => Literal::Bool(!literal_strict_eq(left, right)),
+        Lt => Literal::Bool(ln < rn),
+        Le => Literal::Bool(ln <= rn),
+        Gt => Literal::Bool(ln > rn),
+        Ge => Literal::Bool(ln >= rn),
+        And => Literal::Bool(literal_is_truthy(left) && literal_is_truthy(right)),
+        Or => Literal::Bool(literal_is_truthy(left) || literal_is_truthy(right)),
+        BitAnd => Literal::Number((ln as i32 & rn as i32) as f64),
+        BitOr => Literal::Number((ln as i32 | rn as i32) as f64),
+        BitXor => Literal::Number((ln as i32 ^ rn as i32) as f64),
+        Shl => Literal::Number(((ln as i32) << (rn as i32)) as f64),
+        Shr => Literal::Number(((ln as i32) >> (rn as i32)) as f64),
+        In => return None, // Requires object/array on right
+    };
+    Some(result)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn program_from_source(src: &str) -> Program {
+        tishlang_parser::parse(src).expect("parse")
+    }
+
+    fn has_literal_number(expr: &Expr, n: f64) -> bool {
+        if let Expr::Literal {
+            value: Literal::Number(x),
+            ..
+        } = expr
+        {
+            (*x - n).abs() < f64::EPSILON
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn constant_fold_add() {
+        let program = program_from_source("1 + 2");
+        let opt = optimize(&program);
+        let expr = match &opt.statements[..] {
+            [tishlang_ast::Statement::ExprStmt { expr, .. }] => expr,
+            _ => panic!("expected single expr stmt"),
+        };
+        assert!(has_literal_number(expr, 3.0), "expected 3, got {:?}", expr);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn constant_fold_unary_neg() {
+        let program = program_from_source("-42");
+        let opt = optimize(&program);
+        let expr = match &opt.statements[..] {
+            [tishlang_ast::Statement::ExprStmt { expr, .. }] => expr,
+            _ => panic!("expected single expr stmt"),
+        };
+        assert!(
+            has_literal_number(expr, -42.0),
+            "expected -42, got {:?}",
+            expr
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn short_circuit_false_and() {
+        let program = program_from_source("false && foo");
+        let opt = optimize(&program);
+        let expr = match &opt.statements[..] {
+            [tishlang_ast::Statement::ExprStmt { expr, .. }] => expr,
+            _ => panic!("expected single expr stmt"),
+        };
+        assert!(
+            matches!(
+                expr,
+                Expr::Literal {
+                    value: Literal::Bool(false),
+                    ..
+                }
+            ),
+            "expected false, got {:?}",
+            expr
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn conditional_simplify_true() {
+        let program = program_from_source("true ? 1 : 2");
+        let opt = optimize(&program);
+        let expr = match &opt.statements[..] {
+            [tishlang_ast::Statement::ExprStmt { expr, .. }] => expr,
+            _ => panic!("expected single expr stmt"),
+        };
+        assert!(has_literal_number(expr, 1.0), "expected 1, got {:?}", expr);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn algebraic_simplify_x_plus_zero() {
+        // x + 0 → x (after constant fold, 0 is literal)
+        let program = program_from_source("x + 0");
+        let opt = optimize(&program);
+        let expr = match &opt.statements[..] {
+            [tishlang_ast::Statement::ExprStmt { expr, .. }] => expr,
+            _ => panic!("expected single expr stmt"),
+        };
+        assert!(
+            matches!(expr, Expr::Ident { name, .. } if name.as_ref() == "x"),
+            "expected Ident(x), got {:?}",
+            expr
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn algebraic_simplify_x_times_one() {
+        let program = program_from_source("x * 1");
+        let opt = optimize(&program);
+        let expr = match &opt.statements[..] {
+            [tishlang_ast::Statement::ExprStmt { expr, .. }] => expr,
+            _ => panic!("expected single expr stmt"),
+        };
+        assert!(
+            matches!(expr, Expr::Ident { name, .. } if name.as_ref() == "x"),
+            "expected Ident(x), got {:?}",
+            expr
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn algebraic_simplify_chain() {
+        // x * (1 + 0) → constant fold 1+0=1 → x*1 → x
+        let program = program_from_source("x * (1 + 0)");
+        let opt = optimize(&program);
+        let expr = match &opt.statements[..] {
+            [tishlang_ast::Statement::ExprStmt { expr, .. }] => expr,
+            _ => panic!("expected single expr stmt"),
+        };
+        assert!(
+            matches!(expr, Expr::Ident { name, .. } if name.as_ref() == "x"),
+            "expected Ident(x) after x*(1+0) → x*1 → x, got {:?}",
+            expr
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn algebraic_simplify_pow_one() {
+        let program = program_from_source("x ** 1");
+        let opt = optimize(&program);
+        let expr = match &opt.statements[..] {
+            [tishlang_ast::Statement::ExprStmt { expr, .. }] => expr,
+            _ => panic!("expected single expr stmt"),
+        };
+        assert!(
+            matches!(expr, Expr::Ident { name, .. } if name.as_ref() == "x"),
+            "expected Ident(x), got {:?}",
+            expr
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn algebraic_simplify_pow_zero() {
+        let program = program_from_source("x ** 0");
+        let opt = optimize(&program);
+        let expr = match &opt.statements[..] {
+            [tishlang_ast::Statement::ExprStmt { expr, .. }] => expr,
+            _ => panic!("expected single expr stmt"),
+        };
+        assert!(has_literal_number(expr, 1.0), "expected 1, got {:?}", expr);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn algebraic_simplify_one_pow_x() {
+        let program = program_from_source("1 ** x");
+        let opt = optimize(&program);
+        let expr = match &opt.statements[..] {
+            [tishlang_ast::Statement::ExprStmt { expr, .. }] => expr,
+            _ => panic!("expected single expr stmt"),
+        };
+        assert!(has_literal_number(expr, 1.0), "expected 1, got {:?}", expr);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn nullish_coalesce_null_simplify() {
+        let program = program_from_source("null ?? x");
+        let opt = optimize(&program);
+        let expr = match &opt.statements[..] {
+            [tishlang_ast::Statement::ExprStmt { expr, .. }] => expr,
+            _ => panic!("expected single expr stmt"),
+        };
+        assert!(
+            matches!(expr, Expr::Ident { name, .. } if name.as_ref() == "x"),
+            "expected Ident(x), got {:?}",
+            expr
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+fn try_fold_unary(op: UnaryOp, operand: &Literal) -> Option<Literal> {
+    use UnaryOp::*;
+    let result = match op {
+        Not => Literal::Bool(!literal_is_truthy(operand)),
+        Neg => Literal::Number(-literal_as_number(operand)),
+        Pos => Literal::Number(literal_as_number(operand)),
+        BitNot => Literal::Number(!(literal_as_number(operand) as i32) as f64),
+        Void => Literal::Null,
+    };
+    Some(result)
+}