@thanhthi2895/luna-ai 2.16.2

package/agentic/claude/.claude/skills/ai-multimodal/references/image-generation.md

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+# Image Generation Reference
+
+Comprehensive guide for image creation, editing, and composition using Imagen 4 and Gemini models ("Nano Banana").
+
+> **Nano Banana** = Google's internal name for native image generation in Gemini API. Two variants: Nano Banana (Flash - speed) and Nano Banana Pro (3 Pro - quality with reasoning).
+
+## Core Capabilities
+
+- **Text-to-Image**: Generate images from text prompts
+- **Image Editing**: Modify existing images with text instructions
+- **Multi-Image Composition**: Combine up to 14 reference images (Pro model)
+- **Iterative Refinement**: Multi-turn conversational refinement
+- **Aspect Ratios**: 10 formats (1:1, 2:3, 3:2, 3:4, 4:3, 4:5, 5:4, 9:16, 16:9, 21:9)
+- **Image Sizes**: 1K, 2K, 4K (uppercase K required)
+- **Quality Variants**: Standard/Ultra/Fast for different needs
+- **Text in Images**: Up to 25 chars optimal (4K text in Pro)
+- **Search Grounding**: Real-time data integration (Pro only)
+- **Thinking Mode**: Advanced reasoning for complex prompts (Pro only)
+
+## Models
+
+### Nano Banana (Default - Recommended)
+
+**gemini-2.5-flash-image** - Nano Banana Flash ⭐ DEFAULT
+- Best for: Speed, high-volume generation, rapid prototyping
+- Quality: High
+- Context: 65,536 input / 32,768 output tokens
+- Speed: Fast (~5-10s per image)
+- Cost: ~$1/1M input tokens
+- Aspect Ratios: All 10 supported
+- Image Sizes: 1K, 2K, 4K
+- Status: Stable (Oct 2025)
+
+**gemini-3-pro-image-preview** - Nano Banana Pro
+- Best for: Professional assets, 4K text rendering, complex prompts
+- Quality: Ultra (with advanced reasoning)
+- Context: 65,536 input / 32,768 output tokens
+- Speed: Medium
+- Cost: ~$2/1M text input, $0.134/image (resolution-dependent)
+- Multi-Image: Up to 14 reference images (6 objects + 5 humans)
+- Features: Thinking mode, Google Search grounding
+- Status: Preview (Nov 2025)
+
+### Imagen 4 (Alternative - Production)
+
+**imagen-4.0-generate-001** - Standard quality, balanced performance
+- Best for: Production workflows, marketing assets
+- Quality: High
+- Speed: Medium (~5-10s per image)
+- Cost: ~$0.02/image (estimated)
+- Output: 1-4 images per request
+- Resolution: 1K or 2K
+- Updated: June 2025
+
+**imagen-4.0-ultra-generate-001** - Maximum quality
+- Best for: Final production, marketing assets, detailed artwork
+- Quality: Ultra (highest available)
+- Speed: Slow (~15-25s per image)
+- Cost: ~$0.04/image (estimated)
+- Output: 1-4 images per request
+- Resolution: 2K preferred
+- Updated: June 2025
+
+**imagen-4.0-fast-generate-001** - Fastest generation
+- Best for: Rapid iteration, bulk generation, real-time use
+- Quality: Good
+- Speed: Fast (~2-5s per image)
+- Cost: ~$0.01/image (estimated)
+- Output: 1-4 images per request
+- Resolution: 1K
+- Updated: June 2025
+
+### Legacy Models
+
+**gemini-2.0-flash-preview-image-generation** - Legacy
+- Status: Deprecated (use Nano Banana or Imagen 4 instead)
+- Context: 32,768 input / 8,192 output tokens
+
+## Model Comparison
+
+| Model | Quality | Speed | Cost | Best For |
+|-------|---------|-------|------|----------|
+| gemini-2.5-flash-image | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 🚀 Fast | 💵 Low | **DEFAULT** - General use |
+| gemini-3-pro-image | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 💡 Medium | 💰 Medium | Text/reasoning |
+| imagen-4.0-generate | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 💡 Medium | 💰 Medium | Production (alternative) |
+| imagen-4.0-ultra | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 🐢 Slow | 💰💰 High | Marketing assets |
+| imagen-4.0-fast | ⭐⭐⭐ | 🚀 Fast | 💵 Low | Bulk generation |
+
+**Selection Guide**:
+- **Default/General**: Use `gemini-2.5-flash-image` (fast, cost-effective)
+- **Production Quality**: Use `imagen-4.0-generate-001` (alternative for final assets)
+- **Marketing/Ultra Quality**: Use `imagen-4.0-ultra` for maximum quality
+- **Text-Heavy Images**: Use `gemini-3-pro-image-preview` for 4K text rendering
+- **Complex Prompts with Reasoning**: Use `gemini-3-pro-image-preview` with Thinking mode
+- **Real-time Data Integration**: Use `gemini-3-pro-image-preview` with Search grounding
+
+## Quick Start
+
+### Basic Generation (Default - Nano Banana Flash)
+
+```python
+from google import genai
+from google.genai import types
+import os
+
+client = genai.Client(api_key=os.getenv('GEMINI_API_KEY'))
+
+# Nano Banana Flash - DEFAULT (fast, cost-effective)
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents='A serene mountain landscape at sunset with snow-capped peaks',
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['IMAGE'],  # Uppercase required
+        image_config=types.ImageConfig(
+            aspect_ratio='16:9',
+            image_size='2K'  # 1K, 2K, 4K - uppercase K required
+        )
+    )
+)
+
+# Save images
+for i, part in enumerate(response.candidates[0].content.parts):
+    if part.inline_data:
+        with open(f'output-{i}.png', 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(part.inline_data.data)
+```
+
+### Alternative - Imagen 4 (Production Quality)
+
+```python
+# Imagen 4 Standard - alternative for production workflows
+response = client.models.generate_images(
+    model='imagen-4.0-generate-001',
+    prompt='Professional product photography of smartphone',
+    config=types.GenerateImagesConfig(
+        numberOfImages=1,
+        aspectRatio='16:9',
+        imageSize='1K'
+    )
+)
+
+# Save Imagen 4 output
+for i, generated_image in enumerate(response.generated_images):
+    with open(f'output-{i}.png', 'wb') as f:
+        f.write(generated_image.image.image_bytes)
+```
+
+### Imagen 4 Quality Variants
+
+```python
+# Ultra quality (marketing assets)
+response = client.models.generate_images(
+    model='imagen-4.0-ultra-generate-001',
+    prompt='Professional product photography of smartphone',
+    config=types.GenerateImagesConfig(
+        numberOfImages=1,
+        imageSize='2K'  # Use 2K for ultra (Standard/Ultra only)
+    )
+)
+
+# Fast generation (bulk)
+# Note: Fast model doesn't support imageSize parameter
+response = client.models.generate_images(
+    model='imagen-4.0-fast-generate-001',
+    prompt='Quick concept sketch of robot character',
+    config=types.GenerateImagesConfig(
+        numberOfImages=4,  # Generate multiple variants (default: 4)
+        aspectRatio='1:1'
+    )
+)
+```
+
+### Nano Banana Pro (4K Text, Reasoning)
+
+```python
+# Nano Banana Pro - for text rendering and complex prompts
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-3-pro-image-preview',
+    contents='A futuristic cityscape with neon lights',
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['IMAGE'],  # Uppercase required
+        image_config=types.ImageConfig(
+            aspect_ratio='16:9',
+            image_size='4K'  # 4K text rendering
+        )
+    )
+)
+
+# Nano Banana Pro - with Thinking mode and Search grounding
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-3-pro-image-preview',
+    contents='Current weather in Tokyo visualized as artistic infographic',
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['TEXT', 'IMAGE'],  # Both text and image
+        image_config=types.ImageConfig(
+            aspect_ratio='1:1',
+            image_size='4K'
+        )
+    ),
+    tools=[{'google_search': {}}]  # Enable search grounding
+)
+
+# Save from content parts
+for i, part in enumerate(response.candidates[0].content.parts):
+    if part.inline_data:
+        with open(f'output-{i}.png', 'wb') as f:
+            f.write(part.inline_data.data)
+```
+
+### Multi-Image Reference (Nano Banana Pro)
+
+```python
+from PIL import Image
+
+# Up to 14 reference images (6 objects + 5 humans recommended)
+img1 = Image.open('style_ref.png')
+img2 = Image.open('color_ref.png')
+img3 = Image.open('composition_ref.png')
+
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-3-pro-image-preview',
+    contents=[
+        'Blend these reference styles into a cohesive hero image for a tech product',
+        img1, img2, img3
+    ],
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['IMAGE'],
+        image_config=types.ImageConfig(
+            aspect_ratio='16:9',
+            image_size='4K'
+        )
+    )
+)
+```
+
+### Multi-Turn Refinement Chat
+
+```python
+# Conversational image refinement
+chat = client.chats.create(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['TEXT', 'IMAGE']
+    )
+)
+
+# Initial generation
+response1 = chat.send_message('Create a minimalist logo for a coffee brand called "Brew"')
+
+# Iterative refinement
+response2 = chat.send_message('Make the text bolder and add steam rising from the cup')
+response3 = chat.send_message('Change the color palette to warm earth tones')
+```
+
+## API Differences
+
+### Imagen 4 vs Nano Banana (Gemini Native)
+
+| Feature | Imagen 4 | Nano Banana (Gemini) |
+|---------|----------|---------------------|
+| Method | `generate_images()` | `generate_content()` |
+| Config | `GenerateImagesConfig` | `GenerateContentConfig` |
+| Prompt param | `prompt` (string) | `contents` (string/list) |
+| Image count | `numberOfImages` (camelCase) | N/A (single per request) |
+| Aspect ratio | `aspectRatio` (camelCase) | `aspect_ratio` (snake_case) |
+| Size | `imageSize` | `image_size` |
+| Response | `generated_images[i].image.image_bytes` | `candidates[0].content.parts[i].inline_data.data` |
+| Multi-image input | ❌ | ✅ Up to 14 references |
+| Multi-turn chat | ❌ | ✅ Conversational |
+| Search grounding | ❌ | ✅ (Pro only) |
+| Thinking mode | ❌ | ✅ (Pro only) |
+| Text rendering | Limited | 4K (Pro) |
+
+**Imagen 4** uses `generate_images()`:
+```python
+response = client.models.generate_images(
+    model='imagen-4.0-generate-001',
+    prompt='...',
+    config=types.GenerateImagesConfig(
+        numberOfImages=1,      # camelCase
+        aspectRatio='16:9',    # camelCase
+        imageSize='1K'         # Standard/Ultra only
+    )
+)
+# Access: response.generated_images[0].image.image_bytes
+```
+
+**Nano Banana** uses `generate_content()`:
+```python
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',  # or gemini-3-pro-image-preview
+    contents='...',
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['IMAGE'],  # Uppercase required
+        image_config=types.ImageConfig(
+            aspect_ratio='16:9',        # snake_case
+            image_size='2K'             # 1K, 2K, 4K - uppercase K
+        )
+    )
+)
+# Access: response.candidates[0].content.parts[0].inline_data.data
+```
+
+**Critical Notes**:
+1. `response_modalities` values MUST be uppercase: `'IMAGE'`, `'TEXT'`
+2. `image_size` value MUST have uppercase K: `'1K'`, `'2K'`, `'4K'`
+3. Imagen 4 Fast model doesn't support `imageSize` parameter
+
+## Aspect Ratios
+
+| Ratio | Resolution (1K) | Use Case | Token Cost |
+|-------|----------------|----------|------------|
+| 1:1 | 1024×1024 | Social media, avatars, icons | 1290 |
+| 2:3 | 682×1024 | Vertical portraits | 1290 |
+| 3:2 | 1024×682 | Horizontal portraits | 1290 |
+| 3:4 | 768×1024 | Vertical posters | 1290 |
+| 4:3 | 1024×768 | Traditional media | 1290 |
+| 4:5 | 819×1024 | Instagram portrait | 1290 |
+| 5:4 | 1024×819 | Horizontal photos | 1290 |
+| 9:16 | 576×1024 | Mobile/stories/reels | 1290 |
+| 16:9 | 1024×576 | Landscapes, banners, YouTube | 1290 |
+| 21:9 | 1024×438 | Ultrawide/cinematic | 1290 |
+
+All ratios cost the same: 1,290 tokens per image (Gemini models).
+
+## Response Modalities
+
+### Image Only
+
+```python
+config = types.GenerateContentConfig(
+    response_modalities=['image'],
+    aspect_ratio='1:1'
+)
+```
+
+### Text Only (No Image)
+
+```python
+config = types.GenerateContentConfig(
+    response_modalities=['text']
+)
+# Returns text description instead of generating image
+```
+
+### Both Image and Text
+
+```python
+config = types.GenerateContentConfig(
+    response_modalities=['image', 'text'],
+    aspect_ratio='16:9'
+)
+# Returns both generated image and description
+```
+
+## Image Editing
+
+### Modify Existing Image
+
+```python
+import PIL.Image
+
+# Load original
+img = PIL.Image.open('original.png')
+
+# Edit with instructions
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents=[
+        'Add a red balloon floating in the sky',
+        img
+    ],
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['image'],
+        aspect_ratio='16:9'
+    )
+)
+```
+
+### Style Transfer
+
+```python
+img = PIL.Image.open('photo.jpg')
+
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents=[
+        'Transform this into an oil painting style',
+        img
+    ]
+)
+```
+
+### Object Addition/Removal
+
+```python
+# Add object
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents=[
+        'Add a vintage car parked on the street',
+        img
+    ]
+)
+
+# Remove object
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents=[
+        'Remove the person on the left side',
+        img
+    ]
+)
+```
+
+## Multi-Image Composition
+
+### Combine Multiple Images
+
+```python
+img1 = PIL.Image.open('background.png')
+img2 = PIL.Image.open('foreground.png')
+img3 = PIL.Image.open('overlay.png')
+
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents=[
+        'Combine these images into a cohesive scene',
+        img1,
+        img2,
+        img3
+    ],
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['image'],
+        aspect_ratio='16:9'
+    )
+)
+```
+
+**Note**: Recommended maximum 3 input images for best results.
+
+## Prompt Engineering
+
+### Core Principle: Narrative > Keywords
+
+> **Nano Banana prompting**: Write like you're briefing a photographer, not providing SEO keywords. Narrative paragraphs outperform keyword lists.
+
+❌ **Bad**: "cat, 4k, masterpiece, trending, professional, ultra detailed, cinematic"
+✅ **Good**: "A fluffy orange tabby cat with green eyes lounging on a sun-drenched windowsill. Soft morning light creates a warm glow. Shot with a 50mm lens at f/1.8 for shallow depth of field. Natural lighting, documentary photography style."
+
+### Effective Prompt Structure
+
+**Three key elements**:
+1. **Subject**: What to generate (be specific)
+2. **Context**: Environmental setting (lighting, location, time)
+3. **Style**: Artistic treatment (photography, illustration, etc.)
+
+### Quality Modifiers
+
+**Technical terms**:
+- "4K", "8K", "high resolution"
+- "HDR", "high dynamic range"
+- "professional photography"
+- "studio lighting"
+- "ultra detailed"
+
+**Camera settings**:
+- "35mm lens", "50mm lens"
+- "shallow depth of field"
+- "wide angle shot"
+- "macro photography"
+- "golden hour lighting"
+
+### Style Keywords
+
+**Art styles**:
+- "oil painting", "watercolor", "sketch"
+- "digital art", "concept art"
+- "photorealistic", "hyperrealistic"
+- "minimalist", "abstract"
+- "cyberpunk", "steampunk", "fantasy"
+
+**Mood and atmosphere**:
+- "dramatic lighting", "soft lighting"
+- "moody", "bright and cheerful"
+- "mysterious", "whimsical"
+- "dark and gritty", "pastel colors"
+
+### Subject Description
+
+**Be specific**:
+- ❌ "A cat"
+- ✅ "A fluffy orange tabby cat with green eyes"
+
+**Add context**:
+- ❌ "A building"
+- ✅ "A modern glass skyscraper reflecting sunset clouds"
+
+**Include details**:
+- ❌ "A person"
+- ✅ "A young woman in a red dress holding an umbrella"
+
+### Composition and Framing
+
+**Camera angles**:
+- "bird's eye view", "aerial shot"
+- "low angle", "high angle"
+- "close-up", "wide shot"
+- "centered composition"
+- "rule of thirds"
+
+**Perspective**:
+- "first person view"
+- "third person perspective"
+- "isometric view"
+- "forced perspective"
+
+### Text in Images
+
+**Limitations**:
+- Maximum 25 characters total for optimal results
+- Up to 3 distinct text phrases
+- For 4K text rendering, use `gemini-3-pro-image-preview`
+
+**Text prompt template**:
+```
+Image with text "[EXACT TEXT]" in [font style].
+Font: [style description].
+Color: [hex code like #FF5733].
+Position: [top/center/bottom].
+Background: [description].
+Context: [poster/sign/label].
+```
+
+**Example**:
+```python
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-3-pro-image-preview',  # Use Pro for better text
+    contents='''
+    Create a vintage travel poster with text "EXPLORE TOKYO" at the top.
+    Font: Bold retro sans-serif, slightly condensed.
+    Color: #F5E6D3 (cream white).
+    Position: Top third of image.
+    Background: Stylized Tokyo skyline with Mt. Fuji, sunset colors.
+    Style: 1950s travel poster aesthetic, muted warm colors.
+    '''
+)
+```
+
+**Font keywords**:
+- "bold sans-serif", "handwritten script", "vintage letterpress"
+- "modern minimalist", "art deco", "neon sign"
+
+### Nano Banana Prompt Techniques
+
+| Technique | Example | Purpose |
+|-----------|---------|---------|
+| ALL CAPS emphasis | `The logo MUST be centered` | Force attention to critical requirements |
+| Hex colors | `#9F2B68` instead of "dark magenta" | Exact color control |
+| Negative constraints | `NEVER include text/watermarks. DO NOT add labels.` | Explicit exclusions |
+| Realism trigger | `Natural lighting, DOF. Captured with Canon EOS 90D DSLR.` | Photography authenticity |
+| Structured edits | `Make ALL edits: - [1] - [2] - [3]` | Multi-step changes |
+| Complex logic | `Kittens MUST have heterochromatic eyes matching fur colors` | Precise conditions |
+
+**Prompt Templates**:
+
+**Photorealistic**:
+```
+A [subject] in [location], [lens] lens. [Lighting] creates [mood]. [Details].
+[Camera angle]. Professional photography, natural lighting.
+```
+
+**Illustration**:
+```
+[Art style] illustration of [subject]. [Color palette]. [Line style].
+[Background]. [Mood].
+```
+
+**Product**:
+```
+[Product] on [surface]. Materials: [finish]. Lighting: [setup].
+Camera: [angle]. Background: [type]. Style: [commercial/lifestyle].
+```
+
+## Advanced Techniques
+
+### Iterative Refinement
+
+```python
+# Initial generation
+response1 = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents='A futuristic city skyline'
+)
+
+# Save first version
+with open('v1.png', 'wb') as f:
+    f.write(response1.candidates[0].content.parts[0].inline_data.data)
+
+# Refine
+img = PIL.Image.open('v1.png')
+response2 = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents=[
+        'Add flying vehicles and neon signs',
+        img
+    ]
+)
+```
+
+### Negative Prompts (Indirect)
+
+```python
+# Instead of "no blur", be specific about what you want
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents='A crystal clear, sharp photograph of a diamond ring with perfect focus and high detail'
+)
+```
+
+### Consistent Style Across Images
+
+```python
+base_prompt = "Digital art, vibrant colors, cel-shaded style, clean lines"
+
+prompts = [
+    f"{base_prompt}, a warrior character",
+    f"{base_prompt}, a mage character",
+    f"{base_prompt}, a rogue character"
+]
+
+for i, prompt in enumerate(prompts):
+    response = client.models.generate_content(
+        model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+        contents=prompt
+    )
+    # Save each character
+```
+
+## Safety Settings
+
+### Configure Safety Filters
+
+```python
+config = types.GenerateContentConfig(
+    response_modalities=['image'],
+    safety_settings=[
+        types.SafetySetting(
+            category=types.HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_HATE_SPEECH,
+            threshold=types.HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE
+        ),
+        types.SafetySetting(
+            category=types.HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUALLY_EXPLICIT,
+            threshold=types.HarmBlockThreshold.BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE
+        )
+    ]
+)
+```
+
+### Available Categories
+
+- `HARM_CATEGORY_HATE_SPEECH`
+- `HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS_CONTENT`
+- `HARM_CATEGORY_HARASSMENT`
+- `HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUALLY_EXPLICIT`
+
+### Thresholds
+
+- `BLOCK_NONE`: No blocking
+- `BLOCK_LOW_AND_ABOVE`: Block low probability and above
+- `BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE`: Block medium and above (default)
+- `BLOCK_ONLY_HIGH`: Block only high probability
+
+## Common Use Cases
+
+### 1. Marketing Assets
+
+```python
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents='''Professional product photography:
+    - Sleek smartphone on minimalist white surface
+    - Dramatic side lighting creating subtle shadows
+    - Shallow depth of field, crisp focus
+    - Clean, modern aesthetic
+    - 4K quality
+    ''',
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['image'],
+        aspect_ratio='4:3'
+    )
+)
+```
+
+### 2. Concept Art
+
+```python
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents='''Fantasy concept art:
+    - Ancient floating islands connected by chains
+    - Waterfalls cascading into clouds below
+    - Magical crystals glowing on the islands
+    - Epic scale, dramatic lighting
+    - Detailed digital painting style
+    ''',
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['image'],
+        aspect_ratio='16:9'
+    )
+)
+```
+
+### 3. Social Media Graphics
+
+```python
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents='''Instagram post design:
+    - Pastel gradient background (pink to blue)
+    - Motivational quote layout
+    - Modern minimalist style
+    - Clean typography
+    - Mobile-friendly composition
+    ''',
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['image'],
+        aspect_ratio='1:1'
+    )
+)
+```
+
+### 4. Illustration
+
+```python
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents='''Children's book illustration:
+    - Friendly cartoon dragon reading a book
+    - Bright, cheerful colors
+    - Soft, rounded shapes
+    - Whimsical forest background
+    - Warm, inviting atmosphere
+    ''',
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['image'],
+        aspect_ratio='4:3'
+    )
+)
+```
+
+### 5. UI/UX Mockups
+
+```python
+response = client.models.generate_content(
+    model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+    contents='''Modern mobile app interface:
+    - Clean dashboard design
+    - Card-based layout
+    - Soft shadows and gradients
+    - Contemporary color scheme (blue and white)
+    - Professional fintech aesthetic
+    ''',
+    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+        response_modalities=['image'],
+        aspect_ratio='9:16'
+    )
+)
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+### Prompt Quality
+
+1. **Be specific**: More detail = better results
+2. **Order matters**: Most important elements first
+3. **Use examples**: Reference known styles or artists
+4. **Avoid contradictions**: Don't ask for opposing styles
+5. **Test and iterate**: Refine prompts based on results
+
+### File Management
+
+```python
+# Save with descriptive names
+timestamp = int(time.time())
+filename = f'generated_{timestamp}_{aspect_ratio}.png'
+
+with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
+    f.write(image_data)
+```
+
+### Cost Optimization
+
+**Token costs**:
+- 1 image: 1,290 tokens = $0.00129 (Flash Image at $1/1M)
+- 10 images: 12,900 tokens = $0.0129
+- 100 images: 129,000 tokens = $0.129
+
+**Strategies**:
+- Generate fewer iterations
+- Use text modality first to validate concept
+- Batch similar requests
+- Cache prompts for consistent style
+
+## Error Handling
+
+### Safety Filter Blocking
+
+```python
+try:
+    response = client.models.generate_content(
+        model='gemini-2.5-flash-image',
+        contents=prompt
+    )
+except Exception as e:
+    # Check block reason
+    if hasattr(e, 'prompt_feedback'):
+        print(f"Blocked: {e.prompt_feedback.block_reason}")
+        # Modify prompt and retry
+```
+
+### Token Limit Exceeded
+
+```python
+# Keep prompts concise
+if len(prompt) > 1000:
+    # Truncate or simplify
+    prompt = prompt[:1000]
+```
+
+## Limitations
+
+### Imagen 4 Constraints
+- **Language**: English prompts only
+- **Prompt length**: Maximum 480 tokens
+- **Output**: 1-4 images per request
+- **Watermark**: All images include SynthID watermark
+- **Fast model**: No `imageSize` parameter support (fixed resolution)
+- **Text rendering**: Limited to ~25 characters for optimal results
+- **Regional restrictions**: Child images restricted in EEA, CH, UK
+- **Cannot replicate**: Specific people or copyrighted characters
+
+### Nano Banana (Gemini) Constraints
+- **Language**: English prompts primary support
+- **Context**: 32K token window
+- **Multi-image**: Standard models ~3-5 refs; Pro up to 14 refs
+- **Text rendering**: Standard limited; Pro supports 4K text
+- **Watermark**: All images include SynthID watermark
+- **Case sensitivity**: `response_modalities` must be uppercase (`'IMAGE'`, `'TEXT'`)
+- **Size format**: `image_size` must have uppercase K (`'1K'`, `'2K'`, `'4K'`)
+
+### General Limitations
+- Maximum 14 input images for composition (Pro only)
+- No video or animation generation (use Veo for video)
+- No real-time generation
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### aspect_ratio Parameter Error
+
+**Error**: `Extra inputs are not permitted [type=extra_forbidden, input_value='1:1', input_type=str]`
+
+**Cause**: The `aspect_ratio` parameter must be nested inside an `image_config` object, not passed directly to `GenerateContentConfig`.
+
+**Incorrect Usage**:
+```python
+# ❌ This will fail
+config = types.GenerateContentConfig(
+    response_modalities=['image'],
+    aspect_ratio='16:9'  # Wrong - not a direct parameter
+)
+```
+
+**Correct Usage**:
+```python
+# ✅ Correct implementation
+config = types.GenerateContentConfig(
+    response_modalities=['Image'],  # Note: Capital 'I'
+    image_config=types.ImageConfig(
+        aspect_ratio='16:9'
+    )
+)
+```
+
+### Response Modality Case Sensitivity
+
+The `response_modalities` parameter expects uppercase values:
+- ✅ Correct: `['IMAGE']`, `['TEXT']`, `['IMAGE', 'TEXT']`
+- ❌ Wrong: `['image']`, `['text']`, `['Image']`
+
+### Image Size Parameter Not Supported
+
+**Error**: `400 INVALID_ARGUMENT`
+
+**Cause**: The `image_size` parameter in `ImageConfig` is not supported by all Nano Banana models.
+
+**Solution**: Don't pass `image_size` unless explicitly needed. The API uses sensible defaults.
+
+```python
+# ✅ Works - no image_size
+config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+    response_modalities=['IMAGE'],
+    image_config=types.ImageConfig(
+        aspect_ratio='16:9'  # Only aspect_ratio
+    )
+)
+
+# ⚠️ May fail - with image_size (model-dependent)
+config=types.GenerateContentConfig(
+    response_modalities=['IMAGE'],
+    image_config=types.ImageConfig(
+        aspect_ratio='16:9',
+        image_size='2K'  # Not supported by all models
+    )
+)
+```
+
+### Multi-Image Reference Issues
+
+**Problem**: Poor composition with multiple reference images
+
+**Solutions**:
+1. Limit to 3-5 reference images for standard models
+2. Use Pro model for up to 14 references
+3. Collage multiple style refs into single image
+4. Provide clear textual descriptions of how to blend styles
+
+---
+
+## Related References
+
+**Current**: Image Generation
+
+**Related Capabilities**:
+- [Image Understanding](./vision-understanding.md) - Analyzing and editing reference images
+- [Video Generation](./video-generation.md) - Creating animated video content
+- [Audio Processing](./audio-processing.md) - Text-to-speech for multimedia
+
+**Back to**: [AI Multimodal Skill](../SKILL.md)