@sythos/js_barcode_universal 1.5.8 → 1.5.9

package/src/js/oned/writers.js

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
  *
  * Original work. No code from any other barcode implementation.
  */
-
 /**
  * Linear barcode writers.
  *
@@ -38,24 +37,12 @@
  *
  * @module oned/writers
  */
-
 import { BitMatrix } from '../core/bit-matrix.js';
 import { EncodeError } from '../core/errors.js';
-import {
-  EAN_L, EAN_G, EAN_R, EAN13_PARITY, UPCE_PARITY,
-  EAN_START_END, EAN_MIDDLE, UPCE_END,
-  CODE39, CODE39_CHECK_SET, CODE39_EXTENDED,
-  CODE93, CODE93_VALUES, CODE93_START_STOP,
-  CODE128, CODE128_START_B, CODE128_START_C,
-  CODE128_STOP, CODE128_FNC1, CODE128_CODE_A, CODE128_CODE_B, CODE128_CODE_C,
-  ITF, CODABAR, CODABAR_START_STOP, CODE11, CODE11_START_STOP,
-  MSI_BIT, MSI_START, MSI_STOP,
-} from './patterns.js';
-
+import { EAN_L, EAN_G, EAN_R, EAN13_PARITY, UPCE_PARITY, EAN_START_END, EAN_MIDDLE, UPCE_END, CODE39, CODE39_CHECK_SET, CODE39_EXTENDED, CODE93, CODE93_VALUES, CODE93_START_STOP, CODE128, CODE128_START_B, CODE128_START_C, CODE128_STOP, CODE128_FNC1, CODE128_CODE_A, CODE128_CODE_B, CODE128_CODE_C, ITF, CODABAR, CODABAR_START_STOP, CODE11, CODE11_START_STOP, MSI_BIT, MSI_START, MSI_STOP, } from './patterns.js';
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
  * Shared helpers
  * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-
 /**
  * Expand an n/w width pattern into a module string, starting with a bar.
  *
@@ -64,14 +51,13 @@ import {
  * @returns {string} Module string, '1' = dark.
  */
 function expandNarrowWide(pattern, wide = 3) {
-  let out = '';
-  for (let i = 0; i < pattern.length; i++) {
-    const width = pattern[i] === 'w' ? wide : 1;
-    out += (i % 2 === 0 ? '1' : '0').repeat(width);
-  }
-  return out;
+    let out = '';
+    for (let i = 0; i < pattern.length; i++) {
+        const width = pattern[i] === 'w' ? wide : 1;
+        out += (i % 2 === 0 ? '1' : '0').repeat(width);
+    }
+    return out;
 }
-
 /**
  * Expand a digit-width pattern into a module string, starting with a bar.
  *
@@ -79,35 +65,33 @@ function expandNarrowWide(pattern, wide = 3) {
  * @returns {string}
  */
 function expandWidths(pattern) {
-  let out = '';
-  for (let i = 0; i < pattern.length; i++) {
-    out += (i % 2 === 0 ? '1' : '0').repeat(Number(pattern[i]));
-  }
-  return out;
+    let out = '';
+    for (let i = 0; i < pattern.length; i++) {
+        out += (i % 2 === 0 ? '1' : '0').repeat(Number(pattern[i]));
+    }
+    return out;
 }
-
 /**
  * @param {string} modules
  * @returns {BitMatrix} One row tall.
  */
 function toMatrix(modules) {
-  const m = new BitMatrix(modules.length, 1);
-  for (let x = 0; x < modules.length; x++) {
-    if (modules[x] === '1') m.set(x, 0);
-  }
-  return m;
+    const m = new BitMatrix(modules.length, 1);
+    for (let x = 0; x < modules.length; x++) {
+        if (modules[x] === '1')
+            m.set(x, 0);
+    }
+    return m;
 }
-
 /**
  * @param {string} value
  * @param {string} format
  */
 function requireDigits(value, format) {
-  if (!/^[0-9]+$/.test(value)) {
-    throw new EncodeError(`${format}: payload must be digits only, got "${value}"`);
-  }
+    if (!/^[0-9]+$/.test(value)) {
+        throw new EncodeError(`${format}: payload must be digits only, got "${value}"`);
+    }
 }
-
 /**
  * Modulo-10 check digit for the EAN/UPC family.
  *
@@ -120,18 +104,16 @@ function requireDigits(value, format) {
  * @returns {number}
  */
 export function ean13CheckDigit(payload) {
-  let sum = 0;
-  for (let i = 0; i < payload.length; i++) {
-    const fromRight = payload.length - 1 - i;
-    sum += Number(payload[i]) * (fromRight % 2 === 0 ? 3 : 1);
-  }
-  return (10 - (sum % 10)) % 10;
+    let sum = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < payload.length; i++) {
+        const fromRight = payload.length - 1 - i;
+        sum += Number(payload[i]) * (fromRight % 2 === 0 ? 3 : 1);
+    }
+    return (10 - (sum % 10)) % 10;
 }
-
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
  * EAN / UPC
  * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-
 /**
  * EAN-13. Accepts 12 digits (check digit appended) or 13 (verified).
  *
@@ -139,32 +121,32 @@ export function ean13CheckDigit(payload) {
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeEAN13(value) {
-  requireDigits(value, 'EAN-13');
-  let digits = value;
-  if (digits.length === 12) {
-    digits += String(ean13CheckDigit(digits));
-  } else if (digits.length === 13) {
-    const expected = ean13CheckDigit(digits.slice(0, 12));
-    if (Number(digits[12]) !== expected) {
-      throw new EncodeError(`EAN-13: check digit is ${digits[12]}, expected ${expected}`);
-    }
-  } else {
-    throw new EncodeError(`EAN-13: needs 12 or 13 digits, got ${digits.length}`);
-  }
-
-  const parity = EAN13_PARITY[Number(digits[0])];
-  let modules = EAN_START_END;
-  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
-    const d = Number(digits[i + 1]);
-    modules += parity[i] === 'L' ? EAN_L[d] : EAN_G[d];
-  }
-  modules += EAN_MIDDLE;
-  for (let i = 7; i < 13; i++) modules += EAN_R[Number(digits[i])];
-  modules += EAN_START_END;
-
-  return toMatrix(modules);
+    requireDigits(value, 'EAN-13');
+    let digits = value;
+    if (digits.length === 12) {
+        digits += String(ean13CheckDigit(digits));
+    }
+    else if (digits.length === 13) {
+        const expected = ean13CheckDigit(digits.slice(0, 12));
+        if (Number(digits[12]) !== expected) {
+            throw new EncodeError(`EAN-13: check digit is ${digits[12]}, expected ${expected}`);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        throw new EncodeError(`EAN-13: needs 12 or 13 digits, got ${digits.length}`);
+    }
+    const parity = EAN13_PARITY[Number(digits[0])];
+    let modules = EAN_START_END;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+        const d = Number(digits[i + 1]);
+        modules += parity[i] === 'L' ? EAN_L[d] : EAN_G[d];
+    }
+    modules += EAN_MIDDLE;
+    for (let i = 7; i < 13; i++)
+        modules += EAN_R[Number(digits[i])];
+    modules += EAN_START_END;
+    return toMatrix(modules);
 }
-
 /**
  * EAN-8. Accepts 7 digits (check digit appended) or 8 (verified).
  *
@@ -172,28 +154,29 @@ export function encodeEAN13(value) {
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeEAN8(value) {
-  requireDigits(value, 'EAN-8');
-  let digits = value;
-  if (digits.length === 7) {
-    digits += String(ean13CheckDigit(digits));
-  } else if (digits.length === 8) {
-    const expected = ean13CheckDigit(digits.slice(0, 7));
-    if (Number(digits[7]) !== expected) {
-      throw new EncodeError(`EAN-8: check digit is ${digits[7]}, expected ${expected}`);
-    }
-  } else {
-    throw new EncodeError(`EAN-8: needs 7 or 8 digits, got ${digits.length}`);
-  }
-
-  let modules = EAN_START_END;
-  for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) modules += EAN_L[Number(digits[i])];
-  modules += EAN_MIDDLE;
-  for (let i = 4; i < 8; i++) modules += EAN_R[Number(digits[i])];
-  modules += EAN_START_END;
-
-  return toMatrix(modules);
+    requireDigits(value, 'EAN-8');
+    let digits = value;
+    if (digits.length === 7) {
+        digits += String(ean13CheckDigit(digits));
+    }
+    else if (digits.length === 8) {
+        const expected = ean13CheckDigit(digits.slice(0, 7));
+        if (Number(digits[7]) !== expected) {
+            throw new EncodeError(`EAN-8: check digit is ${digits[7]}, expected ${expected}`);
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        throw new EncodeError(`EAN-8: needs 7 or 8 digits, got ${digits.length}`);
+    }
+    let modules = EAN_START_END;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        modules += EAN_L[Number(digits[i])];
+    modules += EAN_MIDDLE;
+    for (let i = 4; i < 8; i++)
+        modules += EAN_R[Number(digits[i])];
+    modules += EAN_START_END;
+    return toMatrix(modules);
 }
-
 /**
  * ISBN, as its printed EAN-13 ("Bookland") symbol.
  *
@@ -211,34 +194,29 @@ export function encodeEAN8(value) {
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeISBN(value) {
-  const cleaned = String(value).replace(/[\s-]/g, '').toUpperCase();
-
-  if (/^[0-9]{9}[0-9X]$/.test(cleaned)) {
-    // ISBN-10: verify its modulo-11 check, then convert to the 978 form.
-    let sum = 0;
-    for (let i = 0; i < 9; i++) sum += Number(cleaned[i]) * (10 - i);
-    sum += cleaned[9] === 'X' ? 10 : Number(cleaned[9]);
-    if (sum % 11 !== 0) {
-      throw new EncodeError(`ISBN-10: check digit "${cleaned[9]}" fails the modulo-11 test`);
-    }
-    // The check digit does not carry over — encodeEAN13 computes the new one.
-    return encodeEAN13('978' + cleaned.slice(0, 9));
-  }
-
-  if (/^[0-9]{12,13}$/.test(cleaned)) {
-    const prefix = cleaned.slice(0, 3);
-    if (prefix !== '978' && prefix !== '979') {
-      throw new EncodeError(`ISBN-13 must begin with 978 or 979, got ${prefix}`);
-    }
-    // encodeEAN13 appends the check digit at 12, or verifies it at 13.
-    return encodeEAN13(cleaned);
-  }
-
-  throw new EncodeError(
-    `ISBN: expected 10 or 13 digits, hyphens optional — got "${value}"`
-  );
+    const cleaned = String(value).replace(/[\s-]/g, '').toUpperCase();
+    if (/^[0-9]{9}[0-9X]$/.test(cleaned)) {
+        // ISBN-10: verify its modulo-11 check, then convert to the 978 form.
+        let sum = 0;
+        for (let i = 0; i < 9; i++)
+            sum += Number(cleaned[i]) * (10 - i);
+        sum += cleaned[9] === 'X' ? 10 : Number(cleaned[9]);
+        if (sum % 11 !== 0) {
+            throw new EncodeError(`ISBN-10: check digit "${cleaned[9]}" fails the modulo-11 test`);
+        }
+        // The check digit does not carry over — encodeEAN13 computes the new one.
+        return encodeEAN13('978' + cleaned.slice(0, 9));
+    }
+    if (/^[0-9]{12,13}$/.test(cleaned)) {
+        const prefix = cleaned.slice(0, 3);
+        if (prefix !== '978' && prefix !== '979') {
+            throw new EncodeError(`ISBN-13 must begin with 978 or 979, got ${prefix}`);
+        }
+        // encodeEAN13 appends the check digit at 12, or verifies it at 13.
+        return encodeEAN13(cleaned);
+    }
+    throw new EncodeError(`ISBN: expected 10 or 13 digits, hyphens optional — got "${value}"`);
 }
-
 /**
  * UPC-A. Structurally an EAN-13 whose first digit is zero.
  *
@@ -246,13 +224,12 @@ export function encodeISBN(value) {
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeUPCA(value) {
-  requireDigits(value, 'UPC-A');
-  if (value.length !== 11 && value.length !== 12) {
-    throw new EncodeError(`UPC-A: needs 11 or 12 digits, got ${value.length}`);
-  }
-  return encodeEAN13('0' + value);
+    requireDigits(value, 'UPC-A');
+    if (value.length !== 11 && value.length !== 12) {
+        throw new EncodeError(`UPC-A: needs 11 or 12 digits, got ${value.length}`);
+    }
+    return encodeEAN13('0' + value);
 }
-
 /**
  * Expand a UPC-E body to the 11 digits preceding the check digit.
  *
@@ -261,21 +238,23 @@ export function encodeUPCA(value) {
  * @returns {string} 11 digits.
  */
 export function upceToUpcaBody(system, body) {
-  const d = body;
-  const last = Number(d[5]);
-  let middle;
-  if (last <= 2) {
-    middle = d.slice(0, 2) + String(last) + '0000' + d.slice(2, 5);
-  } else if (last === 3) {
-    middle = d.slice(0, 3) + '00000' + d.slice(3, 5);
-  } else if (last === 4) {
-    middle = d.slice(0, 4) + '00000' + d[4];
-  } else {
-    middle = d.slice(0, 5) + '0000' + String(last);
-  }
-  return String(system) + middle;
+    const d = body;
+    const last = Number(d[5]);
+    let middle;
+    if (last <= 2) {
+        middle = d.slice(0, 2) + String(last) + '0000' + d.slice(2, 5);
+    }
+    else if (last === 3) {
+        middle = d.slice(0, 3) + '00000' + d.slice(3, 5);
+    }
+    else if (last === 4) {
+        middle = d.slice(0, 4) + '00000' + d[4];
+    }
+    else {
+        middle = d.slice(0, 5) + '0000' + String(last);
+    }
+    return String(system) + middle;
 }
-
 /**
  * UPC-E, the zero-suppressed form of UPC-A.
  *
@@ -283,46 +262,43 @@ export function upceToUpcaBody(system, body) {
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeUPCE(value) {
-  requireDigits(value, 'UPC-E');
-
-  let system, body, check;
-  if (value.length === 6) {
-    system = 0;
-    body = value;
-    check = ean13CheckDigit(upceToUpcaBody(0, body));
-  } else if (value.length === 7) {
-    system = Number(value[0]);
-    body = value.slice(1);
-    check = ean13CheckDigit(upceToUpcaBody(system, body));
-  } else if (value.length === 8) {
-    system = Number(value[0]);
-    body = value.slice(1, 7);
-    check = Number(value[7]);
-  } else {
-    throw new EncodeError(`UPC-E: needs 6, 7 or 8 digits, got ${value.length}`);
-  }
-
-  if (system !== 0 && system !== 1) {
-    throw new EncodeError(`UPC-E: number system must be 0 or 1, got ${system}`);
-  }
-
-  const parity = UPCE_PARITY[check];
-  let modules = EAN_START_END;
-  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
-    const d = Number(body[i]);
-    // Number system 1 inverts the entire parity pattern relative to system 0.
-    const even = system === 0 ? parity[i] === 'E' : parity[i] === 'O';
-    modules += even ? EAN_G[d] : EAN_L[d];
-  }
-  modules += UPCE_END;
-
-  return toMatrix(modules);
+    requireDigits(value, 'UPC-E');
+    let system, body, check;
+    if (value.length === 6) {
+        system = 0;
+        body = value;
+        check = ean13CheckDigit(upceToUpcaBody(0, body));
+    }
+    else if (value.length === 7) {
+        system = Number(value[0]);
+        body = value.slice(1);
+        check = ean13CheckDigit(upceToUpcaBody(system, body));
+    }
+    else if (value.length === 8) {
+        system = Number(value[0]);
+        body = value.slice(1, 7);
+        check = Number(value[7]);
+    }
+    else {
+        throw new EncodeError(`UPC-E: needs 6, 7 or 8 digits, got ${value.length}`);
+    }
+    if (system !== 0 && system !== 1) {
+        throw new EncodeError(`UPC-E: number system must be 0 or 1, got ${system}`);
+    }
+    const parity = UPCE_PARITY[check];
+    let modules = EAN_START_END;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+        const d = Number(body[i]);
+        // Number system 1 inverts the entire parity pattern relative to system 0.
+        const even = system === 0 ? parity[i] === 'E' : parity[i] === 'O';
+        modules += even ? EAN_G[d] : EAN_L[d];
+    }
+    modules += UPCE_END;
+    return toMatrix(modules);
 }
-
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
  * Code 39
  * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-
 /**
  * Code 39.
  *
@@ -334,49 +310,43 @@ export function encodeUPCE(value) {
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeCode39(value, options = {}) {
-  const { checkDigit = false, fullAscii = false, wideRatio = 3 } = options;
-  if (wideRatio < 2 || wideRatio > 3) {
-    throw new EncodeError(`Code 39: wide ratio must be 2 or 3, got ${wideRatio}`);
-  }
-
-  let text = value;
-  if (fullAscii) {
-    text = '';
-    for (const ch of value) {
-      const code = ch.charCodeAt(0);
-      if (code > 127) throw new EncodeError(`Code 39: '${ch}' is outside ASCII`);
-      text += CODE39_EXTENDED[code];
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (const ch of text) {
-    if (ch === '*') {
-      throw new EncodeError("Code 39: '*' is reserved as the start/stop character");
-    }
-    if (!CODE39[ch]) {
-      throw new EncodeError(
-        `Code 39: character '${ch}' is not encodable` +
-        (fullAscii ? '' : ' — try the fullAscii option')
-      );
-    }
-  }
-
-  let payload = text;
-  if (checkDigit) {
-    let sum = 0;
-    for (const ch of text) sum += CODE39_CHECK_SET.indexOf(ch);
-    payload += CODE39_CHECK_SET[sum % 43];
-  }
-
-  // Characters are separated by a narrow inter-character gap.
-  const parts = ['*', ...payload, '*'].map((ch) => expandNarrowWide(CODE39[ch], wideRatio));
-  return toMatrix(parts.join('0'));
+    const { checkDigit = false, fullAscii = false, wideRatio = 3 } = options;
+    if (wideRatio < 2 || wideRatio > 3) {
+        throw new EncodeError(`Code 39: wide ratio must be 2 or 3, got ${wideRatio}`);
+    }
+    let text = value;
+    if (fullAscii) {
+        text = '';
+        for (const ch of value) {
+            const code = ch.charCodeAt(0);
+            if (code > 127)
+                throw new EncodeError(`Code 39: '${ch}' is outside ASCII`);
+            text += CODE39_EXTENDED[code];
+        }
+    }
+    for (const ch of text) {
+        if (ch === '*') {
+            throw new EncodeError("Code 39: '*' is reserved as the start/stop character");
+        }
+        if (!CODE39[ch]) {
+            throw new EncodeError(`Code 39: character '${ch}' is not encodable` +
+                (fullAscii ? '' : ' — try the fullAscii option'));
+        }
+    }
+    let payload = text;
+    if (checkDigit) {
+        let sum = 0;
+        for (const ch of text)
+            sum += CODE39_CHECK_SET.indexOf(ch);
+        payload += CODE39_CHECK_SET[sum % 43];
+    }
+    // Characters are separated by a narrow inter-character gap.
+    const parts = ['*', ...payload, '*'].map((ch) => expandNarrowWide(CODE39[ch], wideRatio));
+    return toMatrix(parts.join('0'));
 }
-
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
  * Code 93
  * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-
 /**
  * Code 93, always with its two mandatory check characters.
  *
@@ -384,42 +354,37 @@ export function encodeCode39(value, options = {}) {
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeCode93(value) {
-  const values = [];
-  for (const ch of value) {
-    const idx = CODE93_VALUES.indexOf(ch);
-    if (idx < 0) throw new EncodeError(`Code 93: character '${ch}' is not encodable`);
-    values.push(idx);
-  }
-
-  // Check character C weights the payload 1..20 from the right; K then repeats
-  // the exercise over the payload plus C, weighted 1..15.
-  const weighted = (data, maxWeight) => {
-    let sum = 0;
-    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-      const weight = ((data.length - 1 - i) % maxWeight) + 1;
-      sum += weight * data[i];
-    }
-    return sum % 47;
-  };
-
-  values.push(weighted(values, 20));
-  values.push(weighted(values, 15));
-
-  let modules = expandWidths(CODE93_START_STOP);
-  for (const v of values) modules += expandWidths(CODE93[CODE93_VALUES[v]]);
-  modules += expandWidths(CODE93_START_STOP);
-  modules += '1'; // termination bar
-
-  return toMatrix(modules);
+    const values = [];
+    for (const ch of value) {
+        const idx = CODE93_VALUES.indexOf(ch);
+        if (idx < 0)
+            throw new EncodeError(`Code 93: character '${ch}' is not encodable`);
+        values.push(idx);
+    }
+    // Check character C weights the payload 1..20 from the right; K then repeats
+    // the exercise over the payload plus C, weighted 1..15.
+    const weighted = (data, maxWeight) => {
+        let sum = 0;
+        for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+            const weight = ((data.length - 1 - i) % maxWeight) + 1;
+            sum += weight * data[i];
+        }
+        return sum % 47;
+    };
+    values.push(weighted(values, 20));
+    values.push(weighted(values, 15));
+    let modules = expandWidths(CODE93_START_STOP);
+    for (const v of values)
+        modules += expandWidths(CODE93[CODE93_VALUES[v]]);
+    modules += expandWidths(CODE93_START_STOP);
+    modules += '1'; // termination bar
+    return toMatrix(modules);
 }
-
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
  * Code 128
  * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-
 /** Set B maps printable ASCII starting at space to symbol value 0. */
 const CODE128_B_OFFSET = 32;
-
 /**
  * Code 128, with automatic code-set selection.
  *
@@ -434,97 +399,91 @@ const CODE128_B_OFFSET = 32;
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeCode128(value, options = {}) {
-  const { gs1 = false } = options;
-  for (const ch of value) {
-    if (ch.charCodeAt(0) > 127) {
-      throw new EncodeError(`Code 128: '${ch}' is outside ASCII`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** Length of the digit run starting at i. */
-  const digitRun = (i) => {
-    let n = 0;
-    while (i + n < value.length && value[i + n] >= '0' && value[i + n] <= '9') n++;
-    return n;
-  };
-
-  const codes = [];
-  let mode;
-  let i = 0;
-
-  const startRun = digitRun(0);
-  if (startRun >= 4 && startRun % 2 === 0) {
-    codes.push(CODE128_START_C);
-    mode = 'C';
-  } else {
-    codes.push(CODE128_START_B);
-    mode = 'B';
-  }
-  if (gs1) codes.push(CODE128_FNC1);
-
-  while (i < value.length) {
-    if (gs1 && value[i] === '\x1d') {
-      codes.push(CODE128_FNC1);
-      i++;
-      continue;
-    }
-    const run = digitRun(i);
-    const atEnd = i + run === value.length;
-    const worthC = run >= 6 || (i === 0 && run >= 4) || (atEnd && run >= 4);
-
-    if (mode !== 'C' && worthC && run >= 2) {
-      codes.push(CODE128_CODE_C);
-      mode = 'C';
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (mode === 'C') {
-      if (run >= 2) {
-        codes.push(Number(value.substr(i, 2)));
-        i += 2;
-        continue;
-      }
-      codes.push(CODE128_CODE_B);
-      mode = 'B';
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    const code = value.charCodeAt(i);
-    if (code < 32) {
-      // Control characters live in set A only.
-      if (mode !== 'A') {
-        codes.push(CODE128_CODE_A);
-        mode = 'A';
-        continue;
-      }
-      codes.push(code + 64);
-    } else {
-      if (mode === 'A' && code >= 96) {
-        codes.push(CODE128_CODE_B);
+    const { gs1 = false } = options;
+    for (const ch of value) {
+        if (ch.charCodeAt(0) > 127) {
+            throw new EncodeError(`Code 128: '${ch}' is outside ASCII`);
+        }
+    }
+    /** Length of the digit run starting at i. */
+    const digitRun = (i) => {
+        let n = 0;
+        while (i + n < value.length && value[i + n] >= '0' && value[i + n] <= '9')
+            n++;
+        return n;
+    };
+    const codes = [];
+    let mode;
+    let i = 0;
+    const startRun = digitRun(0);
+    if (startRun >= 4 && startRun % 2 === 0) {
+        codes.push(CODE128_START_C);
+        mode = 'C';
+    }
+    else {
+        codes.push(CODE128_START_B);
         mode = 'B';
-        continue;
-      }
-      codes.push(code - CODE128_B_OFFSET);
-    }
-    i++;
-  }
-
-  // Checksum: the start value plus each symbol weighted by its position.
-  let sum = codes[0];
-  for (let k = 1; k < codes.length; k++) sum += codes[k] * k;
-  codes.push(sum % 103);
-  codes.push(CODE128_STOP);
-
-  let modules = '';
-  for (const c of codes) modules += expandWidths(CODE128[c]);
-
-  return toMatrix(modules);
+    }
+    if (gs1)
+        codes.push(CODE128_FNC1);
+    while (i < value.length) {
+        if (gs1 && value[i] === '\x1d') {
+            codes.push(CODE128_FNC1);
+            i++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        const run = digitRun(i);
+        const atEnd = i + run === value.length;
+        const worthC = run >= 6 || (i === 0 && run >= 4) || (atEnd && run >= 4);
+        if (mode !== 'C' && worthC && run >= 2) {
+            codes.push(CODE128_CODE_C);
+            mode = 'C';
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (mode === 'C') {
+            if (run >= 2) {
+                codes.push(Number(value.substr(i, 2)));
+                i += 2;
+                continue;
+            }
+            codes.push(CODE128_CODE_B);
+            mode = 'B';
+            continue;
+        }
+        const code = value.charCodeAt(i);
+        if (code < 32) {
+            // Control characters live in set A only.
+            if (mode !== 'A') {
+                codes.push(CODE128_CODE_A);
+                mode = 'A';
+                continue;
+            }
+            codes.push(code + 64);
+        }
+        else {
+            if (mode === 'A' && code >= 96) {
+                codes.push(CODE128_CODE_B);
+                mode = 'B';
+                continue;
+            }
+            codes.push(code - CODE128_B_OFFSET);
+        }
+        i++;
+    }
+    // Checksum: the start value plus each symbol weighted by its position.
+    let sum = codes[0];
+    for (let k = 1; k < codes.length; k++)
+        sum += codes[k] * k;
+    codes.push(sum % 103);
+    codes.push(CODE128_STOP);
+    let modules = '';
+    for (const c of codes)
+        modules += expandWidths(CODE128[c]);
+    return toMatrix(modules);
 }
-
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
  * Interleaved 2 of 5
  * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-
 /**
  * Interleaved 2 of 5.
  *
@@ -539,30 +498,27 @@ export function encodeCode128(value, options = {}) {
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeITF(value, options = {}) {
-  const { checkDigit = false, wideRatio = 3 } = options;
-  requireDigits(value, 'ITF');
-
-  let digits = value;
-  if (checkDigit) digits += String(ean13CheckDigit(digits));
-  // A leading zero pads to an even length without changing the value.
-  if (digits.length % 2 !== 0) digits = '0' + digits;
-
-  let modules = '1010'; // start: four narrow elements
-
-  for (let i = 0; i < digits.length; i += 2) {
-    const bars = ITF[Number(digits[i])];
-    const spaces = ITF[Number(digits[i + 1])];
-    for (let k = 0; k < 5; k++) {
-      modules += '1'.repeat(bars[k] === 'w' ? wideRatio : 1);
-      modules += '0'.repeat(spaces[k] === 'w' ? wideRatio : 1);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Stop: wide bar, narrow space, narrow bar.
-  modules += '1'.repeat(wideRatio) + '0' + '1';
-  return toMatrix(modules);
+    const { checkDigit = false, wideRatio = 3 } = options;
+    requireDigits(value, 'ITF');
+    let digits = value;
+    if (checkDigit)
+        digits += String(ean13CheckDigit(digits));
+    // A leading zero pads to an even length without changing the value.
+    if (digits.length % 2 !== 0)
+        digits = '0' + digits;
+    let modules = '1010'; // start: four narrow elements
+    for (let i = 0; i < digits.length; i += 2) {
+        const bars = ITF[Number(digits[i])];
+        const spaces = ITF[Number(digits[i + 1])];
+        for (let k = 0; k < 5; k++) {
+            modules += '1'.repeat(bars[k] === 'w' ? wideRatio : 1);
+            modules += '0'.repeat(spaces[k] === 'w' ? wideRatio : 1);
+        }
+    }
+    // Stop: wide bar, narrow space, narrow bar.
+    modules += '1'.repeat(wideRatio) + '0' + '1';
+    return toMatrix(modules);
 }
-
 /**
  * ITF-14, the shipping-container form: exactly 14 digits.
  *
@@ -570,20 +526,19 @@ export function encodeITF(value, options = {}) {
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeITF14(value) {
-  requireDigits(value, 'ITF-14');
-  let digits = value;
-  if (digits.length === 13) {
-    digits += String(ean13CheckDigit(digits));
-  } else if (digits.length !== 14) {
-    throw new EncodeError(`ITF-14: needs 13 or 14 digits, got ${digits.length}`);
-  }
-  return encodeITF(digits);
+    requireDigits(value, 'ITF-14');
+    let digits = value;
+    if (digits.length === 13) {
+        digits += String(ean13CheckDigit(digits));
+    }
+    else if (digits.length !== 14) {
+        throw new EncodeError(`ITF-14: needs 13 or 14 digits, got ${digits.length}`);
+    }
+    return encodeITF(digits);
 }
-
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
  * Codabar
  * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-
 /**
  * Codabar.
  *
@@ -595,42 +550,38 @@ export function encodeITF14(value) {
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeCodabar(value, options = {}) {
-  const { wideRatio = 3 } = options;
-  let text = value.toUpperCase();
-  let start = (options.start || '').toUpperCase();
-  let stop = (options.stop || '').toUpperCase();
-
-  // Accept the common convention of embedding the guards in the payload.
-  if (!start && text.length >= 2 &&
-      CODABAR_START_STOP.includes(text[0]) &&
-      CODABAR_START_STOP.includes(text[text.length - 1])) {
-    start = text[0];
-    stop = text[text.length - 1];
-    text = text.slice(1, -1);
-  }
-  if (!start) start = 'A';
-  if (!stop) stop = 'A';
-
-  if (!CODABAR_START_STOP.includes(start) || !CODABAR_START_STOP.includes(stop)) {
-    throw new EncodeError('Codabar: start and stop characters must be A, B, C or D');
-  }
-  for (const ch of text) {
-    if (!CODABAR[ch] || CODABAR_START_STOP.includes(ch)) {
-      throw new EncodeError(`Codabar: character '${ch}' is not encodable in the payload`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  const parts = [start, ...text, stop].map((ch) => expandNarrowWide(CODABAR[ch], wideRatio));
-  return toMatrix(parts.join('0'));
+    const { wideRatio = 3 } = options;
+    let text = value.toUpperCase();
+    let start = (options.start || '').toUpperCase();
+    let stop = (options.stop || '').toUpperCase();
+    // Accept the common convention of embedding the guards in the payload.
+    if (!start && text.length >= 2 &&
+        CODABAR_START_STOP.includes(text[0]) &&
+        CODABAR_START_STOP.includes(text[text.length - 1])) {
+        start = text[0];
+        stop = text[text.length - 1];
+        text = text.slice(1, -1);
+    }
+    if (!start)
+        start = 'A';
+    if (!stop)
+        stop = 'A';
+    if (!CODABAR_START_STOP.includes(start) || !CODABAR_START_STOP.includes(stop)) {
+        throw new EncodeError('Codabar: start and stop characters must be A, B, C or D');
+    }
+    for (const ch of text) {
+        if (!CODABAR[ch] || CODABAR_START_STOP.includes(ch)) {
+            throw new EncodeError(`Codabar: character '${ch}' is not encodable in the payload`);
+        }
+    }
+    const parts = [start, ...text, stop].map((ch) => expandNarrowWide(CODABAR[ch], wideRatio));
+    return toMatrix(parts.join('0'));
 }
-
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
  * Code 11
  * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-
 /** Code 11 character values, in order. */
 const CODE11_CHARSET = '0123456789-';
-
 /**
  * Code 11, digits and hyphen.
  *
@@ -641,41 +592,37 @@ const CODE11_CHARSET = '0123456789-';
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeCode11(value, options = {}) {
-  const { checkDigit = true, wideRatio = 3 } = options;
-
-  for (const ch of value) {
-    if (!CODE11_CHARSET.includes(ch)) {
-      throw new EncodeError(`Code 11: character '${ch}' is not encodable`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  let payload = value;
-  if (checkDigit) {
-    const weighted = (text, maxWeight) => {
-      let sum = 0;
-      for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
-        const weight = ((text.length - 1 - i) % maxWeight) + 1;
-        sum += weight * CODE11_CHARSET.indexOf(text[i]);
-      }
-      return sum;
-    };
-    payload += CODE11_CHARSET[weighted(payload, 10) % 11];
-    // The second check character is conventionally added only to longer payloads.
-    if (value.length >= 10) payload += CODE11_CHARSET[weighted(payload, 9) % 11];
-  }
-
-  const parts = [
-    expandNarrowWide(CODE11_START_STOP, wideRatio),
-    ...[...payload].map((ch) => expandNarrowWide(CODE11[ch], wideRatio)),
-    expandNarrowWide(CODE11_START_STOP, wideRatio),
-  ];
-  return toMatrix(parts.join('0'));
+    const { checkDigit = true, wideRatio = 3 } = options;
+    for (const ch of value) {
+        if (!CODE11_CHARSET.includes(ch)) {
+            throw new EncodeError(`Code 11: character '${ch}' is not encodable`);
+        }
+    }
+    let payload = value;
+    if (checkDigit) {
+        const weighted = (text, maxWeight) => {
+            let sum = 0;
+            for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
+                const weight = ((text.length - 1 - i) % maxWeight) + 1;
+                sum += weight * CODE11_CHARSET.indexOf(text[i]);
+            }
+            return sum;
+        };
+        payload += CODE11_CHARSET[weighted(payload, 10) % 11];
+        // The second check character is conventionally added only to longer payloads.
+        if (value.length >= 10)
+            payload += CODE11_CHARSET[weighted(payload, 9) % 11];
+    }
+    const parts = [
+        expandNarrowWide(CODE11_START_STOP, wideRatio),
+        ...[...payload].map((ch) => expandNarrowWide(CODE11[ch], wideRatio)),
+        expandNarrowWide(CODE11_START_STOP, wideRatio),
+    ];
+    return toMatrix(parts.join('0'));
 }
-
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
  * MSI / Plessey
  * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-
 /**
  * MSI Plessey.
  *
@@ -685,35 +632,34 @@ export function encodeCode11(value, options = {}) {
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodeMSI(value, options = {}) {
-  const { checkDigit = false } = options;
-  requireDigits(value, 'MSI');
-
-  let digits = value;
-  if (checkDigit) {
-    // Luhn: the odd-positioned digits, read as one number, are doubled.
-    let odd = '';
-    for (let i = digits.length - 1; i >= 0; i -= 2) odd = digits[i] + odd;
-    const doubled = String(Number(odd) * 2);
-    let sum = 0;
-    for (const ch of doubled) sum += Number(ch);
-    for (let i = digits.length - 2; i >= 0; i -= 2) sum += Number(digits[i]);
-    digits += String((10 - (sum % 10)) % 10);
-  }
-
-  let modules = MSI_START;
-  for (const ch of digits) {
-    const bits = Number(ch).toString(2).padStart(4, '0');
-    for (const b of bits) modules += MSI_BIT[b];
-  }
-  modules += MSI_STOP;
-
-  return toMatrix(modules);
+    const { checkDigit = false } = options;
+    requireDigits(value, 'MSI');
+    let digits = value;
+    if (checkDigit) {
+        // Luhn: the odd-positioned digits, read as one number, are doubled.
+        let odd = '';
+        for (let i = digits.length - 1; i >= 0; i -= 2)
+            odd = digits[i] + odd;
+        const doubled = String(Number(odd) * 2);
+        let sum = 0;
+        for (const ch of doubled)
+            sum += Number(ch);
+        for (let i = digits.length - 2; i >= 0; i -= 2)
+            sum += Number(digits[i]);
+        digits += String((10 - (sum % 10)) % 10);
+    }
+    let modules = MSI_START;
+    for (const ch of digits) {
+        const bits = Number(ch).toString(2).padStart(4, '0');
+        for (const b of bits)
+            modules += MSI_BIT[b];
+    }
+    modules += MSI_STOP;
+    return toMatrix(modules);
 }
-
 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ *
  * Pharmacode
  * ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
-
 /**
  * Pharmacode, one-track.
  *
@@ -725,22 +671,21 @@ export function encodeMSI(value, options = {}) {
  * @returns {BitMatrix}
  */
 export function encodePharmacode(value) {
-  let n = typeof value === 'string' ? Number(value) : value;
-  if (!Number.isInteger(n) || n < 3 || n > 131070) {
-    throw new EncodeError(`Pharmacode: value must be an integer in 3..131070, got ${value}`);
-  }
-
-  const bars = [];
-  while (n > 0) {
-    if (n % 2 === 0) {
-      bars.push('111'); // wide
-      n = n / 2 - 1;
-    } else {
-      bars.push('1');   // narrow
-      n = (n - 1) / 2;
-    }
-  }
-  bars.reverse();
-
-  return toMatrix(bars.join('0'));
+    let n = typeof value === 'string' ? Number(value) : value;
+    if (!Number.isInteger(n) || n < 3 || n > 131070) {
+        throw new EncodeError(`Pharmacode: value must be an integer in 3..131070, got ${value}`);
+    }
+    const bars = [];
+    while (n > 0) {
+        if (n % 2 === 0) {
+            bars.push('111'); // wide
+            n = n / 2 - 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            bars.push('1'); // narrow
+            n = (n - 1) / 2;
+        }
+    }
+    bars.reverse();
+    return toMatrix(bars.join('0'));
 }