@syllst/ka 0.3.6 → 0.3.8

package/dist/lesson-08-DiHa8O85.js

@@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
-const e = `---
-type: lesson
-id: georgian-grammar-lesson-08
-title: "გაკვეთილი 8 — ზედსართავები (Adjectives and Agreement)"
-description: "Georgian adjectives precede nouns and have no grammatical gender"
-order: 8
-parentId: georgian-grammar
-difficulty: intermediate
-cefrLevel: A2
-categories:
-  - grammar
-  - adjectives
-metadata:
-  estimatedTime: 30
-  prerequisites:
-    - georgian-grammar-lesson-07
-  learningObjectives:
-    - id: obj-08-adjectives-order
-      description: "Place adjectives in the correct position before the noun"
-      skill: word-order
-    - id: obj-08-adjectives-apply
-      description: "Use common adjectives in descriptive sentences"
-      skill: pattern-application
-    - id: obj-08-adjectives-produce
-      description: "Produce noun phrases and sentences with adjectives"
-      skill: word-production
----
-
-# გაკვეთილი 8 (Lesson 8) — Adjectives
-
-## Introduction
-
-Georgian adjectives are in many ways simpler than those in European languages like French, Spanish, or German. There are two key facts to learn:
-
-1. **Adjectives come before the noun** — just like in English.
-2. **Georgian has no grammatical gender** — adjectives never change to agree with masculine or feminine nouns, because those categories do not exist in Georgian.
-
-This makes Georgian adjectives refreshingly straightforward once you know the vocabulary.
-
-## Adjective Position
-
-Adjectives in Georgian always precede the noun they modify:
-
-| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |
-|----------|-----------------|---------|
-| დიდი სახლი | didi sakhli | big house |
-| პატარა ბავშვი | patara bavshvi | small child |
-| კარგი ადამიანი | kargi adamiani | good person |
-| ცუდი ამინდი | tsudi amindi | bad weather |
-| ახალი წიგნი | akhali tsigni | new book |
-| ლამაზი ქალაქი | lamazi kalaki | beautiful city |
-
-## Core Adjectives
-
-:::vocabulary-set{id="ka-gram-08-adjectives" title="Common Georgian Adjectives"}
-
-::vocab-item{id="didi" word="დიდი" pronunciation="di-di" meaning="big, large, great"}
-
-::vocab-item{id="patara" word="პატარა" pronunciation="pa-ta-ra" meaning="small, little"}
-
-::vocab-item{id="kargi" word="კარგი" pronunciation="kar-gi" meaning="good"}
-
-::vocab-item{id="tsudi" word="ცუდი" pronunciation="tsu-di" meaning="bad"}
-
-::vocab-item{id="akhali" word="ახალი" pronunciation="a-kha-li" meaning="new"}
-
-::vocab-item{id="dzvelі" word="ძველი" pronunciation="dzve-li" meaning="old (of things)"}
-
-::vocab-item{id="lamazi" word="ლამაზი" pronunciation="la-ma-zi" meaning="beautiful, pretty"}
-
-::vocab-item{id="dzmali" word="ძლიერი" pronunciation="dzli-e-ri" meaning="strong, powerful"}
-
-:::
-
-## No Gender Agreement — A Genuine Advantage
-
-In French, you say *un grand homme* (a great man) but *une grande femme* (a great woman) — the adjective changes. In Georgian, **there is no such distinction**:
-
-- დიდი კაცი (didi katsi) — a big man
-- დიდი ქალი (didi kali) — a big woman
-- დიდი სახლი (didi sakhli) — a big house
-
-The adjective **დიდი** never changes. This holds for all Georgian adjectives.
-
-## Adjectives in Case — They Follow the Noun
-
-While the adjective itself does not change for gender, adjectives **do follow the case of the noun they modify** when the noun takes a case ending:
-
-| Noun alone | Noun + adj | Meaning |
-|------------|------------|---------|
-| სახლი (nominative) | დიდი სახლი | big house (subject of intransitive) |
-| სახლს (dative) | დიდ სახლს | big house (object in present) |
-| სახლში (in + noun) | დიდ სახლში | in the big house |
-
-When the noun loses its -ი ending (as it does before postpositions), the adjective also drops its -ი:
-- დიდი → დიდ- (before postpositions or case-marked noun)
-
-This is a learner-level observation — mastery comes with exposure.
-
-## Comparative and Superlative
-
-Georgian forms comparatives and superlatives analytically (with separate words, not suffixes):
-
-| Degree | Structure | Example | Meaning |
-|--------|-----------|---------|---------|
-| Positive | adjective alone | კარგი | good |
-| Comparative | უ- + adj + -ეს | უკეთესი | better |
-| Superlative | ყველაზე + adj | ყველაზე კარგი | the best |
-
-The **ყველაზე** (qvelaze) superlative is formed with the postposition **-ზე** (on/at) attached to **ყველა** (qvela, all) — literally "at all" or "above all."
-
-## Practice Exercises
-
-:::exercise{id="ka-gram-08-adjectives-order" type="fill-in-blank" title="Place the Adjective" skill="word-order" objectiveId="obj-08-adjectives-order"}
-
-**Question:** Arrange each pair into a correct Georgian noun phrase (adjective before noun)
-
-1. სახლი / დიდი (house / big)
-2. ბავშვი / პატარა (child / small)
-3. ქალაქი / ლამაზი (city / beautiful)
-4. წიგნი / ახალი (book / new)
-
-**Answer:**
-
-1. **დიდი სახლი** (big house)
-2. **პატარა ბავშვი** (small child)
-3. **ლამაზი ქალაქი** (beautiful city)
-4. **ახალი წიგნი** (new book)
-
-**Explanation:** In Georgian, adjectives always come before the noun — just like English. Unlike French or Spanish, there is no gender agreement to worry about. The adjective form stays the same regardless of the noun.
-
-:::
-
-:::exercise{id="ka-gram-08-adjectives-apply" type="matching" title="Match Adjective to Meaning" skill="pattern-application" objectiveId="obj-08-adjectives-apply"}
-
-**Question:** Match each Georgian adjective to its English meaning
-
-- დიდი
-- პატარა
-- კარგი
-- ცუდი
-- ახალი
-- ძველი
-
-**Answer:**
-
-- დიდი → big / great
-- პატარა → small / little
-- კარგი → good
-- ცუდი → bad
-- ახალი → new
-- ძველი → old (things)
-
-**Explanation:** These six adjectives are among the most commonly used in everyday Georgian. კარგი and ცუდი also appear in common phrases: კარგად (well/good-bye) and ცუდი ამინდი (bad weather).
-
-:::
-
-:::exercise{id="ka-gram-08-adjectives-produce" type="fill-in-blank" title="Describe in Georgian" skill="word-production" objectiveId="obj-08-adjectives-produce"}
-
-**Question:** Translate each description into Georgian
-
-1. a new book
-2. a beautiful city
-3. a big house
-4. a good person
-
-**Answer:**
-
-1. **ახალი წიგნი**
-2. **ლამაზი ქალაქი**
-3. **დიდი სახლი**
-4. **კარგი ადამიანი**
-
-**Explanation:** Place the adjective before the noun. No gender agreement required — the adjective form is identical regardless of what noun follows. This is one area where Georgian is simpler than many European languages.
-
-:::
-
-## Congratulations
-
-You have completed the Georgian Grammar syllabus. You now understand the core structural features of Georgian:
-
-1. **SOV word order** — verb goes last
-2. **Personal pronouns and to-be** — six pronouns, no gender
-3. **Nominative and ergative cases** — case follows verb type
-4. **Postpositions** — spatial markers that follow the noun
-5. **Present tense verbs** — ვ- prefix for first person, -ს for third
-6. **Aorist past tense** — ergative shift for transitive subjects
-7. **Questions and negation** — question words + intonation, არ / ვერ
-8. **Adjectives** — before the noun, no gender agreement
-
-Continue building fluency by combining these patterns in real conversation and reading practice.
-`;
-export {
-  e as default
-};
-//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-08-DiHa8O85.js.map

package/dist/lesson-08-DiHa8O85.js.map

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"lesson-08-DiHa8O85.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/grammar/lessons/lesson-08.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-grammar-lesson-08\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 8 — ზედსართავები (Adjectives and Agreement)\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Georgian adjectives precede nouns and have no grammatical gender\\\"\\norder: 8\\nparentId: georgian-grammar\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A2\\ncategories:\\n  - grammar\\n  - adjectives\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 30\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-grammar-lesson-07\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-08-adjectives-order\\n      description: \\\"Place adjectives in the correct position before the noun\\\"\\n      skill: word-order\\n    - id: obj-08-adjectives-apply\\n      description: \\\"Use common adjectives in descriptive sentences\\\"\\n      skill: pattern-application\\n    - id: obj-08-adjectives-produce\\n      description: \\\"Produce noun phrases and sentences with adjectives\\\"\\n      skill: word-production\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 8 (Lesson 8) — Adjectives\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nGeorgian adjectives are in many ways simpler than those in European languages like French, Spanish, or German. There are two key facts to learn:\\n\\n1. **Adjectives come before the noun** — just like in English.\\n2. **Georgian has no grammatical gender** — adjectives never change to agree with masculine or feminine nouns, because those categories do not exist in Georgian.\\n\\nThis makes Georgian adjectives refreshingly straightforward once you know the vocabulary.\\n\\n## Adjective Position\\n\\nAdjectives in Georgian always precede the noun they modify:\\n\\n| Georgian | Transliteration | Meaning |\\n|----------|-----------------|---------|\\n| დიდი სახლი | didi sakhli | big house |\\n| პატარა ბავშვი | patara bavshvi | small child |\\n| კარგი ადამიანი | kargi adamiani | good person |\\n| ცუდი ამინდი | tsudi amindi | bad weather |\\n| ახალი წიგნი | akhali tsigni | new book |\\n| ლამაზი ქალაქი | lamazi kalaki | beautiful city |\\n\\n## Core Adjectives\\n\\n:::vocabulary-set{id=\\\"ka-gram-08-adjectives\\\" title=\\\"Common Georgian Adjectives\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"didi\\\" word=\\\"დიდი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"di-di\\\" meaning=\\\"big, large, great\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"patara\\\" word=\\\"პატარა\\\" pronunciation=\\\"pa-ta-ra\\\" meaning=\\\"small, little\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"kargi\\\" word=\\\"კარგი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"kar-gi\\\" meaning=\\\"good\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"tsudi\\\" word=\\\"ცუდი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"tsu-di\\\" meaning=\\\"bad\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"akhali\\\" word=\\\"ახალი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"a-kha-li\\\" meaning=\\\"new\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dzvelі\\\" word=\\\"ძველი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"dzve-li\\\" meaning=\\\"old (of things)\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"lamazi\\\" word=\\\"ლამაზი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"la-ma-zi\\\" meaning=\\\"beautiful, pretty\\\"}\\n\\n::vocab-item{id=\\\"dzmali\\\" word=\\\"ძლიერი\\\" pronunciation=\\\"dzli-e-ri\\\" meaning=\\\"strong, powerful\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## No Gender Agreement — A Genuine Advantage\\n\\nIn French, you say *un grand homme* (a great man) but *une grande femme* (a great woman) — the adjective changes. In Georgian, **there is no such distinction**:\\n\\n- დიდი კაცი (didi katsi) — a big man\\n- დიდი ქალი (didi kali) — a big woman\\n- დიდი სახლი (didi sakhli) — a big house\\n\\nThe adjective **დიდი** never changes. This holds for all Georgian adjectives.\\n\\n## Adjectives in Case — They Follow the Noun\\n\\nWhile the adjective itself does not change for gender, adjectives **do follow the case of the noun they modify** when the noun takes a case ending:\\n\\n| Noun alone | Noun + adj | Meaning |\\n|------------|------------|---------|\\n| სახლი (nominative) | დიდი სახლი | big house (subject of intransitive) |\\n| სახლს (dative) | დიდ სახლს | big house (object in present) |\\n| სახლში (in + noun) | დიდ სახლში | in the big house |\\n\\nWhen the noun loses its -ი ending (as it does before postpositions), the adjective also drops its -ი:\\n- დიდი → დიდ- (before postpositions or case-marked noun)\\n\\nThis is a learner-level observation — mastery comes with exposure.\\n\\n## Comparative and Superlative\\n\\nGeorgian forms comparatives and superlatives analytically (with separate words, not suffixes):\\n\\n| Degree | Structure | Example | Meaning |\\n|--------|-----------|---------|---------|\\n| Positive | adjective alone | კარგი | good |\\n| Comparative | უ- + adj + -ეს | უკეთესი | better |\\n| Superlative | ყველაზე + adj | ყველაზე კარგი | the best |\\n\\nThe **ყველაზე** (qvelaze) superlative is formed with the postposition **-ზე** (on/at) attached to **ყველა** (qvela, all) — literally \\\"at all\\\" or \\\"above all.\\\"\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-08-adjectives-order\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Place the Adjective\\\" skill=\\\"word-order\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-08-adjectives-order\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Arrange each pair into a correct Georgian noun phrase (adjective before noun)\\n\\n1. სახლი / დიდი (house / big)\\n2. ბავშვი / პატარა (child / small)\\n3. ქალაქი / ლამაზი (city / beautiful)\\n4. წიგნი / ახალი (book / new)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. **დიდი სახლი** (big house)\\n2. **პატარა ბავშვი** (small child)\\n3. **ლამაზი ქალაქი** (beautiful city)\\n4. **ახალი წიგნი** (new book)\\n\\n**Explanation:** In Georgian, adjectives always come before the noun — just like English. Unlike French or Spanish, there is no gender agreement to worry about. The adjective form stays the same regardless of the noun.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-08-adjectives-apply\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Match Adjective to Meaning\\\" skill=\\\"pattern-application\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-08-adjectives-apply\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian adjective to its English meaning\\n\\n- დიდი\\n- პატარა\\n- კარგი\\n- ცუდი\\n- ახალი\\n- ძველი\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- დიდი → big / great\\n- პატარა → small / little\\n- კარგი → good\\n- ცუდი → bad\\n- ახალი → new\\n- ძველი → old (things)\\n\\n**Explanation:** These six adjectives are among the most commonly used in everyday Georgian. კარგი and ცუდი also appear in common phrases: კარგად (well/good-bye) and ცუდი ამინდი (bad weather).\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"ka-gram-08-adjectives-produce\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Describe in Georgian\\\" skill=\\\"word-production\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-08-adjectives-produce\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Translate each description into Georgian\\n\\n1. a new book\\n2. a beautiful city\\n3. a big house\\n4. a good person\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n1. **ახალი წიგნი**\\n2. **ლამაზი ქალაქი**\\n3. **დიდი სახლი**\\n4. **კარგი ადამიანი**\\n\\n**Explanation:** Place the adjective before the noun. No gender agreement required — the adjective form is identical regardless of what noun follows. This is one area where Georgian is simpler than many European languages.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Congratulations\\n\\nYou have completed the Georgian Grammar syllabus. You now understand the core structural features of Georgian:\\n\\n1. **SOV word order** — verb goes last\\n2. **Personal pronouns and to-be** — six pronouns, no gender\\n3. **Nominative and ergative cases** — case follows verb type\\n4. **Postpositions** — spatial markers that follow the noun\\n5. **Present tense verbs** — ვ- prefix for first person, -ს for third\\n6. **Aorist past tense** — ergative shift for transitive subjects\\n7. **Questions and negation** — question words + intonation, არ / ვერ\\n8. **Adjectives** — before the noun, no gender agreement\\n\\nContinue building fluency by combining these patterns in real conversation and reading practice.\\n\""],"names":["lesson08"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}

package/dist/lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js

@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-const e = `---
-type: lesson
-id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-08
-title: "გაკვეთილი 8 — რთული ფრიკატივები"
-description: "Advanced Fricatives: ხ ჯ ჟ — The velar fricative kh, voiced affricate j, and voiced fricative zh"
-order: 8
-parentId: georgian-alphabet
-difficulty: intermediate
-cefrLevel: A1
-categories:
-  - consonants
-  - fricatives
-  - affricates
-  - intermediate-characters
-metadata:
-  estimatedTime: 30
-  prerequisites:
-    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-07
-  learningObjectives:
-    - id: obj-advanced-fricative-recognition
-      description: "Recognize the advanced fricatives and affricate ხ ჯ ჟ"
-      skill: character-recognition
-      references: [khani, jani, zhani]
-    - id: obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast
-      description: "Distinguish voiced sibilants from their voiceless counterparts"
-      skill: character-sound-mapping
-      references: [jani, zhani]
-    - id: obj-advanced-word-reading
-      description: "Read words containing advanced fricatives"
-      skill: word-recognition
-      references: [khani, jani, zhani]
----
-
-# გაკვეთილი 8 (Lesson 8) — Advanced Fricatives
-
-## Introduction
-
-This lesson introduces three consonants that may be challenging for English speakers: the **velar fricative** ხ (kh), the **voiced postalveolar affricate** ჯ (j), and the **voiced postalveolar fricative** ჟ (zh). These sounds round out your knowledge of Georgian's fricative and affricate inventory.
-
-## Characters
-
-:::character-set{id="georgian-advanced-fricatives" title="Advanced Fricatives"}
-
-::character{id="khani" canonicalRef="khani" char="ხ" name="ხ ხანი (Khani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="kh" data:ipa="x"}
-
-::character{id="jani" canonicalRef="jani" char="ჯ" name="ჯ ჯანი (Jani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="j" data:ipa="d͡ʒ"}
-
-::character{id="zhani" canonicalRef="zhani" char="ჟ" name="ჟ ჟანი (Zhani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="zh" data:ipa="ʒ"}
-
-:::
-
-## Pronunciation Guide
-
-### ხ (Khani) - /x/
-
-This is a **voiceless velar fricative**, produced at the same place as "k" but with continuous airflow instead of a complete stop. It sounds like the "ch" in German "Bach" or Scottish "loch." To produce it, position your tongue as if saying "k" but let the air flow through instead of stopping it.
-
-Do not confuse ხ with the aspirated stop ქ (/kʰ/):
-- ქ has a complete closure followed by a burst of air
-- ხ has continuous friction without closure
-
-### ჯ (Jani) - /dʒ/
-
-Pronounced like English "j" in "jam" or "g" in "gem." This is the **voiced** counterpart to the aspirated affricate ჩ (/tʃʰ/). The three-way postalveolar affricate system is:
-
-| Type | Letter | Sound |
-|------|--------|-------|
-| **Voiced** | **ჯ** | /dʒ/ |
-| Aspirated | ჩ | /tʃʰ/ |
-| Ejective | ჭ | /tʃʼ/ |
-
-### ჟ (Zhani) - /ʒ/
-
-Pronounced like the "s" in English "pleasure" or "zh" in "Zhivago." This is a **voiced postalveolar fricative**, the voiced counterpart to შ (/ʃ/). While შ is voiceless (like "sh"), ჟ adds vocal cord vibration (like "zh").
-
-| Voicing | Fricative | Affricate |
-|---------|-----------|-----------|
-| Voiceless | შ /ʃ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ |
-| **Voiced** | **ჟ /ʒ/** | **ჯ /dʒ/** |
-
-## The Voiced-Voiceless Pairs
-
-This lesson completes important voiced-voiceless pairs in the sibilant system:
-
-- **შ** (sh, voiceless) pairs with **ჟ** (zh, voiced)
-- **ჩ** (ch, voiceless aspirated) contrasts with **ჯ** (j, voiced)
-
-To distinguish them, place your hand on your throat:
-- For voiceless შ and ჩ, you feel no vibration
-- For voiced ჟ and ჯ, you feel clear vibration
-
-## Practice Words
-
-| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |
-|------|----------------|---------|-------|
-| ხილი | khili | fruit | Very common word |
-| ჯამი | jami | bowl | Everyday vocabulary |
-| ჟამი | zhami | time | Literary/formal usage |
-
-## The Velar Fricative Family
-
-Georgian has several consonants produced at or near the velum (back of the mouth):
-
-| Sound | Type | Letter |
-|-------|------|--------|
-| /k/ | Ejective stop | კ |
-| /kʰ/ | Aspirated stop | ქ |
-| /g/ | Voiced stop | გ |
-| **/x/** | **Voiceless fricative** | **ხ** |
-| /ɣ/ | Voiced fricative | ღ (Lesson 9) |
-
-The fricatives ხ and ღ form a voiceless-voiced pair, just as შ-ჟ do for the postalveolar position.
-
-## Recognizing the Shapes
-
-- **ხ** has a distinctive crossed or angular form
-- **ჯ** features a tall vertical stroke with a curve
-- **ჟ** has a complex shape with multiple components, reflecting its less common usage
-
-Pay special attention to distinguishing ჯ from ჯ's visual neighbors in the alphabet.
-
-## Key Points
-
-1. **ხ is a velar fricative**: Like German "ch" in "Bach," not an English sound
-2. **ჯ is voiced "j"**: The voiced member of the postalveolar affricate triple
-3. **ჟ is voiced "zh"**: Like English "pleasure," the voiced counterpart to შ
-4. **Voiced-voiceless pairs**: შ/ჟ and ჩ/ჯ mirror each other
-5. **ხილი (fruit)**: A great practice word for the velar fricative
-
-## Practice Exercises
-
-:::exercise{id="advanced-fricative-recognition-08" type="matching" title="Advanced Fricative Recognition" skill="character-recognition" tests="khani,jani,zhani" objectiveId="obj-advanced-fricative-recognition"}
-
-**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its sound description
-
-- ხ
-- ჯ
-- ჟ
-
-**Answer:**
-
-- kh /x/ (Khani) - voiceless velar fricative, like German "Bach"
-- j /dʒ/ (Jani) - voiced postalveolar affricate, like English "jam"
-- zh /ʒ/ (Zhani) - voiced postalveolar fricative, like English "pleasure"
-
-**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different manners of articulation. ხ is produced at the velum (back of the mouth), while ჯ and ჟ are both postalveolar (behind the alveolar ridge). ჯ is an affricate (stop + fricative) and ჟ is a pure fricative.
-
-:::
-
-:::exercise{id="voiced-sibilant-contrast-08" type="multiple-choice" title="Voiced Sibilant Pairs" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="jani,zhani" objectiveId="obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast"}
-
-**Question:** Which pair correctly shows a voiceless consonant and its voiced counterpart?
-
-**Options:**
-- შ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)
-- ჩ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)
-- შ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)
-- ხ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)
-
-**Answer:** 1
-
-**Explanation:** შ (/ʃ/, voiceless) and ჟ (/ʒ/, voiced) are a matched fricative pair at the postalveolar position. ჩ (/tʃʰ/) and ჯ (/dʒ/) also form a pair, but they are affricates, not fricatives. The distinction matters: fricatives have continuous airflow, while affricates begin with a stop.
-
-:::
-
-:::exercise{id="advanced-word-reading-08" type="fill-in-blank" title="Word Reading with Advanced Fricatives" skill="word-recognition" tests="khani,jani,zhani" objectiveId="obj-advanced-word-reading"}
-
-**Question:** Read each word, identify the target consonant, and describe how it is produced
-
-- ხილი (khili - fruit)
-- ჯამი (jami - bowl)
-- ჟამი (zhami - time)
-
-**Answer:**
-
-- ხ (kh, /x/) - voiceless velar fricative: tongue near velum, continuous airflow
-- ჯ (j, /dʒ/) - voiced postalveolar affricate: stop release into fricative with voicing
-- ჟ (zh, /ʒ/) - voiced postalveolar fricative: continuous airflow with voicing
-
-**Explanation:** Each word begins with a different type of consonant. ხილი (fruit) is one of the most common Georgian words and provides excellent practice for the velar fricative. ჯამი (bowl) and ჟამი (time) help distinguish the voiced affricate from the voiced fricative.
-
-:::
-
-## What's Next
-
-In Lesson 9, you'll learn the less common consonants ღ, ძ, and ჰ, including the distinctive voiced velar fricative and the rare Georgian h.
-`;
-export {
-  e as default
-};
-//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js.map

package/dist/lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js.map

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"lesson-08-dU_y8sh9.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-08.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-08\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 8 — რთული ფრიკატივები\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Advanced Fricatives: ხ ჯ ჟ — The velar fricative kh, voiced affricate j, and voiced fricative zh\\\"\\norder: 8\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - fricatives\\n  - affricates\\n  - intermediate-characters\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 30\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-07\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-advanced-fricative-recognition\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the advanced fricatives and affricate ხ ჯ ჟ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [khani, jani, zhani]\\n    - id: obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast\\n      description: \\\"Distinguish voiced sibilants from their voiceless counterparts\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [jani, zhani]\\n    - id: obj-advanced-word-reading\\n      description: \\\"Read words containing advanced fricatives\\\"\\n      skill: word-recognition\\n      references: [khani, jani, zhani]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 8 (Lesson 8) — Advanced Fricatives\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nThis lesson introduces three consonants that may be challenging for English speakers: the **velar fricative** ხ (kh), the **voiced postalveolar affricate** ჯ (j), and the **voiced postalveolar fricative** ჟ (zh). These sounds round out your knowledge of Georgian's fricative and affricate inventory.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-advanced-fricatives\\\" title=\\\"Advanced Fricatives\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"khani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"khani\\\" char=\\\"ხ\\\" name=\\\"ხ ხანი (Khani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"kh\\\" data:ipa=\\\"x\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"jani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"jani\\\" char=\\\"ჯ\\\" name=\\\"ჯ ჯანი (Jani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"affricate\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"j\\\" data:ipa=\\\"d͡ʒ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"zhani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"zhani\\\" char=\\\"ჟ\\\" name=\\\"ჟ ჟანი (Zhani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"zh\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ʒ\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Pronunciation Guide\\n\\n### ხ (Khani) - /x/\\n\\nThis is a **voiceless velar fricative**, produced at the same place as \\\"k\\\" but with continuous airflow instead of a complete stop. It sounds like the \\\"ch\\\" in German \\\"Bach\\\" or Scottish \\\"loch.\\\" To produce it, position your tongue as if saying \\\"k\\\" but let the air flow through instead of stopping it.\\n\\nDo not confuse ხ with the aspirated stop ქ (/kʰ/):\\n- ქ has a complete closure followed by a burst of air\\n- ხ has continuous friction without closure\\n\\n### ჯ (Jani) - /dʒ/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"j\\\" in \\\"jam\\\" or \\\"g\\\" in \\\"gem.\\\" This is the **voiced** counterpart to the aspirated affricate ჩ (/tʃʰ/). The three-way postalveolar affricate system is:\\n\\n| Type | Letter | Sound |\\n|------|--------|-------|\\n| **Voiced** | **ჯ** | /dʒ/ |\\n| Aspirated | ჩ | /tʃʰ/ |\\n| Ejective | ჭ | /tʃʼ/ |\\n\\n### ჟ (Zhani) - /ʒ/\\n\\nPronounced like the \\\"s\\\" in English \\\"pleasure\\\" or \\\"zh\\\" in \\\"Zhivago.\\\" This is a **voiced postalveolar fricative**, the voiced counterpart to შ (/ʃ/). While შ is voiceless (like \\\"sh\\\"), ჟ adds vocal cord vibration (like \\\"zh\\\").\\n\\n| Voicing | Fricative | Affricate |\\n|---------|-----------|-----------|\\n| Voiceless | შ /ʃ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ |\\n| **Voiced** | **ჟ /ʒ/** | **ჯ /dʒ/** |\\n\\n## The Voiced-Voiceless Pairs\\n\\nThis lesson completes important voiced-voiceless pairs in the sibilant system:\\n\\n- **შ** (sh, voiceless) pairs with **ჟ** (zh, voiced)\\n- **ჩ** (ch, voiceless aspirated) contrasts with **ჯ** (j, voiced)\\n\\nTo distinguish them, place your hand on your throat:\\n- For voiceless შ and ჩ, you feel no vibration\\n- For voiced ჟ and ჯ, you feel clear vibration\\n\\n## Practice Words\\n\\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\\n| ხილი | khili | fruit | Very common word |\\n| ჯამი | jami | bowl | Everyday vocabulary |\\n| ჟამი | zhami | time | Literary/formal usage |\\n\\n## The Velar Fricative Family\\n\\nGeorgian has several consonants produced at or near the velum (back of the mouth):\\n\\n| Sound | Type | Letter |\\n|-------|------|--------|\\n| /k/ | Ejective stop | კ |\\n| /kʰ/ | Aspirated stop | ქ |\\n| /g/ | Voiced stop | გ |\\n| **/x/** | **Voiceless fricative** | **ხ** |\\n| /ɣ/ | Voiced fricative | ღ (Lesson 9) |\\n\\nThe fricatives ხ and ღ form a voiceless-voiced pair, just as შ-ჟ do for the postalveolar position.\\n\\n## Recognizing the Shapes\\n\\n- **ხ** has a distinctive crossed or angular form\\n- **ჯ** features a tall vertical stroke with a curve\\n- **ჟ** has a complex shape with multiple components, reflecting its less common usage\\n\\nPay special attention to distinguishing ჯ from ჯ's visual neighbors in the alphabet.\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **ხ is a velar fricative**: Like German \\\"ch\\\" in \\\"Bach,\\\" not an English sound\\n2. **ჯ is voiced \\\"j\\\"**: The voiced member of the postalveolar affricate triple\\n3. **ჟ is voiced \\\"zh\\\"**: Like English \\\"pleasure,\\\" the voiced counterpart to შ\\n4. **Voiced-voiceless pairs**: შ/ჟ and ჩ/ჯ mirror each other\\n5. **ხილი (fruit)**: A great practice word for the velar fricative\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"advanced-fricative-recognition-08\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Advanced Fricative Recognition\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"khani,jani,zhani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-advanced-fricative-recognition\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its sound description\\n\\n- ხ\\n- ჯ\\n- ჟ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- kh /x/ (Khani) - voiceless velar fricative, like German \\\"Bach\\\"\\n- j /dʒ/ (Jani) - voiced postalveolar affricate, like English \\\"jam\\\"\\n- zh /ʒ/ (Zhani) - voiced postalveolar fricative, like English \\\"pleasure\\\"\\n\\n**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different manners of articulation. ხ is produced at the velum (back of the mouth), while ჯ and ჟ are both postalveolar (behind the alveolar ridge). ჯ is an affricate (stop + fricative) and ჟ is a pure fricative.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"voiced-sibilant-contrast-08\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Voiced Sibilant Pairs\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"jani,zhani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-voiced-sibilant-contrast\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Which pair correctly shows a voiceless consonant and its voiced counterpart?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- შ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)\\n- ჩ (voiceless) and ჟ (voiced)\\n- შ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)\\n- ხ (voiceless) and ჯ (voiced)\\n\\n**Answer:** 1\\n\\n**Explanation:** შ (/ʃ/, voiceless) and ჟ (/ʒ/, voiced) are a matched fricative pair at the postalveolar position. ჩ (/tʃʰ/) and ჯ (/dʒ/) also form a pair, but they are affricates, not fricatives. The distinction matters: fricatives have continuous airflow, while affricates begin with a stop.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"advanced-word-reading-08\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Word Reading with Advanced Fricatives\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"khani,jani,zhani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-advanced-word-reading\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read each word, identify the target consonant, and describe how it is produced\\n\\n- ხილი (khili - fruit)\\n- ჯამი (jami - bowl)\\n- ჟამი (zhami - time)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ხ (kh, /x/) - voiceless velar fricative: tongue near velum, continuous airflow\\n- ჯ (j, /dʒ/) - voiced postalveolar affricate: stop release into fricative with voicing\\n- ჟ (zh, /ʒ/) - voiced postalveolar fricative: continuous airflow with voicing\\n\\n**Explanation:** Each word begins with a different type of consonant. ხილი (fruit) is one of the most common Georgian words and provides excellent practice for the velar fricative. ჯამი (bowl) and ჟამი (time) help distinguish the voiced affricate from the voiced fricative.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 9, you'll learn the less common consonants ღ, ძ, and ჰ, including the distinctive voiced velar fricative and the rare Georgian h.\\n\""],"names":["lesson08"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}

package/dist/lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js

@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-const n = `---
-type: lesson
-id: georgian-alphabet-lesson-09
-title: "გაკვეთილი 9 — იშვიათი თანხმოვნები"
-description: "Less Common Consonants: ღ ძ ჰ — The voiced velar fricative gh, voiced affricate dz, and the rare h"
-order: 9
-parentId: georgian-alphabet
-difficulty: intermediate
-cefrLevel: A1
-categories:
-  - consonants
-  - fricatives
-  - affricates
-  - less-common
-metadata:
-  estimatedTime: 30
-  prerequisites:
-    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-08
-  learningObjectives:
-    - id: obj-less-common-recognition
-      description: "Recognize the less common consonants ღ ძ ჰ"
-      skill: character-recognition
-      references: [ghani, dzili, hae]
-    - id: obj-gh-sound
-      description: "Produce and identify the voiced velar fricative gh"
-      skill: character-sound-mapping
-      references: [ghani]
-    - id: obj-less-common-word-reading
-      description: "Read words containing less common consonants"
-      skill: word-recognition
-      references: [ghani, dzili, hae]
----
-
-# გაკვეთილი 9 (Lesson 9) — Less Common Consonants
-
-## Introduction
-
-This lesson covers three consonants that are less frequent in everyday writing but appear in important and iconic Georgian words. The star of this lesson is **ღ** (gh), a sound characteristic of Georgian and other Caucasian languages that has no equivalent in English.
-
-## Characters
-
-:::character-set{id="georgian-less-common-consonants" title="Less Common Consonants"}
-
-::character{id="ghani" canonicalRef="ghani" char="ღ" name="ღ ღანი (Ghani)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="gh" data:ipa="ɣ"}
-
-::character{id="dzili" canonicalRef="dzili" char="ძ" name="ძ ძილი (Dzili)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="affricate" data:voicing="voiced" data:transliteration="dz" data:ipa="d͡z"}
-
-::character{id="hae" canonicalRef="hae" char="ჰ" name="ჰ ჰაე (Hae)" charType="consonant" data:phoneticCategory="fricative" data:voicing="voiceless" data:transliteration="h" data:ipa="h"}
-
-:::
-
-## Pronunciation Guide
-
-### ღ (Ghani) - /ɣ/
-
-This is a **voiced velar fricative**, one of the most distinctive sounds in Georgian. It is the voiced counterpart to ხ (/x/). To produce it:
-
-1. Position your tongue as if saying "g"
-2. Instead of making a full stop, let air flow through continuously
-3. Add voicing (vocal cord vibration)
-
-The result is a deep, throaty sound. It is similar to:
-- The "r" in French "rouge" (though French r is typically uvular)
-- The "g" in Spanish "amigo" (when pronounced between vowels)
-
-This sound is characteristic of Caucasian languages and appears in one of Georgia's most famous words: **ღვინო** (ghvino, wine).
-
-### ძ (Dzili) - /dz/
-
-Pronounced like the "ds" at the end of English "kids" but at the beginning of a syllable. This is the **voiced alveolar affricate**, completing the three-way system:
-
-| Type | Letter | Sound |
-|------|--------|-------|
-| **Voiced** | **ძ** | /dz/ |
-| Aspirated | ც | /tsʰ/ |
-| Ejective | წ | /tsʼ/ |
-
-The letter name itself, ძილი (dzili), means "sleep."
-
-### ჰ (Hae) - /h/
-
-Pronounced like English "h" in "hello." This is a simple **voiceless glottal fricative**. Despite being easy to pronounce, ჰ is one of the **rarest** consonants in Georgian. It appears in only a handful of native words and some loanwords.
-
-Why is it rare? Georgian historically had no /h/ sound. The letter was added primarily for borrowed words and a few specific native terms. Many Georgian speakers may even drop it in casual speech.
-
-## The Velar Fricative Pair: ხ and ღ
-
-These two consonants form a voiceless-voiced pair at the velum:
-
-| Voicing | Letter | IPA | Example |
-|---------|--------|-----|---------|
-| Voiceless | ხ | /x/ | ხილი (khili, fruit) |
-| **Voiced** | **ღ** | /ɣ/ | ღვინო (ghvino, wine) |
-
-Practice alternating between them:
-- Start with ხ (voiceless): feel no throat vibration
-- Switch to ღ (voiced): feel your throat vibrate
-- The tongue position stays the same; only voicing changes
-
-## Practice Words
-
-| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |
-|------|----------------|---------|-------|
-| ღვინო | ghvino | wine | Georgia's most iconic word |
-| ძილი | dzili | sleep | Also the letter name |
-| ჰავა | hava | climate | One of the few native words with ჰ |
-
-## Georgia and Wine
-
-The word **ღვინო** (ghvino) deserves special attention. Georgia is widely considered the birthplace of winemaking, with archaeological evidence of viticulture dating back 8,000 years. The English word "wine" may ultimately derive from the Georgian ღვინო through various intermediary languages. Learning to pronounce ღ correctly through this word connects you to one of Georgia's deepest cultural traditions.
-
-## The Complete Affricate System
-
-With ძ, you now know all six Georgian affricates:
-
-| Position | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |
-|----------|--------|-----------|----------|
-| Alveolar (ts-type) | **ძ** /dz/ | ც /tsʰ/ | წ /tsʼ/ (Lesson 10) |
-| Postalveolar (ch-type) | ჯ /dʒ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ | ჭ /tʃʼ/ (Lesson 10) |
-
-## Key Points
-
-1. **ღ is uniquely Caucasian**: The voiced velar fricative has no English equivalent
-2. **ძ completes the alveolar affricates**: Voiced counterpart to ც and წ
-3. **ჰ is rare**: Georgian historically lacked this sound; it appears in few words
-4. **ღვინო (wine)**: Georgia's most culturally significant word and perfect ღ practice
-5. **Voicing pairs**: ხ/ღ mirror each other, differing only in vocal cord vibration
-
-## Practice Exercises
-
-:::exercise{id="less-common-recognition-09" type="matching" title="Less Common Consonant Recognition" skill="character-recognition" tests="ghani,dzili,hae" objectiveId="obj-less-common-recognition"}
-
-**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its transliteration and sound
-
-- ღ
-- ძ
-- ჰ
-
-**Answer:**
-
-- gh /ɣ/ (Ghani) - voiced velar fricative
-- dz /dz/ (Dzili) - voiced alveolar affricate
-- h /h/ (Hae) - voiceless glottal fricative
-
-**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different positions in the mouth: ღ is produced at the velum (back), ძ at the alveolar ridge (front), and ჰ at the glottis (throat). Despite being less common in writing, they appear in important vocabulary.
-
-:::
-
-:::exercise{id="gh-sound-production-09" type="multiple-choice" title="Producing the Voiced Velar Fricative" skill="character-sound-mapping" tests="ghani" objectiveId="obj-gh-sound"}
-
-**Question:** How do you produce the Georgian sound ღ (/ɣ/)?
-
-**Options:**
-- Like English "g" but with continuous airflow and vocal cord vibration
-- Like English "h" but at the back of the mouth
-- Like English "r" with the tongue curled back
-- Like English "ng" at the end of "sing"
-
-**Answer:** 1
-
-**Explanation:** ღ (/ɣ/) is a voiced velar fricative. Position your tongue as for "g" (velar position), but instead of making a complete stop, allow air to flow continuously through a narrow gap. Add vocal cord vibration (voicing). The result is a deep, throaty sound unlike any English consonant.
-
-:::
-
-:::exercise{id="less-common-word-reading-09" type="fill-in-blank" title="Word Reading with Less Common Consonants" skill="word-recognition" tests="ghani,dzili,hae" objectiveId="obj-less-common-word-reading"}
-
-**Question:** Read each word and identify its initial consonant
-
-- ღვინო (wine)
-- ძილი (sleep)
-- ჰავა (climate)
-
-**Answer:**
-
-- ღ (gh, /ɣ/) - voiced velar fricative, Georgia's iconic wine word
-- ძ (dz, /dz/) - voiced alveolar affricate, the letter name means "sleep"
-- ჰ (h, /h/) - voiceless glottal fricative, rare in native Georgian words
-
-**Explanation:** These words showcase each consonant in a meaningful context. ღვინო (wine) is perhaps the most culturally important Georgian word and provides essential practice for the unique ღ sound.
-
-:::
-
-## What's Next
-
-In Lesson 10, you'll learn the final three consonants: the ejective affricates წ and ჭ, and the uvular ejective ყ. You will also review all 33 letters of the Georgian alphabet.
-`;
-export {
-  n as default
-};
-//# sourceMappingURL=lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js.map

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-{"version":3,"file":"lesson-09-DDDgHvWa.js","sources":["../src/syllabi/alphabet/lessons/lesson-09.mdx?raw"],"sourcesContent":["export default \"---\\ntype: lesson\\nid: georgian-alphabet-lesson-09\\ntitle: \\\"გაკვეთილი 9 — იშვიათი თანხმოვნები\\\"\\ndescription: \\\"Less Common Consonants: ღ ძ ჰ — The voiced velar fricative gh, voiced affricate dz, and the rare h\\\"\\norder: 9\\nparentId: georgian-alphabet\\ndifficulty: intermediate\\ncefrLevel: A1\\ncategories:\\n  - consonants\\n  - fricatives\\n  - affricates\\n  - less-common\\nmetadata:\\n  estimatedTime: 30\\n  prerequisites:\\n    - georgian-alphabet-lesson-08\\n  learningObjectives:\\n    - id: obj-less-common-recognition\\n      description: \\\"Recognize the less common consonants ღ ძ ჰ\\\"\\n      skill: character-recognition\\n      references: [ghani, dzili, hae]\\n    - id: obj-gh-sound\\n      description: \\\"Produce and identify the voiced velar fricative gh\\\"\\n      skill: character-sound-mapping\\n      references: [ghani]\\n    - id: obj-less-common-word-reading\\n      description: \\\"Read words containing less common consonants\\\"\\n      skill: word-recognition\\n      references: [ghani, dzili, hae]\\n---\\n\\n# გაკვეთილი 9 (Lesson 9) — Less Common Consonants\\n\\n## Introduction\\n\\nThis lesson covers three consonants that are less frequent in everyday writing but appear in important and iconic Georgian words. The star of this lesson is **ღ** (gh), a sound characteristic of Georgian and other Caucasian languages that has no equivalent in English.\\n\\n## Characters\\n\\n:::character-set{id=\\\"georgian-less-common-consonants\\\" title=\\\"Less Common Consonants\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"ghani\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"ghani\\\" char=\\\"ღ\\\" name=\\\"ღ ღანი (Ghani)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"gh\\\" data:ipa=\\\"ɣ\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"dzili\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"dzili\\\" char=\\\"ძ\\\" name=\\\"ძ ძილი (Dzili)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"affricate\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiced\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"dz\\\" data:ipa=\\\"d͡z\\\"}\\n\\n::character{id=\\\"hae\\\" canonicalRef=\\\"hae\\\" char=\\\"ჰ\\\" name=\\\"ჰ ჰაე (Hae)\\\" charType=\\\"consonant\\\" data:phoneticCategory=\\\"fricative\\\" data:voicing=\\\"voiceless\\\" data:transliteration=\\\"h\\\" data:ipa=\\\"h\\\"}\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## Pronunciation Guide\\n\\n### ღ (Ghani) - /ɣ/\\n\\nThis is a **voiced velar fricative**, one of the most distinctive sounds in Georgian. It is the voiced counterpart to ხ (/x/). To produce it:\\n\\n1. Position your tongue as if saying \\\"g\\\"\\n2. Instead of making a full stop, let air flow through continuously\\n3. Add voicing (vocal cord vibration)\\n\\nThe result is a deep, throaty sound. It is similar to:\\n- The \\\"r\\\" in French \\\"rouge\\\" (though French r is typically uvular)\\n- The \\\"g\\\" in Spanish \\\"amigo\\\" (when pronounced between vowels)\\n\\nThis sound is characteristic of Caucasian languages and appears in one of Georgia's most famous words: **ღვინო** (ghvino, wine).\\n\\n### ძ (Dzili) - /dz/\\n\\nPronounced like the \\\"ds\\\" at the end of English \\\"kids\\\" but at the beginning of a syllable. This is the **voiced alveolar affricate**, completing the three-way system:\\n\\n| Type | Letter | Sound |\\n|------|--------|-------|\\n| **Voiced** | **ძ** | /dz/ |\\n| Aspirated | ც | /tsʰ/ |\\n| Ejective | წ | /tsʼ/ |\\n\\nThe letter name itself, ძილი (dzili), means \\\"sleep.\\\"\\n\\n### ჰ (Hae) - /h/\\n\\nPronounced like English \\\"h\\\" in \\\"hello.\\\" This is a simple **voiceless glottal fricative**. Despite being easy to pronounce, ჰ is one of the **rarest** consonants in Georgian. It appears in only a handful of native words and some loanwords.\\n\\nWhy is it rare? Georgian historically had no /h/ sound. The letter was added primarily for borrowed words and a few specific native terms. Many Georgian speakers may even drop it in casual speech.\\n\\n## The Velar Fricative Pair: ხ and ღ\\n\\nThese two consonants form a voiceless-voiced pair at the velum:\\n\\n| Voicing | Letter | IPA | Example |\\n|---------|--------|-----|---------|\\n| Voiceless | ხ | /x/ | ხილი (khili, fruit) |\\n| **Voiced** | **ღ** | /ɣ/ | ღვინო (ghvino, wine) |\\n\\nPractice alternating between them:\\n- Start with ხ (voiceless): feel no throat vibration\\n- Switch to ღ (voiced): feel your throat vibrate\\n- The tongue position stays the same; only voicing changes\\n\\n## Practice Words\\n\\n| Word | Transliteration | Meaning | Notes |\\n|------|----------------|---------|-------|\\n| ღვინო | ghvino | wine | Georgia's most iconic word |\\n| ძილი | dzili | sleep | Also the letter name |\\n| ჰავა | hava | climate | One of the few native words with ჰ |\\n\\n## Georgia and Wine\\n\\nThe word **ღვინო** (ghvino) deserves special attention. Georgia is widely considered the birthplace of winemaking, with archaeological evidence of viticulture dating back 8,000 years. The English word \\\"wine\\\" may ultimately derive from the Georgian ღვინო through various intermediary languages. Learning to pronounce ღ correctly through this word connects you to one of Georgia's deepest cultural traditions.\\n\\n## The Complete Affricate System\\n\\nWith ძ, you now know all six Georgian affricates:\\n\\n| Position | Voiced | Aspirated | Ejective |\\n|----------|--------|-----------|----------|\\n| Alveolar (ts-type) | **ძ** /dz/ | ც /tsʰ/ | წ /tsʼ/ (Lesson 10) |\\n| Postalveolar (ch-type) | ჯ /dʒ/ | ჩ /tʃʰ/ | ჭ /tʃʼ/ (Lesson 10) |\\n\\n## Key Points\\n\\n1. **ღ is uniquely Caucasian**: The voiced velar fricative has no English equivalent\\n2. **ძ completes the alveolar affricates**: Voiced counterpart to ც and წ\\n3. **ჰ is rare**: Georgian historically lacked this sound; it appears in few words\\n4. **ღვინო (wine)**: Georgia's most culturally significant word and perfect ღ practice\\n5. **Voicing pairs**: ხ/ღ mirror each other, differing only in vocal cord vibration\\n\\n## Practice Exercises\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"less-common-recognition-09\\\" type=\\\"matching\\\" title=\\\"Less Common Consonant Recognition\\\" skill=\\\"character-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"ghani,dzili,hae\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-less-common-recognition\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Match each Georgian letter to its transliteration and sound\\n\\n- ღ\\n- ძ\\n- ჰ\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- gh /ɣ/ (Ghani) - voiced velar fricative\\n- dz /dz/ (Dzili) - voiced alveolar affricate\\n- h /h/ (Hae) - voiceless glottal fricative\\n\\n**Explanation:** These three consonants represent different positions in the mouth: ღ is produced at the velum (back), ძ at the alveolar ridge (front), and ჰ at the glottis (throat). Despite being less common in writing, they appear in important vocabulary.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"gh-sound-production-09\\\" type=\\\"multiple-choice\\\" title=\\\"Producing the Voiced Velar Fricative\\\" skill=\\\"character-sound-mapping\\\" tests=\\\"ghani\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-gh-sound\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** How do you produce the Georgian sound ღ (/ɣ/)?\\n\\n**Options:**\\n- Like English \\\"g\\\" but with continuous airflow and vocal cord vibration\\n- Like English \\\"h\\\" but at the back of the mouth\\n- Like English \\\"r\\\" with the tongue curled back\\n- Like English \\\"ng\\\" at the end of \\\"sing\\\"\\n\\n**Answer:** 1\\n\\n**Explanation:** ღ (/ɣ/) is a voiced velar fricative. Position your tongue as for \\\"g\\\" (velar position), but instead of making a complete stop, allow air to flow continuously through a narrow gap. Add vocal cord vibration (voicing). The result is a deep, throaty sound unlike any English consonant.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n:::exercise{id=\\\"less-common-word-reading-09\\\" type=\\\"fill-in-blank\\\" title=\\\"Word Reading with Less Common Consonants\\\" skill=\\\"word-recognition\\\" tests=\\\"ghani,dzili,hae\\\" objectiveId=\\\"obj-less-common-word-reading\\\"}\\n\\n**Question:** Read each word and identify its initial consonant\\n\\n- ღვინო (wine)\\n- ძილი (sleep)\\n- ჰავა (climate)\\n\\n**Answer:**\\n\\n- ღ (gh, /ɣ/) - voiced velar fricative, Georgia's iconic wine word\\n- ძ (dz, /dz/) - voiced alveolar affricate, the letter name means \\\"sleep\\\"\\n- ჰ (h, /h/) - voiceless glottal fricative, rare in native Georgian words\\n\\n**Explanation:** These words showcase each consonant in a meaningful context. ღვინო (wine) is perhaps the most culturally important Georgian word and provides essential practice for the unique ღ sound.\\n\\n:::\\n\\n## What's Next\\n\\nIn Lesson 10, you'll learn the final three consonants: the ejective affricates წ and ჭ, and the uvular ejective ყ. You will also review all 33 letters of the Georgian alphabet.\\n\""],"names":["lesson09"],"mappings":"AAAA,MAAAA,IAAe;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;AAAA;"}