@surea11y/core 1.1.1 → 1.2.0

package/src/checks/manual/landmark-unique-manual.js

@@ -75,46 +75,48 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     return raw.split(/\s+/)[0].toLowerCase();
   }
 
-  // Two distinct ancestor sets, verified 2026-07-20 against a widely-used
-  // reference engine's own implicit-role functions directly rather than
-  // assumed from one shared list: <header>/<footer> use "sectioning content
-  // PLUS <main>" (that engine's getSectioningContentPlusMainSelector) to decide
-  // banner/contentinfo suppression, but <aside> uses PLAIN sectioning
-  // content only (article/aside/nav/section — NOT main) to decide
-  // complementary suppression. The old single SECTIONING_ANCESTORS set
-  // (which included 'main') was correct for header/footer but wrong for
-  // aside — found via a real page: Know Your Meme's two unnamed
-  // <aside class="extra-large-only"> elements are direct children of
-  // <main>, which incorrectly suppressed their implicit "complementary"
-  // role entirely, hiding a real duplicate-landmark violation that
-  // reference engine correctly flags.
-  const SECTIONING_ANCESTORS_PLUS_MAIN = new Set(['article', 'aside', 'main', 'nav', 'section']);
-  const SECTIONING_ANCESTORS = new Set(['article', 'aside', 'nav', 'section']);
-
-  function hasSectioningAncestorFrom(el, set) {
-    let p = el.parentElement;
-    while (p) {
-      const tag = p.tagName ? p.tagName.toLowerCase() : '';
-      if (set.has(tag)) return true;
-      p = p.parentElement;
-    }
-    return false;
+  // Delegates to the shared helpers.hasLandmarkScopingAncestor (role-aware:
+  // an ancestor's bare TAG only counts when it carries no role attribute at
+  // all; an explicit role="dialog"-style override no longer suppresses —
+  // see that function's header comment in src/core/aria-helpers.js) rather
+  // than the two local tag-only Sets this file used to carry. Two distinct
+  // ancestor scopes, verified 2026-07-20 against a widely-used reference
+  // engine's own implicit-role functions directly rather than assumed from
+  // one shared list: <header>/<footer> use "sectioning content PLUS <main>"
+  // (includeMain: true) to decide banner/contentinfo suppression, but
+  // <aside> uses PLAIN sectioning content only — NOT main (includeMain:
+  // false) — to decide complementary suppression. The old single
+  // SECTIONING_ANCESTORS set (which included 'main') was correct for
+  // header/footer but wrong for aside — found via a real page: Know Your
+  // Meme's two unnamed <aside class="extra-large-only"> elements are direct
+  // children of <main>, which incorrectly suppressed their implicit
+  // "complementary" role entirely, hiding a real duplicate-landmark
+  // violation that reference engine correctly flags. The tag-only
+  // (non-role-aware) half of this bug was separately found and fixed
+  // 2026-07-30 via the cross-engine comparisons project, on
+  // handsontable.com's docs-assistant side panel: an <aside role="dialog">
+  // containing its own <header> — role="dialog" isn't one of the four
+  // scoping roles, so the nested <header> keeps "banner" per spec, but a
+  // tag-only check unconditionally suppressed it just because the ancestor
+  // TAG was <aside>.
+  function hasSectioningAncestor(el, includeMain) {
+    return helpers && typeof helpers.hasLandmarkScopingAncestor === 'function'
+      ? helpers.hasLandmarkScopingAncestor(el, { includeMain })
+      : false;
   }
 
   function getImplicitLandmarkRole(el) {
     const tag = el.tagName ? el.tagName.toLowerCase() : '';
-    if (tag === 'header') return hasSectioningAncestorFrom(el, SECTIONING_ANCESTORS_PLUS_MAIN) ? '' : 'banner';
-    if (tag === 'footer') return hasSectioningAncestorFrom(el, SECTIONING_ANCESTORS_PLUS_MAIN) ? '' : 'contentinfo';
+    if (tag === 'header') return hasSectioningAncestor(el, true) ? '' : 'banner';
+    if (tag === 'footer') return hasSectioningAncestor(el, true) ? '' : 'contentinfo';
     if (tag === 'main') return 'main';
     if (tag === 'nav') return 'navigation';
     if (tag === 'aside') {
       // Per a widely-used reference engine's own `aside` implicit-role function: suppressed by a
       // sectioning-content ancestor ONLY when the <aside> also has no
       // accessible name — a named <aside> is never suppressed, even when
-      // nested. Not yet evidenced by a real page in this corpus, but
-      // implemented to match the verified source exactly rather than
-      // leaving a known partial fix in place.
-      if (!hasSectioningAncestorFrom(el, SECTIONING_ANCESTORS)) return 'complementary';
+      // nested.
+      if (!hasSectioningAncestor(el, false)) return 'complementary';
       return getAccessibleLandmarkName(el) ? 'complementary' : '';
     }
     if (tag === 'section') return getAccessibleLandmarkName(el) ? 'region' : '';

package/src/checks/manual/link-name-quality-manual.js

@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ const meta = {
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {
-  const { document, root, helpers, rule } = ctx;
-  const safeRoot = root || document;
+  const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
   const GENERIC_LINK_TEXT = new Set([
     'click here', 'here', 'click', 'more', 'more info', 'more information',
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
   }
 
   const selector = 'a[href]';
-  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart(selector, safeRoot) : helpers.queryAll(selector, safeRoot);
+  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart(selector) : helpers.queryAll(selector);
 
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;

package/src/checks/manual/meta-viewport-large-manual.js

@@ -43,6 +43,14 @@ const meta = {
   coverage: {}
 };
 
+// This check is inherently whole-document (does the PAGE have this
+// property?), not evaluable per-subtree -- notApplicable when contextSelector
+// scoped this run narrower than the whole document, or when
+// engineOptions.fragment:true was set (see helpers.isWholeDocumentScope).
+function applicability(ctx) {
+  return ctx.helpers.isWholeDocumentScope ? ctx.helpers.isWholeDocumentScope() : true;
+}
+
 function runInPage(ctx) {
   const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
@@ -116,4 +124,4 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
   return { ruleId: rule.ruleId, outcome: 'notApplicable', severity: 'minor', occurrences: [] };
 }
 
-module.exports = { id, meta, runInPage };
+module.exports = { id, meta, runInPage, applicability };

package/src/checks/manual/mouse-only-event-handlers-manual.js

@@ -67,8 +67,7 @@ const meta = {
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {
-  const { document, root, helpers, rule } = ctx;
-  const safeRoot = root || document;
+  const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
   const MOUSE_ONLY_ATTRS = [
     'onmouseover', 'onmouseout', 'onmousedown', 'onmouseup',
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
   function trim(v) { return (v == null ? '' : String(v)).trim(); }
 
   const selector = MOUSE_ONLY_ATTRS.map((a) => `[${a}]`).join(', ');
-  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart(selector, safeRoot) : helpers.queryAll(selector, safeRoot);
+  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart(selector) : helpers.queryAll(selector);
 
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;

package/src/checks/manual/no-autoplay-audio-manual.js

@@ -58,10 +58,9 @@ const meta = {
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {
-  const { document, root, helpers, rule } = ctx;
-  const safeRoot = root || document;
+  const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
-  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('audio[autoplay], video[autoplay]', safeRoot) : helpers.queryAll('audio[autoplay], video[autoplay]', safeRoot);
+  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('audio[autoplay], video[autoplay]') : helpers.queryAll('audio[autoplay], video[autoplay]');
 
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;

package/src/checks/manual/p-as-heading-manual.js

@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ const meta = {
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {
-  const { document, root, helpers, rule } = ctx;
-  const safeRoot = root || document;
+  const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
   const MAX_HEADING_LIKE_CHARS = 120;
   const MIN_FONT_SIZE_PX = 18;
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     return Number.isFinite(px) ? px : 0;
   }
 
-  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('p', safeRoot) : helpers.queryAll('p', safeRoot);
+  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('p') : helpers.queryAll('p');
 
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;

package/src/checks/manual/page-has-heading-one-manual.js

@@ -19,6 +19,18 @@
  * - Not WCAG-normative — authored as an advisory, cantTell-capped
  *   `type: 'manual'` rule; see landmark-banner-is-top-level's
  *   header comment for the shared rationale/precedent.
+ * - Filters candidates through `isAccTreeEligible` (hidden/aria-hidden/
+ *   display:none/inert elements don't count as "the page has a heading
+ *   one"), matching `landmark-one-main`'s own precedent. Found via a real
+ *   page (CDC's flu page, 2026-07-30): its only `<h1>` sits inside a
+ *   `display:none` ancestor — genuinely unreachable by sighted and screen
+ *   reader users alike — and a raw `document.querySelectorAll` credited it
+ *   anyway, reporting `notApplicable` where axe-core correctly fails. This
+ *   does NOT regress purely-visually-clipped-but-AT-exposed headings (e.g.
+ *   eBay's homepage `<h1>` hidden via clip-path/off-screen positioning,
+ *   `visibility:visible`, no `aria-hidden`) — `isAccTreeEligible` only
+ *   excludes elements actually removed from the accessibility tree, not
+ *   ones merely clipped from the visual viewport.
  */
 
 const id = 'page-has-heading-one';
@@ -41,6 +53,14 @@ const meta = {
   coverage: {}
 };
 
+// This check is inherently whole-document (does the PAGE have this
+// property?), not evaluable per-subtree -- notApplicable when contextSelector
+// scoped this run narrower than the whole document, or when
+// engineOptions.fragment:true was set (see helpers.isWholeDocumentScope).
+function applicability(ctx) {
+  return ctx.helpers.isWholeDocumentScope ? ctx.helpers.isWholeDocumentScope() : true;
+}
+
 function runInPage(ctx) {
   const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
@@ -70,14 +90,31 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     return tag === 'h1';
   }
 
+  const isAccTreeEligible = helpers && typeof helpers.isAccTreeEligible === 'function' ? helpers.isAccTreeEligible : null;
+
+  function isExposedToAt(el) {
+    if (!isAccTreeEligible) return true;
+    try {
+      const r = isAccTreeEligible(el, ctx);
+      if (typeof r === 'boolean') return r;
+      return !!(r && r.eligible);
+    } catch {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // queryAllSmart (shadow-DOM-aware) instead of plain document.querySelectorAll -- see
+  // landmark-one-main-manual.js's identical precedent.
   let nodes = [];
   try {
-    nodes = document.querySelectorAll('h1, [role]');
+    nodes = helpers && typeof helpers.queryAllSmart === 'function'
+      ? helpers.queryAllSmart('h1, [role]')
+      : document.querySelectorAll('h1, [role]');
   } catch {
     nodes = [];
   }
 
-  const hasH1 = Array.from(nodes).some((el) => el && isLevelOneHeading(el));
+  const hasH1 = Array.from(nodes).some((el) => el && isLevelOneHeading(el) && isExposedToAt(el));
 
   if (hasH1) {
     return { ruleId: rule.ruleId, outcome: 'notApplicable', severity: 'minor', occurrences: [] };
@@ -107,4 +144,4 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
   };
 }
 
-module.exports = { id, meta, runInPage };
+module.exports = { id, meta, runInPage, applicability };

package/src/checks/manual/page-title-patterns-manual.js

@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ const meta = {
   coverage: { facetsBySc: { '2.4.2': ['page-title-patterns'] } }
 };
 
+// This check is inherently whole-document (does the PAGE have this
+// property?), not evaluable per-subtree -- notApplicable when contextSelector
+// scoped this run narrower than the whole document, or when
+// engineOptions.fragment:true was set (see helpers.isWholeDocumentScope).
+function applicability(ctx) {
+  return ctx.helpers.isWholeDocumentScope ? ctx.helpers.isWholeDocumentScope() : true;
+}
+
 function runInPage(ctx) {
   const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
   const probes = ctx && ctx.inputs && ctx.inputs.probes && typeof ctx.inputs.probes === 'object'
@@ -259,4 +267,4 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
   return { ruleId: rule.ruleId, outcome: 'notApplicable', severity: 'minor', occurrences: [] };
 }
 
-module.exports = { id, meta, runInPage };
+module.exports = { id, meta, runInPage, applicability };

package/src/checks/manual/presentation-role-conflict-manual.js

@@ -73,8 +73,7 @@ const meta = {
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {
-  const { document, root, helpers, rule } = ctx;
-  const safeRoot = root || document;
+  const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
   // The full set of ARIA attributes marked `global: true` per the WAI-ARIA
   // spec (confirmed against a widely-used reference engine's own
@@ -91,8 +90,8 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
   const getFocusableInfo = helpers && typeof helpers.getFocusableInfo === 'function' ? helpers.getFocusableInfo : null;
 
   const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart
-      ? helpers.queryAllSmart('[role="presentation"], [role="none"], img[alt=""]', safeRoot)
-      : helpers.queryAll('[role="presentation"], [role="none"], img[alt=""]', safeRoot);
+      ? helpers.queryAllSmart('[role="presentation"], [role="none"], img[alt=""]')
+      : helpers.queryAll('[role="presentation"], [role="none"], img[alt=""]');
 
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;

package/src/checks/manual/region-manual.js

@@ -46,6 +46,14 @@ const meta = {
   coverage: {}
 };
 
+// This check is inherently whole-document (does the PAGE have this
+// property?), not evaluable per-subtree -- notApplicable when contextSelector
+// scoped this run narrower than the whole document, or when
+// engineOptions.fragment:true was set (see helpers.isWholeDocumentScope).
+function applicability(ctx) {
+  return ctx.helpers.isWholeDocumentScope ? ctx.helpers.isWholeDocumentScope() : true;
+}
+
 function runInPage(ctx) {
   const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
@@ -79,25 +87,37 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     return raw.split(/\s+/)[0].toLowerCase();
   }
 
-  const SECTIONING_ANCESTORS = new Set(['article', 'aside', 'main', 'nav', 'section']);
-
-  function isSuppressedBySectioningAncestor(el) {
-    let p = el.parentElement;
-    while (p) {
-      const tag = p.tagName ? p.tagName.toLowerCase() : '';
-      if (SECTIONING_ANCESTORS.has(tag)) return true;
-      p = p.parentElement;
-    }
-    return false;
+  // Delegates to the shared helpers.hasLandmarkScopingAncestor for the
+  // question "does this element sit inside a sectioning-content/<main>
+  // ancestor that suppresses its conditional implicit role" — role-aware
+  // (an ancestor's bare TAG only counts when it carries no role attribute
+  // at all; an explicit role="dialog"-style override no longer suppresses)
+  // rather than a local tag-only copy. See that function's header comment
+  // in src/core/aria-helpers.js for the full algorithm and the real page
+  // (handsontable.com's docs-assistant side panel, an
+  // <aside role="dialog"> containing its own <header>) that surfaced this
+  // rule's own former tag-only copy as a false negative.
+  function hasSectioningAncestor(el, includeMain) {
+    return helpers && typeof helpers.hasLandmarkScopingAncestor === 'function'
+      ? helpers.hasLandmarkScopingAncestor(el, { includeMain })
+      : false;
   }
 
   function getImplicitLandmarkRole(el) {
     const tag = el.tagName ? el.tagName.toLowerCase() : '';
-    if (tag === 'header') return isSuppressedBySectioningAncestor(el) ? '' : 'banner';
-    if (tag === 'footer') return isSuppressedBySectioningAncestor(el) ? '' : 'contentinfo';
+    if (tag === 'header') return hasSectioningAncestor(el, true) ? '' : 'banner';
+    if (tag === 'footer') return hasSectioningAncestor(el, true) ? '' : 'contentinfo';
     if (tag === 'main') return 'main';
     if (tag === 'nav') return 'navigation';
-    if (tag === 'aside') return isSuppressedBySectioningAncestor(el) ? '' : 'complementary';
+    if (tag === 'aside') {
+      // A named <aside> is never suppressed, even when nested — matches
+      // landmark-unique's own verified-against-reference-engine precedent
+      // (that engine's real `aside` implicit-role function keeps
+      // "complementary" when the element has an accessible name, even
+      // inside sectioning content); propagated here for consistency.
+      if (!hasSectioningAncestor(el, false)) return 'complementary';
+      return getAccessibleLandmarkName(el) ? 'complementary' : '';
+    }
     if (tag === 'section') return getAccessibleLandmarkName(el) ? 'region' : '';
     if (tag === 'form') return getAccessibleLandmarkName(el) ? 'form' : '';
     return '';
@@ -180,4 +200,4 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
   return { ruleId: rule.ruleId, outcome: 'notApplicable', severity: 'minor', occurrences: [] };
 }
 
-module.exports = { id, meta, runInPage };
+module.exports = { id, meta, runInPage, applicability };

package/src/checks/manual/scope-attr-valid-manual.js

@@ -39,16 +39,11 @@ const meta = {
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {
-  const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
+  const { helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
   const VALID_SCOPES = new Set(['row', 'col', 'rowgroup', 'colgroup']);
 
-  let nodes = [];
-  try {
-    nodes = document.querySelectorAll('[scope]');
-  } catch {
-    nodes = [];
-  }
+  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('[scope]') : helpers.queryAll('[scope]');
 
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;

package/src/checks/manual/scrollable-region-focusable-manual.js

@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@ const meta = {
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {
-  const { document, root, helpers, rule } = ctx;
-  const safeRoot = root || document;
+  const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
   function safeComputedStyle(el) {
     try {
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
   }
 
   const CANDIDATE_SELECTOR = 'div, section, article, aside, main, nav, pre, table, blockquote, ul, ol, textarea';
-  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart(CANDIDATE_SELECTOR, safeRoot) : helpers.queryAll(CANDIDATE_SELECTOR, safeRoot);
+  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart(CANDIDATE_SELECTOR) : helpers.queryAll(CANDIDATE_SELECTOR);
 
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;

package/src/checks/manual/skip-link-manual.js

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 /**
  * @check skip-link
  * @atomic true
- * @summary A "skip" link must resolve to a real, focusable target
+ * @summary A "skip" link must resolve to a real, usable target
  * @standard Best Practices (a widely-used reference engine's classification; no formal WCAG Success Criterion — see ROADMAP.md Tier 1b)
  * @applicability
  *   Applies to <a href="#fragment"> elements whose accessible name
@@ -18,8 +18,11 @@
  *   implementation-notes) — this only widens the known-convention list.
  * @expectation
  *   The link's fragment resolves to a real element in the document
- *   (via a matching id, or a legacy <a name="...">). A skip link whose
- *   target does not exist silently does nothing when activated.
+ *   (via a matching id, or a legacy <a name="...">), and that target is
+ *   currently usable (not hidden from the accessibility tree; and, when
+ *   browser geometry is available, not zero-area/no-rects). A skip link
+ *   whose target is missing or effectively unusable does not provide a
+ *   reliable bypass destination.
  * @implementation-notes
  * - Not WCAG-normative — authored as an advisory, cantTell-capped
  *   `type: 'manual'` rule; see landmark-banner-is-top-level's
@@ -33,8 +36,8 @@
 const id = 'skip-link';
 
 const meta = {
-  title: 'Skip link must have a resolvable target',
-  description: 'Checks that a "skip to ..." link\'s href fragment resolves to a real element in the document.',
+  title: 'Skip link must have a resolvable, usable target',
+  description: 'Checks that a "skip to ..." link\'s href fragment resolves to a real, currently usable element in the document.',
   i18n: {
     titleKey: 'skipLink_title',
     descriptionKey: 'skipLink_description'
@@ -51,8 +54,7 @@ const meta = {
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {
-  const { document, root, helpers, rule } = ctx;
-  const safeRoot = root || document;
+  const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
   function normalizeWs(s) {
     return String(s || '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
@@ -79,7 +81,31 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     return normalizeWs(el.textContent);
   }
 
-  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('a[href]', safeRoot) : helpers.queryAll('a[href]', safeRoot);
+  function hasReliableGeometrySupport() {
+    const probe = document.documentElement || document.body || null;
+    if (!probe || !probe.getClientRects || !probe.getBoundingClientRect) return false;
+    try {
+      const rects = probe.getClientRects();
+      const rectCount = rects ? rects.length : 0;
+      const r = probe.getBoundingClientRect();
+      const w = r && Number.isFinite(r.width) ? r.width : 0;
+      const h = r && Number.isFinite(r.height) ? r.height : 0;
+      return rectCount > 0 && (w > 0 || h > 0);
+    } catch {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function toEligibility(info) {
+    return {
+      eligible: !!(info && info.eligible),
+      reasons: info && Array.isArray(info.reasons) ? info.reasons.slice(0) : []
+    };
+  }
+
+  const geometrySupported = hasReliableGeometrySupport();
+
+  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('a[href]') : helpers.queryAll('a[href]');
 
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;
@@ -117,7 +143,63 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
       }
     }
 
-    if (target) continue;
+    if (target) {
+      const accEligibility = toEligibility(
+        helpers.getEligibilityInfo
+          ? helpers.getEligibilityInfo(target, ctx, { targetSet: 'acc' })
+          : (helpers.isAccTreeEligible ? helpers.isAccTreeEligible(target, ctx) : { eligible: true, reasons: [] })
+      );
+
+      let geometryEligibility = null;
+      let geometryReasonCode = null;
+      if (geometrySupported && helpers.isDomVisibleEligible) {
+        geometryEligibility = toEligibility(
+          helpers.isDomVisibleEligible(target, ctx, { visibilityMode: 'styleAndGeometry', ignoreOpacity: true })
+        );
+        if (!geometryEligibility.eligible && geometryEligibility.reasons.includes('noClientRects')) {
+          geometryReasonCode = 'NO_CLIENT_RECTS';
+        } else if (!geometryEligibility.eligible && geometryEligibility.reasons.includes('zeroArea')) {
+          geometryReasonCode = 'ZERO_AREA_TARGET';
+        }
+      }
+
+      const unusableByAcc = !accEligibility.eligible;
+      const unusableByGeometry = !!geometryReasonCode;
+      if (!unusableByAcc && !unusableByGeometry) continue;
+
+      const stableSelector = helpers.buildSelector ? helpers.buildSelector(el) : 'html';
+      const html = helpers.getOuterHtmlSnippet ? helpers.getOuterHtmlSnippet(el) : (el.outerHTML || '');
+
+      occurrences.push({
+        selector: stableSelector,
+        html,
+        summary: 'This skip link points to a target that exists but is not currently usable.',
+        hint: 'Point this skip link to a target that is exposed and usable as a navigation destination.',
+        i18n: {
+          summaryKey: 'skipLink_summary_unusableTarget_cantTell',
+          hintKey: 'skipLink_hint_unusableTarget_cantTell',
+          params: { href }
+        },
+        data: {
+          details: {
+            reasonCode: 'SKIP_LINK_TARGET_UNUSABLE',
+            href,
+            unusableReasonCode: unusableByAcc ? 'ACC_TREE_INELIGIBLE' : geometryReasonCode,
+            targetSelector: helpers.buildSelector ? helpers.buildSelector(target) : null,
+            geometryCheckEnabled: geometrySupported
+          },
+          visibilityFilter: {
+            targetSet: 'acc',
+            accEligible: accEligibility.eligible,
+            reasons: accEligibility.reasons
+          },
+          targetGeometry: geometryEligibility
+            ? { eligible: geometryEligibility.eligible, reasons: geometryEligibility.reasons }
+            : { eligible: null, reasons: [] }
+        }
+      });
+      continue;
+    }
 
     const stableSelector = helpers.buildSelector ? helpers.buildSelector(el) : 'html';
     const html = helpers.getOuterHtmlSnippet ? helpers.getOuterHtmlSnippet(el) : (el.outerHTML || '');

package/src/checks/manual/tabindex-manual.js

@@ -40,14 +40,9 @@ const meta = {
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {
-  const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
+  const { helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
-  let nodes = [];
-  try {
-    nodes = document.querySelectorAll('[tabindex]');
-  } catch {
-    nodes = [];
-  }
+  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('[tabindex]') : helpers.queryAll('[tabindex]');
 
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;

package/src/checks/manual/table-duplicate-name-manual.js

@@ -43,14 +43,13 @@ const meta = {
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {
-  const { document, root, helpers, rule } = ctx;
-  const safeRoot = root || document;
+  const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
   function normalizeWs(s) {
     return String(s || '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
   }
 
-  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('table[summary]', safeRoot) : helpers.queryAll('table[summary]', safeRoot);
+  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('table[summary]') : helpers.queryAll('table[summary]');
 
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;

package/src/checks/manual/table-fake-caption-manual.js

@@ -51,12 +51,11 @@ const meta = {
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {
-  const { document, root, helpers, rule } = ctx;
-  const safeRoot = root || document;
+  const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
   function trim(v) { return (v == null ? '' : String(v)).trim(); }
 
-  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('table', safeRoot) : helpers.queryAll('table', safeRoot);
+  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('table') : helpers.queryAll('table');
 
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;

package/src/checks/manual/video-caption-manual.js

@@ -51,10 +51,9 @@ const meta = {
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {
-  const { document, root, helpers, rule } = ctx;
-  const safeRoot = root || document;
+  const { document, helpers, rule } = ctx;
 
-  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('video', safeRoot) : helpers.queryAll('video', safeRoot);
+  const nodes = helpers.queryAllSmart ? helpers.queryAllSmart('video') : helpers.queryAll('video');
 
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;