@stella-studio/ck 1.0.0

package/.claude/skills/payment-integration/references/polar/best-practices.md

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+# Polar Best Practices
+
+Production-proven patterns from real SaaS implementations covering SDK initialization, checkout flows, webhooks, discounts, fee calculations, and error handling.
+
+## Environment Configuration
+
+### Required Environment Variables
+```bash
+# Core API
+POLAR_API_KEY=polar_at_xxx           # Access token from Polar Dashboard
+POLAR_ORGANIZATION_ID=org_xxx        # Your organization ID
+POLAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET=whsec_xxx       # Webhook signature verification
+
+# Product IDs (one per product)
+POLAR_PRODUCT_ENGINEER_ID=prod_xxx
+POLAR_PRODUCT_MARKETING_ID=prod_xxx
+POLAR_PRODUCT_COMBO_ID=prod_xxx
+
+# Environment (optional, defaults to production)
+POLAR_ENV=production                  # 'production' or 'sandbox'
+```
+
+### Lazy Initialization Pattern
+```typescript
+// lib/polar.ts - Defer validation until first access
+import { Polar } from '@polar-sh/sdk';
+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+const polarEnvSchema = z.object({
+  POLAR_API_KEY: z.string().min(1),
+  POLAR_ORGANIZATION_ID: z.string().min(1),
+  POLAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET: z.string().min(1),
+});
+
+let _polar: Polar | null = null;
+let _env: z.infer<typeof polarEnvSchema> | null = null;
+
+export function getPolarEnv() {
+  if (!_env) {
+    _env = polarEnvSchema.parse({
+      POLAR_API_KEY: process.env.POLAR_API_KEY,
+      POLAR_ORGANIZATION_ID: process.env.POLAR_ORGANIZATION_ID,
+      POLAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET: process.env.POLAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET,
+    });
+  }
+  return _env;
+}
+
+export function getPolar() {
+  if (!_polar) {
+    const env = getPolarEnv();
+    const polarEnv = process.env.POLAR_ENV || 'production';
+    _polar = new Polar({
+      accessToken: env.POLAR_API_KEY,
+      server: polarEnv as 'production' | 'sandbox',
+    });
+  }
+  return _polar;
+}
+```
+
+**Key Benefit:** Module imports succeed at build time; validation deferred until runtime when env vars are available.
+
+## Checkout Flow Implementation
+
+### Standard Checkout API
+```typescript
+// app/api/checkout/polar/route.ts
+import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
+import { z } from 'zod';
+import { getPolar, getPolarEnv } from '@/lib/polar';
+
+const checkoutSchema = z.object({
+  email: z.string().email(),
+  name: z.string().optional(),
+  productType: z.enum(['engineer_kit', 'marketing_kit', 'combo']),
+  githubUsername: z.string().min(1),
+  referralCode: z.string().regex(/^[A-Z0-9]{8}$/).optional(),
+  couponCode: z.string().optional(),
+});
+
+// Pricing in cents
+const PRODUCT_PRICES = {
+  engineer_kit: 9900,   // $99
+  marketing_kit: 9900,  // $99
+  combo: 14900,         // $149
+} as const;
+
+export async function POST(request: Request) {
+  try {
+    const body = await request.json();
+    const data = checkoutSchema.parse(body);
+    const polar = getPolar();
+    const env = getPolarEnv();
+
+    // 1. Normalize email
+    const normalizedEmail = data.email.toLowerCase().trim();
+
+    // 2. Validate GitHub username against GitHub API
+    const githubValid = await validateGitHubUsername(data.githubUsername);
+    if (!githubValid) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { error: 'Invalid GitHub username' },
+        { status: 400 }
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 3. Get product ID and base price
+    const productId = getProductId(data.productType);
+    const originalAmount = PRODUCT_PRICES[data.productType];
+
+    // 4. Apply discount hierarchy (order matters!)
+    let finalAmount = originalAmount;
+    let polarDiscountId: string | undefined;
+    let discountMetadata: Record<string, any> = {};
+
+    // Step A: Apply coupon FIRST (if provided)
+    if (data.couponCode) {
+      const couponResult = await validateAndApplyCoupon(
+        data.couponCode,
+        productId,
+        originalAmount
+      );
+      if (couponResult.valid) {
+        finalAmount = originalAmount - couponResult.discountAmount;
+        discountMetadata.couponCode = data.couponCode;
+        discountMetadata.couponDiscountAmount = couponResult.discountAmount;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Step B: Apply referral discount SECOND (on post-coupon price)
+    if (data.referralCode) {
+      const referralResult = await calculateReferralDiscount(
+        data.referralCode,
+        finalAmount, // Applied to post-coupon amount
+        normalizedEmail
+      );
+
+      if (referralResult.valid && referralResult.discountAmount > 0) {
+        // Validate discount calculation
+        if (referralResult.discountAmount <= 0) {
+          return NextResponse.json(
+            { error: 'Invalid discount calculation - contact support' },
+            { status: 400 }
+          );
+        }
+
+        finalAmount -= referralResult.discountAmount;
+        discountMetadata.referralCode = data.referralCode;
+        discountMetadata.referralDiscountAmount = referralResult.discountAmount;
+        discountMetadata.referrerId = referralResult.referrerId;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 5. Create order record BEFORE Polar checkout
+    const order = await db.insert(orders).values({
+      id: crypto.randomUUID(),
+      email: normalizedEmail,
+      productType: data.productType,
+      amount: finalAmount,
+      originalAmount,
+      currency: 'USD',
+      status: 'pending',
+      paymentProvider: 'polar',
+      referredBy: discountMetadata.referrerId,
+      discountAmount: originalAmount - finalAmount,
+      metadata: JSON.stringify({
+        ...discountMetadata,
+        githubUsername: data.githubUsername,
+      }),
+    }).returning();
+
+    // 6. Create dynamic Polar discount (if referral applied)
+    if (discountMetadata.referrerId && discountMetadata.referralDiscountAmount > 0) {
+      try {
+        const discount = await polar.discounts.create({
+          type: 'fixed',
+          name: `referral-${order[0].id.slice(0, 8)}`,
+          amount: discountMetadata.referralDiscountAmount,
+          currency: 'usd',
+          duration: 'once',
+          maxRedemptions: 1,
+          products: [productId],
+          metadata: {
+            orderId: order[0].id,
+            type: 'referral',
+            referrerId: discountMetadata.referrerId,
+          },
+        });
+        polarDiscountId = discount.id;
+      } catch (error) {
+        // FAIL-OPEN: Proceed with full price, flag for manual refund
+        console.error('⚠️ Failed to create Polar discount:', error);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 7. Create Polar checkout session
+    const checkout = await polar.checkouts.create({
+      productPriceId: productId,
+      customerEmail: normalizedEmail,
+      successUrl: `${process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_URL}/checkout/success?orderId=${order[0].id}`,
+      discountId: polarDiscountId,
+      allowDiscountCodes: !polarDiscountId, // Prevent stacking
+      metadata: {
+        orderId: order[0].id,
+        githubUsername: data.githubUsername,
+        referredBy: discountMetadata.referrerId,
+      },
+    });
+
+    return NextResponse.json({
+      checkoutUrl: checkout.url,
+      orderId: order[0].id,
+    });
+
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
+      return NextResponse.json({ error: error.errors }, { status: 400 });
+    }
+    console.error('Checkout error:', error);
+    return NextResponse.json(
+      { error: 'Failed to create checkout' },
+      { status: 500 }
+    );
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Discount Application Order (Critical)
+```
+1. Original price (e.g., $99)
+2. Apply coupon discount FIRST → post-coupon price (e.g., $79)
+3. Apply referral discount SECOND → final price (e.g., $63.20)
+
+Never apply referral to original price if coupon was used!
+```
+
+## Webhook Handling
+
+### Signature Verification
+```typescript
+// app/api/webhooks/polar/route.ts
+import { validateEvent } from '@polar-sh/sdk/webhooks';
+import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
+
+export async function POST(request: Request) {
+  const payload = await request.text();
+  const headers = Object.fromEntries(request.headers);
+  const secret = process.env.POLAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET!;
+
+  let webhookEvent;
+  try {
+    webhookEvent = validateEvent(payload, headers, secret);
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Invalid webhook signature:', error);
+    return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Invalid signature' }, { status: 400 });
+  }
+
+  // Extract event ID for idempotency
+  const parsedPayload = JSON.parse(payload);
+  const eventId = parsedPayload.id || `${parsedPayload.type}-${Date.now()}`;
+
+  // Check for duplicate processing
+  const existingEvent = await db.select()
+    .from(webhookEvents)
+    .where(eq(webhookEvents.eventId, eventId))
+    .limit(1);
+
+  if (existingEvent.length > 0) {
+    console.log(`Duplicate webhook ignored: ${eventId}`);
+    return NextResponse.json({ received: true });
+  }
+
+  // Record event BEFORE processing (idempotency)
+  await db.insert(webhookEvents).values({
+    id: crypto.randomUUID(),
+    provider: 'polar',
+    eventType: webhookEvent.type,
+    eventId,
+    payload,
+    processed: false,
+  });
+
+  try {
+    await handleWebhookEvent(webhookEvent);
+
+    // Mark as processed
+    await db.update(webhookEvents)
+      .set({ processed: true, processedAt: new Date() })
+      .where(eq(webhookEvents.eventId, eventId));
+
+  } catch (error) {
+    // Log error but don't fail the webhook
+    await db.update(webhookEvents)
+      .set({
+        processed: true,
+        processedAt: new Date(),
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error',
+      })
+      .where(eq(webhookEvents.eventId, eventId));
+  }
+
+  return NextResponse.json({ received: true });
+}
+```
+
+### Event Handlers
+```typescript
+async function handleWebhookEvent(event: WebhookEvent) {
+  switch (event.type) {
+    case 'checkout.created':
+      // Order already exists from API - just log
+      console.log(`Checkout created: ${event.data.id}`);
+      break;
+
+    case 'checkout.updated':
+      await handleCheckoutUpdated(event.data);
+      break;
+
+    case 'order.created':
+      await handleOrderCreated(event.data);
+      break;
+
+    case 'order.refunded':
+      await handleOrderRefunded(event.data);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      console.log(`Unhandled event type: ${event.type}`);
+  }
+}
+
+async function handleOrderCreated(order: PolarOrder) {
+  const orderId = order.metadata?.orderId;
+  if (!orderId) {
+    console.error('Order missing orderId in metadata');
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const dbOrder = await db.select()
+    .from(orders)
+    .where(eq(orders.id, orderId))
+    .limit(1);
+
+  if (!dbOrder[0]) {
+    console.error(`Order not found: ${orderId}`);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // 1. Update order status
+  await db.update(orders)
+    .set({
+      status: 'completed',
+      paymentId: order.id,
+      updatedAt: new Date(),
+    })
+    .where(eq(orders.id, orderId));
+
+  // 2. Create license (non-blocking)
+  try {
+    await createLicense(dbOrder[0]);
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to create license:', error);
+  }
+
+  // 3. Send confirmation email (non-blocking)
+  try {
+    await sendOrderConfirmation(dbOrder[0], order);
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to send confirmation:', error);
+  }
+
+  // 4. Create referral commission (non-blocking)
+  if (dbOrder[0].referredBy) {
+    try {
+      await createCommission(dbOrder[0]);
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error('Failed to create commission:', error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 5. Grant GitHub access (non-blocking)
+  try {
+    const metadata = JSON.parse(dbOrder[0].metadata || '{}');
+    await inviteToGitHub(metadata.githubUsername, dbOrder[0].productType);
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to invite to GitHub:', error);
+  }
+
+  // 6. Send Discord notification (non-blocking)
+  try {
+    await sendSalesNotification(dbOrder[0]);
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to send Discord notification:', error);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Status Mapping
+```typescript
+function mapPolarStatusToAppStatus(polarStatus: string): string | null {
+  switch (polarStatus) {
+    case 'succeeded':
+      return 'completed';
+    case 'failed':
+    case 'expired':
+      return 'failed';
+    case 'open':
+    case 'confirmed':
+      return null; // Don't update - still pending
+    default:
+      return null;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Fee Calculation
+
+### Platform Fee Structure (Dec 2025)
+```typescript
+// lib/polar-fees.ts
+interface PolarFeeConfig {
+  basePercentage: number;     // 4%
+  baseFlatCents: number;      // $0.40 per transaction
+  internationalSurcharge: number;  // +1.5% for non-US cards
+  subscriptionSurcharge: number;   // +0.5% (not for one-time)
+}
+
+const POLAR_FEES: PolarFeeConfig = {
+  basePercentage: 0.04,
+  baseFlatCents: 40,
+  internationalSurcharge: 0.015,
+  subscriptionSurcharge: 0.005,
+};
+
+export function calculatePolarFees(
+  amountCents: number,
+  isInternational: boolean = true, // Conservative default
+  isSubscription: boolean = false
+): {
+  baseFee: number;
+  internationalFee: number;
+  subscriptionFee: number;
+  totalFee: number;
+  netRevenue: number;
+} {
+  // Handle zero/negative
+  if (amountCents <= 0) {
+    return { baseFee: 0, internationalFee: 0, subscriptionFee: 0, totalFee: 0, netRevenue: 0 };
+  }
+
+  const baseFee = Math.round(amountCents * POLAR_FEES.basePercentage + POLAR_FEES.baseFlatCents);
+  const internationalFee = isInternational
+    ? Math.round(amountCents * POLAR_FEES.internationalSurcharge)
+    : 0;
+  const subscriptionFee = isSubscription
+    ? Math.round(amountCents * POLAR_FEES.subscriptionSurcharge)
+    : 0;
+
+  const totalFee = baseFee + internationalFee + subscriptionFee;
+  const netRevenue = amountCents - totalFee;
+
+  return { baseFee, internationalFee, subscriptionFee, totalFee, netRevenue };
+}
+
+// Aggregate fees preserve per-transaction flat fees
+export function calculateAggregatePolarFees(transactionAmounts: number[]): {
+  totalFees: number;
+  totalNetRevenue: number;
+} {
+  let totalFees = 0;
+  let totalNetRevenue = 0;
+
+  for (const amount of transactionAmounts) {
+    const { totalFee, netRevenue } = calculatePolarFees(amount);
+    totalFees += totalFee;
+    totalNetRevenue += netRevenue;
+  }
+
+  return { totalFees, totalNetRevenue };
+}
+```
+
+## Discount Management
+
+### Discount Validation with Timeout
+```typescript
+// lib/polar-discounts.ts
+const VALIDATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 15000;
+
+export async function validateDiscount(
+  code: string,
+  productId: string
+): Promise<{ valid: boolean; discount?: PolarDiscount; reason?: string }> {
+  const sanitizedCode = code.trim().toUpperCase();
+  if (!sanitizedCode) {
+    return { valid: false, reason: 'Code cannot be empty' };
+  }
+
+  const polar = getPolar();
+  const env = getPolarEnv();
+
+  try {
+    // Race against timeout
+    const timeoutPromise = new Promise<never>((_, reject) => {
+      setTimeout(() => reject(new Error('Validation timeout')), VALIDATION_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    });
+
+    const searchPromise = polar.discounts.list({
+      organizationId: env.POLAR_ORGANIZATION_ID,
+      query: sanitizedCode,
+      limit: 100,
+    });
+
+    const result = await Promise.race([searchPromise, timeoutPromise]);
+
+    // Find exact match
+    const discount = result.items.find(d =>
+      d.code?.toUpperCase() === sanitizedCode
+    );
+
+    if (!discount) {
+      return { valid: false, reason: 'Code not found' };
+    }
+
+    // Check eligibility
+    const now = new Date();
+    if (discount.startsAt && now < new Date(discount.startsAt)) {
+      return { valid: false, reason: `Code starts on ${discount.startsAt}` };
+    }
+    if (discount.endsAt && now > new Date(discount.endsAt)) {
+      return { valid: false, reason: 'Code has expired' };
+    }
+    if (discount.maxRedemptions && discount.redemptionsCount >= discount.maxRedemptions) {
+      return { valid: false, reason: 'Code redemption limit reached' };
+    }
+    if (!discount.products?.some(p => p.id === productId)) {
+      return { valid: false, reason: 'Code not valid for this product' };
+    }
+
+    return { valid: true, discount };
+
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Discount validation error:', error);
+    return { valid: false, reason: 'Validation failed - please try again' };
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### VND Conversion for Discounts
+```typescript
+const VND_TO_USD_RATE = 25000; // 1 USD = 25,000 VND
+
+export function convertDiscountToVND(discount: PolarDiscount, amountVND: number): number {
+  if (discount.type === 'percentage') {
+    // Basis points: 1000 = 10%, 10000 = 100%
+    const percentage = discount.basisPoints / 10000;
+    return Math.round(amountVND * percentage);
+  } else {
+    // Fixed amount in USD cents → VND
+    const amountUSD = discount.amount / 100;
+    return Math.round(amountUSD * VND_TO_USD_RATE);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Syncing SePay Redemptions to Polar
+```typescript
+// lib/polar-discount-sync.ts
+// When SePay payment completes, decrement Polar discount redemptions
+
+export async function syncPolarDiscountRedemption(
+  orderId: string,
+  discountId: string,
+  discountCode: string
+): Promise<{ success: boolean; action: string }> {
+  const order = await db.select().from(orders).where(eq(orders.id, orderId)).limit(1);
+  if (!order[0]) {
+    return { success: false, action: 'order_not_found' };
+  }
+
+  // Idempotency check
+  const metadata = order[0].metadata ? JSON.parse(order[0].metadata) : {};
+  if (metadata.polarDiscountSynced) {
+    return { success: true, action: 'already_synced' };
+  }
+
+  const polar = getPolar();
+
+  try {
+    const discount = await polar.discounts.get({ id: discountId });
+
+    if (discount.maxRedemptions === null || discount.maxRedemptions === undefined) {
+      return { success: true, action: 'skipped_unlimited' };
+    }
+
+    const currentMax = discount.maxRedemptions;
+
+    if (currentMax <= 1) {
+      await polar.discounts.delete({ id: discountId });
+      await markOrderSynced(orderId, 'deleted');
+    } else {
+      await polar.discounts.update({
+        id: discountId,
+        discountUpdate: { maxRedemptions: currentMax - 1 },
+      });
+      await markOrderSynced(orderId, 'decremented');
+    }
+
+    return { success: true, action: currentMax <= 1 ? 'deleted' : 'decremented' };
+
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    if (error.statusCode === 404) {
+      // Already deleted - treat as success
+      await markOrderSynced(orderId, 'already_deleted');
+      return { success: true, action: 'already_deleted' };
+    }
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+async function markOrderSynced(orderId: string, action: string) {
+  const order = await db.select().from(orders).where(eq(orders.id, orderId)).limit(1);
+  const metadata = order[0].metadata ? JSON.parse(order[0].metadata) : {};
+
+  metadata.polarDiscountSynced = true;
+  metadata.polarDiscountSyncAction = action;
+  metadata.polarDiscountSyncedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+
+  await db.update(orders)
+    .set({ metadata: JSON.stringify(metadata) })
+    .where(eq(orders.id, orderId));
+}
+```
+
+## Revenue Tracking with Caching
+
+```typescript
+// lib/polar.ts
+const REVENUE_CACHE_TTL_MS = 5 * 60 * 1000; // 5 minutes
+
+let revenueCache: {
+  data: { totalRevenueCents: number; orderCount: number } | null;
+  timestamp: number;
+} = { data: null, timestamp: 0 };
+
+export async function getPolarApiRevenue(): Promise<{
+  totalRevenueCents: number;
+  orderCount: number;
+  fromCache: boolean;
+}> {
+  const now = Date.now();
+
+  // Return cache if valid
+  if (revenueCache.data && now - revenueCache.timestamp < REVENUE_CACHE_TTL_MS) {
+    return { ...revenueCache.data, fromCache: true };
+  }
+
+  const polar = getPolar();
+  const env = getPolarEnv();
+
+  try {
+    let totalRevenueCents = 0;
+    let orderCount = 0;
+    let page = 1;
+    const maxPages = 100; // Safety limit
+
+    while (page <= maxPages) {
+      const response = await polar.orders.list({
+        organizationId: env.POLAR_ORGANIZATION_ID,
+        page,
+        limit: 100,
+      });
+
+      for (const order of response.items) {
+        if (order.status === 'succeeded') {
+          totalRevenueCents += order.netAmount; // After discounts, before tax
+          orderCount++;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!response.pagination.hasMore) break;
+      page++;
+    }
+
+    revenueCache = { data: { totalRevenueCents, orderCount }, timestamp: now };
+    return { totalRevenueCents, orderCount, fromCache: false };
+
+  } catch (error) {
+    // Return stale cache on error
+    if (revenueCache.data) {
+      console.warn('Using stale revenue cache due to API error');
+      return { ...revenueCache.data, fromCache: true };
+    }
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Error Handling Patterns
+
+### Fail-Open for Non-Critical Operations
+```typescript
+// Discount creation fails → proceed with full price
+try {
+  const discount = await createReferralDiscount(productId, amount, referralCode);
+  polarDiscountId = discount.id;
+} catch (error) {
+  console.error('⚠️ Discount creation failed - proceeding with full price:', error);
+  // Flag for manual refund investigation
+  await flagOrderForReview(orderId, 'discount_creation_failed');
+}
+```
+
+### Graceful Degradation in Webhooks
+```typescript
+// Non-critical operations don't block order completion
+const operations = [
+  { name: 'GitHub invite', fn: () => inviteToGitHub(username, productType) },
+  { name: 'Welcome email', fn: () => sendWelcomeEmail(order) },
+  { name: 'Discord notification', fn: () => sendSalesNotification(order) },
+  { name: 'Tier update', fn: () => updateReferrerTier(referrerId, revenueUsd) },
+];
+
+for (const op of operations) {
+  try {
+    await op.fn();
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error(`❌ ${op.name} failed:`, error);
+    // Continue processing - don't block order
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Rate Limit Handling with Exponential Backoff
+```typescript
+async function callWithRetry<T>(
+  fn: () => Promise<T>,
+  maxRetries: number = 3
+): Promise<T> {
+  let attempt = 0;
+
+  while (attempt < maxRetries) {
+    try {
+      return await fn();
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      if (error.statusCode === 429) {
+        const retryAfter = parseInt(error.headers?.['retry-after'] || '1', 10);
+        const delay = retryAfter * 1000 * Math.pow(2, attempt);
+        console.log(`Rate limited, retrying in ${delay}ms...`);
+        await sleep(delay);
+        attempt++;
+      } else {
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw new Error('Max retries exceeded');
+}
+```
+
+## Database Schema
+
+### Orders Table
+```typescript
+// db/schema/orders.ts
+export const orders = pgTable('orders', {
+  id: uuid('id').primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
+  userId: uuid('user_id').references(() => users.id),
+  email: text('email').notNull(),
+  productType: text('product_type').notNull(),
+  amount: integer('amount').notNull(), // Final amount in cents
+  originalAmount: integer('original_amount'), // Before discounts
+  currency: text('currency').default('USD'),
+  status: text('status').default('pending'), // pending, completed, failed, refunded
+  paymentProvider: text('payment_provider').notNull(), // 'polar' or 'sepay'
+  paymentId: text('payment_id'), // External payment ID
+  referredBy: uuid('referred_by').references(() => users.id),
+  discountAmount: integer('discount_amount').default(0),
+  discountRate: numeric('discount_rate', { precision: 5, scale: 2 }),
+  metadata: text('metadata'), // JSON with audit trail
+  createdAt: timestamp('created_at').defaultNow(),
+  updatedAt: timestamp('updated_at').defaultNow(),
+});
+```
+
+### Webhook Events Table (Idempotency)
+```typescript
+export const webhookEvents = pgTable('webhook_events', {
+  id: uuid('id').primaryKey().defaultRandom(),
+  provider: text('provider').notNull(), // 'polar' or 'sepay'
+  eventType: text('event_type').notNull(),
+  eventId: text('event_id').notNull().unique(), // Idempotency key
+  payload: text('payload').notNull(),
+  processed: boolean('processed').default(false),
+  processedAt: timestamp('processed_at'),
+  error: text('error'),
+  createdAt: timestamp('created_at').defaultNow(),
+});
+```
+
+## Metadata Best Practices
+
+### Comprehensive Audit Trail
+```typescript
+// Store everything needed for debugging and reconciliation
+metadata: JSON.stringify({
+  // Pricing history
+  originalAmount: 9900,
+
+  // Coupon tracking
+  couponCode: 'LAUNCH20',
+  couponDiscountAmount: 1980,
+
+  // Referral tracking
+  referralCode: 'ABC12345',
+  referralDiscountAmount: 1584,
+  referrerId: 'user-uuid',
+
+  // Customer context
+  githubUsername: 'customer',
+
+  // Polar integration
+  polarDiscountId: 'disc_xxx',
+  polarDiscountSynced: true,
+  polarDiscountSyncAction: 'decremented',
+  polarDiscountSyncedAt: '2025-01-15T10:30:00Z',
+
+  // Team context (if applicable)
+  isTeamPurchase: false,
+  teamId: null,
+  quantity: 1,
+})
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+### Unit Tests for Fee Calculation
+```typescript
+// __tests__/lib/polar-fees.test.ts
+describe('calculatePolarFees', () => {
+  it('handles zero amount', () => {
+    const result = calculatePolarFees(0);
+    expect(result.totalFee).toBe(0);
+    expect(result.netRevenue).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('calculates international one-time correctly', () => {
+    // $100 transaction
+    const result = calculatePolarFees(10000, true, false);
+    expect(result.baseFee).toBe(440);        // 4% + $0.40
+    expect(result.internationalFee).toBe(150); // 1.5%
+    expect(result.totalFee).toBe(590);
+    expect(result.netRevenue).toBe(9410);    // $94.10
+  });
+
+  it('preserves per-transaction flat fees in aggregate', () => {
+    // Two $100 transactions should each have $0.40 flat fee
+    const aggregate = calculateAggregatePolarFees([10000, 10000]);
+    const single = calculatePolarFees(20000);
+
+    expect(aggregate.totalFees).toBeGreaterThan(single.totalFee);
+    // Difference should be one extra flat fee ($0.40)
+    expect(aggregate.totalFees - single.totalFee).toBe(40);
+  });
+});
+```
+
+## Production Checklist
+
+- [ ] Environment variables configured in all environments
+- [ ] Sandbox testing completed for all checkout flows
+- [ ] Production API key obtained and secured
+- [ ] Webhook endpoint deployed and reachable
+- [ ] Webhook signature verification implemented
+- [ ] Idempotency handling tested with duplicate webhooks
+- [ ] Fee calculations verified against Polar dashboard
+- [ ] Discount validation timeout configured
+- [ ] Error monitoring enabled (Sentry, etc.)
+- [ ] Structured logging in place
+- [ ] Database indexes on orders.status, orders.paymentProvider
+- [ ] Revenue caching configured
+- [ ] Rate limit handling implemented
+- [ ] Fail-open patterns for non-critical operations
+- [ ] Customer email notifications working
+- [ ] Refund flow tested end-to-end
+- [ ] GitHub access grant/revoke tested
+- [ ] Discord sales notifications configured
+
+## Common Pitfalls
+
+1. **Applying discounts in wrong order** - Always coupon first, then referral
+2. **Trusting success redirect without verification** - Always verify via API or webhook
+3. **Not handling duplicate webhooks** - Use eventId for idempotency
+4. **Blocking webhook on non-critical failures** - Wrap in try-catch, log, continue
+5. **Hardcoding Polar customer IDs** - Use external_id (your user ID) for lookups
+6. **Not setting timeout on discount validation** - API can be slow
+7. **Calculating aggregate fees as single transaction** - Each transaction has flat fee
+8. **Exposing API keys client-side** - Always server-side
+9. **Not preserving original amount in metadata** - Need for audit/debugging
+10. **Syncing discount redemptions synchronously** - Can fail; use retry with backoff