@simplysm/orm-common 13.0.83 → 13.0.85

package/dist/expr/expr.d.ts

@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ export declare const expr: {
      *
      * Widen to base type matching dataType, remove literal type
      *
-     * @param dataType - Value의 data type ("string", "number", "boolean", "DateTime", "DateOnly", "Time", "Uuid", "Buffer")
-     * @param value - 래핑할 value (undefined allow)
-     * @returns 래핑된 ExprUnit instance
+     * @param dataType - The data type of the value ("string", "number", "boolean", "DateTime", "DateOnly", "Time", "Uuid", "Buffer")
+     * @param value - Value to wrap (undefined allowed)
+     * @returns Wrapped ExprUnit instance
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -185,16 +185,16 @@ export declare const expr: {
     /**
      * range comparison (BETWEEN)
      *
-     * from/to가 undefined이면 해당 방향은 무제한
+     * If from/to is undefined, that direction is unbounded
      *
      * @param source - Column or expression to compare
-     * @param from - start value (undefined이면 하한 N/A)
-     * @param to - 끝 value (undefined이면 상한 N/A)
+     * @param from - Start value (no lower bound if undefined)
+     * @param to - End value (no upper bound if undefined)
      * @returns WHERE condition expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
-     * // range 지정
+     * // Specify range
      * db.user().where((u) => [expr.between(u.age, 18, 65)])
      * // WHERE age BETWEEN 18 AND 65
      *
@@ -205,9 +205,9 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     between<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(source: ExprUnit<T>, from?: ExprInput<T>, to?: ExprInput<T>): WhereExprUnit;
     /**
-     * NULL 체크 (IS NULL)
+     * NULL check (IS NULL)
      *
-     * @param source - 체크할 column 또는 expression
+     * @param source - Column or expression to check
      * @returns WHERE condition expression
      *
      * @example
@@ -218,33 +218,33 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     null<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(source: ExprUnit<T>): WhereExprUnit;
     /**
-     * LIKE pattern 매칭
+     * LIKE pattern matching
      *
-     * `%`는 0개 이상의 문자, `_`는 단일 문자와 매칭.
-     * 특수문자는 `\`로 escape됨
+     * `%` matches zero or more characters, `_` matches a single character.
+     * Special characters are escaped with `\`
      *
-     * @param source - 검색할 column 또는 expression
-     * @param pattern - 검색 pattern (%, _ wildcard 사용 가능)
+     * @param source - Column or expression to search
+     * @param pattern - Search pattern (%, _ wildcards available)
      * @returns WHERE condition expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
-     * // 접두사 검색
+     * // Prefix search
      * db.user().where((u) => [expr.like(u.name, "John%")])
      * // WHERE name LIKE 'John%' ESCAPE '\'
      *
-     * // include 검색
+     * // Contains search
      * db.user().where((u) => [expr.like(u.email, "%@gmail.com")])
      * ```
      */
     like(source: ExprUnit<string | undefined>, pattern: ExprInput<string | undefined>): WhereExprUnit;
     /**
-     * regular expression pattern 매칭
+     * Regular expression pattern matching
      *
-     * DBMS별 regular expression 문법 차이 주의 필요
+     * Note: regex syntax may differ between DBMS implementations
      *
-     * @param source - 검색할 column 또는 expression
-     * @param pattern - regular expression pattern
+     * @param source - Column or expression to search
+     * @param pattern - Regular expression pattern
      * @returns WHERE condition expression
      *
      * @example
@@ -255,10 +255,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     regexp(source: ExprUnit<string | undefined>, pattern: ExprInput<string | undefined>): WhereExprUnit;
     /**
-     * IN operator - Value 목록과 comparison
+     * IN operator - Compare against a list of values
      *
      * @param source - Column or expression to compare
-     * @param values - 비교할 value 목록
+     * @param values - List of values to compare against
      * @returns WHERE condition expression
      *
      * @example
@@ -269,14 +269,14 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     in<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(source: ExprUnit<T>, values: ExprInput<T>[]): WhereExprUnit;
     /**
-     * IN (SELECT ...) - Subquery 결과와 comparison
+     * IN (SELECT ...) - Compare against subquery results
      *
-     * Subquery는 반드시 단일 column만 SELECT해야 함
+     * The subquery must SELECT only a single column
      *
      * @param source - Column or expression to compare
-     * @param query - 단일 column을 반환하는 Queryable
+     * @param query - Queryable that returns a single column
      * @returns WHERE condition expression
-     * @throws {Error} Subquery가 단일 column이 아닌 경우
+     * @throws {Error} When the subquery does not return a single column
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -293,16 +293,16 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     inQuery<T extends ColumnPrimitive, TData extends Record<string, T>>(source: ExprUnit<T>, query: Queryable<TData, any>): WhereExprUnit;
     /**
-     * EXISTS (SELECT ...) - Subquery result 존재 여부 확인
+     * EXISTS (SELECT ...) - Check if subquery returns any rows
      *
-     * Subquery가 하나 이상의 행을 반환하면 true
+     * Returns true if the subquery returns one or more rows
      *
-     * @param query - 존재 여부를 확인할 Queryable
+     * @param query - Queryable to check for existence
      * @returns WHERE condition expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
-     * // 주문이 있는 사용자 조회
+     * // Query users who have orders
      * db.user().where((u) => [
      *   expr.exists(
      *     db.order().where((o) => [expr.eq(o.userId, u.id)])
@@ -313,10 +313,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     exists(query: Queryable<any, any>): WhereExprUnit;
     /**
-     * NOT operator - Condition 부정
+     * NOT operator - Negate a condition
      *
-     * @param arg - 부정할 condition
-     * @returns 부정된 WHERE condition expression
+     * @param arg - Condition to negate
+     * @returns Negated WHERE condition expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -326,12 +326,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     not(arg: WhereExprUnit): WhereExprUnit;
     /**
-     * AND operator - 모든 condition 충족
+     * AND operator - All conditions must be satisfied
      *
-     * 여러 조건을 AND로 결합. where() 메서드에 배열로 전달하면 automatic으로 AND applied
+     * Combines multiple conditions with AND. Passing an array to where() automatically applies AND
      *
-     * @param conditions - AND로 결합할 condition 목록
-     * @returns 결합된 WHERE condition expression
+     * @param conditions - List of conditions to combine with AND
+     * @returns Combined WHERE condition expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -346,10 +346,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     and(conditions: WhereExprUnit[]): WhereExprUnit;
     /**
-     * OR operator - 하나 이상의 condition 충족
+     * OR operator - At least one condition must be satisfied
      *
-     * @param conditions - OR로 결합할 condition 목록
-     * @returns 결합된 WHERE condition expression
+     * @param conditions - List of conditions to combine with OR
+     * @returns Combined WHERE condition expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -364,12 +364,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     or(conditions: WhereExprUnit[]): WhereExprUnit;
     /**
-     * 문자열 연결 (CONCAT)
+     * String concatenation (CONCAT)
      *
-     * NULL 값은 빈 문자열로 processing됨 (DBMS별 automatic Transform)
+     * NULL values are treated as empty strings (auto-transformed per DBMS)
      *
-     * @param args - 연결할 문자열들
-     * @returns 연결된 문자열 expression
+     * @param args - Strings to concatenate
+     * @returns Concatenated string expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -381,11 +381,11 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     concat(...args: ExprInput<string | undefined>[]): ExprUnit<string>;
     /**
-     * 문자열 왼쪽에서 지정 길이만큼 추출 (LEFT)
+     * Extract specified length from the left of a string (LEFT)
      *
-     * @param source - original string
-     * @param length - 추출할 문자 수
-     * @returns 추출된 문자열 expression
+     * @param source - Original string
+     * @param length - Number of characters to extract
+     * @returns Extracted string expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -397,11 +397,11 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     left<T extends string | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>, length: ExprInput<number>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 문자열 오른쪽에서 지정 길이만큼 추출 (RIGHT)
+     * Extract specified length from the right of a string (RIGHT)
      *
-     * @param source - original string
-     * @param length - 추출할 문자 수
-     * @returns 추출된 문자열 expression
+     * @param source - Original string
+     * @param length - Number of characters to extract
+     * @returns Extracted string expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -413,10 +413,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     right<T extends string | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>, length: ExprInput<number>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 문자열 양쪽 공백 Remove (TRIM)
+     * Remove whitespace from both sides of a string (TRIM)
      *
-     * @param source - original string
-     * @returns 공백이 제거된 문자열 expression
+     * @param source - Original string
+     * @returns String expression with whitespace removed
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -428,14 +428,14 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     trim<T extends string | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 문자열 왼쪽 패딩 (LPAD)
+     * Left padding (LPAD)
      *
-     * 지정 길이가 될 때까지 왼쪽에 fillString loop Add
+     * Repeatedly adds fillString on the left until the target length is reached
      *
-     * @param source - original string
-     * @param length - 목표 길이
-     * @param fillString - 패딩에 사용할 문자열
-     * @returns 패딩된 문자열 expression
+     * @param source - Original string
+     * @param length - Target length
+     * @param fillString - String to use for padding
+     * @returns Padded string expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -448,12 +448,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     padStart<T extends string | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>, length: ExprInput<number>, fillString: ExprInput<string>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 문자열 치환 (REPLACE)
+     * String replacement (REPLACE)
      *
-     * @param source - original string
-     * @param from - 찾을 문자열
-     * @param to - 대체할 문자열
-     * @returns 치환된 문자열 expression
+     * @param source - Original string
+     * @param from - String to find
+     * @param to - Replacement string
+     * @returns Replaced string expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -465,10 +465,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     replace<T extends string | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>, from: ExprInput<string>, to: ExprInput<string>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 문자열 대문자 Transform (UPPER)
+     * Convert string to uppercase (UPPER)
      *
-     * @param source - original string
-     * @returns 대문자로 Transform된 문자열 expression
+     * @param source - Original string
+     * @returns Uppercase string expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -480,10 +480,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     upper<T extends string | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 문자열 소문자 Transform (LOWER)
+     * Convert string to lowercase (LOWER)
      *
-     * @param source - original string
-     * @returns 소문자로 Transform된 문자열 expression
+     * @param source - Original string
+     * @returns Lowercase string expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -495,10 +495,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     lower<T extends string | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 문자열 길이 (문자 수)
+     * String length (character count)
      *
-     * @param source - original string
-     * @returns 문자 수
+     * @param source - Original string
+     * @returns Character count
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -510,12 +510,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     length(source: ExprUnit<string | undefined>): ExprUnit<number>;
     /**
-     * 문자열 바이트 길이
+     * String byte length
      *
-     * UTF-8 환경에서 한글은 3바이트
+     * In UTF-8, CJK characters are 3 bytes each
      *
-     * @param source - original string
-     * @returns 바이트 수
+     * @param source - Original string
+     * @returns Byte count
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -527,19 +527,19 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     byteLength(source: ExprUnit<string | undefined>): ExprUnit<number>;
     /**
-     * 문자열 일부 추출 (SUBSTRING)
+     * Extract part of a string (SUBSTRING)
      *
-     * SQL 표준에 따라 1-based index 사용
+     * Uses 1-based index per SQL standard
      *
-     * @param source - original string
-     * @param start - start 위치 (1부터 start)
-     * @param length - 추출할 길이 (생략 시 끝까지)
-     * @returns 추출된 문자열 expression
+     * @param source - Original string
+     * @param start - Start position (starting from 1)
+     * @param length - Length to extract (to the end if omitted)
+     * @returns Extracted string expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
      * db.user().select((u) => ({
-     *   // "Hello World"에서 Index 1부터 5글자: "Hello"
+     *   // From "Hello World", 5 characters starting at index 1: "Hello"
      *   prefix: expr.substring(u.name, 1, 5),
      * }))
      * // SELECT SUBSTRING(name, 1, 5) AS prefix
@@ -547,13 +547,13 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     substring<T extends string | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>, start: ExprInput<number>, length?: ExprInput<number>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 문자열 내 위치 찾기 (LOCATE/CHARINDEX)
+     * Find position within a string (LOCATE/CHARINDEX)
      *
-     * 1-based index return, 없으면 0 return
+     * Returns 1-based index, or 0 if not found
      *
-     * @param source - 검색할 문자열
-     * @param search - 찾을 문자열
-     * @returns 위치 (1부터 start, 없으면 0)
+     * @param source - String to search in
+     * @param search - String to find
+     * @returns Position (starting from 1, 0 if not found)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -566,10 +566,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     indexOf(source: ExprUnit<string | undefined>, search: ExprInput<string>): ExprUnit<number>;
     /**
-     * 절대값 (ABS)
+     * Absolute value (ABS)
      *
-     * @param source - 원본 Number
-     * @returns 절대값 expression
+     * @param source - Original number
+     * @returns Absolute value expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -581,11 +581,11 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     abs<T extends number | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 반올림 (ROUND)
+     * Round (ROUND)
      *
-     * @param source - 원본 Number
-     * @param digits - 소수점 이하 자릿수
-     * @returns 반올림된 Number expression
+     * @param source - Original number
+     * @param digits - Number of decimal places
+     * @returns Rounded number expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -598,10 +598,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     round<T extends number | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>, digits: number): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 올림 (CEILING)
+     * Ceiling (CEILING)
      *
-     * @param source - 원본 Number
-     * @returns 올림된 Number expression
+     * @param source - Original number
+     * @returns Ceiling number expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -614,10 +614,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     ceil<T extends number | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 버림 (FLOOR)
+     * Floor (FLOOR)
      *
-     * @param source - 원본 Number
-     * @returns 버림된 Number expression
+     * @param source - Original number
+     * @returns Floor number expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -630,10 +630,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     floor<T extends number | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 연도 추출 (YEAR)
+     * Extract year (YEAR)
      *
-     * @param source - DateTime 또는 DateOnly expression
-     * @returns 연도 (4자리 Number)
+     * @param source - DateTime or DateOnly expression
+     * @returns Year (4-digit number)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -645,10 +645,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     year<T extends DateTime | DateOnly | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T extends undefined ? undefined : number>;
     /**
-     * 월 추출 (MONTH)
+     * Extract month (MONTH)
      *
-     * @param source - DateTime 또는 DateOnly expression
-     * @returns 월 (1~12)
+     * @param source - DateTime or DateOnly expression
+     * @returns Month (1~12)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -660,10 +660,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     month<T extends DateTime | DateOnly | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T extends undefined ? undefined : number>;
     /**
-     * 일 추출 (DAY)
+     * Extract day (DAY)
      *
-     * @param source - DateTime 또는 DateOnly expression
-     * @returns 일 (1~31)
+     * @param source - DateTime or DateOnly expression
+     * @returns Day (1~31)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -675,10 +675,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     day<T extends DateTime | DateOnly | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T extends undefined ? undefined : number>;
     /**
-     * 시 추출 (HOUR)
+     * Extract hour (HOUR)
      *
-     * @param source - DateTime 또는 Time expression
-     * @returns 시 (0~23)
+     * @param source - DateTime or Time expression
+     * @returns Hour (0~23)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -690,10 +690,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     hour<T extends DateTime | Time | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T extends undefined ? undefined : number>;
     /**
-     * 분 추출 (MINUTE)
+     * Extract minute (MINUTE)
      *
-     * @param source - DateTime 또는 Time expression
-     * @returns 분 (0~59)
+     * @param source - DateTime or Time expression
+     * @returns Minute (0~59)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -705,10 +705,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     minute<T extends DateTime | Time | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T extends undefined ? undefined : number>;
     /**
-     * 초 추출 (SECOND)
+     * Extract second (SECOND)
      *
-     * @param source - DateTime 또는 Time expression
-     * @returns 초 (0~59)
+     * @param source - DateTime or Time expression
+     * @returns Second (0~59)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -720,12 +720,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     second<T extends DateTime | Time | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T extends undefined ? undefined : number>;
     /**
-     * ISO 주차 추출
+     * Extract ISO week number
      *
-     * ISO 8601 기준 주차 (월요일 start, 1~53)
+     * ISO 8601 week number (starts Monday, 1~53)
      *
      * @param source - DateOnly expression
-     * @returns ISO 주차 번호
+     * @returns ISO week number
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -737,29 +737,29 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     isoWeek<T extends DateOnly | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T extends undefined ? undefined : number>;
     /**
-     * ISO 주 시작일 (월요일)
+     * ISO week start date (Monday)
      *
-     * 해당 Date가 속한 주의 월요일 return
+     * Returns the Monday of the week the given date belongs to
      *
      * @param source - DateOnly expression
-     * @returns 주의 start Date (월요일)
+     * @returns Week start date (Monday)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
      * db.order().select((o) => ({
      *   weekStart: expr.isoWeekStartDate(o.orderDate),
      * }))
-     * // 2024-01-10 (수) → 2024-01-08 (월)
+     * // 2024-01-10 (Wed) → 2024-01-08 (Mon)
      * ```
      */
     isoWeekStartDate<T extends DateOnly | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * ISO 연월 (해당 월의 1일)
+     * ISO year-month (first day of the month)
      *
-     * 해당 Date의 월 첫째 날 return
+     * Returns the first day of the month for the given date
      *
      * @param source - DateOnly expression
-     * @returns 월의 첫째 날
+     * @returns First day of the month
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -771,12 +771,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     isoYearMonth<T extends DateOnly | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * Date 차이 계산 (DATEDIFF)
+     * Calculate date difference (DATEDIFF)
      *
-     * @param unit - 단위 ("year", "month", "day", "hour", "minute", "second")
-     * @param from - start Date
-     * @param to - 끝 Date
-     * @returns 차이 value (to - from)
+     * @param unit - Unit ("year", "month", "day", "hour", "minute", "second")
+     * @param from - Start date
+     * @param to - End date
+     * @returns Difference value (to - from)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -788,12 +788,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     dateDiff<T extends DateTime | DateOnly | Time | undefined>(unit: DateUnit, from: ExprInput<T>, to: ExprInput<T>): ExprUnit<T extends undefined ? undefined : number>;
     /**
-     * Date 더하기 (DATEADD)
+     * Add to date (DATEADD)
      *
-     * @param unit - 단위 ("year", "month", "day", "hour", "minute", "second")
-     * @param source - 원본 Date
-     * @param value - 더할 value (음수 가능)
-     * @returns 계산된 Date
+     * @param unit - Unit ("year", "month", "day", "hour", "minute", "second")
+     * @param source - Original date
+     * @param value - Value to add (negative allowed)
+     * @returns Calculated date
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -805,13 +805,13 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     dateAdd<T extends DateTime | DateOnly | Time | undefined>(unit: DateUnit, source: ExprUnit<T>, value: ExprInput<number>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * Date 포맷 (DATE_FORMAT)
+     * Date format (DATE_FORMAT)
      *
-     * DBMS별로 포맷 문자열 규칙이 다를 수 있음
+     * Format string rules may differ between DBMS implementations
      *
      * @param source - Date expression
-     * @param format - 포맷 문자열 (예: "%Y-%m-%d")
-     * @returns 포맷된 문자열 expression
+     * @param format - Format string (e.g., "%Y-%m-%d")
+     * @returns Formatted string expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -824,12 +824,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     formatDate<T extends DateTime | DateOnly | Time | undefined>(source: ExprUnit<T>, format: string): ExprUnit<T extends undefined ? undefined : string>;
     /**
-     * NULL 대체 (COALESCE/IFNULL)
+     * NULL replacement (COALESCE/IFNULL)
      *
-     * 첫 번째 non-null 값을 return. 마지막 인자가 non-nullable이면 결과도 non-nullable
+     * Returns the first non-null value. If the last argument is non-nullable, the result is also non-nullable
      *
-     * @param args - Inspect할 값들 (마지막은 Default value)
-     * @returns 첫 번째 non-null value
+     * @param args - Values to inspect (last is default value)
+     * @returns First non-null value
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -841,18 +841,18 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     coalesce: typeof coalesce;
     /**
-     * 특정 값이면 NULL return (NULLIF)
+     * Return NULL if value matches (NULLIF)
      *
-     * source === value 이면 NULL return, 아니면 source return
+     * Returns NULL if source === value, otherwise returns source
      *
-     * @param source - 원본 value
-     * @param value - 비교할 value
-     * @returns NULL 또는 원본 value
+     * @param source - Original value
+     * @param value - Value to compare
+     * @returns NULL or original value
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
      * db.user().select((u) => ({
-     *   // 빈 문자열을 NULL로 Transform
+     *   // Convert empty string to NULL
      *   bio: expr.nullIf(u.bio, ""),
      * }))
      * // SELECT NULLIF(bio, '') AS bio
@@ -860,11 +860,11 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     nullIf<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(source: ExprUnit<T>, value: ExprInput<T>): ExprUnit<T | undefined>;
     /**
-     * WHERE 표현식을 boolean으로 Transform
+     * Transform WHERE expression to boolean
      *
-     * SELECT 절에서 condition 결과를 boolean column으로 사용할 때 사용
+     * Used when condition results should be used as a boolean column in SELECT clause
      *
-     * @param condition - Transform할 condition
+     * @param condition - Condition to transform
      * @returns boolean expression
      *
      * @example
@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ export declare const expr: {
     /**
      * CASE WHEN expression builder
      *
-     * 체이닝 방식으로 condition 분기를 구성
+     * Build conditional branches using method chaining
      *
      * @returns SwitchExprBuilder instance
      *
@@ -897,12 +897,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     switch<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(): SwitchExprBuilder<T>;
     /**
-     * 단순 IF condition (삼항 operator)
+     * Simple IF condition (ternary operator)
      *
      * @param condition - Condition
-     * @param then - Condition이 참일 때 value
-     * @param else_ - Condition이 거짓일 때 value
-     * @returns 조건부 value expression
+     * @param then - Value when condition is true
+     * @param else_ - Value when condition is false
+     * @returns Conditional value expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -914,18 +914,18 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     if<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(condition: WhereExprUnit, then: ExprInput<T>, else_: ExprInput<T>): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * row 수 카운트 (COUNT)
+     * Count rows (COUNT)
      *
-     * @param arg - 카운트할 column (생략 시 전체 row 수)
-     * @param distinct - true면 중복 Remove
-     * @returns row 수
+     * @param arg - Column to count (all rows if omitted)
+     * @param distinct - If true, remove duplicates
+     * @returns Row count
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
-     * // 전체 row 수
+     * // Total row count
      * db.user().select(() => ({ total: expr.count() }))
      *
-     * // 중복 Remove 카운트
+     * // Distinct count
      * db.order().select((o) => ({
      *   uniqueCustomers: expr.count(o.customerId, true),
      * }))
@@ -933,12 +933,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     count(arg?: ExprUnit<ColumnPrimitive>, distinct?: boolean): ExprUnit<number>;
     /**
-     * 합계 (SUM)
+     * Sum (SUM)
      *
-     * NULL 값은 무시됨. 모든 값이 NULL이면 NULL return
+     * NULL values are ignored. Returns NULL if all values are NULL
      *
-     * @param arg - 합계를 구할 Number column
-     * @returns 합계 (또는 NULL)
+     * @param arg - Number column to sum
+     * @returns Sum (or NULL)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -950,12 +950,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     sum(arg: ExprUnit<number | undefined>): ExprUnit<number | undefined>;
     /**
-     * 평균 (AVG)
+     * Average (AVG)
      *
-     * NULL 값은 무시됨. 모든 값이 NULL이면 NULL return
+     * NULL values are ignored. Returns NULL if all values are NULL
      *
-     * @param arg - 평균을 구할 Number column
-     * @returns 평균 (또는 NULL)
+     * @param arg - Number column to average
+     * @returns Average (or NULL)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -967,12 +967,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     avg(arg: ExprUnit<number | undefined>): ExprUnit<number | undefined>;
     /**
-     * 최대값 (MAX)
+     * Maximum value (MAX)
      *
-     * NULL 값은 무시됨. 모든 값이 NULL이면 NULL return
+     * NULL values are ignored. Returns NULL if all values are NULL
      *
-     * @param arg - 최대값을 구할 column
-     * @returns 최대값 (또는 NULL)
+     * @param arg - Column to find maximum of
+     * @returns Maximum value (or NULL)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -984,12 +984,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     max<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(arg: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T | undefined>;
     /**
-     * 최소값 (MIN)
+     * Minimum value (MIN)
      *
-     * NULL 값은 무시됨. 모든 값이 NULL이면 NULL return
+     * NULL values are ignored. Returns NULL if all values are NULL
      *
-     * @param arg - 최소값을 구할 column
-     * @returns 최소값 (또는 NULL)
+     * @param arg - Column to find minimum of
+     * @returns Minimum value (or NULL)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1001,10 +1001,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     min<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(arg: ExprUnit<T>): ExprUnit<T | undefined>;
     /**
-     * 여러 value 중 최대값 (GREATEST)
+     * Greatest value among multiple values (GREATEST)
      *
-     * @param args - 비교할 값들
-     * @returns 최대값
+     * @param args - Values to compare
+     * @returns Greatest value
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1016,10 +1016,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     greatest<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(...args: ExprInput<T>[]): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * 여러 value 중 최소값 (LEAST)
+     * Least value among multiple values (LEAST)
      *
-     * @param args - 비교할 값들
-     * @returns 최소값
+     * @param args - Values to compare
+     * @returns Least value
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1031,9 +1031,9 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     least<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(...args: ExprInput<T>[]): ExprUnit<T>;
     /**
-     * row 번호 (ROW_NUMBER 없이 전체 행에 대한 순번)
+     * Row number (sequential number for all rows without ROW_NUMBER)
      *
-     * @returns row 번호 (1부터 start)
+     * @returns Row number (starting from 1)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1045,15 +1045,15 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     rowNum(): ExprUnit<number>;
     /**
-     * 난수 Generate (RAND/RANDOM)
+     * Generate random number (RAND/RANDOM)
      *
-     * 0~1 사이의 난수 return. ORDER BY에서 랜덤 정렬용으로 주로 사용
+     * Returns a random number between 0 and 1. Mainly used for random ordering in ORDER BY
      *
-     * @returns 0~1 사이의 난수
+     * @returns Random number between 0 and 1
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
-     * // 랜덤 sorting
+     * // Random sorting
      * db.user().orderBy(() => expr.random()).limit(10)
      * ```
      */
@@ -1061,9 +1061,9 @@ export declare const expr: {
     /**
      * type transformation (CAST)
      *
-     * @param source - Transform할 expression
-     * @param targetType - 대상 data type
-     * @returns Transform된 expression
+     * @param source - Expression to transform
+     * @param targetType - Target data type
+     * @returns Transformed expression
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1075,12 +1075,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     cast<T extends ColumnPrimitive, TDataType extends DataType>(source: ExprUnit<T>, targetType: TDataType): ExprUnit<T extends undefined ? undefined : InferColumnPrimitiveFromDataType<TDataType>>;
     /**
-     * 스칼라 Subquery - SELECT 절에서 단일 value return Subquery
+     * Scalar Subquery - Subquery that returns a single value in SELECT clause
      *
-     * Subquery는 반드시 단일 row, 단일 column을 반환해야 함
+     * The subquery must return exactly one row and one column
      *
      * @param dataType - Data type of the returned value
-     * @param queryable - 스칼라 값을 반환하는 Queryable
+     * @param queryable - Queryable that returns a scalar value
      * @returns Subquery result expression
      *
      * @example
@@ -1101,12 +1101,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
         getSelectQueryDef(): SelectQueryDef;
     }): ExprUnit<ColumnPrimitiveMap[TStr] | undefined>;
     /**
-     * ROW_NUMBER() - 파티션 내 row 번호
+     * ROW_NUMBER() - Row number within a partition
      *
-     * 각 파티션 내에서 1부터 시작하는 sequential 번호 부여
+     * Assigns sequential numbers starting from 1 within each partition
      *
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @returns row 번호 (1부터 start)
+     * @returns Row number (starting from 1)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1122,10 +1122,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     rowNumber(spec: WinSpecInput): ExprUnit<number>;
     /**
-     * RANK() - 파티션 내 순위 (동점 시 같은 순위, 다음 순위 건너뜀)
+     * RANK() - Rank within a partition (ties get same rank, next rank is skipped)
      *
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @returns 순위 (동점 후 건너뜀: 1, 1, 3)
+     * @returns Rank (skips after ties: 1, 1, 3)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1139,10 +1139,10 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     rank(spec: WinSpecInput): ExprUnit<number>;
     /**
-     * DENSE_RANK() - 파티션 내 밀집 순위 (동점 시 같은 순위, 다음 순위 유지)
+     * DENSE_RANK() - Dense rank within a partition (ties get same rank, next rank is consecutive)
      *
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @returns 밀집 순위 (동점 후 연속: 1, 1, 2)
+     * @returns Dense rank (consecutive after ties: 1, 1, 2)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1156,15 +1156,15 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     denseRank(spec: WinSpecInput): ExprUnit<number>;
     /**
-     * NTILE(n) - 파티션을 n개 그룹으로 split
+     * NTILE(n) - Split partition into n groups
      *
-     * @param n - 분할할 그룹 수
+     * @param n - Number of groups to split into
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @returns 그룹 번호 (1 ~ n)
+     * @returns Group number (1 ~ n)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
-     * // 상위 25%를 찾기 위한 사분위 split
+     * // Quartile split to find top 25%
      * db.user().select((u) => ({
      *   name: u.name,
      *   quartile: expr.ntile(4, {
@@ -1175,12 +1175,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     ntile(n: number, spec: WinSpecInput): ExprUnit<number>;
     /**
-     * LAG() - 이전 행의 value 참조
+     * LAG() - Reference value from a previous row
      *
-     * @param column - column to reference
+     * @param column - Column to reference
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @param options - offset (Basic 1), default (이전 행이 없을 때 Default value)
-     * @returns 이전 행의 value (또는 Default value/NULL)
+     * @param options - offset (default 1), default (default value when no previous row)
+     * @returns Previous row's value (or default value/NULL)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1199,12 +1199,12 @@ export declare const expr: {
         default?: ExprInput<T>;
     }): ExprUnit<T | undefined>;
     /**
-     * LEAD() - 다음 행의 value 참조
+     * LEAD() - Reference value from a following row
      *
-     * @param column - column to reference
+     * @param column - Column to reference
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @param options - offset (Basic 1), default (다음 행이 없을 때 Default value)
-     * @returns 다음 행의 value (또는 Default value/NULL)
+     * @param options - offset (default 1), default (default value when no following row)
+     * @returns Following row's value (or default value/NULL)
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1223,11 +1223,11 @@ export declare const expr: {
         default?: ExprInput<T>;
     }): ExprUnit<T | undefined>;
     /**
-     * FIRST_VALUE() - 파티션/프레임의 첫 번째 value
+     * FIRST_VALUE() - First value in the partition/frame
      *
-     * @param column - column to reference
+     * @param column - Column to reference
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @returns 첫 번째 value
+     * @returns First value
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1242,11 +1242,11 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     firstValue<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(column: ExprUnit<T>, spec: WinSpecInput): ExprUnit<T | undefined>;
     /**
-     * LAST_VALUE() - 파티션/프레임의 마지막 value
+     * LAST_VALUE() - Last value in the partition/frame
      *
-     * @param column - column to reference
+     * @param column - Column to reference
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @returns 마지막 value
+     * @returns Last value
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1261,15 +1261,15 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     lastValue<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(column: ExprUnit<T>, spec: WinSpecInput): ExprUnit<T | undefined>;
     /**
-     * SUM() OVER - Window 합계
+     * SUM() OVER - Window sum
      *
-     * @param column - 합계를 구할 column
+     * @param column - Column to sum
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @returns Window 내 합계
+     * @returns Sum within window
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
-     * // 누적 합계
+     * // Running total
      * db.order().select((o) => ({
      *   ...o,
      *   runningTotal: expr.sumOver(o.amount, {
@@ -1281,15 +1281,15 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     sumOver(column: ExprUnit<number | undefined>, spec: WinSpecInput): ExprUnit<number | undefined>;
     /**
-     * AVG() OVER - Window 평균
+     * AVG() OVER - Window average
      *
-     * @param column - 평균을 구할 column
+     * @param column - Column to average
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @returns Window 내 평균
+     * @returns Average within window
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
-     * // move 평균
+     * // Moving average
      * db.stock().select((s) => ({
      *   ...s,
      *   movingAvg: expr.avgOver(s.price, {
@@ -1301,11 +1301,11 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     avgOver(column: ExprUnit<number | undefined>, spec: WinSpecInput): ExprUnit<number | undefined>;
     /**
-     * COUNT() OVER - Window 카운트
+     * COUNT() OVER - Window count
      *
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @param column - 카운트할 column (생략 시 전체 row 수)
-     * @returns Window 내 row 수
+     * @param column - Column to count (all rows if omitted)
+     * @returns Row count within window
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1319,11 +1319,11 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     countOver(spec: WinSpecInput, column?: ExprUnit<ColumnPrimitive>): ExprUnit<number>;
     /**
-     * MIN() OVER - Window 최소값
+     * MIN() OVER - Window minimum
      *
-     * @param column - 최소값을 구할 column
+     * @param column - Column to find minimum of
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @returns Window 내 최소값
+     * @returns Minimum value within window
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1337,11 +1337,11 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     minOver<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(column: ExprUnit<T>, spec: WinSpecInput): ExprUnit<T | undefined>;
     /**
-     * MAX() OVER - Window 최대값
+     * MAX() OVER - Window maximum
      *
-     * @param column - 최대값을 구할 column
+     * @param column - Column to find maximum of
      * @param spec - Window spec (partitionBy, orderBy)
-     * @returns Window 내 최대값
+     * @returns Maximum value within window
      *
      * @example
      * ```typescript
@@ -1355,9 +1355,9 @@ export declare const expr: {
      */
     maxOver<T extends ColumnPrimitive>(column: ExprUnit<T>, spec: WinSpecInput): ExprUnit<T | undefined>;
     /**
-     * ExprInput을 Expr로 Transform (내부용)
+     * Transform ExprInput to Expr (internal use)
      *
-     * @param value - Transform할 value
+     * @param value - Value to transform
      * @returns Expr JSON AST
      */
     toExpr(value: ExprInput<ColumnPrimitive>): Expr;