@simplysm/orm-common 13.0.68 → 13.0.70

package/src/query-builder/postgresql/postgresql-query-builder.ts

@@ -1,686 +1,686 @@
-import type {
-  AddColumnQueryDef,
-  AddFkQueryDef,
-  AddIdxQueryDef,
-  AddPkQueryDef,
-  ClearSchemaQueryDef,
-  CreateProcQueryDef,
-  CreateTableQueryDef,
-  CreateViewQueryDef,
-  SchemaExistsQueryDef,
-  DeleteQueryDef,
-  DropColumnQueryDef,
-  DropFkQueryDef,
-  DropIdxQueryDef,
-  DropPkQueryDef,
-  DropProcQueryDef,
-  DropTableQueryDef,
-  DropViewQueryDef,
-  ExecProcQueryDef,
-  InsertIfNotExistsQueryDef,
-  InsertIntoQueryDef,
-  InsertQueryDef,
-  ModifyColumnQueryDef,
-  QueryDefObjectName,
-  RenameColumnQueryDef,
-  RenameTableQueryDef,
-  SelectQueryDef,
-  SelectQueryDefJoin,
-  SwitchFkQueryDef,
-  TruncateQueryDef,
-  UpdateQueryDef,
-  UpsertQueryDef,
-} from "../../types/query-def";
-import type { QueryBuildResult } from "../../types/db";
-import { QueryBuilderBase } from "../base/query-builder-base";
-import { PostgresqlExprRenderer } from "./postgresql-expr-renderer";
-
-/**
- * PostgreSQL QueryBuilder
- *
- * PostgreSQL 특이사항:
- * - OUTPUT: RETURNING 절 사용 (네이티브 지원)
- * - TRUNCATE: RESTART IDENTITY 옵션 필요
- * - UPSERT: CTE 방식 (INSERT ... ON CONFLICT는 단일 unique 제약만 지원)
- * - AUTO_INCREMENT: GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY (명시적 값 지정 가능)
- * - FK 추가 시 인덱스 별도 생성 필요 (MySQL과 달리)
- */
-export class PostgresqlQueryBuilder extends QueryBuilderBase {
-  protected expr = new PostgresqlExprRenderer((def) => this.select(def).sql);
-
-  //#region ========== 유틸리티 ==========
-
-  /** 테이블명 렌더링 (PostgreSQL: database는 connection에서 처리, schema.table만 사용) */
-  protected tableName(obj: QueryDefObjectName): string {
-    const schema = obj.schema ?? "public";
-    return `${this.expr.wrap(schema)}.${this.expr.wrap(obj.name)}`;
-  }
-
-  /** LIMIT...OFFSET 절 렌더링 */
-  protected renderLimit(limit: [number, number] | undefined, top: number | undefined): string {
-    if (limit != null) {
-      const [offset, count] = limit;
-      return ` LIMIT ${count} OFFSET ${offset}`;
-    }
-    if (top != null) {
-      return ` LIMIT ${top}`;
-    }
-    return "";
-  }
-
-  protected renderJoin(join: SelectQueryDefJoin): string {
-    const alias = this.expr.wrap(join.as);
-
-    // LATERAL JOIN 필요 여부 감지
-    if (this.needsLateral(join)) {
-      // from이 배열(UNION ALL)이면 renderFrom(join.from),
-      // 그 외(orderBy, top, select 등)면 renderFrom(join)으로 서브쿼리 생성
-      const from = Array.isArray(join.from) ? this.renderFrom(join.from) : this.renderFrom(join);
-      return ` LEFT OUTER JOIN LATERAL ${from} AS ${alias} ON TRUE`;
-    }
-
-    // 일반 JOIN
-    const from = this.renderFrom(join.from);
-    const where =
-      join.where != null && join.where.length > 0
-        ? ` ON ${this.expr.renderWhere(join.where)}`
-        : " ON TRUE";
-    return ` LEFT OUTER JOIN ${from} AS ${alias}${where}`;
-  }
-
-  //#endregion
-
-  //#region ========== DML - SELECT ==========
-
-  protected select(def: SelectQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    // WITH (CTE)
-    let sql = "";
-    if (def.with != null) {
-      const { name, base, recursive } = def.with;
-      sql += `WITH RECURSIVE ${this.expr.wrap(name)} AS (${this.select(base).sql} UNION ALL ${this.select(recursive).sql}) `;
-    }
-
-    // SELECT
-    sql += "SELECT";
-    if (def.distinct) {
-      sql += " DISTINCT";
-    }
-
-    // columns
-    if (def.select != null) {
-      const cols = Object.entries(def.select).map(
-        ([alias, expr]) => `${this.expr.render(expr)} AS ${this.expr.wrap(alias)}`,
-      );
-      sql += ` ${cols.join(", ")}`;
-    } else {
-      sql += " *";
-    }
-
-    // FROM
-    if (def.from != null) {
-      const from = this.renderFrom(def.from);
-      sql += ` FROM ${from} AS ${this.expr.wrap(def.as)}`;
-    }
-
-    // JOINs
-    sql += this.renderJoins(def.joins);
-
-    // WHERE
-    sql += this.renderWhere(def.where);
-
-    // GROUP BY
-    sql += this.renderGroupBy(def.groupBy);
-
-    // HAVING
-    sql += this.renderHaving(def.having);
-
-    // ORDER BY
-    sql += this.renderOrderBy(def.orderBy);
-
-    // LIMIT
-    sql += this.renderLimit(def.limit, def.top);
-
-    // LOCK (FOR UPDATE at end)
-    if (def.lock) {
-      sql += " FOR UPDATE";
-    }
-
-    return { sql };
-  }
-
-  //#endregion
-
-  //#region ========== DML - INSERT ==========
-
-  protected insert(def: InsertQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-
-    if (def.records.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error("INSERT는 최소 하나의 레코드가 필요합니다.");
-    }
-
-    const columns = Object.keys(def.records[0]);
-    const colList = columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
-
-    const valuesList = def.records.map((record) => {
-      const values = columns.map((c) => this.expr.escapeValue(record[c]));
-      return `(${values.join(", ")})`;
-    });
-
-    let sql = `INSERT INTO ${table} (${colList})`;
-
-    // GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY이므로 명시적 값 삽입 시 추가 구문 불필요
-    // overrideIdentity 파라미터는 MSSQL(SET IDENTITY_INSERT) 호환성을 위해 유지되지만
-    // PostgreSQL에서는 GENERATED BY DEFAULT가 자동으로 명시적 값을 허용함
-    // (참고: GENERATED ALWAYS였다면 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE 필요)
-
-    sql += ` VALUES ${valuesList.join(", ")}`;
-
-    // RETURNING (PostgreSQL 네이티브 지원)
-    if (def.output != null) {
-      const outputCols = def.output.columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
-      sql += ` RETURNING ${outputCols}`;
-    }
-
-    return { sql };
-  }
-
-  protected insertIfNotExists(def: InsertIfNotExistsQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-
-    const columns = Object.keys(def.record);
-    const colList = columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
-    const values = columns.map((c) => this.expr.escapeValue(def.record[c])).join(", ");
-
-    // existsSelectQuery를 SELECT 1 AS _ 형태로 렌더링
-    const existsQuerySql = this.select({
-      ...def.existsSelectQuery,
-      select: { _: { type: "value", value: 1 } },
-    }).sql;
-
-    let sql = `INSERT INTO ${table} (${colList}) SELECT ${values} WHERE NOT EXISTS (${existsQuerySql})`;
-
-    // RETURNING
-    if (def.output != null) {
-      const outputCols = def.output.columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
-      sql += ` RETURNING ${outputCols}`;
-    }
-
-    return { sql };
-  }
-
-  protected insertInto(def: InsertIntoQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-    const selectSql = this.select(def.recordsSelectQuery).sql;
-
-    // INSERT INTO SELECT에서 columns 추출
-    const selectDef = def.recordsSelectQuery;
-    const colList =
-      selectDef.select != null
-        ? Object.keys(selectDef.select)
-            .map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c))
-            .join(", ")
-        : "*";
-
-    let sql = `INSERT INTO ${table} (${colList}) ${selectSql}`;
-
-    // RETURNING
-    if (def.output != null) {
-      const outputCols = def.output.columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
-      sql += ` RETURNING ${outputCols}`;
-    }
-
-    return { sql };
-  }
-
-  //#endregion
-
-  //#region ========== DML - UPDATE ==========
-
-  protected update(def: UpdateQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-    const alias = this.expr.wrap(def.as);
-
-    // SET
-    const setParts = Object.entries(def.record).map(
-      ([col, e]) => `${this.expr.wrap(col)} = ${this.expr.render(e)}`,
-    );
-
-    let sql = `UPDATE ${table} AS ${alias} SET ${setParts.join(", ")}`;
-
-    // PostgreSQL: JOIN은 FROM 절로 처리
-    if (def.joins != null && def.joins.length > 0) {
-      const joinTables = def.joins.map((j) => {
-        const from = this.renderFrom(j.from);
-        return `${from} AS ${this.expr.wrap(j.as)}`;
-      });
-      sql += ` FROM ${joinTables.join(", ")}`;
-
-      // JOIN ON 조건을 WHERE에 추가
-      const joinConditions = def.joins
-        .filter((j) => j.where != null && j.where.length > 0)
-        .map((j) => this.expr.renderWhere(j.where!));
-      if (joinConditions.length > 0) {
-        const whereCondition =
-          def.where != null && def.where.length > 0 ? this.expr.renderWhere(def.where) : null;
-        const allConditions =
-          whereCondition != null ? [whereCondition, ...joinConditions] : joinConditions;
-        sql += ` WHERE ${allConditions.join(" AND ")}`;
-      } else {
-        sql += this.renderWhere(def.where);
-      }
-    } else {
-      sql += this.renderWhere(def.where);
-    }
-
-    // RETURNING
-    if (def.output != null) {
-      const outputCols = def.output.columns.map((c) => `${alias}.${this.expr.wrap(c)}`).join(", ");
-      sql += ` RETURNING ${outputCols}`;
-    }
-
-    return { sql };
-  }
-
-  //#endregion
-
-  //#region ========== DML - DELETE ==========
-
-  protected delete(def: DeleteQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-    const alias = this.expr.wrap(def.as);
-
-    let sql = `DELETE FROM ${table} AS ${alias}`;
-
-    // PostgreSQL: JOIN은 USING 절로 처리
-    if (def.joins != null && def.joins.length > 0) {
-      const joinTables = def.joins.map((j) => {
-        const from = this.renderFrom(j.from);
-        return `${from} AS ${this.expr.wrap(j.as)}`;
-      });
-      sql += ` USING ${joinTables.join(", ")}`;
-
-      // JOIN ON 조건을 WHERE에 추가
-      const joinConditions = def.joins
-        .filter((j) => j.where != null && j.where.length > 0)
-        .map((j) => this.expr.renderWhere(j.where!));
-      if (joinConditions.length > 0) {
-        const whereCondition =
-          def.where != null && def.where.length > 0 ? this.expr.renderWhere(def.where) : null;
-        const allConditions =
-          whereCondition != null ? [whereCondition, ...joinConditions] : joinConditions;
-        sql += ` WHERE ${allConditions.join(" AND ")}`;
-      } else {
-        sql += this.renderWhere(def.where);
-      }
-    } else {
-      sql += this.renderWhere(def.where);
-    }
-
-    // RETURNING (PostgreSQL: DELETE에서도 지원)
-    if (def.output != null) {
-      const outputCols = def.output.columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
-      sql += ` RETURNING ${outputCols}`;
-    }
-
-    return { sql };
-  }
-
-  //#endregion
-
-  //#region ========== DML - UPSERT ==========
-
-  protected upsert(def: UpsertQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    // PostgreSQL: CTE 방식 (ON CONFLICT는 단일 unique 제약만 지원하므로 범용성 위해 CTE 사용)
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-    const alias = this.expr.wrap(def.existsSelectQuery.as);
-
-    // UPDATE SET 부분
-    const updateSetParts = Object.entries(def.updateRecord).map(
-      ([col, e]) => `${this.expr.wrap(col)} = ${this.expr.render(e)}`,
-    );
-
-    // INSERT 부분
-    const insertColumns = Object.keys(def.insertRecord);
-    const insertColList = insertColumns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
-    const insertValues = insertColumns.map((c) => this.expr.render(def.insertRecord[c])).join(", ");
-
-    // WHERE 조건
-    const whereCondition =
-      def.existsSelectQuery.where != null && def.existsSelectQuery.where.length > 0
-        ? this.expr.renderWhere(def.existsSelectQuery.where)
-        : "TRUE";
-
-    // OUTPUT 컬럼
-    const outputCols =
-      def.output != null ? def.output.columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ") : "*";
-
-    // CTE 방식 UPSERT
-    let sql = `WITH matched AS (\n`;
-    sql += `  SELECT ${alias}.* FROM ${table} AS ${alias} WHERE ${whereCondition}\n`;
-    sql += `),\n`;
-    sql += `updated AS (\n`;
-    sql += `  UPDATE ${table} AS ${alias} SET ${updateSetParts.join(", ")}\n`;
-    sql += `  WHERE ${whereCondition}\n`;
-    sql += `  RETURNING ${outputCols}\n`;
-    sql += `),\n`;
-    sql += `inserted AS (\n`;
-    sql += `  INSERT INTO ${table} (${insertColList})\n`;
-    sql += `  SELECT ${insertValues}\n`;
-    sql += `  WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM matched)\n`;
-    sql += `  RETURNING ${outputCols}\n`;
-    sql += `)\n`;
-    sql += `SELECT * FROM updated UNION ALL SELECT * FROM inserted`;
-
-    return { sql };
-  }
-
-  //#endregion
-
-  //#region ========== DDL - Table ==========
-
-  protected createTable(def: CreateTableQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-
-    const colDefs = def.columns.map((col) => {
-      let colSql = `${this.expr.wrap(col.name)} ${this.expr.renderDataType(col.dataType)}`;
-
-      // nullable: true → NULL, else → NOT NULL
-      if (col.nullable === true) {
-        colSql += " NULL";
-      } else {
-        colSql += " NOT NULL";
-      }
-
-      if (col.autoIncrement) {
-        colSql += " GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY";
-      }
-
-      if (col.default !== undefined) {
-        colSql += ` DEFAULT ${this.expr.escapeValue(col.default)}`;
-      }
-
-      return colSql;
-    });
-
-    // Primary Key with CONSTRAINT name
-    if (def.primaryKey != null && def.primaryKey.length > 0) {
-      const pkCols = def.primaryKey.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
-      const pkName = this.expr.wrap(`PK_${def.table.name}`);
-      colDefs.push(`CONSTRAINT ${pkName} PRIMARY KEY (${pkCols})`);
-    }
-
-    return { sql: `CREATE TABLE ${table} (\n  ${colDefs.join(",\n  ")}\n)` };
-  }
-
-  protected dropTable(def: DropTableQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    return { sql: `DROP TABLE ${this.tableName(def.table)}` };
-  }
-
-  protected renameTable(def: RenameTableQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    return {
-      sql: `ALTER TABLE ${this.tableName(def.table)} RENAME TO ${this.expr.wrap(def.newName)}`,
-    };
-  }
-
-  protected truncate(def: TruncateQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    // PostgreSQL: RESTART IDENTITY로 시퀀스 리셋
-    return { sql: `TRUNCATE TABLE ${this.tableName(def.table)} RESTART IDENTITY` };
-  }
-
-  //#endregion
-
-  //#region ========== DDL - Column ==========
-
-  protected addColumn(def: AddColumnQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-    const col = def.column;
-
-    let colSql = `${this.expr.wrap(col.name)} ${this.expr.renderDataType(col.dataType)}`;
-
-    // nullable: true → NULL, else → NOT NULL
-    if (col.nullable === true) {
-      colSql += " NULL";
-    } else {
-      colSql += " NOT NULL";
-    }
-
-    if (col.autoIncrement) {
-      colSql += " GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY";
-    }
-
-    if (col.default !== undefined) {
-      colSql += ` DEFAULT ${this.expr.escapeValue(col.default)}`;
-    }
-
-    return { sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} ADD COLUMN ${colSql}` };
-  }
-
-  protected dropColumn(def: DropColumnQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    return {
-      sql: `ALTER TABLE ${this.tableName(def.table)} DROP COLUMN ${this.expr.wrap(def.column)}`,
-    };
-  }
-
-  protected modifyColumn(def: ModifyColumnQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-    const col = def.column;
-
-    // PostgreSQL: ALTER COLUMN은 여러 ALTER 필요
-    const parts: string[] = [];
-
-    // TYPE 변경
-    parts.push(
-      `ALTER COLUMN ${this.expr.wrap(col.name)} TYPE ${this.expr.renderDataType(col.dataType)}`,
-    );
-
-    // NULL 변경
-    if (col.nullable === false) {
-      parts.push(`ALTER COLUMN ${this.expr.wrap(col.name)} SET NOT NULL`);
-    } else {
-      parts.push(`ALTER COLUMN ${this.expr.wrap(col.name)} DROP NOT NULL`);
-    }
-
-    // DEFAULT 변경
-    if (col.default !== undefined) {
-      parts.push(
-        `ALTER COLUMN ${this.expr.wrap(col.name)} SET DEFAULT ${this.expr.escapeValue(col.default)}`,
-      );
-    }
-
-    return { sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} ${parts.join(", ")}` };
-  }
-
-  protected renameColumn(def: RenameColumnQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-    return {
-      sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} RENAME COLUMN ${this.expr.wrap(def.column)} TO ${this.expr.wrap(def.newName)}`,
-    };
-  }
-
-  //#endregion
-
-  //#region ========== DDL - Constraint ==========
-
-  protected addPk(def: AddPkQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-    const cols = def.columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
-    const pkName = `PK_${def.table.name}`;
-    return {
-      sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} ADD CONSTRAINT ${this.expr.wrap(pkName)} PRIMARY KEY (${cols})`,
-    };
-  }
-
-  protected dropPk(def: DropPkQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-    const pkName = `PK_${def.table.name}`;
-    return { sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} DROP CONSTRAINT ${this.expr.wrap(pkName)}` };
-  }
-
-  protected addFk(def: AddFkQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-    const fk = def.foreignKey;
-    const fkCols = fk.fkColumns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
-    const targetTable = this.tableName(fk.targetTable);
-    const targetCols = fk.targetPkColumns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
-
-    let sql = `ALTER TABLE ${table} ADD CONSTRAINT ${this.expr.wrap(fk.name)} FOREIGN KEY (${fkCols}) REFERENCES ${targetTable} (${targetCols})`;
-
-    // PostgreSQL: FK용 인덱스 별도 생성 필요
-    const idxName = `IDX_${def.table.name}_${fk.name.replace(/^FK_/, "")}`;
-    sql += `;\nCREATE INDEX ${this.expr.wrap(idxName)} ON ${table} (${fkCols});`;
-
-    return { sql };
-  }
-
-  protected dropFk(def: DropFkQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    return {
-      sql: `ALTER TABLE ${this.tableName(def.table)} DROP CONSTRAINT ${this.expr.wrap(def.foreignKey)}`,
-    };
-  }
-
-  protected addIdx(def: AddIdxQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-    const idx = def.index;
-    const cols = idx.columns.map((c) => `${this.expr.wrap(c.name)} ${c.orderBy}`).join(", ");
-    const unique = idx.unique ? "UNIQUE " : "";
-    return { sql: `CREATE ${unique}INDEX ${this.expr.wrap(idx.name)} ON ${table} (${cols})` };
-  }
-
-  protected dropIdx(def: DropIdxQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    // PostgreSQL: 인덱스는 스키마 레벨에서 유니크하므로 테이블명 불필요하지만 스키마는 명시 필요
-    const schema = def.table.schema ?? "public";
-    return { sql: `DROP INDEX ${this.expr.wrap(schema)}.${this.expr.wrap(def.index)}` };
-  }
-
-  //#endregion
-
-  //#region ========== DDL - View/Procedure ==========
-
-  protected createView(def: CreateViewQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const view = this.tableName(def.view);
-    const selectSql = this.select(def.queryDef).sql;
-    return { sql: `CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW ${view} AS ${selectSql}` };
-  }
-
-  protected dropView(def: DropViewQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    return { sql: `DROP VIEW IF EXISTS ${this.tableName(def.view)}` };
-  }
-
-  protected createProc(def: CreateProcQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const proc = this.tableName(def.procedure);
-
-    // params 처리
-    const paramList =
-      def.params
-        ?.map((p) => {
-          let sql = `${this.expr.wrap(p.name)} ${this.expr.renderDataType(p.dataType)}`;
-          if (p.default !== undefined) {
-            sql += ` DEFAULT ${this.expr.escapeValue(p.default)}`;
-          }
-          return sql;
-        })
-        .join(", ") ?? "";
-
-    // returns 처리
-    let returnClause = "VOID";
-    if (def.returns && def.returns.length > 0) {
-      const returnFields = def.returns
-        .map((r) => `${this.expr.wrap(r.name)} ${this.expr.renderDataType(r.dataType)}`)
-        .join(", ");
-      returnClause = `TABLE(${returnFields})`;
-    }
-
-    let sql = `CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ${proc}(${paramList})\n`;
-    sql += `RETURNS ${returnClause} AS $$\n`;
-    sql += `BEGIN\n`;
-    sql += def.query;
-    if (!def.query.trim().endsWith(";")) {
-      sql += ";";
-    }
-    sql += `\nEND;\n`;
-    sql += `$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql`;
-
-    return { sql };
-  }
-
-  protected dropProc(def: DropProcQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    return { sql: `DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS ${this.tableName(def.procedure)}()` };
-  }
-
-  protected execProc(def: ExecProcQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const proc = this.tableName(def.procedure);
-    if (def.params == null || Object.keys(def.params).length === 0) {
-      return { sql: `SELECT ${proc}()` };
-    }
-    const params = Object.values(def.params)
-      .map((p) => this.expr.render(p))
-      .join(", ");
-    return { sql: `SELECT ${proc}(${params})` };
-  }
-
-  //#endregion
-
-  //#region ========== Utils ==========
-
-  protected clearSchema(def: ClearSchemaQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const schemaName = def.schema ?? "public";
-    // SQL Injection 방어: 스키마명 유효성 검증
-    if (!/^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(schemaName)) {
-      throw new Error(`유효하지 않은 스키마명: ${schemaName}`);
-    }
-    const schema = this.expr.escapeString(schemaName);
-    return {
-      sql: `
-DO $$
-DECLARE
-  r RECORD;
-BEGIN
-  -- FK 제약조건 삭제
-  FOR r IN (SELECT conname, conrelid::regclass AS tablename
-            FROM pg_constraint
-            WHERE contype = 'f' AND connamespace = '${schema}'::regnamespace)
-  LOOP
-    EXECUTE 'ALTER TABLE ' || r.tablename || ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' || quote_ident(r.conname);
-  END LOOP;
-
-  -- 테이블 삭제
-  FOR r IN (SELECT tablename FROM pg_tables WHERE schemaname = '${schema}')
-  LOOP
-    EXECUTE 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ' || quote_ident(r.tablename) || ' CASCADE';
-  END LOOP;
-
-  -- 뷰 삭제
-  FOR r IN (SELECT viewname FROM pg_views WHERE schemaname = '${schema}')
-  LOOP
-    EXECUTE 'DROP VIEW IF EXISTS ' || quote_ident(r.viewname) || ' CASCADE';
-  END LOOP;
-
-  -- 함수 삭제
-  FOR r IN (SELECT proname, pg_get_function_identity_arguments(oid) AS args
-            FROM pg_proc WHERE pronamespace = '${schema}'::regnamespace)
-  LOOP
-    EXECUTE 'DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS ' || quote_ident(r.proname) || '(' || r.args || ') CASCADE';
-  END LOOP;
-END $$`,
-    };
-  }
-
-  protected schemaExists(def: SchemaExistsQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const schemaName = def.schema ?? "public";
-    const schema = this.expr.escapeString(schemaName);
-    return { sql: `SELECT nspname FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = '${schema}'` };
-  }
-
-  protected switchFk(def: SwitchFkQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
-    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
-    if (def.switch === "on") {
-      // PostgreSQL: 테이블의 모든 FK 트리거 활성화
-      return { sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} ENABLE TRIGGER ALL` };
-    }
-    // PostgreSQL: 테이블의 모든 FK 트리거 비활성화
-    return { sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} DISABLE TRIGGER ALL` };
-  }
-
-  //#endregion
-}
+import type {
+  AddColumnQueryDef,
+  AddFkQueryDef,
+  AddIdxQueryDef,
+  AddPkQueryDef,
+  ClearSchemaQueryDef,
+  CreateProcQueryDef,
+  CreateTableQueryDef,
+  CreateViewQueryDef,
+  SchemaExistsQueryDef,
+  DeleteQueryDef,
+  DropColumnQueryDef,
+  DropFkQueryDef,
+  DropIdxQueryDef,
+  DropPkQueryDef,
+  DropProcQueryDef,
+  DropTableQueryDef,
+  DropViewQueryDef,
+  ExecProcQueryDef,
+  InsertIfNotExistsQueryDef,
+  InsertIntoQueryDef,
+  InsertQueryDef,
+  ModifyColumnQueryDef,
+  QueryDefObjectName,
+  RenameColumnQueryDef,
+  RenameTableQueryDef,
+  SelectQueryDef,
+  SelectQueryDefJoin,
+  SwitchFkQueryDef,
+  TruncateQueryDef,
+  UpdateQueryDef,
+  UpsertQueryDef,
+} from "../../types/query-def";
+import type { QueryBuildResult } from "../../types/db";
+import { QueryBuilderBase } from "../base/query-builder-base";
+import { PostgresqlExprRenderer } from "./postgresql-expr-renderer";
+
+/**
+ * PostgreSQL QueryBuilder
+ *
+ * PostgreSQL 특이사항:
+ * - OUTPUT: RETURNING 절 사용 (네이티브 지원)
+ * - TRUNCATE: RESTART IDENTITY option 필요
+ * - UPSERT: CTE 방식 (INSERT ... ON CONFLICT는 단일 unique 제약만 지원)
+ * - AUTO_INCREMENT: GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY (explicit value 지정 가능)
+ * - FK Add 시 Index 별도 Generate 필요 (MySQL과 달리)
+ */
+export class PostgresqlQueryBuilder extends QueryBuilderBase {
+  protected expr = new PostgresqlExprRenderer((def) => this.select(def).sql);
+
+  //#region ========== 유틸리티 ==========
+
+  /** Table명 Render (PostgreSQL: database는 connection에서 processing, schema.table만 사용) */
+  protected tableName(obj: QueryDefObjectName): string {
+    const schema = obj.schema ?? "public";
+    return `${this.expr.wrap(schema)}.${this.expr.wrap(obj.name)}`;
+  }
+
+  /** LIMIT...OFFSET 절 Render */
+  protected renderLimit(limit: [number, number] | undefined, top: number | undefined): string {
+    if (limit != null) {
+      const [offset, count] = limit;
+      return ` LIMIT ${count} OFFSET ${offset}`;
+    }
+    if (top != null) {
+      return ` LIMIT ${top}`;
+    }
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  protected renderJoin(join: SelectQueryDefJoin): string {
+    const alias = this.expr.wrap(join.as);
+
+    // LATERAL JOIN 필요 여부 감지
+    if (this.needsLateral(join)) {
+      // from이 배열(UNION ALL)이면 renderFrom(join.from),
+      // 그 외(orderBy, top, select 등)면 renderFrom(join)으로 Subquery Generate
+      const from = Array.isArray(join.from) ? this.renderFrom(join.from) : this.renderFrom(join);
+      return ` LEFT OUTER JOIN LATERAL ${from} AS ${alias} ON TRUE`;
+    }
+
+    // 일반 JOIN
+    const from = this.renderFrom(join.from);
+    const where =
+      join.where != null && join.where.length > 0
+        ? ` ON ${this.expr.renderWhere(join.where)}`
+        : " ON TRUE";
+    return ` LEFT OUTER JOIN ${from} AS ${alias}${where}`;
+  }
+
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region ========== DML - SELECT ==========
+
+  protected select(def: SelectQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    // WITH (CTE)
+    let sql = "";
+    if (def.with != null) {
+      const { name, base, recursive } = def.with;
+      sql += `WITH RECURSIVE ${this.expr.wrap(name)} AS (${this.select(base).sql} UNION ALL ${this.select(recursive).sql}) `;
+    }
+
+    // SELECT
+    sql += "SELECT";
+    if (def.distinct) {
+      sql += " DISTINCT";
+    }
+
+    // columns
+    if (def.select != null) {
+      const cols = Object.entries(def.select).map(
+        ([alias, expr]) => `${this.expr.render(expr)} AS ${this.expr.wrap(alias)}`,
+      );
+      sql += ` ${cols.join(", ")}`;
+    } else {
+      sql += " *";
+    }
+
+    // FROM
+    if (def.from != null) {
+      const from = this.renderFrom(def.from);
+      sql += ` FROM ${from} AS ${this.expr.wrap(def.as)}`;
+    }
+
+    // JOINs
+    sql += this.renderJoins(def.joins);
+
+    // WHERE
+    sql += this.renderWhere(def.where);
+
+    // GROUP BY
+    sql += this.renderGroupBy(def.groupBy);
+
+    // HAVING
+    sql += this.renderHaving(def.having);
+
+    // ORDER BY
+    sql += this.renderOrderBy(def.orderBy);
+
+    // LIMIT
+    sql += this.renderLimit(def.limit, def.top);
+
+    // LOCK (FOR UPDATE at end)
+    if (def.lock) {
+      sql += " FOR UPDATE";
+    }
+
+    return { sql };
+  }
+
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region ========== DML - INSERT ==========
+
+  protected insert(def: InsertQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+
+    if (def.records.length === 0) {
+      throw new Error("INSERT requires at least one record.");
+    }
+
+    const columns = Object.keys(def.records[0]);
+    const colList = columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
+
+    const valuesList = def.records.map((record) => {
+      const values = columns.map((c) => this.expr.escapeValue(record[c]));
+      return `(${values.join(", ")})`;
+    });
+
+    let sql = `INSERT INTO ${table} (${colList})`;
+
+    // GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY이므로 explicit value 삽입 시 Add 구문 불필요
+    // overrideIdentity 파라미터는 MSSQL(SET IDENTITY_INSERT) 호환성을 위해 유지되지만
+    // PostgreSQL에서는 GENERATED BY DEFAULT가 automatic으로 explicit 값을 허용함
+    // (참고: GENERATED ALWAYS였다면 OVERRIDING SYSTEM VALUE 필요)
+
+    sql += ` VALUES ${valuesList.join(", ")}`;
+
+    // RETURNING (PostgreSQL 네이티브 지원)
+    if (def.output != null) {
+      const outputCols = def.output.columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
+      sql += ` RETURNING ${outputCols}`;
+    }
+
+    return { sql };
+  }
+
+  protected insertIfNotExists(def: InsertIfNotExistsQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+
+    const columns = Object.keys(def.record);
+    const colList = columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
+    const values = columns.map((c) => this.expr.escapeValue(def.record[c])).join(", ");
+
+    // existsSelectQuery를 SELECT 1 AS _ 형태로 Render
+    const existsQuerySql = this.select({
+      ...def.existsSelectQuery,
+      select: { _: { type: "value", value: 1 } },
+    }).sql;
+
+    let sql = `INSERT INTO ${table} (${colList}) SELECT ${values} WHERE NOT EXISTS (${existsQuerySql})`;
+
+    // RETURNING
+    if (def.output != null) {
+      const outputCols = def.output.columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
+      sql += ` RETURNING ${outputCols}`;
+    }
+
+    return { sql };
+  }
+
+  protected insertInto(def: InsertIntoQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+    const selectSql = this.select(def.recordsSelectQuery).sql;
+
+    // INSERT INTO SELECT에서 columns 추출
+    const selectDef = def.recordsSelectQuery;
+    const colList =
+      selectDef.select != null
+        ? Object.keys(selectDef.select)
+            .map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c))
+            .join(", ")
+        : "*";
+
+    let sql = `INSERT INTO ${table} (${colList}) ${selectSql}`;
+
+    // RETURNING
+    if (def.output != null) {
+      const outputCols = def.output.columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
+      sql += ` RETURNING ${outputCols}`;
+    }
+
+    return { sql };
+  }
+
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region ========== DML - UPDATE ==========
+
+  protected update(def: UpdateQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+    const alias = this.expr.wrap(def.as);
+
+    // SET
+    const setParts = Object.entries(def.record).map(
+      ([col, e]) => `${this.expr.wrap(col)} = ${this.expr.render(e)}`,
+    );
+
+    let sql = `UPDATE ${table} AS ${alias} SET ${setParts.join(", ")}`;
+
+    // PostgreSQL: JOIN은 FROM 절로 processing
+    if (def.joins != null && def.joins.length > 0) {
+      const joinTables = def.joins.map((j) => {
+        const from = this.renderFrom(j.from);
+        return `${from} AS ${this.expr.wrap(j.as)}`;
+      });
+      sql += ` FROM ${joinTables.join(", ")}`;
+
+      // JOIN ON 조건을 WHERE에 Add
+      const joinConditions = def.joins
+        .filter((j) => j.where != null && j.where.length > 0)
+        .map((j) => this.expr.renderWhere(j.where!));
+      if (joinConditions.length > 0) {
+        const whereCondition =
+          def.where != null && def.where.length > 0 ? this.expr.renderWhere(def.where) : null;
+        const allConditions =
+          whereCondition != null ? [whereCondition, ...joinConditions] : joinConditions;
+        sql += ` WHERE ${allConditions.join(" AND ")}`;
+      } else {
+        sql += this.renderWhere(def.where);
+      }
+    } else {
+      sql += this.renderWhere(def.where);
+    }
+
+    // RETURNING
+    if (def.output != null) {
+      const outputCols = def.output.columns.map((c) => `${alias}.${this.expr.wrap(c)}`).join(", ");
+      sql += ` RETURNING ${outputCols}`;
+    }
+
+    return { sql };
+  }
+
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region ========== DML - DELETE ==========
+
+  protected delete(def: DeleteQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+    const alias = this.expr.wrap(def.as);
+
+    let sql = `DELETE FROM ${table} AS ${alias}`;
+
+    // PostgreSQL: JOIN은 USING 절로 processing
+    if (def.joins != null && def.joins.length > 0) {
+      const joinTables = def.joins.map((j) => {
+        const from = this.renderFrom(j.from);
+        return `${from} AS ${this.expr.wrap(j.as)}`;
+      });
+      sql += ` USING ${joinTables.join(", ")}`;
+
+      // JOIN ON 조건을 WHERE에 Add
+      const joinConditions = def.joins
+        .filter((j) => j.where != null && j.where.length > 0)
+        .map((j) => this.expr.renderWhere(j.where!));
+      if (joinConditions.length > 0) {
+        const whereCondition =
+          def.where != null && def.where.length > 0 ? this.expr.renderWhere(def.where) : null;
+        const allConditions =
+          whereCondition != null ? [whereCondition, ...joinConditions] : joinConditions;
+        sql += ` WHERE ${allConditions.join(" AND ")}`;
+      } else {
+        sql += this.renderWhere(def.where);
+      }
+    } else {
+      sql += this.renderWhere(def.where);
+    }
+
+    // RETURNING (PostgreSQL: DELETE에서도 지원)
+    if (def.output != null) {
+      const outputCols = def.output.columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
+      sql += ` RETURNING ${outputCols}`;
+    }
+
+    return { sql };
+  }
+
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region ========== DML - UPSERT ==========
+
+  protected upsert(def: UpsertQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    // PostgreSQL: CTE 방식 (ON CONFLICT는 단일 unique 제약만 지원하므로 범용성 위해 CTE 사용)
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+    const alias = this.expr.wrap(def.existsSelectQuery.as);
+
+    // UPDATE SET part
+    const updateSetParts = Object.entries(def.updateRecord).map(
+      ([col, e]) => `${this.expr.wrap(col)} = ${this.expr.render(e)}`,
+    );
+
+    // INSERT part
+    const insertColumns = Object.keys(def.insertRecord);
+    const insertColList = insertColumns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
+    const insertValues = insertColumns.map((c) => this.expr.render(def.insertRecord[c])).join(", ");
+
+    // WHERE condition
+    const whereCondition =
+      def.existsSelectQuery.where != null && def.existsSelectQuery.where.length > 0
+        ? this.expr.renderWhere(def.existsSelectQuery.where)
+        : "TRUE";
+
+    // OUTPUT column
+    const outputCols =
+      def.output != null ? def.output.columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ") : "*";
+
+    // CTE 방식 UPSERT
+    let sql = `WITH matched AS (\n`;
+    sql += `  SELECT ${alias}.* FROM ${table} AS ${alias} WHERE ${whereCondition}\n`;
+    sql += `),\n`;
+    sql += `updated AS (\n`;
+    sql += `  UPDATE ${table} AS ${alias} SET ${updateSetParts.join(", ")}\n`;
+    sql += `  WHERE ${whereCondition}\n`;
+    sql += `  RETURNING ${outputCols}\n`;
+    sql += `),\n`;
+    sql += `inserted AS (\n`;
+    sql += `  INSERT INTO ${table} (${insertColList})\n`;
+    sql += `  SELECT ${insertValues}\n`;
+    sql += `  WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM matched)\n`;
+    sql += `  RETURNING ${outputCols}\n`;
+    sql += `)\n`;
+    sql += `SELECT * FROM updated UNION ALL SELECT * FROM inserted`;
+
+    return { sql };
+  }
+
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region ========== DDL - Table ==========
+
+  protected createTable(def: CreateTableQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+
+    const colDefs = def.columns.map((col) => {
+      let colSql = `${this.expr.wrap(col.name)} ${this.expr.renderDataType(col.dataType)}`;
+
+      // nullable: true → NULL, else → NOT NULL
+      if (col.nullable === true) {
+        colSql += " NULL";
+      } else {
+        colSql += " NOT NULL";
+      }
+
+      if (col.autoIncrement) {
+        colSql += " GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY";
+      }
+
+      if (col.default !== undefined) {
+        colSql += ` DEFAULT ${this.expr.escapeValue(col.default)}`;
+      }
+
+      return colSql;
+    });
+
+    // Primary Key with CONSTRAINT name
+    if (def.primaryKey != null && def.primaryKey.length > 0) {
+      const pkCols = def.primaryKey.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
+      const pkName = this.expr.wrap(`PK_${def.table.name}`);
+      colDefs.push(`CONSTRAINT ${pkName} PRIMARY KEY (${pkCols})`);
+    }
+
+    return { sql: `CREATE TABLE ${table} (\n  ${colDefs.join(",\n  ")}\n)` };
+  }
+
+  protected dropTable(def: DropTableQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    return { sql: `DROP TABLE ${this.tableName(def.table)}` };
+  }
+
+  protected renameTable(def: RenameTableQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    return {
+      sql: `ALTER TABLE ${this.tableName(def.table)} RENAME TO ${this.expr.wrap(def.newName)}`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  protected truncate(def: TruncateQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    // PostgreSQL: RESTART IDENTITY로 시퀀스 리셋
+    return { sql: `TRUNCATE TABLE ${this.tableName(def.table)} RESTART IDENTITY` };
+  }
+
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region ========== DDL - Column ==========
+
+  protected addColumn(def: AddColumnQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+    const col = def.column;
+
+    let colSql = `${this.expr.wrap(col.name)} ${this.expr.renderDataType(col.dataType)}`;
+
+    // nullable: true → NULL, else → NOT NULL
+    if (col.nullable === true) {
+      colSql += " NULL";
+    } else {
+      colSql += " NOT NULL";
+    }
+
+    if (col.autoIncrement) {
+      colSql += " GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY";
+    }
+
+    if (col.default !== undefined) {
+      colSql += ` DEFAULT ${this.expr.escapeValue(col.default)}`;
+    }
+
+    return { sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} ADD COLUMN ${colSql}` };
+  }
+
+  protected dropColumn(def: DropColumnQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    return {
+      sql: `ALTER TABLE ${this.tableName(def.table)} DROP COLUMN ${this.expr.wrap(def.column)}`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  protected modifyColumn(def: ModifyColumnQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+    const col = def.column;
+
+    // PostgreSQL: ALTER COLUMN은 여러 ALTER 필요
+    const parts: string[] = [];
+
+    // TYPE 변경
+    parts.push(
+      `ALTER COLUMN ${this.expr.wrap(col.name)} TYPE ${this.expr.renderDataType(col.dataType)}`,
+    );
+
+    // NULL 변경
+    if (col.nullable === false) {
+      parts.push(`ALTER COLUMN ${this.expr.wrap(col.name)} SET NOT NULL`);
+    } else {
+      parts.push(`ALTER COLUMN ${this.expr.wrap(col.name)} DROP NOT NULL`);
+    }
+
+    // DEFAULT 변경
+    if (col.default !== undefined) {
+      parts.push(
+        `ALTER COLUMN ${this.expr.wrap(col.name)} SET DEFAULT ${this.expr.escapeValue(col.default)}`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    return { sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} ${parts.join(", ")}` };
+  }
+
+  protected renameColumn(def: RenameColumnQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+    return {
+      sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} RENAME COLUMN ${this.expr.wrap(def.column)} TO ${this.expr.wrap(def.newName)}`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region ========== DDL - Constraint ==========
+
+  protected addPk(def: AddPkQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+    const cols = def.columns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
+    const pkName = `PK_${def.table.name}`;
+    return {
+      sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} ADD CONSTRAINT ${this.expr.wrap(pkName)} PRIMARY KEY (${cols})`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  protected dropPk(def: DropPkQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+    const pkName = `PK_${def.table.name}`;
+    return { sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} DROP CONSTRAINT ${this.expr.wrap(pkName)}` };
+  }
+
+  protected addFk(def: AddFkQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+    const fk = def.foreignKey;
+    const fkCols = fk.fkColumns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
+    const targetTable = this.tableName(fk.targetTable);
+    const targetCols = fk.targetPkColumns.map((c) => this.expr.wrap(c)).join(", ");
+
+    let sql = `ALTER TABLE ${table} ADD CONSTRAINT ${this.expr.wrap(fk.name)} FOREIGN KEY (${fkCols}) REFERENCES ${targetTable} (${targetCols})`;
+
+    // PostgreSQL: FK용 Index 별도 Generate 필요
+    const idxName = `IDX_${def.table.name}_${fk.name.replace(/^FK_/, "")}`;
+    sql += `;\nCREATE INDEX ${this.expr.wrap(idxName)} ON ${table} (${fkCols});`;
+
+    return { sql };
+  }
+
+  protected dropFk(def: DropFkQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    return {
+      sql: `ALTER TABLE ${this.tableName(def.table)} DROP CONSTRAINT ${this.expr.wrap(def.foreignKey)}`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  protected addIdx(def: AddIdxQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+    const idx = def.index;
+    const cols = idx.columns.map((c) => `${this.expr.wrap(c.name)} ${c.orderBy}`).join(", ");
+    const unique = idx.unique ? "UNIQUE " : "";
+    return { sql: `CREATE ${unique}INDEX ${this.expr.wrap(idx.name)} ON ${table} (${cols})` };
+  }
+
+  protected dropIdx(def: DropIdxQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    // PostgreSQL: Index는 schema 레벨에서 유니크하므로 Table명 불필요하지만 스키마는 명시 필요
+    const schema = def.table.schema ?? "public";
+    return { sql: `DROP INDEX ${this.expr.wrap(schema)}.${this.expr.wrap(def.index)}` };
+  }
+
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region ========== DDL - View/Procedure ==========
+
+  protected createView(def: CreateViewQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const view = this.tableName(def.view);
+    const selectSql = this.select(def.queryDef).sql;
+    return { sql: `CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW ${view} AS ${selectSql}` };
+  }
+
+  protected dropView(def: DropViewQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    return { sql: `DROP VIEW IF EXISTS ${this.tableName(def.view)}` };
+  }
+
+  protected createProc(def: CreateProcQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const proc = this.tableName(def.procedure);
+
+    // params processing
+    const paramList =
+      def.params
+        ?.map((p) => {
+          let sql = `${this.expr.wrap(p.name)} ${this.expr.renderDataType(p.dataType)}`;
+          if (p.default !== undefined) {
+            sql += ` DEFAULT ${this.expr.escapeValue(p.default)}`;
+          }
+          return sql;
+        })
+        .join(", ") ?? "";
+
+    // returns processing
+    let returnClause = "VOID";
+    if (def.returns && def.returns.length > 0) {
+      const returnFields = def.returns
+        .map((r) => `${this.expr.wrap(r.name)} ${this.expr.renderDataType(r.dataType)}`)
+        .join(", ");
+      returnClause = `TABLE(${returnFields})`;
+    }
+
+    let sql = `CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ${proc}(${paramList})\n`;
+    sql += `RETURNS ${returnClause} AS $$\n`;
+    sql += `BEGIN\n`;
+    sql += def.query;
+    if (!def.query.trim().endsWith(";")) {
+      sql += ";";
+    }
+    sql += `\nEND;\n`;
+    sql += `$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql`;
+
+    return { sql };
+  }
+
+  protected dropProc(def: DropProcQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    return { sql: `DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS ${this.tableName(def.procedure)}()` };
+  }
+
+  protected execProc(def: ExecProcQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const proc = this.tableName(def.procedure);
+    if (def.params == null || Object.keys(def.params).length === 0) {
+      return { sql: `SELECT ${proc}()` };
+    }
+    const params = Object.values(def.params)
+      .map((p) => this.expr.render(p))
+      .join(", ");
+    return { sql: `SELECT ${proc}(${params})` };
+  }
+
+  //#endregion
+
+  //#region ========== Utils ==========
+
+  protected clearSchema(def: ClearSchemaQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const schemaName = def.schema ?? "public";
+    // SQL Injection 방어: 스키마명 유효성 Validation
+    if (!/^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(schemaName)) {
+      throw new Error(`Invalid schema name: ${schemaName}`);
+    }
+    const schema = this.expr.escapeString(schemaName);
+    return {
+      sql: `
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+  r RECORD;
+BEGIN
+  -- FK constraint Delete
+  FOR r IN (SELECT conname, conrelid::regclass AS tablename
+            FROM pg_constraint
+            WHERE contype = 'f' AND connamespace = '${schema}'::regnamespace)
+  LOOP
+    EXECUTE 'ALTER TABLE ' || r.tablename || ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' || quote_ident(r.conname);
+  END LOOP;
+
+  -- Drop table
+  FOR r IN (SELECT tablename FROM pg_tables WHERE schemaname = '${schema}')
+  LOOP
+    EXECUTE 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ' || quote_ident(r.tablename) || ' CASCADE';
+  END LOOP;
+
+  -- Drop view
+  FOR r IN (SELECT viewname FROM pg_views WHERE schemaname = '${schema}')
+  LOOP
+    EXECUTE 'DROP VIEW IF EXISTS ' || quote_ident(r.viewname) || ' CASCADE';
+  END LOOP;
+
+  -- function Delete
+  FOR r IN (SELECT proname, pg_get_function_identity_arguments(oid) AS args
+            FROM pg_proc WHERE pronamespace = '${schema}'::regnamespace)
+  LOOP
+    EXECUTE 'DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS ' || quote_ident(r.proname) || '(' || r.args || ') CASCADE';
+  END LOOP;
+END $$`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  protected schemaExists(def: SchemaExistsQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const schemaName = def.schema ?? "public";
+    const schema = this.expr.escapeString(schemaName);
+    return { sql: `SELECT nspname FROM pg_namespace WHERE nspname = '${schema}'` };
+  }
+
+  protected switchFk(def: SwitchFkQueryDef): QueryBuildResult {
+    const table = this.tableName(def.table);
+    if (def.switch === "on") {
+      // PostgreSQL: Table의 모든 FK 트리거 Enable
+      return { sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} ENABLE TRIGGER ALL` };
+    }
+    // PostgreSQL: Table의 모든 FK 트리거 Disable
+    return { sql: `ALTER TABLE ${table} DISABLE TRIGGER ALL` };
+  }
+
+  //#endregion
+}