@shqld/canvas 3.2.2-rc.1

package/src/CanvasRenderingContext2d.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,3527 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2010 LearnBoost <tj@learnboost.com>
+
+#include "CanvasRenderingContext2d.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cairo-pdf.h>
+#include "Canvas.h"
+#include "CanvasGradient.h"
+#include "CanvasPattern.h"
+#include "InstanceData.h"
+#include "FontParser.h"
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include "Image.h"
+#include "ImageData.h"
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
+#include "Point.h"
+#include <string>
+#include "Util.h"
+#include <vector>
+
+/*
+ * Rectangle arg assertions.
+ */
+
+#define RECT_ARGS \
+  double args[4]; \
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, 4)) \
+    return; \
+  double x = args[0]; \
+  double y = args[1]; \
+  double width = args[2]; \
+  double height = args[3];
+
+constexpr double twoPi = M_PI * 2.;
+
+/*
+ * Simple helper macro for a rather verbose function call.
+ */
+
+#define PANGO_LAYOUT_GET_METRICS(LAYOUT) pango_context_get_metrics( \
+   pango_layout_get_context(LAYOUT), \
+   pango_layout_get_font_description(LAYOUT), \
+   pango_language_from_string(state->lang.c_str()))
+
+inline static bool checkArgs(const Napi::CallbackInfo&info, double *args, int argsNum, int offset = 0){
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+  int argsEnd = std::min(9, offset + argsNum);
+  bool areArgsValid = true;
+
+  napi_value argv[9];
+  size_t argc = 9;
+  napi_get_cb_info(env, static_cast<napi_callback_info>(info), &argc, argv, nullptr, nullptr);
+
+  for (int i = offset; i < argsEnd; i++) {
+    napi_valuetype type;
+    double val = 0;
+
+    napi_typeof(env, argv[i], &type);
+    if (type == napi_number) {
+      // fast path
+      napi_get_value_double(env, argv[i], &val);
+    } else {
+      napi_value num;
+      if (napi_coerce_to_number(env, argv[i], &num) == napi_ok) {
+        napi_get_value_double(env, num, &val);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (areArgsValid) {
+      if (!std::isfinite(val)) {
+        // We should continue the loop instead of returning immediately
+        // See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/canvas.html
+
+        areArgsValid = false;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      args[i - offset] = val;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return areArgsValid;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize Context2d.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Initialize(Napi::Env& env, Napi::Object& exports) {
+  Napi::HandleScope scope(env);
+  InstanceData* data = env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>();
+
+  Napi::Function ctor = DefineClass(env, "CanvasRenderingContext2D", {
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::DrawImage>("drawImage", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::PutImageData>("putImageData", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::GetImageData>("getImageData", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::CreateImageData>("createImageData", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::AddPage>("addPage", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::Save>("save", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::Restore>("restore", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::Rotate>("rotate", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::Translate>("translate", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::Transform>("transform", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::GetTransform>("getTransform", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::ResetTransform>("resetTransform", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::SetTransform>("setTransform", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::IsPointInPath>("isPointInPath", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::Scale>("scale", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::Clip>("clip", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::Fill>("fill", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::Stroke>("stroke", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::FillText>("fillText", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::StrokeText>("strokeText", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::FillRect>("fillRect", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::StrokeRect>("strokeRect", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::ClearRect>("clearRect", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::Rect>("rect", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::RoundRect>("roundRect", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::MeasureText>("measureText", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::MoveTo>("moveTo", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::LineTo>("lineTo", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::BezierCurveTo>("bezierCurveTo", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::QuadraticCurveTo>("quadraticCurveTo", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::BeginPath>("beginPath", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::ClosePath>("closePath", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::Arc>("arc", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::ArcTo>("arcTo", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::Ellipse>("ellipse", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::SetLineDash>("setLineDash", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::GetLineDash>("getLineDash", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::CreatePattern>("createPattern", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::CreateLinearGradient>("createLinearGradient", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::CreateRadialGradient>("createRadialGradient", napi_default_method),
+    #if CAIRO_VERSION >= CAIRO_VERSION_ENCODE(1, 16, 0)
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::BeginTag>("beginTag", napi_default_method),
+    InstanceMethod<&Context2d::EndTag>("endTag", napi_default_method),
+    #endif
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetFormat>("pixelFormat", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetPatternQuality, &Context2d::SetPatternQuality>("patternQuality", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetImageSmoothingEnabled, &Context2d::SetImageSmoothingEnabled>("imageSmoothingEnabled", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetGlobalCompositeOperation, &Context2d::SetGlobalCompositeOperation>("globalCompositeOperation", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetGlobalAlpha, &Context2d::SetGlobalAlpha>("globalAlpha", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetShadowColor, &Context2d::SetShadowColor>("shadowColor", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetMiterLimit, &Context2d::SetMiterLimit>("miterLimit", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetLineWidth, &Context2d::SetLineWidth>("lineWidth", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetLineCap, &Context2d::SetLineCap>("lineCap", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetLineJoin, &Context2d::SetLineJoin>("lineJoin", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetLineDashOffset, &Context2d::SetLineDashOffset>("lineDashOffset", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetShadowOffsetX, &Context2d::SetShadowOffsetX>("shadowOffsetX", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetShadowOffsetY, &Context2d::SetShadowOffsetY>("shadowOffsetY", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetShadowBlur, &Context2d::SetShadowBlur>("shadowBlur", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetAntiAlias, &Context2d::SetAntiAlias>("antialias", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetTextDrawingMode, &Context2d::SetTextDrawingMode>("textDrawingMode", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetQuality, &Context2d::SetQuality>("quality", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetCurrentTransform, &Context2d::SetCurrentTransform>("currentTransform", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetFillStyle, &Context2d::SetFillStyle>("fillStyle", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetStrokeStyle, &Context2d::SetStrokeStyle>("strokeStyle", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetFont, &Context2d::SetFont>("font", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetTextBaseline, &Context2d::SetTextBaseline>("textBaseline", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetTextAlign, &Context2d::SetTextAlign>("textAlign", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetDirection, &Context2d::SetDirection>("direction", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Context2d::GetLanguage, &Context2d::SetLanguage>("lang", napi_default_jsproperty)
+  });
+
+  exports.Set("CanvasRenderingContext2d", ctor);
+  data->Context2dCtor = Napi::Persistent(ctor);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a cairo context.
+ */
+
+Context2d::Context2d(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) : Napi::ObjectWrap<Context2d>(info), env(info.Env()) {
+  InstanceData* data = env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>();
+
+  if (!info[0].IsObject()) {
+    Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Canvas expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Napi::Object obj = info[0].As<Napi::Object>();
+  if (!obj.InstanceOf(data->CanvasCtor.Value()).UnwrapOr(false)) {
+    if (!env.IsExceptionPending()) {
+      Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Canvas expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  _canvas = Canvas::Unwrap(obj);
+
+  if (_canvas->isImage()) {
+    cairo_format_t format = CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32;
+
+    if (info[1].IsObject()) {
+      Napi::Object ctxAttributes = info[1].As<Napi::Object>();
+      Napi::Value pixelFormat;
+
+      if (ctxAttributes.Get("pixelFormat").UnwrapTo(&pixelFormat) && pixelFormat.IsString()) {
+        std::string utf8PixelFormat = pixelFormat.As<Napi::String>();
+        if (utf8PixelFormat == "RGBA32") format = CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32;
+        else if (utf8PixelFormat == "RGB24") format = CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24;
+        else if (utf8PixelFormat == "A8") format = CAIRO_FORMAT_A8;
+        else if (utf8PixelFormat == "RGB16_565") format = CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB16_565;
+        else if (utf8PixelFormat == "A1") format = CAIRO_FORMAT_A1;
+#ifdef CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB30
+        else if (utf8PixelFormat == "RGB30") format = CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB30;
+#endif
+      }
+
+      // alpha: false forces use of RGB24
+      Napi::Value alpha;
+
+      if (ctxAttributes.Get("alpha").UnwrapTo(&alpha) && alpha.IsBoolean() && !alpha.As<Napi::Boolean>().Value()) {
+        format = CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24;
+      }
+    }
+
+    _canvas->setFormat(format);
+  }
+
+  _context = _canvas->createCairoContext();
+  _layout = pango_cairo_create_layout(_context);
+
+  // As of January 2023, Pango rounds glyph positions which renders text wider
+  // or narrower than the browser. See #2184 for more information
+#if PANGO_VERSION_CHECK(1, 44, 0)
+  pango_context_set_round_glyph_positions(pango_layout_get_context(_layout), FALSE);
+#endif
+
+  pango_layout_set_auto_dir(_layout, FALSE);
+
+  states.emplace();
+  state = &states.top();
+  pango_layout_set_font_description(_layout, state->fontDescription);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Destroy cairo context.
+ */
+
+Context2d::~Context2d() {
+  if (_layout) g_object_unref(_layout);
+  if (_context) cairo_destroy(_context);
+  _resetPersistentHandles();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset canvas state.
+ */
+
+void Context2d::resetState() {
+  states.pop();
+  states.emplace();
+  pango_layout_set_font_description(_layout, state->fontDescription);
+  _resetPersistentHandles();
+}
+
+void Context2d::_resetPersistentHandles() {
+  _fillStyle.Reset();
+  _strokeStyle.Reset();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Save cairo / canvas state.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::save() {
+  cairo_save(_context);
+  states.emplace(states.top());
+  state = &states.top();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Restore cairo / canvas state.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::restore() {
+  if (states.size() > 1) {
+    cairo_restore(_context);
+    states.pop();
+    state = &states.top();
+    pango_layout_set_font_description(_layout, state->fontDescription);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Save flat path.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::savePath() {
+  _path = cairo_copy_path_flat(_context);
+  cairo_new_path(_context);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Restore flat path.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::restorePath() {
+  cairo_new_path(_context);
+  cairo_append_path(_context, _path);
+  cairo_path_destroy(_path);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create temporary surface for gradient or pattern transparency
+ */
+cairo_pattern_t*
+create_transparent_gradient(cairo_pattern_t *source, float alpha) {
+  double x0;
+  double y0;
+  double x1;
+  double y1;
+  double r0;
+  double r1;
+  int count;
+  int i;
+  double offset;
+  double r;
+  double g;
+  double b;
+  double a;
+  cairo_pattern_t *newGradient;
+  cairo_pattern_type_t type = cairo_pattern_get_type(source);
+  cairo_pattern_get_color_stop_count(source, &count);
+  if (type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_LINEAR) {
+    cairo_pattern_get_linear_points (source, &x0, &y0, &x1, &y1);
+    newGradient = cairo_pattern_create_linear(x0, y0, x1, y1);
+  } else if (type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_RADIAL) {
+    cairo_pattern_get_radial_circles(source, &x0, &y0, &r0, &x1, &y1, &r1);
+    newGradient = cairo_pattern_create_radial(x0, y0, r0, x1, y1, r1);
+  } else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) {
+    cairo_pattern_get_color_stop_rgba(source, i, &offset, &r, &g, &b, &a);
+    cairo_pattern_add_color_stop_rgba(newGradient, offset, r, g, b, a * alpha);
+  }
+  return newGradient;
+}
+
+cairo_pattern_t*
+create_transparent_pattern(cairo_pattern_t *source, float alpha) {
+  cairo_surface_t *surface;
+  cairo_pattern_get_surface(source, &surface);
+  int width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(surface);
+  int height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(surface);
+  cairo_surface_t *mask_surface = cairo_image_surface_create(
+    CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32,
+    width,
+    height);
+  cairo_t *mask_context = cairo_create(mask_surface);
+  if (cairo_status(mask_context) != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  cairo_set_source(mask_context, source);
+  cairo_paint_with_alpha(mask_context, alpha);
+  cairo_destroy(mask_context);
+  cairo_pattern_t* newPattern = cairo_pattern_create_for_surface(mask_surface);
+  cairo_surface_destroy(mask_surface);
+  return newPattern;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fill and apply shadow.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::setFillRule(Napi::Value value) {
+  cairo_fill_rule_t rule = CAIRO_FILL_RULE_WINDING;
+  if (value.IsString()) {
+    std::string str = value.As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value();
+    if (str == "evenodd") {
+      rule = CAIRO_FILL_RULE_EVEN_ODD;
+    }
+  }
+  cairo_set_fill_rule(_context, rule);
+}
+
+void
+Context2d::fill(bool preserve) {
+  cairo_pattern_t *new_pattern;
+  bool needsRestore = false;
+  if (state->fillPattern) {
+    if (state->globalAlpha < 1) {
+      new_pattern = create_transparent_pattern(state->fillPattern, state->globalAlpha);
+      if (new_pattern == NULL) {
+        Napi::Error::New(env, "Failed to initialize context").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        // failed to allocate
+        return;
+      }
+      cairo_set_source(_context, new_pattern);
+      cairo_pattern_destroy(new_pattern);
+    } else {
+      cairo_pattern_set_filter(state->fillPattern, state->patternQuality);
+      cairo_set_source(_context, state->fillPattern);
+    }
+    repeat_type_t repeat = Pattern::get_repeat_type_for_cairo_pattern(state->fillPattern);
+    if (repeat == NO_REPEAT) {
+      cairo_pattern_set_extend(cairo_get_source(_context), CAIRO_EXTEND_NONE);
+    } else if (repeat == REPEAT) {
+      cairo_pattern_set_extend(cairo_get_source(_context), CAIRO_EXTEND_REPEAT);
+    } else {
+      cairo_save(_context);
+      cairo_path_t *savedPath = cairo_copy_path(_context);
+      cairo_surface_t *patternSurface = nullptr;
+      cairo_pattern_get_surface(cairo_get_source(_context), &patternSurface);
+
+      double width, height;
+      if (repeat == REPEAT_X) {
+        double x1, x2;
+        cairo_path_extents(_context, &x1, nullptr, &x2, nullptr);
+        width = x2 - x1;
+        height = cairo_image_surface_get_height(patternSurface);
+      } else {
+        double y1, y2;
+        cairo_path_extents(_context, nullptr, &y1, nullptr, &y2);
+        width = cairo_image_surface_get_width(patternSurface);
+        height = y2 - y1;
+      }
+
+      cairo_new_path(_context);
+      cairo_rectangle(_context, 0, 0, width, height);
+      cairo_clip(_context);
+      cairo_append_path(_context, savedPath);
+      cairo_path_destroy(savedPath);
+      cairo_pattern_set_extend(cairo_get_source(_context), CAIRO_EXTEND_REPEAT);
+      needsRestore = true;
+    }
+  } else if (state->fillGradient) {
+    if (state->globalAlpha < 1) {
+      new_pattern = create_transparent_gradient(state->fillGradient, state->globalAlpha);
+      if (new_pattern == NULL) {
+        Napi::Error::New(env, "Unexpected gradient type").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        // failed to recognize gradient
+        return;
+      }
+      cairo_pattern_set_filter(new_pattern, state->patternQuality);
+      cairo_set_source(_context, new_pattern);
+      cairo_pattern_destroy(new_pattern);
+    } else {
+      cairo_pattern_set_filter(state->fillGradient, state->patternQuality);
+      cairo_set_source(_context, state->fillGradient);
+    }
+  } else {
+    setSourceRGBA(state->fill);
+  }
+  if (preserve) {
+    hasShadow()
+      ? shadow(cairo_fill_preserve)
+      : cairo_fill_preserve(_context);
+  } else {
+    hasShadow()
+      ? shadow(cairo_fill)
+      : cairo_fill(_context);
+  }
+  if (needsRestore) {
+    cairo_restore(_context);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Stroke and apply shadow.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::stroke(bool preserve) {
+  cairo_pattern_t *new_pattern;
+  if (state->strokePattern) {
+    if (state->globalAlpha < 1) {
+      new_pattern = create_transparent_pattern(state->strokePattern, state->globalAlpha);
+      if (new_pattern == NULL) {
+        Napi::Error::New(env, "Failed to initialize context").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        // failed to allocate
+        return;
+      }
+      cairo_set_source(_context, new_pattern);
+      cairo_pattern_destroy(new_pattern);
+    } else {
+      cairo_pattern_set_filter(state->strokePattern, state->patternQuality);
+      cairo_set_source(_context, state->strokePattern);
+    }
+    repeat_type_t repeat = Pattern::get_repeat_type_for_cairo_pattern(state->strokePattern);
+    if (NO_REPEAT == repeat) {
+      cairo_pattern_set_extend(cairo_get_source(_context), CAIRO_EXTEND_NONE);
+    } else {
+      cairo_pattern_set_extend(cairo_get_source(_context), CAIRO_EXTEND_REPEAT);
+    }
+  } else if (state->strokeGradient) {
+    if (state->globalAlpha < 1) {
+      new_pattern = create_transparent_gradient(state->strokeGradient, state->globalAlpha);
+      if (new_pattern == NULL) {
+        Napi::Error::New(env, "Unexpected gradient type").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        // failed to recognize gradient
+        return;
+      }
+      cairo_pattern_set_filter(new_pattern, state->patternQuality);
+      cairo_set_source(_context, new_pattern);
+      cairo_pattern_destroy(new_pattern);
+    } else {
+      cairo_pattern_set_filter(state->strokeGradient, state->patternQuality);
+      cairo_set_source(_context, state->strokeGradient);
+    }
+  } else {
+    setSourceRGBA(state->stroke);
+  }
+
+  if (preserve) {
+    hasShadow()
+      ? shadow(cairo_stroke_preserve)
+      : cairo_stroke_preserve(_context);
+  } else {
+    hasShadow()
+      ? shadow(cairo_stroke)
+      : cairo_stroke(_context);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Apply shadow with the given draw fn.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::shadow(void (fn)(cairo_t *cr)) {
+  cairo_path_t *path = cairo_copy_path_flat(_context);
+  cairo_save(_context);
+
+  // shadowOffset is unaffected by current transform
+  cairo_matrix_t path_matrix;
+  cairo_get_matrix(_context, &path_matrix);
+  cairo_identity_matrix(_context);
+
+  // Apply shadow
+  cairo_push_group(_context);
+
+  // No need to invoke blur if shadowBlur is 0
+  if (state->shadowBlur) {
+    // find out extent of path
+    double x1, y1, x2, y2;
+    if (fn == cairo_fill || fn == cairo_fill_preserve) {
+      cairo_fill_extents(_context, &x1, &y1, &x2, &y2);
+    } else {
+      cairo_stroke_extents(_context, &x1, &y1, &x2, &y2);
+    }
+
+    // create new image surface that size + padding for blurring
+    double dx = x2-x1, dy = y2-y1;
+    cairo_user_to_device_distance(_context, &dx, &dy);
+    int pad = state->shadowBlur * 2;
+    cairo_surface_t *shadow_surface = cairo_image_surface_create(
+      CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32,
+      dx + 2 * pad,
+      dy + 2 * pad);
+    cairo_t *shadow_context = cairo_create(shadow_surface);
+
+    // transform path to the right place
+    cairo_translate(shadow_context, pad-x1, pad-y1);
+    cairo_transform(shadow_context, &path_matrix);
+
+    // set lineCap lineJoin lineDash
+    cairo_set_line_cap(shadow_context, cairo_get_line_cap(_context));
+    cairo_set_line_join(shadow_context, cairo_get_line_join(_context));
+
+    double offset;
+    int dashes = cairo_get_dash_count(_context);
+    std::vector<double> a(dashes);
+    cairo_get_dash(_context, a.data(), &offset);
+    cairo_set_dash(shadow_context, a.data(), dashes, offset);
+
+    // draw the path and blur
+    cairo_set_line_width(shadow_context, cairo_get_line_width(_context));
+    cairo_new_path(shadow_context);
+    cairo_append_path(shadow_context, path);
+    setSourceRGBA(shadow_context, state->shadow);
+    fn(shadow_context);
+    blur(shadow_surface, state->shadowBlur);
+
+    // paint to original context
+    cairo_set_source_surface(_context, shadow_surface,
+      x1 - pad + state->shadowOffsetX + 1,
+      y1 - pad + state->shadowOffsetY + 1);
+    cairo_paint(_context);
+    cairo_destroy(shadow_context);
+    cairo_surface_destroy(shadow_surface);
+  } else {
+    // Offset first, then apply path's transform
+    cairo_translate(
+        _context
+      , state->shadowOffsetX
+      , state->shadowOffsetY);
+    cairo_transform(_context, &path_matrix);
+
+    // Apply shadow
+    cairo_new_path(_context);
+    cairo_append_path(_context, path);
+    setSourceRGBA(state->shadow);
+
+    fn(_context);
+  }
+
+  // Paint the shadow
+  cairo_pop_group_to_source(_context);
+  cairo_paint(_context);
+
+  // Restore state
+  cairo_restore(_context);
+  cairo_new_path(_context);
+  cairo_append_path(_context, path);
+  fn(_context);
+
+  cairo_path_destroy(path);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set source RGBA for the current context
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::setSourceRGBA(rgba_t color) {
+  setSourceRGBA(_context, color);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set source RGBA
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::setSourceRGBA(cairo_t *ctx, rgba_t color) {
+  cairo_set_source_rgba(
+      ctx
+    , color.r
+    , color.g
+    , color.b
+    , color.a * state->globalAlpha);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if the context has a drawable shadow.
+ */
+
+bool
+Context2d::hasShadow() {
+  return state->shadow.a
+    && (state->shadowBlur || state->shadowOffsetX || state->shadowOffsetY);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Blur the given surface with the given radius.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::blur(cairo_surface_t *surface, int radius) {
+  // Steve Hanov, 2009
+  // Released into the public domain.
+  radius = radius * 0.57735f + 0.5f;
+  // get width, height
+  int width = cairo_image_surface_get_width( surface );
+  int height = cairo_image_surface_get_height( surface );
+  const unsigned int size = width * height * sizeof(unsigned);
+  unsigned* precalc = (unsigned*)malloc(size);
+  cairo_surface_flush( surface );
+  unsigned char* src = cairo_image_surface_get_data( surface );
+  double mul=1.f/((radius*2)*(radius*2));
+  int channel;
+
+  // The number of times to perform the averaging. According to wikipedia,
+  // three iterations is good enough to pass for a gaussian.
+  const int MAX_ITERATIONS = 3;
+  int iteration;
+
+  for ( iteration = 0; iteration < MAX_ITERATIONS; iteration++ ) {
+      for( channel = 0; channel < 4; channel++ ) {
+          int x,y;
+
+          // precomputation step.
+          unsigned char* pix = src;
+          unsigned* pre = precalc;
+
+          bool modified = false;
+
+          pix += channel;
+          for (y=0;y<height;y++) {
+              for (x=0;x<width;x++) {
+                  int tot=pix[0];
+                  if (x>0) tot+=pre[-1];
+                  if (y>0) tot+=pre[-width];
+                  if (x>0 && y>0) tot-=pre[-width-1];
+                  *pre++=tot;
+                  if (!modified) modified = true;
+                  pix += 4;
+              }
+          }
+
+          if (!modified) {
+              memset(precalc, 0, size);
+          }
+
+          // blur step.
+          pix = src + (int)radius * width * 4 + (int)radius * 4 + channel;
+          for (y=radius;y<height-radius;y++) {
+              for (x=radius;x<width-radius;x++) {
+                  int l = x < radius ? 0 : x - radius;
+                  int t = y < radius ? 0 : y - radius;
+                  int r = x + radius >= width ? width - 1 : x + radius;
+                  int b = y + radius >= height ? height - 1 : y + radius;
+                  int tot = precalc[r+b*width] + precalc[l+t*width] -
+                      precalc[l+b*width] - precalc[r+t*width];
+                  *pix=(unsigned char)(tot*mul);
+                  pix += 4;
+              }
+              pix += (int)radius * 2 * 4;
+          }
+      }
+  }
+
+  cairo_surface_mark_dirty(surface);
+  free(precalc);
+}
+
+/*
+* Get format (string).
+*/
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetFormat(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  std::string pixelFormatString;
+  switch (canvas()->getFormat()) {
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32: pixelFormatString = "RGBA32"; break;
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24: pixelFormatString = "RGB24"; break;
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_A8: pixelFormatString = "A8"; break;
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_A1: pixelFormatString = "A1"; break;
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB16_565: pixelFormatString = "RGB16_565"; break;
+#ifdef CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB30
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB30: pixelFormatString = "RGB30"; break;
+#endif
+  default: return env.Null();
+  }
+  return Napi::String::New(env, pixelFormatString);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a new page.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::AddPage(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  if (!canvas()->isPDF()) {
+    Napi::Error::New(env, "only PDF canvases support .addPage()").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return;
+  }
+  cairo_show_page(context());
+  Napi::Number zero = Napi::Number::New(env, 0);
+  int width = info[0].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Int32Value();
+  int height = info[1].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Int32Value();
+  if (width < 1) width = canvas()->getWidth();
+  if (height < 1) height = canvas()->getHeight();
+  cairo_pdf_surface_set_size(canvas()->ensureSurface(), width, height);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get text direction.
+ */
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetDirection(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::String::New(env, state->direction);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set text direction.
+ */
+void
+Context2d::SetDirection(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  if (!value.IsString()) return;
+
+  std::string dir = value.As<Napi::String>();
+  if (dir != "ltr" && dir != "rtl") return;
+
+  state->direction = dir;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get language.
+ */
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetLanguage(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::String::New(env, state->lang);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set language.
+ */
+void
+Context2d::SetLanguage(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  if (!value.IsString()) return;
+
+  std::string lang = value.As<Napi::String>();
+  state->lang = lang;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Put image data.
+ *
+ *  - imageData, dx, dy
+ *  - imageData, dx, dy, sx, sy, sw, sh
+ *
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::PutImageData(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  if (!info[0].IsObject()) {
+    Napi::TypeError::New(env, "ImageData expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return;
+  }
+  Napi::Object obj = info[0].As<Napi::Object>();
+  InstanceData* data = env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>();
+  if (!obj.InstanceOf(data->ImageDataCtor.Value()).UnwrapOr(false)) {
+    if (!env.IsExceptionPending()) {
+      Napi::TypeError::New(env, "ImageData expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ImageData *imageData = ImageData::Unwrap(obj);
+  Napi::Number zero = Napi::Number::New(env, 0);
+
+  uint8_t *src = imageData->data();
+  uint8_t *dst = canvas()->data();
+
+  if (dst == nullptr) {
+    Napi::Error::New(env, "Not an image canvas").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  int dstStride = canvas()->stride();
+  int Bpp = dstStride / canvas()->getWidth();
+  int srcStride = Bpp * imageData->width();
+
+  int64_t sx = 0
+    , sy = 0
+    , sw = 0
+    , sh = 0
+    , dx = info[1].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Int32Value()
+    , dy = info[2].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Int32Value()
+    , rows
+    , cols;
+
+  switch (info.Length()) {
+    // imageData, dx, dy
+    case 3:
+      sw = imageData->width();
+      sh = imageData->height();
+      break;
+    // imageData, dx, dy, sx, sy, sw, sh
+    case 7:
+      sx = info[3].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Int32Value();
+      sy = info[4].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Int32Value();
+      sw = info[5].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Int32Value();
+      sh = info[6].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Int32Value();
+      // fix up negative height, width
+      if (sw < 0) sx += sw, sw = -sw;
+      if (sh < 0) sy += sh, sh = -sh;
+      // clamp the left edge
+      if (sx < 0) sw += sx, sx = 0;
+      if (sy < 0) sh += sy, sy = 0;
+      // clamp the right edge
+      if (sx + sw > imageData->width()) sw = imageData->width() - sx;
+      if (sy + sh > imageData->height()) sh = imageData->height() - sy;
+      // start destination at source offset
+      dx += sx;
+      dy += sy;
+      break;
+    default:
+      Napi::Error::New(env, "invalid arguments").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+      return;
+  }
+
+  // chop off outlying source data
+  if (dx < 0) sw += dx, sx -= dx, dx = 0;
+  if (dy < 0) sh += dy, sy -= dy, dy = 0;
+  // clamp width at canvas size
+  // Need to wrap std::min calls using parens to prevent macro expansion on
+  // windows. See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5004858/stdmin-gives-error
+  cols = (std::min)(sw, (int)canvas()->getWidth() - dx);
+  rows = (std::min)(sh, (int)canvas()->getHeight() - dy);
+
+  if (cols <= 0 || rows <= 0) return;
+
+  switch (canvas()->getFormat()) {
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32: {
+    src += sy * srcStride + sx * 4;
+    dst += dstStride * dy + 4 * dx;
+    for (int y = 0; y < rows; ++y) {
+      uint8_t *dstRow = dst;
+      uint8_t *srcRow = src;
+      for (int x = 0; x < cols; ++x) {
+        // rgba
+        uint8_t r = *srcRow++;
+        uint8_t g = *srcRow++;
+        uint8_t b = *srcRow++;
+        uint8_t a = *srcRow++;
+
+        // argb
+        // performance optimization: fully transparent/opaque pixels can be
+        // processed more efficiently.
+        if (a == 0) {
+          *dstRow++ = 0;
+          *dstRow++ = 0;
+          *dstRow++ = 0;
+          *dstRow++ = 0;
+        } else if (a == 255) {
+          *dstRow++ = b;
+          *dstRow++ = g;
+          *dstRow++ = r;
+          *dstRow++ = a;
+        } else {
+          float alpha = (float)a / 255;
+          *dstRow++ = b * alpha;
+          *dstRow++ = g * alpha;
+          *dstRow++ = r * alpha;
+          *dstRow++ = a;
+        }
+      }
+      dst += dstStride;
+      src += srcStride;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24: {
+    src += sy * srcStride + sx * 4;
+    dst += dstStride * dy + 4 * dx;
+    for (int y = 0; y < rows; ++y) {
+      uint8_t *dstRow = dst;
+      uint8_t *srcRow = src;
+      for (int x = 0; x < cols; ++x) {
+        // rgba
+        uint8_t r = *srcRow++;
+        uint8_t g = *srcRow++;
+        uint8_t b = *srcRow++;
+        srcRow++;
+
+        // argb
+        *dstRow++ = b;
+        *dstRow++ = g;
+        *dstRow++ = r;
+        *dstRow++ = 255;
+      }
+      dst += dstStride;
+      src += srcStride;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_A8: {
+    src += sy * srcStride + sx;
+    dst += dstStride * dy + dx;
+    if (srcStride == dstStride && cols == dstStride) {
+      // fast path: strides are the same and doing a full-width put
+      memcpy(dst, src, cols * rows);
+    } else {
+      for (int y = 0; y < rows; ++y) {
+        memcpy(dst, src, cols);
+        dst += dstStride;
+        src += srcStride;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_A1: {
+    // TODO Should this be totally packed, or maintain a stride divisible by 4?
+    Napi::Error::New(env, "putImageData for CANVAS_FORMAT_A1 is not yet implemented").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+
+    break;
+  }
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB16_565: {
+    src += sy * srcStride + sx * 2;
+    dst += dstStride * dy + 2 * dx;
+    for (int y = 0; y < rows; ++y) {
+      memcpy(dst, src, cols * 2);
+      dst += dstStride;
+      src += srcStride;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+#ifdef CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB30
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB30: {
+    // TODO
+    Napi::Error::New(env, "putImageData for CANVAS_FORMAT_RGB30 is not yet implemented").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+
+    break;
+  }
+#endif
+  default: {
+    Napi::Error::New(env, "Invalid pixel format").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return;
+  }
+  }
+
+  cairo_surface_mark_dirty_rectangle(
+      canvas()->ensureSurface()
+    , dx
+    , dy
+    , cols
+    , rows);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get image data.
+ *
+ *  - sx, sy, sw, sh
+ *
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetImageData(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Number zero = Napi::Number::New(env, 0);
+  Canvas *canvas = this->canvas();
+
+  // 64 bit integers for when (1) both sx, sw or sy, sh are negative (2) sx and
+  // sy are decreased (3) signs are flipped
+  int64_t sx = info[0].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Int32Value();
+  int64_t sy = info[1].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Int32Value();
+  int64_t sw = info[2].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Int32Value();
+  int64_t sh = info[3].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Int32Value();
+
+  if (!sw) {
+    Napi::Error::New(env, "IndexSizeError: The source width is 0.").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return env.Undefined();
+  }
+  if (!sh) {
+    Napi::Error::New(env, "IndexSizeError: The source height is 0.").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return env.Undefined();
+  }
+
+  int width = canvas->getWidth();
+  int height = canvas->getHeight();
+
+  if (!width) {
+    Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Canvas width is 0").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return env.Undefined();
+  }
+  if (!height) {
+    Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Canvas height is 0").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return env.Undefined();
+  }
+
+  // WebKit and Firefox have this behavior:
+  // Flip the coordinates so the origin is top/left-most:
+  if (sw < 0) {
+    sx += sw;
+    sw = -sw;
+  }
+  if (sh < 0) {
+    sy += sh;
+    sh = -sh;
+  }
+
+  // Width and height to actually copy
+  int64_t cw = sw;
+  int64_t ch = sh;
+  // Offsets in the destination image
+  int64_t ox = 0;
+  int64_t oy = 0;
+
+  // Clamp the copy width and height if the copy would go outside the image
+  if (sx + sw > width) cw = width - sx;
+  if (sy + sh > height) ch = height - sy;
+
+  // Clamp the copy origin if the copy would go outside the image
+  if (sx < 0) {
+    ox = -sx;
+    cw += sx;
+    sx = 0;
+  }
+  if (sy < 0) {
+    oy = -sy;
+    ch += sy;
+    sy = 0;
+  }
+
+  int srcStride = canvas->stride();
+  int bpp = srcStride / width;
+  // Note: barely fits: INT32_MAX * INT32_MAX * 4. Bpp can't be bigger than 4!
+  uint64_t size = (uint64_t)sw * sh * bpp;
+  int64_t dstStride = sw * bpp;
+
+  if (size > INT32_MAX) {
+    // INT32_MAX is what Firefox limits the buffer to
+    std::string msg = "buffer exceeds " + std::to_string(INT32_MAX) + " bytes";
+    Napi::Error::New(env, msg).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return env.Undefined();
+  }
+
+  uint8_t *src = canvas->data();
+
+  if (src == nullptr) {
+    Napi::Error::New(env, "Not an image canvas").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return env.Null();
+  }
+
+  Napi::ArrayBuffer buffer = Napi::ArrayBuffer::New(env, size);
+  Napi::TypedArray dataArray;
+
+  if (canvas->getFormat() == CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB16_565) {
+    dataArray = Napi::Uint16Array::New(env, size >> 1, buffer, 0);
+  } else {
+    dataArray = Napi::Uint8Array::New(env, size, buffer, 0, napi_uint8_clamped_array);
+  }
+
+  uint8_t *dst = (uint8_t *)buffer.Data();
+
+  if (!(cw > 0 && ch > 0)) goto return_empty;
+
+  switch (canvas->getFormat()) {
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32: {
+    dst += oy * dstStride + ox * 4;
+    // Rearrange alpha (argb -> rgba), undo alpha pre-multiplication,
+    // and store in big-endian format
+    for (int y = 0; y < ch; ++y) {
+      uint32_t *row = (uint32_t *)(src + srcStride * (y + sy));
+      for (int x = 0; x < cw; ++x) {
+        int bx = x * 4;
+        uint32_t *pixel = row + x + sx;
+        uint8_t a = *pixel >> 24;
+        uint8_t r = *pixel >> 16;
+        uint8_t g = *pixel >> 8;
+        uint8_t b = *pixel;
+        dst[bx + 3] = a;
+
+        // Performance optimization: fully transparent/opaque pixels can be
+        // processed more efficiently.
+        if (a == 0 || a == 255) {
+          dst[bx + 0] = r;
+          dst[bx + 1] = g;
+          dst[bx + 2] = b;
+        } else {
+          // Undo alpha pre-multiplication
+          float alphaR = (float)255 / a;
+          dst[bx + 0] = (int)((float)r * alphaR);
+          dst[bx + 1] = (int)((float)g * alphaR);
+          dst[bx + 2] = (int)((float)b * alphaR);
+        }
+
+      }
+      dst += dstStride;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24: {
+    dst += oy * dstStride + ox * 4;
+  // Rearrange alpha (argb -> rgba) and store in big-endian format
+    for (int y = 0; y < ch; ++y) {
+    uint32_t *row = (uint32_t *)(src + srcStride * (y + sy));
+    for (int x = 0; x < cw; ++x) {
+      int bx = x * 4;
+      uint32_t *pixel = row + x + sx;
+      uint8_t r = *pixel >> 16;
+      uint8_t g = *pixel >> 8;
+      uint8_t b = *pixel;
+
+      dst[bx + 0] = r;
+      dst[bx + 1] = g;
+      dst[bx + 2] = b;
+      dst[bx + 3] = 255;
+    }
+    dst += dstStride;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_A8: {
+    dst += oy * dstStride + ox;
+    for (int y = 0; y < ch; ++y) {
+      uint8_t *row = (uint8_t *)(src + srcStride * (y + sy));
+      memcpy(dst, row + sx, cw);
+      dst += dstStride;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_A1: {
+    // TODO Should this be totally packed, or maintain a stride divisible by 4?
+    Napi::Error::New(env, "getImageData for CANVAS_FORMAT_A1 is not yet implemented").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+
+    break;
+  }
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB16_565: {
+    dst += oy * dstStride + ox * 2;
+    for (int y = 0; y < ch; ++y) {
+      uint16_t *row = (uint16_t *)(src + srcStride * (y + sy));
+      memcpy(dst, row + sx, cw * 2);
+      dst += dstStride;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+#ifdef CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB30
+  case CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB30: {
+    // TODO
+    Napi::Error::New(env, "getImageData for CANVAS_FORMAT_RGB30 is not yet implemented").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+
+    break;
+  }
+#endif
+  default: {
+    // Unlikely
+    Napi::Error::New(env, "Invalid pixel format").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return env.Null();
+  }
+  }
+
+return_empty:
+  Napi::Number swHandle = Napi::Number::New(env, sw);
+  Napi::Number shHandle = Napi::Number::New(env, sh);
+  Napi::Function ctor = env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>()->ImageDataCtor.Value();
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::Object> ret = ctor.New({ dataArray, swHandle, shHandle });
+
+  return ret.IsJust() ? ret.Unwrap() : env.Undefined();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create `ImageData` with the given dimensions or
+ * `ImageData` instance for dimensions.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::CreateImageData(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info){
+  Canvas *canvas = this->canvas();
+  Napi::Number zero = Napi::Number::New(env, 0);
+  uint32_t width, height;
+
+  if (info[0].IsObject()) {
+    Napi::Object obj = info[0].As<Napi::Object>();
+    width = obj.Get("width").UnwrapOr(zero).ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Uint32Value();
+    height = obj.Get("height").UnwrapOr(zero).ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Uint32Value();
+  } else {
+    width = info[0].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Uint32Value();
+    height = info[1].ToNumber().UnwrapOr(zero).Uint32Value();
+  }
+
+  int stride = canvas->stride();
+  double Bpp = static_cast<double>(stride) / canvas->getWidth();
+  int64_t nBytes = Bpp * width * height + .5;
+
+  if (nBytes > INT32_MAX) {
+    // INT32_MAX is what Firefox limits the buffer to
+    std::string msg = "buffer exceeds " + std::to_string(INT32_MAX) + " bytes";
+    Napi::Error::New(env, msg).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return env.Undefined();
+  }
+
+  Napi::ArrayBuffer ab = Napi::ArrayBuffer::New(env, nBytes);
+  Napi::Value arr;
+
+  if (canvas->getFormat() == CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB16_565)
+    arr = Napi::Uint16Array::New(env, nBytes / 2, ab, 0);
+  else
+    arr = Napi::Uint8Array::New(env, nBytes, ab, 0, napi_uint8_clamped_array);
+
+  Napi::Function ctor = env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>()->ImageDataCtor.Value();
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::Object> ret = ctor.New({ arr, Napi::Number::New(env, width), Napi::Number::New(env, height) });
+
+  return ret.IsJust() ? ret.Unwrap() : env.Undefined();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Take a transform matrix and return its components
+ * 0: angle, 1: scaleX, 2: scaleY, 3: skewX, 4: translateX, 5: translateY
+ */
+void decompose_matrix(cairo_matrix_t matrix, double *destination) {
+  double denom = pow(matrix.xx, 2) + pow(matrix.yx, 2);
+  destination[0] = atan2(matrix.yx, matrix.xx);
+  destination[1] = sqrt(denom);
+  destination[2] = (matrix.xx * matrix.yy - matrix.xy * matrix.yx) / destination[1];
+  destination[3] = atan2(matrix.xx * matrix.xy + matrix.yx * matrix.yy, denom);
+  destination[4] = matrix.x0;
+  destination[5] = matrix.y0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Draw image src image to the destination (context).
+ *
+ *  - dx, dy
+ *  - dx, dy, dw, dh
+ *  - sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh
+ *
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::DrawImage(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  int infoLen = info.Length();
+
+  if (infoLen != 3 && infoLen != 5 && infoLen != 9) {
+    Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Invalid arguments").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!info[0].IsObject()) {
+    Napi::TypeError::New(env, "The first argument must be an object").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  double args[8];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, infoLen - 1, 1))
+    return;
+
+  double sx = 0
+    , sy = 0
+    , sw = 0
+    , sh = 0
+    , dx = 0
+    , dy = 0
+    , dw = 0
+    , dh = 0
+    , source_w = 0
+    , source_h = 0;
+
+  cairo_surface_t *surface;
+
+  Napi::Object obj = info[0].As<Napi::Object>();
+
+  // Image
+  if (obj.InstanceOf(env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>()->ImageCtor.Value()).UnwrapOr(false)) {
+    Image *img = Image::Unwrap(obj);
+    if (!img->isComplete()) {
+      Napi::Error::New(env, "Image given has not completed loading").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+      return;
+    }
+    source_w = sw = img->width;
+    source_h = sh = img->height;
+    surface = img->surface();
+
+  // Canvas
+  } else if (obj.InstanceOf(env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>()->CanvasCtor.Value()).UnwrapOr(false)) {
+    Canvas *canvas = Canvas::Unwrap(obj);
+    source_w = sw = canvas->getWidth();
+    source_h = sh = canvas->getHeight();
+    surface = canvas->ensureSurface();
+
+  // Invalid
+  } else {
+    if (!env.IsExceptionPending()) {
+      Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Image or Canvas expected").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+
+  // Arguments
+  switch (infoLen) {
+    // img, sx, sy, sw, sh, dx, dy, dw, dh
+    case 9:
+      sx = args[0];
+      sy = args[1];
+      sw = args[2];
+      sh = args[3];
+      dx = args[4];
+      dy = args[5];
+      dw = args[6];
+      dh = args[7];
+      break;
+    // img, dx, dy, dw, dh
+    case 5:
+      dx = args[0];
+      dy = args[1];
+      dw = args[2];
+      dh = args[3];
+      break;
+    // img, dx, dy
+    case 3:
+      dx = args[0];
+      dy = args[1];
+      dw = sw;
+      dh = sh;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  if (!(sw && sh && dw && dh))
+    return;
+
+  // Start draw
+  cairo_save(ctx);
+
+  cairo_matrix_t matrix;
+  double transforms[6];
+  cairo_get_matrix(ctx, &matrix);
+  decompose_matrix(matrix, transforms);
+  // extract the scale value from the current transform so that we know how many pixels we
+  // need for our extra canvas in the drawImage operation.
+  double current_scale_x = std::abs(transforms[1]);
+  double current_scale_y = std::abs(transforms[2]);
+  double extra_dx = 0;
+  double extra_dy = 0;
+  double fx = dw / sw * current_scale_x; // transforms[1] is scale on X
+  double fy = dh / sh * current_scale_y; // transforms[2] is scale on X
+  bool needScale = dw != sw || dh != sh;
+  bool needCut = sw != source_w || sh != source_h || sx < 0 || sy < 0;
+  bool sameCanvas = surface == canvas()->ensureSurface();
+  bool needsExtraSurface = sameCanvas || needCut || needScale;
+  cairo_surface_t *surfTemp = NULL;
+  cairo_t *ctxTemp = NULL;
+
+  if (needsExtraSurface) {
+    // we want to create the extra surface as small as possible.
+    // fx and fy are the total scaling we need to apply to sw, sh.
+    // from sw and sh we want to remove the part that is outside the source_w and soruce_h
+    double real_w = sw;
+    double real_h = sh;
+    double translate_x = 0;
+    double translate_y = 0;
+    // if sx or sy are negative, a part of the area represented by sw and sh is empty
+    // because there are empty pixels, so we cut it out.
+    // On the other hand if sx or sy are positive, but sw and sh extend outside the real
+    // source pixels, we cut the area in that case too.
+    if (sx < 0) {
+      extra_dx = -sx * fx;
+      real_w = sw + sx;
+    } else if (sx + sw > source_w) {
+      real_w = sw - (sx + sw - source_w);
+    }
+    if (sy < 0) {
+      extra_dy = -sy * fy;
+      real_h = sh + sy;
+    } else if (sy + sh > source_h) {
+      real_h = sh - (sy + sh - source_h);
+    }
+    // if after cutting we are still bigger than source pixels, we restrict again
+    if (real_w > source_w) {
+      real_w = source_w;
+    }
+    if (real_h > source_h) {
+      real_h = source_h;
+    }
+    // TODO: find a way to limit the surfTemp to real_w and real_h if fx and fy are bigger than 1.
+    // there are no more pixel than the one available in the source, no need to create a bigger surface.
+    surfTemp = cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, round(real_w * fx), round(real_h * fy));
+    ctxTemp = cairo_create(surfTemp);
+    cairo_scale(ctxTemp, fx, fy);
+    if (sx > 0) {
+      translate_x = sx;
+    }
+    if (sy > 0) {
+      translate_y = sy;
+    }
+    cairo_set_source_surface(ctxTemp, surface, -translate_x, -translate_y);
+    cairo_pattern_set_filter(cairo_get_source(ctxTemp), state->imageSmoothingEnabled ? state->patternQuality : CAIRO_FILTER_NEAREST);
+    cairo_pattern_set_extend(cairo_get_source(ctxTemp), CAIRO_EXTEND_REFLECT);
+    cairo_paint_with_alpha(ctxTemp, 1);
+    surface = surfTemp;
+  }
+  // apply shadow if there is one
+  if (hasShadow()) {
+    if(state->shadowBlur) {
+      // we need to create a new surface in order to blur
+      int pad = state->shadowBlur * 2;
+      cairo_surface_t *shadow_surface = cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, dw + 2 * pad, dh + 2 * pad);
+      cairo_t *shadow_context = cairo_create(shadow_surface);
+
+      // mask and blur
+      setSourceRGBA(shadow_context, state->shadow);
+      cairo_mask_surface(shadow_context, surface, pad, pad);
+      blur(shadow_surface, state->shadowBlur);
+
+      // paint
+      // @note: ShadowBlur looks different in each browser. This implementation matches chrome as close as possible.
+      //        The 1.4 offset comes from visual tests with Chrome. I have read the spec and part of the shadowBlur
+      //        implementation, and its not immediately clear why an offset is necessary, but without it, the result
+      //        in chrome is different.
+      cairo_set_source_surface(ctx, shadow_surface,
+        dx + state->shadowOffsetX - pad + 1.4,
+        dy + state->shadowOffsetY - pad + 1.4);
+      cairo_paint(ctx);
+      // cleanup
+      cairo_destroy(shadow_context);
+      cairo_surface_destroy(shadow_surface);
+    } else {
+      setSourceRGBA(state->shadow);
+      cairo_mask_surface(ctx, surface,
+        dx + (state->shadowOffsetX),
+        dy + (state->shadowOffsetY));
+    }
+  }
+
+  double scaled_dx = dx;
+  double scaled_dy = dy;
+
+  if (needsExtraSurface && (current_scale_x != 1 || current_scale_y != 1)) {
+    // in this case our surface contains already current_scale_x, we need to scale back
+    cairo_scale(ctx, 1 / current_scale_x, 1 / current_scale_y);
+    scaled_dx *= current_scale_x;
+    scaled_dy *= current_scale_y;
+  }
+  // Paint
+  cairo_set_source_surface(ctx, surface, scaled_dx + extra_dx, scaled_dy + extra_dy);
+  cairo_pattern_set_filter(cairo_get_source(ctx), state->imageSmoothingEnabled ? state->patternQuality : CAIRO_FILTER_NEAREST);
+  cairo_pattern_set_extend(cairo_get_source(ctx), CAIRO_EXTEND_NONE);
+  cairo_paint_with_alpha(ctx, state->globalAlpha);
+
+  cairo_restore(ctx);
+
+  if (needsExtraSurface) {
+    cairo_destroy(ctxTemp);
+    cairo_surface_destroy(surfTemp);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get global alpha.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetGlobalAlpha(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, state->globalAlpha);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set global alpha.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetGlobalAlpha(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::Number> numberValue = value.ToNumber();
+  if (numberValue.IsJust()) {
+    double n = numberValue.Unwrap().DoubleValue();
+    if (n >= 0 && n <= 1) state->globalAlpha = n;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get global composite operation.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetGlobalCompositeOperation(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+
+  const char *op{};
+  switch (cairo_get_operator(ctx)) {
+    // composite modes:
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_CLEAR: op = "clear"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE: op = "copy"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_DEST: op = "destination"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVER: op = "source-over"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_DEST_OVER: op = "destination-over"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_IN: op = "source-in"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_DEST_IN: op = "destination-in"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_OUT: op = "source-out"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_DEST_OUT: op = "destination-out"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_ATOP: op = "source-atop"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_DEST_ATOP: op = "destination-atop"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_XOR: op = "xor"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_ADD: op = "lighter"; break;
+    // blend modes:
+    // Note: "source-over" and "normal" are synonyms. Chrome and FF both report
+    // "source-over" after setting gCO to "normal".
+    // case CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVER: op = "normal";
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_MULTIPLY: op = "multiply"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_SCREEN: op = "screen"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVERLAY: op = "overlay"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_DARKEN: op = "darken"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_LIGHTEN: op = "lighten"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_COLOR_DODGE: op = "color-dodge"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_COLOR_BURN: op = "color-burn"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_HARD_LIGHT: op = "hard-light"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOFT_LIGHT: op = "soft-light"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_DIFFERENCE: op = "difference"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_EXCLUSION: op = "exclusion"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_HSL_HUE: op = "hue"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_HSL_SATURATION: op = "saturation"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_HSL_COLOR: op = "color"; break;
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_HSL_LUMINOSITY: op = "luminosity"; break;
+    // non-standard:
+    case CAIRO_OPERATOR_SATURATE: op = "saturate"; break;
+    default: op = "source-over";
+  }
+
+  return Napi::String::New(env, op);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set pattern quality.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetPatternQuality(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  if (value.IsString()) {
+    std::string quality = value.As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value();
+    if (quality == "fast") {
+      state->patternQuality = CAIRO_FILTER_FAST;
+    } else if (quality == "good") {
+      state->patternQuality = CAIRO_FILTER_GOOD;
+    } else if (quality == "best") {
+      state->patternQuality = CAIRO_FILTER_BEST;
+    } else if (quality == "nearest") {
+      state->patternQuality = CAIRO_FILTER_NEAREST;
+    } else if (quality == "bilinear") {
+      state->patternQuality = CAIRO_FILTER_BILINEAR;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get pattern quality.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetPatternQuality(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  const char *quality;
+  switch (state->patternQuality) {
+    case CAIRO_FILTER_FAST: quality = "fast"; break;
+    case CAIRO_FILTER_BEST: quality = "best"; break;
+    case CAIRO_FILTER_NEAREST: quality = "nearest"; break;
+    case CAIRO_FILTER_BILINEAR: quality = "bilinear"; break;
+    default: quality = "good";
+  }
+  return Napi::String::New(env, quality);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set ImageSmoothingEnabled value.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetImageSmoothingEnabled(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::Boolean boolValue;
+  if (value.ToBoolean().UnwrapTo(&boolValue)) state->imageSmoothingEnabled = boolValue.Value();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get pattern quality.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetImageSmoothingEnabled(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Boolean::New(env, state->imageSmoothingEnabled);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set global composite operation.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetGlobalCompositeOperation(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  cairo_t *ctx = this->context();
+  Napi::String opStr;
+  if (value.ToString().UnwrapTo(&opStr)) { // Unlike CSS colors, this *is* case-sensitive
+    const std::map<std::string, cairo_operator_t> blendmodes = {
+      // composite modes:
+      {"clear", CAIRO_OPERATOR_CLEAR},
+      {"copy", CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE},
+      {"destination", CAIRO_OPERATOR_DEST}, // this seems to have been omitted from the spec
+      {"source-over", CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVER},
+      {"destination-over", CAIRO_OPERATOR_DEST_OVER},
+      {"source-in", CAIRO_OPERATOR_IN},
+      {"destination-in", CAIRO_OPERATOR_DEST_IN},
+      {"source-out", CAIRO_OPERATOR_OUT},
+      {"destination-out", CAIRO_OPERATOR_DEST_OUT},
+      {"source-atop", CAIRO_OPERATOR_ATOP},
+      {"destination-atop", CAIRO_OPERATOR_DEST_ATOP},
+      {"xor", CAIRO_OPERATOR_XOR},
+      {"lighter", CAIRO_OPERATOR_ADD},
+      // blend modes:
+      {"normal", CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVER},
+      {"multiply", CAIRO_OPERATOR_MULTIPLY},
+      {"screen", CAIRO_OPERATOR_SCREEN},
+      {"overlay", CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVERLAY},
+      {"darken", CAIRO_OPERATOR_DARKEN},
+      {"lighten", CAIRO_OPERATOR_LIGHTEN},
+      {"color-dodge", CAIRO_OPERATOR_COLOR_DODGE},
+      {"color-burn", CAIRO_OPERATOR_COLOR_BURN},
+      {"hard-light", CAIRO_OPERATOR_HARD_LIGHT},
+      {"soft-light", CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOFT_LIGHT},
+      {"difference", CAIRO_OPERATOR_DIFFERENCE},
+      {"exclusion", CAIRO_OPERATOR_EXCLUSION},
+      {"hue", CAIRO_OPERATOR_HSL_HUE},
+      {"saturation", CAIRO_OPERATOR_HSL_SATURATION},
+      {"color", CAIRO_OPERATOR_HSL_COLOR},
+      {"luminosity", CAIRO_OPERATOR_HSL_LUMINOSITY},
+      // non-standard:
+      {"saturate", CAIRO_OPERATOR_SATURATE}
+    };
+    auto op = blendmodes.find(opStr.Utf8Value());
+    if (op != blendmodes.end()) cairo_set_operator(ctx, op->second);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get shadow offset x.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetShadowOffsetX(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, state->shadowOffsetX);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set shadow offset x.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetShadowOffsetX(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::Number numberValue;
+  if (value.ToNumber().UnwrapTo(&numberValue)) state->shadowOffsetX = numberValue.DoubleValue();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get shadow offset y.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetShadowOffsetY(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, state->shadowOffsetY);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set shadow offset y.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetShadowOffsetY(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::Number numberValue;
+  if (value.ToNumber().UnwrapTo(&numberValue)) state->shadowOffsetY = numberValue.DoubleValue();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get shadow blur.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetShadowBlur(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, state->shadowBlur);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set shadow blur.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetShadowBlur(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::Number n;
+  if (value.ToNumber().UnwrapTo(&n)) {
+    double v = n.DoubleValue();
+    if (v >= 0 && v <= std::numeric_limits<decltype(state->shadowBlur)>::max()) {
+      state->shadowBlur = v;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get current antialiasing setting.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetAntiAlias(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  const char *aa;
+  switch (cairo_get_antialias(context())) {
+    case CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_NONE: aa = "none"; break;
+    case CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_GRAY: aa = "gray"; break;
+    case CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_SUBPIXEL: aa = "subpixel"; break;
+    default: aa = "default";
+  }
+  return Napi::String::New(env, aa);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set antialiasing.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetAntiAlias(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::String stringValue;
+
+  if (value.ToString().UnwrapTo(&stringValue)) {
+    std::string str = stringValue.Utf8Value();
+    cairo_t *ctx = context();
+    cairo_antialias_t a;
+    if (str == "none") {
+      a = CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_NONE;
+    } else if (str == "default") {
+      a = CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_DEFAULT;
+    } else if (str == "gray") {
+      a = CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_GRAY;
+    } else if (str == "subpixel") {
+      a = CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_SUBPIXEL;
+    } else {
+      a = cairo_get_antialias(ctx);
+    }
+    cairo_set_antialias(ctx, a);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get text drawing mode.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetTextDrawingMode(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  const char *mode;
+  if (state->textDrawingMode == TEXT_DRAW_PATHS) {
+    mode = "path";
+  } else if (state->textDrawingMode == TEXT_DRAW_GLYPHS) {
+    mode = "glyph";
+  } else {
+    mode = "unknown";
+  }
+  return Napi::String::New(env, mode);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set text drawing mode.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetTextDrawingMode(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::String stringValue;
+  if (value.ToString().UnwrapTo(&stringValue)) {
+    std::string str = stringValue.Utf8Value();
+    if (str == "path") {
+      state->textDrawingMode = TEXT_DRAW_PATHS;
+    } else if (str == "glyph") {
+      state->textDrawingMode = TEXT_DRAW_GLYPHS;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get filter.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetQuality(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  const char *filter;
+  switch (cairo_pattern_get_filter(cairo_get_source(context()))) {
+    case CAIRO_FILTER_FAST: filter = "fast"; break;
+    case CAIRO_FILTER_BEST: filter = "best"; break;
+    case CAIRO_FILTER_NEAREST: filter = "nearest"; break;
+    case CAIRO_FILTER_BILINEAR: filter = "bilinear"; break;
+    default: filter = "good";
+  }
+  return Napi::String::New(env, filter);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set filter.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetQuality(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::String stringValue;
+  if (value.ToString().UnwrapTo(&stringValue)) {
+    std::string str = stringValue.Utf8Value();
+    cairo_filter_t filter;
+    if (str == "fast") {
+      filter = CAIRO_FILTER_FAST;
+    } else if (str == "best") {
+      filter = CAIRO_FILTER_BEST;
+    } else if (str == "nearest") {
+      filter = CAIRO_FILTER_NEAREST;
+    } else if (str == "bilinear") {
+      filter = CAIRO_FILTER_BILINEAR;
+    } else {
+      filter = CAIRO_FILTER_GOOD;
+    }
+    cairo_pattern_set_filter(cairo_get_source(context()), filter);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper for get current transform matrix
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::get_current_transform() {
+  Napi::Float64Array arr = Napi::Float64Array::New(env, 6);
+  double *dest = arr.Data();
+  cairo_matrix_t matrix;
+  cairo_get_matrix(context(), &matrix);
+  dest[0] = matrix.xx;
+  dest[1] = matrix.yx;
+  dest[2] = matrix.xy;
+  dest[3] = matrix.yy;
+  dest[4] = matrix.x0;
+  dest[5] = matrix.y0;
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::Object> ret = env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>()->DOMMatrixCtor.Value().New({ arr });
+  return ret.IsJust() ? ret.Unwrap() : env.Undefined();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper for get/set transform.
+ */
+
+void parse_matrix_from_object(cairo_matrix_t &matrix, Napi::Object mat) {
+  Napi::Value zero = Napi::Number::New(mat.Env(), 0);
+  cairo_matrix_init(&matrix,
+    mat.Get("a").UnwrapOr(zero).As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue(),
+    mat.Get("b").UnwrapOr(zero).As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue(),
+    mat.Get("c").UnwrapOr(zero).As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue(),
+    mat.Get("d").UnwrapOr(zero).As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue(),
+    mat.Get("e").UnwrapOr(zero).As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue(),
+    mat.Get("f").UnwrapOr(zero).As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue()
+  );
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Get current transform.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetCurrentTransform(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return get_current_transform();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set current transform.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetCurrentTransform(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::Object mat;
+
+  if (value.ToObject().UnwrapTo(&mat)) {
+    if (!mat.InstanceOf(env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>()->DOMMatrixCtor.Value()).UnwrapOr(false)) {
+      if (!env.IsExceptionPending()) {
+        Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Expected DOMMatrix").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    cairo_matrix_t matrix;
+    parse_matrix_from_object(matrix, mat);
+
+    cairo_transform(context(), &matrix);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get current fill style.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetFillStyle(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Value style;
+
+  if (_fillStyle.IsEmpty())
+    style = _getFillColor();
+  else
+    style = _fillStyle.Value();
+
+  return style;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set current fill style.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetFillStyle(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  if (value.IsString()) {
+    _fillStyle.Reset();
+    _setFillColor(value.As<Napi::String>());
+  } else if (value.IsObject()) {
+    InstanceData *data = env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>();
+    Napi::Object obj = value.As<Napi::Object>();
+    if (obj.InstanceOf(data->CanvasGradientCtor.Value()).UnwrapOr(false)) {
+      _fillStyle.Reset(obj);
+      Gradient *grad = Gradient::Unwrap(obj);
+      state->fillGradient = grad->pattern();
+    } else if (obj.InstanceOf(data->CanvasPatternCtor.Value()).UnwrapOr(false)) {
+      _fillStyle.Reset(obj);
+      Pattern *pattern = Pattern::Unwrap(obj);
+      state->fillPattern = pattern->pattern();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get current stroke style.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetStrokeStyle(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Value style;
+
+  if (_strokeStyle.IsEmpty())
+    style = _getStrokeColor();
+  else
+    style = _strokeStyle.Value();
+
+  return style;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set current stroke style.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetStrokeStyle(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  if (value.IsString()) {
+    _strokeStyle.Reset();
+    _setStrokeColor(value.As<Napi::String>());
+  } else if (value.IsObject()) {
+    InstanceData *data = env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>();
+    Napi::Object obj = value.As<Napi::Object>();
+    if (obj.InstanceOf(data->CanvasGradientCtor.Value()).UnwrapOr(false)) {
+      _strokeStyle.Reset(obj);
+      Gradient *grad = Gradient::Unwrap(obj);
+      state->strokeGradient = grad->pattern();
+    } else if (obj.InstanceOf(data->CanvasPatternCtor.Value()).UnwrapOr(false)) {
+      _strokeStyle.Reset(value);
+      Pattern *pattern = Pattern::Unwrap(obj);
+      state->strokePattern = pattern->pattern();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get miter limit.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetMiterLimit(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, cairo_get_miter_limit(context()));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set miter limit.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetMiterLimit(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::Number> numberValue = value.ToNumber();
+  if (numberValue.IsJust()) {
+    double n = numberValue.Unwrap().DoubleValue();
+    if (n > 0) cairo_set_miter_limit(context(), n);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get line width.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetLineWidth(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, cairo_get_line_width(context()));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set line width.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetLineWidth(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::Number> numberValue = value.ToNumber();
+  if (numberValue.IsJust()) {
+    double n = numberValue.Unwrap().DoubleValue();
+    if (n > 0 && n != std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) {
+      cairo_set_line_width(context(), n);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get line join.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetLineJoin(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  const char *join;
+  switch (cairo_get_line_join(context())) {
+    case CAIRO_LINE_JOIN_BEVEL: join = "bevel"; break;
+    case CAIRO_LINE_JOIN_ROUND: join = "round"; break;
+    default: join = "miter";
+  }
+  return Napi::String::New(env, join);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set line join.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetLineJoin(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::String> stringValue = value.ToString();
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+
+  if (stringValue.IsJust()) {
+    std::string type = stringValue.Unwrap().Utf8Value();
+    if (type == "round") {
+      cairo_set_line_join(ctx, CAIRO_LINE_JOIN_ROUND);
+    } else if (type == "bevel") {
+      cairo_set_line_join(ctx, CAIRO_LINE_JOIN_BEVEL);
+    } else {
+      cairo_set_line_join(ctx, CAIRO_LINE_JOIN_MITER);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get line cap.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetLineCap(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  const char *cap;
+  switch (cairo_get_line_cap(context())) {
+    case CAIRO_LINE_CAP_ROUND: cap = "round"; break;
+    case CAIRO_LINE_CAP_SQUARE: cap = "square"; break;
+    default: cap = "butt";
+  }
+  return Napi::String::New(env, cap);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set line cap.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetLineCap(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::String> stringValue = value.ToString();
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+
+  if (stringValue.IsJust()) {
+    std::string type = stringValue.Unwrap().Utf8Value();
+    if (type == "round") {
+      cairo_set_line_cap(ctx, CAIRO_LINE_CAP_ROUND);
+    } else if (type == "square") {
+      cairo_set_line_cap(ctx, CAIRO_LINE_CAP_SQUARE);
+    } else {
+      cairo_set_line_cap(ctx, CAIRO_LINE_CAP_BUTT);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if the given point is within the current path.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::IsPointInPath(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  if (info[0].IsNumber() && info[1].IsNumber()) {
+    cairo_t *ctx = context();
+    double x = info[0].As<Napi::Number>(), y = info[1].As<Napi::Number>();
+    setFillRule(info[2]);
+    return Napi::Boolean::New(env, cairo_in_fill(ctx, x, y) || cairo_in_stroke(ctx, x, y));
+  }
+  return Napi::Boolean::New(env, false);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set shadow color.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetShadowColor(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::String> stringValue = value.ToString();
+  short ok;
+
+  if (stringValue.IsJust()) {
+    std::string str = stringValue.Unwrap().Utf8Value();
+    uint32_t rgba = rgba_from_string(str.c_str(), &ok);
+    if (ok) state->shadow = rgba_create(rgba);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get shadow color.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetShadowColor(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  char buf[64];
+  rgba_to_string(state->shadow, buf, sizeof(buf));
+  return Napi::String::New(env, buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set fill color, used internally for fillStyle=
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::_setFillColor(Napi::Value arg) {
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::String> stringValue = arg.ToString();
+  short ok;
+
+  if (stringValue.IsJust()) {
+    Napi::String str = stringValue.Unwrap();
+    char buf[128] = {0};
+    napi_status status = napi_get_value_string_utf8(env, str, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, nullptr);
+    if (status != napi_ok) return;
+    uint32_t rgba = rgba_from_string(buf, &ok);
+    if (!ok) return;
+    state->fillPattern = state->fillGradient = NULL;
+    state->fill = rgba_create(rgba);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get fill color.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::_getFillColor() {
+  char buf[64];
+  rgba_to_string(state->fill, buf, sizeof(buf));
+  return Napi::String::New(env, buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set stroke color, used internally for strokeStyle=
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::_setStrokeColor(Napi::Value arg) {
+  short ok;
+  std::string str = arg.As<Napi::String>();
+  uint32_t rgba = rgba_from_string(str.c_str(), &ok);
+  if (!ok) return;
+  state->strokePattern = state->strokeGradient = NULL;
+  state->stroke = rgba_create(rgba);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get stroke color.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::_getStrokeColor() {
+  char buf[64];
+  rgba_to_string(state->stroke, buf, sizeof(buf));
+  return Napi::String::New(env, buf);
+}
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::CreatePattern(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Function ctor = env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>()->CanvasPatternCtor.Value();
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::Object> ret = ctor.New({ info[0], info[1] });
+  return ret.IsJust() ? ret.Unwrap() : env.Undefined();
+}
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::CreateLinearGradient(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Function ctor = env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>()->CanvasGradientCtor.Value();
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::Object> ret = ctor.New({ info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3] });
+  return ret.IsJust() ? ret.Unwrap() : env.Undefined();
+
+}
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::CreateRadialGradient(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Function ctor = env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>()->CanvasGradientCtor.Value();
+  Napi::Maybe<Napi::Object> ret = ctor.New({ info[0], info[1], info[2], info[3], info[4], info[5] });
+  return ret.IsJust() ? ret.Unwrap() : env.Undefined();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Bezier curve.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::BezierCurveTo(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  double args[6];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, 6))
+    return;
+
+  cairo_curve_to(context()
+    , args[0]
+    , args[1]
+    , args[2]
+    , args[3]
+    , args[4]
+    , args[5]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Quadratic curve approximation from libsvg-cairo.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::QuadraticCurveTo(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  double args[4];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, 4))
+    return;
+
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+
+  double x, y
+    , x1 = args[0]
+    , y1 = args[1]
+    , x2 = args[2]
+    , y2 = args[3];
+
+  cairo_get_current_point(ctx, &x, &y);
+
+  if (0 == x && 0 == y) {
+    x = x1;
+    y = y1;
+  }
+
+  cairo_curve_to(ctx
+    , x  + 2.0 / 3.0 * (x1 - x),  y  + 2.0 / 3.0 * (y1 - y)
+    , x2 + 2.0 / 3.0 * (x1 - x2), y2 + 2.0 / 3.0 * (y1 - y2)
+    , x2
+    , y2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Save state.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Save(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  save();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Restore state.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Restore(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  restore();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Creates a new subpath.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::BeginPath(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  cairo_new_path(context());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Marks the subpath as closed.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::ClosePath(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  cairo_close_path(context());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Rotate transformation.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Rotate(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  double args[1];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, 1))
+    return;
+
+  cairo_rotate(context(), args[0]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Modify the CTM.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Transform(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  double args[6];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, 6))
+    return;
+
+  cairo_matrix_t matrix;
+  cairo_matrix_init(&matrix
+    , args[0]
+    , args[1]
+    , args[2]
+    , args[3]
+    , args[4]
+    , args[5]);
+
+  cairo_transform(context(), &matrix);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the CTM
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetTransform(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return get_current_transform();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset the CTM, used internally by setTransform().
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::ResetTransform(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  cairo_identity_matrix(context());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset transform matrix to identity, then apply the given args.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetTransform(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  Napi::Object mat;
+
+  if (info.Length() == 1 && info[0].ToObject().UnwrapTo(&mat)) {
+    if (!mat.InstanceOf(env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>()->DOMMatrixCtor.Value()).UnwrapOr(false)) {
+      if (!env.IsExceptionPending()) {
+        Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Expected DOMMatrix").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    cairo_matrix_t matrix;
+    parse_matrix_from_object(matrix, mat);
+
+    cairo_set_matrix(context(), &matrix);
+  } else {
+    cairo_identity_matrix(context());
+    Context2d::Transform(info);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Translate transformation.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Translate(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  double args[2];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, 2))
+    return;
+
+  cairo_translate(context(), args[0], args[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scale transformation.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Scale(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  double args[2];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, 2))
+    return;
+
+  cairo_scale(context(), args[0], args[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Use path as clipping region.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Clip(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  setFillRule(info[0]);
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+  cairo_clip_preserve(ctx);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fill the path.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Fill(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  setFillRule(info[0]);
+  fill(true);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Stroke the path.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Stroke(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  stroke(true);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper for fillText/strokeText
+ */
+
+double
+get_text_scale(PangoLayout *layout, double maxWidth) {
+
+  PangoRectangle logical_rect;
+  pango_layout_get_pixel_extents(layout, NULL, &logical_rect);
+
+  if (logical_rect.width > maxWidth) {
+    return maxWidth / logical_rect.width;
+  } else {
+    return 1.0;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make sure the layout's font list is up-to-date
+ */
+void
+Context2d::checkFonts() {
+  // If fonts have been registered, the PangoContext is using an outdated FontMap
+  if (canvas()->fontSerial != fontSerial) {
+    pango_context_set_font_map(
+      pango_layout_get_context(_layout),
+      pango_cairo_font_map_get_default()
+    );
+
+    fontSerial = canvas()->fontSerial;
+  }
+}
+
+void
+Context2d::paintText(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, bool stroke) {
+  int argsNum = info.Length() >= 4 ? 3 : 2;
+
+  if (argsNum == 3 && info[3].IsUndefined())
+    argsNum = 2;
+
+  double args[3];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, argsNum, 1))
+    return;
+
+  Napi::String strValue;
+
+  if (!info[0].ToString().UnwrapTo(&strValue)) return;
+
+  std::string str = strValue.Utf8Value();
+  double x = args[0];
+  double y = args[1];
+  double scaled_by = 1;
+
+  PangoLayout *layout = this->layout();
+
+  checkFonts();
+  pango_layout_set_text(layout, str.c_str(), -1);
+  if (state->lang != "") {
+    pango_context_set_language(pango_layout_get_context(_layout), pango_language_from_string(state->lang.c_str()));
+  }
+  pango_cairo_update_layout(context(), layout);
+
+  PangoDirection pango_dir = state->direction == "ltr" ? PANGO_DIRECTION_LTR : PANGO_DIRECTION_RTL;
+  pango_context_set_base_dir(pango_layout_get_context(_layout), pango_dir);
+
+  if (argsNum == 3) {
+    if (args[2] <= 0) return;
+    scaled_by = get_text_scale(layout, args[2]);
+    cairo_save(context());
+    cairo_scale(context(), scaled_by, 1);
+  }
+
+  savePath();
+  if (state->textDrawingMode == TEXT_DRAW_GLYPHS) {
+    if (stroke == true) { this->stroke(); } else { this->fill(); }
+    setTextPath(x / scaled_by, y);
+  } else if (state->textDrawingMode == TEXT_DRAW_PATHS) {
+    setTextPath(x / scaled_by, y);
+    if (stroke == true) { this->stroke(); } else { this->fill(); }
+  }
+  restorePath();
+  if (argsNum == 3) {
+    cairo_restore(context());
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fill text at (x, y).
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::FillText(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  paintText(info, false);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Stroke text at (x ,y).
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::StrokeText(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  paintText(info, true);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Gets the baseline adjustment in device pixels
+ */
+inline double getBaselineAdjustment(PangoLayout* layout, short baseline) {
+  PangoRectangle logical_rect;
+  pango_layout_line_get_extents(pango_layout_get_line(layout, 0), NULL, &logical_rect);
+
+  double scale = 1.0 / PANGO_SCALE;
+  double ascent = scale * pango_layout_get_baseline(layout);
+  double descent = scale * logical_rect.height - ascent;
+
+  switch (baseline) {
+  case TEXT_BASELINE_ALPHABETIC:
+    return ascent;
+  case TEXT_BASELINE_MIDDLE:
+    return (ascent + descent) / 2.0;
+  case TEXT_BASELINE_BOTTOM:
+    return ascent + descent;
+  default:
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+text_align_t
+Context2d::resolveTextAlignment() {
+  text_align_t alignment = state->textAlignment;
+
+  // Convert start/end to left/right based on direction
+  if (alignment == TEXT_ALIGNMENT_START) {
+    return (state->direction == "rtl") ? TEXT_ALIGNMENT_RIGHT : TEXT_ALIGNMENT_LEFT;
+  } else if (alignment == TEXT_ALIGNMENT_END) {
+    return (state->direction == "rtl") ? TEXT_ALIGNMENT_LEFT : TEXT_ALIGNMENT_RIGHT;
+  }
+
+  return alignment;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set text path for the string in the layout at (x, y).
+ * This function is called by paintText and won't behave correctly
+ * if is not called from there.
+ * it needs pango_layout_set_text and pango_cairo_update_layout to be called before
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::setTextPath(double x, double y) {
+  PangoRectangle logical_rect;
+  text_align_t alignment = resolveTextAlignment();
+
+  switch (alignment) {
+    case TEXT_ALIGNMENT_CENTER:
+      pango_layout_get_pixel_extents(_layout, NULL, &logical_rect);
+      x -= logical_rect.width / 2;
+      break;
+    case TEXT_ALIGNMENT_RIGHT:
+      pango_layout_get_pixel_extents(_layout, NULL, &logical_rect);
+      x -= logical_rect.width;
+      break;
+    default: // TEXT_ALIGNMENT_LEFT
+      break;
+  }
+
+  y -= getBaselineAdjustment(_layout, state->textBaseline);
+
+  cairo_move_to(_context, x, y);
+  if (state->textDrawingMode == TEXT_DRAW_PATHS) {
+    pango_cairo_layout_path(_context, _layout);
+  } else if (state->textDrawingMode == TEXT_DRAW_GLYPHS) {
+    pango_cairo_show_layout(_context, _layout);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adds a point to the current subpath.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::LineTo(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  double args[2];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, 2))
+    return;
+
+  cairo_line_to(context(), args[0], args[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Creates a new subpath at the given point.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::MoveTo(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  double args[2];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, 2))
+    return;
+
+  cairo_move_to(context(), args[0], args[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get font.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetFont(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::String::New(env, state->font);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set font:
+ *   - weight
+ *   - style
+ *   - size
+ *   - unit
+ *   - family
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetFont(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  if (!value.IsString()) return;
+
+  std::string str = value.As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value();
+  if (!str.length()) return;
+
+  bool success;
+  auto props = FontParser::parse(str, &success);
+  if (!success) return;
+
+  PangoFontDescription *desc = pango_font_description_copy(state->fontDescription);
+  pango_font_description_free(state->fontDescription);
+
+  PangoStyle style = props.fontStyle == FontStyle::Italic ? PANGO_STYLE_ITALIC
+    : props.fontStyle == FontStyle::Oblique ? PANGO_STYLE_OBLIQUE
+    : PANGO_STYLE_NORMAL;
+  pango_font_description_set_style(desc, style);
+
+  pango_font_description_set_weight(desc, static_cast<PangoWeight>(props.fontWeight));
+
+  std::string family = props.fontFamily.empty() ? "" : props.fontFamily[0];
+  for (size_t i = 1; i < props.fontFamily.size(); i++) {
+    family += "," + props.fontFamily[i];
+  }
+  if (family.length() > 0) {
+    // See #1643 - Pango understands "sans" whereas CSS uses "sans-serif"
+    std::string s1(family);
+    std::string s2("sans-serif");
+    if (streq_casein(s1, s2)) {
+      pango_font_description_set_family(desc, "sans");
+    } else {
+      pango_font_description_set_family(desc, family.c_str());
+    }
+  }
+
+  PangoFontDescription *sys_desc = Canvas::ResolveFontDescription(desc);
+  pango_font_description_free(desc);
+
+  if (props.fontSize > 0) pango_font_description_set_absolute_size(sys_desc, props.fontSize * PANGO_SCALE);
+
+  state->fontDescription = sys_desc;
+  pango_layout_set_font_description(_layout, sys_desc);
+
+  state->font = str;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get text baseline.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetTextBaseline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  const char* baseline;
+  switch (state->textBaseline) {
+    default:
+    case TEXT_BASELINE_ALPHABETIC: baseline = "alphabetic"; break;
+    case TEXT_BASELINE_TOP: baseline = "top"; break;
+    case TEXT_BASELINE_BOTTOM: baseline = "bottom"; break;
+    case TEXT_BASELINE_MIDDLE: baseline = "middle"; break;
+    case TEXT_BASELINE_IDEOGRAPHIC: baseline = "ideographic"; break;
+    case TEXT_BASELINE_HANGING: baseline = "hanging"; break;
+  }
+  return Napi::String::New(env, baseline);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set text baseline.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetTextBaseline(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  if (!value.IsString()) return;
+
+  std::string opStr = value.As<Napi::String>();
+  const std::map<std::string, text_baseline_t> modes = {
+    {"alphabetic", TEXT_BASELINE_ALPHABETIC},
+    {"top", TEXT_BASELINE_TOP},
+    {"bottom", TEXT_BASELINE_BOTTOM},
+    {"middle", TEXT_BASELINE_MIDDLE},
+    {"ideographic", TEXT_BASELINE_IDEOGRAPHIC},
+    {"hanging", TEXT_BASELINE_HANGING}
+  };
+  auto op = modes.find(opStr);
+  if (op == modes.end()) return;
+
+  state->textBaseline = op->second;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get text align.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetTextAlign(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  const char* align;
+  switch (state->textAlignment) {
+    case TEXT_ALIGNMENT_LEFT: align = "left"; break;
+    case TEXT_ALIGNMENT_START: align = "start"; break;
+    case TEXT_ALIGNMENT_CENTER: align = "center"; break;
+    case TEXT_ALIGNMENT_RIGHT: align = "right"; break;
+    case TEXT_ALIGNMENT_END: align = "end"; break;
+    default: align = "start";
+  }
+  return Napi::String::New(env, align);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set text align.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetTextAlign(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  if (!value.IsString()) return;
+
+  std::string opStr = value.As<Napi::String>();
+  const std::map<std::string, text_align_t> modes = {
+    {"center", TEXT_ALIGNMENT_CENTER},
+    {"left", TEXT_ALIGNMENT_LEFT},
+    {"start", TEXT_ALIGNMENT_START},
+    {"right", TEXT_ALIGNMENT_RIGHT},
+    {"end", TEXT_ALIGNMENT_END}
+  };
+  auto op = modes.find(opStr);
+  if (op == modes.end()) return;
+
+  state->textAlignment = op->second;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the given text extents.
+ * TODO: Support for:
+ * hangingBaseline, ideographicBaseline,
+ * fontBoundingBoxAscent, fontBoundingBoxDescent
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::MeasureText(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  cairo_t *ctx = this->context();
+
+  Napi::String str;
+  if (!info[0].ToString().UnwrapTo(&str)) return env.Undefined();
+
+  Napi::Object obj = Napi::Object::New(env);
+
+  PangoRectangle _ink_rect, _logical_rect;
+  float_rectangle ink_rect, logical_rect;
+  PangoFontMetrics *metrics;
+  PangoLayout *layout = this->layout();
+
+  checkFonts();
+  pango_layout_set_text(layout, str.Utf8Value().c_str(), -1);
+  if (state->lang != "") {
+    pango_context_set_language(pango_layout_get_context(_layout), pango_language_from_string(state->lang.c_str()));
+  }
+  pango_cairo_update_layout(ctx, layout);
+
+  // Normally you could use pango_layout_get_pixel_extents and be done, or use
+  // pango_extents_to_pixels, but both of those round the pixels, so we have to
+  // divide by PANGO_SCALE manually
+  pango_layout_get_extents(layout, &_ink_rect, &_logical_rect);
+
+  float inverse_pango_scale = 1. / PANGO_SCALE;
+
+  logical_rect.x = _logical_rect.x * inverse_pango_scale;
+  logical_rect.y = _logical_rect.y * inverse_pango_scale;
+  logical_rect.width = _logical_rect.width * inverse_pango_scale;
+  logical_rect.height = _logical_rect.height * inverse_pango_scale;
+
+  ink_rect.x = _ink_rect.x * inverse_pango_scale;
+  ink_rect.y = _ink_rect.y * inverse_pango_scale;
+  ink_rect.width = _ink_rect.width * inverse_pango_scale;
+  ink_rect.height = _ink_rect.height * inverse_pango_scale;
+
+  metrics = PANGO_LAYOUT_GET_METRICS(layout);
+
+  text_align_t alignment = resolveTextAlignment();
+
+  double x_offset;
+  switch (alignment) {
+    case TEXT_ALIGNMENT_CENTER:
+      x_offset = logical_rect.width / 2.;
+      break;
+    case TEXT_ALIGNMENT_RIGHT:
+      x_offset = logical_rect.width;
+      break;
+    case TEXT_ALIGNMENT_LEFT:
+    default:
+      x_offset = 0.0;
+  }
+
+  double y_offset = getBaselineAdjustment(layout, state->textBaseline);
+
+  obj.Set("width", Napi::Number::New(env, logical_rect.width));
+  obj.Set("actualBoundingBoxLeft", Napi::Number::New(env, PANGO_LBEARING(ink_rect) + x_offset));
+  obj.Set("actualBoundingBoxRight", Napi::Number::New(env, PANGO_RBEARING(ink_rect) - x_offset));
+  obj.Set("actualBoundingBoxAscent", Napi::Number::New(env, y_offset + PANGO_ASCENT(ink_rect)));
+  obj.Set("actualBoundingBoxDescent", Napi::Number::New(env, PANGO_DESCENT(ink_rect) - y_offset));
+  obj.Set("emHeightAscent", Napi::Number::New(env, -(PANGO_ASCENT(logical_rect) - y_offset)));
+  obj.Set("emHeightDescent", Napi::Number::New(env, PANGO_DESCENT(logical_rect) - y_offset));
+  obj.Set("alphabeticBaseline", Napi::Number::New(env, -(pango_font_metrics_get_ascent(metrics) * inverse_pango_scale - y_offset)));
+
+  pango_font_metrics_unref(metrics);
+
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set line dash
+ * ref: http://www.w3.org/TR/2dcontext/#dom-context-2d-setlinedash
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::SetLineDash(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  if (!info[0].IsArray()) return;
+  Napi::Array dash = info[0].As<Napi::Array>();
+  uint32_t dashes = dash.Length() & 1 ? dash.Length() * 2 : dash.Length();
+  uint32_t zero_dashes = 0;
+  std::vector<double> a(dashes);
+  for (uint32_t i=0; i<dashes; i++) {
+    Napi::Number d;
+    if (!dash.Get(i % dash.Length()).UnwrapTo(&d) || !d.IsNumber()) return;
+    a[i] = d.As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue();
+    if (a[i] == 0) zero_dashes++;
+    if (a[i] < 0 || !std::isfinite(a[i])) return;
+  }
+
+  cairo_t *ctx = this->context();
+  double offset;
+  cairo_get_dash(ctx, NULL, &offset);
+  if (zero_dashes == dashes) {
+    std::vector<double> b(0);
+    cairo_set_dash(ctx, b.data(), 0, offset);
+  } else {
+    cairo_set_dash(ctx, a.data(), dashes, offset);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get line dash
+ * ref: http://www.w3.org/TR/2dcontext/#dom-context-2d-setlinedash
+ */
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetLineDash(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  cairo_t *ctx = this->context();
+  int dashes = cairo_get_dash_count(ctx);
+  std::vector<double> a(dashes);
+  cairo_get_dash(ctx, a.data(), NULL);
+
+  Napi::Array dash = Napi::Array::New(env, dashes);
+  for (int i=0; i<dashes; i++) {
+    dash.Set(Napi::Number::New(env, i), Napi::Number::New(env, a[i]));
+  }
+
+  return dash;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set line dash offset
+ * ref: http://www.w3.org/TR/2dcontext/#dom-context-2d-setlinedash
+ */
+void
+Context2d::SetLineDashOffset(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  Napi::Number numberValue;
+  if (!value.ToNumber().UnwrapTo(&numberValue)) return;
+  double offset = numberValue.DoubleValue();
+  if (!std::isfinite(offset)) return;
+
+  cairo_t *ctx = this->context();
+
+  int dashes = cairo_get_dash_count(ctx);
+  std::vector<double> a(dashes);
+  cairo_get_dash(ctx, a.data(), NULL);
+  cairo_set_dash(ctx, a.data(), dashes, offset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get line dash offset
+ * ref: http://www.w3.org/TR/2dcontext/#dom-context-2d-setlinedash
+ */
+Napi::Value
+Context2d::GetLineDashOffset(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  cairo_t *ctx = this->context();
+  double offset;
+  cairo_get_dash(ctx, NULL, &offset);
+
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, offset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fill the rectangle defined by x, y, width and height.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::FillRect(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  RECT_ARGS;
+  if (0 == width || 0 == height) return;
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+  savePath();
+  cairo_rectangle(ctx, x, y, width, height);
+  fill();
+  restorePath();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Stroke the rectangle defined by x, y, width and height.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::StrokeRect(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  RECT_ARGS;
+  if (0 == width && 0 == height) return;
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+  savePath();
+  cairo_rectangle(ctx, x, y, width, height);
+  stroke();
+  restorePath();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clears all pixels defined by x, y, width and height.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::ClearRect(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  RECT_ARGS;
+  if (0 == width || 0 == height) return;
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+  cairo_save(ctx);
+  savePath();
+  cairo_rectangle(ctx, x, y, width, height);
+  cairo_set_operator(ctx, CAIRO_OPERATOR_CLEAR);
+  cairo_fill(ctx);
+  restorePath();
+  cairo_restore(ctx);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adds a rectangle subpath.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Rect(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  RECT_ARGS;
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+  if (width == 0) {
+    cairo_move_to(ctx, x, y);
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, x, y + height);
+  } else if (height == 0) {
+    cairo_move_to(ctx, x, y);
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, x + width, y);
+  } else {
+    cairo_rectangle(ctx, x, y, width, height);
+  }
+}
+
+// Draws an arc with two potentially different radii.
+inline static
+void elli_arc(cairo_t* ctx, double xc, double yc, double rx, double ry, double a1, double a2, bool clockwise=true) {
+  if (rx == 0. || ry == 0.) {
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, xc + rx, yc + ry);
+  } else {
+    cairo_save(ctx);
+    cairo_translate(ctx, xc, yc);
+    cairo_scale(ctx, rx, ry);
+    if (clockwise)
+      cairo_arc(ctx, 0., 0., 1., a1, a2);
+    else
+      cairo_arc_negative(ctx, 0., 0., 1., a2, a1);
+    cairo_restore(ctx);
+  }
+}
+
+inline static
+bool getRadius(Point<double>& p, const Napi::Value& v) {
+  Napi::Env env = v.Env();
+  if (v.IsObject()) { // 5.1 DOMPointInit
+    Napi::Value rx;
+    Napi::Value ry;
+    auto rxMaybe = v.As<Napi::Object>().Get("x");
+    auto ryMaybe = v.As<Napi::Object>().Get("y");
+    if (rxMaybe.UnwrapTo(&rx) && rx.IsNumber() && ryMaybe.UnwrapTo(&ry) && ry.IsNumber()) {
+      auto rxv = rx.As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue();
+      auto ryv = ry.As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue();
+      if (!std::isfinite(rxv) || !std::isfinite(ryv))
+        return true;
+      if (rxv < 0 || ryv < 0) {
+        Napi::RangeError::New(env, "radii must be positive.").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+
+        return true;
+      }
+      p.x = rxv;
+      p.y = ryv;
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else if (v.IsNumber()) { // 5.2 unrestricted double
+    auto rv = v.As<Napi::Number>().DoubleValue();
+    if (!std::isfinite(rv))
+      return true;
+    if (rv < 0) {
+      Napi::RangeError::New(env, "radii must be positive.").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+
+      return true;
+    }
+    p.x = p.y = rv;
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/canvas.html#dom-context-2d-roundrect
+ * x, y, w, h, [radius|[radii]]
+ */
+void
+Context2d::RoundRect(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  RECT_ARGS;
+  cairo_t *ctx = this->context();
+
+  // 4. Let normalizedRadii be an empty list
+  Point<double> normalizedRadii[4];
+  size_t nRadii = 4;
+
+  if (info[4].IsUndefined()) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+      normalizedRadii[i].x = normalizedRadii[i].y = 0.;
+
+  } else if (info[4].IsArray()) {
+    auto radiiList = info[4].As<Napi::Array>();
+    nRadii = radiiList.Length();
+    if (!(nRadii >= 1 && nRadii <= 4)) {
+      Napi::RangeError::New(env, "radii must be a list of one, two, three or four radii.").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+      return;
+    }
+    // 5. For each radius of radii
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nRadii; i++) {
+      Napi::Value r;
+      if (!radiiList.Get(i).UnwrapTo(&r) || getRadius(normalizedRadii[i], r))
+        return;
+    }
+
+  } else {
+    // 2. If radii is a double, then set radii to <<radii>>
+    if (getRadius(normalizedRadii[0], info[4]))
+      return;
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
+      normalizedRadii[i].x = normalizedRadii[0].x;
+      normalizedRadii[i].y = normalizedRadii[0].y;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Point<double> upperLeft, upperRight, lowerRight, lowerLeft;
+  if (nRadii == 4) {
+    upperLeft = normalizedRadii[0];
+    upperRight = normalizedRadii[1];
+    lowerRight = normalizedRadii[2];
+    lowerLeft = normalizedRadii[3];
+  } else if (nRadii == 3) {
+    upperLeft = normalizedRadii[0];
+    upperRight = normalizedRadii[1];
+    lowerLeft = normalizedRadii[1];
+    lowerRight = normalizedRadii[2];
+  } else if (nRadii == 2) {
+    upperLeft = normalizedRadii[0];
+    lowerRight = normalizedRadii[0];
+    upperRight = normalizedRadii[1];
+    lowerLeft = normalizedRadii[1];
+  } else {
+    upperLeft = normalizedRadii[0];
+    upperRight = normalizedRadii[0];
+    lowerRight = normalizedRadii[0];
+    lowerLeft = normalizedRadii[0];
+  }
+
+  bool clockwise = true;
+  if (width < 0) {
+    clockwise = false;
+    x += width;
+    width = -width;
+    std::swap(upperLeft, upperRight);
+    std::swap(lowerLeft, lowerRight);
+  }
+
+  if (height < 0) {
+    clockwise = !clockwise;
+    y += height;
+    height = -height;
+    std::swap(upperLeft, lowerLeft);
+    std::swap(upperRight, lowerRight);
+  }
+
+  // 11. Corner curves must not overlap. Scale radii to prevent this.
+  {
+    auto top = upperLeft.x + upperRight.x;
+    auto right = upperRight.y + lowerRight.y;
+    auto bottom = lowerRight.x + lowerLeft.x;
+    auto left = upperLeft.y + lowerLeft.y;
+    auto scale = std::min({ width / top, height / right, width / bottom, height / left });
+    if (scale < 1.) {
+      upperLeft.x *= scale;
+      upperLeft.y *= scale;
+      upperRight.x *= scale;
+      upperRight.y *= scale;
+      lowerLeft.x *= scale;
+      lowerLeft.y *= scale;
+      lowerRight.x *= scale;
+      lowerRight.y *= scale;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 12. Draw
+  cairo_move_to(ctx, x + upperLeft.x, y);
+  if (clockwise) {
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, x + width - upperRight.x, y);
+    elli_arc(ctx, x + width - upperRight.x, y + upperRight.y, upperRight.x, upperRight.y, 3. * M_PI / 2., 0.);
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, x + width, y + height - lowerRight.y);
+    elli_arc(ctx, x + width - lowerRight.x, y + height - lowerRight.y, lowerRight.x, lowerRight.y, 0, M_PI / 2.);
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, x + lowerLeft.x, y + height);
+    elli_arc(ctx, x + lowerLeft.x, y + height - lowerLeft.y, lowerLeft.x, lowerLeft.y, M_PI / 2., M_PI);
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, x, y + upperLeft.y);
+    elli_arc(ctx, x + upperLeft.x, y + upperLeft.y, upperLeft.x, upperLeft.y, M_PI, 3. * M_PI / 2.);
+  } else {
+    elli_arc(ctx, x + upperLeft.x, y + upperLeft.y, upperLeft.x, upperLeft.y, M_PI, 3. * M_PI / 2., false);
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, x, y + upperLeft.y);
+    elli_arc(ctx, x + lowerLeft.x, y + height - lowerLeft.y, lowerLeft.x, lowerLeft.y, M_PI / 2., M_PI, false);
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, x + lowerLeft.x, y + height);
+    elli_arc(ctx, x + width - lowerRight.x, y + height - lowerRight.y, lowerRight.x, lowerRight.y, 0, M_PI / 2., false);
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, x + width, y + height - lowerRight.y);
+    elli_arc(ctx, x + width - upperRight.x, y + upperRight.y, upperRight.x, upperRight.y, 3. * M_PI / 2., 0., false);
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, x + width - upperRight.x, y);
+  }
+  cairo_close_path(ctx);
+}
+
+// Adapted from https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/blink/+/refs/heads/main/Source/modules/canvas2d/CanvasPathMethods.cpp
+static void canonicalizeAngle(double& startAngle, double& endAngle) {
+  // Make 0 <= startAngle < 2*PI
+  double newStartAngle = std::fmod(startAngle, twoPi);
+  if (newStartAngle < 0) {
+      newStartAngle += twoPi;
+      // Check for possible catastrophic cancellation in cases where
+      // newStartAngle was a tiny negative number (c.f. crbug.com/503422)
+      if (newStartAngle >= twoPi)
+          newStartAngle -= twoPi;
+  }
+  double delta = newStartAngle - startAngle;
+  startAngle = newStartAngle;
+  endAngle = endAngle + delta;
+}
+
+// Adapted from https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/blink/+/refs/heads/main/Source/modules/canvas2d/CanvasPathMethods.cpp
+static double adjustEndAngle(double startAngle, double endAngle, bool counterclockwise) {
+  double newEndAngle = endAngle;
+  /* http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-canvas-element.html#dom-context-2d-arc
+  * If the counterclockwise argument is false and endAngle-startAngle is equal to or greater than 2pi, or,
+  * if the counterclockwise argument is true and startAngle-endAngle is equal to or greater than 2pi,
+  * then the arc is the whole circumference of this ellipse, and the point at startAngle along this circle's circumference,
+  * measured in radians clockwise from the ellipse's semi-major axis, acts as both the start point and the end point.
+  */
+  if (!counterclockwise && endAngle - startAngle >= twoPi)
+    newEndAngle = startAngle + twoPi;
+  else if (counterclockwise && startAngle - endAngle >= twoPi)
+    newEndAngle = startAngle - twoPi;
+  /*
+  * Otherwise, the arc is the path along the circumference of this ellipse from the start point to the end point,
+  * going anti-clockwise if the counterclockwise argument is true, and clockwise otherwise.
+  * Since the points are on the ellipse, as opposed to being simply angles from zero,
+  * the arc can never cover an angle greater than 2pi radians.
+  */
+  /* NOTE: When startAngle = 0, endAngle = 2Pi and counterclockwise = true, the spec does not indicate clearly.
+  * We draw the entire circle, because some web sites use arc(x, y, r, 0, 2*Math.PI, true) to draw circle.
+  * We preserve backward-compatibility.
+  */
+  else if (!counterclockwise && startAngle > endAngle)
+    newEndAngle = startAngle + (twoPi - std::fmod(startAngle - endAngle, twoPi));
+  else if (counterclockwise && startAngle < endAngle)
+    newEndAngle = startAngle - (twoPi - std::fmod(endAngle - startAngle, twoPi));
+  return newEndAngle;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adds an arc at x, y with the given radii and start/end angles.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Arc(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  double args[5];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, 5))
+    return;
+
+  auto x = args[0];
+  auto y = args[1];
+  auto radius = args[2];
+  auto startAngle = args[3];
+  auto endAngle = args[4];
+
+  if (radius < 0) {
+    Napi::RangeError::New(env, "The radius provided is negative.").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Napi::Boolean counterclockwiseValue;
+  if (!info[5].ToBoolean().UnwrapTo(&counterclockwiseValue)) return;
+  bool counterclockwise = counterclockwiseValue.Value();
+
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+
+  canonicalizeAngle(startAngle, endAngle);
+  endAngle = adjustEndAngle(startAngle, endAngle, counterclockwise);
+
+  if (counterclockwise) {
+    cairo_arc_negative(ctx, x, y, radius, startAngle, endAngle);
+  } else {
+    cairo_arc(ctx, x, y, radius, startAngle, endAngle);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adds an arcTo point (x0,y0) to (x1,y1) with the given radius.
+ *
+ * Implementation influenced by WebKit.
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::ArcTo(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  double args[5];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, 5))
+    return;
+
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+
+  // Current path point
+  double x, y;
+  cairo_get_current_point(ctx, &x, &y);
+  Point<float> p0(x, y);
+
+  // Point (x0,y0)
+  Point<float> p1(args[0], args[1]);
+
+  // Point (x1,y1)
+  Point<float> p2(args[2], args[3]);
+
+  float radius = args[4];
+
+  if ((p1.x == p0.x && p1.y == p0.y)
+    || (p1.x == p2.x && p1.y == p2.y)
+    || radius == 0.f) {
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, p1.x, p1.y);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Point<float> p1p0((p0.x - p1.x),(p0.y - p1.y));
+  Point<float> p1p2((p2.x - p1.x),(p2.y - p1.y));
+  float p1p0_length = sqrtf(p1p0.x * p1p0.x + p1p0.y * p1p0.y);
+  float p1p2_length = sqrtf(p1p2.x * p1p2.x + p1p2.y * p1p2.y);
+
+  double cos_phi = (p1p0.x * p1p2.x + p1p0.y * p1p2.y) / (p1p0_length * p1p2_length);
+  // all points on a line logic
+  if (-1 == cos_phi) {
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, p1.x, p1.y);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (1 == cos_phi) {
+    // add infinite far away point
+    unsigned int max_length = 65535;
+    double factor_max = max_length / p1p0_length;
+    Point<float> ep((p0.x + factor_max * p1p0.x), (p0.y + factor_max * p1p0.y));
+    cairo_line_to(ctx, ep.x, ep.y);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  float tangent = radius / tan(acos(cos_phi) / 2);
+  float factor_p1p0 = tangent / p1p0_length;
+  Point<float> t_p1p0((p1.x + factor_p1p0 * p1p0.x), (p1.y + factor_p1p0 * p1p0.y));
+
+  Point<float> orth_p1p0(p1p0.y, -p1p0.x);
+  float orth_p1p0_length = sqrt(orth_p1p0.x * orth_p1p0.x + orth_p1p0.y * orth_p1p0.y);
+  float factor_ra = radius / orth_p1p0_length;
+
+  double cos_alpha = (orth_p1p0.x * p1p2.x + orth_p1p0.y * p1p2.y) / (orth_p1p0_length * p1p2_length);
+  if (cos_alpha < 0.f)
+      orth_p1p0 = Point<float>(-orth_p1p0.x, -orth_p1p0.y);
+
+  Point<float> p((t_p1p0.x + factor_ra * orth_p1p0.x), (t_p1p0.y + factor_ra * orth_p1p0.y));
+
+  orth_p1p0 = Point<float>(-orth_p1p0.x, -orth_p1p0.y);
+  float sa = acos(orth_p1p0.x / orth_p1p0_length);
+  if (orth_p1p0.y < 0.f)
+      sa = 2 * M_PI - sa;
+
+  bool anticlockwise = false;
+
+  float factor_p1p2 = tangent / p1p2_length;
+  Point<float> t_p1p2((p1.x + factor_p1p2 * p1p2.x), (p1.y + factor_p1p2 * p1p2.y));
+  Point<float> orth_p1p2((t_p1p2.x - p.x),(t_p1p2.y - p.y));
+  float orth_p1p2_length = sqrtf(orth_p1p2.x * orth_p1p2.x + orth_p1p2.y * orth_p1p2.y);
+  float ea = acos(orth_p1p2.x / orth_p1p2_length);
+
+  if (orth_p1p2.y < 0) ea = 2 * M_PI - ea;
+  if ((sa > ea) && ((sa - ea) < M_PI)) anticlockwise = true;
+  if ((sa < ea) && ((ea - sa) > M_PI)) anticlockwise = true;
+
+  cairo_line_to(ctx, t_p1p0.x, t_p1p0.y);
+
+  if (anticlockwise && M_PI * 2 != radius) {
+    cairo_arc_negative(ctx
+      , p.x
+      , p.y
+      , radius
+      , sa
+      , ea);
+  } else {
+    cairo_arc(ctx
+      , p.x
+      , p.y
+      , radius
+      , sa
+      , ea);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Adds an ellipse to the path which is centered at (x, y) position with the
+ * radii radiusX and radiusY starting at startAngle and ending at endAngle
+ * going in the given direction by anticlockwise (defaulting to clockwise).
+ */
+
+void
+Context2d::Ellipse(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  double args[7];
+  if(!checkArgs(info, args, 7))
+    return;
+
+  double radiusX = args[2];
+  double radiusY = args[3];
+
+  if (radiusX == 0 || radiusY == 0) return;
+
+  double x = args[0];
+  double y = args[1];
+  double rotation = args[4];
+  double startAngle = args[5];
+  double endAngle = args[6];
+  Napi::Boolean anticlockwiseValue;
+
+  if (!info[7].ToBoolean().UnwrapTo(&anticlockwiseValue)) return;
+  bool anticlockwise = anticlockwiseValue.Value();
+
+  cairo_t *ctx = context();
+
+  // See https://www.cairographics.org/cookbook/ellipses/
+  double xRatio = radiusX / radiusY;
+
+  cairo_matrix_t save_matrix;
+  cairo_get_matrix(ctx, &save_matrix);
+  cairo_translate(ctx, x, y);
+  cairo_rotate(ctx, rotation);
+  cairo_scale(ctx, xRatio, 1.0);
+  cairo_translate(ctx, -x, -y);
+  if (anticlockwise && M_PI * 2 != args[4]) {
+    cairo_arc_negative(ctx,
+      x,
+      y,
+      radiusY,
+      startAngle,
+      endAngle);
+  } else {
+    cairo_arc(ctx,
+      x,
+      y,
+      radiusY,
+      startAngle,
+      endAngle);
+  }
+  cairo_set_matrix(ctx, &save_matrix);
+}
+
+#if CAIRO_VERSION >= CAIRO_VERSION_ENCODE(1, 16, 0)
+
+void
+Context2d::BeginTag(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  std::string tagName = "";
+  std::string attributes = "";
+
+  if (info.Length() == 0) {
+    Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Tag name is required").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return;
+  } else {
+    if (!info[0].IsString()) {
+      Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Tag name must be a string.").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+      return;
+    } else {
+      tagName = info[0].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value();
+    }
+
+    if (info.Length() > 1) {
+      if (!info[1].IsString()) {
+        Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Attributes must be a string matching Cairo's attribute format").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+        return;
+      } else {
+        attributes = info[1].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  cairo_tag_begin(_context, tagName.c_str(), attributes.c_str());
+}
+
+void
+Context2d::EndTag(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  if (info.Length() == 0) {
+    Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Tag name is required").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!info[0].IsString()) {
+    Napi::TypeError::New(env, "Tag name must be a string.").ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::string tagName = info[0].As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value();
+
+  cairo_tag_end(_context, tagName.c_str());
+}
+
+#endif