@shqld/canvas 3.2.2-rc.1

package/src/Image.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,1719 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2010 LearnBoost <tj@learnboost.com>
+
+#include "Image.h"
+#include "InstanceData.h"
+
+#include "bmp/BMPParser.h"
+#include "Canvas.h"
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <node_buffer.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+/* Cairo limit:
+  * https://lists.cairographics.org/archives/cairo/2010-December/021422.html
+  */
+static constexpr int canvas_max_side = (1 << 15) - 1;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GIF
+typedef struct {
+  uint8_t *buf;
+  unsigned len;
+  unsigned pos;
+} gif_data_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_JPEG
+#include <csetjmp>
+
+struct canvas_jpeg_error_mgr: jpeg_error_mgr {
+    Image* image;
+    jmp_buf setjmp_buffer;
+};
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Read closure used by loadFromBuffer.
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+  Napi::Env env;
+  unsigned len;
+  uint8_t *buf;
+} read_closure_t;
+
+/*
+ * Initialize Image.
+ */
+
+void
+Image::Initialize(Napi::Env& env, Napi::Object& exports) {
+  InstanceData *data = env.GetInstanceData<InstanceData>();
+  Napi::HandleScope scope(env);
+
+  Napi::Function ctor = DefineClass(env, "Image", {
+    InstanceAccessor<&Image::GetComplete>("complete", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Image::GetWidth, &Image::SetWidth>("width", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Image::GetHeight, &Image::SetHeight>("height", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Image::GetNaturalWidth>("naturalWidth", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Image::GetNaturalHeight>("naturalHeight", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    InstanceAccessor<&Image::GetDataMode, &Image::SetDataMode>("dataMode", napi_default_jsproperty),
+    StaticValue("MODE_IMAGE", Napi::Number::New(env, DATA_IMAGE), napi_default_jsproperty),
+    StaticValue("MODE_MIME", Napi::Number::New(env, DATA_MIME), napi_default_jsproperty)
+  });
+
+  // Used internally in lib/image.js
+  exports.Set("GetSource", Napi::Function::New(env, &GetSource));
+  exports.Set("SetSource", Napi::Function::New(env, &SetSource));
+
+  data->ImageCtor = Napi::Persistent(ctor);
+  exports.Set("Image", ctor);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialize a new Image.
+ */
+
+Image::Image(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) : ObjectWrap<Image>(info), env(info.Env()) {
+  data_mode = DATA_IMAGE;
+  info.This().ToObject().Unwrap().Set("onload", env.Null());
+  info.This().ToObject().Unwrap().Set("onerror", env.Null());
+  filename = NULL;
+  _data = nullptr;
+  _data_len = 0;
+  _surface = NULL;
+  width = height = 0;
+  naturalWidth = naturalHeight = 0;
+  state = DEFAULT;
+#ifdef HAVE_RSVG
+  _rsvg = NULL;
+  _is_svg = false;
+  _svg_last_width = _svg_last_height = 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get complete boolean.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Image::GetComplete(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Boolean::New(env, true);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get dataMode.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Image::GetDataMode(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, data_mode);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set dataMode.
+ */
+
+void
+Image::SetDataMode(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  if (value.IsNumber()) {
+    int mode = value.As<Napi::Number>().Uint32Value();
+    data_mode = (data_mode_t) mode;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get natural width
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Image::GetNaturalWidth(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, naturalWidth);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get width.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Image::GetWidth(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, width);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set width.
+ */
+
+void
+Image::SetWidth(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  if (value.IsNumber()) {
+    width = value.As<Napi::Number>().Uint32Value();
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get natural height
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Image::GetNaturalHeight(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, naturalHeight);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get height.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Image::GetHeight(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info) {
+  return Napi::Number::New(env, height);
+}
+/*
+ * Set height.
+ */
+
+void
+Image::SetHeight(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info, const Napi::Value& value) {
+  if (value.IsNumber()) {
+    height = value.As<Napi::Number>().Uint32Value();
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get src path.
+ */
+
+Napi::Value
+Image::GetSource(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info){
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+  Image *img = Image::Unwrap(info.This().As<Napi::Object>());
+  return Napi::String::New(env, img->filename ? img->filename : "");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clean up assets and variables.
+ */
+
+void
+Image::clearData() {
+  if (_surface) {
+    cairo_surface_destroy(_surface);
+    Napi::MemoryManagement::AdjustExternalMemory(env, -_data_len);
+    _data_len = 0;
+    _surface = NULL;
+  }
+
+  delete[] _data;
+  _data = nullptr;
+
+  free(filename);
+  filename = NULL;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_RSVG
+  if (_rsvg != NULL) {
+    g_object_unref(_rsvg);
+    _rsvg = NULL;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  width = height = 0;
+  naturalWidth = naturalHeight = 0;
+  state = DEFAULT;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set src path.
+ */
+
+void
+Image::SetSource(const Napi::CallbackInfo& info){
+  Napi::Env env = info.Env();
+  Napi::Object This = info.This().As<Napi::Object>();
+  Image *img = Image::Unwrap(This);
+
+  cairo_status_t status = CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+
+  Napi::Value value = info[0];
+
+  img->clearData();
+  // Clear errno in case some unrelated previous syscall failed
+  errno = 0;
+
+  // url string
+  if (value.IsString()) {
+    std::string src = value.As<Napi::String>().Utf8Value();
+    if (img->filename) free(img->filename);
+    img->filename = strdup(src.c_str());
+    status = img->load();
+  // Buffer
+  } else if (value.IsBuffer()) {
+    uint8_t *buf = value.As<Napi::Buffer<uint8_t>>().Data();
+    unsigned len = value.As<Napi::Buffer<uint8_t>>().Length();
+    status = img->loadFromBuffer(buf, len);
+  }
+
+  if (status) {
+    Napi::Value onerrorFn;
+    if (This.Get("onerror").UnwrapTo(&onerrorFn) && onerrorFn.IsFunction()) {
+      Napi::Error arg;
+      if (img->errorInfo.empty()) {
+        arg = Napi::Error::New(env, Napi::String::New(env, cairo_status_to_string(status)));
+      } else {
+        arg = img->errorInfo.toError(env);
+      }
+      onerrorFn.As<Napi::Function>().Call({ arg.Value() });
+    }
+  } else {
+    img->loaded();
+    Napi::Value onloadFn;
+    if (This.Get("onload").UnwrapTo(&onloadFn) && onloadFn.IsFunction()) {
+      onloadFn.As<Napi::Function>().Call({});
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load image data from `buf` by sniffing
+ * the bytes to determine format.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::loadFromBuffer(uint8_t *buf, unsigned len) {
+  if (len == 0) return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+
+  uint8_t data[4] = {0};
+  memcpy(data, buf, (len < 4 ? len : 4) * sizeof(uint8_t));
+
+  if (isPNG(data)) return loadPNGFromBuffer(buf);
+
+  if (isGIF(data)) {
+#ifdef HAVE_GIF
+    return loadGIFFromBuffer(buf, len);
+#else
+    this->errorInfo.set("node-canvas was built without GIF support");
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  if (isJPEG(data)) {
+#ifdef HAVE_JPEG
+    if (DATA_IMAGE == data_mode) return loadJPEGFromBuffer(buf, len);
+    if (DATA_MIME == data_mode) return decodeJPEGBufferIntoMimeSurface(buf, len);
+    if ((DATA_IMAGE | DATA_MIME) == data_mode) {
+      cairo_status_t status;
+      status = loadJPEGFromBuffer(buf, len);
+      if (status) return status;
+      return assignDataAsMime(buf, len, CAIRO_MIME_TYPE_JPEG);
+    }
+#else // HAVE_JPEG
+    this->errorInfo.set("node-canvas was built without JPEG support");
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // confirm svg using first 1000 chars
+  // if a very long comment precedes the root <svg> tag, isSVG returns false
+  unsigned head_len = (len < 1000 ? len : 1000);
+  if (isSVG(buf, head_len)) {
+#ifdef HAVE_RSVG
+    return loadSVGFromBuffer(buf, len);
+#else
+    this->errorInfo.set("node-canvas was built without SVG support");
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  if (isBMP(buf, len))
+    return loadBMPFromBuffer(buf, len);
+
+  this->errorInfo.set("Unsupported image type");
+  return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load PNG data from `buf`.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::loadPNGFromBuffer(uint8_t *buf) {
+  read_closure_t closure{ env, 0, buf };
+  _surface = cairo_image_surface_create_from_png_stream(readPNG, &closure);
+  cairo_status_t status = cairo_surface_status(_surface);
+  if (status) return status;
+  return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read PNG data.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::readPNG(void *c, uint8_t *data, unsigned int len) {
+  read_closure_t *closure = (read_closure_t *) c;
+  memcpy(data, closure->buf + closure->len, len);
+  closure->len += len;
+  return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Destroy image and associated surface.
+ */
+
+Image::~Image() {
+  clearData();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initiate image loading.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::load() {
+  if (LOADING != state) {
+    state = LOADING;
+    return loadSurface();
+  }
+  return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set state, assign dimensions.
+ */
+
+void
+Image::loaded() {
+  Napi::HandleScope scope(env);
+  state = COMPLETE;
+
+  width = naturalWidth = cairo_image_surface_get_width(_surface);
+  height = naturalHeight = cairo_image_surface_get_height(_surface);
+  _data_len = naturalHeight * cairo_image_surface_get_stride(_surface);
+  Napi::MemoryManagement::AdjustExternalMemory(env, _data_len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns this image's surface.
+ */
+cairo_surface_t *Image::surface() {
+#ifdef HAVE_RSVG
+  if (_is_svg && (_svg_last_width != width || _svg_last_height != height)) {
+    if (_surface != NULL) {
+      cairo_surface_destroy(_surface);
+      _surface = NULL;
+    }
+
+    cairo_status_t status = renderSVGToSurface();
+    if (status != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+      g_object_unref(_rsvg);
+      Napi::Error::New(env, cairo_status_to_string(status)).ThrowAsJavaScriptException();
+
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+  return _surface;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load cairo surface from the image src.
+ *
+ * TODO: support more formats
+ * TODO: use node IO or at least thread pool
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::loadSurface() {
+  FILE *stream = fopen(filename, "rb");
+  if (!stream) {
+    this->errorInfo.set(NULL, "fopen", errno, filename);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+  uint8_t buf[5];
+  if (1 != fread(&buf, 5, 1, stream)) {
+    fclose(stream);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+  rewind(stream);
+
+  // png
+  if (isPNG(buf)) {
+    fclose(stream);
+    return loadPNG();
+  }
+
+
+  if (isGIF(buf)) {
+#ifdef HAVE_GIF
+    return loadGIF(stream);
+#else
+    this->errorInfo.set("node-canvas was built without GIF support");
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  if (isJPEG(buf)) {
+#ifdef HAVE_JPEG
+    return loadJPEG(stream);
+#else
+    this->errorInfo.set("node-canvas was built without JPEG support");
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // confirm svg using first 1000 chars
+  // if a very long comment precedes the root <svg> tag, isSVG returns false
+  uint8_t head[1000] = {0};
+  fseek(stream, 0 , SEEK_END);
+  long len = ftell(stream);
+  unsigned head_len = (len < 1000 ? len : 1000);
+  unsigned head_size = head_len * sizeof(uint8_t);
+  rewind(stream);
+  if (head_size != fread(&head, 1, head_size, stream)) {
+    fclose(stream);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+  rewind(stream);
+  if (isSVG(head, head_len)) {
+#ifdef HAVE_RSVG
+    return loadSVG(stream);
+#else
+    this->errorInfo.set("node-canvas was built without SVG support");
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  if (isBMP(buf, 2))
+    return loadBMP(stream);
+
+  fclose(stream);
+
+  this->errorInfo.set("Unsupported image type");
+  return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load PNG.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::loadPNG() {
+  _surface = cairo_image_surface_create_from_png(filename);
+  return cairo_surface_status(_surface);
+}
+
+// GIF support
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GIF
+
+/*
+ * Return the alpha color for `gif` at `frame`, or -1.
+ */
+
+int
+get_gif_transparent_color(GifFileType *gif, int frame) {
+  ExtensionBlock *ext = gif->SavedImages[frame].ExtensionBlocks;
+  int len = gif->SavedImages[frame].ExtensionBlockCount;
+  for (int x = 0; x < len; ++x, ++ext) {
+    if ((ext->Function == GRAPHICS_EXT_FUNC_CODE) && (ext->Bytes[0] & 1)) {
+      return ext->Bytes[3] == 0 ? 0 : (uint8_t) ext->Bytes[3];
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Memory GIF reader callback.
+ */
+
+int
+read_gif_from_memory(GifFileType *gif, GifByteType *buf, int len) {
+  gif_data_t *data = (gif_data_t *) gif->UserData;
+  if ((data->pos + len) > data->len) len = data->len - data->pos;
+  memcpy(buf, data->pos + data->buf, len);
+  data->pos += len;
+  return len;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load GIF.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::loadGIF(FILE *stream) {
+  struct stat s;
+  int fd = fileno(stream);
+
+  // stat
+  if (fstat(fd, &s) < 0) {
+    fclose(stream);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *) malloc(s.st_size);
+
+  if (!buf) {
+    fclose(stream);
+    this->errorInfo.set(NULL, "malloc", errno);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  size_t read = fread(buf, s.st_size, 1, stream);
+  fclose(stream);
+
+  cairo_status_t result = CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  if (1 == read) result = loadGIFFromBuffer(buf, s.st_size);
+  free(buf);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load give from `buf` and the given `len`.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::loadGIFFromBuffer(uint8_t *buf, unsigned len) {
+  int i = 0;
+  GifFileType* gif;
+
+  gif_data_t gifd = { buf, len, 0 };
+
+#if GIFLIB_MAJOR >= 5
+  int errorcode;
+  if ((gif = DGifOpen((void*) &gifd, read_gif_from_memory, &errorcode)) == NULL)
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+#else
+  if ((gif = DGifOpen((void*) &gifd, read_gif_from_memory)) == NULL)
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+#endif
+
+  if (GIF_OK != DGifSlurp(gif)) {
+    GIF_CLOSE_FILE(gif);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  if (gif->SWidth > canvas_max_side || gif->SHeight > canvas_max_side) {
+    GIF_CLOSE_FILE(gif);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_INVALID_SIZE;
+  }
+
+  width = naturalWidth = gif->SWidth;
+  height = naturalHeight = gif->SHeight;
+
+  uint8_t *data = new uint8_t[naturalWidth * naturalHeight * 4];
+  if (!data) {
+    GIF_CLOSE_FILE(gif);
+    this->errorInfo.set(NULL, "malloc", errno);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  GifImageDesc *img = &gif->SavedImages[i].ImageDesc;
+
+  // local colormap takes precedence over global
+  ColorMapObject *colormap = img->ColorMap
+    ? img->ColorMap
+    : gif->SColorMap;
+
+  if (colormap == nullptr) {
+    GIF_CLOSE_FILE(gif);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  int bgColor = 0;
+  int alphaColor = get_gif_transparent_color(gif, i);
+  if (gif->SColorMap) bgColor = (uint8_t) gif->SBackGroundColor;
+  else if(alphaColor >= 0) bgColor = alphaColor;
+
+  uint8_t *src_data = (uint8_t*) gif->SavedImages[i].RasterBits;
+  uint32_t *dst_data = (uint32_t*) data;
+
+  if (!gif->Image.Interlace) {
+    if (naturalWidth == img->Width && naturalHeight == img->Height) {
+      for (int y = 0; y < naturalHeight; ++y) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < naturalWidth; ++x) {
+          *dst_data = ((*src_data == alphaColor) ? 0 : 255) << 24
+            | colormap->Colors[*src_data].Red << 16
+            | colormap->Colors[*src_data].Green << 8
+            | colormap->Colors[*src_data].Blue;
+
+          dst_data++;
+          src_data++;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Image does not take up whole "screen" so we need to fill-in the background
+      int bottom = img->Top + img->Height;
+      int right = img->Left + img->Width;
+
+      uint32_t bgPixel =
+        ((bgColor == alphaColor) ? 0 : 255) << 24
+        | colormap->Colors[bgColor].Red << 16
+        | colormap->Colors[bgColor].Green << 8
+        | colormap->Colors[bgColor].Blue;
+
+      for (int y = 0; y < naturalHeight; ++y) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < naturalWidth; ++x) {
+          if (y < img->Top || y >= bottom || x < img->Left || x >= right) {
+            *dst_data = bgPixel;
+            dst_data++;
+          } else {
+            *dst_data = ((*src_data == alphaColor) ? 0 : 255) << 24
+              | colormap->Colors[*src_data].Red << 16
+              | colormap->Colors[*src_data].Green << 8
+              | colormap->Colors[*src_data].Blue;
+            dst_data++;
+            src_data++;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Image is interlaced so that it streams nice over 14.4k and 28.8k modems :)
+    // We first load in 1/8 of the image, followed by another 1/8, followed by
+    // 1/4 and finally the remaining 1/2.
+    int ioffs[] = { 0, 4, 2, 1 };
+    int ijumps[] = { 8, 8, 4, 2 };
+
+    uint8_t *src_ptr = src_data;
+    uint32_t *dst_ptr;
+
+    for(int z = 0; z < 4; z++) {
+      for(int y = ioffs[z]; y < naturalHeight; y += ijumps[z]) {
+        dst_ptr = dst_data + naturalWidth * y;
+        for(int x = 0; x < naturalWidth; ++x) {
+          *dst_ptr = ((*src_ptr == alphaColor) ? 0 : 255) << 24
+            | (colormap->Colors[*src_ptr].Red) << 16
+            | (colormap->Colors[*src_ptr].Green) << 8
+            | (colormap->Colors[*src_ptr].Blue);
+
+          dst_ptr++;
+          src_ptr++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  GIF_CLOSE_FILE(gif);
+
+  // New image surface
+  _surface = cairo_image_surface_create_for_data(
+      data
+    , CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32
+    , naturalWidth
+    , naturalHeight
+    , cairo_format_stride_for_width(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, naturalWidth));
+
+  cairo_status_t status = cairo_surface_status(_surface);
+
+  if (status) {
+    delete[] data;
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  _data = data;
+
+  return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+#endif /* HAVE_GIF */
+
+// JPEG support
+
+#ifdef HAVE_JPEG
+
+// libjpeg 6.2 does not have jpeg_mem_src; define it ourselves here unless
+// libjpeg 8 is installed.
+#if JPEG_LIB_VERSION < 80 && !defined(MEM_SRCDST_SUPPORTED)
+
+/* Read JPEG image from a memory segment */
+static void
+init_source(j_decompress_ptr cinfo) {}
+
+static boolean
+fill_input_buffer(j_decompress_ptr cinfo) {
+  ERREXIT(cinfo, JERR_INPUT_EMPTY);
+  return TRUE;
+}
+static void
+skip_input_data(j_decompress_ptr cinfo, long num_bytes) {
+  struct jpeg_source_mgr* src = (struct jpeg_source_mgr*) cinfo->src;
+  if (num_bytes > 0) {
+    src->next_input_byte += (size_t) num_bytes;
+    src->bytes_in_buffer -= (size_t) num_bytes;
+  }
+}
+
+static void term_source (j_decompress_ptr cinfo) {}
+static void jpeg_mem_src (j_decompress_ptr cinfo, void* buffer, long nbytes) {
+  struct jpeg_source_mgr* src;
+
+  if (cinfo->src == NULL) {
+    cinfo->src = (struct jpeg_source_mgr *)
+      (*cinfo->mem->alloc_small) ((j_common_ptr) cinfo, JPOOL_PERMANENT,
+                                  sizeof(struct jpeg_source_mgr));
+  }
+
+  src = (struct jpeg_source_mgr*) cinfo->src;
+  src->init_source = init_source;
+  src->fill_input_buffer = fill_input_buffer;
+  src->skip_input_data = skip_input_data;
+  src->resync_to_restart = jpeg_resync_to_restart; /* use default method */
+  src->term_source = term_source;
+  src->bytes_in_buffer = nbytes;
+  src->next_input_byte = (JOCTET*)buffer;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+class BufferReader : public Image::Reader {
+public:
+  BufferReader(uint8_t* buf, unsigned len) : _buf(buf), _len(len), _idx(0) {}
+
+  bool hasBytes(unsigned n) const override { return (_idx + n - 1 < _len); }
+
+  uint8_t getNext() override {
+    return _buf[_idx++];
+  }
+
+  void skipBytes(unsigned n) override { _idx += n; }
+
+private:
+  uint8_t* _buf;  // we do not own this
+  unsigned _len;
+  unsigned _idx;
+};
+
+class StreamReader : public Image::Reader {
+public:
+  StreamReader(FILE *stream) : _stream(stream), _len(0), _idx(0) {
+    fseek(_stream, 0, SEEK_END);
+    _len = ftell(_stream);
+    fseek(_stream, 0, SEEK_SET);
+  }
+
+  bool hasBytes(unsigned n) const override { return (_idx + n - 1 < _len); }
+
+  uint8_t getNext() override {
+    ++_idx;
+    return getc(_stream);
+  }
+
+  void skipBytes(unsigned n) override {
+    _idx += n;
+    fseek(_stream, _idx, SEEK_SET);
+  }
+
+private:
+  FILE* _stream;
+  unsigned _len;
+  unsigned _idx;
+};
+
+void Image::jpegToARGB(jpeg_decompress_struct* args, uint8_t* data, uint8_t* src, JPEGDecodeL decode) {
+  int stride = naturalWidth * 4;
+  for (int y = 0; y < naturalHeight; ++y) {
+    jpeg_read_scanlines(args, &src, 1);
+    uint32_t *row = (uint32_t*)(data + stride * y);
+    for (int x = 0; x < naturalWidth; ++x) {
+      int bx = args->output_components * x;
+      row[x] = decode(src + bx);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Takes an initialised jpeg_decompress_struct and decodes the
+ * data into _surface.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::decodeJPEGIntoSurface(jpeg_decompress_struct *args, Orientation orientation) {
+  const int channels = 4;
+  cairo_status_t status = CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+
+  uint8_t *data = new uint8_t[naturalWidth * naturalHeight * channels];
+  if (!data) {
+    jpeg_abort_decompress(args);
+    jpeg_destroy_decompress(args);
+    this->errorInfo.set(NULL, "malloc", errno);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t *src = new uint8_t[naturalWidth * args->output_components];
+  if (!src) {
+    free(data);
+    jpeg_abort_decompress(args);
+    jpeg_destroy_decompress(args);
+    this->errorInfo.set(NULL, "malloc", errno);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  // These are the three main cases to handle. libjpeg converts YCCK to CMYK
+  // and YCbCr to RGB by default.
+  switch (args->out_color_space) {
+    case JCS_CMYK:
+      jpegToARGB(args, data, src, [](uint8_t const* src) {
+        uint16_t k = static_cast<uint16_t>(src[3]);
+        uint8_t r = k * src[0] / 255;
+        uint8_t g = k * src[1] / 255;
+        uint8_t b = k * src[2] / 255;
+        return 255 << 24 | r << 16 | g << 8 | b;
+      });
+      break;
+    case JCS_RGB:
+      jpegToARGB(args, data, src, [](uint8_t const* src) {
+        uint8_t r = src[0], g = src[1], b = src[2];
+        return 255 << 24 | r << 16 | g << 8 | b;
+      });
+      break;
+    case JCS_GRAYSCALE:
+      jpegToARGB(args, data, src, [](uint8_t const* src) {
+        uint8_t v = src[0];
+        return 255 << 24 | v << 16 | v << 8 | v;
+      });
+      break;
+    default:
+      this->errorInfo.set("Unsupported JPEG encoding");
+      status = CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  updateDimensionsForOrientation(orientation);
+
+  if (!status) {
+    _surface = cairo_image_surface_create_for_data(
+        data
+      , CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32
+      , naturalWidth
+      , naturalHeight
+      , cairo_format_stride_for_width(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, naturalWidth));
+  }
+
+  jpeg_finish_decompress(args);
+  jpeg_destroy_decompress(args);
+  status = cairo_surface_status(_surface);
+
+  rotatePixels(data, naturalWidth, naturalHeight, channels, orientation);
+
+  delete[] src;
+
+  if (status) {
+    delete[] data;
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  _data = data;
+
+  return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Callback to recover from jpeg errors
+ */
+
+static void canvas_jpeg_error_exit(j_common_ptr cinfo) {
+  canvas_jpeg_error_mgr *cjerr = static_cast<canvas_jpeg_error_mgr*>(cinfo->err);
+  cjerr->output_message(cinfo);
+  // Return control to the setjmp point
+  longjmp(cjerr->setjmp_buffer, 1);
+}
+
+// Capture libjpeg errors instead of writing stdout
+static void canvas_jpeg_output_message(j_common_ptr cinfo) {
+  canvas_jpeg_error_mgr *cjerr = static_cast<canvas_jpeg_error_mgr*>(cinfo->err);
+  char buff[JMSG_LENGTH_MAX];
+  cjerr->format_message(cinfo, buff);
+  // (Only the last message will be returned to JS land.)
+  cjerr->image->errorInfo.set(buff);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Takes a jpeg data buffer and assigns it as mime data to a
+ * dummy surface
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::decodeJPEGBufferIntoMimeSurface(uint8_t *buf, unsigned len) {
+  // TODO: remove this duplicate logic
+  // JPEG setup
+  struct jpeg_decompress_struct args;
+  struct canvas_jpeg_error_mgr err;
+
+  err.image = this;
+  args.err = jpeg_std_error(&err);
+  args.err->error_exit = canvas_jpeg_error_exit;
+  args.err->output_message = canvas_jpeg_output_message;
+
+  // Establish the setjmp return context for canvas_jpeg_error_exit to use
+  if (setjmp(err.setjmp_buffer)) {
+    // If we get here, the JPEG code has signaled an error.
+    // We need to clean up the JPEG object, close the input file, and return.
+    jpeg_destroy_decompress(&args);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  jpeg_create_decompress(&args);
+
+  jpeg_mem_src(&args, buf, len);
+
+  jpeg_read_header(&args, 1);
+  jpeg_start_decompress(&args);
+  width = naturalWidth = args.output_width;
+  height = naturalHeight = args.output_height;
+
+  // Data alloc
+  // 8 pixels per byte using Alpha Channel format to reduce memory requirement.
+  int buf_size = naturalHeight * cairo_format_stride_for_width(CAIRO_FORMAT_A1, naturalWidth);
+  uint8_t *data = new uint8_t[buf_size];
+  if (!data) {
+    this->errorInfo.set(NULL, "malloc", errno);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  BufferReader reader(buf, len);
+  Orientation orientation = getExifOrientation(reader);
+  updateDimensionsForOrientation(orientation);
+
+  // New image surface
+  _surface = cairo_image_surface_create_for_data(
+      data
+    , CAIRO_FORMAT_A1
+    , naturalWidth
+    , naturalHeight
+    , cairo_format_stride_for_width(CAIRO_FORMAT_A1, naturalWidth));
+
+  // Cleanup
+  jpeg_abort_decompress(&args);
+  jpeg_destroy_decompress(&args);
+  cairo_status_t status = cairo_surface_status(_surface);
+
+  if (status) {
+    delete[] data;
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  rotatePixels(data, naturalWidth, naturalHeight, 1, orientation);
+
+  _data = data;
+
+  return assignDataAsMime(buf, len, CAIRO_MIME_TYPE_JPEG);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper function for disposing of a mime data closure.
+ */
+
+void
+clearMimeData(void *closure) {
+  Napi::MemoryManagement::AdjustExternalMemory(
+      static_cast<read_closure_t *>(closure)->env,
+      -static_cast<int>((static_cast<read_closure_t *>(closure)->len)));
+  free(static_cast<read_closure_t *>(closure)->buf);
+  free(closure);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Assign a given buffer as mime data against the surface.
+ * The provided buffer will be copied, and the copy will
+ * be automatically freed when the surface is destroyed.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::assignDataAsMime(uint8_t *data, int len, const char *mime_type) {
+  uint8_t *mime_data = (uint8_t *) malloc(len);
+  if (!mime_data) {
+    this->errorInfo.set(NULL, "malloc", errno);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  read_closure_t *mime_closure = (read_closure_t *) malloc(sizeof(read_closure_t));
+  if (!mime_closure) {
+    free(mime_data);
+    this->errorInfo.set(NULL, "malloc", errno);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  memcpy(mime_data, data, len);
+
+  mime_closure->env = env;
+  mime_closure->buf = mime_data;
+  mime_closure->len = len;
+
+  Napi::MemoryManagement::AdjustExternalMemory(env, len);
+
+  return cairo_surface_set_mime_data(_surface
+    , mime_type
+    , mime_data
+    , len
+    , clearMimeData
+    , mime_closure);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load jpeg from buffer.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::loadJPEGFromBuffer(uint8_t *buf, unsigned len) {
+  BufferReader reader(buf, len);
+  Orientation orientation = getExifOrientation(reader);
+
+  // TODO: remove this duplicate logic
+  // JPEG setup
+  struct jpeg_decompress_struct args;
+  struct canvas_jpeg_error_mgr err;
+
+  err.image = this;
+  args.err = jpeg_std_error(&err);
+  args.err->error_exit = canvas_jpeg_error_exit;
+  args.err->output_message = canvas_jpeg_output_message;
+
+  // Establish the setjmp return context for canvas_jpeg_error_exit to use
+  if (setjmp(err.setjmp_buffer)) {
+    // If we get here, the JPEG code has signaled an error.
+    // We need to clean up the JPEG object, close the input file, and return.
+    jpeg_destroy_decompress(&args);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  jpeg_create_decompress(&args);
+
+  jpeg_mem_src(&args, buf, len);
+
+  jpeg_read_header(&args, 1);
+  jpeg_start_decompress(&args);
+  width = naturalWidth = args.output_width;
+  height = naturalHeight = args.output_height;
+
+  return decodeJPEGIntoSurface(&args, orientation);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load JPEG, convert RGB to ARGB.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::loadJPEG(FILE *stream) {
+  cairo_status_t status;
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+  if (false) { // Force using loadJPEGFromBuffer
+#else
+  if (data_mode == DATA_IMAGE) { // Can lazily read in the JPEG.
+#endif
+    Orientation orientation = NORMAL;
+    {
+    StreamReader reader(stream);
+    orientation = getExifOrientation(reader);
+    rewind(stream);
+    }
+
+    // JPEG setup
+    struct jpeg_decompress_struct args;
+    struct canvas_jpeg_error_mgr err;
+
+    err.image = this;
+    args.err = jpeg_std_error(&err);
+    args.err->error_exit = canvas_jpeg_error_exit;
+    args.err->output_message = canvas_jpeg_output_message;
+
+    // Establish the setjmp return context for canvas_jpeg_error_exit to use
+    if (setjmp(err.setjmp_buffer)) {
+      // If we get here, the JPEG code has signaled an error.
+      // We need to clean up the JPEG object, close the input file, and return.
+      jpeg_destroy_decompress(&args);
+      return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    jpeg_create_decompress(&args);
+
+    jpeg_stdio_src(&args, stream);
+
+    jpeg_read_header(&args, 1);
+    jpeg_start_decompress(&args);
+
+    if (args.output_width > canvas_max_side || args.output_height > canvas_max_side) {
+      jpeg_destroy_decompress(&args);
+      return CAIRO_STATUS_INVALID_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    width = naturalWidth = args.output_width;
+    height = naturalHeight = args.output_height;
+
+    status = decodeJPEGIntoSurface(&args, orientation);
+    fclose(stream);
+  } else { // We'll need the actual source jpeg data, so read fully.
+    uint8_t *buf;
+    unsigned len;
+
+    fseek(stream, 0, SEEK_END);
+    len = ftell(stream);
+    fseek(stream, 0, SEEK_SET);
+
+    buf = (uint8_t *) malloc(len);
+    if (!buf) {
+      this->errorInfo.set(NULL, "malloc", errno);
+      return CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+    }
+
+    if (fread(buf, len, 1, stream) != 1) {
+      status = CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+    } else if ((DATA_IMAGE | DATA_MIME) == data_mode) {
+      status = loadJPEGFromBuffer(buf, len);
+      if (!status) status = assignDataAsMime(buf, len, CAIRO_MIME_TYPE_JPEG);
+    } else if (DATA_MIME == data_mode) {
+      status = decodeJPEGBufferIntoMimeSurface(buf, len);
+    }
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+    else if (DATA_IMAGE == data_mode) {
+      status = loadJPEGFromBuffer(buf, len);
+    }
+#endif
+    else {
+      status = CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    fclose(stream);
+    free(buf);
+  }
+
+  return status;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns the Exif orientation if one exists, otherwise returns NORMAL
+ */
+
+Image::Orientation
+Image::getExifOrientation(Reader& jpeg) {
+  static const char kJpegStartOfImage = (char)0xd8;
+  static const char kJpegStartOfFrameBaseline = (char)0xc0;
+  static const char kJpegStartOfFrameProgressive = (char)0xc2;
+  static const char kJpegHuffmanTable = (char)0xc4;
+  static const char kJpegQuantizationTable = (char)0xdb;
+  static const char kJpegRestartInterval = (char)0xdd;
+  static const char kJpegComment = (char)0xfe;
+  static const char kJpegStartOfScan = (char)0xda;
+  static const char kJpegApp0 = (char)0xe0;
+  static const char kJpegApp1 = (char)0xe1;
+
+  // Find the Exif tag (if it exists)
+  int exif_len = 0;
+  bool done = false;
+  while (!done && jpeg.hasBytes(1)) {
+    while (jpeg.hasBytes(1) && jpeg.getNext() != 0xff) {
+      // noop
+    }
+    if (jpeg.hasBytes(1)) {
+      char tag = jpeg.getNext();
+      switch (tag) {
+        case kJpegStartOfImage:
+          break;  // beginning of file, no extra bytes
+        case kJpegRestartInterval:
+          jpeg.skipBytes(4);
+          break;
+        case kJpegStartOfFrameBaseline:
+        case kJpegStartOfFrameProgressive:
+        case kJpegHuffmanTable:
+        case kJpegQuantizationTable:
+        case kJpegComment:
+        case kJpegApp0:
+        case kJpegApp1: {
+          if (jpeg.hasBytes(2)) {
+            uint16_t tag_len = 0;
+            tag_len |= jpeg.getNext() << 8;
+            tag_len |= jpeg.getNext();
+            // The tag length includes the two bytes for the length
+            uint16_t tag_content_len = std::max(0, tag_len - 2);
+            if (tag != kJpegApp1 || !jpeg.hasBytes(tag_content_len)) {
+              jpeg.skipBytes(tag_content_len); // skip JPEG tags we ignore.
+            } else if (!jpeg.hasBytes(6)) {
+              jpeg.skipBytes(tag_content_len); // too short to have "Exif\0\0"
+            } else {
+              if (jpeg.getNext() == 'E' && jpeg.getNext() == 'x' &&
+                  jpeg.getNext() == 'i' && jpeg.getNext() == 'f' &&
+                  jpeg.getNext() == '\0' && jpeg.getNext() == '\0') {
+                  exif_len = tag_content_len - 6;
+                  done = true;
+              } else {
+                jpeg.skipBytes(tag_content_len); // too short to have "Exif\0\0"
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            done = true;  // shouldn't happen: corrupt file or we have a bug
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        case kJpegStartOfScan:
+        default:
+            done = true;  // got to the image, apparently no exif tags here
+            break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Parse exif if it exists. If it does, we have already checked that jpeglen
+  // is longer than exifStart + exifLen, so we can safely index the data
+  if (exif_len > 0) {
+    // The first two bytes of TIFF header are "II" if little-endian ("Intel")
+    // and "MM" if big-endian ("Motorola")
+    const bool isLE = (jpeg.getNext() == 'I');
+    jpeg.skipBytes(3);  // +1 for the other I/M, +2 for 0x002a
+
+    auto readUint16Little = [](Reader &jpeg) -> uint32_t {
+      uint16_t val = uint16_t(jpeg.getNext());
+      val |= uint16_t(jpeg.getNext()) << 8;
+      return val;
+    };
+    auto readUint32Little = [](Reader &jpeg) -> uint32_t {
+      uint32_t val = uint32_t(jpeg.getNext());
+      val |= uint32_t(jpeg.getNext()) << 8;
+      val |= uint32_t(jpeg.getNext()) << 16;
+      val |= uint32_t(jpeg.getNext()) << 24;
+      return val;
+    };
+    auto readUint16Big = [](Reader &jpeg) -> uint32_t {
+      uint16_t val = uint16_t(jpeg.getNext()) << 8;
+      val |= uint16_t(jpeg.getNext());
+      return val;
+    };
+    auto readUint32Big = [](Reader &jpeg) -> uint32_t {
+      uint32_t val = uint32_t(jpeg.getNext()) << 24;
+      val |= uint32_t(jpeg.getNext()) << 16;
+      val |= uint32_t(jpeg.getNext()) << 8;
+      val |= uint32_t(jpeg.getNext());
+      return val;
+    };
+    // The first two bytes of TIFF header are "II" if little-endian ("Intel")
+    // and "MM" if big-endian ("Motorola")
+    auto readUint32 = [readUint32Little, readUint32Big, isLE](Reader &jpeg) -> uint32_t {
+      return isLE ? readUint32Little(jpeg) : readUint32Big(jpeg);
+    };
+    auto readUint16 = [readUint16Little, readUint16Big, isLE](Reader &jpeg) -> uint32_t {
+      return isLE ? readUint16Little(jpeg) : readUint16Big(jpeg);
+    };
+    // offset to the IFD0 (offset from beginning of TIFF header, II/MM,
+    // which is 8 bytes before where we are after reading the uint32)
+    jpeg.skipBytes(readUint32(jpeg) - 8);
+
+    // Read the IFD0 ("Image File Directory 0")
+    // | NN |                     n entries in directory (2 bytes)
+    // | TT | tt | nnnn | vvvv |  entry:  tag (2b), data type (2b),
+    //                                    n components (4b), value/offset (4b)
+    if (jpeg.hasBytes(2)) {
+      uint16_t nEntries = readUint16(jpeg);
+      for (uint16_t i = 0;  i < nEntries && jpeg.hasBytes(2);  ++i) {
+        uint16_t tag = readUint16(jpeg);
+        // The entry is 12 bytes. We already read the 2 bytes for the tag.
+        jpeg.skipBytes(6);  // skip 2 for the data type, skip 4 n components.
+        if (tag == 0x112) {
+          switch (readUint16(jpeg)) {  // orientation tag is always one uint16
+            case 1: return NORMAL;
+            case 2: return MIRROR_HORIZ;
+            case 3: return ROTATE_180;
+            case 4: return MIRROR_VERT;
+            case 5: return MIRROR_HORIZ_AND_ROTATE_270_CW;
+            case 6: return ROTATE_90_CW;
+            case 7: return MIRROR_HORIZ_AND_ROTATE_90_CW;
+            case 8: return ROTATE_270_CW;
+            default: return NORMAL;
+          }
+        } else {
+          jpeg.skipBytes(4);  // skip the four bytes for the value
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NORMAL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Updates the dimensions of the bitmap according to the orientation
+ */
+
+void Image::updateDimensionsForOrientation(Orientation orientation) {
+  switch (orientation) {
+    case ROTATE_90_CW:
+    case ROTATE_270_CW:
+    case MIRROR_HORIZ_AND_ROTATE_90_CW:
+    case MIRROR_HORIZ_AND_ROTATE_270_CW: {
+      int tmp = naturalWidth;
+      naturalWidth = naturalHeight;
+      naturalHeight = tmp;
+      tmp = width;
+      width = height;
+      height = tmp;
+      break;
+    }
+    case NORMAL:
+    case MIRROR_HORIZ:
+    case MIRROR_VERT:
+    case ROTATE_180:
+    default: {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Rotates the pixels to the correct orientation.
+ */
+
+void
+Image::rotatePixels(uint8_t* pixels, int width, int height, int channels,
+                    Orientation orientation) {
+  auto swapPixel = [channels](uint8_t* pixels, int src_idx, int dst_idx) {
+    uint8_t tmp;
+    for (int i = 0;  i < channels;  ++i) {
+      tmp = pixels[src_idx + i];
+      pixels[src_idx + i] = pixels[dst_idx + i];
+      pixels[dst_idx + i] = tmp;
+    }
+  };
+
+  auto mirrorHoriz = [swapPixel](uint8_t* pixels, int width, int height, int channels) {
+    int midX = width / 2;  // ok to truncate if odd, since we don't swap a center pixel
+    for (int y = 0;  y < height;  ++y) {
+      for (int x = 0;  x < midX;  ++x) {
+        int orig_idx = (y * width + x) * channels;
+        int new_idx = (y * width + width - 1 - x) * channels;
+        swapPixel(pixels, orig_idx, new_idx);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  auto mirrorVert = [swapPixel](uint8_t* pixels, int width, int height, int channels) {
+    int midY = height / 2;  // ok to truncate if odd, since we don't swap a center pixel
+    for (int y = 0;  y < midY;  ++y) {
+      for (int x = 0;  x < width;  ++x) {
+        int orig_idx = (y * width + x) * channels;
+        int new_idx = ((height - y - 1) * width + x) * channels;
+        swapPixel(pixels, orig_idx, new_idx);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  auto rotate90 = [](uint8_t* pixels, int width, int height, int channels) {
+    const int n_bytes = width * height * channels;
+    uint8_t *unrotated = new uint8_t[n_bytes];
+    if (!unrotated) {
+        return;
+    }
+    std::memcpy(unrotated, pixels, n_bytes);
+    for (int y = 0;  y < height;  ++y) {
+      for (int x = 0;  x < width ;  ++x) {
+        int orig_idx = (y * width + x) * channels;
+        int new_idx = (x * height + height - 1 - y) * channels;
+        std::memcpy(pixels + new_idx, unrotated + orig_idx, channels);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  auto rotate270 = [](uint8_t* pixels, int width, int height, int channels) {
+    const int n_bytes = width * height * channels;
+    uint8_t *unrotated = new uint8_t[n_bytes];
+    if (!unrotated) {
+        return;
+    }
+    std::memcpy(unrotated, pixels, n_bytes);
+    for (int y = 0;  y < height;  ++y) {
+      for (int x = 0;  x < width ;  ++x) {
+        int orig_idx = (y * width + x) * channels;
+        int new_idx = ((width - 1 - x) * height + y) * channels;
+        std::memcpy(pixels + new_idx, unrotated + orig_idx, channels);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  switch (orientation) {
+    case MIRROR_HORIZ:
+      mirrorHoriz(pixels, width, height, channels);
+      break;
+    case MIRROR_VERT:
+      mirrorVert(pixels, width, height, channels);
+      break;
+    case ROTATE_180:
+      mirrorHoriz(pixels, width, height, channels);
+      mirrorVert(pixels, width, height, channels);
+      break;
+    case ROTATE_90_CW:
+      rotate90(pixels, height, width, channels);  // swap w/h because we need orig w/h
+      break;
+    case ROTATE_270_CW:
+      rotate270(pixels, height, width, channels);  // swap w/h because we need orig w/h
+      break;
+    case MIRROR_HORIZ_AND_ROTATE_90_CW:
+      mirrorHoriz(pixels, height, width, channels);  // swap w/h because we need orig w/h
+      rotate90(pixels, height, width, channels);
+      break;
+    case MIRROR_HORIZ_AND_ROTATE_270_CW:
+      mirrorHoriz(pixels, height, width, channels);  // swap w/h because we need orig w/h
+      rotate270(pixels, height, width, channels);
+      break;
+    case NORMAL:
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_JPEG */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_RSVG
+
+/*
+ * Load SVG from buffer
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::loadSVGFromBuffer(uint8_t *buf, unsigned len) {
+  _is_svg = true;
+
+  if (NULL == (_rsvg = rsvg_handle_new_from_data(buf, len, nullptr))) {
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  double d_width;
+  double d_height;
+
+  rsvg_handle_get_intrinsic_size_in_pixels(_rsvg, &d_width, &d_height);
+
+  width = naturalWidth = d_width;
+  height = naturalHeight = d_height;
+
+  if (width <= 0 || height <= 0) {
+    this->errorInfo.set("Width and height must be set on the svg element");
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  return renderSVGToSurface();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Renders the Rsvg handle to this image's surface
+ */
+cairo_status_t
+Image::renderSVGToSurface() {
+  cairo_status_t status;
+
+  _surface = cairo_image_surface_create(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, width, height);
+
+  status = cairo_surface_status(_surface);
+  if (status != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+    g_object_unref(_rsvg);
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  cairo_t *cr = cairo_create(_surface);
+  status = cairo_status(cr);
+  if (status != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+    g_object_unref(_rsvg);
+    return status;
+  }
+
+  RsvgRectangle viewport = {
+    0, // x
+    0, // y
+    static_cast<double>(width),
+    static_cast<double>(height)
+  };
+  gboolean render_ok = rsvg_handle_render_document(_rsvg, cr, &viewport, nullptr);
+  if (!render_ok) {
+    g_object_unref(_rsvg);
+    cairo_destroy(cr);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR; // or WRITE?
+  }
+
+  cairo_destroy(cr);
+
+  _svg_last_width = width;
+  _svg_last_height = height;
+
+  return status;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load SVG
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t
+Image::loadSVG(FILE *stream) {
+  _is_svg = true;
+
+  struct stat s;
+  int fd = fileno(stream);
+
+  // stat
+  if (fstat(fd, &s) < 0) {
+    fclose(stream);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t *buf = (uint8_t *) malloc(s.st_size);
+
+  if (!buf) {
+    fclose(stream);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  size_t read = fread(buf, s.st_size, 1, stream);
+  fclose(stream);
+
+  cairo_status_t result = CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  if (1 == read) result = loadSVGFromBuffer(buf, s.st_size);
+  free(buf);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_RSVG */
+
+/*
+ * Load BMP from buffer.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t Image::loadBMPFromBuffer(uint8_t *buf, unsigned len){
+  BMPParser::Parser parser;
+
+  // Reversed ARGB32 with pre-multiplied alpha
+  uint8_t pixFmt[5] = {2, 1, 0, 3, 1};
+  parser.parse(buf, len, pixFmt);
+
+  if (parser.getStatus() != BMPParser::Status::OK) {
+    errorInfo.reset();
+    errorInfo.message = parser.getErrMsg();
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  width = naturalWidth = parser.getWidth();
+  height = naturalHeight = parser.getHeight();
+  uint8_t *data = parser.getImgd();
+
+  _surface = cairo_image_surface_create_for_data(
+    data,
+    CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32,
+    width,
+    height,
+    cairo_format_stride_for_width(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, width)
+  );
+
+  // No need to delete the data
+  cairo_status_t status = cairo_surface_status(_surface);
+  if (status) return status;
+
+  _data = data;
+  parser.clearImgd();
+
+  return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Load BMP.
+ */
+
+cairo_status_t Image::loadBMP(FILE *stream){
+  struct stat s;
+  int fd = fileno(stream);
+
+  // Stat
+  if (fstat(fd, &s) < 0) {
+    fclose(stream);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t *buf = new uint8_t[s.st_size];
+
+  if (!buf) {
+    fclose(stream);
+    errorInfo.set(NULL, "malloc", errno);
+    return CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  size_t read = fread(buf, s.st_size, 1, stream);
+  fclose(stream);
+
+  cairo_status_t result = CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR;
+  if (read == 1) result = loadBMPFromBuffer(buf, s.st_size);
+  delete[] buf;
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return UNKNOWN, SVG, GIF, JPEG, or PNG based on the filename.
+ */
+
+Image::type
+Image::extension(const char *filename) {
+  size_t len = strlen(filename);
+  filename += len;
+  if (len >= 5 && 0 == strcmp(".jpeg", filename - 5)) return Image::JPEG;
+  if (len >= 4 && 0 == strcmp(".gif", filename - 4)) return Image::GIF;
+  if (len >= 4 && 0 == strcmp(".jpg", filename - 4)) return Image::JPEG;
+  if (len >= 4 && 0 == strcmp(".png", filename - 4)) return Image::PNG;
+  if (len >= 4 && 0 == strcmp(".svg", filename - 4)) return Image::SVG;
+  return Image::UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sniff bytes 0..1 for JPEG's magic number ff d8.
+ */
+
+int
+Image::isJPEG(uint8_t *data) {
+  return 0xff == data[0] && 0xd8 == data[1];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sniff bytes 0..2 for "GIF".
+ */
+
+int
+Image::isGIF(uint8_t *data) {
+  return 'G' == data[0] && 'I' == data[1] && 'F' == data[2];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sniff bytes 1..3 for "PNG".
+ */
+
+int
+Image::isPNG(uint8_t *data) {
+  return 'P' == data[1] && 'N' == data[2] && 'G' == data[3];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Skip "<?" and "<!" tags to test if root tag starts "<svg"
+ */
+int
+Image::isSVG(uint8_t *data, unsigned len) {
+  for (unsigned i = 3; i < len; i++) {
+    if ('<' == data[i-3]) {
+      switch (data[i-2]) {
+        case '?':
+        case '!':
+          break;
+        case 's':
+          return ('v' == data[i-1] && 'g' == data[i]);
+        default:
+          return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check for valid BMP signatures
+ */
+
+int Image::isBMP(uint8_t *data, unsigned len) {
+  if(len < 2) return false;
+  std::string sig = std::string(1, (char)data[0]) + (char)data[1];
+  return sig == "BM" ||
+         sig == "BA" ||
+         sig == "CI" ||
+         sig == "CP" ||
+         sig == "IC" ||
+         sig == "PT";
+}