@scrypted/libav 1.0.166 → 1.0.168

package/opus/doc/opus_in_isobmff.html

@@ -0,0 +1,692 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
+<html>
+    <head>
+        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="opus_in_isobmff.css"/>
+        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+        <title>Encapsulation of Opus in ISO Base Media File Format</title>
+    </head>
+    <body bgcolor="0x333333" text="#60B0C0">
+        <b><u>Encapsulation of Opus in ISO Base Media File Format</u></b><br>
+        <font size="2">last updated: August 28, 2018</font><br>
+        <br>
+        <div class="normal_link pre frame_box">
+
+                                Encapsulation of Opus in ISO Base Media File Format
+                                        Version 1.0.0
+
+
+Table of Contents
+<a href="#1">1</a> Scope
+<a href="#2">2</a> Normative References
+<a href="#3">3</a> Terms and Definitions
+<a href="#4">4</a> Design Rules of Encapsulation
+    <a href="#4.1">4.1</a> File Type Identification
+    <a href="#4.2">4.2</a> Overview of Track Structure
+    <a href="#4.3">4.3</a> Definitions of Opus sample
+        <a href="#4.3.1">4.3.1</a> Sample entry format
+        <a href="#4.3.2">4.3.2</a> Opus Specific Box
+        <a href="#4.3.3">4.3.3</a> Sample format
+        <a href="#4.3.4">4.3.4</a> Duration of Opus sample
+        <a href="#4.3.5">4.3.5</a> Sub-sample
+        <a href="#4.3.6">4.3.6</a> Random Access
+            <a href="#4.3.6.1">4.3.6.1</a> Random Access Point
+            <a href="#4.3.6.2">4.3.6.2</a> Pre-roll
+    <a href="#4.4">4.4</a> Trimming of Actual Duration
+    <a href="#4.5">4.5</a> Channel Mapping
+        <a href="#4.5.1">4.5.1</a> ISO Base Media native Channel Mapping
+        <a href="#4.5.2">4.5.2</a> Composition on all active tracks (informative)
+    <a href="#4.6">4.6</a> Basic Structure (informative)
+        <a href="#4.6.1">4.6.2</a> Initial Movie
+        <a href="#4.6.2">4.6.3</a> Movie Fragments
+    <a href="#4.7">4.7</a> Example of Encapsulation (informative)
+<a href="#5">5</a> Author's Address
+
+<a name="1"></a>
+1 Scope
+    This specification specifies the fundamental way of the encapsulation of Opus coded bitstreams in ISO Base Media
+    file format and its derivatives. The encapsulation of Opus coded bitstreams in QuickTime file format is outside
+    the scope of this specification.
+
+<a name="2"></a>
+2 Normative References
+    [1] ISO/IEC 14496-12:2015 Corrected version
+        Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 12: ISO base media file format
+
+    [2] RFC 6716
+        Definition of the Opus Audio Codec
+
+    [3] RFC 7845
+        Ogg Encapsulation for the Opus Audio Codec
+
+<a name="3"></a>
+3 Terms and Definitions
+    3.1 active track
+        enabled track from the non-alternate group or selected track from alternate group
+
+    3.2 actual duration
+        duration constructed from valid samples
+
+    3.3 edit
+        entry in the Edit List Box
+
+    3.4 padded samples
+        PCM samples after decoding Opus sample(s) which are not valid samples
+        An Opus bitstream always contains them partially at the beginning and may contain them in part at the end, as
+        long as not physically removed yet at the beginning and/or the end.
+
+    3.5 priming samples
+        padded samples at the beginning of the Opus bitstream
+
+    3.6 sample-accurate
+        for any PCM sample, a timestamp exactly matching its sampling timestamp is present in the media timeline.
+
+    3.7 valid samples
+        PCM samples after decoding Opus sample(s) corresponding to input PCM samples
+
+<a name="4"></a>
+4 Design Rules of Encapsulation
+    4.1 File Type Identification<a name="4.1"></a>
+        This specification defines the brand 'Opus' to declare files are conformant to this specification. Additionally,
+        files conformant to this specification shall contain at least one brand, which supports the requirements and the
+        requirements described in this clause without contradiction, in the compatible brands list of the File Type Box.
+        As an example, the minimal support of the encapsulation of Opus bitstreams in ISO Base Media file format requires
+        the 'iso2' brand in the compatible brands list since support of roll groups is required.
+<a name="4.2"></a>
+    4.2 Overview of Track Structure
+        This clause summarizes requirements of the encapsulation of Opus coded bitstream as media data in audio tracks
+        in file formats compliant with the ISO Base Media File Format. The details are described in clauses after this
+        clause.
+            + The handler_type field in the Handler Reference Box shall be set to 'soun'.
+            + The Media Information Box shall contain the Sound Media Header Box.
+            + The codingname of the sample entry is 'Opus'.
+                This specification does not define any encapsulation using MP4AudioSampleEntry with objectTypeIndication
+                specified by the MPEG-4 Registration Authority (http://www.mp4ra.org/).
+                See 4.3.1 Sample entry format to get the details about the sample entry.
+            + The 'dOps' box is added to the sample entry to convey initializing information for the decoder.
+                See 4.3.2 Opus Specific Box to get the details.
+            + An Opus sample is exactly one Opus packet for each of different Opus bitstreams.
+                See 4.3.3 Sample format to get the details.
+            + Every Opus sample is a sync sample but requires pre-roll for every random access to get correct output.
+                See 4.3.6 Random Access to get the details.
+<a name="4.3"></a>
+    4.3 Definitions of Opus sample
+        4.3.1 Sample entry format<a name="4.3.1"></a>
+            For any track containing Opus bitstreams, at least one sample entry describing corresponding Opus bitstream
+            shall be present inside the Sample Table Box. This version of the specification defines only one sample
+            entry format named OpusSampleEntry whose codingname is 'Opus'. This sample entry includes exactly one Opus
+            Specific Box defined in 4.3.2 as a mandatory box and indicates that Opus samples described by this sample
+            entry are stored by the sample format described in 4.3.3.
+
+            The syntax and semantics of the OpusSampleEntry is shown as follows.
+
+            class OpusSampleEntry() extends AudioSampleEntry ('Opus') {
+                OpusSpecificBox();
+            }
+
+            + channelcount:
+                The channelcount field indicates the number of output channels and shall be set to the same value of
+                the OutputChannelCount in the OpusDecoderConfigurationRecord. The value of this field may be used in
+                the ChannelLayout if any as described in 4.5.1.
+            + samplesize:
+                The samplesize field shall be set to 16.
+            + samplerate:
+                The samplerate field shall be set to 48000&lt&lt16.
+            + OpusSpecificBox
+                This box contains initializing information for the decoder as defined in 4.3.2.
+
+        4.3.2 Opus Specific Box<a name="4.3.2"></a>
+            Exactly one Opus Specific Box shall be present in each OpusSampleEntry.
+            The Opus Specific Box contains an OpusDecoderConfigurationRecord which contains the Version field and
+            this specification defines version 0 of this record. If incompatible changes occured in the fields after
+            the Version field within the OpusDecoderConfigurationRecord in the future versions of this specification,
+            another version will be defined.
+            This box refers to Ogg Opus [3] at many parts but all the data are stored as big-endian format.
+
+            The syntax and semantics of the Opus Specific Box is shown as follows.
+
+            class ChannelMappingTable (unsigned int(8) OutputChannelCount) {
+                unsigned int(8) StreamCount;
+                unsigned int(8) CoupledCount;
+                unsigned int(8 * OutputChannelCount) ChannelMapping;
+            }
+
+            aligned(8) class OpusDecoderConfigurationRecord {
+                unsigned int(8) Version;
+                unsigned int(8) OutputChannelCount;
+                unsigned int(16) PreSkip;
+                unsigned int(32) InputSampleRate;
+                signed int(16) OutputGain;
+                unsigned int(8) ChannelMappingFamily;
+                if (ChannelMappingFamily != 0) {
+                    ChannelMappingTable(OutputChannelCount);
+                }
+            }
+
+            class OpusSpecificBox extends Box('dOps') {
+                OpusDecoderConfigurationRecord() OpusConfig;
+            }
+
+            + Version:
+                The Version field shall be set to 0.
+                In the future versions of this specification, this field may be set to other values. And without support
+                of those values, the reader shall not read the fields after this within the OpusSpecificBox.
+            + OutputChannelCount:
+                The OutputChannelCount field shall be set to the same value as the *Output Channel Count* field in the
+                identification header defined in Ogg Opus [3].
+            + PreSkip:
+                The PreSkip field indicates the number of the priming samples, that is, the number of samples at 48000 Hz
+                to discard from the decoder output when starting playback. The value of the PreSkip field shall be at least
+                80 milliseconds' worth of PCM samples even when removing any number of Opus samples which may or may not
+                contain the priming samples. The PreSkip field is not used for discarding the priming samples at the whole
+                playback at all since it is informative only, and that task falls on the Edit List Box.
+            + InputSampleRate:
+                The InputSampleRate field shall be set to the same value as the *Input Sample Rate* field in the
+                identification header defined in Ogg Opus [3].
+            + OutputGain:
+                The OutputGain field shall be set to the same value as the *Output Gain* field in the identification
+                header define in Ogg Opus [3]. Note that the value is stored as 8.8 fixed-point.
+            + ChannelMappingFamily:
+                The ChannelMappingFamily field shall be set to the same value as the *Channel Mapping Family* field in
+                the identification header defined in Ogg Opus [3]. Note that the value 255 may be used for an alternative
+                to map channels by ISO Base Media native mapping. The details are described in 4.5.1.
+            + StreamCount:
+                The StreamCount field shall be set to the same value as the *Stream Count* field in the identification
+                header defined in Ogg Opus [3].
+            + CoupledCount:
+                The CoupledCount field shall be set to the same value as the *Coupled Count* field in the identification
+                header defined in Ogg Opus [3].
+            + ChannelMapping:
+                The ChannelMapping field shall be set to the same octet string as *Channel Mapping* field in the identi-
+                fication header defined in Ogg Opus [3].
+
+        4.3.3 Sample format<a name="4.3.3"></a>
+            An Opus sample is exactly one Opus packet for each of different Opus bitstreams. Due to support more than
+            two channels, an Opus sample can contain frames from multiple Opus bitstreams but all Opus packets shall
+            share with the total of frame sizes in a single Opus sample. The way of how to pack an Opus packet from
+            each of Opus bitstreams into a single Opus sample follows Appendix B. in RFC 6716 [2].
+            The endianness has nothing to do with any Opus sample since every Opus packet is processed byte-by-byte.
+            In this specification, 'sample' means 'Opus sample' except for 'padded samples', 'priming samples', 'valid
+            sample' and 'sample-accurate', i.e. 'sample' is 'sample' in the term defined in ISO/IEC 14496-12 [1].
+
+                +-----------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
+                | Opus packet 0 (self-delimiting framing) | Opus packet 1 (undelimited framing) |
+                +-----------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
+                |<---------------------------- the size of Opus sample ------------------------>|
+
+                    Figure 1 - Example structure of an Opus sample containing two Opus bitstreams
+
+        4.3.4 Duration of Opus sample<a name="4.3.4"></a>
+            The duration of Opus sample is given by multiplying the total of frame sizes for a single Opus bitstream
+            expressed in seconds by the value of the timescale field in the Media Header Box.
+            Let's say an Opus sample consists of two Opus bitstreams, where the frame size of one bitstream is 40 milli-
+            seconds and the frame size of another is 60 milliseconds, and the timescale field in the Media Header Box
+            is set to 48000, then the duration of that Opus sample shall be 120 milliseconds since three 40 millisecond
+            frame and two 60 millisecond frames shall be contained because of the maximum duration of Opus packet, 120
+            milliseconds, and 5760 in the timescale indicated in the Media Header Box.
+
+            To indicate the valid samples excluding the padded samples at the end of Opus bitstream, the duration of
+            the last Opus sample of an Opus bitstream is given by multiplying the number of the valid samples by the
+            value produced by dividing the value of the timescale field in the Media Header Box by 48000.
+
+        4.3.5 Sub-sample<a name="4.3.5"></a>
+            The structure of the last Opus packet in an Opus sample is different from the others in the same Opus sample,
+            and the others are invalid Opus packets as an Opus sample because of self-delimiting framing. To avoid
+            complexities, sub-sample is not defined for Opus sample in this specification.
+
+        4.3.6 Random Access<a name="4.3.6"></a>
+            This subclause describes the nature of the random access of Opus sample.
+
+            4.3.6.1 Random Access Point<a name="4.3.6.1"></a>
+                All Opus samples can be independently decoded i.e. every Opus sample is a sync sample. Therefore, the
+                Sync Sample Box shall not be present as long as there are no samples other than Opus samples in the same
+                track. And the sample_is_non_sync_sample field for Opus samples shall be set to 0.
+
+            4.3.6.2 Pre-roll<a name="4.3.6.2"></a>
+                Opus bitstream requires at least 80 millisecond pre-roll after each random access to get correct output.
+                Pre-roll is indicated by the roll_distance field in AudioRollRecoveryEntry. AudioPreRollEntry shall not
+                be used since every Opus sample is a sync sample in Opus bitstream. Note that roll_distance is expressed
+                in sample units in a term of ISO Base Media File Format, and always takes negative values.
+
+                For any track containing Opus bitstreams, at least one Sample Group Description Box and at least one
+                Sample to Group Box within the Sample Table Box shall be present and these have the grouping_type field
+                set to 'roll'. If any Opus sample is contained in a track fragment, the Sample to Group Box with the
+                grouping_type field set to 'roll' shall be present for that track fragment.
+
+                For the requirement of AudioRollRecoveryEntry, the compatible_brands field in the File Type Box shall
+                contain at least one brand which requires support for roll groups.
+<a name="4.4"></a>
+    4.4 Trimming of Actual Duration
+        Due to the priming samples (or the padding at the beginning) derived from the pre-roll for the startup and the
+        padded samples at the end, we need trim from media to get the actual duration. An edit in the Edit List Box can
+        achieve this demand, and the Edit Box and the Edit List Box shall be present.
+
+        For sample-accurate trimming, proper timescale should be set to the timescale field in the Movie Header Box
+        and the Media Header Box inside Track Box(es) for Opus bitstream. The timescale field in the Media Header Box is
+        typically set to 48000. It is recommended that the timescale field in the Movie Header Box be set to the same
+        value of the timescale field in the Media Header Box in order to avoid the rounding problem when specifying
+        duration of edit if the timescales in all of the Media Header Boxes are set to the same value.
+
+        For example, to indicate the actual duration of an Opus bitstream in a track with the timescale fields of both
+        the Movie Header Box and the Media Header Box set to 48000, we would use the following edit:
+            segment_duration = the number of the valid samples
+            media_time = the number of the priming samples
+            media_rate = 1 &lt&lt 16
+
+        The Edit List Box is applied to whole movie including all movie fragments. Therefore, it is impossible to tell
+        the actual duration in the case producing movie fragments on the fly such as live-streaming. In such cases,
+        the duration of the last Opus sample may be helpful by setting zero to the segment_duration field since the
+        value 0 represents implicit duration equal to the sum of the duration of all samples.
+<a name="4.5"></a>
+    4.5 Channel Mapping
+        4.5.1 ISO Base Media native Channel Mapping<a name="4.5.1"></a>
+            ISO Base Media File Format, that is ISO/IEC 14496-12 [1], defines an extension ChannelLayout to the
+            AudioSampleEntry, which conveys information of mapping channels to loudspeaker positions. The ChannelLayout
+            enables to specify the channel layout more flexibly than the predefined layouts of the ChannelMappingFamily.
+
+            To utilize the ChannelLayout for OpusSampleEntry, the ChannelMappingFamily field should be set to 255.
+            Even when the ChannelMappingFamily field is set to another value, the assignment of each output channel to
+            loudspeaker position specified by the ChannelMappingFamily would be changed as specified by the ChannelLayout.
+            The procedure of the assignment is the following.
+
+                1. Decoded channels are mapped to output channels according to the ChannelMappingTable.
+                2. Output channels are mapped to loudspeaker positions according to the ChannelLayout.
+
+            In this way, the parameters of the Opus Specific Box are processed before the ChannelLayout, and the
+            ChannelLayout shall follow the Opus Specific Box.
+
+        4.5.2 Composition on all active tracks (informative)<a name="4.5.2"></a>
+            By the application of alternate_group in the Track Header Box, whole audio channels in all active tracks from
+            non-alternate group and/or different alternate group from each other are composited into the presentation. If
+            an Opus sample consists of multiple Opus bitstreams, it can be splitted into individual Opus bitstreams and
+            reconstructed into new Opus samples as long as every Opus bitstream has the same total duration in each Opus
+            sample. This nature can be utilized to encapsulate a single Opus bitstream in each track without breaking the
+            original channel layout.
+
+            As an example, let's say there is a following track:
+                OutputChannelCount = 6;
+                StreamCount        = 4;
+                CoupledCount       = 2;
+                ChannelMapping     = {0, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5}; // front left, front center, front right,
+                                                         // rear left, rear right, LFE
+            Here, to couple front left to front right channels into the first stream, and couple rear left to rear right
+            channels into the second stream, reordering is needed since coupled streams must precede any non-coupled
+            stream. You extract the four Opus bitstreams from this track and you encapsulate two of the four into a track
+            and the others into another track. The former track is as follows.
+                OutputChannelCount = 6;
+                StreamCount        = 2;
+                CoupledCount       = 2;
+                ChannelMapping     = {0, 255, 1, 2, 3, 255}; // front left, front center, front right,
+                                                             // rear left, rear right, LFE
+            And the latter track is as follows.
+                OutputChannelCount = 6;
+                StreamCount        = 2;
+                CoupledCount       = 0;
+                ChannelMapping     = {255, 0, 255, 255, 255, 1}; // front left, front center, front right,
+                                                                 // rear left, rear right, LFE
+            In addition, the value of the alternate_group field in the both tracks is set to 0. As the result, the player
+            may play as if channels with 255 are not present, and play the presentation constructed from the both tracks
+            in the same channel layout as the one of the original track. Keep in mind that the way of the composition, i.e.
+            the mixing for playback, is not defined here, and maybe different results could occur except for the channel
+            layout of the original, depending on an implementation or the definition of a derived file format.
+
+            Note that some derived file formats may specify the restriction to ignore alternate grouping. In the context
+            of such file formats, this application is not available. This unavailability does not mean incompatibilities
+            among file formats unless the restriction to the value of the alternate_group field is specified and brings
+            about any conflict among their definitions.
+<a name="4.6"></a>
+    4.6 Basic Structure (informative)
+        4.6.1 Initial Movie<a name="4.6.1"></a>
+            This subclause shows a basic structure of the Movie Box as follows:
+
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |moov|    |    |    |    |    |    |    | Movie Box                    |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |mvhd|    |    |    |    |    |    | Movie Header Box             |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |trak|    |    |    |    |    |    | Track Box                    |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |tkhd|    |    |    |    |    | Track Header Box             |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |edts|    |    |    |    |    | Edit Box                     |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |elst|    |    |    |    | Edit List Box                |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |mdia|    |    |    |    |    | Media Box                    |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |mdhd|    |    |    |    | Media Header Box             |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |hdlr|    |    |    |    | Handler Reference Box        |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |minf|    |    |    |    | Media Information Box        |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |smhd|    |    |    | Sound Media Header Box       |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |dinf|    |    |    | Data Information Box         |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |dref|    |    | Data Reference Box           |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |    |url |    | DataEntryUrlBox              |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+ or +----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |    |urn |    | DataEntryUrnBox              |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |stbl|    |    |    | Sample Table                 |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |stsd|    |    | Sample Description Box       |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |    |Opus|    | OpusSampleEntry              |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |dOps| Opus Specific Box            |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |stts|    |    | Decoding Time to Sample Box  |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |stsc|    |    | Sample To Chunk Box          |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |stsz|    |    | Sample Size Box              |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+ or +----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |stz2|    |    | Compact Sample Size Box      |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |stco|    |    | Chunk Offset Box             |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+ or +----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |co64|    |    | Chunk Large Offset Box       |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |sgpd|    |    | Sample Group Description Box |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |    |    |    |sbgp|    |    | Sample to Group Box          |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |mvex|*   |    |    |    |    |    | Movie Extends Box            |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |trex|*   |    |    |    |    | Track Extends Box            |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+
+                    Figure 2 - Basic structure of Movie Box
+
+            It is strongly recommended that the order of boxes should follow the above structure.
+            Boxes marked with an asterisk (*) may be present.
+            For most boxes listed above, the definition is as is defined in ISO/IEC 14496-12 [1]. The additional boxes
+            and the additional requirements, restrictions and recommendations to the other boxes are described in this
+            specification.
+
+        4.6.2 Movie Fragments<a name="4.6.2"></a>
+            This subclause shows a basic structure of the Movie Fragment Box as follows:
+
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |moof|    |    |    |    |    |    |    | Movie Fragment Box           |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |mfhd|    |    |    |    |    |    | Movie Fragment Header Box    |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |traf|    |    |    |    |    |    | Track Fragment Box           |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |tfhd|    |    |    |    |    | Track Fragment Header Box    |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |trun|    |    |    |    |    | Track Fragment Run Box       |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |sgpd|*   |    |    |    |    | Sample Group Description Box |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+            |    |    |sbgp|    |    |    |    |    | Sample to Group Box          |
+            +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+------------------------------+
+
+                    Figure 3 - Basic structure of Movie Fragment Box
+
+            It is strongly recommended that the Movie Fragment Header Box and the Track Fragment Header Box be
+            placed first in their container.
+            Boxes marked with an asterisk (*) may be present.
+            For the boxes listed above, the definition is as is defined in ISO/IEC 14496-12 [1].
+<a name="4.7"></a>
+    4.7 Example of Encapsulation (informative)
+        [File]
+            size = 17757
+            [ftyp: File Type Box]
+                position = 0
+                size = 24
+                major_brand = Opus : Opus audio coding
+                minor_version = 0
+                compatible_brands
+                    brand[0] = Opus : Opus audio coding
+                    brand[1] = iso2 : ISO Base Media file format version 2
+            [moov: Movie Box]
+                position = 24
+                size = 757
+                [mvhd: Movie Header Box]
+                    position = 32
+                    size = 108
+                    version = 0
+                    flags = 0x000000
+                    creation_time = UTC 2014/12/12, 18:41:19
+                    modification_time = UTC 2014/12/12, 18:41:19
+                    timescale = 48000
+                    duration = 33600 (00:00:00.700)
+                    rate = 1.000000
+                    volume = 1.000000
+                    reserved = 0x0000
+                    reserved = 0x00000000
+                    reserved = 0x00000000
+                    transformation matrix
+                        | a, b, u |   | 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000 |
+                        | c, d, v | = | 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000 |
+                        | x, y, w |   | 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000 |
+                    pre_defined = 0x00000000
+                    pre_defined = 0x00000000
+                    pre_defined = 0x00000000
+                    pre_defined = 0x00000000
+                    pre_defined = 0x00000000
+                    pre_defined = 0x00000000
+                    next_track_ID = 2
+                [trak: Track Box]
+                    position = 140
+                    size = 608
+                    [tkhd: Track Header Box]
+                        position = 148
+                        size = 92
+                        version = 0
+                        flags = 0x000007
+                            Track enabled
+                            Track in movie
+                            Track in preview
+                        creation_time = UTC 2014/12/12, 18:41:19
+                        modification_time = UTC 2014/12/12, 18:41:19
+                        track_ID = 1
+                        reserved = 0x00000000
+                        duration = 33600 (00:00:00.700)
+                        reserved = 0x00000000
+                        reserved = 0x00000000
+                        layer = 0
+                        alternate_group = 0
+                        volume = 1.000000
+                        reserved = 0x0000
+                        transformation matrix
+                            | a, b, u |   | 1.000000, 0.000000, 0.000000 |
+                            | c, d, v | = | 0.000000, 1.000000, 0.000000 |
+                            | x, y, w |   | 0.000000, 0.000000, 1.000000 |
+                        width = 0.000000
+                        height = 0.000000
+                    [edts: Edit Box]
+                        position = 240
+                        size = 36
+                        [elst: Edit List Box]
+                            position = 281
+                            size = 28
+                            version = 0
+                            flags = 0x000000
+                            entry_count = 1
+                            entry[0]
+                                segment_duration = 33600
+                                media_time = 312
+                                media_rate = 1.000000
+                    [mdia: Media Box]
+                        position = 276
+                        size = 472
+                        [mdhd: Media Header Box]
+                            position = 284
+                            size = 32
+                            version = 0
+                            flags = 0x000000
+                            creation_time = UTC 2014/12/12, 18:41:19
+                            modification_time = UTC 2014/12/12, 18:41:19
+                            timescale = 48000
+                            duration = 34560 (00:00:00.720)
+                            language = und
+                            pre_defined = 0x0000
+                        [hdlr: Handler Reference Box]
+                            position = 316
+                            size = 51
+                            version = 0
+                            flags = 0x000000
+                            pre_defined = 0x00000000
+                            handler_type = soun
+                            reserved = 0x00000000
+                            reserved = 0x00000000
+                            reserved = 0x00000000
+                            name = Xiph Audio Handler
+                        [minf: Media Information Box]
+                            position = 367
+                            size = 381
+                            [smhd: Sound Media Header Box]
+                                position = 375
+                                size = 16
+                                version = 0
+                                flags = 0x000000
+                                balance = 0.000000
+                                reserved = 0x0000
+                            [dinf: Data Information Box]
+                                position = 391
+                                size = 36
+                                [dref: Data Reference Box]
+                                    position = 399
+                                    size = 28
+                                    version = 0
+                                    flags = 0x000000
+                                    entry_count = 1
+                                    [url : Data Entry Url Box]
+                                        position = 415
+                                        size = 12
+                                        version = 0
+                                        flags = 0x000001
+                                        location = in the same file
+                            [stbl: Sample Table Box]
+                                position = 427
+                                size = 321
+                                [stsd: Sample Description Box]
+                                    position = 435
+                                    size = 79
+                                    version = 0
+                                    flags = 0x000000
+                                    entry_count = 1
+                                    [Opus: Audio Description]
+                                        position = 451
+                                        size = 63
+                                        reserved = 0x000000000000
+                                        data_reference_index = 1
+                                        reserved = 0x0000
+                                        reserved = 0x0000
+                                        reserved = 0x00000000
+                                        channelcount = 6
+                                        samplesize = 16
+                                        pre_defined = 0
+                                        reserved = 0
+                                        samplerate = 48000.000000
+                                        [dOps: Opus Specific Box]
+                                            position = 487
+                                            size = 27
+                                            Version = 0
+                                            OutputChannelCount = 6
+                                            PreSkip = 312
+                                            InputSampleRate = 48000
+                                            OutputGain = 0
+                                            ChannelMappingFamily = 1
+                                            StreamCount = 4
+                                            CoupledCount = 2
+                                            ChannelMapping
+                                                0 -> 0: front left
+                                                1 -> 4: fron center
+                                                2 -> 1: front right
+                                                3 -> 2: side left
+                                                4 -> 3: side right
+                                                5 -> 5: rear center
+                                [stts: Decoding Time to Sample Box]
+                                    position = 514
+                                    size = 24
+                                    version = 0
+                                    flags = 0x000000
+                                    entry_count = 1
+                                    entry[0]
+                                        sample_count = 18
+                                        sample_delta = 1920
+                                [stsc: Sample To Chunk Box]
+                                    position = 538
+                                    size = 40
+                                    version = 0
+                                    flags = 0x000000
+                                    entry_count = 2
+                                    entry[0]
+                                        first_chunk = 1
+                                        samples_per_chunk = 13
+                                        sample_description_index = 1
+                                    entry[1]
+                                        first_chunk = 2
+                                        samples_per_chunk = 5
+                                        sample_description_index = 1
+                                [stsz: Sample Size Box]
+                                    position = 578
+                                    size = 92
+                                    version = 0
+                                    flags = 0x000000
+                                    sample_size = 0 (variable)
+                                    sample_count = 18
+                                    entry_size[0] = 977
+                                    entry_size[1] = 938
+                                    entry_size[2] = 939
+                                    entry_size[3] = 938
+                                    entry_size[4] = 934
+                                    entry_size[5] = 945
+                                    entry_size[6] = 948
+                                    entry_size[7] = 956
+                                    entry_size[8] = 955
+                                    entry_size[9] = 930
+                                    entry_size[10] = 933
+                                    entry_size[11] = 934
+                                    entry_size[12] = 972
+                                    entry_size[13] = 977
+                                    entry_size[14] = 958
+                                    entry_size[15] = 949
+                                    entry_size[16] = 962
+                                    entry_size[17] = 848
+                                [stco: Chunk Offset Box]
+                                    position = 670
+                                    size = 24
+                                    version = 0
+                                    flags = 0x000000
+                                    entry_count = 2
+                                    chunk_offset[0] = 797
+                                    chunk_offset[1] = 13096
+                                [sgpd: Sample Group Description Box]
+                                    position = 694
+                                    size = 26
+                                    version = 1
+                                    flags = 0x000000
+                                    grouping_type = roll
+                                    default_length = 2 (constant)
+                                    entry_count = 1
+                                    roll_distance[0] = -2
+                                [sbgp: Sample to Group Box]
+                                    position = 720
+                                    size = 28
+                                    version = 0
+                                    flags = 0x000000
+                                    grouping_type = roll
+                                    entry_count = 1
+                                    entry[0]
+                                        sample_count = 18
+                                        group_description_index = 1
+            [free: Free Space Box]
+                position = 748
+                size = 8
+            [mdat: Media Data Box]
+                position = 756
+                size = 17001
+<a name="5"></a>
+5 Authors' Address
+    Yusuke Nakamura
+        Email: muken.the.vfrmaniac |at| gmail.com
+        </div>
+    </body>
+</html>