@sayoriqwq/effect-harness 0.0.1

package/repos/effect/packages/ai/openai-compat/src/OpenAiLanguageModel.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1951 @@
+/**
+ * The `OpenAiLanguageModel` module adapts OpenAI-compatible chat completions
+ * providers to Effect AI's `LanguageModel` service. It builds a model service
+ * from a model id, translates prompts, files, tools, structured output schemas,
+ * and provider-specific options into `OpenAiClient` requests, and maps normal
+ * or streaming chat completion results back into Effect AI response content and
+ * metadata.
+ *
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+import * as Context from "effect/Context"
+import * as DateTime from "effect/DateTime"
+import * as Effect from "effect/Effect"
+import * as Encoding from "effect/Encoding"
+import { dual } from "effect/Function"
+import * as Layer from "effect/Layer"
+import * as Option from "effect/Option"
+import * as Predicate from "effect/Predicate"
+import * as Redactable from "effect/Redactable"
+import type * as Schema from "effect/Schema"
+import * as AST from "effect/SchemaAST"
+import * as Stream from "effect/Stream"
+import type { Span } from "effect/Tracer"
+import type { DeepMutable, Simplify } from "effect/Types"
+import * as AiError from "effect/unstable/ai/AiError"
+import * as LanguageModel from "effect/unstable/ai/LanguageModel"
+import * as AiModel from "effect/unstable/ai/Model"
+import { toCodecOpenAI } from "effect/unstable/ai/OpenAiStructuredOutput"
+import type * as Prompt from "effect/unstable/ai/Prompt"
+import type * as Response from "effect/unstable/ai/Response"
+import * as Tool from "effect/unstable/ai/Tool"
+import type * as HttpClientRequest from "effect/unstable/http/HttpClientRequest"
+import type * as HttpClientResponse from "effect/unstable/http/HttpClientResponse"
+import * as InternalUtilities from "./internal/utilities.ts"
+import {
+  type Annotation,
+  type ChatCompletionContentPart,
+  type CreateResponse,
+  type CreateResponse200,
+  type CreateResponse200Sse,
+  type CreateResponseRequestJson,
+  type IncludeEnum,
+  type InputContent,
+  type InputItem,
+  type MessageStatus,
+  OpenAiClient,
+  type ReasoningItem,
+  type SummaryTextContent,
+  type TextResponseFormatConfiguration,
+  type Tool as OpenAiClientTool
+} from "./OpenAiClient.ts"
+import { addGenAIAnnotations } from "./OpenAiTelemetry.ts"
+
+/**
+ * Image detail level for vision requests.
+ */
+type ImageDetail = "auto" | "low" | "high"
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Configuration
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Context service for OpenAI language model configuration.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use as the context service for OpenAI-compatible language model request
+ * configuration, especially when a scoped operation should override the defaults
+ * supplied to `model`, `make`, or `layer`.
+ *
+ * @see {@link withConfigOverride} for scoping language model request overrides
+ *
+ * @category context
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export class Config extends Context.Service<
+  Config,
+  Simplify<
+    & Partial<
+      Omit<
+        CreateResponse,
+        "input" | "tools" | "tool_choice" | "stream" | "text"
+      >
+    >
+    & {
+      /**
+       * File ID prefixes used to identify file IDs in Responses API.
+       * When undefined, all file data is treated as base64 content.
+       *
+       * Examples:
+       * - OpenAI: ['file-'] for IDs like 'file-abc123'
+       * - Azure OpenAI: ['assistant-'] for IDs like 'assistant-abc123'
+       */
+      readonly fileIdPrefixes?: ReadonlyArray<string> | undefined
+      /**
+       * Configuration options for a text response from the model.
+       */
+      readonly text?: {
+        /**
+         * Constrains the verbosity of the model's response. Lower values will
+         * result in more concise responses, while higher values will result in
+         * more verbose responses.
+         *
+         * Defaults to `"medium"`.
+         */
+        readonly verbosity?: "low" | "medium" | "high" | undefined
+      } | undefined
+      /**
+       * Whether to use strict JSON schema validation.
+       *
+       * Defaults to `true`.
+       */
+      readonly strictJsonSchema?: boolean | undefined
+      readonly [x: string]: unknown
+    }
+  >
+>()("@effect/ai-openai-compat/OpenAiLanguageModel/Config") {}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Provider Options / Metadata
+// =============================================================================
+
+declare module "effect/unstable/ai/Prompt" {
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible options for file prompt parts.
+   *
+   * @category request
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface FilePartOptions extends ProviderOptions {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific file options for OpenAI-compatible APIs.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The detail level of the image to be sent to the model. One of `high`, `low`, or `auto`. Defaults to `auto`.
+       */
+      readonly imageDetail?: ImageDetail | null
+    } | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible options for reasoning prompt parts.
+   *
+   * @category request
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface ReasoningPartOptions extends ProviderOptions {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific reasoning options for OpenAI-compatible APIs.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The ID of the item to reference.
+       */
+      readonly itemId?: string | null
+      /**
+       * The encrypted content of the reasoning item - populated when a response
+       * is generated with `reasoning.encrypted_content` in the `include`
+       * parameter.
+       */
+      readonly encryptedContent?: string | null
+    } | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible options for assistant tool-call prompt parts.
+   *
+   * @category request
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface ToolCallPartOptions extends ProviderOptions {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific tool-call options for OpenAI-compatible APIs.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The ID of the item to reference.
+       */
+      readonly itemId?: string | null
+      /**
+       * The status to send for the tool-call item.
+       */
+      readonly status?: MessageStatus | null
+    } | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible options for tool-result prompt parts.
+   *
+   * @category request
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface ToolResultPartOptions extends ProviderOptions {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific tool-result options for OpenAI-compatible APIs.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The ID of the item to reference.
+       */
+      readonly itemId?: string | null
+      /**
+       * The status to send for the tool-result item.
+       */
+      readonly status?: MessageStatus | null
+    } | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible options for text prompt parts.
+   *
+   * @category request
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface TextPartOptions extends ProviderOptions {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific text options for OpenAI-compatible APIs.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The ID of the item to reference.
+       */
+      readonly itemId?: string | null
+      /**
+       * The status to send for the text item.
+       */
+      readonly status?: MessageStatus | null
+      /**
+       * A list of annotations that apply to the output text.
+       */
+      readonly annotations?: ReadonlyArray<Annotation> | null
+    } | null
+  }
+}
+
+declare module "effect/unstable/ai/Response" {
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible metadata attached to a complete text response part.
+   *
+   * @category response
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface TextPartMetadata extends ProviderMetadata {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific metadata returned for the text part.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The OpenAI item ID associated with the text part.
+       */
+      readonly itemId?: string | null
+      /**
+       * If the model emits a refusal content part, the refusal explanation
+       * from the model will be contained in the metadata of an empty text
+       * part.
+       */
+      readonly refusal?: string | null
+      /**
+       * The status returned for the text item.
+       */
+      readonly status?: MessageStatus | null
+      /**
+       * The text content part annotations.
+       */
+      readonly annotations?: ReadonlyArray<Annotation> | null
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible metadata emitted when a streamed text part starts.
+   *
+   * @category response
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface TextStartPartMetadata extends ProviderMetadata {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific metadata returned for the streamed text start.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The OpenAI item ID associated with the streamed text part.
+       */
+      readonly itemId?: string | null
+    } | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible metadata emitted when a streamed text part ends.
+   *
+   * @category response
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface TextEndPartMetadata extends ProviderMetadata {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific metadata returned for the streamed text end.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The OpenAI item ID associated with the streamed text part.
+       */
+      readonly itemId?: string | null
+      /**
+       * The annotations collected for the completed streamed text part.
+       */
+      readonly annotations?: ReadonlyArray<Annotation> | null
+    } | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible metadata attached to a complete reasoning response part.
+   *
+   * @category response
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface ReasoningPartMetadata extends ProviderMetadata {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific metadata returned for the reasoning part.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The OpenAI item ID associated with the reasoning part.
+       */
+      readonly itemId?: string | null
+      /**
+       * Encrypted reasoning content that can be sent back in later requests.
+       */
+      readonly encryptedContent?: string | null
+    } | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible metadata emitted when a streamed reasoning part starts.
+   *
+   * @category response
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface ReasoningStartPartMetadata extends ProviderMetadata {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific metadata returned for the streamed reasoning start.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The OpenAI item ID associated with the reasoning part.
+       */
+      readonly itemId?: string | null
+      /**
+       * Encrypted reasoning content that can be sent back in later requests.
+       */
+      readonly encryptedContent?: string | null
+    } | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible metadata emitted for a streamed reasoning delta.
+   *
+   * @category response
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface ReasoningDeltaPartMetadata extends ProviderMetadata {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific metadata returned for the streamed reasoning delta.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The OpenAI item ID associated with the reasoning part.
+       */
+      readonly itemId?: string | null
+    } | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible metadata emitted when a streamed reasoning part ends.
+   *
+   * @category response
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface ReasoningEndPartMetadata extends ProviderMetadata {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific metadata returned for the streamed reasoning end.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The OpenAI item ID associated with the reasoning part.
+       */
+      readonly itemId?: string | null
+      /**
+       * Encrypted reasoning content that can be sent back in later requests.
+       */
+      readonly encryptedContent?: string
+    } | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible metadata attached to tool-call response parts.
+   *
+   * @category response
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface ToolCallPartMetadata extends ProviderMetadata {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific metadata returned for the tool call.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The OpenAI item ID associated with the tool call.
+       */
+      readonly itemId?: string | null
+    } | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible metadata attached to document source citations.
+   *
+   * @category response
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface DocumentSourcePartMetadata extends ProviderMetadata {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific citation metadata for OpenAI-compatible APIs.
+     */
+    readonly openai?:
+      | {
+        /**
+         * Identifies a citation to an uploaded file.
+         */
+        readonly type: "file_citation"
+        /**
+         * The index of the file in the list of files.
+         */
+        readonly index: number
+        /**
+         * The ID of the file.
+         */
+        readonly fileId: string
+      }
+      | {
+        /**
+         * Identifies a citation to a generated file path.
+         */
+        readonly type: "file_path"
+        /**
+         * The index of the file in the list of files.
+         */
+        readonly index: number
+        /**
+         * The ID of the file.
+         */
+        readonly fileId: string
+      }
+      | {
+        /**
+         * Identifies a citation to a file inside a container.
+         */
+        readonly type: "container_file_citation"
+        /**
+         * The ID of the file.
+         */
+        readonly fileId: string
+        /**
+         * The ID of the container file.
+         */
+        readonly containerId: string
+      }
+      | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible metadata attached to URL source citations.
+   *
+   * @category response
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface UrlSourcePartMetadata extends ProviderMetadata {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific URL citation metadata for OpenAI-compatible APIs.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * Identifies a citation to a URL.
+       */
+      readonly type: "url_citation"
+      /**
+       * The index of the first character of the URL citation in the message.
+       */
+      readonly startIndex: number
+      /**
+       * The index of the last character of the URL citation in the message.
+       */
+      readonly endIndex: number
+    } | null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * OpenAI-compatible metadata attached to finish response parts.
+   *
+   * @category response
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  export interface FinishPartMetadata extends ProviderMetadata {
+    /**
+     * Provider-specific metadata returned when generation finishes.
+     */
+    readonly openai?: {
+      /**
+       * The service tier reported by the OpenAI-compatible provider.
+       */
+      readonly serviceTier?: "default" | "auto" | "flex" | "scale" | "priority" | null
+    } | null
+  }
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Language Model
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Creates an OpenAI-compatible model descriptor that can be provided with `Effect.provide`.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use when you want an OpenAI-compatible language model value that carries
+ * provider and model metadata and can be supplied directly to an Effect program.
+ *
+ * @see {@link layer} for creating a `LanguageModel.LanguageModel` layer directly
+ * @see {@link make} for constructing the language model service effectfully
+ *
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const model = (
+  model: string,
+  config?: Omit<typeof Config.Service, "model">
+): AiModel.Model<"openai", LanguageModel.LanguageModel, OpenAiClient> =>
+  AiModel.make("openai", model, layer({ model, config }))
+
+// TODO
+// /**
+//  * @since 4.0.0
+//  * @category constructors
+//  */
+// export const modelWithTokenizer = (
+//   model: string,
+//   config?: Omit<typeof Config.Service, "model">
+// ): AiModel.Model<"openai", LanguageModel.LanguageModel | Tokenizer.Tokenizer, OpenAiClient> =>
+//   AiModel.make("openai", model, layerWithTokenizer({ model, config }))
+
+/**
+ * Creates an OpenAI-compatible `LanguageModel` service from a model identifier and optional request defaults.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to construct an OpenAI-compatible chat-completions language model service
+ * backed by `OpenAiClient`.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * The returned effect requires `OpenAiClient`. Request defaults from the
+ * `config` option are merged with any `Config` service in the context, with
+ * context values taking precedence. The service supports both `generateText` and
+ * `streamText`.
+ *
+ * @see {@link layer} for providing the service as a `Layer`
+ * @see {@link model} for creating a model descriptor for `AiModel.provide`
+ *
+ * @category constructors
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const make = Effect.fnUntraced(function*({ model, config: providerConfig }: {
+  readonly model: string
+  readonly config?: Omit<typeof Config.Service, "model"> | undefined
+}): Effect.fn.Return<LanguageModel.Service, never, OpenAiClient> {
+  const client = yield* OpenAiClient
+
+  const makeConfig = Effect.gen(function*() {
+    const services = yield* Effect.context<never>()
+    return { model, ...providerConfig, ...services.mapUnsafe.get(Config.key) }
+  })
+
+  const makeRequest = Effect.fnUntraced(
+    function*<Tools extends ReadonlyArray<Tool.Any>>({ config, options, toolNameMapper }: {
+      readonly config: typeof Config.Service
+      readonly options: LanguageModel.ProviderOptions
+      readonly toolNameMapper: Tool.NameMapper<Tools>
+    }): Effect.fn.Return<CreateResponseRequestJson, AiError.AiError> {
+      const include = new Set<IncludeEnum>()
+      const capabilities = getModelCapabilities(config.model!)
+      const messages = yield* prepareMessages({
+        config,
+        options,
+        capabilities,
+        include,
+        toolNameMapper
+      })
+      const { toolChoice, tools } = yield* prepareTools({
+        config,
+        options,
+        toolNameMapper
+      })
+      const responseFormat = yield* prepareResponseFormat({
+        config,
+        options
+      })
+      const { fileIdPrefixes: _fip, strictJsonSchema: _sjs, ...apiConfig } = config
+      const request: CreateResponse = {
+        ...apiConfig,
+        input: messages,
+        include: include.size > 0 ? Array.from(include) : null,
+        text: {
+          verbosity: config.text?.verbosity ?? null,
+          format: responseFormat
+        },
+        ...(tools !== undefined ? { tools } : undefined),
+        ...(toolChoice !== undefined ? { tool_choice: toolChoice } : undefined)
+      }
+      return toChatCompletionsRequest(request)
+    }
+  )
+
+  return yield* LanguageModel.make({
+    codecTransformer: toCodecOpenAI,
+    generateText: Effect.fnUntraced(
+      function*(options) {
+        const config = yield* makeConfig
+        const toolNameMapper = new Tool.NameMapper(options.tools)
+        const request = yield* makeRequest({ config, options, toolNameMapper })
+        annotateRequest(options.span, request)
+        const [rawResponse, response] = yield* client.createResponse(request)
+        annotateResponse(options.span, rawResponse)
+        return yield* makeResponse({
+          rawResponse,
+          response,
+          toolNameMapper
+        })
+      }
+    ),
+    streamText: Effect.fnUntraced(
+      function*(options) {
+        const config = yield* makeConfig
+        const toolNameMapper = new Tool.NameMapper(options.tools)
+        const request = yield* makeRequest({ config, options, toolNameMapper })
+        annotateRequest(options.span, request)
+        const [response, stream] = yield* client.createResponseStream(request)
+        return yield* makeStreamResponse({
+          stream,
+          response,
+          toolNameMapper
+        })
+      },
+      (effect, options) =>
+        effect.pipe(
+          Stream.unwrap,
+          Stream.map((response) => {
+            annotateStreamResponse(options.span, response)
+            return response
+          })
+        )
+    )
+  })
+})
+
+/**
+ * Creates a layer for the OpenAI-compatible language model.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use when composing application layers and you want OpenAI-compatible APIs to
+ * satisfy `LanguageModel.LanguageModel` while supplying `OpenAiClient` from
+ * another layer.
+ *
+ * @see {@link make} for constructing the language model service effectfully
+ * @see {@link model} for creating an AI model descriptor
+ *
+ * @category layers
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const layer = (options: {
+  readonly model: string
+  readonly config?: Omit<typeof Config.Service, "model"> | undefined
+}): Layer.Layer<LanguageModel.LanguageModel, never, OpenAiClient> =>
+  Layer.effect(LanguageModel.LanguageModel, make(options))
+
+/**
+ * Provides scoped config overrides for OpenAI-compatible language model operations.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to override request configuration for a single language model effect
+ * without changing the defaults supplied to `model`, `make`, or `layer`.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * Existing `Config` values from the Effect context are merged with `overrides`,
+ * and the override values take precedence.
+ *
+ * @see {@link Config} for the configuration shape
+ *
+ * @category configuration
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ */
+export const withConfigOverride: {
+  (overrides: typeof Config.Service): <A, E, R>(self: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) => Effect.Effect<A, E, Exclude<R, Config>>
+  <A, E, R>(self: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>, overrides: typeof Config.Service): Effect.Effect<A, E, Exclude<R, Config>>
+} = dual<
+  (
+    overrides: typeof Config.Service
+  ) => <A, E, R>(self: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) => Effect.Effect<A, E, Exclude<R, Config>>,
+  <A, E, R>(self: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>, overrides: typeof Config.Service) => Effect.Effect<A, E, Exclude<R, Config>>
+>(2, (self, overrides) =>
+  Effect.flatMap(
+    Effect.serviceOption(Config),
+    (config) =>
+      Effect.provideService(self, Config, {
+        ...(config._tag === "Some" ? config.value : {}),
+        ...overrides
+      })
+  ))
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Prompt Conversion
+// =============================================================================
+
+const getSystemMessageMode = (model: string): "system" | "developer" =>
+  model.startsWith("o") ||
+    model.startsWith("gpt-5") ||
+    model.startsWith("codex-") ||
+    model.startsWith("computer-use")
+    ? "developer"
+    : "system"
+
+const prepareMessages = Effect.fnUntraced(
+  function*<Tools extends ReadonlyArray<Tool.Any>>({
+    config,
+    options,
+    capabilities,
+    include,
+    toolNameMapper
+  }: {
+    readonly config: typeof Config.Service
+    readonly options: LanguageModel.ProviderOptions
+    readonly include: Set<IncludeEnum>
+    readonly capabilities: ModelCapabilities
+    readonly toolNameMapper: Tool.NameMapper<Tools>
+  }): Effect.fn.Return<ReadonlyArray<InputItem>, AiError.AiError> {
+    const hasConversation = Predicate.isNotNullish(config.conversation)
+
+    // Handle Included Features
+    if (config.top_logprobs !== undefined) {
+      include.add("message.output_text.logprobs")
+    }
+    if (config.store === false && capabilities.isReasoningModel) {
+      include.add("reasoning.encrypted_content")
+    }
+
+    const messages: Array<InputItem> = []
+
+    for (const message of options.prompt.content) {
+      switch (message.role) {
+        case "system": {
+          messages.push({
+            role: getSystemMessageMode(config.model!),
+            content: message.content
+          })
+          break
+        }
+
+        case "user": {
+          const content: Array<InputContent> = []
+
+          for (let index = 0; index < message.content.length; index++) {
+            const part = message.content[index]
+
+            switch (part.type) {
+              case "text": {
+                content.push({ type: "input_text", text: part.text })
+                break
+              }
+
+              case "file": {
+                if (part.mediaType.startsWith("image/")) {
+                  const detail = getImageDetail(part)
+                  const mediaType = part.mediaType === "image/*" ? "image/jpeg" : part.mediaType
+
+                  if (typeof part.data === "string" && isFileId(part.data, config)) {
+                    content.push({ type: "input_image", file_id: part.data, detail })
+                  }
+
+                  if (part.data instanceof URL) {
+                    content.push({ type: "input_image", image_url: part.data.toString(), detail })
+                  }
+
+                  if (part.data instanceof Uint8Array) {
+                    const base64 = Encoding.encodeBase64(part.data)
+                    const imageUrl = `data:${mediaType};base64,${base64}`
+                    content.push({ type: "input_image", image_url: imageUrl, detail })
+                  }
+                } else if (part.mediaType === "application/pdf") {
+                  if (typeof part.data === "string" && isFileId(part.data, config)) {
+                    content.push({ type: "input_file", file_id: part.data })
+                  }
+
+                  if (part.data instanceof URL) {
+                    content.push({ type: "input_file", file_url: part.data.toString() })
+                  }
+
+                  if (part.data instanceof Uint8Array) {
+                    const base64 = Encoding.encodeBase64(part.data)
+                    const fileName = part.fileName ?? `part-${index}.pdf`
+                    const fileData = `data:application/pdf;base64,${base64}`
+                    content.push({ type: "input_file", filename: fileName, file_data: fileData })
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  return yield* AiError.make({
+                    module: "OpenAiLanguageModel",
+                    method: "prepareMessages",
+                    reason: new AiError.InvalidRequestError({
+                      description: `Detected unsupported media type for file: '${part.mediaType}'`
+                    })
+                  })
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          messages.push({ role: "user", content })
+
+          break
+        }
+
+        case "assistant": {
+          const reasoningMessages: Record<string, DeepMutable<ReasoningItem>> = {}
+
+          for (const part of message.content) {
+            switch (part.type) {
+              case "text": {
+                const id = getItemId(part)
+
+                // When in conversation mode, skip items that already exist in the
+                // conversation context to avoid "Duplicate item found" errors
+                if (hasConversation && Predicate.isNotNull(id)) {
+                  break
+                }
+
+                if (config.store === true && Predicate.isNotNull(id)) {
+                  messages.push({ type: "item_reference", id })
+                  break
+                }
+
+                messages.push({
+                  id: id!,
+                  type: "message",
+                  role: "assistant",
+                  status: part.options.openai?.status ?? "completed",
+                  content: [{
+                    type: "output_text",
+                    text: part.text,
+                    annotations: part.options.openai?.annotations ?? [],
+                    logprobs: []
+                  }]
+                })
+
+                break
+              }
+
+              case "reasoning": {
+                const id = getItemId(part)
+                const encryptedContent = getEncryptedContent(part)
+
+                if (hasConversation && Predicate.isNotNull(id)) {
+                  break
+                }
+
+                if (Predicate.isNotNull(id)) {
+                  const message = reasoningMessages[id]
+
+                  if (config.store === true) {
+                    // Use item references to refer to reasoning (single reference)
+                    // when the first part is encountered
+                    if (Predicate.isUndefined(message)) {
+                      messages.push({ type: "item_reference", id })
+
+                      // Store unused reasoning message to mark its id as used
+                      reasoningMessages[id] = {
+                        type: "reasoning",
+                        id,
+                        summary: []
+                      }
+                    }
+                  } else {
+                    const summaryParts: Array<SummaryTextContent> = []
+
+                    if (part.text.length > 0) {
+                      summaryParts.push({ type: "summary_text", text: part.text })
+                    }
+
+                    if (Predicate.isUndefined(message)) {
+                      reasoningMessages[id] = {
+                        type: "reasoning",
+                        id,
+                        summary: summaryParts,
+                        encrypted_content: encryptedContent ?? null
+                      }
+
+                      messages.push(reasoningMessages[id])
+                    } else {
+                      message.summary.push(...summaryParts)
+
+                      // Update encrypted content to enable setting it in the
+                      // last summary part
+                      if (Predicate.isNotNull(encryptedContent)) {
+                        message.encrypted_content = encryptedContent
+                      }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+
+                break
+              }
+
+              case "tool-call": {
+                const id = getItemId(part)
+                const status = getStatus(part)
+
+                if (hasConversation && Predicate.isNotNull(id)) {
+                  break
+                }
+
+                if (config.store && Predicate.isNotNull(id)) {
+                  messages.push({ type: "item_reference", id })
+                  break
+                }
+
+                if (part.providerExecuted) {
+                  break
+                }
+
+                const toolName = toolNameMapper.getProviderName(part.name)
+
+                messages.push({
+                  type: "function_call",
+                  name: toolName,
+                  call_id: part.id,
+                  // @effect-diagnostics-next-line preferSchemaOverJson:off
+                  arguments: JSON.stringify(part.params),
+                  ...(Predicate.isNotNull(id) ? { id } : {}),
+                  ...(Predicate.isNotNull(status) ? { status } : {})
+                })
+
+                break
+              }
+
+              // Assistant tool-result parts are always provider executed
+              case "tool-result": {
+                // Skip execution denied results - these have no corresponding
+                // item in OpenAI's store
+                if (
+                  Predicate.hasProperty(part.result, "type") &&
+                  part.result.type === "execution-denied"
+                ) {
+                  break
+                }
+
+                if (hasConversation) {
+                  break
+                }
+
+                if (config.store === true) {
+                  const id = getItemId(part) ?? part.id
+                  messages.push({ type: "item_reference", id })
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          break
+        }
+
+        case "tool": {
+          for (const part of message.content) {
+            if (part.type === "tool-approval-response") {
+              continue
+            }
+
+            const status = getStatus(part)
+
+            messages.push({
+              type: "function_call_output",
+              call_id: part.id,
+              // @effect-diagnostics-next-line preferSchemaOverJson:off
+              output: typeof part.result === "string" ? part.result : JSON.stringify(part.result),
+              ...(Predicate.isNotNull(status) ? { status } : {})
+            })
+          }
+
+          break
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return messages
+  }
+)
+
+// =============================================================================
+// HTTP Details
+// =============================================================================
+
+const buildHttpRequestDetails = (
+  request: HttpClientRequest.HttpClientRequest
+): typeof Response.HttpRequestDetails.Type => ({
+  method: request.method,
+  url: request.url,
+  urlParams: Array.from(request.urlParams),
+  hash: Option.getOrUndefined(request.hash),
+  headers: Redactable.redact(request.headers) as Record<string, string>
+})
+
+const buildHttpResponseDetails = (
+  response: HttpClientResponse.HttpClientResponse
+): typeof Response.HttpResponseDetails.Type => ({
+  status: response.status,
+  headers: Redactable.redact(response.headers) as Record<string, string>
+})
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Response Conversion
+// =============================================================================
+
+type ResponseStreamEvent = CreateResponse200Sse
+
+type ActiveToolCall = {
+  readonly id: string
+  name: string
+  arguments: string
+}
+
+const makeResponse = Effect.fnUntraced(
+  function*<Tools extends ReadonlyArray<Tool.Any>>({
+    rawResponse,
+    response,
+    toolNameMapper
+  }: {
+    readonly rawResponse: CreateResponse200
+    readonly response: HttpClientResponse.HttpClientResponse
+    readonly toolNameMapper: Tool.NameMapper<Tools>
+  }): Effect.fn.Return<
+    Array<Response.PartEncoded>,
+    AiError.AiError
+  > {
+    let hasToolCalls = false
+    const parts: Array<Response.PartEncoded> = []
+
+    const createdAt = new Date(rawResponse.created * 1000)
+    parts.push({
+      type: "response-metadata",
+      id: rawResponse.id,
+      modelId: rawResponse.model as string,
+      timestamp: DateTime.formatIso(DateTime.fromDateUnsafe(createdAt)),
+      request: buildHttpRequestDetails(response.request)
+    })
+
+    const choice = rawResponse.choices[0]
+    const message = choice?.message
+
+    if (message !== undefined) {
+      const reasoning = message.reasoning ?? message.reasoning_content
+      if (Predicate.isNotNullish(reasoning) && reasoning.length > 0) {
+        parts.push({ type: "reasoning", text: reasoning })
+      }
+
+      if (
+        message.content !== undefined && Predicate.isNotNull(message.content) && message.content.length > 0
+      ) {
+        parts.push({ type: "text", text: message.content })
+      }
+
+      if (message.tool_calls !== undefined) {
+        for (const [index, toolCall] of message.tool_calls.entries()) {
+          const toolId = toolCall.id ?? `${rawResponse.id}_tool_${index}`
+          const toolName = toolNameMapper.getCustomName(toolCall.function?.name ?? "unknown_tool")
+          const toolParams = toolCall.function?.arguments ?? "{}"
+          const params = yield* Effect.try({
+            try: () => Tool.unsafeSecureJsonParse(toolParams),
+            catch: (cause) =>
+              AiError.make({
+                module: "OpenAiLanguageModel",
+                method: "makeResponse",
+                reason: new AiError.ToolParameterValidationError({
+                  toolName,
+                  toolParams: {},
+                  description: `Failed to securely JSON parse tool parameters: ${cause}`
+                })
+              })
+          })
+          hasToolCalls = true
+          parts.push({
+            type: "tool-call",
+            id: toolId,
+            name: toolName,
+            params,
+            metadata: { openai: { ...makeItemIdMetadata(toolCall.id) } }
+          })
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    const finishReason = InternalUtilities.resolveFinishReason(
+      choice?.finish_reason,
+      hasToolCalls
+    )
+    const serviceTier = normalizeServiceTier(rawResponse.service_tier)
+
+    parts.push({
+      type: "finish",
+      reason: finishReason,
+      usage: getUsage(rawResponse.usage),
+      response: buildHttpResponseDetails(response),
+      ...(serviceTier !== undefined && { metadata: { openai: { serviceTier } } })
+    })
+
+    return parts
+  }
+)
+
+const makeStreamResponse = Effect.fnUntraced(
+  function*<Tools extends ReadonlyArray<Tool.Any>>({
+    stream,
+    response,
+    toolNameMapper
+  }: {
+    readonly stream: Stream.Stream<ResponseStreamEvent, AiError.AiError>
+    readonly response: HttpClientResponse.HttpClientResponse
+    readonly toolNameMapper: Tool.NameMapper<Tools>
+  }): Effect.fn.Return<
+    Stream.Stream<Response.StreamPartEncoded, AiError.AiError>,
+    AiError.AiError
+  > {
+    let serviceTier: string | undefined = undefined
+    let usage: CreateResponse200["usage"] = undefined
+    let finishReason: string | null | undefined = undefined
+    let metadataEmitted = false
+    let textStarted = false
+    let textId = ""
+    let reasoningStarted = false
+    let reasoningId = ""
+    let hasToolCalls = false
+    const activeToolCalls: Record<number, ActiveToolCall> = {}
+
+    return stream.pipe(
+      Stream.mapEffect(Effect.fnUntraced(function*(event) {
+        const parts: Array<Response.StreamPartEncoded> = []
+
+        if (event === "[DONE]") {
+          if (reasoningStarted) {
+            parts.push({
+              type: "reasoning-end",
+              id: reasoningId,
+              metadata: { openai: { ...makeItemIdMetadata(reasoningId) } }
+            })
+          }
+
+          if (textStarted) {
+            parts.push({
+              type: "text-end",
+              id: textId,
+              metadata: { openai: { ...makeItemIdMetadata(textId) } }
+            })
+          }
+
+          for (const toolCall of Object.values(activeToolCalls)) {
+            const toolParams = toolCall.arguments.length > 0 ? toolCall.arguments : "{}"
+            const params = yield* Effect.try({
+              try: () => Tool.unsafeSecureJsonParse(toolParams),
+              catch: (cause) =>
+                AiError.make({
+                  module: "OpenAiLanguageModel",
+                  method: "makeStreamResponse",
+                  reason: new AiError.ToolParameterValidationError({
+                    toolName: toolCall.name,
+                    toolParams: {},
+                    description: `Failed to securely JSON parse tool parameters: ${cause}`
+                  })
+                })
+            })
+            parts.push({ type: "tool-params-end", id: toolCall.id })
+            parts.push({
+              type: "tool-call",
+              id: toolCall.id,
+              name: toolCall.name,
+              params,
+              metadata: { openai: { ...makeItemIdMetadata(toolCall.id) } }
+            })
+            hasToolCalls = true
+          }
+
+          const normalizedServiceTier = normalizeServiceTier(serviceTier)
+          parts.push({
+            type: "finish",
+            reason: InternalUtilities.resolveFinishReason(finishReason, hasToolCalls),
+            usage: getUsage(usage),
+            response: buildHttpResponseDetails(response),
+            ...(normalizedServiceTier !== undefined
+              ? { metadata: { openai: { serviceTier: normalizedServiceTier } } }
+              : undefined)
+          })
+          return parts
+        }
+
+        if (event.service_tier !== undefined) {
+          serviceTier = event.service_tier
+        }
+        if (event.usage !== undefined && Predicate.isNotNull(event.usage)) {
+          usage = event.usage
+        }
+
+        if (!metadataEmitted) {
+          metadataEmitted = true
+          textId = `${event.id}_message`
+          reasoningId = `${event.id}_reasoning`
+          parts.push({
+            type: "response-metadata",
+            id: event.id,
+            modelId: event.model,
+            timestamp: DateTime.formatIso(DateTime.fromDateUnsafe(new Date(event.created * 1000))),
+            request: buildHttpRequestDetails(response.request)
+          })
+        }
+
+        const choice = event.choices[0]
+        if (Predicate.isUndefined(choice)) {
+          return parts
+        }
+
+        const reasoningDelta = choice.delta?.reasoning ?? choice.delta?.reasoning_content
+        if (Predicate.isNotNullish(reasoningDelta) && reasoningDelta.length > 0) {
+          if (!reasoningStarted) {
+            reasoningStarted = true
+            parts.push({
+              type: "reasoning-start",
+              id: reasoningId,
+              metadata: { openai: { ...makeItemIdMetadata(reasoningId) } }
+            })
+          }
+          parts.push({ type: "reasoning-delta", id: reasoningId, delta: reasoningDelta })
+        }
+
+        if (choice.delta?.content !== undefined && Predicate.isNotNull(choice.delta.content)) {
+          if (reasoningStarted) {
+            reasoningStarted = false
+            parts.push({
+              type: "reasoning-end",
+              id: reasoningId,
+              metadata: { openai: { ...makeItemIdMetadata(reasoningId) } }
+            })
+          }
+
+          if (!textStarted) {
+            textStarted = true
+            parts.push({
+              type: "text-start",
+              id: textId,
+              metadata: { openai: { ...makeItemIdMetadata(textId) } }
+            })
+          }
+          parts.push({ type: "text-delta", id: textId, delta: choice.delta.content })
+        }
+
+        if (choice.delta?.tool_calls !== undefined) {
+          hasToolCalls = hasToolCalls || choice.delta.tool_calls.length > 0
+          choice.delta.tool_calls.forEach((deltaTool, indexInChunk) => {
+            const toolIndex = deltaTool.index ?? indexInChunk
+            const activeToolCall = activeToolCalls[toolIndex]
+            const toolId = activeToolCall?.id ?? deltaTool.id ?? `${event.id}_tool_${toolIndex}`
+            const providerToolName = deltaTool.function?.name
+            const toolName = Predicate.isNotNullish(providerToolName)
+              ? toolNameMapper.getCustomName(providerToolName)
+              : activeToolCall?.name ?? toolNameMapper.getCustomName("unknown_tool")
+            const argumentsDelta = deltaTool.function?.arguments ?? ""
+
+            if (Predicate.isUndefined(activeToolCall)) {
+              activeToolCalls[toolIndex] = {
+                id: toolId,
+                name: toolName,
+                arguments: argumentsDelta
+              }
+              parts.push({ type: "tool-params-start", id: toolId, name: toolName })
+            } else {
+              activeToolCall.name = toolName
+              activeToolCall.arguments = `${activeToolCall.arguments}${argumentsDelta}`
+            }
+
+            if (argumentsDelta.length > 0) {
+              parts.push({ type: "tool-params-delta", id: toolId, delta: argumentsDelta })
+            }
+          })
+        }
+
+        if (choice.finish_reason !== undefined && Predicate.isNotNull(choice.finish_reason)) {
+          finishReason = choice.finish_reason
+        }
+
+        return parts
+      })),
+      Stream.flattenIterable
+    )
+  }
+)
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Telemetry
+// =============================================================================
+
+const annotateRequest = (
+  span: Span,
+  request: CreateResponseRequestJson
+): void => {
+  addGenAIAnnotations(span, {
+    system: "openai",
+    operation: { name: "chat" },
+    request: {
+      model: request.model as string,
+      temperature: request.temperature as number | undefined,
+      topP: request.top_p as number | undefined,
+      maxTokens: request.max_tokens as number | undefined
+    },
+    openai: {
+      request: {
+        responseFormat: request.response_format?.type,
+        serviceTier: request.service_tier as string | undefined
+      }
+    }
+  })
+}
+
+const annotateResponse = (span: Span, response: CreateResponse200): void => {
+  const finishReason = response.choices[0]?.finish_reason ?? undefined
+  addGenAIAnnotations(span, {
+    response: {
+      id: response.id,
+      model: response.model as string,
+      finishReasons: finishReason !== undefined ? [finishReason] : undefined
+    },
+    usage: {
+      inputTokens: response.usage?.prompt_tokens,
+      outputTokens: response.usage?.completion_tokens
+    },
+    openai: {
+      response: {
+        serviceTier: response.service_tier as string | undefined
+      }
+    }
+  })
+}
+
+const annotateStreamResponse = (span: Span, part: Response.StreamPartEncoded) => {
+  if (part.type === "response-metadata") {
+    addGenAIAnnotations(span, {
+      response: {
+        id: part.id,
+        model: part.modelId
+      }
+    })
+  }
+  if (part.type === "finish") {
+    const serviceTier = (part.metadata as any)?.openai?.serviceTier as string | undefined
+    addGenAIAnnotations(span, {
+      response: {
+        finishReasons: [part.reason]
+      },
+      usage: {
+        inputTokens: part.usage.inputTokens.total,
+        outputTokens: part.usage.outputTokens.total
+      },
+      openai: {
+        response: { serviceTier }
+      }
+    })
+  }
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Tool Conversion
+// =============================================================================
+
+type OpenAiToolChoice = CreateResponse["tool_choice"]
+
+const unsupportedSchemaError = (error: unknown, method: string): AiError.AiError =>
+  AiError.make({
+    module: "OpenAiLanguageModel",
+    method,
+    reason: new AiError.UnsupportedSchemaError({
+      description: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
+    })
+  })
+
+const tryJsonSchema = <S extends Schema.Top>(schema: S, method: string) =>
+  Effect.try({
+    try: () => Tool.getJsonSchemaFromSchema(schema, { transformer: toCodecOpenAI }),
+    catch: (error) => unsupportedSchemaError(error, method)
+  })
+
+const tryToolJsonSchema = <T extends Tool.Any>(tool: T, method: string) =>
+  Effect.try({
+    try: () => Tool.getJsonSchema(tool, { transformer: toCodecOpenAI }),
+    catch: (error) => unsupportedSchemaError(error, method)
+  })
+
+const prepareTools = Effect.fnUntraced(function*<Tools extends ReadonlyArray<Tool.Any>>({
+  config,
+  options,
+  toolNameMapper
+}: {
+  readonly config: typeof Config.Service
+  readonly options: LanguageModel.ProviderOptions
+  readonly toolNameMapper: Tool.NameMapper<Tools>
+}): Effect.fn.Return<{
+  readonly tools: ReadonlyArray<OpenAiClientTool> | undefined
+  readonly toolChoice: OpenAiToolChoice | undefined
+}, AiError.AiError> {
+  // Return immediately if no tools are in the toolkit
+  if (options.tools.length === 0) {
+    return { tools: undefined, toolChoice: undefined }
+  }
+
+  const tools: Array<OpenAiClientTool> = []
+  let toolChoice: OpenAiToolChoice | undefined = undefined
+
+  // Filter the incoming tools down to the set of allowed tools as indicated by
+  // the tool choice. This must be done here given that there is no tool name
+  // in OpenAI's provider-defined tools, so there would be no way to perform
+  // this filter otherwise
+  let allowedTools = options.tools
+  if (typeof options.toolChoice === "object" && "oneOf" in options.toolChoice) {
+    const allowedToolNames = new Set(options.toolChoice.oneOf)
+    allowedTools = options.tools.filter((tool) => allowedToolNames.has(tool.name))
+    toolChoice = options.toolChoice.mode === "required" ? "required" : "auto"
+  }
+
+  // Convert the tools in the toolkit to the provider-defined format
+  for (const tool of allowedTools) {
+    if (Tool.isUserDefined(tool) || Tool.isDynamic(tool)) {
+      const strict = Tool.getStrictMode(tool) ?? config.strictJsonSchema ?? true
+      const parameters = yield* tryToolJsonSchema(tool, "prepareTools")
+      tools.push({
+        type: "function",
+        name: tool.name,
+        description: Tool.getDescription(tool) ?? null,
+        parameters: parameters as { readonly [x: string]: Schema.Json },
+        strict
+      })
+    }
+
+    if (Tool.isProviderDefined(tool)) {
+      tools.push({
+        type: "function",
+        name: tool.providerName,
+        description: Tool.getDescription(tool) ?? null,
+        parameters: Tool.getJsonSchema(tool) as { readonly [x: string]: Schema.Json },
+        strict: config.strictJsonSchema ?? true
+      })
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (options.toolChoice === "auto" || options.toolChoice === "none" || options.toolChoice === "required") {
+    toolChoice = options.toolChoice
+  }
+
+  if (typeof options.toolChoice === "object" && "tool" in options.toolChoice) {
+    const toolName = toolNameMapper.getProviderName(options.toolChoice.tool)
+    const providerNames = toolNameMapper.providerNames
+    if (providerNames.includes(toolName)) {
+      toolChoice = { type: "function", name: toolName }
+    } else {
+      toolChoice = { type: "function", name: options.toolChoice.tool }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return { tools, toolChoice }
+})
+
+const toChatCompletionsRequest = (payload: CreateResponse): CreateResponseRequestJson => {
+  const messages = toChatMessages(payload.input)
+  const responseFormat = toChatResponseFormat(payload.text?.format)
+  const tools = payload.tools !== undefined
+    ? payload.tools.map(toChatTool).filter((tool): tool is NonNullable<ReturnType<typeof toChatTool>> =>
+      tool !== undefined
+    )
+    : []
+  const toolChoice = toChatToolChoice(payload.tool_choice)
+
+  return {
+    ...extractCustomRequestProperties(payload),
+    model: payload.model ?? "",
+    messages: messages.length > 0 ? messages : [{ role: "user", content: "" }],
+    ...(payload.temperature !== undefined ? { temperature: payload.temperature } : undefined),
+    ...(payload.top_p !== undefined ? { top_p: payload.top_p } : undefined),
+    ...(payload.max_output_tokens !== undefined ? { max_tokens: payload.max_output_tokens } : undefined),
+    ...(payload.user !== undefined ? { user: payload.user } : undefined),
+    ...(payload.seed !== undefined ? { seed: payload.seed } : undefined),
+    ...(payload.parallel_tool_calls !== undefined
+      ? { parallel_tool_calls: payload.parallel_tool_calls }
+      : undefined),
+    ...(payload.service_tier !== undefined ? { service_tier: payload.service_tier } : undefined),
+    ...(payload.reasoning !== undefined ? { reasoning: payload.reasoning } : undefined),
+    ...(responseFormat !== undefined ? { response_format: responseFormat } : undefined),
+    ...(tools.length > 0 ? { tools } : undefined),
+    ...(toolChoice !== undefined ? { tool_choice: toolChoice } : undefined)
+  }
+}
+
+const createResponseKnownProperties = new Set<string>([
+  "metadata",
+  "top_logprobs",
+  "temperature",
+  "top_p",
+  "user",
+  "safety_identifier",
+  "prompt_cache_key",
+  "service_tier",
+  "prompt_cache_retention",
+  "previous_response_id",
+  "model",
+  "reasoning",
+  "background",
+  "max_output_tokens",
+  "max_tool_calls",
+  "text",
+  "tools",
+  "tool_choice",
+  "truncation",
+  "input",
+  "include",
+  "parallel_tool_calls",
+  "store",
+  "instructions",
+  "stream",
+  "conversation",
+  "modalities",
+  "seed"
+])
+
+const extractCustomRequestProperties = (payload: CreateResponse): Record<string, unknown> => {
+  const customProperties: Record<string, unknown> = {}
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(payload)) {
+    if (!createResponseKnownProperties.has(key)) {
+      customProperties[key] = value
+    }
+  }
+  return customProperties
+}
+
+const toChatResponseFormat = (
+  format: TextResponseFormatConfiguration | undefined
+): CreateResponseRequestJson["response_format"] | undefined => {
+  if (Predicate.isUndefined(format) || Predicate.isNull(format)) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+
+  switch (format.type) {
+    case "json_object": {
+      return { type: "json_object" }
+    }
+    case "json_schema": {
+      return {
+        type: "json_schema",
+        json_schema: {
+          name: format.name,
+          schema: format.schema,
+          ...(format.description !== undefined ? { description: format.description } : undefined),
+          ...(Predicate.isNotNullish(format.strict) ? { strict: format.strict } : undefined)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    default: {
+      return undefined
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const toChatToolChoice = (
+  toolChoice: OpenAiToolChoice
+): CreateResponseRequestJson["tool_choice"] | undefined => {
+  if (Predicate.isUndefined(toolChoice)) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+
+  if (typeof toolChoice === "string") {
+    return toolChoice
+  }
+
+  if (toolChoice.type === "allowed_tools") {
+    return toolChoice.mode
+  }
+
+  if (toolChoice.type === "function") {
+    return {
+      type: "function",
+      function: {
+        name: toolChoice.name
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const functionName = Predicate.hasProperty(toolChoice, "name") && typeof toolChoice.name === "string"
+    ? toolChoice.name
+    : toolChoice.type
+
+  return {
+    type: "function",
+    function: {
+      name: functionName
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const toChatTool = (
+  tool: OpenAiClientTool
+): NonNullable<CreateResponseRequestJson["tools"]>[number] | undefined => {
+  if (tool.type === "function") {
+    return {
+      type: "function",
+      function: {
+        name: tool.name,
+        ...(tool.description !== undefined ? { description: tool.description } : undefined),
+        ...(Predicate.isNotNullish(tool.parameters) ? { parameters: tool.parameters } : undefined),
+        ...(Predicate.isNotNullish(tool.strict) ? { strict: tool.strict } : undefined)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (tool.type === "custom") {
+    return {
+      type: "function",
+      function: {
+        name: tool.name,
+        parameters: { type: "object", additionalProperties: true }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return undefined
+}
+
+const toChatMessages = (
+  input: CreateResponse["input"]
+): Array<CreateResponseRequestJson["messages"][number]> => {
+  if (Predicate.isUndefined(input)) {
+    return []
+  }
+
+  if (typeof input === "string") {
+    return [{ role: "user", content: input }]
+  }
+
+  const messages: Array<CreateResponseRequestJson["messages"][number]> = []
+
+  for (const item of input) {
+    messages.push(...toChatMessagesFromItem(item))
+  }
+
+  return messages
+}
+
+const toChatMessagesFromItem = (
+  item: InputItem
+): Array<CreateResponseRequestJson["messages"][number]> => {
+  if (Predicate.hasProperty(item, "type") && item.type === "message") {
+    return [{
+      role: item.role,
+      content: toAssistantChatMessageContent(item.content)
+    }]
+  }
+
+  if (Predicate.hasProperty(item, "role")) {
+    return [{
+      role: item.role,
+      content: toChatMessageContent(item.content)
+    }]
+  }
+
+  switch (item.type) {
+    case "function_call": {
+      return [{
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: null,
+        tool_calls: [{
+          id: item.call_id,
+          type: "function",
+          function: {
+            name: item.name,
+            arguments: item.arguments
+          }
+        }]
+      }]
+    }
+
+    case "function_call_output": {
+      return [{
+        role: "tool",
+        tool_call_id: item.call_id,
+        content: stringifyJson(item.output)
+      }]
+    }
+
+    default: {
+      return []
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const toAssistantChatMessageContent = (
+  content: ReadonlyArray<{
+    readonly type: string
+    readonly [x: string]: unknown
+  }>
+): string | null => {
+  let text = ""
+  for (const part of content) {
+    if (part.type === "output_text" && typeof part.text === "string") {
+      text += part.text
+    }
+    if (part.type === "refusal" && typeof part.refusal === "string") {
+      text += part.refusal
+    }
+  }
+  return text.length > 0 ? text : null
+}
+
+const toChatMessageContent = (
+  content: string | ReadonlyArray<InputContent>
+): string | ReadonlyArray<ChatCompletionContentPart> => {
+  if (typeof content === "string") {
+    return content
+  }
+
+  const parts: Array<ChatCompletionContentPart> = []
+
+  for (const part of content) {
+    switch (part.type) {
+      case "input_text": {
+        parts.push({ type: "text", text: part.text })
+        break
+      }
+      case "input_image": {
+        const imageUrl = part.image_url !== undefined
+          ? part.image_url
+          : part.file_id !== undefined
+          ? `openai://file/${part.file_id}`
+          : undefined
+
+        if (imageUrl !== undefined && Predicate.isNotNull(imageUrl)) {
+          parts.push({
+            type: "image_url",
+            image_url: {
+              url: imageUrl,
+              ...(Predicate.isNotNullish(part.detail) ? { detail: part.detail } : undefined)
+            }
+          })
+        }
+        break
+      }
+      case "input_file": {
+        if (part.file_url !== undefined) {
+          parts.push({ type: "text", text: part.file_url })
+        } else if (part.file_data !== undefined) {
+          parts.push({ type: "text", text: part.file_data })
+        } else if (part.file_id !== undefined) {
+          parts.push({ type: "text", text: `openai://file/${part.file_id}` })
+        }
+        break
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (parts.length === 0) {
+    return ""
+  }
+
+  if (parts.every((part) => part.type === "text")) {
+    return parts.map((part) => part.text).join("\n")
+  }
+
+  return parts
+}
+
+const stringifyJson = (value: unknown): string =>
+  typeof value === "string"
+    ? value
+    : JSON.stringify(value)
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Utilities
+// =============================================================================
+
+const isFileId = (data: string, config: typeof Config.Service): boolean =>
+  config.fileIdPrefixes != null && config.fileIdPrefixes.some((prefix) => data.startsWith(prefix))
+
+const getItemId = (
+  part:
+    | Prompt.TextPart
+    | Prompt.ReasoningPart
+    | Prompt.ToolCallPart
+    | Prompt.ToolResultPart
+): string | null => part.options.openai?.itemId ?? null
+const getStatus = (
+  part:
+    | Prompt.TextPart
+    | Prompt.ToolCallPart
+    | Prompt.ToolResultPart
+): MessageStatus | null => part.options.openai?.status ?? null
+const getEncryptedContent = (
+  part: Prompt.ReasoningPart
+): string | null => part.options.openai?.encryptedContent ?? null
+
+const getImageDetail = (part: Prompt.FilePart): ImageDetail => part.options.openai?.imageDetail ?? "auto"
+
+const makeItemIdMetadata = (itemId: string | undefined) => itemId !== undefined ? { itemId } : undefined
+
+const normalizeServiceTier = (
+  serviceTier: string | undefined
+): "default" | "auto" | "flex" | "scale" | "priority" | null | undefined => {
+  switch (serviceTier) {
+    case undefined:
+      return undefined
+    case "default":
+    case "auto":
+    case "flex":
+    case "scale":
+    case "priority":
+      return serviceTier
+    default:
+      return null
+  }
+}
+
+const prepareResponseFormat = Effect.fnUntraced(function*({ config, options }: {
+  readonly config: typeof Config.Service
+  readonly options: LanguageModel.ProviderOptions
+}): Effect.fn.Return<TextResponseFormatConfiguration, AiError.AiError> {
+  if (options.responseFormat.type === "json") {
+    const name = options.responseFormat.objectName
+    const schema = options.responseFormat.schema
+    const jsonSchema = yield* tryJsonSchema(schema, "prepareResponseFormat")
+    return {
+      type: "json_schema",
+      name,
+      description: AST.resolveDescription(schema.ast) ?? "Response with a JSON object",
+      schema: jsonSchema as any,
+      strict: config.strictJsonSchema ?? true
+    }
+  }
+  return { type: "text" }
+})
+
+interface ModelCapabilities {
+  readonly isReasoningModel: boolean
+  readonly systemMessageMode: "remove" | "system" | "developer"
+  readonly supportsFlexProcessing: boolean
+  readonly supportsPriorityProcessing: boolean
+  /**
+   * Allow temperature, topP, logProbs when reasoningEffort is none.
+   */
+  readonly supportsNonReasoningParameters: boolean
+}
+
+const getModelCapabilities = (modelId: string): ModelCapabilities => {
+  const supportsFlexProcessing = modelId.startsWith("o3") ||
+    modelId.startsWith("o4-mini") ||
+    (modelId.startsWith("gpt-5") && !modelId.startsWith("gpt-5-chat"))
+
+  const supportsPriorityProcessing = modelId.startsWith("gpt-4") ||
+    modelId.startsWith("gpt-5-mini") ||
+    (modelId.startsWith("gpt-5") &&
+      !modelId.startsWith("gpt-5-nano") &&
+      !modelId.startsWith("gpt-5-chat")) ||
+    modelId.startsWith("o3") ||
+    modelId.startsWith("o4-mini")
+
+  // Use allowlist approach: only known reasoning models should use 'developer' role
+  // This prevents issues with fine-tuned models, third-party models, and custom models
+  const isReasoningModel = modelId.startsWith("o1") ||
+    modelId.startsWith("o3") ||
+    modelId.startsWith("o4-mini") ||
+    modelId.startsWith("codex-mini") ||
+    modelId.startsWith("computer-use-preview") ||
+    (modelId.startsWith("gpt-5") && !modelId.startsWith("gpt-5-chat"))
+
+  // https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/latest-model#gpt-5-1-parameter-compatibility
+  // GPT-5.1 and GPT-5.2 support temperature, topP, logProbs when reasoningEffort is none
+  const supportsNonReasoningParameters = modelId.startsWith("gpt-5.1") || modelId.startsWith("gpt-5.2")
+
+  const systemMessageMode = isReasoningModel ? "developer" : "system"
+
+  return {
+    supportsFlexProcessing,
+    supportsPriorityProcessing,
+    isReasoningModel,
+    systemMessageMode,
+    supportsNonReasoningParameters
+  }
+}
+
+const getUsage = (usage: CreateResponse200["usage"]): Response.Usage => {
+  if (Predicate.isNullish(usage)) {
+    return {
+      inputTokens: {
+        uncached: undefined,
+        total: undefined,
+        cacheRead: undefined,
+        cacheWrite: undefined
+      },
+      outputTokens: {
+        total: undefined,
+        text: undefined,
+        reasoning: undefined
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const inputTokens = usage.prompt_tokens
+  const outputTokens = usage.completion_tokens
+  const cachedTokens = getUsageDetailNumber(usage.prompt_tokens_details, "cached_tokens") ?? 0
+  const reasoningTokens = getUsageDetailNumber(usage.completion_tokens_details, "reasoning_tokens") ?? 0
+
+  return {
+    inputTokens: {
+      uncached: inputTokens - cachedTokens,
+      total: inputTokens,
+      cacheRead: cachedTokens,
+      cacheWrite: undefined
+    },
+    outputTokens: {
+      total: outputTokens,
+      text: outputTokens - reasoningTokens,
+      reasoning: reasoningTokens
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+const getUsageDetailNumber = (
+  details: unknown,
+  field: string
+): number | undefined => {
+  if (typeof details !== "object" || details === null) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+
+  const value = (details as Record<string, unknown>)[field]
+  return typeof value === "number" ? value : undefined
+}