@rune-kit/rune 2.10.0 → 2.12.0

package/extensions/ecommerce/skills/payment-integration.md

@@ -1,472 +1,472 @@
----
-name: "payment-integration"
-pack: "@rune/ecommerce"
-description: "Payment integration — Stripe Payment Intents, 3D Secure, webhook handling, refunds, idempotency, PCI compliance, multi-currency, fraud detection, Vietnamese payment gateways (SePay, VNPay, MoMo)."
-model: sonnet
-tools: [Read, Edit, Write, Grep, Glob, Bash]
----
-
-# payment-integration
-
-Payment integration — Stripe Payment Intents, 3D Secure, webhook handling, refunds, idempotency, PCI compliance, multi-currency, fraud detection, Vietnamese payment gateways (SePay, VNPay, MoMo).
-
-#### Workflow
-
-**Step 1 — Detect payment setup**
-Use Grep to find `stripe`, `paypal`, `@stripe/stripe-js`, `@stripe/react-stripe-js`, payment-related endpoints. Read checkout handlers and webhook processors to understand: payment flow type (Payment Intents vs Checkout Sessions), webhook events handled, and error recovery.
-
-**Step 2 — Audit payment security**
-Check for:
-- Missing idempotency keys on payment creation (double charges on retry)
-- Webhook signature not verified (`stripe.webhooks.constructEvent` with `req.rawBody` — NOT parsed JSON body)
-- Payment amount calculated client-side (price manipulation risk)
-- No 3D Secure handling (`requires_action` status not handled in frontend)
-- Secret keys in client bundle (check for `sk_live_` or `sk_test_` in frontend code)
-- Missing failed payment recovery flow (no retry or dunning)
-- Webhook processing not idempotent (same event processed twice creates duplicate orders)
-- `req.body` used instead of `req.rawBody` for webhook signature verification (always fails)
-
-**Step 3 — Emit robust payment flow**
-Emit: server-side Payment Intent creation with idempotency, 3D Secure handling loop, comprehensive webhook handler with event deduplication, and refund flow with audit trail.
-
-#### Example
-
-```typescript
-// Stripe Payment Intent — server-side, idempotent, 3DS-ready
-import Stripe from 'stripe';
-const stripe = new Stripe(process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY!);
-
-app.post('/api/checkout', async (req, res) => {
-  const { cartId, paymentMethodId } = req.body;
-  const cart = await cartService.getVerified(cartId); // server-side price calculation
-
-  // Idempotency key derived from CART, not timestamp — prevents double charge on retry
-  const idempotencyKey = `checkout-${cartId}-v${cart.version}`;
-
-  const intent = await stripe.paymentIntents.create({
-    amount: cart.totalInCents, // ALWAYS server-calculated
-    currency: cart.currency,
-    payment_method: paymentMethodId,
-    confirm: true,
-    return_url: `${process.env.APP_URL}/checkout/complete`,
-    metadata: { cartId, userId: req.user.id },
-    idempotencyKey,
-  });
-
-  if (intent.status === 'requires_action') {
-    return res.json({ requiresAction: true, clientSecret: intent.client_secret });
-  }
-  if (intent.status === 'succeeded') {
-    await orderService.create(cart, intent.id);
-    return res.json({ success: true, orderId: intent.metadata.orderId });
-  }
-  res.status(400).json({ error: 'PAYMENT_FAILED' });
-});
-
-// Webhook — MUST use raw body for signature, deduplicate events
-app.post('/api/webhooks/stripe', express.raw({ type: 'application/json' }), async (req, res) => {
-  const sig = req.headers['stripe-signature']!;
-  let event: Stripe.Event;
-
-  try {
-    event = stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(req.body, sig, process.env.STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET!);
-  } catch {
-    return res.status(400).send('Signature verification failed');
-  }
-
-  // Deduplicate: check if event already processed
-  const existing = await db.webhookEvent.findUnique({ where: { stripeEventId: event.id } });
-  if (existing) return res.json({ received: true, duplicate: true });
-
-  // Process within transaction
-  await db.$transaction(async (tx) => {
-    await tx.webhookEvent.create({ data: { stripeEventId: event.id, type: event.type } });
-
-    if (event.type === 'payment_intent.succeeded') {
-      const intent = event.data.object as Stripe.PaymentIntent;
-      await orderService.confirmPayment(tx, intent.metadata.cartId, intent.id);
-    }
-  });
-
-  res.json({ received: true });
-});
-```
-
-#### Multi-Currency & Localization
-
-```typescript
-// Locale-aware price formatting — ALWAYS use Intl, never manual toFixed()
-function formatPrice(amountInCents: number, currency: string, locale: string): string {
-  return new Intl.NumberFormat(locale, {
-    style: 'currency',
-    currency,
-    minimumFractionDigits: 2,
-    maximumFractionDigits: 2,
-  }).format(amountInCents / 100);
-}
-
-// Examples
-formatPrice(1999, 'USD', 'en-US');  // $19.99
-formatPrice(1999, 'EUR', 'de-DE');  // 19,99 €
-formatPrice(1999, 'JPY', 'ja-JP');  // ¥1,999  (JPY has no minor units)
-
-// Currency conversion with FX rate cache
-interface FxRate { from: string; to: string; rate: number; fetchedAt: Date }
-
-class FxService {
-  private cache = new Map<string, FxRate>();
-
-  async convert(amountInCents: number, from: string, to: string): Promise<number> {
-    if (from === to) return amountInCents;
-    const key = `${from}:${to}`;
-    let rate = this.cache.get(key);
-
-    // Refresh if stale (>15 min)
-    if (!rate || Date.now() - rate.fetchedAt.getTime() > 15 * 60 * 1000) {
-      const fresh = await this.fetchRate(from, to);
-      rate = { from, to, rate: fresh, fetchedAt: new Date() };
-      this.cache.set(key, rate);
-    }
-    return Math.round(amountInCents * rate.rate);
-  }
-
-  private async fetchRate(from: string, to: string): Promise<number> {
-    // Use a reliable FX API (e.g., Frankfurter, Open Exchange Rates)
-    const res = await fetch(`https://api.frankfurter.app/latest?from=${from}&to=${to}`);
-    const data = await res.json();
-    return data.rates[to];
-  }
-}
-
-// Locale-aware pricing: show price in user's currency, charge in store's base currency
-interface LocalizedPrice {
-  displayAmount: string;   // "€18.45" — shown to user
-  chargeAmount: number;    // 1999 cents USD — what actually gets charged
-  currency: string;        // 'USD'
-  displayCurrency: string; // 'EUR'
-  exchangeRate: number;
-}
-
-async function getLocalizedPrice(
-  amountInCents: number,
-  storeCurrency: string,
-  userLocale: string,
-  userCurrency: string
-): Promise<LocalizedPrice> {
-  const fx = new FxService();
-  const displayAmountInCents = await fx.convert(amountInCents, storeCurrency, userCurrency);
-  return {
-    displayAmount: formatPrice(displayAmountInCents, userCurrency, userLocale),
-    chargeAmount: amountInCents,      // charge in store base currency
-    currency: storeCurrency,
-    displayCurrency: userCurrency,
-    exchangeRate: displayAmountInCents / amountInCents,
-  };
-}
-```
-
-#### Vietnamese Payment Gateways (SePay, VNPay, MoMo, ZaloPay)
-
-Vietnam market uses QR-based bank transfers and e-wallets instead of card payments. SePay is the simplest (webhook on bank transfer), VNPay is the most widely adopted gateway, MoMo/ZaloPay are e-wallet leaders.
-
-**SePay — QR Bank Transfer (simplest integration)**
-
-```typescript
-// SePay: generate QR code for bank transfer, webhook on payment received
-// Docs: https://my.sepay.vn/docs
-
-interface SePayConfig {
-  apiKey: string;
-  bankAccount: string;  // your receiving bank account
-  bankCode: string;     // e.g., 'MB', 'VCB', 'TCB', 'ACB'
-  webhookSecret: string;
-}
-
-// Generate payment QR — user scans with banking app
-async function createSePayQR(orderId: string, amountVND: number, config: SePayConfig) {
-  // SePay uses structured transfer content for auto-matching
-  const transferContent = `DH${orderId}`;  // prefix for order matching
-
-  return {
-    bankCode: config.bankCode,
-    bankAccount: config.bankAccount,
-    amount: amountVND,
-    content: transferContent,
-    // QR follows VietQR standard (NAPAS)
-    qrUrl: `https://qr.sepay.vn/img?acc=${config.bankAccount}&bank=${config.bankCode}&amount=${amountVND}&des=${transferContent}`,
-  };
-}
-
-// Webhook — SePay calls this when bank transfer is detected
-app.post('/api/webhooks/sepay', async (req, res) => {
-  // Verify webhook signature
-  const signature = req.headers['x-sepay-signature'] as string;
-  const payload = JSON.stringify(req.body);
-  const expected = crypto.createHmac('sha256', process.env.SEPAY_WEBHOOK_SECRET!)
-    .update(payload).digest('hex');
-
-  if (signature !== expected) {
-    return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid signature' });
-  }
-
-  const { transferAmount, transferContent, transactionDate, id } = req.body;
-
-  // Deduplicate
-  const existing = await db.payment.findFirst({ where: { externalId: String(id) } });
-  if (existing) return res.json({ success: true, duplicate: true });
-
-  // Match order by transfer content (DH{orderId})
-  const orderIdMatch = transferContent.match(/DH(\w+)/);
-  if (!orderIdMatch) {
-    console.error('SePay: unmatched transfer', { transferContent, id });
-    return res.json({ success: true, matched: false });
-  }
-
-  await db.$transaction(async (tx) => {
-    await tx.payment.create({
-      data: {
-        orderId: orderIdMatch[1],
-        amount: transferAmount,
-        method: 'BANK_TRANSFER',
-        provider: 'sepay',
-        externalId: String(id),
-        paidAt: new Date(transactionDate),
-      },
-    });
-    await tx.order.update({
-      where: { id: orderIdMatch[1] },
-      data: { status: 'PAID', paidAt: new Date(transactionDate) },
-    });
-  });
-
-  res.json({ success: true });
-});
-```
-
-**VNPay — Vietnam's largest payment gateway**
-
-```typescript
-// VNPay: redirect-based payment with HMAC-SHA512 signature
-// Docs: https://sandbox.vnpayment.vn/apis/docs/huong-dan-tich-hop/
-
-import crypto from 'crypto';
-import qs from 'qs';
-
-interface VNPayConfig {
-  tmnCode: string;      // merchant code
-  hashSecret: string;   // secret key
-  vnpUrl: string;       // 'https://sandbox.vnpayment.vn/paymentv2/vpcpay.html' (sandbox)
-  returnUrl: string;    // your callback URL
-}
-
-function createVNPayUrl(orderId: string, amountVND: number, ipAddr: string, config: VNPayConfig): string {
-  const now = new Date();
-  const createDate = now.toISOString().replace(/[-:T.Z]/g, '').slice(0, 14);
-
-  const params: Record<string, string> = {
-    vnp_Version: '2.1.0',
-    vnp_Command: 'pay',
-    vnp_TmnCode: config.tmnCode,
-    vnp_Locale: 'vn',
-    vnp_CurrCode: 'VND',
-    vnp_TxnRef: orderId,
-    vnp_OrderInfo: `Thanh toan don hang ${orderId}`,
-    vnp_OrderType: 'other',
-    vnp_Amount: String(amountVND * 100),  // VNPay uses smallest unit (x100)
-    vnp_ReturnUrl: config.returnUrl,
-    vnp_IpAddr: ipAddr,
-    vnp_CreateDate: createDate,
-  };
-
-  // Sort params alphabetically — REQUIRED by VNPay
-  const sortedParams = Object.keys(params).sort().reduce((acc, key) => {
-    acc[key] = params[key];
-    return acc;
-  }, {} as Record<string, string>);
-
-  const signData = qs.stringify(sortedParams, { encode: false });
-  const hmac = crypto.createHmac('sha512', config.hashSecret);
-  const signed = hmac.update(Buffer.from(signData, 'utf-8')).digest('hex');
-
-  return `${config.vnpUrl}?${signData}&vnp_SecureHash=${signed}`;
-}
-
-// IPN (Instant Payment Notification) — VNPay server-to-server callback
-app.get('/api/webhooks/vnpay-ipn', async (req, res) => {
-  const vnpParams = { ...req.query } as Record<string, string>;
-  const secureHash = vnpParams.vnp_SecureHash;
-  delete vnpParams.vnp_SecureHash;
-  delete vnpParams.vnp_SecureHashType;
-
-  // Verify hash
-  const sortedParams = Object.keys(vnpParams).sort().reduce((acc, key) => {
-    acc[key] = vnpParams[key];
-    return acc;
-  }, {} as Record<string, string>);
-
-  const signData = qs.stringify(sortedParams, { encode: false });
-  const expectedHash = crypto.createHmac('sha512', process.env.VNPAY_HASH_SECRET!)
-    .update(Buffer.from(signData, 'utf-8')).digest('hex');
-
-  if (secureHash !== expectedHash) {
-    return res.json({ RspCode: '97', Message: 'Invalid signature' });
-  }
-
-  const orderId = vnpParams.vnp_TxnRef;
-  const responseCode = vnpParams.vnp_ResponseCode;
-
-  if (responseCode === '00') {
-    await orderService.confirmPayment(orderId, vnpParams.vnp_TransactionNo);
-    return res.json({ RspCode: '00', Message: 'Confirm Success' });
-  }
-
-  await orderService.failPayment(orderId, responseCode);
-  res.json({ RspCode: '00', Message: 'Confirm Success' });  // always return 00 to VNPay
-});
-```
-
-**MoMo — E-wallet payment**
-
-```typescript
-// MoMo: QR or app-switch payment
-// Docs: https://developers.momo.vn/v3/docs/payment/api/
-
-interface MoMoConfig {
-  partnerCode: string;
-  accessKey: string;
-  secretKey: string;
-  endpoint: string;  // 'https://test-payment.momo.vn/v2/gateway/api/create'
-  redirectUrl: string;
-  ipnUrl: string;
-}
-
-async function createMoMoPayment(orderId: string, amountVND: number, config: MoMoConfig) {
-  const requestId = `${config.partnerCode}-${Date.now()}`;
-  const orderInfo = `Thanh toan don hang ${orderId}`;
-  const extraData = '';  // base64 encoded extra data
-
-  // HMAC SHA256 signature — order of fields matters!
-  const rawSignature = [
-    `accessKey=${config.accessKey}`,
-    `amount=${amountVND}`,
-    `extraData=${extraData}`,
-    `ipnUrl=${config.ipnUrl}`,
-    `orderId=${orderId}`,
-    `orderInfo=${orderInfo}`,
-    `partnerCode=${config.partnerCode}`,
-    `redirectUrl=${config.redirectUrl}`,
-    `requestId=${requestId}`,
-    `requestType=payWithMethod`,
-  ].join('&');
-
-  const signature = crypto.createHmac('sha256', config.secretKey)
-    .update(rawSignature).digest('hex');
-
-  const response = await fetch(config.endpoint, {
-    method: 'POST',
-    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
-    body: JSON.stringify({
-      partnerCode: config.partnerCode,
-      accessKey: config.accessKey,
-      requestId,
-      amount: amountVND,
-      orderId,
-      orderInfo,
-      redirectUrl: config.redirectUrl,
-      ipnUrl: config.ipnUrl,
-      extraData,
-      requestType: 'payWithMethod',
-      signature,
-      lang: 'vi',
-    }),
-  });
-
-  const data = await response.json();
-  return { payUrl: data.payUrl, qrCodeUrl: data.qrCodeUrl, deeplink: data.deeplink };
-}
-```
-
-**Sharp Edges — VN Payment Gotchas:**
-- SePay: transfer content MUST be exact match — users sometimes add extra text → payment not auto-matched. Always show exact content to copy.
-- VNPay: `vnp_Amount` is multiplied by 100 (not cents — VND has no decimals). Common bug: double-multiplying.
-- VNPay: ALWAYS return `RspCode: '00'` to IPN even on failure — otherwise VNPay retries indefinitely.
-- MoMo: signature field order is strict — wrong order = invalid signature. Copy exact order from docs.
-- ZaloPay: similar to MoMo but uses HMAC-SHA256 with different field ordering. Check docs at `https://docs.zalopay.vn/`.
-- All VN gateways: amounts are in VND (integer, no decimals). Never use floating point for VND.
-- Sandbox environments often have rate limits and expire — test with real small amounts (10,000 VND) before go-live.
-
-#### Fraud Detection
-
-```typescript
-// Risk scoring before order fulfilment
-interface FraudSignals {
-  ipAddress: string;
-  userAgent: string;
-  deviceFingerprint: string;
-  email: string;
-  billingCountry: string;
-  shippingCountry: string;
-  orderAmountCents: number;
-  isFirstOrder: boolean;
-}
-
-interface RiskScore {
-  score: number;       // 0–100, higher = riskier
-  action: 'allow' | 'review' | 'block';
-  reasons: string[];
-}
-
-async function scoreFraudRisk(signals: FraudSignals): Promise<RiskScore> {
-  const reasons: string[] = [];
-  let score = 0;
-
-  // Velocity check — same IP, multiple orders in short window
-  const recentOrdersFromIp = await db.order.count({
-    where: { ipAddress: signals.ipAddress, createdAt: { gte: new Date(Date.now() - 3600_000) } },
-  });
-  if (recentOrdersFromIp >= 3) { score += 30; reasons.push('HIGH_VELOCITY_IP'); }
-
-  // Card BIN country mismatch
-  if (signals.billingCountry !== signals.shippingCountry) {
-    score += 15; reasons.push('BILLING_SHIPPING_MISMATCH');
-  }
-
-  // High-value first order — common pattern for stolen cards
-  if (signals.isFirstOrder && signals.orderAmountCents > 50000) {
-    score += 25; reasons.push('HIGH_VALUE_FIRST_ORDER');
-  }
-
-  // Email domain is disposable (temp-mail.org, mailinator.com, etc.)
-  const domain = signals.email.split('@')[1];
-  const isDisposable = await disposableEmailService.check(domain);
-  if (isDisposable) { score += 20; reasons.push('DISPOSABLE_EMAIL'); }
-
-  // Device fingerprint seen with multiple different emails (account farm)
-  const fingerprintEmails = await db.order.findMany({
-    where: { deviceFingerprint: signals.deviceFingerprint },
-    select: { email: true },
-    distinct: ['email'],
-  });
-  if (fingerprintEmails.length > 5) { score += 25; reasons.push('FINGERPRINT_MULTI_ACCOUNT'); }
-
-  const action = score >= 70 ? 'block' : score >= 40 ? 'review' : 'allow';
-  return { score, action, reasons };
-}
-
-// Apply fraud check in checkout flow
-app.post('/api/checkout/confirm', async (req, res) => {
-  const { cartId } = req.body;
-  const signals = extractFraudSignals(req);
-  const risk = await scoreFraudRisk(signals);
-
-  if (risk.action === 'block') {
-    await db.fraudAttempt.create({ data: { ...signals, score: risk.score, reasons: risk.reasons } });
-    return res.status(403).json({ error: 'ORDER_BLOCKED', code: 'FRAUD_RISK' });
-  }
-  if (risk.action === 'review') {
-    // Proceed but flag for manual review after payment
-    await db.order.create({ data: { cartId, fraudScore: risk.score, requiresReview: true } });
-  }
-  // ... normal checkout flow
-});
-```
+---
+name: "payment-integration"
+pack: "@rune/ecommerce"
+description: "Payment integration — Stripe Payment Intents, 3D Secure, webhook handling, refunds, idempotency, PCI compliance, multi-currency, fraud detection, Vietnamese payment gateways (SePay, VNPay, MoMo)."
+model: sonnet
+tools: [Read, Edit, Write, Grep, Glob, Bash]
+---
+
+# payment-integration
+
+Payment integration — Stripe Payment Intents, 3D Secure, webhook handling, refunds, idempotency, PCI compliance, multi-currency, fraud detection, Vietnamese payment gateways (SePay, VNPay, MoMo).
+
+#### Workflow
+
+**Step 1 — Detect payment setup**
+Use Grep to find `stripe`, `paypal`, `@stripe/stripe-js`, `@stripe/react-stripe-js`, payment-related endpoints. Read checkout handlers and webhook processors to understand: payment flow type (Payment Intents vs Checkout Sessions), webhook events handled, and error recovery.
+
+**Step 2 — Audit payment security**
+Check for:
+- Missing idempotency keys on payment creation (double charges on retry)
+- Webhook signature not verified (`stripe.webhooks.constructEvent` with `req.rawBody` — NOT parsed JSON body)
+- Payment amount calculated client-side (price manipulation risk)
+- No 3D Secure handling (`requires_action` status not handled in frontend)
+- Secret keys in client bundle (check for `sk_live_` or `sk_test_` in frontend code)
+- Missing failed payment recovery flow (no retry or dunning)
+- Webhook processing not idempotent (same event processed twice creates duplicate orders)
+- `req.body` used instead of `req.rawBody` for webhook signature verification (always fails)
+
+**Step 3 — Emit robust payment flow**
+Emit: server-side Payment Intent creation with idempotency, 3D Secure handling loop, comprehensive webhook handler with event deduplication, and refund flow with audit trail.
+
+#### Example
+
+```typescript
+// Stripe Payment Intent — server-side, idempotent, 3DS-ready
+import Stripe from 'stripe';
+const stripe = new Stripe(process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY!);
+
+app.post('/api/checkout', async (req, res) => {
+  const { cartId, paymentMethodId } = req.body;
+  const cart = await cartService.getVerified(cartId); // server-side price calculation
+
+  // Idempotency key derived from CART, not timestamp — prevents double charge on retry
+  const idempotencyKey = `checkout-${cartId}-v${cart.version}`;
+
+  const intent = await stripe.paymentIntents.create({
+    amount: cart.totalInCents, // ALWAYS server-calculated
+    currency: cart.currency,
+    payment_method: paymentMethodId,
+    confirm: true,
+    return_url: `${process.env.APP_URL}/checkout/complete`,
+    metadata: { cartId, userId: req.user.id },
+    idempotencyKey,
+  });
+
+  if (intent.status === 'requires_action') {
+    return res.json({ requiresAction: true, clientSecret: intent.client_secret });
+  }
+  if (intent.status === 'succeeded') {
+    await orderService.create(cart, intent.id);
+    return res.json({ success: true, orderId: intent.metadata.orderId });
+  }
+  res.status(400).json({ error: 'PAYMENT_FAILED' });
+});
+
+// Webhook — MUST use raw body for signature, deduplicate events
+app.post('/api/webhooks/stripe', express.raw({ type: 'application/json' }), async (req, res) => {
+  const sig = req.headers['stripe-signature']!;
+  let event: Stripe.Event;
+
+  try {
+    event = stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(req.body, sig, process.env.STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET!);
+  } catch {
+    return res.status(400).send('Signature verification failed');
+  }
+
+  // Deduplicate: check if event already processed
+  const existing = await db.webhookEvent.findUnique({ where: { stripeEventId: event.id } });
+  if (existing) return res.json({ received: true, duplicate: true });
+
+  // Process within transaction
+  await db.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+    await tx.webhookEvent.create({ data: { stripeEventId: event.id, type: event.type } });
+
+    if (event.type === 'payment_intent.succeeded') {
+      const intent = event.data.object as Stripe.PaymentIntent;
+      await orderService.confirmPayment(tx, intent.metadata.cartId, intent.id);
+    }
+  });
+
+  res.json({ received: true });
+});
+```
+
+#### Multi-Currency & Localization
+
+```typescript
+// Locale-aware price formatting — ALWAYS use Intl, never manual toFixed()
+function formatPrice(amountInCents: number, currency: string, locale: string): string {
+  return new Intl.NumberFormat(locale, {
+    style: 'currency',
+    currency,
+    minimumFractionDigits: 2,
+    maximumFractionDigits: 2,
+  }).format(amountInCents / 100);
+}
+
+// Examples
+formatPrice(1999, 'USD', 'en-US');  // $19.99
+formatPrice(1999, 'EUR', 'de-DE');  // 19,99 €
+formatPrice(1999, 'JPY', 'ja-JP');  // ¥1,999  (JPY has no minor units)
+
+// Currency conversion with FX rate cache
+interface FxRate { from: string; to: string; rate: number; fetchedAt: Date }
+
+class FxService {
+  private cache = new Map<string, FxRate>();
+
+  async convert(amountInCents: number, from: string, to: string): Promise<number> {
+    if (from === to) return amountInCents;
+    const key = `${from}:${to}`;
+    let rate = this.cache.get(key);
+
+    // Refresh if stale (>15 min)
+    if (!rate || Date.now() - rate.fetchedAt.getTime() > 15 * 60 * 1000) {
+      const fresh = await this.fetchRate(from, to);
+      rate = { from, to, rate: fresh, fetchedAt: new Date() };
+      this.cache.set(key, rate);
+    }
+    return Math.round(amountInCents * rate.rate);
+  }
+
+  private async fetchRate(from: string, to: string): Promise<number> {
+    // Use a reliable FX API (e.g., Frankfurter, Open Exchange Rates)
+    const res = await fetch(`https://api.frankfurter.app/latest?from=${from}&to=${to}`);
+    const data = await res.json();
+    return data.rates[to];
+  }
+}
+
+// Locale-aware pricing: show price in user's currency, charge in store's base currency
+interface LocalizedPrice {
+  displayAmount: string;   // "€18.45" — shown to user
+  chargeAmount: number;    // 1999 cents USD — what actually gets charged
+  currency: string;        // 'USD'
+  displayCurrency: string; // 'EUR'
+  exchangeRate: number;
+}
+
+async function getLocalizedPrice(
+  amountInCents: number,
+  storeCurrency: string,
+  userLocale: string,
+  userCurrency: string
+): Promise<LocalizedPrice> {
+  const fx = new FxService();
+  const displayAmountInCents = await fx.convert(amountInCents, storeCurrency, userCurrency);
+  return {
+    displayAmount: formatPrice(displayAmountInCents, userCurrency, userLocale),
+    chargeAmount: amountInCents,      // charge in store base currency
+    currency: storeCurrency,
+    displayCurrency: userCurrency,
+    exchangeRate: displayAmountInCents / amountInCents,
+  };
+}
+```
+
+#### Vietnamese Payment Gateways (SePay, VNPay, MoMo, ZaloPay)
+
+Vietnam market uses QR-based bank transfers and e-wallets instead of card payments. SePay is the simplest (webhook on bank transfer), VNPay is the most widely adopted gateway, MoMo/ZaloPay are e-wallet leaders.
+
+**SePay — QR Bank Transfer (simplest integration)**
+
+```typescript
+// SePay: generate QR code for bank transfer, webhook on payment received
+// Docs: https://my.sepay.vn/docs
+
+interface SePayConfig {
+  apiKey: string;
+  bankAccount: string;  // your receiving bank account
+  bankCode: string;     // e.g., 'MB', 'VCB', 'TCB', 'ACB'
+  webhookSecret: string;
+}
+
+// Generate payment QR — user scans with banking app
+async function createSePayQR(orderId: string, amountVND: number, config: SePayConfig) {
+  // SePay uses structured transfer content for auto-matching
+  const transferContent = `DH${orderId}`;  // prefix for order matching
+
+  return {
+    bankCode: config.bankCode,
+    bankAccount: config.bankAccount,
+    amount: amountVND,
+    content: transferContent,
+    // QR follows VietQR standard (NAPAS)
+    qrUrl: `https://qr.sepay.vn/img?acc=${config.bankAccount}&bank=${config.bankCode}&amount=${amountVND}&des=${transferContent}`,
+  };
+}
+
+// Webhook — SePay calls this when bank transfer is detected
+app.post('/api/webhooks/sepay', async (req, res) => {
+  // Verify webhook signature
+  const signature = req.headers['x-sepay-signature'] as string;
+  const payload = JSON.stringify(req.body);
+  const expected = crypto.createHmac('sha256', process.env.SEPAY_WEBHOOK_SECRET!)
+    .update(payload).digest('hex');
+
+  if (signature !== expected) {
+    return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid signature' });
+  }
+
+  const { transferAmount, transferContent, transactionDate, id } = req.body;
+
+  // Deduplicate
+  const existing = await db.payment.findFirst({ where: { externalId: String(id) } });
+  if (existing) return res.json({ success: true, duplicate: true });
+
+  // Match order by transfer content (DH{orderId})
+  const orderIdMatch = transferContent.match(/DH(\w+)/);
+  if (!orderIdMatch) {
+    console.error('SePay: unmatched transfer', { transferContent, id });
+    return res.json({ success: true, matched: false });
+  }
+
+  await db.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+    await tx.payment.create({
+      data: {
+        orderId: orderIdMatch[1],
+        amount: transferAmount,
+        method: 'BANK_TRANSFER',
+        provider: 'sepay',
+        externalId: String(id),
+        paidAt: new Date(transactionDate),
+      },
+    });
+    await tx.order.update({
+      where: { id: orderIdMatch[1] },
+      data: { status: 'PAID', paidAt: new Date(transactionDate) },
+    });
+  });
+
+  res.json({ success: true });
+});
+```
+
+**VNPay — Vietnam's largest payment gateway**
+
+```typescript
+// VNPay: redirect-based payment with HMAC-SHA512 signature
+// Docs: https://sandbox.vnpayment.vn/apis/docs/huong-dan-tich-hop/
+
+import crypto from 'crypto';
+import qs from 'qs';
+
+interface VNPayConfig {
+  tmnCode: string;      // merchant code
+  hashSecret: string;   // secret key
+  vnpUrl: string;       // 'https://sandbox.vnpayment.vn/paymentv2/vpcpay.html' (sandbox)
+  returnUrl: string;    // your callback URL
+}
+
+function createVNPayUrl(orderId: string, amountVND: number, ipAddr: string, config: VNPayConfig): string {
+  const now = new Date();
+  const createDate = now.toISOString().replace(/[-:T.Z]/g, '').slice(0, 14);
+
+  const params: Record<string, string> = {
+    vnp_Version: '2.1.0',
+    vnp_Command: 'pay',
+    vnp_TmnCode: config.tmnCode,
+    vnp_Locale: 'vn',
+    vnp_CurrCode: 'VND',
+    vnp_TxnRef: orderId,
+    vnp_OrderInfo: `Thanh toan don hang ${orderId}`,
+    vnp_OrderType: 'other',
+    vnp_Amount: String(amountVND * 100),  // VNPay uses smallest unit (x100)
+    vnp_ReturnUrl: config.returnUrl,
+    vnp_IpAddr: ipAddr,
+    vnp_CreateDate: createDate,
+  };
+
+  // Sort params alphabetically — REQUIRED by VNPay
+  const sortedParams = Object.keys(params).sort().reduce((acc, key) => {
+    acc[key] = params[key];
+    return acc;
+  }, {} as Record<string, string>);
+
+  const signData = qs.stringify(sortedParams, { encode: false });
+  const hmac = crypto.createHmac('sha512', config.hashSecret);
+  const signed = hmac.update(Buffer.from(signData, 'utf-8')).digest('hex');
+
+  return `${config.vnpUrl}?${signData}&vnp_SecureHash=${signed}`;
+}
+
+// IPN (Instant Payment Notification) — VNPay server-to-server callback
+app.get('/api/webhooks/vnpay-ipn', async (req, res) => {
+  const vnpParams = { ...req.query } as Record<string, string>;
+  const secureHash = vnpParams.vnp_SecureHash;
+  delete vnpParams.vnp_SecureHash;
+  delete vnpParams.vnp_SecureHashType;
+
+  // Verify hash
+  const sortedParams = Object.keys(vnpParams).sort().reduce((acc, key) => {
+    acc[key] = vnpParams[key];
+    return acc;
+  }, {} as Record<string, string>);
+
+  const signData = qs.stringify(sortedParams, { encode: false });
+  const expectedHash = crypto.createHmac('sha512', process.env.VNPAY_HASH_SECRET!)
+    .update(Buffer.from(signData, 'utf-8')).digest('hex');
+
+  if (secureHash !== expectedHash) {
+    return res.json({ RspCode: '97', Message: 'Invalid signature' });
+  }
+
+  const orderId = vnpParams.vnp_TxnRef;
+  const responseCode = vnpParams.vnp_ResponseCode;
+
+  if (responseCode === '00') {
+    await orderService.confirmPayment(orderId, vnpParams.vnp_TransactionNo);
+    return res.json({ RspCode: '00', Message: 'Confirm Success' });
+  }
+
+  await orderService.failPayment(orderId, responseCode);
+  res.json({ RspCode: '00', Message: 'Confirm Success' });  // always return 00 to VNPay
+});
+```
+
+**MoMo — E-wallet payment**
+
+```typescript
+// MoMo: QR or app-switch payment
+// Docs: https://developers.momo.vn/v3/docs/payment/api/
+
+interface MoMoConfig {
+  partnerCode: string;
+  accessKey: string;
+  secretKey: string;
+  endpoint: string;  // 'https://test-payment.momo.vn/v2/gateway/api/create'
+  redirectUrl: string;
+  ipnUrl: string;
+}
+
+async function createMoMoPayment(orderId: string, amountVND: number, config: MoMoConfig) {
+  const requestId = `${config.partnerCode}-${Date.now()}`;
+  const orderInfo = `Thanh toan don hang ${orderId}`;
+  const extraData = '';  // base64 encoded extra data
+
+  // HMAC SHA256 signature — order of fields matters!
+  const rawSignature = [
+    `accessKey=${config.accessKey}`,
+    `amount=${amountVND}`,
+    `extraData=${extraData}`,
+    `ipnUrl=${config.ipnUrl}`,
+    `orderId=${orderId}`,
+    `orderInfo=${orderInfo}`,
+    `partnerCode=${config.partnerCode}`,
+    `redirectUrl=${config.redirectUrl}`,
+    `requestId=${requestId}`,
+    `requestType=payWithMethod`,
+  ].join('&');
+
+  const signature = crypto.createHmac('sha256', config.secretKey)
+    .update(rawSignature).digest('hex');
+
+  const response = await fetch(config.endpoint, {
+    method: 'POST',
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+    body: JSON.stringify({
+      partnerCode: config.partnerCode,
+      accessKey: config.accessKey,
+      requestId,
+      amount: amountVND,
+      orderId,
+      orderInfo,
+      redirectUrl: config.redirectUrl,
+      ipnUrl: config.ipnUrl,
+      extraData,
+      requestType: 'payWithMethod',
+      signature,
+      lang: 'vi',
+    }),
+  });
+
+  const data = await response.json();
+  return { payUrl: data.payUrl, qrCodeUrl: data.qrCodeUrl, deeplink: data.deeplink };
+}
+```
+
+**Sharp Edges — VN Payment Gotchas:**
+- SePay: transfer content MUST be exact match — users sometimes add extra text → payment not auto-matched. Always show exact content to copy.
+- VNPay: `vnp_Amount` is multiplied by 100 (not cents — VND has no decimals). Common bug: double-multiplying.
+- VNPay: ALWAYS return `RspCode: '00'` to IPN even on failure — otherwise VNPay retries indefinitely.
+- MoMo: signature field order is strict — wrong order = invalid signature. Copy exact order from docs.
+- ZaloPay: similar to MoMo but uses HMAC-SHA256 with different field ordering. Check docs at `https://docs.zalopay.vn/`.
+- All VN gateways: amounts are in VND (integer, no decimals). Never use floating point for VND.
+- Sandbox environments often have rate limits and expire — test with real small amounts (10,000 VND) before go-live.
+
+#### Fraud Detection
+
+```typescript
+// Risk scoring before order fulfilment
+interface FraudSignals {
+  ipAddress: string;
+  userAgent: string;
+  deviceFingerprint: string;
+  email: string;
+  billingCountry: string;
+  shippingCountry: string;
+  orderAmountCents: number;
+  isFirstOrder: boolean;
+}
+
+interface RiskScore {
+  score: number;       // 0–100, higher = riskier
+  action: 'allow' | 'review' | 'block';
+  reasons: string[];
+}
+
+async function scoreFraudRisk(signals: FraudSignals): Promise<RiskScore> {
+  const reasons: string[] = [];
+  let score = 0;
+
+  // Velocity check — same IP, multiple orders in short window
+  const recentOrdersFromIp = await db.order.count({
+    where: { ipAddress: signals.ipAddress, createdAt: { gte: new Date(Date.now() - 3600_000) } },
+  });
+  if (recentOrdersFromIp >= 3) { score += 30; reasons.push('HIGH_VELOCITY_IP'); }
+
+  // Card BIN country mismatch
+  if (signals.billingCountry !== signals.shippingCountry) {
+    score += 15; reasons.push('BILLING_SHIPPING_MISMATCH');
+  }
+
+  // High-value first order — common pattern for stolen cards
+  if (signals.isFirstOrder && signals.orderAmountCents > 50000) {
+    score += 25; reasons.push('HIGH_VALUE_FIRST_ORDER');
+  }
+
+  // Email domain is disposable (temp-mail.org, mailinator.com, etc.)
+  const domain = signals.email.split('@')[1];
+  const isDisposable = await disposableEmailService.check(domain);
+  if (isDisposable) { score += 20; reasons.push('DISPOSABLE_EMAIL'); }
+
+  // Device fingerprint seen with multiple different emails (account farm)
+  const fingerprintEmails = await db.order.findMany({
+    where: { deviceFingerprint: signals.deviceFingerprint },
+    select: { email: true },
+    distinct: ['email'],
+  });
+  if (fingerprintEmails.length > 5) { score += 25; reasons.push('FINGERPRINT_MULTI_ACCOUNT'); }
+
+  const action = score >= 70 ? 'block' : score >= 40 ? 'review' : 'allow';
+  return { score, action, reasons };
+}
+
+// Apply fraud check in checkout flow
+app.post('/api/checkout/confirm', async (req, res) => {
+  const { cartId } = req.body;
+  const signals = extractFraudSignals(req);
+  const risk = await scoreFraudRisk(signals);
+
+  if (risk.action === 'block') {
+    await db.fraudAttempt.create({ data: { ...signals, score: risk.score, reasons: risk.reasons } });
+    return res.status(403).json({ error: 'ORDER_BLOCKED', code: 'FRAUD_RISK' });
+  }
+  if (risk.action === 'review') {
+    // Proceed but flag for manual review after payment
+    await db.order.create({ data: { cartId, fraudScore: risk.score, requiresReview: true } });
+  }
+  // ... normal checkout flow
+});
+```