@react-x11/components 0.8.0 → 0.10.0

package/src/internal/markdown/stringify.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
+// AST → markdown: the other half of `./parse.ts`.
+//
+// The rich text editor keeps its document as ProseMirror nodes and saves it
+// as markdown through this AST, so this is the serializer the package did not
+// have — and it is written against the parser beside it rather than against
+// CommonMark in the abstract, because that parser is the first reader every
+// document written here meets. What comes out is *normalized* GFM, not the
+// source a document was parsed from: ATX headings, `-` bullets, `1.`
+// numbering, fenced code, `**`/`*`/`~~`, backslash hard breaks. What is
+// promised is the round trip: `parse(stringify(ast), { partial: false })`
+// gives back `ast` for every AST the parser can produce and every one the
+// editor builds, which test/rich-text-editor-markdown.test.ts holds it to
+// over a generated corpus as well as by example.
+//
+// Nearly all of the work is escaping, and nearly all of the escaping is
+// context: `*` is always syntax, `_` only at the edge of a word, `~` only in
+// pairs, and `#`, `>`, `-`, `1.` only at the start of a line — where a line
+// starts after every hard break, not only at the top of a paragraph.
+import type {
+  BlockNode,
+  CodeBlock,
+  Document,
+  InlineNode,
+  LinkInline,
+  ListBlock,
+  TableBlock,
+} from './ast.js';
+import { parseInline } from './parse.js';
+
+/** Markdown for a document, or for a run of blocks. */
+export function stringify(doc: Document | readonly BlockNode[]): string {
+  const blocks = 'blocks' in doc ? doc.blocks : doc;
+  return blockSequence(blocks, false).join('\n');
+}
+
+// --- blocks ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+interface ListMarker {
+  ordered: boolean;
+  marker: string;
+}
+
+/** A list line with a marker and nothing after it. */
+const EMPTY_ITEM = /^(?:\d{1,9}[.)]|[-+*])(?: \[[ x]\])? *$/;
+
+/**
+ * The lines for a run of sibling blocks, with a blank line between each two.
+ * The exception is a nested list straight after the paragraph of a tight
+ * item — "- a\n  - b" — which is how a tight list stays tight.
+ */
+function blockSequence(
+  blocks: readonly BlockNode[],
+  tightItem: boolean,
+): string[] {
+  const out: string[] = [];
+  let prevList: ListMarker | null = null;
+  for (const block of blocks) {
+    let lines: string[];
+    let list: ListMarker | null = null;
+    if (block.type === 'list') {
+      // Two lists in a row with the same marker are one list to a reader —
+      // a blank line between them only makes it loose — so the second takes
+      // its kind's other marker, which is the break CommonMark recognises.
+      const base = block.ordered ? '.' : '-';
+      const other = block.ordered ? ')' : '*';
+      const marker: string =
+        prevList &&
+        prevList.ordered === block.ordered &&
+        prevList.marker === base
+          ? other
+          : base;
+      list = { ordered: block.ordered, marker };
+      lines = listLines(block, marker);
+    } else {
+      lines = blockLines(block);
+    }
+    // an empty paragraph has no markdown; dropping it is the only honest
+    // spelling of "nothing", and it keeps adjacent lists adjacent
+    if (lines.length === 0) continue;
+    // …and an empty item cannot interrupt a paragraph ("a\n3." is one
+    // paragraph), so a list that opens with one keeps its blank line
+    const interrupts =
+      tightItem && block.type === 'list' && !EMPTY_ITEM.test(lines[0]);
+    if (out.length > 0 && !interrupts) out.push('');
+    out.push(...lines);
+    prevList = list;
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+function blockLines(block: BlockNode): string[] {
+  switch (block.type) {
+    case 'paragraph': {
+      const text = inline(block.children, 'block');
+      return text === '' ? [] : text.split('\n');
+    }
+    case 'heading':
+      return [headingLine(block.depth, block.children)];
+    case 'code':
+      return fenceLines(block);
+    case 'quote':
+      return blockSequence(block.children, false).map((line) =>
+        line === '' ? '>' : `> ${line}`,
+      );
+    case 'list':
+      return listLines(block, block.ordered ? '.' : '-');
+    case 'table':
+      return tableLines(block);
+    case 'rule':
+      return ['---'];
+    case 'component':
+      // The editor never builds one; an AST that has one keeps its content.
+      return blockSequence(block.children, false);
+  }
+}
+
+function headingLine(depth: number, children: readonly InlineNode[]): string {
+  let text = inline(children, 'heading');
+  // `# Title #` loses its closing run to the ATX rule — so a heading that
+  // really ends in a `#` escapes the last one
+  if (/(^|[ \t])#+$/.test(text)) text = `${text.slice(0, -1)}\\#`;
+  const level = Math.max(1, Math.min(6, Math.round(depth)));
+  return '#'.repeat(level) + (text ? ` ${text}` : '');
+}
+
+function fenceLines(block: CodeBlock): string[] {
+  const info = (block.info ?? block.lang).trim();
+  // a backtick fence cannot carry a backtick in its info string
+  const char = info.includes('`') ? '~' : '`';
+  let longest = 0;
+  for (const m of block.text.matchAll(char === '`' ? /`+/g : /~+/g)) {
+    longest = Math.max(longest, m[0].length);
+  }
+  const fence = char.repeat(Math.max(3, longest + 1));
+  const body = block.text === '' ? [] : block.text.split('\n');
+  return [fence + info, ...body, fence];
+}
+
+function listLines(list: ListBlock, marker: string): string[] {
+  const out: string[] = [];
+  list.items.forEach((item, index) => {
+    const bullet = list.ordered ? `${list.start + index}${marker}` : marker;
+    const pad = ' '.repeat(bullet.length + 1);
+    const task = item.checked === null ? '' : item.checked ? '[x] ' : '[ ] ';
+    const body = blockSequence(item.children, list.tight);
+    if (index > 0 && !list.tight) out.push('');
+    if (body.length === 0) {
+      // "- [ ] " keeps the space: a task marker needs one after it
+      out.push(task ? `${bullet} ${task}` : bullet);
+      return;
+    }
+    out.push(`${bullet} ${task}${body[0]}`);
+    for (let i = 1; i < body.length; i++) {
+      out.push(body[i] === '' ? '' : pad + body[i]);
+    }
+  });
+  return out;
+}
+
+function tableLines(table: TableBlock): string[] {
+  const row = (cells: string[]): string =>
+    `| ${cells.map((c) => c || ' ').join(' | ')} |`;
+  const cell = (nodes: readonly InlineNode[]): string => inline(nodes, 'cell');
+  const delimiter = table.align.map((a) =>
+    a === 'left'
+      ? ':---'
+      : a === 'center'
+        ? ':---:'
+        : a === 'right'
+          ? '---:'
+          : '---',
+  );
+  return [
+    row(table.header.map(cell)),
+    row(delimiter),
+    ...table.rows.map((r) => row(r.map(cell))),
+  ];
+}
+
+// --- inline ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Where inline text is going. A paragraph's lines are `'block'`: each starts
+ * a line, so the characters that open a block there are escaped. A heading
+ * and a table cell sit on a line that has already started, so they are not —
+ * but neither can hold a line break, and a cell cannot hold a bare `|`.
+ */
+type InlineMode = 'block' | 'heading' | 'cell';
+
+/**
+ * Inline content as markdown — checked. The rules above cover what prose
+ * does, but the flanking rules have corners no delimiter placement escapes
+ * (bold that ends in punctuation, glued to the word after it, next to
+ * italic that does the same), and a corner is where a document loses text
+ * to literal asterisks. So the output is read back with the parser and
+ * compared, as flat runs of marked text, with what was meant; if they
+ * differ, the same content is written without its emphasis, and failing
+ * that as plain text. Links, code and every character survive either way.
+ */
+function inline(nodes: readonly InlineNode[], mode: InlineMode): string {
+  const meant = expel(nodes);
+  const first = write(meant, mode);
+  if (!checkable(meant) || readsAs(first, meant, mode)) return first;
+  const plainer = expel(stripEmphasis(meant));
+  const second = write(plainer, mode);
+  if (readsAs(second, plainer, mode)) return second;
+  return write(expel(textOnly(meant)), mode);
+}
+
+function write(nodes: readonly InlineNode[], mode: InlineMode): string {
+  const w = new InlineWriter(mode);
+  w.nodes(nodes);
+  return w.finish();
+}
+
+/** Only content the parser can say back — no MDX nodes — is checked. */
+function checkable(nodes: readonly InlineNode[]): boolean {
+  return nodes.every(
+    (n) =>
+      n.type !== 'expression' &&
+      n.type !== 'component' &&
+      (!('children' in n) || checkable(n.children)),
+  );
+}
+
+/** Whether `text`, read back where it will be read, is `meant`. */
+function readsAs(
+  text: string,
+  meant: readonly InlineNode[],
+  mode: InlineMode,
+): boolean {
+  // a row is split on bare pipes before its cells are read, and a cell is
+  // trimmed; the other two modes read their text as it is
+  const source = mode === 'cell' ? text.replace(/\\\|/g, '|').trim() : text;
+  const back = parseInline(source, false);
+  return flatKey(back, mode) === flatKey(meant, mode);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Inline content as flat runs of marked text — what a ProseMirror document
+ * holds, and so what has to survive. Nesting order is not in it (`***x***`
+ * is bold and italic either way round), and neither are the breaks that
+ * trail a paragraph, which markdown cannot hold.
+ */
+function flatKey(nodes: readonly InlineNode[], mode: InlineMode): string {
+  const runs: [string, string][] = [];
+  const push = (marks: string, text: string): void => {
+    const last = runs[runs.length - 1];
+    if (last && last[0] === marks) last[1] += text;
+    else runs.push([marks, text]);
+  };
+  const walk = (list: readonly InlineNode[], marks: string): void => {
+    for (const node of list) {
+      switch (node.type) {
+        case 'text':
+          for (const part of node.text.split(/(\n)/)) {
+            if (part === '\n') push('\n', mode === 'block' ? '\n' : ' ');
+            else if (part) push(marks, part);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 'code':
+          push(`${marks}|code`, node.text.replace(/\n/g, ' '));
+          break;
+        case 'break':
+          if (mode === 'block') push('\n', '\n');
+          else push(marks, ' ');
+          break;
+        case 'link':
+          if (node.image)
+            push(
+              `${marks}|img:${node.href}:${node.title ?? ''}`,
+              plain(node.children) || '',
+            );
+          else if (node.href === null) walk(node.children, marks);
+          else
+            walk(node.children, `${marks}|a:${node.href}:${node.title ?? ''}`);
+          break;
+        case 'strong':
+        case 'em':
+        case 'del':
+          walk(
+            node.children,
+            [...marks.split('|').filter(Boolean), node.type].sort().join('|'),
+          );
+          break;
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+  walk(nodes, '');
+  while (runs.length && runs[runs.length - 1][0] === '\n') runs.pop();
+  return JSON.stringify(runs);
+}
+
+function plain(nodes: readonly InlineNode[]): string {
+  let out = '';
+  for (const node of nodes) {
+    if (node.type === 'text' || node.type === 'code') out += node.text;
+    else if ('children' in node) out += plain(node.children);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+function stripEmphasis(nodes: readonly InlineNode[]): InlineNode[] {
+  const out: InlineNode[] = [];
+  for (const node of nodes) {
+    if (node.type === 'strong' || node.type === 'em' || node.type === 'del') {
+      out.push(...stripEmphasis(node.children));
+    } else if (node.type === 'link') {
+      out.push({ ...node, children: stripEmphasis(node.children) });
+    } else out.push(node);
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+function textOnly(nodes: readonly InlineNode[]): InlineNode[] {
+  const out: InlineNode[] = [];
+  for (const node of nodes) {
+    if (node.type === 'text' || node.type === 'break') out.push(node);
+    else if (node.type === 'code') out.push({ type: 'text', text: node.text });
+    else if ('children' in node) out.push(...textOnly(node.children));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+const WS = /\s/u;
+const WORD = /[\p{L}\p{N}]/u;
+const ENTITY_LIKE =
+  /^&(?:#\d{1,7}|#[xX][0-9a-fA-F]{1,6}|[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]{1,31});/;
+
+class InlineWriter {
+  private out = '';
+  /** The next character starts a line — the top of the text, or just after
+   *  a hard break — which is where block syntax lives. */
+  private lineStart = true;
+
+  constructor(private readonly mode: InlineMode) {}
+
+  finish(): string {
+    let text = this.out;
+    if (this.mode === 'block') {
+      // A hard break has to be followed by something: at the very end of a
+      // paragraph it would read back as a literal backslash, so it goes.
+      text = text.replace(/(\\\n)+$/, '');
+    } else if (/\s$/u.test(text)) {
+      // The ATX rule and a cell's trim both eat trailing whitespace; the last
+      // character of it is spelled as a reference so the text keeps it.
+      const last = text[text.length - 1];
+      text = text.slice(0, -1) + (last === '\t' ? '&#9;' : '&#32;');
+    }
+    return text;
+  }
+
+  /** `after` is the character the output continues with once these nodes
+   *  are written — a closing delimiter, a `]`, or nothing at all. */
+  nodes(nodes: readonly InlineNode[], after?: string): void {
+    for (let i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
+      const node = nodes[i];
+      const next = i + 1 < nodes.length ? leadOf(nodes[i + 1]) : after;
+      switch (node.type) {
+        case 'text':
+          this.text(node.text, next);
+          break;
+        case 'code':
+          this.code(node.text);
+          break;
+        case 'strong':
+          this.wrap('**', node.children, next);
+          break;
+        case 'em': {
+          // Beside another `*` run — italic at the start of bold, at its
+          // end, or right before it — the two delimiters would merge into
+          // one run and be read differently (`***x***` is bold inside
+          // italic), so this one is `_`, where `_` can stand: not against a
+          // word on either side.
+          const besideStar = this.out.endsWith('*') || next === '*';
+          const underscore =
+            besideStar &&
+            !WORD.test(lastChar(this.out) ?? '') &&
+            !WORD.test(next ?? '');
+          this.wrap(underscore ? '_' : '*', node.children, next);
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'del':
+          this.wrap('~~', node.children, next);
+          break;
+        case 'link':
+          this.link(node);
+          break;
+        case 'break':
+          this.hardBreak();
+          break;
+        case 'expression':
+          this.raw(`{${node.src}}`);
+          break;
+        case 'component':
+          this.nodes(node.children);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private raw(text: string): void {
+    this.out += text;
+    if (text) this.lineStart = false;
+  }
+
+  private hardBreak(): void {
+    if (this.mode !== 'block') {
+      // a heading or a cell is one line: the break is a space, spelled the
+      // way any other space at its edge is
+      this.text(' ', undefined);
+      return;
+    }
+    this.out += '\\\n';
+    this.lineStart = true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A delimited run. Whether a delimiter opens or closes depends on the
+   * characters either side of it — CommonMark's flanking rules — so the
+   * content is written first and the placement checked against what
+   * actually surrounds it. Some placements have no spelling at all: `**`
+   * cannot close after punctuation when a letter follows (`**"a"**s`). Then
+   * the text is kept and the emphasis is not, because a word that stops
+   * being bold is a smaller loss than a document that grows literal
+   * asterisks every time it is saved.
+   *
+   * A dropped run is written again rather than unwrapped: what is inside it
+   * was judged against this run's delimiters, which are no longer there, so
+   * an inner run that stood beside them may not stand beside what replaced
+   * them — and a line start it sat after is a line start again.
+   */
+  private wrap(
+    delimiter: string,
+    children: readonly InlineNode[],
+    after: string | undefined,
+  ): void {
+    const start = this.out.length;
+    const wasLineStart = this.lineStart;
+    const before = lastChar(this.out);
+    this.raw(delimiter);
+    const innerStart = this.out.length;
+    this.nodes(children, delimiter[0]);
+    const inner = this.out.slice(innerStart);
+    const ch = delimiter[0];
+    if (
+      inner !== '' &&
+      canOpen(ch, before, firstChar(inner)) &&
+      canClose(ch, lastChar(inner), after)
+    ) {
+      this.raw(delimiter);
+      return;
+    }
+    this.out = this.out.slice(0, start);
+    this.lineStart = wasLineStart;
+    this.nodes(children, after);
+  }
+
+  private code(text: string): void {
+    const flat = text.replace(/\n/g, ' ');
+    let longest = 0;
+    for (const m of flat.matchAll(/`+/g))
+      longest = Math.max(longest, m[0].length);
+    const fence = '`'.repeat(longest + 1);
+    // CommonMark shaves one space off each end when both have one, and a
+    // span that starts or ends in a backtick would merge with its fence
+    const pad =
+      flat.startsWith('`') ||
+      flat.endsWith('`') ||
+      (flat.startsWith(' ') && flat.endsWith(' ') && flat.trim() !== '')
+        ? ' '
+        : '';
+    this.raw(this.cellSafe(fence + pad + flat + pad + fence));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * In a table cell a bare `|` ends the cell — inside a code span or a link
+   * destination too, because a table row is split before its cells' inline
+   * syntax is read, and `\|` is turned back into `|` as it is split.
+   */
+  private cellSafe(raw: string): string {
+    return this.mode === 'cell' ? raw.replace(/\|/g, '\\|') : raw;
+  }
+
+  private link(node: LinkInline): void {
+    if (node.href === null) {
+      this.nodes(node.children); // a link still streaming in has nowhere to go
+      return;
+    }
+    const tail = this.cellSafe(
+      `](${destination(node.href)}${titlePart(node.title)})`,
+    );
+    if (node.image) {
+      this.raw('![');
+      this.nodes(node.children, ']');
+      this.raw(tail);
+      return;
+    }
+    const auto = autolink(node);
+    if (auto !== null) {
+      this.raw(this.cellSafe(auto));
+      return;
+    }
+    this.raw('[');
+    this.nodes(node.children, ']');
+    this.raw(tail);
+  }
+
+  /** `after` is the character the output continues with past this text, so
+   *  a character at the text's edge is judged by its real neighbour and not
+   *  by where one node happened to end. */
+  private text(text: string, after: string | undefined): void {
+    for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
+      const ch = text[i];
+      if (ch === '\n') {
+        this.hardBreak(); // a text node the editor built may carry one
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (this.lineStart) {
+        this.lineStart = false;
+        const lead = this.lineLead(text, i);
+        if (lead !== null) {
+          this.out += lead.text;
+          i += lead.consumed - 1;
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      this.out += this.escape(text, i, after);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The first character of a line, when it would open a block: `# ` a
+   * heading, `>` a quote, `-`/`+`/`=`/`:`/`|`/`~` a list, a setext underline,
+   * a table's delimiter row or a fence, `12.` an ordered list, and leading
+   * whitespace an indented code block (or nothing, after a trim). The last is
+   * spelled as a character reference, which no block rule looks at.
+   */
+  private lineLead(
+    text: string,
+    i: number,
+  ): { text: string; consumed: number } | null {
+    const ch = text[i];
+    if (ch === ' ') return { text: '&#32;', consumed: 1 };
+    if (ch === '\t') return { text: '&#9;', consumed: 1 };
+    if (this.mode !== 'block') return null;
+    if ('#>-+=:|~'.includes(ch)) return { text: `\\${ch}`, consumed: 1 };
+    const ordered = /^(\d{1,9})([.)])/.exec(text.slice(i));
+    if (ordered) {
+      const after = text[i + ordered[0].length];
+      if (after === undefined || WS.test(after)) {
+        return {
+          text: `${ordered[1]}\\${ordered[2]}`,
+          consumed: ordered[0].length,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private escape(text: string, i: number, after: string | undefined): string {
+    const ch = text[i];
+    const prev = i > 0 ? text[i - 1] : lastChar(this.out);
+    const next = i + 1 < text.length ? text[i + 1] : after;
+    switch (ch) {
+      case '\\':
+      case '`':
+      case '*':
+      case '[':
+      case ']':
+        return `\\${ch}`;
+      case '_':
+        // intraword `_` is never emphasis — snake_case needs nothing
+        return WORD.test(prev ?? '') && WORD.test(next ?? '') ? ch : `\\${ch}`;
+      case '~':
+        // strikethrough is `~~` only, so a lone tilde is text — but one
+        // beside another, or beside a strikethrough's own delimiter, is not
+        return prev === '~' || next === '~' ? `\\${ch}` : ch;
+      case '<':
+        return /[A-Za-z/!?]/.test(text[i + 1] ?? '') ? `\\${ch}` : ch;
+      case '&':
+        return ENTITY_LIKE.test(text.slice(i)) ? `\\${ch}` : ch;
+      case '!':
+        // `!` then a link is an image
+        return next === '[' ? `\\${ch}` : ch;
+      case '|':
+        return this.mode === 'cell' ? `\\${ch}` : ch;
+      default:
+        return ch;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// --- flanking -----------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// The parser's own rules (`./parse.ts`, the emphasis scan), asked in advance.
+
+const PUNCT = /[\p{P}\p{S}]/u;
+
+function kind(ch: string | undefined): 'ws' | 'punct' | 'other' {
+  if (ch === undefined || ch === '' || WS.test(ch)) return 'ws';
+  return PUNCT.test(ch) ? 'punct' : 'other';
+}
+
+function flanks(before: string | undefined, after: string | undefined) {
+  const b = kind(before);
+  const a = kind(after);
+  return {
+    b,
+    a,
+    left: a !== 'ws' && (a !== 'punct' || b !== 'other'),
+    right: b !== 'ws' && (b !== 'punct' || a !== 'other'),
+  };
+}
+
+function canOpen(
+  ch: string,
+  before: string | undefined,
+  first: string | undefined,
+): boolean {
+  const f = flanks(before, first);
+  return ch === '_' ? f.left && (!f.right || f.b === 'punct') : f.left;
+}
+
+function canClose(
+  ch: string,
+  last: string | undefined,
+  after: string | undefined,
+): boolean {
+  const f = flanks(last, after);
+  return ch === '_' ? f.right && (!f.left || f.a === 'punct') : f.right;
+}
+
+/** The whole last character of `text` — both halves of a surrogate pair. */
+function lastChar(text: string): string | undefined {
+  if (text === '') return undefined;
+  const unit = text.charCodeAt(text.length - 1);
+  return unit >= 0xdc00 && unit <= 0xdfff && text.length >= 2
+    ? text.slice(-2)
+    : text[text.length - 1];
+}
+
+function firstChar(text: string): string | undefined {
+  const cp = text.codePointAt(0);
+  return cp === undefined ? undefined : String.fromCodePoint(cp);
+}
+
+/** The first character a node writes — all its neighbour's flanking can
+ *  see. Every delimiter and bracket is punctuation, whichever it turns out
+ *  to be. */
+function leadOf(node: InlineNode): string | undefined {
+  switch (node.type) {
+    case 'text':
+      return firstChar(node.text);
+    case 'code':
+      return '`';
+    case 'strong':
+    case 'em':
+      return '*';
+    case 'del':
+      return '~';
+    case 'link':
+      return node.image ? '!' : '[';
+    case 'break':
+      return '\\';
+    case 'expression':
+      return '{';
+    case 'component':
+      return node.children.length ? leadOf(node.children[0]) : undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+/** `<https://…>` for a link whose text is its own target. */
+function autolink(node: LinkInline): string | null {
+  if (node.title || !node.href || node.children.length !== 1) return null;
+  const only = node.children[0];
+  if (only.type !== 'text') return null;
+  const text = only.text;
+  if (
+    text === node.href &&
+    /^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]{1,31}:[^<>\s]*$/.test(text)
+  ) {
+    return `<${text}>`;
+  }
+  if (
+    node.href === `mailto:${text}` &&
+    /^[^<>\s@]+@[^<>\s@]+\.[^<>\s@]+$/.test(text)
+  ) {
+    return `<${text}>`;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/** A link destination: bare with its parentheses escaped, or in `<…>` when
+ *  it has whitespace in it — the one form a space survives in. */
+function destination(href: string): string {
+  if (href === '') return '<>';
+  if (/[\s<>]/.test(href)) {
+    return `<${href.replace(/[\n\r]/g, '').replace(/[<>]/g, (c) => encodeURIComponent(c))}>`;
+  }
+  return href.replace(/[\\()]/g, (c) => `\\${c}`);
+}
+
+/** ` "title"`, in whichever of the three quote styles the title does not
+ *  contain — the parser's title scan has no escapes. */
+function titlePart(title: string | undefined): string {
+  if (!title) return '';
+  if (!title.includes('"')) return ` "${title}"`;
+  if (!title.includes("'")) return ` '${title}'`;
+  if (!title.includes(')')) return ` (${title})`;
+  return ` "${title.replace(/"/g, '&quot;')}"`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Emphasis can open only before non-space and close only after it (the
+ * flanking rules), so `**bold **` is not bold. Whitespace at the edge of a
+ * strong/em/del node moves outside it, and a node that was all whitespace
+ * becomes that whitespace.
+ */
+function expel(nodes: readonly InlineNode[]): InlineNode[] {
+  const out: InlineNode[] = [];
+  for (const node of nodes) {
+    if (node.type === 'strong' || node.type === 'em' || node.type === 'del') {
+      const children = expel(node.children);
+      const lead = takeEdge(children, 'start');
+      const trail = takeEdge(children, 'end');
+      if (lead) out.push({ type: 'text', text: lead });
+      if (children.length > 0) out.push({ type: node.type, children });
+      if (trail) out.push({ type: 'text', text: trail });
+    } else if (node.type === 'link' || node.type === 'component') {
+      out.push({ ...node, children: expel(node.children) });
+    } else {
+      out.push(node);
+    }
+  }
+  return mergeTexts(out);
+}
+
+/** Remove, and return, the whitespace at one end of `nodes` (in place). */
+function takeEdge(nodes: InlineNode[], side: 'start' | 'end'): string {
+  const at = side === 'start' ? 0 : nodes.length - 1;
+  const node = nodes[at];
+  if (!node || node.type !== 'text') return '';
+  const m =
+    side === 'start' ? /^\s+/u.exec(node.text) : /\s+$/u.exec(node.text);
+  if (!m) return '';
+  const rest =
+    side === 'start'
+      ? node.text.slice(m[0].length)
+      : node.text.slice(0, node.text.length - m[0].length);
+  if (rest === '') nodes.splice(at, 1);
+  else nodes[at] = { type: 'text', text: rest };
+  return m[0];
+}
+
+function mergeTexts(nodes: InlineNode[]): InlineNode[] {
+  const out: InlineNode[] = [];
+  for (const node of nodes) {
+    const prev = out[out.length - 1];
+    if (node.type === 'text') {
+      if (node.text === '') continue;
+      if (prev?.type === 'text') {
+        out[out.length - 1] = { type: 'text', text: prev.text + node.text };
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    out.push(node);
+  }
+  return out;
+}