@rangojs/router 0.0.0-experimental.ea6d5eec → 0.0.0-experimental.ea9f40f2

package/src/vite/plugin-types.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,112 @@
+// -- Build-time environment types -------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Context passed to a buildEnv factory function.
+ * Provides Vite config details for conditional env setup.
+ */
+export interface BuildEnvFactoryContext {
+  /** Vite project root directory. */
+  root: string;
+  /** Vite mode (e.g. "development", "production"). */
+  mode: string;
+  /** Vite command ("serve" for dev, "build" for production). */
+  command: "serve" | "build";
+  /** Router deployment preset. */
+  preset: "node" | "cloudflare" | "vercel";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Factory function that creates build-time environment bindings.
+ * Called once at plugin startup. Return `dispose` to clean up resources.
+ */
+export type BuildEnvFactory = (
+  ctx: BuildEnvFactoryContext,
+) => Promise<BuildEnvResult> | BuildEnvResult;
+
+/**
+ * Result of resolving build-time environment bindings.
+ */
+export interface BuildEnvResult {
+  /** Environment bindings available to Prerender/Static handlers via ctx.env. */
+  env: Record<string, unknown>;
+  /** Called after build completes to clean up resources (e.g., miniflare). */
+  dispose?: () => Promise<void> | void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build-time environment configuration for Prerender and Static handlers.
+ *
+ * - `false` (default): no build-time env, `ctx.env` throws.
+ * - `"auto"`: calls `wrangler.getPlatformProxy()` (cloudflare preset only).
+ * - Object: used directly as `ctx.env` during build.
+ * - Factory: called once at startup, must return `{ env, dispose? }`.
+ */
+export type BuildEnvOption =
+  | false
+  | "auto"
+  | Record<string, unknown>
+  | BuildEnvFactory;
+
+// -- Client chunking --------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Metadata for one client ("use client") module, passed to a {@link ClientChunks}
+ * function. Mirrors the shape `@vitejs/plugin-rsc` passes to its own
+ * `clientChunks` option.
+ */
+export interface ClientChunkMeta {
+  /** Absolute module id of the "use client" file. */
+  id: string;
+  /** Normalized (posix) module id — convenient for path-based matching. */
+  normalizedId: string;
+  /**
+   * The RSC/server chunk that statically imports this client reference. This is
+   * the key used for the default grouping when no override is supplied: a single
+   * router that statically imports every route yields ONE `serverChunk`, hence
+   * one client chunk for all routes.
+   */
+  serverChunk: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Controls how client ("use client") components are grouped into browser
+ * chunks, i.e. per-route / per-feature code splitting of the client bundle.
+ *
+ * Without splitting, a single router ships ONE client chunk containing every
+ * route's client components (and their CSS) — navigating to one route downloads
+ * every other route's client code. (Host sub-apps loaded via a dynamic `import()`
+ * are the exception: each forms its own chunk.) This option controls how that
+ * monolith is split.
+ *
+ * Behavior branches:
+ * - `true` / omitted (**default**, pre-1.0): Rango's built-in **directory
+ *   strategy**. It splits app `"use client"` modules by **route id** — the segment
+ *   after a route-root directory (`routes`, `app`, `pages`, `features`, `handlers`,
+ *   …) — so `routes/dashboard/**` becomes `app-dashboard` at any nesting depth.
+ *   Where it finds NO route structure (a flat `src/components/`, or host sub-apps
+ *   already split by a dynamic `import()`), it inherits the default grouping
+ *   unchanged — so the shared `src/components` chunk stays shared and host apps do
+ *   not leak across each other. Shared runtime (React, the router, `node_modules`)
+ *   is never split.
+ * - `false`: opt out — inherit `@vitejs/plugin-rsc`'s default grouping everywhere
+ *   (one chunk per router / per host sub-app).
+ * - function: full override. Return a chunk group name, or `undefined` to fall
+ *   back to the default grouping for that one module. Forwarded directly to
+ *   `@vitejs/plugin-rsc`'s `clientChunks`.
+ *
+ * Every module maps to exactly one group, so there is no byte duplication: a
+ * component used by two routes lives in one group and is fetched whenever it
+ * renders. Put genuinely shared client components OUTSIDE route directories so
+ * they land in the shared group rather than one route's chunk.
+ *
+ * @default true
+ */
+export type ClientChunks =
+  | boolean
+  | ((meta: ClientChunkMeta) => string | undefined);
+
+// -- Plugin options ---------------------------------------------------------
+
 /**
  * Base options shared by all presets
  */
@@ -9,12 +118,52 @@ interface RangoBaseOptions {
   banner?: boolean;
 
   /**
-   * Generate named-routes.gen.ts by parsing url modules at startup.
-   * Provides type-safe Handler<"name"> and href() without executing router code.
-   * Set to `false` to disable (run `npx rango extract-names` manually instead).
+   * Group client ("use client") components into browser chunks for per-route /
+   * per-feature code splitting. On by default (pre-1.0); pass `false` to opt out.
+   * See {@link ClientChunks}.
+   *
    * @default true
    */
-  staticRouteTypesGeneration?: boolean;
+  clientChunks?: ClientChunks;
+
+  /**
+   * Filter which files route discovery scans, by glob. Paths are matched
+   * root-relative (e.g. `src/routes/**`). `include` restricts discovery to
+   * matching files; `exclude` removes matches (the defaults cover tests, dist,
+   * coverage, etc.). Mirrors the CLI's `--include`/`--exclude`.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * rango({ discovery: { include: ["src/routes/**"] } })
+   */
+  discovery?: {
+    include?: string[];
+    exclude?: string[];
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * What to do when a `Prerender` route's or `Static` handler's render throws at
+   * build time. Otherwise the route error boundary catches it and the rendered
+   * error page is baked as the artifact, then served as an HTTP 200 — a silent,
+   * user-visible breakage (issue #587). Independent of this setting, a render may
+   * `throw new Skip()` (from `@rangojs/router`) to skip a single URL/handler.
+   *
+   * - `"fail"` (**default**): fail the build, naming the URL/handler and the
+   *   original render error.
+   * - `"warn"`: log a warning and skip baking the artifact — it is never served as a
+   *   baked 200 error page. `"warn"` is a build-unblock, NOT a runtime contract for
+   *   the skipped entry: the route falls through to normal resolution, which may
+   *   render live (its handler is still bundled — e.g. when nothing else baked) or
+   *   404 (once prerender handler eviction has run for other baked entries), so the
+   *   outcome depends on the rest of the build, and a skipped `Static()` handler's
+   *   evicted code can surface as an error. For DEFINED runtime behavior use
+   *   `Passthrough()` (a live fallback) or `throw new Skip()` (an intentional skip);
+   *   otherwise prefer the default `"fail"`.
+   *
+   * @default "fail"
+   */
+  prerender?: {
+    onError?: "fail" | "warn";
+  };
 }
 
 /**
@@ -25,6 +174,31 @@ export interface RangoNodeOptions extends RangoBaseOptions {
    * Deployment preset. Defaults to 'node' when not specified.
    */
   preset?: "node";
+
+  /**
+   * Path to a host-router entry (a module that calls `createHostRouter()` and
+   * exports the instance) to serve instead of a single `createRouter()` app.
+   * Root-relative (e.g. `"./src/worker.rsc.tsx"`).
+   *
+   * Set this when the app is a multi-app host router: auto-discovery otherwise
+   * finds the sub-apps' multiple `createRouter()` files and cannot pick an entry.
+   * When omitted, rango auto-detects a single `createHostRouter()` file if the
+   * app has several `createRouter()` files. The host module must export the
+   * `HostRouter` instance (default export or a named `hostRouter`/`router`
+   * export), not a Cloudflare-style `{ fetch }` object.
+   */
+  hostRouter?: string;
+
+  /**
+   * Environment bindings available to Prerender and Static handlers at build
+   * time via `ctx.env`. Shared across all prerender invocations for the build.
+   *
+   * `"auto"` is Cloudflare-only (it resolves the wrangler platform proxy), so it
+   * is not accepted on the Node preset — pass an object or a factory instead.
+   *
+   * @default false
+   */
+  buildEnv?: Exclude<BuildEnvOption, "auto">;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -34,15 +208,96 @@ export interface RangoCloudflareOptions extends RangoBaseOptions {
   /**
    * Deployment preset for Cloudflare Workers.
    * When using cloudflare preset:
-   * - @vitejs/plugin-rsc is NOT added (cloudflare plugin adds it)
+   * - @vitejs/plugin-rsc IS still added by rango(), but with `serverHandler: false`
+   *   (the cloudflare plugin owns the RSC worker/server entry); only `client` and
+   *   `ssr` virtual entries are configured, no rsc entry
    * - Your worker entry (e.g., worker.rsc.tsx) imports the router directly
    * - Browser and SSR use virtual entries
    * - Build-time manifest generation is auto-detected from the resolved RSC environment config
    */
   preset: "cloudflare";
+
+  /**
+   * Environment bindings available to Prerender and Static handlers at build
+   * time via `ctx.env`. Shared across all prerender invocations for the build.
+   *
+   * `"auto"` resolves the Cloudflare platform proxy via wrangler
+   * `getPlatformProxy()`.
+   *
+   * @default false
+   */
+  buildEnv?: BuildEnvOption;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Per-function knobs for the Vercel deployment, written into the generated
+ * `.vc-config.json` (and `config.json` for `functionName`).
+ */
+export interface VercelPresetOptions {
+  /** Node runtime for the function. @default "nodejs22.x" */
+  runtime?: string;
+  /** Max execution time in seconds. @default 30 */
+  maxDuration?: number;
+  /** Function memory in MB (platform default when omitted). */
+  memory?: number;
+  /** Regions to pin the function to (platform default when omitted). */
+  regions?: string[];
+  /**
+   * Function name — the `<name>.func` directory and the `config.json` route
+   * destination. @default "index"
+   */
+  functionName?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for Vercel Functions deployment.
+ *
+ * Builds like the node preset (Vercel runs Node Functions, not Workers): rango
+ * owns the RSC entry, `process.env.NODE_ENV` is folded for the build, and after
+ * the build a `.vercel/output` directory (Build Output API v3) is assembled from
+ * `dist/` — a single streaming Node Function plus the static client assets. The
+ * app must install `@vercel/functions` (used by `VercelCacheStore` and the
+ * generated function launcher).
+ */
+export interface RangoVercelOptions extends RangoBaseOptions {
+  /**
+   * Deployment preset for Vercel Functions.
+   */
+  preset: "vercel";
+
+  /**
+   * Path to a host-router entry (a module that calls `createHostRouter()` and
+   * exports the instance) to serve instead of a single `createRouter()` app.
+   * Root-relative (e.g. `"./src/worker.rsc.tsx"`).
+   *
+   * Set this when the app is a multi-app host router: auto-discovery otherwise
+   * finds the sub-apps' multiple `createRouter()` files and cannot pick an entry.
+   * When omitted, rango auto-detects a single `createHostRouter()` file if the
+   * app has several `createRouter()` files. The host module must export the
+   * `HostRouter` instance (default export or a named `hostRouter`/`router`
+   * export), not a Cloudflare-style `{ fetch }` object. The Vercel function then
+   * runs `hostRouter.match()` for every request (single-function deploy).
+   */
+  hostRouter?: string;
+
+  /**
+   * Environment bindings available to Prerender and Static handlers at build
+   * time via `ctx.env`. `"auto"` is Cloudflare-only; pass an object or a factory.
+   *
+   * @default false
+   */
+  buildEnv?: Exclude<BuildEnvOption, "auto">;
+
+  /**
+   * Vercel function configuration written into the Build Output.
+   */
+  vercel?: VercelPresetOptions;
 }
 
 /**
  * Options for rango() Vite plugin
  */
-export type RangoOptions = RangoNodeOptions | RangoCloudflareOptions;
+export type RangoOptions =
+  | RangoNodeOptions
+  | RangoCloudflareOptions
+  | RangoVercelOptions;

package/src/vite/plugins/cjs-to-esm.ts

@@ -1,86 +1,83 @@
 import type { Plugin } from "vite";
+import { createRangoDebugger, NS } from "../debug.js";
+
+const debug = createRangoDebugger(NS.transform);
 
 /**
  * Transform CJS vendor files from @vitejs/plugin-rsc to ESM for browser compatibility.
  * The react-server-dom vendor files are shipped as CJS which doesn't work in browsers.
  */
 export function createCjsToEsmPlugin(): Plugin {
+  // Picked from Vite's resolved mode, not process.env.NODE_ENV, so the dev vs
+  // production vendor variant tracks the build mode the user actually ran.
+  let isProduction = false;
+
   return {
     name: "@rangojs/router:cjs-to-esm",
     enforce: "pre",
+    configResolved(config) {
+      isProduction = config.isProduction;
+    },
     transform(code, id) {
-      const cleanId = id.split("?")[0];
+      const cleanId = id.split("?")[0].replaceAll("\\", "/");
 
-      // Transform the client.browser.js entry point to re-export from CJS
-      if (
-        cleanId.includes("vendor/react-server-dom/client.browser.js") ||
-        cleanId.includes("vendor\\react-server-dom\\client.browser.js")
-      ) {
-        const isProd = process.env.NODE_ENV === "production";
+      if (cleanId.includes("vendor/react-server-dom/client.browser.js")) {
+        const isProd = isProduction;
         const cjsFile = isProd
           ? "./cjs/react-server-dom-webpack-client.browser.production.js"
           : "./cjs/react-server-dom-webpack-client.browser.development.js";
 
+        debug?.("cjs-to-esm entry redirect %s", id);
         return {
           code: `export * from "${cjsFile}";`,
           map: null,
         };
       }
 
-      // Transform the actual CJS files to ESM
       if (
-        (cleanId.includes("vendor/react-server-dom/cjs/") ||
-          cleanId.includes("vendor\\react-server-dom\\cjs\\")) &&
+        cleanId.includes("vendor/react-server-dom/cjs/") &&
         cleanId.includes("client.browser")
       ) {
         let transformed = code;
 
-        // Extract the license comment to preserve it
         const licenseMatch = transformed.match(/^\/\*\*[\s\S]*?\*\//);
         const license = licenseMatch ? licenseMatch[0] : "";
         if (license) {
           transformed = transformed.slice(license.length);
         }
 
-        // Remove "use strict" (both dev and prod have this)
         transformed = transformed.replace(/^\s*["']use strict["'];\s*/, "");
 
-        // Remove the conditional IIFE wrapper (development only)
         transformed = transformed.replace(
           /^\s*["']production["']\s*!==\s*process\.env\.NODE_ENV\s*&&\s*\(function\s*\(\)\s*\{/,
           "",
         );
 
-        // Remove the closing of the conditional IIFE at the end (development only)
         transformed = transformed.replace(/\}\)\(\);?\s*$/, "");
 
-        // Replace require('react') and require('react-dom') with imports (development)
         transformed = transformed.replace(
           /var\s+React\s*=\s*require\s*\(\s*["']react["']\s*\)\s*,[\s\n]+ReactDOM\s*=\s*require\s*\(\s*["']react-dom["']\s*\)\s*,/g,
           'import React from "react";\nimport ReactDOM from "react-dom";\nvar ',
         );
 
-        // Replace require('react-dom') only (production - doesn't import React)
         transformed = transformed.replace(
           /var\s+ReactDOM\s*=\s*require\s*\(\s*["']react-dom["']\s*\)\s*,/g,
           'import ReactDOM from "react-dom";\nvar ',
         );
 
-        // Transform exports.xyz = function() to export function xyz()
         transformed = transformed.replace(
           /exports\.(\w+)\s*=\s*function\s*\(/g,
           "export function $1(",
         );
 
-        // Transform exports.xyz = value to export const xyz = value
         transformed = transformed.replace(
           /exports\.(\w+)\s*=/g,
           "export const $1 =",
         );
 
-        // Reconstruct with license at the top
         transformed = license + "\n" + transformed;
 
+        debug?.("cjs-to-esm body rewrite %s", id);
         return {
           code: transformed,
           map: null,

package/src/vite/plugins/client-ref-dedup.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 import type { Plugin, ResolvedConfig } from "vite";
+import { createRangoDebugger, NS } from "../debug.js";
+
+const debug = createRangoDebugger(NS.transform);
 
 const CLIENT_IN_SERVER_PROXY_PREFIX =
   "virtual:vite-rsc/client-in-server-package-proxy/";
@@ -62,6 +65,7 @@ export function extractPackageName(absolutePath: string): string | null {
  */
 export function clientRefDedup(): Plugin {
   let clientExclude: string[] = [];
+  const dedupedPackages = new Set<string>();
 
   return {
     name: "@rangojs/router:client-ref-dedup",
@@ -69,33 +73,35 @@ export function clientRefDedup(): Plugin {
     apply: "serve",
 
     configResolved(config: ResolvedConfig) {
-      // Respect user's optimizeDeps.exclude — if a package is explicitly
-      // excluded from pre-bundling, we shouldn't redirect it there.
       const clientEnv = config.environments?.["client"];
       clientExclude =
         clientEnv?.optimizeDeps?.exclude ?? config.optimizeDeps?.exclude ?? [];
     },
 
+    buildEnd() {
+      if (debug && dedupedPackages.size > 0) {
+        debug(
+          "client-ref-dedup: redirected %d package(s) (%s)",
+          dedupedPackages.size,
+          [...dedupedPackages].join(","),
+        );
+      }
+    },
+
     resolveId(source, importer, options) {
-      // Only intercept in the client environment
       if (this.environment?.name !== "client") return;
 
-      // Only handle imports from client-in-server-package-proxy virtual modules
       if (!importer?.includes(CLIENT_IN_SERVER_PROXY_PREFIX)) return;
 
-      // Only handle absolute node_modules paths
       if (!source.includes("/node_modules/")) return;
 
-      // Must have an importer
-      if (!importer) return;
-
       const packageName = extractPackageName(source);
       if (!packageName) return;
 
-      // Don't redirect packages that are excluded from optimization
       if (clientExclude.includes(packageName)) return;
 
-      // Return a virtual module that re-exports via bare specifier
+      if (debug) dedupedPackages.add(packageName);
+
       return `\0rango:dedup/${packageName}`;
     },
 
@@ -104,7 +110,6 @@ export function clientRefDedup(): Plugin {
 
       const packageName = id.slice("\0rango:dedup/".length);
 
-      // Re-export via bare specifier so Vite routes through pre-bundling
       return [
         `export * from ${JSON.stringify(packageName)};`,
         `import * as __all__ from ${JSON.stringify(packageName)};`,

package/src/vite/plugins/client-ref-hashing.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import type { Plugin } from "vite";
 import { relative } from "node:path";
 import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
+import { createRangoDebugger, createCounter, NS } from "../debug.js";
+
+const debug = createRangoDebugger(NS.transform);
 
-// Dev-mode client-reference key prefixes emitted by @vitejs/plugin-rsc
 const CLIENT_PKG_PROXY_PREFIX =
   "/@id/__x00__virtual:vite-rsc/client-package-proxy/";
 const CLIENT_IN_SERVER_PKG_PROXY_PREFIX =
@@ -19,6 +21,17 @@ const FS_PREFIX = "/@fs/";
  * Returns the input unchanged if it doesn't match a known dev-mode pattern
  * (e.g., already a production hash).
  */
+/**
+ * The production client-reference key hash: `sha256(relativeId).slice(0,12)`,
+ * matching @vitejs/plugin-rsc's `hashString`. Exported so the client-chunks
+ * strategy can hash a `clientChunks` callback's `meta.normalizedId` (already the
+ * project-root-relative id) and compare it against fallback hashes collected
+ * during discovery.
+ */
+export function hashRefKey(relativeId: string): string {
+  return createHash("sha256").update(relativeId).digest("hex").slice(0, 12);
+}
+
 export function computeProductionHash(
   projectRoot: string,
   refKey: string,
@@ -26,32 +39,24 @@ export function computeProductionHash(
   let toHash: string;
 
   if (refKey.startsWith(CLIENT_PKG_PROXY_PREFIX)) {
-    // /@id/__x00__virtual:vite-rsc/client-package-proxy/<pkg> -> hash("<pkg>")
     toHash = refKey.slice(CLIENT_PKG_PROXY_PREFIX.length);
   } else if (refKey.startsWith(CLIENT_IN_SERVER_PKG_PROXY_PREFIX)) {
-    // /@id/__x00__virtual:vite-rsc/client-in-server-package-proxy/<encodedAbsPath>
     const absPath = decodeURIComponent(
       refKey.slice(CLIENT_IN_SERVER_PKG_PROXY_PREFIX.length),
     );
     toHash = relative(projectRoot, absPath).replaceAll("\\", "/");
   } else if (refKey.startsWith(FS_PREFIX)) {
-    // /@fs/abs/path.tsx -> hash(relative(root, "/abs/path.tsx"))
     const absPath = refKey.slice(FS_PREFIX.length - 1); // keep leading /
     toHash = relative(projectRoot, absPath).replaceAll("\\", "/");
   } else if (refKey.startsWith("/")) {
-    // /src/Button.tsx -> hash("src/Button.tsx")
     toHash = refKey.slice(1);
   } else {
-    // Already hashed or unknown format — return unchanged
     return refKey;
   }
 
-  return createHash("sha256").update(toHash).digest("hex").slice(0, 12);
+  return hashRefKey(toHash);
 }
 
-// Regex to match registerClientReference() calls as emitted by @vitejs/plugin-rsc.
-// Captures the reference key (second argument) from the call.
-// Handles two proxy forms: parenthesized expression `(expr)` and arrow-throw `() => { ... }`.
 const REGISTER_CLIENT_REF_RE =
   /registerClientReference\(\s*(?:(?:\([^)]*\))|(?:\(\)[\s\S]*?\}))\s*,\s*"([^"]+)"\s*,\s*"[^"]+"\s*\)/g;
 
@@ -89,17 +94,25 @@ export function transformClientRefs(
  * regex replacement of Flight payloads.
  */
 export function hashClientRefs(projectRoot: string): Plugin {
+  const counter = createCounter(debug, "hash-client-refs");
   return {
     name: "@rangojs/router:hash-client-refs",
-    // Run after the RSC plugin's transform (default enforce is normal)
     enforce: "post",
     applyToEnvironment(env) {
       return env.name === "rsc";
     },
-    transform(code, _id) {
-      const result = transformClientRefs(code, projectRoot);
-      if (result === null) return;
-      return { code: result, map: null };
+    buildEnd() {
+      counter?.flush();
+    },
+    transform(code, id) {
+      const start = counter ? performance.now() : 0;
+      try {
+        const result = transformClientRefs(code, projectRoot);
+        if (result === null) return;
+        return { code: result, map: null };
+      } finally {
+        counter?.record(id, performance.now() - start);
+      }
     },
   };
 }

package/src/vite/plugins/cloudflare-protocol-loader-hook.d.mts

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+export interface LoaderResolveContext {
+  parentURL?: string;
+  conditions?: readonly string[];
+  importAttributes?: Record<string, string>;
+}
+
+export interface LoaderResolveResult {
+  shortCircuit?: boolean;
+  url: string;
+  format?: "module" | "commonjs" | "json" | "wasm" | null;
+  importAttributes?: Record<string, string>;
+}
+
+export type NextResolve = (
+  specifier: string,
+  context?: LoaderResolveContext,
+) => Promise<LoaderResolveResult>;
+
+export function resolve(
+  specifier: string,
+  context: LoaderResolveContext,
+  nextResolve: NextResolve,
+): Promise<LoaderResolveResult>;

package/src/vite/plugins/cloudflare-protocol-loader-hook.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Node ESM loader hook that resolves `cloudflare:*` imports to the same
+// stub ESM the Vite transform produces for rewritten specifiers.
+//
+// Why both? The Vite transform (cloudflare-protocol-stub.ts) catches
+// imports in modules that flow through Vite's plugin pipeline — covers
+// user source and any node_modules package Vite fetches and transforms.
+// But Vite/Rollup externalize certain packages (e.g. `partyserver`,
+// which has `import { DurableObject, env } from "cloudflare:workers"`
+// at its top level, and similar "workerd-native" libraries). Externalized
+// modules bypass the transform: Rollup hands their resolution to Node's
+// native ESM loader, which rejects URL-scheme specifiers. This loader
+// hook registers via `module.register()` from `createTempRscServer` and
+// intercepts `cloudflare:*` at Node's resolve layer — before the default
+// loader throws ERR_UNSUPPORTED_ESM_URL_SCHEME.
+//
+// Lifecycle: the hook runs in a dedicated worker thread (Node ESM loader
+// architecture) with its own globalThis. It cannot see the main thread's
+// `__rango_build_env__` bridge, so the `env` export here is always `{}`.
+// That's fine in practice — externalized libraries don't typically touch
+// `env` at module top level; they read it at request time in workerd
+// where the real module exists. Build-time prerender handlers in user
+// source DO read `env`, but they flow through the Vite transform (which
+// does bridge `env` from `getPlatformProxy()`), not through this loader.
+//
+// Keep STUBS in sync with cloudflare-protocol-stub.ts — both paths need
+// to hand out the same base classes.
+
+const CF_PREFIX = "cloudflare:";
+
+const STUBS = {
+  "cloudflare:workers": `
+export class DurableObject { constructor(_ctx, _env) {} }
+export class WorkerEntrypoint { constructor(_ctx, _env) {} }
+export class WorkflowEntrypoint { constructor(_ctx, _env) {} }
+export class RpcTarget {}
+export const env = {};
+export default {};
+`,
+  "cloudflare:email": `
+export class EmailMessage { constructor(_from, _to, _raw) {} }
+export default {};
+`,
+  "cloudflare:sockets": `
+export function connect() { return {}; }
+export default {};
+`,
+  "cloudflare:workflows": `
+export class NonRetryableError extends Error {
+  constructor(message, name) { super(message); this.name = name ?? "NonRetryableError"; }
+}
+export default {};
+`,
+};
+
+// Policy: unknown `cloudflare:*` specifiers resolve permissively to an
+// empty default export rather than throwing. Same reasoning as
+// cloudflare-protocol-stub.ts's FALLBACK_STUB — we prioritize
+// dependency-graph resilience over strict validation, because third-party
+// packages can pull `cloudflare:*` modules we haven't curated.
+const FALLBACK_STUB = `export default {};\n`;
+
+function dataUrlFor(specifier) {
+  const body = STUBS[specifier] ?? FALLBACK_STUB;
+  return "data:text/javascript;base64," + Buffer.from(body).toString("base64");
+}
+
+export async function resolve(specifier, context, nextResolve) {
+  if (specifier.startsWith(CF_PREFIX)) {
+    return {
+      shortCircuit: true,
+      url: dataUrlFor(specifier),
+      format: "module",
+    };
+  }
+  return nextResolve(specifier, context);
+}