@rangojs/router 0.0.0-experimental.d7eeaa75 → 0.0.0-experimental.d98a8e9d

package/src/index.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ export {
   MiddlewareError,
   HandlerError,
   BuildError,
+  DslContextError,
   InvalidHandlerError,
   RouterError,
   Skip,
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ export type {
   // Revalidation types
   RevalidateParams,
   Revalidate,
+  ActionRef,
   RouteKeys,
   // Loader types
   LoaderDefinition,
@@ -102,8 +104,7 @@ export type {
   JsonResponsePathFn,
   TextResponsePathFn,
   RouteResponse,
-  ResponseError,
-  ResponseEnvelope,
+  ProblemDetails,
 } from "./urls.js";
 
 // Middleware context types
@@ -147,24 +148,52 @@ export { createVar, type ContextVar } from "./context-var.js";
 export { nonce } from "./rsc/nonce.js";
 
 /**
- * Error-throwing stub for server-only `Prerender` function.
+ * SSR/client stub for server-only `Prerender` function.
+ *
+ * Returns a lightweight stub object instead of throwing so that the
+ * production SSR build can safely bundle the RSC entry chunk — the SSR
+ * bundler resolves `@rangojs/router` to this (SSR) entry, so Prerender
+ * calls in RSC code must not crash at module-evaluation time.
  */
-export function Prerender(): never {
-  throw serverOnlyStubError("Prerender");
+export function Prerender(
+  _handler?: any,
+  _optionsOrId?: any,
+  __injectedId?: string,
+): any {
+  const id =
+    typeof _optionsOrId === "string" ? _optionsOrId : __injectedId || "";
+  return { __brand: "prerenderHandler" as const, $$id: id };
 }
 
 /**
- * Error-throwing stub for server-only `Passthrough` function.
+ * SSR/client stub for server-only `Passthrough` function.
  */
-export function Passthrough(): never {
-  throw serverOnlyStubError("Passthrough");
+export function Passthrough(
+  _handler?: any,
+  _optionsOrId?: any,
+  __injectedId?: string,
+): any {
+  const id =
+    typeof _optionsOrId === "string" ? _optionsOrId : __injectedId || "";
+  return { __brand: "passthroughHandler" as const, $$id: id };
 }
 
 /**
- * Error-throwing stub for server-only `Static` function.
+ * SSR/client stub for server-only `Static` function.
+ *
+ * Returns a lightweight stub object instead of throwing so that the
+ * production SSR build can safely bundle the RSC entry chunk — the SSR
+ * bundler resolves `@rangojs/router` to this (SSR) entry, so Static
+ * calls in RSC code must not crash at module-evaluation time.
  */
-export function Static(): never {
-  throw serverOnlyStubError("Static");
+export function Static(
+  _handler?: any,
+  _optionsOrId?: any,
+  __injectedId?: string,
+): any {
+  const id =
+    typeof _optionsOrId === "string" ? _optionsOrId : __injectedId || "";
+  return { __brand: "staticHandler" as const, $$id: id };
 }
 
 /**
@@ -236,6 +265,9 @@ export function transition(): never {
 // Request context type (safe for client)
 export type { PublicRequestContext as RequestContext } from "./server/request-context.js";
 
+// Shared base for every user-facing request context.
+export type { RequestScope, ExecutionContext } from "./types/request-scope.js";
+
 // Cookie store types (safe for client)
 export type {
   CookieStore,
@@ -271,12 +303,17 @@ export {
   type LocationStateOptions,
 } from "./browser/react/location-state-shared.js";
 
-// Path-based response type lookup from RegisteredRoutes
-export type { PathResponse } from "./href-client.js";
-
-// Telemetry sink
-export { createConsoleSink } from "./router/telemetry.js";
-export { createOTelSink } from "./router/telemetry-otel.js";
+// Path and response types are ambient on the `Rango` namespace (`Rango.Path`,
+// `Rango.PathResponse`, declared in href-client.ts) — no import needed.
+
+// Telemetry types only — the createConsoleSink/createOTelSink values are
+// server-only and live in index.rsc.ts (the `react-server` condition of the
+// bare `@rangojs/router` import). Re-exporting them as values from this
+// (default/client) entry would pull telemetry.ts and telemetry-otel.ts into
+// the client module graph; both tree-shake to zero bytes but still appear in
+// bundle analysis output and slow build-time module resolution. Consumers
+// who need the values in non-RSC contexts can import from
+// `@rangojs/router/server`.
 export type { OTelTracer, OTelSpan } from "./router/telemetry-otel.js";
 export type { TelemetrySink, TelemetryEvent } from "./router/telemetry.js";
 

package/src/loader-store.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+/**
+ * LoaderStore — shared subscription model for `useLoader` / `useFetchLoader`.
+ *
+ * Each bucket key gets one entry that holds the latest committed snapshot plus a
+ * set of listeners. Snapshots are frozen and replaced atomically on mutation, so
+ * subscribers can compare snapshot identity and avoid unnecessary updates
+ * between real changes.
+ *
+ * The bucket key is `loader.$$id` by default, or `loader.$$id + key` when the
+ * hook is given an explicit client refresh `key`. Multiple buckets belonging to
+ * the same loader form a family (indexed by `loader.$$id`) so a navigation /
+ * route-context reset can clear them all at once via `clearFamily`.
+ *
+ * Mutations that come in for an old request id (e.g. a slow response that
+ * resolves after a newer load() was issued, or after a navigation cleared the
+ * entry) are silently dropped. `reserveRequestId` is the only way to claim the
+ * "latest" slot; `clear` bumps it too so pre-navigation in-flight loads cannot
+ * commit into the new route's context.
+ *
+ * Bucket lifecycle differs by registration:
+ *   - Sticky buckets (a route-registered reader subscribed at least once) keep
+ *     their entry after the last subscriber leaves so an in-flight load() can
+ *     still commit on remount; they reset on navigation via `clearFamily`.
+ *   - Ephemeral buckets (only ever subscribed by readers with no route context,
+ *     i.e. keyed `useFetchLoader` of an unregistered loader) have no
+ *     route-context reset trigger, so they are reference-counted: dropped once
+ *     the last subscriber unsubscribes. The drop is deferred to a microtask and
+ *     cancelled on resubscribe so a StrictMode / transition remount does not
+ *     reclaim a bucket that is about to be reused, and is held until any
+ *     in-flight load settles.
+ *
+ * The store is intentionally module-level: each browser tab is its own JS
+ * realm, so there is no cross-request pollution. Server renders never mutate
+ * the store — the hook falls back to `OutletContext.loaderData`.
+ */
+
+export interface LoaderEntry<T = unknown> {
+  readonly value: T | undefined;
+  /**
+   * Whether a load has committed a value to this bucket. Distinguishes a
+   * committed `null`/`undefined` result from "never loaded", so a loader that
+   * resolves to a falsy value is not mistaken for an empty bucket and is not
+   * overridden by the server-seeded context value.
+   */
+  readonly hasValue: boolean;
+  readonly error: Error | null;
+  readonly isLoading: boolean;
+  /** Identifies the request that produced this snapshot. 0 means "no request". */
+  readonly requestId: number;
+}
+
+const EMPTY_SNAPSHOT: LoaderEntry = Object.freeze({
+  value: undefined,
+  hasValue: false,
+  error: null,
+  isLoading: false,
+  requestId: 0,
+});
+
+/**
+ * Options for `subscribe`.
+ */
+export interface SubscribeOptions {
+  /**
+   * Family id (`loader.$$id`) this bucket belongs to. `clearFamily` uses it to
+   * reach every keyed bucket of the same loader. Defaults to the bucket key.
+   */
+  loaderId?: string;
+  /**
+   * When true, this subscription is from a reader with no route context (keyed
+   * `useFetchLoader` of an unregistered loader). Such buckets have no
+   * route-context reset trigger and are reference-counted instead. A bucket
+   * becomes sticky for the rest of its life as soon as any non-ephemeral
+   * subscriber attaches, and from then on resets via `clearFamily`.
+   */
+  ephemeral?: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Cross-loader refresh group name(s). Tags this bucket so `refreshGroups(name)`
+   * can refresh it alongside buckets of other loaders. A bucket may be tagged
+   * with several group names at once (pass an array); it is then refreshed when
+   * ANY of its groups is refreshed. Group membership follows subscriber presence:
+   * a bucket leaves a group when that group's last subscriber unsubscribes.
+   */
+  group?: string | string[];
+  /**
+   * Plain-GET refresh thunk used by `refreshGroups`. Provided alongside `group`.
+   * Refreshes this bucket in place (no params/body) and rejects on failure.
+   */
+  refetch?: () => Promise<void>;
+}
+
+interface InternalEntry {
+  snapshot: LoaderEntry;
+  listeners: Set<() => void>;
+  /** Monotonically increasing. Bumped by reserveRequestId() and clear(). */
+  latestRequestId: number;
+  /** Family id (loader.$$id) this bucket belongs to. */
+  loaderId: string;
+  /**
+   * True once any non-ephemeral subscriber has attached. Sticky buckets are
+   * never reference-count-dropped; they reset via clearFamily().
+   */
+  sticky: boolean;
+  /** A deferred refcount-drop microtask is scheduled and not yet cancelled. */
+  pendingClear: boolean;
+  /**
+   * The last subscriber left while a load() was in flight. Drop the bucket once
+   * that request settles, if it is still subscriberless.
+   */
+  clearWhenSettled: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Cross-loader refresh groups this bucket belongs to, mapped to the number of
+   * current subscribers that requested each group. A bucket can be in several
+   * groups at once (one read tagged with multiple names, or different subscribers
+   * tagging the same shared bucket with different names); refcounting keeps
+   * membership independent of subscribe/unsubscribe order.
+   */
+  groups: Map<string, number>;
+  /** Plain-GET refresh thunk for `refreshGroups`, set while in any group. */
+  refetch: (() => Promise<void>) | undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalize a group tag option (`undefined | string | string[]`) to a deduped
+ * list of names. Deduping keeps a single subscriber from being counted more than
+ * once in one group when the caller passes a repeated name.
+ */
+function normalizeGroups(group: string | string[] | undefined): string[] {
+  if (group === undefined) return [];
+  if (typeof group === "string") return [group];
+  return [...new Set(group)];
+}
+
+export class LoaderStore {
+  private readonly entries = new Map<string, InternalEntry>();
+  /** loader.$$id -> set of bucket keys, so clearFamily() can reach every bucket. */
+  private readonly families = new Map<string, Set<string>>();
+  /** refresh group name -> set of bucket keys, for refreshGroups(). */
+  private readonly groups = new Map<string, Set<string>>();
+
+  private getOrCreate(bucketKey: string): InternalEntry {
+    let e = this.entries.get(bucketKey);
+    if (!e) {
+      e = {
+        snapshot: EMPTY_SNAPSHOT,
+        listeners: new Set(),
+        latestRequestId: 0,
+        loaderId: bucketKey,
+        sticky: false,
+        pendingClear: false,
+        clearWhenSettled: false,
+        groups: new Map(),
+        refetch: undefined,
+      };
+      this.entries.set(bucketKey, e);
+    }
+    return e;
+  }
+
+  private registerFamily(loaderId: string, bucketKey: string): void {
+    let fam = this.families.get(loaderId);
+    if (!fam) {
+      fam = new Set();
+      this.families.set(loaderId, fam);
+    }
+    fam.add(bucketKey);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Subscribe to entry changes for `bucketKey`.
+   * Returns an unsubscribe function. A sticky bucket's entry is kept around even
+   * after the last subscriber leaves so that an in-flight `load()` can still
+   * commit if the consumer remounts. An ephemeral bucket is dropped once its
+   * last subscriber leaves (deferred, see maybeScheduleRefcountClear).
+   */
+  subscribe(
+    bucketKey: string,
+    cb: () => void,
+    options?: SubscribeOptions,
+  ): () => void {
+    const e = this.getOrCreate(bucketKey);
+    const loaderId = options?.loaderId ?? bucketKey;
+    e.loaderId = loaderId;
+    this.registerFamily(loaderId, bucketKey);
+    if (options?.ephemeral !== true) e.sticky = true;
+    // Normalize the group tag(s) to a deduped list so one subscriber is counted
+    // once per distinct group, and subscribe/unsubscribe stay symmetric (the
+    // same list drives both addToGroup and releaseGroup).
+    const groups = normalizeGroups(options?.group);
+    for (const group of groups) {
+      this.addToGroup(group, bucketKey, e, options?.refetch);
+    }
+    // A fresh subscriber means the bucket is wanted again: cancel any pending
+    // refcount-drop and the settle-then-drop intent.
+    e.pendingClear = false;
+    e.clearWhenSettled = false;
+    e.listeners.add(cb);
+    return () => {
+      e.listeners.delete(cb);
+      // Group membership is refcounted per subscriber so refreshGroups() never
+      // fetches for an unmounted reader, and a bucket shared by subscribers in
+      // different groups stays in each group until ALL of that group's
+      // subscribers have left (order-independent).
+      for (const group of groups) this.releaseGroup(group, bucketKey, e);
+      this.maybeScheduleRefcountClear(bucketKey, e);
+    };
+  }
+
+  private addToGroup(
+    group: string,
+    bucketKey: string,
+    e: InternalEntry,
+    refetch: (() => Promise<void>) | undefined,
+  ): void {
+    e.groups.set(group, (e.groups.get(group) ?? 0) + 1);
+    // One thunk per bucket — every subscriber of a bucket provides an
+    // equivalent plain-GET refresh, so keeping the latest is fine.
+    if (refetch) e.refetch = refetch;
+    let members = this.groups.get(group);
+    if (!members) {
+      members = new Set();
+      this.groups.set(group, members);
+    }
+    members.add(bucketKey);
+  }
+
+  private releaseGroup(
+    group: string,
+    bucketKey: string,
+    e: InternalEntry,
+  ): void {
+    const next = (e.groups.get(group) ?? 0) - 1;
+    if (next > 0) {
+      e.groups.set(group, next);
+      return;
+    }
+    e.groups.delete(group);
+    const members = this.groups.get(group);
+    if (members) {
+      members.delete(bucketKey);
+      if (members.size === 0) this.groups.delete(group);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Remove a bucket from every group it belongs to (used when it is dropped). */
+  private removeFromAllGroups(bucketKey: string, e: InternalEntry): void {
+    for (const group of e.groups.keys()) {
+      const members = this.groups.get(group);
+      if (members) {
+        members.delete(bucketKey);
+        if (members.size === 0) this.groups.delete(group);
+      }
+    }
+    e.groups.clear();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Refresh every currently-mounted bucket tagged with ANY of the given group
+   * names, with a plain GET (no params/body). Accepts a single name or an array
+   * of names. A bucket that belongs to more than one of the named groups is
+   * refreshed exactly once (members are unioned and deduped by bucket key), as
+   * are multiple reads of one bucket. Resolves when all refreshes settle; rejects
+   * with an `AggregateError` of the failures if any member fails — each failing
+   * member also records its error on its own snapshot.
+   */
+  async refreshGroups(groups: string | string[]): Promise<void> {
+    const names = typeof groups === "string" ? [groups] : groups;
+    // Union the member buckets across every named group, deduped by key, so a
+    // bucket tagged into two of the requested groups is fetched a single time.
+    const buckets = new Set<string>();
+    for (const name of names) {
+      const members = this.groups.get(name);
+      if (!members) continue;
+      for (const bucketKey of members) buckets.add(bucketKey);
+    }
+    if (buckets.size === 0) return;
+    const thunks: Array<() => Promise<void>> = [];
+    for (const bucketKey of buckets) {
+      const e = this.entries.get(bucketKey);
+      if (!e || e.listeners.size === 0 || !e.refetch) continue;
+      thunks.push(e.refetch);
+    }
+    if (thunks.length === 0) return;
+    const results = await Promise.allSettled(thunks.map((t) => t()));
+    const reasons = results
+      .filter((r): r is PromiseRejectedResult => r.status === "rejected")
+      .map((r) => r.reason);
+    if (reasons.length > 0) {
+      const label = names.map((n) => `"${n}"`).join(", ");
+      throw new AggregateError(
+        reasons,
+        `refreshGroups(${label}) had ${reasons.length} failure(s)`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Schedule a deferred drop for an ad-hoc (never-sticky) bucket whose last
+   * subscriber just left. Deferred to a microtask so a StrictMode / transition
+   * remount that resubscribes in the same tick cancels it.
+   */
+  private maybeScheduleRefcountClear(
+    bucketKey: string,
+    e: InternalEntry,
+  ): void {
+    if (e.listeners.size > 0) return;
+    // Sticky buckets persist for remount; they reset via clearFamily().
+    if (e.sticky) return;
+    if (e.pendingClear) return;
+    e.pendingClear = true;
+    queueMicrotask(() => {
+      if (!e.pendingClear) return; // cancelled by a resubscribe
+      e.pendingClear = false;
+      if (e.listeners.size > 0) return; // resubscribed before the microtask ran
+      if (e.snapshot.isLoading) {
+        // Don't drop mid-flight; let the request commit, then drop.
+        e.clearWhenSettled = true;
+        return;
+      }
+      this.dropBucket(bucketKey);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** Remove a bucket entry entirely and prune it from its family/group indexes. */
+  private dropBucket(bucketKey: string): void {
+    const e = this.entries.get(bucketKey);
+    if (!e) return;
+    this.removeFromAllGroups(bucketKey, e);
+    this.entries.delete(bucketKey);
+    const fam = this.families.get(e.loaderId);
+    if (fam) {
+      fam.delete(bucketKey);
+      if (fam.size === 0) this.families.delete(e.loaderId);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Drop an ephemeral bucket that settled with no subscribers left. */
+  private dropIfSettled(bucketKey: string, e: InternalEntry): void {
+    if (e.clearWhenSettled && e.listeners.size === 0) {
+      e.clearWhenSettled = false;
+      this.dropBucket(bucketKey);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the current snapshot for `bucketKey`. Stable reference between
+   * mutations — subscribers rely on this to avoid spurious re-renders.
+   * Returns `EMPTY_SNAPSHOT` (a singleton) when the entry has never been
+   * mutated or has been cleared.
+   */
+  getSnapshot(bucketKey: string): LoaderEntry {
+    return this.entries.get(bucketKey)?.snapshot ?? EMPTY_SNAPSHOT;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reserve a fresh request id for an upcoming `load()` call. The returned id
+   * is the new "latest"; any older in-flight requests will fail their gating
+   * check on `finishData` / `finishError` / `finishLoading` and be dropped.
+   *
+   * Callers should follow with `beginRequest(id, requestId)` to flip the
+   * loading flag on AND clear any leftover error from a previous attempt
+   * — the latter matters for `throwOnError: false` consumers, which would
+   * otherwise keep showing the stale error throughout the retry.
+   */
+  reserveRequestId(bucketKey: string): number {
+    const e = this.getOrCreate(bucketKey);
+    e.latestRequestId++;
+    return e.latestRequestId;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Mark the request as in-flight: `isLoading = true`, `error = null`.
+   * Combines the two operations so a retry doesn't render the previous
+   * error during the new request. Gated on `requestId === latestRequestId`
+   * for symmetry with the other mutators.
+   */
+  beginRequest(bucketKey: string, requestId: number): void {
+    const e = this.entries.get(bucketKey);
+    if (!e || requestId !== e.latestRequestId) return;
+    if (e.snapshot.isLoading && e.snapshot.error === null) return;
+    e.snapshot = Object.freeze({
+      value: e.snapshot.value,
+      hasValue: e.snapshot.hasValue,
+      error: null,
+      isLoading: true,
+      requestId,
+    });
+    this.notify(e);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Commit a successful result. No-op if `requestId` is not the latest
+   * (a newer `load()` was issued or `clear()` ran). Clearing `error` is
+   * intentional: a successful refetch should hide the previous failure.
+   */
+  finishData<T>(bucketKey: string, requestId: number, value: T): void {
+    const e = this.entries.get(bucketKey);
+    if (!e || requestId !== e.latestRequestId) return;
+    e.snapshot = Object.freeze({
+      value,
+      hasValue: true,
+      error: null,
+      isLoading: false,
+      requestId,
+    });
+    this.notify(e);
+    this.dropIfSettled(bucketKey, e);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Commit an error. Preserves the last good `value` so consumers can keep
+   * showing previous data while displaying the error if they choose. No-op
+   * if `requestId` is not the latest.
+   */
+  finishError(bucketKey: string, requestId: number, error: Error): void {
+    const e = this.entries.get(bucketKey);
+    if (!e || requestId !== e.latestRequestId) return;
+    e.snapshot = Object.freeze({
+      value: e.snapshot.value,
+      hasValue: e.snapshot.hasValue,
+      error,
+      isLoading: false,
+      requestId,
+    });
+    this.notify(e);
+    this.dropIfSettled(bucketKey, e);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update loading flag. Gated on `requestId` to fix the race where an old
+   * load() finishes after a new one started — its `setLoading(false)` would
+   * otherwise hide the new request's spinner.
+   */
+  setLoading(bucketKey: string, requestId: number, isLoading: boolean): void {
+    const e = this.entries.get(bucketKey);
+    if (!e || requestId !== e.latestRequestId) return;
+    if (e.snapshot.isLoading === isLoading) return;
+    e.snapshot = Object.freeze({
+      ...e.snapshot,
+      isLoading,
+    });
+    this.notify(e);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reset a single bucket entry. Bumps `latestRequestId` so any in-flight
+   * `load()` whose promise is still pending will fail its gate when it resolves
+   * and be dropped — prevents pre-navigation loads from clobbering the new
+   * route's context. The entry itself is kept (sticky-bucket semantics).
+   */
+  clear(bucketKey: string): void {
+    const e = this.entries.get(bucketKey);
+    if (!e) return;
+    e.latestRequestId++;
+    if (e.snapshot === EMPTY_SNAPSHOT) return;
+    e.snapshot = EMPTY_SNAPSHOT;
+    this.notify(e);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reset every sticky bucket belonging to `loaderId`. Called on navigation /
+   * route-context change: all route-registered reads of the loader (keyed or
+   * not) drop back to seeding from fresh `loaderData`. Ephemeral buckets are
+   * intentionally left alone — they are governed by subscriber refcount, so a
+   * persistent keyed reader outside the outlet keeps its value across a
+   * navigation rather than blanking out.
+   */
+  clearFamily(loaderId: string): void {
+    const fam = this.families.get(loaderId);
+    if (!fam) return;
+    for (const bucketKey of fam) {
+      const e = this.entries.get(bucketKey);
+      if (!e || !e.sticky) continue;
+      this.clear(bucketKey);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private notify(e: InternalEntry): void {
+    for (const cb of e.listeners) cb();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test-only escape hatch. Drops every entry. Production code should never
+   * call this; the store is process-scoped and lives for the tab's lifetime.
+   * @internal
+   */
+  reset(): void {
+    this.entries.clear();
+    this.families.clear();
+    this.groups.clear();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Module-level singleton. Each browser tab gets its own; SSR never mutates it.
+ * The hook falls through to `OutletContext.loaderData` during the server render.
+ */
+export const loaderStore: LoaderStore = new LoaderStore();
+
+export const EMPTY_LOADER_SNAPSHOT: LoaderEntry = EMPTY_SNAPSHOT;

package/src/loader.rsc.ts

@@ -21,9 +21,15 @@ import {
   registerFetchableLoader,
   getFetchableLoader,
 } from "./server/fetchable-loader-store.js";
+import { missingInjectedIdError } from "./missing-id-error.js";
+import { isUnderTestRunner } from "./runtime-env.js";
 
 export { getFetchableLoader };
 
+// Counter for runtime-fallback loader ids assigned only in a bare unit test
+// (no Vite plugin to inject one). Process-stable; never reached in a real build.
+let runtimeLoaderIdCounter = 0;
+
 // Overload 1: With function only (not fetchable)
 export function createLoader<T>(
   fn: LoaderFn<T, Record<string, string | undefined>, any>,
@@ -50,14 +56,26 @@ export function createLoader<T>(
 ): LoaderDefinition<Awaited<T>, Record<string, string | undefined>> {
   // The $$id will be set on the returned object by Vite plugin
   // For fetchable loaders, __injectedId is also passed as a parameter
-  const loaderId = __injectedId || "";
+  let loaderId = __injectedId || "";
 
-  if (!loaderId && process.env.NODE_ENV === "development") {
-    throw new Error(
-      "[rsc-router] Loader is missing $$id. " +
-        "Make sure the exposeInternalIds Vite plugin is enabled and " +
-        "the loader is exported with: export const MyLoader = createLoader(...)",
-    );
+  // No build-injected id. Under a test runner: fall back to a synthetic id so the
+  // fn registers below and the loader is exercisable via runLoader(loaderHandle)
+  // (it recovers the fn from the registry by $$id). Otherwise (dev or a real
+  // build) it means an UNSUPPORTED shape (e.g. a namespace import
+  // `rango.createLoader(...)`) the plugin skipped — fail loud. The rich
+  // diagnostic stays behind the NODE_ENV check so production folds it away and
+  // ships the small throw. isUnderTestRunner() is runtime-safe. Mirrors createHandle.
+  if (!loaderId) {
+    if (isUnderTestRunner()) {
+      loaderId = `__rango_runtime_loader_${runtimeLoaderIdCounter++}`;
+    } else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production") {
+      throw missingInjectedIdError("Loader", "createLoader");
+    } else {
+      throw new Error(
+        "[rango] Loader is missing $$id — the build plugin did not inject one. " +
+          "Export it as `export const X = createLoader(...)`.",
+      );
+    }
   }
 
   // If not fetchable, store fn in registry (for SSR ctx.use() resolution)