@quicktvui/ai 1.0.7 → 1.0.9

package/rules/.source/sdk/support/download/src/main/java/com/quicktvui/support/download/HttpRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,3201 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Kevin Sawicki <kevinsawicki@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.quicktvui.support.download;
+
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_BAD_REQUEST;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_FOUND;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NO_CONTENT;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK;
+import static java.net.Proxy.Type.HTTP;
+
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.Flushable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.Proxy;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.CharBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
+import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+
+import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
+import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
+import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
+import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
+
+/**
+ * A fluid interface for making HTTP requests using an underlying
+ * {@link HttpURLConnection} (or sub-class).
+ * <p>
+ * Each instance supports making a single request and cannot be reused for
+ * further requests.
+ */
+public class HttpRequest {
+
+    private static final String TAG = "HttpRequest";
+    private final boolean DEBUG = false;
+
+    /**
+     * 'UTF-8' charset name
+     */
+    public static final String CHARSET_UTF8 = "UTF-8";
+
+    /**
+     * 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content type header value
+     */
+    public static final String CONTENT_TYPE_FORM = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
+
+    /**
+     * 'application/json' content type header value
+     */
+    public static final String CONTENT_TYPE_JSON = "application/json";
+
+    /**
+     * 'gzip' encoding header value
+     */
+    public static final String ENCODING_GZIP = "gzip";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Accept' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_ACCEPT = "Accept";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Accept-Charset' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_ACCEPT_CHARSET = "Accept-Charset";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Accept-Encoding' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_ACCEPT_ENCODING = "Accept-Encoding";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Authorization' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_AUTHORIZATION = "Authorization";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Cache-Control' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL = "Cache-Control";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Content-Encoding' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_CONTENT_ENCODING = "Content-Encoding";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Content-Length' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_CONTENT_LENGTH = "Content-Length";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Content-Type' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE = "Content-Type";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Date' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_DATE = "Date";
+
+    /**
+     * 'ETag' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_ETAG = "ETag";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Expires' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_EXPIRES = "Expires";
+
+    /**
+     * 'If-None-Match' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_IF_NONE_MATCH = "If-None-Match";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Last-Modified' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_LAST_MODIFIED = "Last-Modified";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Location' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_LOCATION = "Location";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Proxy-Authorization' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_PROXY_AUTHORIZATION = "Proxy-Authorization";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Referer' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_REFERER = "Referer";
+
+    /**
+     * 'Server' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_SERVER = "Server";
+
+    /**
+     * 'User-Agent' header name
+     */
+    public static final String HEADER_USER_AGENT = "User-Agent";
+
+    /**
+     * 'DELETE' request method
+     */
+    public static final String METHOD_DELETE = "DELETE";
+
+    /**
+     * 'GET' request method
+     */
+    public static final String METHOD_GET = "GET";
+
+    /**
+     * 'HEAD' request method
+     */
+    public static final String METHOD_HEAD = "HEAD";
+
+    /**
+     * 'OPTIONS' options method
+     */
+    public static final String METHOD_OPTIONS = "OPTIONS";
+
+    /**
+     * 'POST' request method
+     */
+    public static final String METHOD_POST = "POST";
+
+    /**
+     * 'PUT' request method
+     */
+    public static final String METHOD_PUT = "PUT";
+
+    /**
+     * 'TRACE' request method
+     */
+    public static final String METHOD_TRACE = "TRACE";
+
+    /**
+     * 'charset' header value parameter
+     */
+    public static final String PARAM_CHARSET = "charset";
+
+    private static final String BOUNDARY = "00content0boundary00";
+
+    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE_MULTIPART = "multipart/form-data; boundary="
+            + BOUNDARY;
+
+    private static final String CRLF = "\r\n";
+
+    private static final String[] EMPTY_STRINGS = new String[0];
+
+    private static SSLSocketFactory TRUSTED_FACTORY;
+
+    private static HostnameVerifier TRUSTED_VERIFIER;
+    private static ConnectionFactory CONNECTION_FACTORY = ConnectionFactory.DEFAULT;
+    private final URL url;
+    private final String requestMethod;
+    private HttpURLConnection connection = null;
+    private RequestOutputStream output;
+    private boolean multipart;
+    private boolean form;
+    private boolean ignoreCloseExceptions = true;
+    private boolean uncompress = false;
+    private int bufferSize = 8192;
+    private long totalSize = -1;
+    private long totalWritten = 0;
+    private String httpProxyHost;
+    private int httpProxyPort;
+    private UploadProgress progress = UploadProgress.DEFAULT;
+
+    /**
+     * Create HTTP connection wrapper
+     *
+     * @param url    Remote resource URL.
+     * @param method HTTP request method (e.g., "GET", "POST").
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest(final CharSequence url, final String method)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        try {
+            this.url = new URL(url.toString());
+        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+        this.requestMethod = method;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create HTTP connection wrapper
+     *
+     * @param url    Remote resource URL.
+     * @param method HTTP request method (e.g., "GET", "POST").
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest(final URL url, final String method)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        this.url = url;
+        this.requestMethod = method;
+    }
+
+    private static String getValidCharset(final String charset) {
+        if (charset != null && charset.length() > 0)
+            return charset;
+        else
+            return CHARSET_UTF8;
+    }
+
+    private static SSLSocketFactory getTrustedFactory()
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        if (TRUSTED_FACTORY == null) {
+            final TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[]{new X509TrustManager() {
+
+                public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
+                    return new X509Certificate[0];
+                }
+
+                public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {
+                    // Intentionally left blank
+                }
+
+                public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {
+                    // Intentionally left blank
+                }
+            }};
+            try {
+                SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
+                context.init(null, trustAllCerts, new SecureRandom());
+                TRUSTED_FACTORY = context.getSocketFactory();
+            } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+                IOException ioException = new IOException(
+                        "Security exception configuring SSL context");
+                ioException.initCause(e);
+                throw new HttpRequestException(ioException);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return TRUSTED_FACTORY;
+    }
+
+    private static HostnameVerifier getTrustedVerifier() {
+        if (TRUSTED_VERIFIER == null)
+            TRUSTED_VERIFIER = new HostnameVerifier() {
+
+                public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            };
+
+        return TRUSTED_VERIFIER;
+    }
+
+    private static StringBuilder addPathSeparator(final String baseUrl,
+                                                  final StringBuilder result) {
+        // Add trailing slash if the base URL doesn't have any path segments.
+        //
+        // The following test is checking for the last slash not being part of
+        // the protocol to host separator: '://'.
+        if (baseUrl.indexOf(':') + 2 == baseUrl.lastIndexOf('/'))
+            result.append('/');
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static StringBuilder addParamPrefix(final String baseUrl,
+                                                final StringBuilder result) {
+        // Add '?' if missing and add '&' if params already exist in base url
+        final int queryStart = baseUrl.indexOf('?');
+        final int lastChar = result.length() - 1;
+        if (queryStart == -1)
+            result.append('?');
+        else if (queryStart < lastChar && baseUrl.charAt(lastChar) != '&')
+            result.append('&');
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static StringBuilder addParam(final Object key, Object value,
+                                          final StringBuilder result) {
+        if (value != null && value.getClass().isArray())
+            value = arrayToList(value);
+
+        if (value instanceof Iterable<?>) {
+            Iterator<?> iterator = ((Iterable<?>) value).iterator();
+            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                result.append(key);
+                result.append("[]=");
+                Object element = iterator.next();
+                if (element != null)
+                    result.append(element);
+                if (iterator.hasNext())
+                    result.append("&");
+            }
+        } else {
+            result.append(key);
+            result.append("=");
+            if (value != null)
+                result.append(value);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Specify the {@link ConnectionFactory} used to create new requests.
+     */
+    public static void setConnectionFactory(final ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
+        if (connectionFactory == null)
+            CONNECTION_FACTORY = ConnectionFactory.DEFAULT;
+        else
+            CONNECTION_FACTORY = connectionFactory;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents array of any type as list of objects so we can easily iterate over it
+     *
+     * @param array of elements
+     * @return list with the same elements
+     */
+    private static List<Object> arrayToList(final Object array) {
+        if (array instanceof Object[])
+            return Arrays.asList((Object[]) array);
+
+        List<Object> result = new ArrayList<Object>();
+        // Arrays of the primitive types can't be cast to array of Object, so this:
+        if (array instanceof int[])
+            for (int value : (int[]) array) result.add(value);
+        else if (array instanceof boolean[])
+            for (boolean value : (boolean[]) array) result.add(value);
+        else if (array instanceof long[])
+            for (long value : (long[]) array) result.add(value);
+        else if (array instanceof float[])
+            for (float value : (float[]) array) result.add(value);
+        else if (array instanceof double[])
+            for (double value : (double[]) array) result.add(value);
+        else if (array instanceof short[])
+            for (short value : (short[]) array) result.add(value);
+        else if (array instanceof byte[])
+            for (byte value : (byte[]) array) result.add(value);
+        else if (array instanceof char[])
+            for (char value : (char[]) array) result.add(value);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encode the given URL as an ASCII {@link String}
+     * <p>
+     * This method ensures the path and query segments of the URL are properly
+     * encoded such as ' ' characters being encoded to '%20' or any UTF-8
+     * characters that are non-ASCII. No encoding of URLs is done by default by
+     * the {@link HttpRequest} constructors and so if URL encoding is needed this
+     * method should be called before calling the {@link HttpRequest} constructor.
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return encoded URL
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static String encode(final CharSequence url)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        URL parsed;
+        try {
+            parsed = new URL(url.toString());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+
+        String host = parsed.getHost();
+        int port = parsed.getPort();
+        if (port != -1)
+            host = host + ':' + Integer.toString(port);
+
+        try {
+            String encoded = new URI(parsed.getProtocol(), host, parsed.getPath(),
+                    parsed.getQuery(), null).toASCIIString();
+            int paramsStart = encoded.indexOf('?');
+            if (paramsStart > 0 && paramsStart + 1 < encoded.length())
+                encoded = encoded.substring(0, paramsStart + 1)
+                        + encoded.substring(paramsStart + 1).replace("+", "%2B");
+            return encoded;
+        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+            IOException io = new IOException("Parsing URI failed");
+            io.initCause(e);
+            throw new HttpRequestException(io);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Append given map as query parameters to the base URL
+     * <p>
+     * Each map entry's key will be a parameter name and the value's
+     * {@link Object#toString()} will be the parameter value.
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @param params
+     * @return URL with appended query params
+     */
+    public static String append(final CharSequence url, final Map<?, ?> params) {
+        final String baseUrl = url.toString();
+        if (params == null || params.isEmpty())
+            return baseUrl;
+
+        final StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(baseUrl);
+
+        addPathSeparator(baseUrl, result);
+        addParamPrefix(baseUrl, result);
+
+        Entry<?, ?> entry;
+        Iterator<?> iterator = params.entrySet().iterator();
+        entry = (Entry<?, ?>) iterator.next();
+        addParam(entry.getKey().toString(), entry.getValue(), result);
+
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            result.append('&');
+            entry = (Entry<?, ?>) iterator.next();
+            addParam(entry.getKey().toString(), entry.getValue(), result);
+        }
+
+        return result.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Append given name/value pairs as query parameters to the base URL
+     * <p>
+     * The params argument is interpreted as a sequence of name/value pairs so the
+     * given number of params must be divisible by 2.
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @param params name/value pairs
+     * @return URL with appended query params
+     */
+    public static String append(final CharSequence url, final Object... params) {
+        final String baseUrl = url.toString();
+        if (params == null || params.length == 0)
+            return baseUrl;
+
+        if (params.length % 2 != 0)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Must specify an even number of parameter names/values");
+
+        final StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(baseUrl);
+
+        addPathSeparator(baseUrl, result);
+        addParamPrefix(baseUrl, result);
+
+        addParam(params[0], params[1], result);
+
+        for (int i = 2; i < params.length; i += 2) {
+            result.append('&');
+            addParam(params[i], params[i + 1], result);
+        }
+
+        return result.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'GET' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest get(final CharSequence url)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_GET);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'GET' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest get(final URL url) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_GET);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'GET' request to the given URL along with the query params
+     *
+     * @param baseUrl
+     * @param params  The query parameters to include as part of the baseUrl
+     * @param encode  true to encode the full URL
+     * @return request
+     * @see #append(CharSequence, Map)
+     * @see #encode(CharSequence)
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest get(final CharSequence baseUrl,
+                                  final Map<?, ?> params, final boolean encode) {
+        String url = append(baseUrl, params);
+        return get(encode ? encode(url) : url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'GET' request to the given URL along with the query params
+     *
+     * @param baseUrl
+     * @param encode  true to encode the full URL
+     * @param params  the name/value query parameter pairs to include as part of the
+     *                baseUrl
+     * @return request
+     * @see #append(CharSequence, Object...)
+     * @see #encode(CharSequence)
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest get(final CharSequence baseUrl,
+                                  final boolean encode, final Object... params) {
+        String url = append(baseUrl, params);
+        return get(encode ? encode(url) : url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'POST' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest post(final CharSequence url)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_POST);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'POST' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest post(final URL url) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_POST);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'POST' request to the given URL along with the query params
+     *
+     * @param baseUrl
+     * @param params  the query parameters to include as part of the baseUrl
+     * @param encode  true to encode the full URL
+     * @return request
+     * @see #append(CharSequence, Map)
+     * @see #encode(CharSequence)
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest post(final CharSequence baseUrl,
+                                   final Map<?, ?> params, final boolean encode) {
+        String url = append(baseUrl, params);
+        return post(encode ? encode(url) : url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'POST' request to the given URL along with the query params
+     *
+     * @param baseUrl
+     * @param encode  true to encode the full URL
+     * @param params  the name/value query parameter pairs to include as part of the
+     *                baseUrl
+     * @return request
+     * @see #append(CharSequence, Object...)
+     * @see #encode(CharSequence)
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest post(final CharSequence baseUrl,
+                                   final boolean encode, final Object... params) {
+        String url = append(baseUrl, params);
+        return post(encode ? encode(url) : url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'PUT' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest put(final CharSequence url)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_PUT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'PUT' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest put(final URL url) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_PUT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'PUT' request to the given URL along with the query params
+     *
+     * @param baseUrl
+     * @param params  the query parameters to include as part of the baseUrl
+     * @param encode  true to encode the full URL
+     * @return request
+     * @see #append(CharSequence, Map)
+     * @see #encode(CharSequence)
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest put(final CharSequence baseUrl,
+                                  final Map<?, ?> params, final boolean encode) {
+        String url = append(baseUrl, params);
+        return put(encode ? encode(url) : url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'PUT' request to the given URL along with the query params
+     *
+     * @param baseUrl
+     * @param encode  true to encode the full URL
+     * @param params  the name/value query parameter pairs to include as part of the
+     *                baseUrl
+     * @return request
+     * @see #append(CharSequence, Object...)
+     * @see #encode(CharSequence)
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest put(final CharSequence baseUrl,
+                                  final boolean encode, final Object... params) {
+        String url = append(baseUrl, params);
+        return put(encode ? encode(url) : url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'DELETE' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest delete(final CharSequence url)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_DELETE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'DELETE' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest delete(final URL url) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_DELETE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'DELETE' request to the given URL along with the query params
+     *
+     * @param baseUrl
+     * @param params  The query parameters to include as part of the baseUrl
+     * @param encode  true to encode the full URL
+     * @return request
+     * @see #append(CharSequence, Map)
+     * @see #encode(CharSequence)
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest delete(final CharSequence baseUrl,
+                                     final Map<?, ?> params, final boolean encode) {
+        String url = append(baseUrl, params);
+        return delete(encode ? encode(url) : url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'DELETE' request to the given URL along with the query params
+     *
+     * @param baseUrl
+     * @param encode  true to encode the full URL
+     * @param params  the name/value query parameter pairs to include as part of the
+     *                baseUrl
+     * @return request
+     * @see #append(CharSequence, Object...)
+     * @see #encode(CharSequence)
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest delete(final CharSequence baseUrl,
+                                     final boolean encode, final Object... params) {
+        String url = append(baseUrl, params);
+        return delete(encode ? encode(url) : url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'HEAD' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest head(final CharSequence url)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_HEAD);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'HEAD' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest head(final URL url) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_HEAD);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'HEAD' request to the given URL along with the query params
+     *
+     * @param baseUrl
+     * @param params  The query parameters to include as part of the baseUrl
+     * @param encode  true to encode the full URL
+     * @return request
+     * @see #append(CharSequence, Map)
+     * @see #encode(CharSequence)
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest head(final CharSequence baseUrl,
+                                   final Map<?, ?> params, final boolean encode) {
+        String url = append(baseUrl, params);
+        return head(encode ? encode(url) : url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'GET' request to the given URL along with the query params
+     *
+     * @param baseUrl
+     * @param encode  true to encode the full URL
+     * @param params  the name/value query parameter pairs to include as part of the
+     *                baseUrl
+     * @return request
+     * @see #append(CharSequence, Object...)
+     * @see #encode(CharSequence)
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest head(final CharSequence baseUrl,
+                                   final boolean encode, final Object... params) {
+        String url = append(baseUrl, params);
+        return head(encode ? encode(url) : url);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start an 'OPTIONS' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest options(final CharSequence url)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_OPTIONS);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start an 'OPTIONS' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest options(final URL url) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_OPTIONS);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'TRACE' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest trace(final CharSequence url)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_TRACE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start a 'TRACE' request to the given URL
+     *
+     * @param url
+     * @return request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public static HttpRequest trace(final URL url) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new HttpRequest(url, METHOD_TRACE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'http.keepAlive' property to the given value.
+     * <p>
+     * This setting will apply to all requests.
+     *
+     * @param keepAlive
+     */
+    public static void keepAlive(final boolean keepAlive) {
+        setProperty("http.keepAlive", Boolean.toString(keepAlive));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'http.maxConnections' property to the given value.
+     * <p>
+     * This setting will apply to all requests.
+     *
+     * @param maxConnections
+     */
+    public static void maxConnections(final int maxConnections) {
+        setProperty("http.maxConnections", Integer.toString(maxConnections));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'http.proxyHost' and 'https.proxyHost' properties to the given host
+     * value.
+     * <p>
+     * This setting will apply to all requests.
+     *
+     * @param host
+     */
+    public static void proxyHost(final String host) {
+        setProperty("http.proxyHost", host);
+        setProperty("https.proxyHost", host);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'http.proxyPort' and 'https.proxyPort' properties to the given port
+     * number.
+     * <p>
+     * This setting will apply to all requests.
+     *
+     * @param port
+     */
+    public static void proxyPort(final int port) {
+        final String portValue = Integer.toString(port);
+        setProperty("http.proxyPort", portValue);
+        setProperty("https.proxyPort", portValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'http.nonProxyHosts' property to the given host values.
+     * <p>
+     * Hosts will be separated by a '|' character.
+     * <p>
+     * This setting will apply to all requests.
+     *
+     * @param hosts
+     */
+    public static void nonProxyHosts(final String... hosts) {
+        if (hosts != null && hosts.length > 0) {
+            StringBuilder separated = new StringBuilder();
+            int last = hosts.length - 1;
+            for (int i = 0; i < last; i++)
+                separated.append(hosts[i]).append('|');
+            separated.append(hosts[last]);
+            setProperty("http.nonProxyHosts", separated.toString());
+        } else
+            setProperty("http.nonProxyHosts", null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set property to given value.
+     * <p>
+     * Specifying a null value will cause the property to be cleared
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param value
+     * @return previous value
+     */
+    private static String setProperty(final String name, final String value) {
+        final PrivilegedAction<String> action;
+        if (value != null)
+            action = new PrivilegedAction<String>() {
+
+                public String run() {
+                    return System.setProperty(name, value);
+                }
+            };
+        else
+            action = new PrivilegedAction<String>() {
+
+                public String run() {
+                    return System.clearProperty(name);
+                }
+            };
+        return AccessController.doPrivileged(action);
+    }
+
+    private Proxy createProxy() {
+        return new Proxy(HTTP, new InetSocketAddress(httpProxyHost, httpProxyPort));
+    }
+
+    private HttpURLConnection createConnection() {
+        try {
+            final HttpURLConnection connection;
+            if (httpProxyHost != null)
+                connection = CONNECTION_FACTORY.create(url, createProxy());
+            else
+                connection = CONNECTION_FACTORY.create(url);
+            connection.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
+            return connection;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return method() + ' ' + url();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get underlying connection
+     *
+     * @return connection
+     */
+    public HttpURLConnection getConnection() {
+        if (connection == null){
+            connection = createConnection();
+            if(DEBUG){
+                Log.e(TAG, "----------getConnection------createConnection---->>>>" + connection);
+            }
+        }
+        if(DEBUG){
+            Log.e(TAG, "----------getConnection-------->>>>" + connection);
+        }
+        return connection;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set whether or not to ignore exceptions that occur from calling
+     * {@link Closeable#close()}
+     * <p>
+     * The default value of this setting is <code>true</code>
+     *
+     * @param ignore
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest ignoreCloseExceptions(final boolean ignore) {
+        ignoreCloseExceptions = ignore;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get whether or not exceptions thrown by {@link Closeable#close()} are
+     * ignored
+     *
+     * @return true if ignoring, false if throwing
+     */
+    public boolean ignoreCloseExceptions() {
+        return ignoreCloseExceptions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the status code of the response
+     *
+     * @return the response code
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public int code() throws HttpRequestException {
+        try {
+            closeOutput();
+            return getConnection().getResponseCode();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the value of the given {@link AtomicInteger} to the status code of the
+     * response
+     *
+     * @param output
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest code(final AtomicInteger output)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        output.set(code());
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is the response code a 200 OK?
+     *
+     * @return true if 200, false otherwise
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public boolean ok() throws HttpRequestException {
+        return HTTP_OK == code();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is the response code a 201 Created?
+     *
+     * @return true if 201, false otherwise
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public boolean created() throws HttpRequestException {
+        return HTTP_CREATED == code();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is the response code a 204 No Content?
+     *
+     * @return true if 204, false otherwise
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public boolean noContent() throws HttpRequestException {
+        return HTTP_NO_CONTENT == code();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is the response code a 500 Internal Server Error?
+     *
+     * @return true if 500, false otherwise
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public boolean serverError() throws HttpRequestException {
+        return HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR == code();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is the response code a 400 Bad Request?
+     *
+     * @return true if 400, false otherwise
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public boolean badRequest() throws HttpRequestException {
+        return HTTP_BAD_REQUEST == code();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is the response code a 404 Not Found?
+     *
+     * @return true if 404, false otherwise
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public boolean notFound() throws HttpRequestException {
+        return HTTP_NOT_FOUND == code();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is the response code a 304 Not Modified?
+     *
+     * @return true if 304, false otherwise
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public boolean notModified() throws HttpRequestException {
+        return HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED == code();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get status message of the response
+     *
+     * @return message
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public String message() throws HttpRequestException {
+        try {
+            closeOutput();
+            return getConnection().getResponseMessage();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect the connection
+     *
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest disconnect() {
+        getConnection().disconnect();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set chunked streaming mode to the given size
+     *
+     * @param size
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest chunk(final int size) {
+        getConnection().setChunkedStreamingMode(size);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the size used when buffering and copying between streams
+     * <p>
+     * This size is also used for send and receive buffers created for both char
+     * and byte arrays
+     * <p>
+     * The default buffer size is 8,192 bytes
+     *
+     * @param size
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest bufferSize(final int size) {
+        if (size < 1)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Size must be greater than zero");
+        bufferSize = size;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the configured buffer size
+     * <p>
+     * The default buffer size is 8,192 bytes
+     *
+     * @return buffer size
+     */
+    public int bufferSize() {
+        return bufferSize;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set whether or not the response body should be automatically uncompressed
+     * when read from.
+     * <p>
+     * This will only affect requests that have the 'Content-Encoding' response
+     * header set to 'gzip'.
+     * <p>
+     * This causes all receive methods to use a {@link GZIPInputStream} when
+     * applicable so that higher level streams and readers can read the data
+     * uncompressed.
+     * <p>
+     * Setting this option does not cause any request headers to be set
+     * automatically so {@link #acceptGzipEncoding()} should be used in
+     * conjunction with this setting to tell the server to gzip the response.
+     *
+     * @param uncompress
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest uncompress(final boolean uncompress) {
+        this.uncompress = uncompress;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create byte array output stream
+     *
+     * @return stream
+     */
+    protected ByteArrayOutputStream byteStream() {
+        final int size = contentLength();
+        if (size > 0)
+            return new ByteArrayOutputStream(size);
+        else
+            return new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get response as {@link String} in given character set
+     * <p>
+     * This will fall back to using the UTF-8 character set if the given charset
+     * is null
+     *
+     * @param charset
+     * @return string
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public String body(final String charset) throws HttpRequestException {
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream output = byteStream();
+        try {
+            copy(buffer(), output);
+            return output.toString(getValidCharset(charset));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get response as {@link String} using character set returned from
+     * {@link #charset()}
+     *
+     * @return string
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public String body() throws HttpRequestException {
+        return body(charset());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the response body as a {@link String} and set it as the value of the
+     * given reference.
+     *
+     * @param output
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest body(final AtomicReference<String> output) throws HttpRequestException {
+        output.set(body());
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the response body as a {@link String} and set it as the value of the
+     * given reference.
+     *
+     * @param output
+     * @param charset
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest body(final AtomicReference<String> output, final String charset) throws HttpRequestException {
+        output.set(body(charset));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is the response body empty?
+     *
+     * @return true if the Content-Length response header is 0, false otherwise
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public boolean isBodyEmpty() throws HttpRequestException {
+        return contentLength() == 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get response as byte array
+     *
+     * @return byte array
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public byte[] bytes() throws HttpRequestException {
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream output = byteStream();
+        try {
+            copy(buffer(), output);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+        return output.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get response in a buffered stream
+     *
+     * @return stream
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     * @see #bufferSize(int)
+     */
+    public BufferedInputStream buffer() throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new BufferedInputStream(stream(), bufferSize);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get stream to response body
+     *
+     * @return stream
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public InputStream stream() throws HttpRequestException {
+        InputStream stream;
+        if (code() < HTTP_BAD_REQUEST)
+            try {
+                stream = getConnection().getInputStream();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+            }
+        else {
+            stream = getConnection().getErrorStream();
+            if (stream == null)
+                try {
+                    stream = getConnection().getInputStream();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (contentLength() > 0)
+                        throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+                    else
+                        stream = new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!uncompress || !ENCODING_GZIP.equals(contentEncoding()))
+            return stream;
+        else
+            try {
+                return new GZIPInputStream(stream);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+            }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get reader to response body using given character set.
+     * <p>
+     * This will fall back to using the UTF-8 character set if the given charset
+     * is null
+     *
+     * @param charset
+     * @return reader
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public InputStreamReader reader(final String charset)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        try {
+            return new InputStreamReader(stream(), getValidCharset(charset));
+        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get reader to response body using the character set returned from
+     * {@link #charset()}
+     *
+     * @return reader
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public InputStreamReader reader() throws HttpRequestException {
+        return reader(charset());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get buffered reader to response body using the given character set r and
+     * the configured buffer size
+     *
+     * @param charset
+     * @return reader
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     * @see #bufferSize(int)
+     */
+    public BufferedReader bufferedReader(final String charset)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return new BufferedReader(reader(charset), bufferSize);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get buffered reader to response body using the character set returned from
+     * {@link #charset()} and the configured buffer size
+     *
+     * @return reader
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     * @see #bufferSize(int)
+     */
+    public BufferedReader bufferedReader() throws HttpRequestException {
+        return bufferedReader(charset());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stream response body to file
+     *
+     * @param file
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest receive(final File file) throws HttpRequestException {
+        final OutputStream output;
+        try {
+            output = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file), bufferSize);
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+        return new CloseOperation<HttpRequest>(output, ignoreCloseExceptions) {
+
+            @Override
+            protected HttpRequest run() throws HttpRequestException, IOException {
+                return receive(output);
+            }
+        }.call();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stream response to given output stream
+     *
+     * @param output
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest receive(final OutputStream output)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        try {
+            return copy(buffer(), output);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stream response to given print stream
+     *
+     * @param output
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest receive(final PrintStream output)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return receive((OutputStream) output);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Receive response into the given appendable
+     *
+     * @param appendable
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest receive(final Appendable appendable)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        final BufferedReader reader = bufferedReader();
+        return new CloseOperation<HttpRequest>(reader, ignoreCloseExceptions) {
+
+            @Override
+            public HttpRequest run() throws IOException {
+                final CharBuffer buffer = CharBuffer.allocate(bufferSize);
+                int read;
+                while ((read = reader.read(buffer)) != -1) {
+                    buffer.rewind();
+                    appendable.append(buffer, 0, read);
+                    buffer.rewind();
+                }
+                return HttpRequest.this;
+            }
+        }.call();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Receive response into the given writer
+     *
+     * @param writer
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest receive(final Writer writer) throws HttpRequestException {
+        final BufferedReader reader = bufferedReader();
+        return new CloseOperation<HttpRequest>(reader, ignoreCloseExceptions) {
+
+            @Override
+            public HttpRequest run() throws IOException {
+                return copy(reader, writer);
+            }
+        }.call();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set read timeout on connection to given value
+     *
+     * @param timeout
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest readTimeout(final int timeout) {
+        getConnection().setReadTimeout(timeout);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set connect timeout on connection to given value
+     *
+     * @param timeout
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest connectTimeout(final int timeout) {
+        getConnection().setConnectTimeout(timeout);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set header name to given value
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param value
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest header(final String name, final String value) {
+        getConnection().setRequestProperty(name, value);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set header name to given value
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param value
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest header(final String name, final Number value) {
+        return header(name, value != null ? value.toString() : null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set all headers found in given map where the keys are the header names and
+     * the values are the header values
+     *
+     * @param headers
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest headers(final Map<String, String> headers) {
+        if (!headers.isEmpty())
+            for (Entry<String, String> header : headers.entrySet())
+                header(header);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set header to have given entry's key as the name and value as the value
+     *
+     * @param header
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest header(final Entry<String, String> header) {
+        return header(header.getKey(), header.getValue());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a response header
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @return response header
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public String header(final String name) throws HttpRequestException {
+        closeOutputQuietly();
+        return getConnection().getHeaderField(name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the response headers
+     *
+     * @return map of response header names to their value(s)
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<String>> headers() throws HttpRequestException {
+        closeOutputQuietly();
+        return getConnection().getHeaderFields();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a date header from the response falling back to returning -1 if the
+     * header is missing or parsing fails
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @return date, -1 on failures
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public long dateHeader(final String name) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return dateHeader(name, -1L);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a date header from the response falling back to returning the given
+     * default value if the header is missing or parsing fails
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param defaultValue
+     * @return date, default value on failures
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public long dateHeader(final String name, final long defaultValue)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        closeOutputQuietly();
+        return getConnection().getHeaderFieldDate(name, defaultValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an integer header from the response falling back to returning -1 if the
+     * header is missing or parsing fails
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @return header value as an integer, -1 when missing or parsing fails
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public int intHeader(final String name) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return intHeader(name, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an integer header value from the response falling back to the given
+     * default value if the header is missing or if parsing fails
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param defaultValue
+     * @return header value as an integer, default value when missing or parsing
+     * fails
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public int intHeader(final String name, final int defaultValue)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        closeOutputQuietly();
+        return getConnection().getHeaderFieldInt(name, defaultValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all values of the given header from the response
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @return non-null but possibly empty array of {@link String} header values
+     */
+    public String[] headers(final String name) {
+        final Map<String, List<String>> headers = headers();
+        if (headers == null || headers.isEmpty())
+            return EMPTY_STRINGS;
+
+        final List<String> values = headers.get(name);
+        if (values != null && !values.isEmpty())
+            return values.toArray(new String[values.size()]);
+        else
+            return EMPTY_STRINGS;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get parameter with given name from header value in response
+     *
+     * @param headerName
+     * @param paramName
+     * @return parameter value or null if missing
+     */
+    public String parameter(final String headerName, final String paramName) {
+        return getParam(header(headerName), paramName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all parameters from header value in response
+     * <p>
+     * This will be all key=value pairs after the first ';' that are separated by
+     * a ';'
+     *
+     * @param headerName
+     * @return non-null but possibly empty map of parameter headers
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> parameters(final String headerName) {
+        return getParams(header(headerName));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get parameter values from header value
+     *
+     * @param header
+     * @return parameter value or null if none
+     */
+    protected Map<String, String> getParams(final String header) {
+        if (header == null || header.length() == 0)
+            return Collections.emptyMap();
+
+        final int headerLength = header.length();
+        int start = header.indexOf(';') + 1;
+        if (start == 0 || start == headerLength)
+            return Collections.emptyMap();
+
+        int end = header.indexOf(';', start);
+        if (end == -1)
+            end = headerLength;
+
+        Map<String, String> params = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+        while (start < end) {
+            int nameEnd = header.indexOf('=', start);
+            if (nameEnd != -1 && nameEnd < end) {
+                String name = header.substring(start, nameEnd).trim();
+                if (name.length() > 0) {
+                    String value = header.substring(nameEnd + 1, end).trim();
+                    int length = value.length();
+                    if (length != 0)
+                        if (length > 2 && '"' == value.charAt(0)
+                                && '"' == value.charAt(length - 1))
+                            params.put(name, value.substring(1, length - 1));
+                        else
+                            params.put(name, value);
+                }
+            }
+
+            start = end + 1;
+            end = header.indexOf(';', start);
+            if (end == -1)
+                end = headerLength;
+        }
+
+        return params;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get parameter value from header value
+     *
+     * @param value
+     * @param paramName
+     * @return parameter value or null if none
+     */
+    protected String getParam(final String value, final String paramName) {
+        if (value == null || value.length() == 0)
+            return null;
+
+        final int length = value.length();
+        int start = value.indexOf(';') + 1;
+        if (start == 0 || start == length)
+            return null;
+
+        int end = value.indexOf(';', start);
+        if (end == -1)
+            end = length;
+
+        while (start < end) {
+            int nameEnd = value.indexOf('=', start);
+            if (nameEnd != -1 && nameEnd < end
+                    && paramName.equals(value.substring(start, nameEnd).trim())) {
+                String paramValue = value.substring(nameEnd + 1, end).trim();
+                int valueLength = paramValue.length();
+                if (valueLength != 0)
+                    if (valueLength > 2 && '"' == paramValue.charAt(0)
+                            && '"' == paramValue.charAt(valueLength - 1))
+                        return paramValue.substring(1, valueLength - 1);
+                    else
+                        return paramValue;
+            }
+
+            start = end + 1;
+            end = value.indexOf(';', start);
+            if (end == -1)
+                end = length;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get 'charset' parameter from 'Content-Type' response header
+     *
+     * @return charset or null if none
+     */
+    public String charset() {
+        return parameter(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, PARAM_CHARSET);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'User-Agent' header to given value
+     *
+     * @param userAgent
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest userAgent(final String userAgent) {
+        return header(HEADER_USER_AGENT, userAgent);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Referer' header to given value
+     *
+     * @param referer
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest referer(final String referer) {
+        return header(HEADER_REFERER, referer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set value of {@link HttpURLConnection#setUseCaches(boolean)}
+     *
+     * @param useCaches
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest useCaches(final boolean useCaches) {
+        getConnection().setUseCaches(useCaches);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Accept-Encoding' header to given value
+     *
+     * @param acceptEncoding
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest acceptEncoding(final String acceptEncoding) {
+        return header(HEADER_ACCEPT_ENCODING, acceptEncoding);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Accept-Encoding' header to 'gzip'
+     *
+     * @return this request
+     * @see #uncompress(boolean)
+     */
+    public HttpRequest acceptGzipEncoding() {
+        return acceptEncoding(ENCODING_GZIP);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Accept-Charset' header to given value
+     *
+     * @param acceptCharset
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest acceptCharset(final String acceptCharset) {
+        return header(HEADER_ACCEPT_CHARSET, acceptCharset);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the 'Content-Encoding' header from the response
+     *
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public String contentEncoding() {
+        return header(HEADER_CONTENT_ENCODING);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the 'Server' header from the response
+     *
+     * @return server
+     */
+    public String server() {
+        return header(HEADER_SERVER);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the 'Date' header from the response
+     *
+     * @return date value, -1 on failures
+     */
+    public long date() {
+        return dateHeader(HEADER_DATE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the 'Cache-Control' header from the response
+     *
+     * @return cache control
+     */
+    public String cacheControl() {
+        return header(HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the 'ETag' header from the response
+     *
+     * @return entity tag
+     */
+    public String eTag() {
+        return header(HEADER_ETAG);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the 'Expires' header from the response
+     *
+     * @return expires value, -1 on failures
+     */
+    public long expires() {
+        return dateHeader(HEADER_EXPIRES);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the 'Last-Modified' header from the response
+     *
+     * @return last modified value, -1 on failures
+     */
+    public long lastModified() {
+        return dateHeader(HEADER_LAST_MODIFIED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the 'Location' header from the response
+     *
+     * @return location
+     */
+    public String location() {
+        return header(HEADER_LOCATION);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Authorization' header to given value
+     *
+     * @param authorization
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest authorization(final String authorization) {
+        return header(HEADER_AUTHORIZATION, authorization);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Proxy-Authorization' header to given value
+     *
+     * @param proxyAuthorization
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest proxyAuthorization(final String proxyAuthorization) {
+        return header(HEADER_PROXY_AUTHORIZATION, proxyAuthorization);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Authorization' header to given values in Basic authentication
+     * format
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param password
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest basic(final String name, final String password) {
+        return authorization("Basic " + Base64.encode(name + ':' + password));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Proxy-Authorization' header to given values in Basic authentication
+     * format
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param password
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest proxyBasic(final String name, final String password) {
+        return proxyAuthorization("Basic " + Base64.encode(name + ':' + password));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'If-Modified-Since' request header to the given value
+     *
+     * @param ifModifiedSince
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest ifModifiedSince(final long ifModifiedSince) {
+        getConnection().setIfModifiedSince(ifModifiedSince);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'If-None-Match' request header to the given value
+     *
+     * @param ifNoneMatch
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest ifNoneMatch(final String ifNoneMatch) {
+        return header(HEADER_IF_NONE_MATCH, ifNoneMatch);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Content-Type' request header to the given value
+     *
+     * @param contentType
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest contentType(final String contentType) {
+        return contentType(contentType, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Content-Type' request header to the given value and charset
+     *
+     * @param contentType
+     * @param charset
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest contentType(final String contentType, final String charset) {
+        if (charset != null && charset.length() > 0) {
+            final String separator = "; " + PARAM_CHARSET + '=';
+            return header(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, contentType + separator + charset);
+        } else
+            return header(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, contentType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the 'Content-Type' header from the response
+     *
+     * @return response header value
+     */
+    public String contentType() {
+        return header(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the 'Content-Length' header from the response
+     *
+     * @return response header value
+     */
+    public int contentLength() {
+        return intHeader(HEADER_CONTENT_LENGTH);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Content-Length' request header to the given value
+     *
+     * @param contentLength
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest contentLength(final String contentLength) {
+        return contentLength(Integer.parseInt(contentLength));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Content-Length' request header to the given value
+     *
+     * @param contentLength
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest contentLength(final int contentLength) {
+        getConnection().setFixedLengthStreamingMode(contentLength);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Accept' header to given value
+     *
+     * @param accept
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest accept(final String accept) {
+        return header(HEADER_ACCEPT, accept);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the 'Accept' header to 'application/json'
+     *
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest acceptJson() {
+        return accept(CONTENT_TYPE_JSON);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copy from input stream to output stream
+     *
+     * @param input
+     * @param output
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    protected HttpRequest copy(final InputStream input, final OutputStream output)
+            throws IOException {
+        return new CloseOperation<HttpRequest>(input, ignoreCloseExceptions) {
+
+            @Override
+            public HttpRequest run() throws IOException {
+                final byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
+                int read;
+                while ((read = input.read(buffer)) != -1) {
+                    output.write(buffer, 0, read);
+                    totalWritten += read;
+                    progress.onUpload(totalWritten, totalSize);
+                }
+                return HttpRequest.this;
+            }
+        }.call();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copy from reader to writer
+     *
+     * @param input
+     * @param output
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    protected HttpRequest copy(final Reader input, final Writer output)
+            throws IOException {
+        return new CloseOperation<HttpRequest>(input, ignoreCloseExceptions) {
+
+            @Override
+            public HttpRequest run() throws IOException {
+                final char[] buffer = new char[bufferSize];
+                int read;
+                while ((read = input.read(buffer)) != -1) {
+                    output.write(buffer, 0, read);
+                    totalWritten += read;
+                    progress.onUpload(totalWritten, -1);
+                }
+                return HttpRequest.this;
+            }
+        }.call();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the UploadProgress callback for this request
+     *
+     * @param callback
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest progress(final UploadProgress callback) {
+        if (callback == null)
+            progress = UploadProgress.DEFAULT;
+        else
+            progress = callback;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public HttpRequest incrementTotalSize(final long size) {
+        if (totalSize == -1)
+            totalSize = 0;
+        totalSize += size;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close output stream
+     *
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    protected HttpRequest closeOutput() throws IOException {
+        if (output == null)
+            return this;
+        if (multipart)
+            output.write(CRLF + "--" + BOUNDARY + "--" + CRLF);
+        if (ignoreCloseExceptions)
+            try {
+                output.close();
+            } catch (IOException ignored) {
+                // Ignored
+            }
+        else
+            output.close();
+        output = null;
+        //liulipeng
+        progress(null);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call {@link #closeOutput()} and re-throw a caught {@link IOException}s as
+     * an {@link HttpRequestException}
+     *
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    protected HttpRequest closeOutputQuietly() throws HttpRequestException {
+        try {
+            return closeOutput();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Open output stream
+     *
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    protected HttpRequest openOutput() throws IOException {
+        if (output != null)
+            return this;
+        getConnection().setDoOutput(true);
+        final String charset = getParam(
+                getConnection().getRequestProperty(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE), PARAM_CHARSET);
+        output = new RequestOutputStream(getConnection().getOutputStream(), charset,
+                bufferSize);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start part of a multipart
+     *
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    protected HttpRequest startPart() throws IOException {
+        if (!multipart) {
+            multipart = true;
+            contentType(CONTENT_TYPE_MULTIPART).openOutput();
+            output.write("--" + BOUNDARY + CRLF);
+        } else
+            output.write(CRLF + "--" + BOUNDARY + CRLF);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write part header
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param filename
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    protected HttpRequest writePartHeader(final String name, final String filename)
+            throws IOException {
+        return writePartHeader(name, filename, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write part header
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param filename
+     * @param contentType
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    protected HttpRequest writePartHeader(final String name,
+                                          final String filename, final String contentType) throws IOException {
+        final StringBuilder partBuffer = new StringBuilder();
+        partBuffer.append("form-data; name=\"").append(name);
+        if (filename != null)
+            partBuffer.append("\"; filename=\"").append(filename);
+        partBuffer.append('"');
+        partHeader("Content-Disposition", partBuffer.toString());
+        if (contentType != null)
+            partHeader(HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE, contentType);
+        return send(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write part of a multipart request to the request body
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param part
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest part(final String name, final String part) {
+        return part(name, null, part);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write part of a multipart request to the request body
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param filename
+     * @param part
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest part(final String name, final String filename,
+                            final String part) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return part(name, filename, null, part);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write part of a multipart request to the request body
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param filename
+     * @param contentType value of the Content-Type part header
+     * @param part
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest part(final String name, final String filename,
+                            final String contentType, final String part) throws HttpRequestException {
+        try {
+            startPart();
+            writePartHeader(name, filename, contentType);
+            output.write(part);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write part of a multipart request to the request body
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param part
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest part(final String name, final Number part)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return part(name, null, part);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write part of a multipart request to the request body
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param filename
+     * @param part
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest part(final String name, final String filename,
+                            final Number part) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return part(name, filename, part != null ? part.toString() : null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write part of a multipart request to the request body
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param part
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest part(final String name, final File part)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return part(name, null, part);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write part of a multipart request to the request body
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param filename
+     * @param part
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest part(final String name, final String filename,
+                            final File part) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return part(name, filename, null, part);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write part of a multipart request to the request body
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param filename
+     * @param contentType value of the Content-Type part header
+     * @param part
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest part(final String name, final String filename,
+                            final String contentType, final File part) throws HttpRequestException {
+        final InputStream stream;
+        try {
+            stream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(part));
+            incrementTotalSize(part.length());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+        return part(name, filename, contentType, stream);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write part of a multipart request to the request body
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param part
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest part(final String name, final InputStream part)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return part(name, null, null, part);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write part of a multipart request to the request body
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param filename
+     * @param contentType value of the Content-Type part header
+     * @param part
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest part(final String name, final String filename,
+                            final String contentType, final InputStream part)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        try {
+            startPart();
+            writePartHeader(name, filename, contentType);
+            copy(part, output);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a multipart header to the response body
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param value
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest partHeader(final String name, final String value)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return send(name).send(": ").send(value).send(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write contents of file to request body
+     *
+     * @param input
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest send(final File input) throws HttpRequestException {
+        final InputStream stream;
+        try {
+            stream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(input));
+            incrementTotalSize(input.length());
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+        return send(stream);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write byte array to request body
+     *
+     * @param input
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest send(final byte[] input) throws HttpRequestException {
+        if (input != null)
+            incrementTotalSize(input.length);
+        return send(new ByteArrayInputStream(input));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write stream to request body
+     * <p>
+     * The given stream will be closed once sending completes
+     *
+     * @param input
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest send(final InputStream input) throws HttpRequestException {
+        try {
+            openOutput();
+            copy(input, output);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write reader to request body
+     * <p>
+     * The given reader will be closed once sending completes
+     *
+     * @param input
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest send(final Reader input) throws HttpRequestException {
+        try {
+            openOutput();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+        final Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(output,
+                output.encoder.charset());
+        return new FlushOperation<HttpRequest>(writer) {
+
+            @Override
+            protected HttpRequest run() throws IOException {
+                return copy(input, writer);
+            }
+        }.call();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write char sequence to request body
+     * <p>
+     * The charset configured via {@link #contentType(String)} will be used and
+     * UTF-8 will be used if it is unset.
+     *
+     * @param value
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest send(final CharSequence value) throws HttpRequestException {
+        try {
+            openOutput();
+            output.write(value.toString());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create writer to request output stream
+     *
+     * @return writer
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public OutputStreamWriter writer() throws HttpRequestException {
+        try {
+            openOutput();
+            return new OutputStreamWriter(output, output.encoder.charset());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write the values in the map as form data to the request body
+     * <p>
+     * The pairs specified will be URL-encoded in UTF-8 and sent with the
+     * 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content-type
+     *
+     * @param values
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest form(final Map<?, ?> values) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return form(values, CHARSET_UTF8);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write the key and value in the entry as form data to the request body
+     * <p>
+     * The pair specified will be URL-encoded in UTF-8 and sent with the
+     * 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content-type
+     *
+     * @param entry
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest form(final Entry<?, ?> entry) throws HttpRequestException {
+        return form(entry, CHARSET_UTF8);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write the key and value in the entry as form data to the request body
+     * <p>
+     * The pair specified will be URL-encoded and sent with the
+     * 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content-type
+     *
+     * @param entry
+     * @param charset
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest form(final Entry<?, ?> entry, final String charset)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return form(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(), charset);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write the name/value pair as form data to the request body
+     * <p>
+     * The pair specified will be URL-encoded in UTF-8 and sent with the
+     * 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content-type
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param value
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest form(final Object name, final Object value)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        return form(name, value, CHARSET_UTF8);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write the name/value pair as form data to the request body
+     * <p>
+     * The values specified will be URL-encoded and sent with the
+     * 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content-type
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @param value
+     * @param charset
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest form(final Object name, final Object value, String charset)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        final boolean first = !form;
+        if (first) {
+            contentType(CONTENT_TYPE_FORM, charset);
+            form = true;
+        }
+        charset = getValidCharset(charset);
+        try {
+            openOutput();
+            if (!first)
+                output.write('&');
+            output.write(URLEncoder.encode(name.toString(), charset));
+            output.write('=');
+            if (value != null)
+                output.write(URLEncoder.encode(value.toString(), charset));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write the values in the map as encoded form data to the request body
+     *
+     * @param values
+     * @param charset
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest form(final Map<?, ?> values, final String charset)
+            throws HttpRequestException {
+        if (!values.isEmpty())
+            for (Entry<?, ?> entry : values.entrySet())
+                form(entry, charset);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Configure HTTPS connection to trust all certificates
+     * <p>
+     * This method does nothing if the current request is not a HTTPS request
+     *
+     * @return this request
+     * @throws HttpRequestException
+     */
+    public HttpRequest trustAllCerts() throws HttpRequestException {
+        final HttpURLConnection connection = getConnection();
+        if (connection instanceof HttpsURLConnection)
+            ((HttpsURLConnection) connection)
+                    .setSSLSocketFactory(getTrustedFactory());
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Configure HTTPS connection to trust all hosts using a custom
+     * {@link HostnameVerifier} that always returns <code>true</code> for each
+     * host verified
+     * <p>
+     * This method does nothing if the current request is not a HTTPS request
+     *
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest trustAllHosts() {
+        final HttpURLConnection connection = getConnection();
+        if (connection instanceof HttpsURLConnection)
+            ((HttpsURLConnection) connection)
+                    .setHostnameVerifier(getTrustedVerifier());
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the {@link URL} of this request's connection
+     *
+     * @return request URL
+     */
+    public URL url() {
+        return getConnection().getURL();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the HTTP method of this request
+     *
+     * @return method
+     */
+    public String method() {
+        return getConnection().getRequestMethod();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Configure an HTTP proxy on this connection. Use {{@link #proxyBasic(String, String)} if
+     * this proxy requires basic authentication.
+     *
+     * @param proxyHost
+     * @param proxyPort
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest useProxy(final String proxyHost, final int proxyPort) {
+        if (connection != null)
+            throw new IllegalStateException("The connection has already been created. This method must be called before reading or writing to the request.");
+
+        this.httpProxyHost = proxyHost;
+        this.httpProxyPort = proxyPort;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set whether or not the underlying connection should follow redirects in
+     * the response.
+     *
+     * @param followRedirects - true fo follow redirects, false to not.
+     * @return this request
+     */
+    public HttpRequest followRedirects(final boolean followRedirects) {
+        getConnection().setInstanceFollowRedirects(followRedirects);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates {@link HttpURLConnection HTTP connections} for
+     * {@link URL urls}.
+     */
+    public interface ConnectionFactory {
+        /**
+         * A {@link ConnectionFactory} which uses the built-in
+         * {@link URL#openConnection()}
+         */
+        ConnectionFactory DEFAULT = new ConnectionFactory() {
+            public HttpURLConnection create(URL url) throws IOException {
+                return (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
+            }
+
+            public HttpURLConnection create(URL url, Proxy proxy) throws IOException {
+                return (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Open an {@link HttpURLConnection} for the specified {@link URL}.
+         *
+         * @throws IOException
+         */
+        HttpURLConnection create(URL url) throws IOException;
+
+        /**
+         * Open an {@link HttpURLConnection} for the specified {@link URL}
+         * and {@link Proxy}.
+         *
+         * @throws IOException
+         */
+        HttpURLConnection create(URL url, Proxy proxy) throws IOException;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback interface for reporting upload progress for a request.
+     */
+    public interface UploadProgress {
+        UploadProgress DEFAULT = new UploadProgress() {
+            public void onUpload(long uploaded, long total) {
+            }
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Callback invoked as data is uploaded by the request.
+         *
+         * @param uploaded The number of bytes already uploaded
+         * @param total    The total number of bytes that will be uploaded or -1 if
+         *                 the length is unknown.
+         */
+        void onUpload(long uploaded, long total);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Encodes and decodes to and from Base64 notation.
+     * </p>
+     * <p>
+     * I am placing this code in the Public Domain. Do with it as you will. This
+     * software comes with no guarantees or warranties but with plenty of
+     * well-wishing instead! Please visit <a
+     * href="http://iharder.net/base64">http://iharder.net/base64</a> periodically
+     * to check for updates or to contribute improvements.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @author Robert Harder
+     * @author rob@iharder.net
+     * @version 2.3.7
+     */
+    public static class Base64 {
+
+        /**
+         * The equals sign (=) as a byte.
+         */
+        private final static byte EQUALS_SIGN = (byte) '=';
+
+        /**
+         * Preferred encoding.
+         */
+        private final static String PREFERRED_ENCODING = "US-ASCII";
+
+        /**
+         * The 64 valid Base64 values.
+         */
+        private final static byte[] _STANDARD_ALPHABET = {(byte) 'A', (byte) 'B',
+                (byte) 'C', (byte) 'D', (byte) 'E', (byte) 'F', (byte) 'G', (byte) 'H',
+                (byte) 'I', (byte) 'J', (byte) 'K', (byte) 'L', (byte) 'M', (byte) 'N',
+                (byte) 'O', (byte) 'P', (byte) 'Q', (byte) 'R', (byte) 'S', (byte) 'T',
+                (byte) 'U', (byte) 'V', (byte) 'W', (byte) 'X', (byte) 'Y', (byte) 'Z',
+                (byte) 'a', (byte) 'b', (byte) 'c', (byte) 'd', (byte) 'e', (byte) 'f',
+                (byte) 'g', (byte) 'h', (byte) 'i', (byte) 'j', (byte) 'k', (byte) 'l',
+                (byte) 'm', (byte) 'n', (byte) 'o', (byte) 'p', (byte) 'q', (byte) 'r',
+                (byte) 's', (byte) 't', (byte) 'u', (byte) 'v', (byte) 'w', (byte) 'x',
+                (byte) 'y', (byte) 'z', (byte) '0', (byte) '1', (byte) '2', (byte) '3',
+                (byte) '4', (byte) '5', (byte) '6', (byte) '7', (byte) '8', (byte) '9',
+                (byte) '+', (byte) '/'};
+
+        /**
+         * Defeats instantiation.
+         */
+        private Base64() {
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * <p>
+         * Encodes up to three bytes of the array <var>source</var> and writes the
+         * resulting four Base64 bytes to <var>destination</var>. The source and
+         * destination arrays can be manipulated anywhere along their length by
+         * specifying <var>srcOffset</var> and <var>destOffset</var>. This method
+         * does not check to make sure your arrays are large enough to accomodate
+         * <var>srcOffset</var> + 3 for the <var>source</var> array or
+         * <var>destOffset</var> + 4 for the <var>destination</var> array. The
+         * actual number of significant bytes in your array is given by
+         * <var>numSigBytes</var>.
+         * </p>
+         * <p>
+         * This is the lowest level of the encoding methods with all possible
+         * parameters.
+         * </p>
+         *
+         * @param source      the array to convert
+         * @param srcOffset   the index where conversion begins
+         * @param numSigBytes the number of significant bytes in your array
+         * @param destination the array to hold the conversion
+         * @param destOffset  the index where output will be put
+         * @return the <var>destination</var> array
+         * @since 1.3
+         */
+        private static byte[] encode3to4(byte[] source, int srcOffset,
+                                         int numSigBytes, byte[] destination, int destOffset) {
+
+            byte[] ALPHABET = _STANDARD_ALPHABET;
+
+            int inBuff = (numSigBytes > 0 ? ((source[srcOffset] << 24) >>> 8) : 0)
+                    | (numSigBytes > 1 ? ((source[srcOffset + 1] << 24) >>> 16) : 0)
+                    | (numSigBytes > 2 ? ((source[srcOffset + 2] << 24) >>> 24) : 0);
+
+            switch (numSigBytes) {
+                case 3:
+                    destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 18)];
+                    destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f];
+                    destination[destOffset + 2] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 6) & 0x3f];
+                    destination[destOffset + 3] = ALPHABET[(inBuff) & 0x3f];
+                    return destination;
+
+                case 2:
+                    destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 18)];
+                    destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f];
+                    destination[destOffset + 2] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 6) & 0x3f];
+                    destination[destOffset + 3] = EQUALS_SIGN;
+                    return destination;
+
+                case 1:
+                    destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 18)];
+                    destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[(inBuff >>> 12) & 0x3f];
+                    destination[destOffset + 2] = EQUALS_SIGN;
+                    destination[destOffset + 3] = EQUALS_SIGN;
+                    return destination;
+
+                default:
+                    return destination;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Encode string as a byte array in Base64 annotation.
+         *
+         * @param string
+         * @return The Base64-encoded data as a string
+         */
+        public static String encode(String string) {
+            byte[] bytes;
+            try {
+                bytes = string.getBytes(PREFERRED_ENCODING);
+            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+                bytes = string.getBytes();
+            }
+            return encodeBytes(bytes);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
+         *
+         * @param source The data to convert
+         * @return The Base64-encoded data as a String
+         * @throws NullPointerException     if source array is null
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if source array, offset, or length are invalid
+         * @since 2.0
+         */
+        public static String encodeBytes(byte[] source) {
+            return encodeBytes(source, 0, source.length);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation.
+         *
+         * @param source The data to convert
+         * @param off    Offset in array where conversion should begin
+         * @param len    Length of data to convert
+         * @return The Base64-encoded data as a String
+         * @throws NullPointerException     if source array is null
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if source array, offset, or length are invalid
+         * @since 2.0
+         */
+        public static String encodeBytes(byte[] source, int off, int len) {
+            byte[] encoded = encodeBytesToBytes(source, off, len);
+            try {
+                return new String(encoded, PREFERRED_ENCODING);
+            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uue) {
+                return new String(encoded);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Similar to {@link #encodeBytes(byte[], int, int)} but returns a byte
+         * array instead of instantiating a String. This is more efficient if you're
+         * working with I/O streams and have large data sets to encode.
+         *
+         * @param source The data to convert
+         * @param off    Offset in array where conversion should begin
+         * @param len    Length of data to convert
+         * @return The Base64-encoded data as a String if there is an error
+         * @throws NullPointerException     if source array is null
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if source array, offset, or length are invalid
+         * @since 2.3.1
+         */
+        public static byte[] encodeBytesToBytes(byte[] source, int off, int len) {
+
+            if (source == null)
+                throw new NullPointerException("Cannot serialize a null array.");
+
+            if (off < 0)
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot have negative offset: "
+                        + off);
+
+            if (len < 0)
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot have length offset: " + len);
+
+            if (off + len > source.length)
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        String
+                                .format(
+                                        "Cannot have offset of %d and length of %d with array of length %d",
+                                        off, len, source.length));
+
+            // Bytes needed for actual encoding
+            int encLen = (len / 3) * 4 + (len % 3 > 0 ? 4 : 0);
+
+            byte[] outBuff = new byte[encLen];
+
+            int d = 0;
+            int e = 0;
+            int len2 = len - 2;
+            for (; d < len2; d += 3, e += 4)
+                encode3to4(source, d + off, 3, outBuff, e);
+
+            if (d < len) {
+                encode3to4(source, d + off, len - d, outBuff, e);
+                e += 4;
+            }
+
+            if (e <= outBuff.length - 1) {
+                byte[] finalOut = new byte[e];
+                System.arraycopy(outBuff, 0, finalOut, 0, e);
+                return finalOut;
+            } else
+                return outBuff;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * HTTP request exception whose cause is always an {@link IOException}
+     */
+    public static class HttpRequestException extends RuntimeException {
+
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = -1170466989781746231L;
+
+        /**
+         * Create a new HttpRequestException with the given cause
+         *
+         * @param cause
+         */
+        public HttpRequestException(final IOException cause) {
+            super(cause);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get {@link IOException} that triggered this request exception
+         *
+         * @return {@link IOException} cause
+         */
+        @Override
+        public IOException getCause() {
+            return (IOException) super.getCause();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Operation that handles executing a callback once complete and handling
+     * nested exceptions
+     *
+     * @param <V>
+     */
+    protected static abstract class Operation<V> implements Callable<V> {
+
+        /**
+         * Run operation
+         *
+         * @return result
+         * @throws HttpRequestException
+         * @throws IOException
+         */
+        protected abstract V run() throws HttpRequestException, IOException;
+
+        /**
+         * Operation complete callback
+         *
+         * @throws IOException
+         */
+        protected abstract void done() throws IOException;
+
+        public V call() throws HttpRequestException {
+            boolean thrown = false;
+            try {
+                return run();
+            } catch (HttpRequestException e) {
+                thrown = true;
+                throw e;
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                thrown = true;
+                throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    done();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (!thrown)
+                        throw new HttpRequestException(e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class that ensures a {@link Closeable} gets closed with proper exception
+     * handling.
+     *
+     * @param <V>
+     */
+    protected static abstract class CloseOperation<V> extends Operation<V> {
+
+        private final Closeable closeable;
+
+        private final boolean ignoreCloseExceptions;
+
+        /**
+         * Create closer for operation
+         *
+         * @param closeable
+         * @param ignoreCloseExceptions
+         */
+        protected CloseOperation(final Closeable closeable,
+                                 final boolean ignoreCloseExceptions) {
+            this.closeable = closeable;
+            this.ignoreCloseExceptions = ignoreCloseExceptions;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void done() throws IOException {
+            if (closeable instanceof Flushable)
+                ((Flushable) closeable).flush();
+            if (ignoreCloseExceptions)
+                try {
+                    closeable.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // Ignored
+                }
+            else
+                closeable.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class that and ensures a {@link Flushable} gets flushed with proper
+     * exception handling.
+     *
+     * @param <V>
+     */
+    protected static abstract class FlushOperation<V> extends Operation<V> {
+
+        private final Flushable flushable;
+
+        /**
+         * Create flush operation
+         *
+         * @param flushable
+         */
+        protected FlushOperation(final Flushable flushable) {
+            this.flushable = flushable;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void done() throws IOException {
+            flushable.flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request output stream
+     */
+    public static class RequestOutputStream extends BufferedOutputStream {
+
+        private final CharsetEncoder encoder;
+
+        /**
+         * Create request output stream
+         *
+         * @param stream
+         * @param charset
+         * @param bufferSize
+         */
+        public RequestOutputStream(final OutputStream stream, final String charset,
+                                   final int bufferSize) {
+            super(stream, bufferSize);
+
+            encoder = Charset.forName(getValidCharset(charset)).newEncoder();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write string to stream
+         *
+         * @param value
+         * @return this stream
+         * @throws IOException
+         */
+        public RequestOutputStream write(final String value) throws IOException {
+            final ByteBuffer bytes = encoder.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(value));
+
+            super.write(bytes.array(), 0, bytes.limit());
+
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+}