@port-labs/jq-node-bindings 0.0.1

package/deps/jq/docs/content/3.manual/manual.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,2878 @@
+---
+headline: jq Manual (development version)
+
+history: |
+
+  *For released versions, see [jq 1.4](/jq/manual/v1.4) or
+  [jq 1.3](/jq/manual/v1.3).*
+
+body: |
+
+  A jq program is a "filter": it takes an input, and produces an
+  output. There are a lot of builtin filters for extracting a
+  particular field of an object, or converting a number to a string,
+  or various other standard tasks.
+
+  Filters can be combined in various ways - you can pipe the output of
+  one filter into another filter, or collect the output of a filter
+  into an array.
+
+  Some filters produce multiple results, for instance there's one that
+  produces all the elements of its input array. Piping that filter
+  into a second runs the second filter for each element of the
+  array. Generally, things that would be done with loops and iteration
+  in other languages are just done by gluing filters together in jq.
+
+  It's important to remember that every filter has an input and an
+  output. Even literals like "hello" or 42 are filters - they take an
+  input but always produce the same literal as output. Operations that
+  combine two filters, like addition, generally feed the same input to
+  both and combine the results. So, you can implement an averaging
+  filter as `add / length` - feeding the input array both to the `add`
+  filter and the `length` filter and then performing the division.
+
+  But that's getting ahead of ourselves. :) Let's start with something
+  simpler:
+
+manpage_intro: |
+  jq(1) -- Command-line JSON processor
+  ====================================
+
+  ## SYNOPSIS
+
+  `jq` [<options>...] <filter> [<files>...]
+
+  `jq` can transform JSON in various ways, by selecting, iterating,
+  reducing and otherwise mangling JSON documents. For instance,
+  running the command `jq 'map(.price) | add'` will take an array of
+  JSON objects as input and return the sum of their "price" fields.
+
+  `jq` can accept text input as well, but by default, `jq` reads a
+  stream of JSON entities (including numbers and other literals) from
+  `stdin`. Whitespace is only needed to separate entities such as 1
+  and 2, and true and false.  One or more <files> may be specified, in
+  which case `jq` will read input from those instead.
+
+  The <options> are described in the [INVOKING JQ] section; they
+  mostly concern input and output formatting. The <filter> is written
+  in the jq language and specifies how to transform the input
+  file or document.
+
+  ## FILTERS
+
+manpage_epilogue: |
+  ## BUGS
+
+  Presumably. Report them or discuss them at:
+
+      https://github.com/stedolan/jq/issues
+
+  ## AUTHOR
+
+  Stephen Dolan `<mu@netsoc.tcd.ie>`
+
+sections:
+  - title: Invoking jq
+    body: |
+
+      jq filters run on a stream of JSON data. The input to jq is
+      parsed as a sequence of whitespace-separated JSON values which
+      are passed through the provided filter one at a time. The
+      output(s) of the filter are written to standard out, again as a
+      sequence of whitespace-separated JSON data.
+
+      Note: it is important to mind the shell's quoting rules.  As a
+      general rule it's best to always quote (with single-quote
+      characters) the jq program, as too many characters with special
+      meaning to jq are also shell meta-characters.  For example, `jq
+      "foo"` will fail on most Unix shells because that will be the same
+      as `jq foo`, which will generally fail because `foo is not
+      defined`.  When using the Windows command shell (cmd.exe) it's
+      best to use double quotes around your jq program when given on the
+      command-line (instead of the `-f program-file` option), but then
+      double-quotes in the jq program need backslash escaping.
+
+      You can affect how jq reads and writes its input and output
+      using some command-line options:
+
+      * `--version`:
+
+        Output the jq version and exit with zero.
+
+      * `--seq`:
+
+        Use the `application/json-seq` MIME type scheme for separating
+        JSON texts in jq's input and output.  This means that an ASCII
+        RS (record separator) character is printed before each value on
+        output and an ASCII LF (line feed) is printed after every
+        output.  Input JSON texts that fail to parse are ignored (but
+        warned about), discarding all subsequent input until the next
+        RS.  This more also parses the output of jq without the `--seq`
+        option.
+
+      * `--stream`:
+
+        Parse the input in streaming fashion, outputing arrays of path
+        and leaf values (scalars and empty arrays or empty objects).
+        For example, `"a"` becomes `[[],"a"]`, and `[[],"a",["b"]]`
+        becomes `[[0],[]]`, `[[1],"a"]`, and `[[1,0],"b"]`.
+
+        This is useful for processing very large inputs.  Use this in
+        conjunction with filtering and the `reduce` and `foreach` syntax
+        to reduce large inputs incrementally.
+
+      * `--slurp`/`-s`:
+
+        Instead of running the filter for each JSON object in the
+        input, read the entire input stream into a large array and run
+        the filter just once.
+
+      * `--raw-input`/`-R`:
+
+        Don't parse the input as JSON. Instead, each line of text is
+        passed to the filter as a string. If combined with `--slurp`,
+        then the entire input is passed to the filter as a single long
+        string.
+
+      * `--null-input`/`-n`:
+
+        Don't read any input at all! Instead, the filter is run once
+        using `null` as the input. This is useful when using jq as a
+        simple calculator or to construct JSON data from scratch.
+
+      * `--compact-output` / `-c`:
+
+        By default, jq pretty-prints JSON output. Using this option
+        will result in more compact output by instead putting each
+        JSON object on a single line.
+
+      * `--tab`:
+
+        Use a tab for each indentation level instead of two spaces.
+
+      * `--indent n`:
+
+        Use the given number of spaces (no more than 8) for indentation.
+
+      * `--color-output` / `-C` and `--monochrome-output` / `-M`:
+
+        By default, jq outputs colored JSON if writing to a
+        terminal. You can force it to produce color even if writing to
+        a pipe or a file using `-C`, and disable color with `-M`.
+
+      * `--ascii-output` / `-a`:
+
+        jq usually outputs non-ASCII Unicode codepoints as UTF-8, even
+        if the input specified them as escape sequences (like
+        "\u03bc"). Using this option, you can force jq to produce pure
+        ASCII output with every non-ASCII character replaced with the
+        equivalent escape sequence.
+
+      * `--unbuffered`
+
+        Flush the output after each JSON object is printed (useful if
+        you're piping a slow data source into jq and piping jq's
+        output elsewhere).
+
+      * `--sort-keys` / `-S`:
+
+        Output the fields of each object with the keys in sorted order.
+
+      * `--raw-output` / `-r`:
+
+        With this option, if the filter's result is a string then it
+        will be written directly to standard output rather than being
+        formatted as a JSON string with quotes. This can be useful for
+        making jq filters talk to non-JSON-based systems.
+
+      * `--join-output` / `-j`:
+
+        Like `-r` but jq won't print a newline after each output.
+
+      * `-f filename` / `--from-file filename`:
+
+        Read filter from the file rather than from a command line, like
+        awk's -f option. You can also use '#' to make comments.
+
+      * `-Ldirectory` / `-L directory`:
+
+        Prepend `directory` to the search list for modules.  If this
+        option is used then no builtin search list is used.  See the
+        section on modules below.
+
+      * `-e` / `--exit-status`:
+
+        Sets the exit status of jq to 0 if the last output values was
+        neither `false` nor `null`, 1 if the last output value was
+        either `false` or `null`, or 4 if no valid result was ever
+        produced.  Normally jq exits with 2 if there was any usage
+        problem or system error, 3 if there was a jq program compile
+        error, or 0 if the jq program ran.
+
+      * `--arg name value`:
+
+        This option passes a value to the jq program as a predefined
+        variable. If you run jq with `--arg foo bar`, then `$foo` is
+        available in the program and has the value `"bar"`. Note that
+        `value` will be treated as a string, so `--arg foo 123` will
+        bind `$foo` to `"123"`.
+
+      * `--argjson name JSON-text`:
+
+        This option passes a JSON-encoded value to the jq program as a
+        predefined variable. If you run jq with `--argjson foo 123`, then
+        `$foo` is available in the program and has the value `123`.
+
+      * `--slurpfile variable-name filename`:
+
+        This option reads all the JSON texts in the named file and binds
+        an array of the parsed JSON values to the given global variable.
+        If you run jq with `--argfile foo bar`, then `$foo` is available
+        in the program and has an array whose elements correspond to the
+        texts in the file named `bar`.
+
+      * `--argfile variable-name filename`:
+
+        Do not use.  Use `--slurpfile` instead.
+
+        (This option is like `--slurpfile`, but when the file has just
+        one text, then that is used, else an array of texts is used as
+        in `--slurpfile`.)
+
+      * `--run-tests [filename]`:
+
+        Runs the tests in the given file or standard input.  This must
+        be the last option given and does not honor all preceding
+        options.  The input consists of comment lines, empty lines, and
+        program lines followed by one input line, as many lines of
+        output as are expected (one per output), and a terminating empty
+        line.  Compilation failure tests start with a line containing
+        only "%%FAIL", then a line containing the program to compile,
+        then a line containing an error message to compare to the
+        actual.
+
+        Be warned that this option can change backwards-incompatibly.
+
+  - title: Basic filters
+    entries:
+      - title: "`.`"
+        body: |
+
+          The absolute simplest (and least interesting) filter
+          is `.`. This is a filter that takes its input and
+          produces it unchanged as output.
+
+          Since jq by default pretty-prints all output, this trivial
+          program can be a useful way of formatting JSON output from,
+          say, `curl`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.'
+            input: '"Hello, world!"'
+            output: ['"Hello, world!"']
+
+      - title: "`.foo`, `.foo.bar`"
+        body: |
+
+          The simplest *useful* filter is `.foo`. When given a
+          JSON object (aka dictionary or hash) as input, it produces
+          the value at the key "foo", or null if there's none present.
+
+          If the key contains special characters, you need to surround
+          it with double quotes like this: `."foo$"`.
+
+          A filter of the form `.foo.bar` is equivalent to `.foo|.bar`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.foo'
+            input: '{"foo": 42, "bar": "less interesting data"}'
+            output: [42]
+          - program: '.foo'
+            input: '{"notfoo": true, "alsonotfoo": false}'
+            output: ['null']
+          - program: '.["foo"]'
+            input: '{"foo": 42}'
+            output: [42]
+
+      - title: "`.foo?`"
+        body: |
+
+          Just like `.foo`, but does not output even an error when `.`
+          is not an array or an object.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.foo?'
+            input: '{"foo": 42, "bar": "less interesting data"}'
+            output: [42]
+          - program: '.foo?'
+            input: '{"notfoo": true, "alsonotfoo": false}'
+            output: ['null']
+          - program: '.["foo"]?'
+            input: '{"foo": 42}'
+            output: [42]
+          - program: '[.foo?]'
+            input: '[1,2]'
+            output: ['[]']
+
+      - title: "`.[<string>]`, `.[2]`, `.[10:15]`"
+        body: |
+
+          You can also look up fields of an object using syntax like
+          `.["foo"]` (.foo above is a shorthand version of this). This
+          one works for arrays as well, if the key is an
+          integer. Arrays are zero-based (like javascript), so `.[2]`
+          returns the third element of the array.
+
+          The `.[10:15]` syntax can be used to return a subarray of an
+          array or substring of a string. The array returned by
+          `.[10:15]` will be of length 5, containing the elements from
+          index 10 (inclusive) to index 15 (exclusive). Either index may
+          be negative (in which case it counts backwards from the end of
+          the array), or omitted (in which case it refers to the start
+          or end of the array).
+
+          The `.[2]` syntax can be used to return the element at the
+          given index.  Negative indices are allowed, with -1 referring
+          to the last element, -2 referring to the next to last element,
+          and so on.
+
+          The `.foo` syntax only works for simply keys i.e. keys that
+          are all alphanumeric characters. `.[<string>]` works with
+          keys that contain special characters such as colons and dots.
+          For example `.["foo::bar"]` and `.["foo.bar"]` work while
+          `.foo::bar` and `.foo.bar` would not.
+
+          The `?` "operator" can also be used with the slice operator,
+          as in `.[10:15]?`, which outputs values where the inputs are
+          slice-able.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.[0]'
+            input: '[{"name":"JSON", "good":true}, {"name":"XML", "good":false}]'
+            output: ['{"name":"JSON", "good":true}']
+
+          - program: '.[2]'
+            input: '[{"name":"JSON", "good":true}, {"name":"XML", "good":false}]'
+            output: ['null']
+
+          - program: '.[2:4]'
+            input: '["a","b","c","d","e"]'
+            output: ['["c", "d"]']
+
+          - program: '.[2:4]'
+            input: '"abcdefghi"'
+            output: ['"cd"']
+
+          - program: '.[:3]'
+            input: '["a","b","c","d","e"]'
+            output: ['["a", "b", "c"]']
+
+          - program: '.[-2:]'
+            input: '["a","b","c","d","e"]'
+            output: ['["d", "e"]']
+
+          - program: '.[-2]'
+            input: '[1,2,3]'
+            output: ['2']
+
+      - title: "`.[]`"
+        body: |
+
+          If you use the `.[index]` syntax, but omit the index
+          entirely, it will return *all* of the elements of an
+          array. Running `.[]` with the input `[1,2,3]` will produce the
+          numbers as three separate results, rather than as a single
+          array.
+
+          You can also use this on an object, and it will return all
+          the values of the object.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.[]'
+            input: '[{"name":"JSON", "good":true}, {"name":"XML", "good":false}]'
+            output:
+              - '{"name":"JSON", "good":true}'
+              - '{"name":"XML", "good":false}'
+
+          - program: '.[]'
+            input: '[]'
+            output: []
+
+          - program: '.[]'
+            input: '{"a": 1, "b": 1}'
+            output: ['1', '1']
+
+      - title: "`.[]?`"
+        body: |
+
+          Like `.[]`, but no errors will be output if . is not an array
+          or object.
+
+      - title: "`,`"
+        body: |
+
+          If two filters are separated by a comma, then the
+          input will be fed into both and there will be multiple
+          outputs: first, all of the outputs produced by the left
+          expression, and then all of the outputs produced by the
+          right. For instance, filter `.foo, .bar`, produces
+          both the "foo" fields and "bar" fields as separate outputs.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.foo, .bar'
+            input: '{"foo": 42, "bar": "something else", "baz": true}'
+            output: ['42', '"something else"']
+
+          - program: ".user, .projects[]"
+            input: '{"user":"stedolan", "projects": ["jq", "wikiflow"]}'
+            output: ['"stedolan"', '"jq"', '"wikiflow"']
+
+          - program: '.[4,2]'
+            input: '["a","b","c","d","e"]'
+            output: ['"e"', '"c"']
+
+      - title: "`|`"
+        body: |
+          The | operator combines two filters by feeding the output(s) of
+          the one on the left into the input of the one on the right. It's
+          pretty much the same as the Unix shell's pipe, if you're used to
+          that.
+
+          If the one on the left produces multiple results, the one on
+          the right will be run for each of those results. So, the
+          expression `.[] | .foo` retrieves the "foo" field of each
+          element of the input array.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.[] | .name'
+            input: '[{"name":"JSON", "good":true}, {"name":"XML", "good":false}]'
+            output: ['"JSON"', '"XML"']
+
+  - title: Types and Values
+    body: |
+
+      jq supports the same set of datatypes as JSON - numbers,
+      strings, booleans, arrays, objects (which in JSON-speak are
+      hashes with only string keys), and "null".
+
+      Booleans, null, strings and numbers are written the same way as
+      in javascript. Just like everything else in jq, these simple
+      values take an input and produce an output - `42` is a valid jq
+      expression that takes an input, ignores it, and returns 42
+      instead.
+
+    entries:
+      - title: Array construction - `[]`
+        body: |
+
+          As in JSON, `[]` is used to construct arrays, as in
+          `[1,2,3]`. The elements of the arrays can be any jq
+          expression. All of the results produced by all of the
+          expressions are collected into one big array. You can use it
+          to construct an array out of a known quantity of values (as
+          in `[.foo, .bar, .baz]`) or to "collect" all the results of a
+          filter into an array (as in `[.items[].name]`)
+
+          Once you understand the "," operator, you can look at jq's array
+          syntax in a different light: the expression `[1,2,3]` is not using a
+          built-in syntax for comma-separated arrays, but is instead applying
+          the `[]` operator (collect results) to the expression 1,2,3 (which
+          produces three different results).
+
+          If you have a filter `X` that produces four results,
+          then the expression `[X]` will produce a single result, an
+          array of four elements.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: "[.user, .projects[]]"
+            input: '{"user":"stedolan", "projects": ["jq", "wikiflow"]}'
+            output: ['["stedolan", "jq", "wikiflow"]']
+      - title: Objects - `{}`
+        body: |
+
+          Like JSON, `{}` is for constructing objects (aka
+          dictionaries or hashes), as in: `{"a": 42, "b": 17}`.
+
+          If the keys are "sensible" (all alphabetic characters), then
+          the quotes can be left off. The value can be any expression
+          (although you may need to wrap it in parentheses if it's a
+          complicated one), which gets applied to the {} expression's
+          input (remember, all filters have an input and an
+          output).
+
+              {foo: .bar}
+
+          will produce the JSON object `{"foo": 42}` if given the JSON
+          object `{"bar":42, "baz":43}`. You can use this to select
+          particular fields of an object: if the input is an object
+          with "user", "title", "id", and "content" fields and you
+          just want "user" and "title", you can write
+
+              {user: .user, title: .title}
+
+          Because that's so common, there's a shortcut syntax: `{user, title}`.
+
+          If one of the expressions produces multiple results,
+          multiple dictionaries will be produced. If the input's
+
+              {"user":"stedolan","titles":["JQ Primer", "More JQ"]}
+
+          then the expression
+
+              {user, title: .titles[]}
+
+          will produce two outputs:
+
+              {"user":"stedolan", "title": "JQ Primer"}
+              {"user":"stedolan", "title": "More JQ"}
+
+          Putting parentheses around the key means it will be evaluated as an
+          expression. With the same input as above,
+
+              {(.user): .titles}
+
+          produces
+
+              {"stedolan": ["JQ Primer", "More JQ"]}
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '{user, title: .titles[]}'
+            input: '{"user":"stedolan","titles":["JQ Primer", "More JQ"]}'
+            output:
+              - '{"user":"stedolan", "title": "JQ Primer"}'
+              - '{"user":"stedolan", "title": "More JQ"}'
+          - program: '{(.user): .titles}'
+            input: '{"user":"stedolan","titles":["JQ Primer", "More JQ"]}'
+            output: ['{"stedolan": ["JQ Primer", "More JQ"]}']
+
+  - title: Builtin operators and functions
+    body: |
+
+      Some jq operator (for instance, `+`) do different things
+      depending on the type of their arguments (arrays, numbers,
+      etc.). However, jq never does implicit type conversions. If you
+      try to add a string to an object you'll get an error message and
+      no result.
+
+    entries:
+      - title: Addition - `+`
+        body: |
+
+          The operator `+` takes two filters, applies them both
+          to the same input, and adds the results together. What
+          "adding" means depends on the types involved:
+
+          - **Numbers** are added by normal arithmetic.
+
+          - **Arrays** are added by being concatenated into a larger array.
+
+          - **Strings** are added by being joined into a larger string.
+
+          - **Objects** are added by merging, that is, inserting all
+              the key-value pairs from both objects into a single
+              combined object. If both objects contain a value for the
+              same key, the object on the right of the `+` wins. (For
+              recursive merge use the `*` operator.)
+
+          `null` can be added to any value, and returns the other
+          value unchanged.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.a + 1'
+            input: '{"a": 7}'
+            output: ['8']
+          - program: '.a + .b'
+            input: '{"a": [1,2], "b": [3,4]}'
+            output: ['[1,2,3,4]']
+          - program: '.a + null'
+            input: '{"a": 1}'
+            output: ['1']
+          - program: '.a + 1'
+            input: '{}'
+            output: ['1']
+          - program: '{a: 1} + {b: 2} + {c: 3} + {a: 42}'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['{"a": 42, "b": 2, "c": 3}']
+
+      - title: Subtraction - `-`
+        body: |
+
+          As well as normal arithmetic subtraction on numbers, the `-`
+          operator can be used on arrays to remove all occurrences of
+          the second array's elements from the first array.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '4 - .a'
+            input: '{"a":3}'
+            output: ['1']
+          - program: . - ["xml", "yaml"]
+            input: '["xml", "yaml", "json"]'
+            output: ['["json"]']
+
+      - title: Multiplication, division, modulo - `*`, `/`, and `%`
+        body: |
+
+          These infix operators behave as expected when given two numbers.
+          Division by zero raises an error. `x % y` computes x modulo y.
+
+          Multiplying a string by a number produces the concatenation of
+          that string that many times. `"x" * 0` produces **null**.
+
+          Dividing a string by another splits the first using the second
+          as separators.  
+
+          Multiplying two objects will merge them recursively: this works
+          like addition but if both objects contain a value for the
+          same key, and the values are objects, the two are merged with
+          the same strategy.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '10 / . * 3'
+            input: 5
+            output: [6]
+          - program: '. / ", "'
+            input: '"a, b,c,d, e"'
+            output: ['["a","b,c,d","e"]']
+          - program: '{"k": {"a": 1, "b": 2}} * {"k": {"a": 0,"c": 3}}'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['{"k": {"a": 0, "b": 2, "c": 3}}']
+          - program: '.[] | (1 / .)?'
+            input: '[1,0,-1]'
+            output: ['1', '-1']
+
+
+      - title: "`length`"
+        body: |
+
+          The builtin function `length` gets the length of various
+          different types of value:
+
+          - The length of a **string** is the number of Unicode
+            codepoints it contains (which will be the same as its
+            JSON-encoded length in bytes if it's pure ASCII).
+
+          - The length of an **array** is the number of elements.
+
+          - The length of an **object** is the number of key-value pairs.
+
+          - The length of **null** is zero.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.[] | length'
+            input: '[[1,2], "string", {"a":2}, null]'
+            output: [2, 6, 1, 0]
+
+      - title: "`keys`, `keys_unsorted`"
+        body: |
+
+          The builtin function `keys`, when given an object, returns
+          its keys in an array.
+
+          The keys are sorted "alphabetically", by unicode codepoint
+          order. This is not an order that makes particular sense in
+          any particular language, but you can count on it being the
+          same for any two objects with the same set of keys,
+          regardless of locale settings.
+
+          When `keys` is given an array, it returns the valid indices
+          for that array: the integers from 0 to length-1.
+
+          The `keys_unsorted` function is just like `keys`, but if
+          the input is an object then the keys will not be sorted,
+          instead the keys will roughly be in insertion order.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'keys'
+            input: '{"abc": 1, "abcd": 2, "Foo": 3}'
+            output: ['["Foo", "abc", "abcd"]']
+          - program: 'keys'
+            input: '[42,3,35]'
+            output: ['[0,1,2]']
+
+      - title: "`has(key)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The builtin function `has` returns whether the input object
+          has the given key, or the input array has an element at the
+          given index.
+
+          `has($key)` has the same effect as checking whether `$key`
+          is a member of the array returned by `keys`, although `has`
+          will be faster.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'map(has("foo"))'
+            input: '[{"foo": 42}, {}]'
+            output: ['[true, false]']
+          - program: 'map(has(2))'
+            input: '[[0,1], ["a","b","c"]]'
+            output: ['[false, true]']
+
+      - title: "`in`"
+        body: |
+          
+          The builtin function `in` returns the input key is in the
+          given object, or the input index corresponds to an element
+          in the given array. It is, essentially, an inversed version
+          of `has`.
+      
+        examples:
+          - program: '.[] | in({"foo": 42})'
+            input: '["foo", "bar"]'
+            output: ['true', 'false']
+          - program: 'map(in([0,1]))'
+            input: '[2, 0]'
+            output: ['[false, true]']
+            
+      - title: "`path(path_expression)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Outputs array representations of the given path expression
+          in `.`.  The outputs are arrays of strings (keys in objects0
+          and/or numbers (array indices.
+
+          Path expressions are jq expressions like `.a`, but also `.[]`.
+          There are two types of path expressions: ones that can match
+          exactly, and ones that cannot.  For example, `.a.b.c` is an
+          exact match path expression, while `.a[].b` is not.
+
+          `path(exact_path_expression)` will produce the array
+          representation of the path expression even if it does not
+          exist in `.`, if `.` is `null` or an array or an object.
+
+          `path(pattern)` will produce array representations of the
+          paths matching `pattern` if the paths exist in `.`.
+
+          Note that the path expressions are not different from normal
+          expressions.  The expression
+          `path(..|select(type=="boolean"))` outputs all the paths to
+          boolean values in `.`, and only those paths.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'path(.a[0].b)'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['["a",0,"b"]']
+          - program: '[path(..)]'
+            input: '{"a":[{"b":1}]}'
+            output: ['[[],["a"],["a",0],["a",0,"b"]]']
+
+      - title: "`del(path_expression)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The builtin function `del` removes a key and its corresponding
+          value from an object.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'del(.foo)'
+            input: '{"foo": 42, "bar": 9001, "baz": 42}'
+            output: ['{"bar": 9001, "baz": 42}']
+          - program: 'del(.[1, 2])'
+            input: '["foo", "bar", "baz"]'
+            output: ['["foo"]']
+
+      - title: "`to_entries`, `from_entries`, `with_entries`"
+        body: |
+
+          These functions convert between an object and an array of
+          key-value pairs. If `to_entries` is passed an object, then
+          for each `k: v` entry in the input, the output array
+          includes `{"key": k, "value": v}`.
+
+          `from_entries` does the opposite conversion, and
+          `with_entries(foo)` is a shorthand for `to_entries |
+          map(foo) | from_entries`, useful for doing some operation to
+          all keys and values of an object. `from_entries` accepts key, Key,
+          Name, value and Value as keys.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'to_entries'
+            input: '{"a": 1, "b": 2}'
+            output: ['[{"key":"a", "value":1}, {"key":"b", "value":2}]']
+          - program: 'from_entries'
+            input: '[{"key":"a", "value":1}, {"key":"b", "value":2}]'
+            output: ['{"a": 1, "b": 2}']
+          - program: 'with_entries(.key |= "KEY_" + .)'
+            input: '{"a": 1, "b": 2}'
+            output: ['{"KEY_a": 1, "KEY_b": 2}']
+
+
+      - title: "`select(boolean_expression)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The function `select(foo)` produces its input unchanged if
+          `foo` returns true for that input, and produces no output
+          otherwise.
+
+          It's useful for filtering lists: `[1,2,3] | map(select(. >= 2))`
+          will give you `[2,3]`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'map(select(. >= 2))'
+            input: '[1,5,3,0,7]'
+            output: ['[5,3,7]']
+          - program: '.[] | select(.id == "second")'
+            input: '[{"id": "first", "val": 1}, {"id": "second", "val": 2}]'
+            output: ['{"id": "second", "val": 2}']
+
+
+      - title: "`arrays`, `objects`, `iterables`, `booleans`, `numbers`, `normals`, `finites`, `strings`, `nulls`, `values`, `scalars`"
+        body: |
+
+          These built-ins select only inputs that are arrays, objects,
+          iterables (arrays or objects), booleans, numbers, normal
+          numbers, finite numbers, strings, null, non-null values, and
+          non-iterables, respectively.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.[]|numbers'
+            input: '[[],{},1,"foo",null,true,false]'
+            output: ['1']
+
+      - title: "`empty`"
+        body: |
+
+          `empty` returns no results. None at all. Not even `null`.
+
+          It's useful on occasion. You'll know if you need it :)
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '1, empty, 2'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: [1, 2]
+          - program: '[1,2,empty,3]'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['[1,2,3]']
+
+      - title: "`error(message)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Produces an error, just like `.a` applied to values other than
+          null and objects would, but with the given message as the
+          error's value.
+
+      - title: "`$__loc__`"
+        body: |
+
+          Produces an object with a "file" key and a "line" key, with
+          the filename and line number where `$__loc__` occurs, as
+          values.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'try error("\($__loc__)") catch .'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['"{\"file\":\"<top-level>\",\"line\":1}"']
+
+      - title: "`map(x)`, `map_values(x)`"
+        body: |
+
+          For any filter `x`, `map(x)` will run that filter for each
+          element of the input array, and produce the outputs a new
+          array. `map(.+1)` will increment each element of an array of numbers.
+          
+          Similarly, `map_values(x)` will run that filter for each element,
+          but it will return an object when an object is passed.
+          
+          `map(x)` is equivalent to `[.[] | x]`. In fact, this is how
+          it's defined. Similarly, `map_values(x)` is defined as `.[] |= x`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'map(.+1)'
+            input: '[1,2,3]'
+            output: ['[2,3,4]']
+          
+          - program: 'map_values(.+1)'
+            input: '{"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}'
+            output: ['{"a": 2, "b": 3, "c": 4}']
+
+      - title: "`paths`, `paths(node_filter)`, `leaf_paths`"
+        body: |
+
+          `paths` outputs the paths to all the elements in its input
+          (except it does not output the empty list, representing .
+          itself).
+
+          `paths(f)` outputs the paths to any values for which `f` is true.
+          That is, `paths(numbers)` outputs the paths to all numeric
+          values.
+
+          `leaf_paths` is an alias of `paths(scalars)`; `leaf_paths` is
+          *deprecated* and will be removed in the next major release.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[paths]'
+            input: '[1,[[],{"a":2}]]'
+            output: ['[[0],[1],[1,0],[1,1],[1,1,"a"]]']
+          - program: '[paths(scalars)]'
+            input: '[1,[[],{"a":2}]]'
+            output: ['[[0],[1,1,"a"]]']
+
+      - title: "`add`"
+        body: |
+
+          The filter `add` takes as input an array, and produces as
+          output the elements of the array added together. This might
+          mean summed, concatenated or merged depending on the types
+          of the elements of the input array - the rules are the same
+          as those for the `+` operator (described above).
+
+          If the input is an empty array, `add` returns `null`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: add
+            input: '["a","b","c"]'
+            output: ['"abc"']
+          - program: add
+            input: '[1, 2, 3]'
+            output: [6]
+          - program: add
+            input: '[]'
+            output: ["null"]
+
+      - title: "`any`, `any(condition)`, `any(generator; condition)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The filter `any` takes as input an array of boolean values,
+          and produces `true` as output if any of the the elements of
+          the array is `true`.
+
+          If the input is an empty array, `any` returns `false`.
+
+          The `any(condition)` form applies the given condition to the
+          elements of the input array.
+
+          The `any(generator; condition)` form applies the given
+          condition to all the outputs of the given generator.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: any
+            input: '[true, false]'
+            output: ["true"]
+          - program: any
+            input: '[false, false]'
+            output: ["false"]
+          - program: any
+            input: '[]'
+            output: ["false"]
+
+      - title: "`all`, `all(condition)`, `all(generator; condition)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The filter `all` takes as input an array of boolean values,
+          and produces `true` as output if all of the the elements of
+          the array are `true`.
+
+          The `all(condition)` form applies the given condition to the
+          elements of the input array.
+
+          The `all(generator; condition)` form applies the given
+          condition to all the outputs of the given generator.
+
+          If the input is an empty array, `all` returns `true`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: all
+            input: '[true, false]'
+            output: ["false"]
+          - program: all
+            input: '[true, true]'
+            output: ["true"]
+          - program: all
+            input: '[]'
+            output: ["true"]
+
+      - title: "\\[Requires 1.5\\] `flatten`, `flatten(depth)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The filter `flatten` takes as input an array of nested arrays,
+          and produces a flat array in which all arrays inside the original
+          array have been recursively replaced by their values. You can pass
+          an argument to it to specify how many levels of nesting to flatten.
+
+          `flatten(2)` is like `flatten`, but going only up to two
+          levels deep.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: flatten
+            input: '[1, [2], [[3]]]'
+            output: ["[1, 2, 3]"]
+          - program: flatten(1)
+            input: '[1, [2], [[3]]]'
+            output: ["[1, 2, [3]]"]
+          - program: flatten
+            input: '[[]]'
+            output: ["[]"]
+          - program: flatten
+            input: '[{"foo": "bar"}, [{"foo": "baz"}]]'
+            output: ['[{"foo": "bar"}, {"foo": "baz"}]']
+
+      - title: "`range(upto)`, `range(from;upto)` `range(from;upto;by)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `range` function produces a range of numbers. `range(4;10)`
+          produces 6 numbers, from 4 (inclusive) to 10 (exclusive). The numbers
+          are produced as separate outputs. Use `[range(4;10)]` to get a range as
+          an array.
+
+          The one argument form generates numbers from 0 to the given
+          number, with an increment of 1.
+
+          The two argument form generates numbers from `from` to `upto`
+          with an increment of 1.
+
+          The three argument form generates numbers `from` to `upto`
+          with an increment of `by`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'range(2;4)'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['2', '3']
+          - program: '[range(2;4)]'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['[2,3]']
+          - program: '[range(4)]'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['[0,1,2,3]']
+          - program: '[range(0;10;3)]'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['[0,3,6,9]']
+          - program: '[range(0;10;-1)]'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['[]']
+          - program: '[range(0;-5;-1)]'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['[0,-1,-2,-3,-4]']
+
+      - title: "`floor`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `floor` function returns the floor of its numeric input.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'floor'
+            input: '3.14159'
+            output: ['3']
+
+      - title: "`sqrt`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `sqrt` function returns the square root of its numeric input.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'sqrt'
+            input: '9'
+            output: ['3']
+
+      - title: "`tonumber`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `tonumber` function parses its input as a number. It
+          will convert correctly-formatted strings to their numeric
+          equivalent, leave numbers alone, and give an error on all other input.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.[] | tonumber'
+            input: '[1, "1"]'
+            output: [1, 1]
+
+      - title: "`tostring`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `tostring` function prints its input as a
+          string. Strings are left unchanged, and all other values are
+          JSON-encoded.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.[] | tostring'
+            input: '[1, "1", [1]]'
+            output: ['"1"', '"1"', '"[1]"']
+
+      - title: "`type`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `type` function returns the type of its argument as a
+          string, which is one of null, boolean, number, string, array
+          or object.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'map(type)'
+            input: '[0, false, [], {}, null, "hello"]'
+            output: ['["number", "boolean", "array", "object", "null", "string"]']
+
+      - title: "`infinite`, `nan`, `isinfinite`, `isnan`, `isfinite`, `isnormal`"
+        body: |
+
+          Some arithmetic operations can yield infinities and "not a
+          number" (NaN) values.  The `isinfinite` builtin returns `true`
+          if its input is infinite.  The `isnan` builtin returns `true`
+          if its input is a NaN.  The `infinite` builtin returns a
+          positive infinite value.  The `nan` builtin returns a NaN.
+          The `isnormal` builtin returns true if its input is a normal
+          number.
+
+          Note that division by zero raises an error.
+
+          Currently most arithmetic operations operating on infinities,
+          NaNs, and sub-normals do not raise errors.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.[] | (infinite * .) < 0'
+            input: '[-1, 1]'
+            output: ['true', 'false']
+          - program: 'infinite, nan | type'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['"number"', '"number"']
+
+      - title: "`sort, sort_by(path_expression)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `sort` functions sorts its input, which must be an
+          array. Values are sorted in the following order:
+
+          * `null`
+          * `false`
+          * `true`
+          * numbers
+          * strings, in alphabetical order (by unicode codepoint value)
+          * arrays, in lexical order
+          * objects
+
+          The ordering for objects is a little complex: first they're
+          compared by comparing their sets of keys (as arrays in
+          sorted order), and if their keys are equal then the values
+          are compared key by key.
+
+          `sort` may be used to sort by a particular field of an
+          object, or by applying any jq filter.
+
+          `sort_by(foo)` compares two elements by comparing the result of
+          `foo` on each element.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'sort'
+            input: '[8,3,null,6]'
+            output: ['[null,3,6,8]']
+          - program: 'sort_by(.foo)'
+            input: '[{"foo":4, "bar":10}, {"foo":3, "bar":100}, {"foo":2, "bar":1}]'
+            output: ['[{"foo":2, "bar":1}, {"foo":3, "bar":100}, {"foo":4, "bar":10}]']
+
+      - title: "`group_by(path_expression)`"
+        body: |
+
+          `group_by(.foo)` takes as input an array, groups the
+          elements having the same `.foo` field into separate arrays,
+          and produces all of these arrays as elements of a larger
+          array, sorted by the value of the `.foo` field.
+
+          Any jq expression, not just a field access, may be used in
+          place of `.foo`. The sorting order is the same as described
+          in the `sort` function above.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'group_by(.foo)'
+            input: '[{"foo":1, "bar":10}, {"foo":3, "bar":100}, {"foo":1, "bar":1}]'
+            output: ['[[{"foo":1, "bar":10}, {"foo":1, "bar":1}], [{"foo":3, "bar":100}]]']
+
+      - title: "`min`, `max`, `min_by(path_exp)`, `max_by(path_exp)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Find the minimum or maximum element of the input array.
+
+          The `min_by(path_exp)` and `max_by(path_exp)` functions allow
+          you to specify a particular field or property to examine, e.g.
+          `min_by(.foo)` finds the object with the smallest `foo` field.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'min'
+            input: '[5,4,2,7]'
+            output: ['2']
+          - program: 'max_by(.foo)'
+            input: '[{"foo":1, "bar":14}, {"foo":2, "bar":3}]'
+            output: ['{"foo":2, "bar":3}']
+
+      - title: "`unique`, `unique_by(path_exp)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `unique` function takes as input an array and produces
+          an array of the same elements, in sorted order, with
+          duplicates removed.
+
+          The `unique_by(path_exp)` function will keep only one element
+          for each value obtained by applying the argument. Think of it
+          as making an array by taking one element out of every group
+          produced by `group`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'unique'
+            input: '[1,2,5,3,5,3,1,3]'
+            output: ['[1,2,3,5]']
+          - program: 'unique_by(.foo)'
+            input: '[{"foo": 1, "bar": 2}, {"foo": 1, "bar": 3}, {"foo": 4, "bar": 5}]'
+            output: ['[{"foo": 1, "bar": 2}, {"foo": 4, "bar": 5}]']
+          - program: 'unique_by(length)'
+            input: '["chunky", "bacon", "kitten", "cicada", "asparagus"]'
+            output: ['["bacon", "chunky", "asparagus"]']
+
+      - title: "`reverse`"
+        body: |
+
+          This function reverses an array.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'reverse'
+            input: '[1,2,3,4]'
+            output: ['[4,3,2,1]']
+
+      - title: "`contains(element)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The filter `contains(b)` will produce true if b is
+          completely contained within the input. A string B is
+          contained in a string A if B is a substring of A. An array B
+          is contained in an array A if all elements in B are
+          contained in any element in A. An object B is contained in
+          object A if all of the values in B are contained in the
+          value in A with the same key. All other types are assumed to
+          be contained in each other if they are equal.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'contains("bar")'
+            input: '"foobar"'
+            output: ['true']
+          - program: 'contains(["baz", "bar"])'
+            input: '["foobar", "foobaz", "blarp"]'
+            output: ['true']
+          - program: 'contains(["bazzzzz", "bar"])'
+            input: '["foobar", "foobaz", "blarp"]'
+            output: ['false']
+          - program: 'contains({foo: 12, bar: [{barp: 12}]})'
+            input: '{"foo": 12, "bar":[1,2,{"barp":12, "blip":13}]}'
+            output: ['true']
+          - program: 'contains({foo: 12, bar: [{barp: 15}]})'
+            input: '{"foo": 12, "bar":[1,2,{"barp":12, "blip":13}]}'
+            output: ['false']
+
+      - title: "`indices(s)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Outputs an array containing the indices in `.` where `s`
+          occurs.  The input may be an array, in which case if `s` is an
+          array then the indices output will be those where all elements
+          in `.` match those of `s`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'indices(", ")'
+            input: '"a,b, cd, efg, hijk"'
+            output: ['[3,7,12]']
+          - program: 'indices(1)'
+            input: '[0,1,2,1,3,1,4]'
+            output: ['[1,3,5]']
+          - program: 'indices([1,2])'
+            input: '[0,1,2,3,1,4,2,5,1,2,6,7]'
+            output: ['[1,8]']
+
+      - title: "`index(s)`, `rindex(s)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Outputs the index of the first (`index`) or last (`rindex`)
+          occurrence of `s` in the input.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'index(", ")'
+            input: '"a,b, cd, efg, hijk"'
+            output: ['3']
+          - program: 'rindex(", ")'
+            input: '"a,b, cd, efg, hijk"'
+            output: ['12']
+
+      - title: "`inside`"
+        body: |
+
+          The filter `inside(b)` will produce true if the input is
+          completely contained within b. It is, essentially, an
+          inversed version of `contains`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'inside("foobar")'
+            input: '"bar"'
+            output: ['true']
+          - program: 'inside(["foobar", "foobaz", "blarp"])'
+            input: '["baz", "bar"]'
+            output: ['true']
+          - program: 'inside(["foobar", "foobaz", "blarp"])'
+            input: '["bazzzzz", "bar"]'
+            output: ['false']
+          - program: 'inside({"foo": 12, "bar":[1,2,{"barp":12, "blip":13}]})'
+            input: '{"foo": 12, "bar": [{"barp": 12}]}'
+            output: ['true']
+          - program: 'inside({"foo": 12, "bar":[1,2,{"barp":12, "blip":13}]})'
+            input: '{"foo": 12, "bar": [{"barp": 15}]}'
+            output: ['false']
+
+      - title: "`startswith(str)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Outputs `true` if . starts with the given string argument.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[.[]|startswith("foo")]'
+            input: '["fo", "foo", "barfoo", "foobar", "barfoob"]'
+            output: ['[false, true, false, true, false]']
+
+      - title: "`endswith(str)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Outputs `true` if . ends with the given string argument.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[.[]|endswith("foo")]'
+            input: '["foobar", "barfoo"]'
+            output: ['[false, true]']
+
+      - title: "`combinations`, `combinations(n)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Outputs all combinations of the elements of the arrays in the
+          input array. If given an argument `n`, it outputs all combinations
+          of `n` repetitions of the input array.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'combinations'
+            input: '[[1,2], [3, 4]]'
+            output: ['[1, 3]', '[1, 4]', '[2, 3]', '[2, 4]']
+          - program: 'combinations(2)'
+            input: '[0, 1]'
+            output: ['[0, 0]', '[0, 1]', '[1, 0]', '[1, 1]']
+
+      - title: "`ltrimstr(str)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Outputs its input with the given prefix string removed, if it
+          starts with it.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[.[]|ltrimstr("foo")]'
+            input: '["fo", "foo", "barfoo", "foobar", "afoo"]'
+            output: ['["fo","","barfoo","bar","afoo"]']
+
+      - title: "`rtrimstr(str)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Outputs its input with the given suffix string removed, if it
+          ends with it.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[.[]|rtrimstr("foo")]'
+            input: '["fo", "foo", "barfoo", "foobar", "foob"]'
+            output: ['["fo","","bar","foobar","foob"]']
+
+      - title: "`explode`"
+        body: |
+
+          Converts an input string into an array of the string's
+          codepoint numbers.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'explode'
+            input: '"foobar"'
+            output: ['[102,111,111,98,97,114]']
+
+      - title: "`implode`"
+        body: |
+
+          The inverse of explode.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'implode'
+            input: '[65, 66, 67]'
+            output: ['"ABC"']
+
+      - title: "`split`"
+        body: |
+
+          Splits an input string on the separator argument.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'split(", ")'
+            input: '"a, b,c,d, e, "'
+            output: ['["a","b,c,d","e",""]']
+
+      - title: "`join(str)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Joins the array of elements given as input, using the
+          argument as separator. It is the inverse of `split`: that is,
+          running `split("foo") | join("foo")` over any input string
+          returns said input string.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'join(", ")'
+            input: '["a","b,c,d","e"]'
+            output: ['"a, b,c,d, e"']
+
+
+      - title: "`ascii_downcase`, `ascii_upcase`"
+        body: |
+
+          Emit a copy of the input string with its alphabetic characters (a-z and A-Z) 
+          converted to the specified case.
+
+        example:
+          - program: 'ascii_upcase'
+            input: '"useful but not for é"'
+            output: '"USEFUL BUT NOT FOR é"'
+
+      - title: "`while(cond; update)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `while(cond; update)` function allows you to repeatedly
+          apply an update to `.` until `cond` is false.
+
+          Note that `while(cond; update)` is internally defined as a
+          recursive jq function.  Recursive calls within `while` will
+          not consume additional memory if `update` produces at most one
+          output for each input.  See advanced topics below.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[while(.<100; .*2)]'
+            input: '1'
+            output: ['[1,2,4,8,16,32,64]']
+
+      - title: "`until(cond; next)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `until(cond; next)` function allows you to repeatedly
+          apply the expression `next`, initially to `.` then to its own
+          output, until `cond` is true.  For example, this can be used
+          to implement a factorial function (see below).
+
+          Note that `until(cond; next)` is internally defined as a
+          recursive jq function.  Recursive calls within `until()` will
+          not consume additional memory if `next` produces at most one
+          output for each input.  See advanced topics below.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[.,1]|until(.[0] < 1; [.[0] - 1, .[1] * .[0]])|.[1]'
+            input: '4'
+            output: ['24']
+
+
+      - title: "`recurse(f)`, `recurse`, `recurse(f; condition)`, `recurse_down`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `recurse(f)` function allows you to search through a
+          recursive structure, and extract interesting data from all
+          levels. Suppose your input represents a filesystem:
+
+              {"name": "/", "children": [
+                {"name": "/bin", "children": [
+                  {"name": "/bin/ls", "children": []},
+                  {"name": "/bin/sh", "children": []}]},
+                {"name": "/home", "children": [
+                  {"name": "/home/stephen", "children": [
+                    {"name": "/home/stephen/jq", "children": []}]}]}]}
+
+          Now suppose you want to extract all of the filenames
+          present. You need to retrieve `.name`, `.children[].name`,
+          `.children[].children[].name`, and so on. You can do this
+          with:
+
+              recurse(.children[]) | .name
+
+          When called without an argument, `recurse` is equivalent to
+          `recurse(.[]?)`.
+
+          `recurse(f)` is identical to `recurse(f; . != null)` and can be
+          used without concerns about recursion depth.
+
+          `recurse(f; condition)` is a generator which begins by
+          emitting . and then emits in turn .|f, .|f|f, .|f|f|f, ...  so long
+          as the computed value satisfies the condition. For example,
+          to generate all the integers, at least in principle, one
+          could write `recurse(.+1; true)`.
+
+          For legacy reasons, `recurse_down` exists as an alias to
+          calling `recurse` without arguments. This alias is considered
+          *deprecated* and will be removed in the next major release.
+
+          The recursive calls in `recurse` will not consume additional
+          memory whenever `f` produces at most a single output for each
+          input.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'recurse(.foo[])'
+            input: '{"foo":[{"foo": []}, {"foo":[{"foo":[]}]}]}'
+            output:
+              - '{"foo":[{"foo":[]},{"foo":[{"foo":[]}]}]}'
+              - '{"foo":[]}'
+              - '{"foo":[{"foo":[]}]}'
+              - '{"foo":[]}'
+
+          - program: 'recurse'
+            input: '{"a":0,"b":[1]}'
+            output:
+              - '{"a":0,"b":[1]}'
+              - '0'
+              - '[1]'
+              - '1'
+
+          - program: 'recurse(. * .; . < 20)'
+            input: 2
+            output:
+                - 2
+                - 4
+                - 16
+
+      - title: "`..`"
+        body: |
+
+          Short-hand for `recurse` without arguments.  This is intended
+          to resemble the XPath `//` operator.  Note that `..a` does not
+          work; use `..|a` instead.  In the example below we use
+          `..|.a?` to find all the values of object keys "a" in any
+          object found "below" `.`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '..|.a?'
+            input: '[[{"a":1}]]'
+            output: ['1']
+
+      - title: "`env`"
+        body: |
+
+          Outputs an object representing jq's environment.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'env.PAGER'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['"less"']
+
+      - title: "`transpose`"
+        body: |
+
+          Transpose a possibly jagged matrix (an array of arrays). 
+          Rows are padded with nulls so the result is always rectangular.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'transpose'
+            input: '[[1], [2,3]]'
+            output: ['[[1,2],[null,3]]']
+
+      - title: "`bsearch(x)`"
+        body: |
+
+          bsearch(x) conducts a binary search for x in the input
+          array.  If the input is sorted and contains x, then
+          bsearch(x) will return its index in the array; otherwise, if
+          the array is sorted, it will return (-1 - ix) where ix is an
+          insertion point such that the array would still be sorted
+          after the insertion of x at ix.  If the array is not sorted,
+          bsearch(x) will return an integer that is probably of no
+          interest.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'bsearch(0)'
+            input: '[0,1]'
+            output: ['0']
+          - program: 'bsearch(0)'
+            input: '[1,2,3]'
+            output: ['-1']
+          - program: 'bsearch(4) as $ix | if $ix < 0 then .[-(1+$ix)] = 4 else . end'
+            input: '[1,2,3]'
+            output: ['[1,2,3,4]']
+
+      - title: "String interpolation - `\\(foo)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Inside a string, you can put an expression inside parens
+          after a backslash. Whatever the expression returns will be
+          interpolated into the string.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '"The input was \(.), which is one less than \(.+1)"'
+            input: '42'
+            output: ['"The input was 42, which is one less than 43"']
+
+      - title: "Convert to/from JSON"
+        body: |
+
+          The `tojson` and `fromjson` builtins dump values as JSON texts
+          or parse JSON texts into values, respectively.  The tojson
+          builtin differs from tostring in that tostring returns strings
+          unmodified, while tojson encodes strings as JSON strings.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[.[]|tostring]'
+            input: '[1, "foo", ["foo"]]'
+            output: ['["1","foo","[\"foo\"]"]']
+          - program: '[.[]|tojson]'
+            input: '[1, "foo", ["foo"]]'
+            output: ['["1","\"foo\"","[\"foo\"]"]']
+          - program: '[.[]|tojson|fromjson]'
+            input: '[1, "foo", ["foo"]]'
+            output: ['[1,"foo",["foo"]]']
+
+      - title: "Format strings and escaping"
+        body: |
+
+          The `@foo` syntax is used to format and escape strings,
+          which is useful for building URLs, documents in a language
+          like HTML or XML, and so forth. `@foo` can be used as a
+          filter on its own, the possible escapings are:
+
+          * `@text`:
+
+            Calls `tostring`, see that function for details.
+
+          * `@json`:
+
+            Serializes the input as JSON.
+
+          * `@html`:
+
+            Applies HTML/XML escaping, by mapping the characters
+            `<>&'"` to their entity equivalents `&lt;`, `&gt;`,
+            `&amp;`, `&apos;`, `&quot;`.
+
+          * `@uri`:
+
+            Applies percent-encoding, by mapping all reserved URI
+            characters to a `%XX` sequence.
+
+          * `@csv`:
+
+            The input must be an array, and it is rendered as CSV
+            with double quotes for strings, and quotes escaped by
+            repetition.
+
+          * `@tsv`:
+
+            The input must be an array, and it is rendered as TSV
+            (tab-separated values). Each input array will be printed as
+            a single line. Fields are separated by a single
+            tab (ascii `0x09`). Input characters line-feed (ascii `0x0a`),
+            carriage-return (ascii `0x0d`), tab (ascii `0x09`) and
+            backslash (ascii `0x5c`) will be output as escape sequences
+            `\n`, `\r`, `\t`, `\\` respectively.
+
+          * `@sh`:
+
+            The input is escaped suitable for use in a command-line
+            for a POSIX shell. If the input is an array, the output
+            will be a series of space-separated strings.
+
+          * `@base64`:
+
+            The input is converted to base64 as specified by RFC 4648.
+
+          This syntax can be combined with string interpolation in a
+          useful way. You can follow a `@foo` token with a string
+          literal. The contents of the string literal will *not* be
+          escaped. However, all interpolations made inside that string
+          literal will be escaped. For instance,
+
+              @uri "https://www.google.com/search?q=\(.search)"
+
+          will produce the following output for the input
+          `{"search":"what is jq?"}`:
+
+              "https://www.google.com/search?q=what%20is%20jq%3F"
+
+          Note that the slashes, question mark, etc. in the URL are
+          not escaped, as they were part of the string literal.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '@html'
+            input: '"This works if x < y"'
+            output: ['"This works if x &lt; y"']
+
+#          - program: '@html "<span>Anonymous said: \(.)</span>"'
+#            input: '"<script>alert(\"lol hax\");</script>"'
+#            output: ["<span>Anonymous said: &lt;script&gt;alert(&quot;lol hax&quot;);&lt;/script&gt;</span>"]
+
+          - program: '@sh "echo \(.)"'
+            input: "\"O'Hara's Ale\""
+            output: ["\"echo 'O'\\\\''Hara'\\\\''s Ale'\""]
+
+      - title: "Dates"
+        body: |
+
+          jq provides some basic date handling functionality, with some
+          high-level and low-level builtins.  In all cases these
+          builtins deal exclusively with time in UTC.
+
+          The `fromdateiso8601` builtin parses datetimes in the ISO 8601
+          format to a number of seconds since the Unix epoch
+          (1970-01-01T00:00:00Z).  The `todateiso8601` builtin does the
+          inverse.
+
+          The `fromdate` builtin parses datetime strings.  Currently
+          `fromdate` only supports ISO 8601 datetime strings, but in the
+          future it will attempt to parse datetime strings in more
+          formats.
+
+          The `todate` builtin is an alias for `todateiso8601`.
+
+          The `now` builtin outputs the current time, in seconds since
+          the Unix epoch.
+
+          Low-level jq interfaces to the C-library time functions are
+          also provided: `strptime`, `strftime`, `mktime`, and `gmtime`.
+          Refer to your host operating system's documentation for the
+          format strings used by `strptime` and `strftime`.  Note: these
+          are not necessarily stable interfaces in jq, particularly as
+          to their localization functionality.
+
+          The `gmtime` builtin consumes a number of seconds since the
+          Unix epoch and outputs a "broken down time" representation of
+          time as an array of numbers representing (in this order): the
+          year, the month (zero-based), the day of the month, the hour
+          of the day, the minute of the hour, the second of the minute,
+          the day of the week, and the day of the year -- all one-based
+          unless otherwise stated.
+
+          The `mktime` builtin consumes "broken down time"
+          representations of time output by `gmtime` and `strptime`.
+
+          The `strptime(fmt)` builtin parses input strings matching the
+          `fmt` argument.  The output is in the "broken down time"
+          representation consumed by `gmtime` and output by `mktime`.
+
+          The `strftime(fmt)` builtin formats a time with the given
+          format.
+
+          The format strings for `strptime` and `strftime` are described
+          in typical C library documentation.  The format string for ISO
+          8601 datetime is `"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"`.
+
+          jq may not support some or all of this date functionality on
+          some systems.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'fromdate'
+            input: '"2015-03-05T23:51:47Z"'
+            output: ['1425599507']
+
+          - program: 'strptime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")'
+            input: '"2015-03-05T23:51:47Z"'
+            output: ['[2015,2,5,23,51,47,4,63]']
+
+          - program: 'strptime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")|mktime'
+            input: '"2015-03-05T23:51:47Z"'
+            output: ['1425599507']
+
+  - title: Conditionals and Comparisons
+    entries:
+      - title: "`==`, `!=`"
+        body: |
+
+          The expression 'a == b' will produce 'true' if the result of a and b
+          are equal (that is, if they represent equivalent JSON documents) and
+          'false' otherwise. In particular, strings are never considered equal
+          to numbers. If you're coming from Javascript, jq's == is like
+          Javascript's === - considering values equal only when they have the
+          same type as well as the same value.
+
+          != is "not equal", and 'a != b' returns the opposite value of 'a == b'
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.[] == 1'
+            input: '[1, 1.0, "1", "banana"]'
+            output: ['true', 'true', 'false', 'false']
+
+      - title: if-then-else
+        body: |
+
+          `if A then B else C end` will act the same as `B` if `A`
+          produces a value other than false or null, but act the same
+          as `C` otherwise.
+
+          Checking for false or null is a simpler notion of
+          "truthiness" than is found in Javascript or Python, but it
+          means that you'll sometimes have to be more explicit about
+          the condition you want: you can't test whether, e.g. a
+          string is empty using `if .name then A else B end`, you'll
+          need something more like `if (.name | length) > 0 then A else
+          B end` instead.
+
+          If the condition A produces multiple results, it is
+          considered "true" if any of those results is not false or
+          null. If it produces zero results, it's considered false.
+
+          More cases can be added to an if using `elif A then B` syntax.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: |-
+              if . == 0 then
+                "zero"
+              elif . == 1 then
+                "one"
+              else
+                "many"
+              end
+            input: 2
+            output: ['"many"']
+
+      - title: "`>, >=, <=, <`"
+        body: |
+
+          The comparison operators `>`, `>=`, `<=`, `<` return whether
+          their left argument is greater than, greater than or equal
+          to, less than or equal to or less than their right argument
+          (respectively).
+
+          The ordering is the same as that described for `sort`, above.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '. < 5'
+            input: 2
+            output: ['true']
+
+      - title: and/or/not
+        body: |
+
+          jq supports the normal Boolean operators and/or/not. They have the
+          same standard of truth as if expressions - false and null are
+          considered "false values", and anything else is a "true value".
+
+          If an operand of one of these operators produces multiple
+          results, the operator itself will produce a result for each input.
+
+          `not` is in fact a builtin function rather than an operator,
+          so it is called as a filter to which things can be piped
+          rather than with special syntax, as in `.foo and .bar |
+          not`.
+
+          These three only produce the values "true" and "false", and
+          so are only useful for genuine Boolean operations, rather
+          than the common Perl/Python/Ruby idiom of
+          "value_that_may_be_null or default". If you want to use this
+          form of "or", picking between two values rather than
+          evaluating a condition, see the "//" operator below.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '42 and "a string"'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['true']
+          - program: '(true, false) or false'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['true', 'false']
+#          - program: '(true, false) and (true, false)'
+#            input: 'null'
+#            output: ['true', 'false', 'false', 'false']
+          - program: '(true, true) and (true, false)'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['true', 'false', 'true', 'false']
+          - program: '[true, false | not]'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['[false, true]']
+
+      - title: Alternative operator - `//`
+        body: |
+
+          A filter of the form `a // b` produces the same
+          results as `a`, if `a` produces results other than `false`
+          and `null`. Otherwise, `a // b` produces the same results as `b`.
+
+          This is useful for providing defaults: `.foo // 1` will
+          evaluate to `1` if there's no `.foo` element in the
+          input. It's similar to how `or` is sometimes used in Python
+          (jq's `or` operator is reserved for strictly Boolean
+          operations).
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.foo // 42'
+            input: '{"foo": 19}'
+            output: [19]
+          - program: '.foo // 42'
+            input: '{}'
+            output: [42]
+
+      - title: try-catch
+        body: |
+
+          Errors can be caught by using `try EXP catch EXP`.  The first
+          expression is executed, and if it fails then the second is
+          executed with the error message.  The output of the handler,
+          if any, is output as if it had been the output of the
+          expression to try.
+
+          The `try EXP` form uses `empty` as the exception handler.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'try .a catch ". is not an object"'
+            input: 'true'
+            output: ['". is not an object"']
+          - program: '[.[]|try .a]'
+            input: '[{}, true, {"a":1}]'
+            output: ['[null, 1]']
+          - program: 'try error("some exception") catch .'
+            input: 'true'
+            output: ['"some exception"']
+
+      - title: Breaking out of control structures
+        body: |
+
+          A convenient use of try/catch is to break out of control
+          structures like `reduce`, `foreach`, `while`, and so on.
+
+          For example:
+
+              # Repeat an expression until it raises "break" as an
+              # error, then stop repeating without re-raising the error.
+              # But if the error caught is not "break" then re-raise it.
+              try repeat(exp) catch .=="break" then empty else error;
+
+          jq has a syntax for named lexical labels to "break" or "go (back) to":
+
+              label $out | ... break $out ...
+
+          The `break $label_name` expression will cause the program to
+          to act as though the nearest (to the left) `label $label_name`
+          produced `empty`.
+
+          The relationship between the `break` and corresponding `label`
+          is lexical: the label has to be "visible" from the break.
+
+          To break out of a `reduce`, for example:
+
+              label $out | reduce .[] as $item (null; if .==false then break $out else ... end)
+
+          The following jq program produces a syntax error:
+
+              break $out
+
+          because no label `$out` is visible.
+
+      - title: "`?` operator"
+        body: |
+
+          The `?` operator, used as `EXP?`, is shorthand for `try EXP`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[.[]|(.a)?]'
+            input: '[{}, true, {"a":1}]'
+            output: ['[null, 1]']
+
+
+  - title: Regular expressions (PCRE)
+    body: |
+
+      jq uses the Oniguruma regular expression library, as do php,
+      ruby, TextMate, Sublime Text, etc, so the description here
+      will focus on jq specifics.
+
+      The jq regex filters are defined so that they can be used using
+      one of these patterns:
+
+          STRING | FILTER( REGEX )
+          STRING | FILTER( REGEX; FLAGS )
+          STRING | FILTER( [REGEX] )
+          STRING | FILTER( [REGEX, FLAGS] )
+
+      where:
+      * STRING, REGEX and FLAGS are jq strings and subject to jq string interpolation;
+      * REGEX, after string interpolation, should be a valid PCRE regex;
+      * FILTER is one of `test`, `match`, or `capture`, as described below.
+
+      FLAGS is a string consisting of one of more of the supported flags:
+
+      * `g` - Global search (find all matches, not just the first)
+      * `i` - Case insensitive search
+      * `m` - Multi line mode ('.' will match newlines)
+      * `n` - Ignore empty matches
+      * `p` - Both s and m modes are enabled
+      * `s` - Single line mode ('^' -> '\A', '$' -> '\Z')
+      * `l` - Find longest possible matches
+      * `x` - Extended regex format (ignore whitespace and comments)
+
+      To match whitespace in an x pattern use an escape such as \s, e.g.
+
+      * test( "a\\sb", "x" ).
+
+      Note that certain flags may also be specified within REGEX, e.g.
+
+      * jq -n '("test", "TEst", "teST", "TEST") | test( "(?i)te(?-i)st" )'
+
+      evaluates to: true, true, false, false.
+
+    entries:
+      - title: "\\[Requires 1.5\\] `test(val)`, `test(regex; flags)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Like `match`, but does not return match objects, only `true` or `false`
+          for whether or not the regex matches the input.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'test("foo")'
+            input: '"foo"'
+            output: ['true']
+          - program: '.[] | test("a b c # spaces are ignored"; "ix")'
+            input: '["xabcd", "ABC"]'
+            output: ['true', 'true']
+
+      - title: "\\[Requires 1.5\\] `match(val)`, `match(regex; flags)`"
+        body: |
+
+          **match** outputs an object for each match it finds.  Matches have
+          the following fields:
+
+          * `offset` - offset in UTF-8 codepoints from the beginning of the input
+          * `length` - length in UTF-8 codepoints of the match
+          * `string` - the string that it matched
+          * `captures` - an array of objects representing capturing groups.
+
+          Capturing group objects have the following fields:
+
+          * `offset` - offset in UTF-8 codepoints from the beginning of the input
+          * `length` - length in UTF-8 codepoints of this capturing group
+          * `string` - the string that was captured
+          * `name` - the name of the capturing group (or `null` if it was unnamed)
+
+          Capturing groups that did not match anything return an offset of -1
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'match("(abc)+"; "g")'
+            input: '"abc abc"'
+            output:
+             - '{"offset": 0, "length": 3, "string": "abc", "captures": [{"offset": 0, "length": 3, "string": "abc", "name": null}]}'
+             - '{"offset": 4, "length": 3, "string": "abc", "captures": [{"offset": 4, "length": 3, "string": "abc", "name": null}]}'
+          - program: 'match("foo")'
+            input: '"foo bar foo"'
+            output: ['{"offset": 0, "length": 3, "string": "foo", "captures": []}']
+          - program: 'match(["foo", "ig"])'
+            input: '"foo bar FOO"'
+            output:
+             - '{"offset": 0, "length": 3, "string": "foo", "captures": []}'
+             - '{"offset": 8, "length": 3, "string": "FOO", "captures": []}'
+          - program: 'match("foo (?<bar123>bar)? foo"; "ig")'
+            input: '"foo bar foo foo  foo"'
+            output:
+             - '{"offset": 0, "length": 11, "string": "foo bar foo", "captures": [{"offset": 4, "length": 3, "string": "bar", "name": "bar123"}]}'
+             - '{"offset": 12, "length": 8, "string": "foo  foo", "captures": [{"offset": -1, "length": 0, "string": null, "name": "bar123"}]}'
+
+          - program: '[ match("."; "g")] | length'
+            input: '"abc"'
+            output: [3]
+
+
+      - title: "\\[Requires 1.5\\] `capture(val)`, `capture(regex; flags)`"
+        body: |
+
+         Collects the named captures in a JSON object, with the name
+         of each capture as the key, and the matched string as the
+         corresponding value.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'capture("(?<a>[a-z]+)-(?<n>[0-9]+)")'
+            input: '"xyzzy-14"'
+            output: ['{ "a": "xyzzy", "n": "14" }']
+
+      - title: "\\[Requires 1.5\\] `scan(regex)`, `scan(regex; flags)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Emit a stream of the non-overlapping substrings of the input
+          that match the regex in accordance with the flags, if any
+          have been specified.  If there is no match, the stream is empty.
+          To capture all the matches for each input string, use the idiom
+          `[ expr ]`, e.g. `[ scan(regex) ]`.
+
+        example:
+          - program: 'scan("c")'
+            input: '"abcdefabc"'
+            output: ['"c"', '"c"']
+
+          - program: 'scan("b")'
+            input: ("", "")
+            output: ['[]', '[]']
+
+      - title: "`split(regex; flags)`"
+        body: |
+
+          For backwards compatibility, `split` splits on a string, not a regex.
+
+        example:
+          - program: 'split(", *"; null)'
+            input: '"ab,cd, ef"'
+            output: ['"ab","cd","ef"']
+
+
+      - title: "\\[Requires 1.5\\] `splits(regex)`, `splits(regex; flags)`"
+        body: |
+
+          These provide the same results as their `split` counterparts,
+          but as a stream instead of an array.
+
+        example:
+          - program: 'splits(", *")'
+            input: '("ab,cd", "ef, gh")'
+            output: ['"ab"', '"cd"', '"ef"', '"gh"']
+
+      - title: "\\[Requires 1.5\\] `sub(regex; tostring)` `sub(regex; string; flags)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Emit the string obtained by replacing the first match of regex in the
+          input string with `tostring`, after interpolation.  `tostring` should
+          be a jq string, and may contain references to named captures. The
+          named captures are, in effect, presented as a JSON object (as
+          constructed by `capture`) to `tostring`, so a reference to a captured
+          variable named "x" would take the form: "\(.x)".
+
+        example:
+          - program: 'sub("^[^a-z]*(?<x>[a-z]*).*")'
+            input: '"123abc456"'
+            output: '"ZabcZabc"'
+
+
+      - title: "\\[Requires 1.5\\] `gsub(regex; string)`, `gsub(regex; string; flags)`"
+        body: |
+
+          `gsub` is like `sub` but all the non-overlapping occurrences of the regex are
+          replaced by the string, after interpolation.
+
+        example:
+          - program: 'gsub("(?<x>.)[^a]*"; "+\(.x)-")'
+            input: '"Abcabc"'
+            output: '"+A-+a-"'
+
+
+  - title: Advanced features
+    body: |
+      Variables are an absolute necessity in most programming languages, but
+      they're relegated to an "advanced feature" in jq.
+
+      In most languages, variables are the only means of passing around
+      data. If you calculate a value, and you want to use it more than once,
+      you'll need to store it in a variable. To pass a value to another part
+      of the program, you'll need that part of the program to define a
+      variable (as a function parameter, object member, or whatever) in
+      which to place the data.
+
+      It is also possible to define functions in jq, although this is
+      is a feature whose biggest use is defining jq's standard library
+      (many jq functions such as `map` and `find` are in fact written
+      in jq).
+
+      jq has reduction operators, which are very powerful but a bit
+      tricky.  Again, these are mostly used internally, to define some
+      useful bits of jq's standard library.
+
+      It may not be obvious at first, but jq is all about generators
+      (yes, as often found in other languages).  Some utilities are
+      provided to help deal with generators.
+
+      Some minimal I/O support (besides reading JSON from standard
+      input, and writing JSON to standard output) is available.
+
+      Finally, there is a module/library system.
+
+    entries:
+      - title: Variables
+        body: |
+
+          In jq, all filters have an input and an output, so manual
+          plumbing is not necessary to pass a value from one part of a program
+          to the next. Many expressions, for instance `a + b`, pass their input
+          to two distinct subexpressions (here `a` and `b` are both passed the
+          same input), so variables aren't usually necessary in order to use a
+          value twice.
+
+          For instance, calculating the average value of an array of numbers
+          requires a few variables in most languages - at least one to hold the
+          array, perhaps one for each element or for a loop counter. In jq, it's
+          simply `add / length` - the `add` expression is given the array and
+          produces its sum, and the `length` expression is given the array and
+          produces its length.
+
+          So, there's generally a cleaner way to solve most problems in jq than
+          defining variables. Still, sometimes they do make things easier, so jq
+          lets you define variables using `expression as $variable`. All
+          variable names start with `$`. Here's a slightly uglier version of the
+          array-averaging example:
+
+              length as $array_length | add / $array_length
+
+          We'll need a more complicated problem to find a situation where using
+          variables actually makes our lives easier.
+
+
+          Suppose we have an array of blog posts, with "author" and "title"
+          fields, and another object which is used to map author usernames to
+          real names. Our input looks like:
+
+              {"posts": [{"title": "Frist psot", "author": "anon"},
+                         {"title": "A well-written article", "author": "person1"}],
+               "realnames": {"anon": "Anonymous Coward",
+                             "person1": "Person McPherson"}}
+
+          We want to produce the posts with the author field containing a real
+          name, as in:
+
+              {"title": "Frist psot", "author": "Anonymous Coward"}
+              {"title": "A well-written article", "author": "Person McPherson"}
+
+          We use a variable, $names, to store the realnames object, so that we
+          can refer to it later when looking up author usernames:
+
+              .realnames as $names | .posts[] | {title, author: $names[.author]}
+
+          The expression `exp as $x | ...` means: for each value of expression
+          `exp`, run the rest of the pipeline with the entire original input, and
+          with `$x` set to that value.  Thus `as` functions as something of a
+          foreach loop.
+
+          Just as `{foo}` is a handy way of writing `{foo: .foo}`, so
+          `{$foo}` is a handy way of writing `{foo:$foo}`.
+
+          Multiple variables may be declared using a single `as` expression by
+          providing a pattern that matches the structure of the input
+          (this is known as "destructuring"):
+
+              . as {realnames: $names, posts: [$first, $second]} | ...
+
+          The variable declarations in array patterns (e.g., `. as
+          [$first, $second]`) bind to the elements of the array in from
+          the element at index zero on up, in order.  When there is no
+          value at the index for an array pattern element, `null` is
+          bound to that variable.
+
+          Variables are scoped over the rest of the expression that defines
+          them, so
+
+              .realnames as $names | (.posts[] | {title, author: $names[.author]})
+
+          will work, but
+
+              (.realnames as $names | .posts[]) | {title, author: $names[.author]}
+
+          won't.
+
+          For programming language theorists, it's more accurate to
+          say that jq variables are lexically-scoped bindings.  In
+          particular there's no way to change the value of a binding;
+          one can only setup a new binding with the same name, but which
+          will not be visible where the old one was.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '.bar as $x | .foo | . + $x'
+            input: '{"foo":10, "bar":200}'
+            output: ['210']
+          - program: '. as $i|[(.*2|. as $i| $i), $i]'
+            input: '5'
+            output: ['[10,5]']
+          - program: '. as [$a, $b, {c: $c}] | $a + $b + $c'
+            input: '[2, 3, {"c": 4, "d": 5}]'
+            output: ['9']
+          - program: '.[] as [$a, $b] | {a: $a, b: $b}'
+            input: '[[0], [0, 1], [2, 1, 0]]'
+            output: ['{"a":0,"b":null}', '{"a":0,"b":1}', '{"a":2,"b":1}']
+
+      - title: 'Defining Functions'
+        body: |
+
+          You can give a filter a name using "def" syntax:
+
+              def increment: . + 1;
+
+          From then on, `increment` is usable as a filter just like a
+          builtin function (in fact, this is how some of the builtins
+          are defined). A function may take arguments:
+
+              def map(f): [.[] | f];
+
+          Arguments are passed as filters, not as values. The
+          same argument may be referenced multiple times with
+          different inputs (here `f` is run for each element of the
+          input array). Arguments to a function work more like
+          callbacks than like value arguments.  This is important to
+          understand.  Consider:
+
+              def foo(f): f|f;
+              5|foo(.*2)
+
+          The result will be 20 because `f` is `.*2`, and during the
+          first invocation of `f` `.` will be 5, and the second time it
+          will be 10 (5 * 2), so the result will be 20.  Function
+          arguments are filters, and filters expect an input when
+          invoked.
+
+          If you want the value-argument behaviour for defining simple
+          functions, you can just use a variable:
+
+              def addvalue(f): f as $f | map(. + $f);
+
+          Or use the short-hand:
+
+              def addvalue($f): ...;
+
+          With either definition, `addvalue(.foo)` will add the current
+          input's `.foo` field to each element of the array.
+
+          Multiple definitions using the same function name are allowed.
+          Each re-definition replaces the previous one for the same
+          number of function arguments, but only for references from
+          functions (or main program) subsequent to the re-definition.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'def addvalue(f): . + [f]; map(addvalue(.[0]))'
+            input: '[[1,2],[10,20]]'
+            output: ['[[1,2,1], [10,20,10]]']
+          - program: 'def addvalue(f): f as $x | map(. + $x); addvalue(.[0])'
+            input: '[[1,2],[10,20]]'
+            output: ['[[1,2,1,2], [10,20,1,2]]']
+
+      - title: Reduce
+        body: |
+
+          The `reduce` syntax in jq allows you to combine all of the
+          results of an expression by accumulating them into a single
+          answer. As an example, we'll pass `[3,2,1]` to this expression:
+
+              reduce .[] as $item (0; . + $item)
+
+          For each result that `.[]` produces, `. + $item` is run to
+          accumulate a running total, starting from 0. In this
+          example, `.[]` produces the results 3, 2, and 1, so the
+          effect is similar to running something like this:
+
+              0 | (3 as $item | . + $item) |
+                  (2 as $item | . + $item) |
+                  (1 as $item | . + $item)
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'reduce .[] as $item (0; . + $item)'
+            input: '[10,2,5,3]'
+            output: ['20']
+
+      - title: "`limit(n; exp)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `limit` function extracts up to `n` outputs from `exp`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[limit(3;.[])]'
+            input: '[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]'
+            output: ['[0,1,2]']
+
+      - title: "`first(expr)`, `last(expr)`, `nth(n; expr)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `first(expr)` and `last(expr)` functions extract the first
+          and last values from `expr`, respectively.
+
+          The `nth(n; expr)` function extracts the nth value output by
+          `expr`.  This can be defined as `def nth(n; expr):
+          last(limit(n + 1; expr));`.  Note that `nth(n; expr)` doesn't
+          support negative values of `n`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[first(range(.)), last(range(.)), nth(./2; range(.))]'
+            input: '10'
+            output: ['[0,9,5]']
+
+      - title: "`first`, `last`, `nth(n)`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `first` and `last` functions extract the first
+          and last values from any array at `.`.
+
+          The `nth(n)` function extracts the nth value of any array at `.`.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[range(.)]|[first, last, nth(5)]'
+            input: '10'
+            output: ['[0,9,5]']
+
+      - title: "`foreach`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `foreach` syntax is similar to `reduce`, but intended to
+          allow the construction of `limit` and reducers that produce
+          intermediate results (see example).
+
+          The form is `foreach EXP as $var (INIT; UPDATE; EXTRACT)`.
+          Like `reduce`, `INIT` is evaluated once to produce a state
+          value, then each output of `EXP` is bound to `$var`, `UPDATE`
+          is evaluated for each output of `EXP` with the current state
+          and with `$var` visible.  Each value output by `UPDATE`
+          replaces the previous state.  Finally, `EXTRACT` is evaluated
+          for each new state to extract an output of `foreach`.
+
+          This is mostly useful only for constructing `reduce`- and
+          `limit`-like functions.  But it is much more general, as it
+          allows for partial reductions (see the example below).
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[foreach .[] as $item
+                        ([[],[]];
+                        if $item == null then [[],.[0]] else [(.[0] + [$item]),[]] end;
+                        if $item == null then .[1] else empty end)]'
+            input: '[1,2,3,4,null,"a","b",null]'
+            output: ['[[1,2,3,4],["a","b"]]']
+
+      - title: Recursion
+        body: |
+
+          As described above, `recurse` uses recursion, and any jq
+          function can be recursive.  The `while` builtin is also
+          implemented in terms of recursion.
+
+          Tail calls are optimized whenever the expression to the left of
+          the recursive call outputs its last value.  In practice this
+          means that the expression to the left of the recursive call
+          should not produce more than one output for each input.
+
+          For example:
+
+              def recurse(f): def r: ., (f | select(. != null) | r); r;
+
+              def while(cond; update):
+                def _while:
+                  if cond then ., (update | _while) else empty end;
+                _while;
+
+              def repeat(exp):
+                def _repeat:
+                  exp, _repeat;
+                _repeat;
+
+      - title: Generators and iterators
+        body: |
+
+            Some jq operators and functions are actually generators in
+            that they can produce zero, one, or more values for each
+            input, just as one might expect in other programming
+            languages that have generators.  For example, `.[]`
+            generates all the values in its input (which must be an
+            array or an object), `range(0; 10)` generates the integers
+            between 0 and 10, and so on.
+
+            Even the comma operator is a generator, generating first the
+            values generated by the expression to the left of the comma,
+            then for each of those, the values generate by the
+            expression on the right of the comma.
+
+            The `empty` builtin is the generator that produces zero
+            outputs.  The `empty` builtin backtracks to the preceding
+            generator expression.
+
+            All jq functions can be generators just by using builtin
+            generators.  It is also possible to define new generators
+            using only recursion and the comma operator.  If the
+            recursive call(s) is(are) "in tail position" then the
+            generator will be efficient.  In the example below the
+            recursive call by `_range` to itself is in tail position.
+            The example shows off three advanced topics: tail recursion,
+            generator construction, and sub-functions.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'def range(init; upto; by):
+                    def _range:
+                        if (by > 0 and . < upto) or (by < 0 and . > upto)
+                        then ., ((.+by)|_range)
+                        else . end;
+                    if by == 0 then init else init|_range end |
+                    select((by > 0 and . < upto) or (by < 0 and . > upto));
+                range(0; 10; 3)'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['0', '3', '6', '9']
+          - program: 'def while(cond; update):
+                    def _while:
+                        if cond then ., (update | _while) else empty end;
+                    _while;
+                [while(.<100; .*2)]'
+            input: '1'
+            output: ['[1,2,4,8,16,32,64]']
+
+  - title: 'Math'
+    body: |
+
+      jq currently only has IEEE754 double-precision (64-bit) floating
+      point number support.
+
+      Besides simple arithmetic operators such as `+`, jq also has most
+      standard math functions from the C math library.  C math functions
+      that take a single input argument (e.g., `sin()`) are available as
+      zero-argument jq functions.  C math functions that take two input
+      arguments (e.g., `pow()`) are available as two-argument jq
+      functions that ignore `.`.
+
+      Availability of standard math functions depends on the
+      availability of the corresponding math functions in your operating
+      system and C math library.  Unavailable math functions will be
+      defined but will raise an error.
+
+  - title: 'I/O'
+    body: |
+
+      At this time jq has minimal support for I/O, mostly in the
+      form of control over when inputs are read.  Two builtins functions
+      are provided for this, `input` and `inputs`, that read from the
+      same sources (e.g., `stdin`, files named on the command-line) as
+      jq itself.  These two builtins, and jq's own reading actions, can
+      be interleaved with each other.
+
+      One builtin provides minimal output capabilities, `debug`.
+      (Recall that a jq program's output values are always output as
+      JSON texts on `stdout`.)  The `debug` builtin can have
+      application-specific behavior, such as for executables that use
+      the libjq C API but aren't the jq executable itself.
+
+    entries:
+      - title: "`input`"
+        body: |
+
+          Outputs one new input.
+
+      - title: "`inputs`"
+        body: |
+
+          Outputs all remaining inputs, one by one.
+
+          This is primarily useful for reductions over a program's
+          inputs.
+
+      - title: "`debug`"
+        body: |
+
+          Causes a debug message based on the input value to be
+          produced.  The jq executable wraps the input value with
+          `["DEBUG:", <input-value>]` and prints that and a newline on
+          stderr, compactly.  This may change in the future.
+
+      - title: "`input_filename`"
+        body: |
+
+          Returns the name of the file whose input is currently being
+          filtered.  Note that this will not work well unless jq is
+          running in a UTF-8 locale.
+
+      - title: "`input_line_number`"
+        body: |
+
+          Returns the line number of the input currently being filtered.
+
+  - title: 'Streaming'
+    body: |
+
+      With the `--stream` option jq can parse input texts in a streaming
+      fashion, allowing jq programs to start processing large JSON texts
+      immediately rather than after the parse completes.  If you have a
+      single JSON text that is 1GB in size, streaming it will allow you
+      to process it much more quickly.
+
+      However, streaming isn't easy to deal with as the jq program will
+      have `[<path>, <leaf-value>]` (and a few other forms) as inputs.
+      
+      Several builtins are provided to make handling streams easier.
+
+      The examples below use the the streamed form of `[0,[1]]`, which
+      is `[[0],0],[[1,0],1],[[1,0]],[[1]]`.
+
+      Streaming forms include `[<path>, <leaf-value>]` (to indicate any
+      scalar value, empty array, or empty object), and `[<path>]` (to
+      indicate the end of an array or object).  Future versions of jq
+      run with `--stream` and `-seq` may output additional forms such as
+      `["error message"]` when an input text fails to parse.
+
+    entries:
+      - title: "`truncate_stream(stream_expression)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Consumes a number as input and truncates the corresponding
+          number of path elements from the left of the outputs of the
+          given streaming expression.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '[1|truncate_stream([[0],1],[[1,0],2],[[1,0]],[[1]])]'
+            input: '1'
+            output: ['[[[0],2],[[0]]]']
+
+      - title: "`fromstream(stream_expression)`"
+        body: |
+
+          Outputs values corresponding to the stream expression's
+          outputs.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: 'fromstream(1|truncate_stream([[0],1],[[1,0],2],[[1,0]],[[1]]))'
+            input: 'null'
+            output: ['[2]']
+
+      - title: "`tostream`"
+        body: |
+
+          The `tostream` builtin outputs the streamed form of its input.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: '. as $dot|fromstream($dot|tostream)|.==$dot'
+            input: '[0,[1,{"a":1},{"b":2}]]'
+            output: ['true']
+
+  - title: Assignment
+    body: |
+
+      Assignment works a little differently in jq than in most
+      programming languages. jq doesn't distinguish between references
+      to and copies of something - two objects or arrays are either
+      equal or not equal, without any further notion of being "the
+      same object" or "not the same object".
+
+      If an object has two fields which are arrays, `.foo` and `.bar`,
+      and you append something to `.foo`, then `.bar` will not get
+      bigger. Even if you've just set `.bar = .foo`. If you're used to
+      programming in languages like Python, Java, Ruby, Javascript,
+      etc. then you can think of it as though jq does a full deep copy
+      of every object before it does the assignment (for performance,
+      it doesn't actually do that, but that's the general idea).
+
+      All the assignment operators in jq have path expressions on the
+      left-hand side.
+
+    entries:
+      - title: "`=`"
+        body: |
+
+          The filter `.foo = 1` will take as input an object
+          and produce as output an object with the "foo" field set to
+          1. There is no notion of "modifying" or "changing" something
+          in jq - all jq values are immutable. For instance,
+
+           .foo = .bar | .foo.baz = 1
+
+          will not have the side-effect of setting .bar.baz to be set
+          to 1, as the similar-looking program in Javascript, Python,
+          Ruby or other languages would. Unlike these languages (but
+          like Haskell and some other functional languages), there is
+          no notion of two arrays or objects being "the same array" or
+          "the same object". They can be equal, or not equal, but if
+          we change one of them in no circumstances will the other
+          change behind our backs.
+
+          This means that it's impossible to build circular values in
+          jq (such as an array whose first element is itself). This is
+          quite intentional, and ensures that anything a jq program
+          can produce can be represented in JSON.
+
+          Note that the left-hand side of '=' refers to a value in `.`.
+          Thus `$var.foo = 1` won't work as expected (`$var.foo` is not
+          a valid or useful path expression in `.`); use `$var | .foo =
+          1` instead.
+
+          If the right-hand side of '=' produces multiple values, then
+          for each such value jq will set the paths on the left-hand
+          side to the value and then it will output the modified `.`.
+          For example, `(.a,.b)=range(2)` outputs `{"a":0,"b":0}`, then
+          `{"a":1,"b":1}`.  The "update" assignment forms (see below) do
+          not do this.
+
+          Note too that `.a,.b=0` does not set `.a` and `.b`, but
+          `(.a,.b)=0` sets both.
+
+      - title: "`|=`"
+        body: |
+          As well as the assignment operator '=', jq provides the "update"
+          operator '|=', which takes a filter on the right-hand side and
+          works out the new value for the property of `.` being assigned
+          to by running the old value through this expression. For
+          instance, .foo |= .+1 will build an object with the "foo"
+          field set to the input's "foo" plus 1.
+
+          This example should show the difference between '=' and '|=':
+
+          Provide input '{"a": {"b": 10}, "b": 20}' to the programs:
+
+          .a = .b
+          .a |= .b
+
+          The former will set the "a" field of the input to the "b" field of the
+          input, and produce the output {"a": 20}. The latter will set the "a"
+          field of the input to the "a" field's "b" field, producing {"a": 10}.
+
+          The left-hand side can be any general path expression; see `path()`.
+
+          Note that the left-hand side of '|=' refers to a value in `.`.
+          Thus `$var.foo |= . + 1` won't work as expected (`$var.foo` is
+          not a valid or useful path expression in `.`); use `$var |
+          .foo |= . + 1` instead.
+
+          If the right-hand side outputs multiple values, only the last
+          one will be used.
+
+        examples:
+
+          - program: '(..|select(type=="boolean")) |= if . then 1 else 0 end'
+            input: '[true,false,[5,true,[true,[false]],false]]'
+            output: ['[1,0,[5,1,[1,[0]],0]]']
+
+      - title: "`+=`, `-=`, `*=`, `/=`, `%=`, `//=`"
+        body: |
+
+          jq has a few operators of the form `a op= b`, which are all
+          equivalent to `a |= . op b`. So, `+= 1` can be used to increment values.
+
+        examples:
+          - program: .foo += 1
+            input: '{"foo": 42}'
+            output: ['{"foo": 43}']
+
+      - title: Complex assignments
+        body: |
+          Lots more things are allowed on the left-hand side of a jq assignment
+          than in most languages. We've already seen simple field accesses on
+          the left hand side, and it's no surprise that array accesses work just
+          as well:
+
+              .posts[0].title = "JQ Manual"
+
+          What may come as a surprise is that the expression on the left may
+          produce multiple results, referring to different points in the input
+          document:
+
+              .posts[].comments |= . + ["this is great"]
+
+          That example appends the string "this is great" to the "comments"
+          array of each post in the input (where the input is an object with a
+          field "posts" which is an array of posts).
+
+          When jq encounters an assignment like 'a = b', it records the "path"
+          taken to select a part of the input document while executing a. This
+          path is then used to find which part of the input to change while
+          executing the assignment. Any filter may be used on the
+          left-hand side of an equals - whichever paths it selects from the
+          input will be where the assignment is performed.
+
+          This is a very powerful operation. Suppose we wanted to add a comment
+          to blog posts, using the same "blog" input above. This time, we only
+          want to comment on the posts written by "stedolan". We can find those
+          posts using the "select" function described earlier:
+
+              .posts[] | select(.author == "stedolan")
+
+          The paths provided by this operation point to each of the posts that
+          "stedolan" wrote, and we can comment on each of them in the same way
+          that we did before:
+
+              (.posts[] | select(.author == "stedolan") | .comments) |=
+                  . + ["terrible."]
+
+  - title: Modules
+    body: |
+
+      jq has a library/module system.  Modules are files whose names end
+      in `.jq`.
+
+      Modules imported by a program are searched for in a default search
+      path (see below).  The `import` and `include` directives allow the
+      importer to alter this path.
+
+      Paths in the a search path are subject to various substitutions.
+
+      For paths starting with "~/", the user's home directory is
+      substituted for "~".
+
+      For paths starting with "$ORIGIN/", the path of the jq executable
+      is substituted for "$ORIGIN".
+
+      For paths starting with "./" or paths that are ".", the path of
+      the including file is substituted for ".".  For top-level programs
+      given on the command-line, the current directory is used.
+
+      Import directives can optionally specify a search path to which
+      the default is appended.
+
+      The default search path is the search path given to the `-L`
+      command-line option, else `["~/.jq", "$ORIGIN/../lib/jq",
+      "$ORIGIN/../lib"]`.
+
+      Null and empty string path elements terminate search path
+      processing.
+
+      A dependency with relative path "foo/bar" would be searched for in
+      "foo/bar.jq" and "foo/bar/bar.jq" in the given search path. This
+      is intended to allow modules to be placed in a directory along
+      with, for example, version control files, README files, and so on,
+      but also to allow for single-file modules.
+
+      Consecutive components with the same name are not allowed to avoid
+      ambiguities (e.g., "foo/foo").
+
+      For example, with `-L$HOME/.jq` a module `foo` can be found in
+      `$HOME/.jq/foo.jq` and `$HOME/.jq/foo/foo.jq`.
+
+      If "$HOME/.jq" is a file, it is sourced into the main program.
+
+    entries:
+      - title: "`import RelativePathString as NAME [<metadata>];`"
+        body: |
+
+          Imports a module found at the given path relative to a
+          directory in a search path.  A ".jq" suffix will be added to
+          the relative path string.  The module's symbols are prefixed
+          with "NAME::".
+
+          The optional metadata must be a constant jq expression.  It
+          should be an object with keys like "homepage" and so on.  At
+          this time jq only uses the "search" key/value of the metadata.
+          The metadata is also made available to users via the
+          `modulemeta` builtin.
+          
+          The "search" key in the metadata, if present, should have a
+          string or array value (array of strings); this is the search
+          path to be prefixed to the top-level search path.
+
+      - title: "`include RelativePathString [<metadata>];`"
+        body: |
+
+          Imports a module found at the given path relative to a
+          directory in a search path as if it were included in place.  A
+          ".jq" suffix will be added to the relative path string.  The
+          module's symbols are imported into the caller's namespace as
+          if the module's content had been included directly.
+
+          The optional metadata must be a constant jq expression.  It
+          should be an object with keys like "homepage" and so on.  At
+          this time jq only uses the "search" key/value of the metadata.
+          The metadata is also made available to users via the
+          `modulemeta` builtin.
+
+      - title: "`import RelativePathString as $NAME [<metadata>];`"
+        body: |
+
+          Imports a JSON file found at the given path relative to a
+          directory in a search path.  A ".json" suffix will be added to
+          the relative path string.  The file's data will be available
+          as `$NAME::NAME`.
+
+          The optional metadata must be a constant jq expression.  It
+          should be an object with keys like "homepage" and so on.  At
+          this time jq only uses the "search" key/value of the metadata.
+          The metadata is also made available to users via the
+          `modulemeta` builtin.
+          
+          The "search" key in the metadata, if present, should have a
+          string or array value (array of strings); this is the search
+          path to be prefixed to the top-level search path.
+
+      - title: "`module <metadata>;`"
+        body: |
+
+          This directive is entirely optional.  It's not required for
+          proper operation.  It serves only the purpose of providing
+          metadata that can be read with the `modulemeta` builtin.
+
+          The metadata must be a constant jq expression.  It should be
+          an object with keys like "homepage".  At this time jq doesn't
+          use this metadata, but it is made available to users via the
+          `modulemeta` builtin.
+
+      - title: "`modulemeta`"
+        body: |
+
+          Takes a module name as input and outputs the module's metadata
+          as an object, with the module's imports (including metadata)
+          as an array value for the "deps" key.
+
+          Programs can use this to query a module's metadata, which they
+          could then use to, for example, search for, download, and
+          install missing dependencies.
+