@poe-platform/safe-bash 0.1.736 → 0.1.738

package/dist/safe-bash/core.browser.js

@@ -55003,13 +55003,16 @@ function fastSafeInt(text3, budget) {
 function canEvalSafeSmiTree(node, depth = 0) {
   if (depth > 32) return false;
   if (node.kind === "literal") return node.value >= -94906265n && node.value <= 94906265n;
-  if (node.kind === "name") return node.subscript === void 0 || /^[0-9]{1,7}$/.test(node.subscript) || /^\$?[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/.test(node.subscript);
+  if (node.kind === "name") return node.subscript === void 0 || /^[0-9]{1,7}$/.test(node.subscript) || /^\$?[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/.test(node.subscript) || /^\s*[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*\s*(?:[-+*]\s*(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,6})|[/%]\s*[1-9][0-9]{0,6})\s*$/.test(node.subscript);
   if (node.kind === "unary") {
     if (node.operator === "+" || node.operator === "-" || node.operator === "!") return canEvalSafeSmiTree(node.operand, depth + 1);
     if (node.operator === "++" || node.operator === "--") return node.operand.kind === "name" && canEvalSafeSmiTree(node.operand, depth + 1) && depth === 0;
     return false;
   }
   if (node.kind === "binary") {
+    if (node.operator === "," && depth === 0) {
+      return canEvalSafeSmiTree(node.left, 0) && canEvalSafeSmiTree(node.right, 0);
+    }
     if ((node.operator === "=" || node.operator === "+=" || node.operator === "-=" || node.operator === "*=") && depth === 0) {
       return node.left.kind === "name" && canEvalSafeSmiTree(node.left, depth + 1) && canEvalSafeSmiTree(node.right, depth + 1);
     }
@@ -55048,6 +55051,11 @@ function evalSafeSmi(node, refs, budget) {
     return void 0;
   }
   if (node.kind === "binary") {
+    if (node.operator === ",") {
+      const l2 = evalSafeSmi(node.left, refs, budget);
+      if (l2 === void 0) return void 0;
+      return evalSafeSmi(node.right, refs, budget);
+    }
     if (node.operator === "=") {
       const r2 = evalSafeSmi(node.right, refs, budget);
       if (r2 === void 0 || r2 < -94906265 || r2 > 94906265) return void 0;
@@ -64256,6 +64264,68 @@ async function scanGetopts(state, optstring, input3, options2) {
   }
   return finish("option", option, { kind: "unset" }, null);
 }
+var syncSpecScratch = new Int8Array(128);
+function scanGetoptsSync(state, optstring, args) {
+  if (!record2(state) || typeof state.index !== "number" || !Number.isSafeInteger(state.index) || state.index < 0 || args.length > 1024 || optstring.length > 256) return void 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < optstring.length; i++) {
+    const c = optstring.charCodeAt(i);
+    if (c === 0 || c > 127) return void 0;
+  }
+  for (let i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+    const a = args[i];
+    if (a.length > 4096 || a.includes("\0")) return void 0;
+  }
+  const silent = optstring.charCodeAt(0) === 58;
+  syncSpecScratch.fill(-1);
+  for (let position = silent ? 1 : 0; position < optstring.length; position++) {
+    const code2 = optstring.charCodeAt(position);
+    if (code2 !== 58 && code2 !== 63 && syncSpecScratch[code2] === -1) syncSpecScratch[code2] = Number(optstring.charCodeAt(position + 1) === 58);
+  }
+  let index = state.index || 1;
+  let active = state.index === 0 ? void 0 : state.active;
+  if (index > args.length) {
+    index = args.length + 1;
+    return { state: { index }, kind: "end", status: 1, option: "?", optind: index, argument: { kind: "unset" }, diagnostic: null };
+  }
+  if (active && (args[active.argument] === void 0 || active.offset >= args[active.argument].length)) active = void 0;
+  if (!active) {
+    const token2 = args[index - 1];
+    if (token2.length < 2 || token2.charCodeAt(0) !== 45) {
+      return { state: { index }, kind: "end", status: 1, option: "?", optind: index, argument: { kind: "unset" }, diagnostic: null };
+    }
+    if (token2 === "--") {
+      index++;
+      return { state: { index }, kind: "end", status: 1, option: "?", optind: index, argument: { kind: "unset" }, diagnostic: null };
+    }
+    active = { argument: index - 1, offset: 1 };
+  }
+  const token = args[active.argument];
+  const option = token[active.offset];
+  const code = option.charCodeAt(0);
+  if (code > 127) return void 0;
+  const offset = active.offset + 1;
+  const attached = offset < token.length;
+  active = attached ? { argument: active.argument, offset } : void 0;
+  if (!attached) index++;
+  if (syncSpecScratch[code] === -1) {
+    if (!silent) return void 0;
+    return { state: active === void 0 ? { index } : { index, active }, kind: "unknown-option", status: 0, option: "?", optind: index, argument: { kind: "set", value: option }, diagnostic: null };
+  }
+  if (syncSpecScratch[code] === 1) {
+    if (attached) {
+      index++;
+      return { state: { index }, kind: "option", status: 0, option, optind: index, argument: { kind: "set", value: token.slice(offset) }, diagnostic: null };
+    }
+    if (index <= args.length) {
+      const value2 = args[index - 1];
+      index++;
+      return { state: active === void 0 ? { index } : { index, active }, kind: "option", status: 0, option, optind: index, argument: { kind: "set", value: value2 }, diagnostic: null };
+    }
+    if (!silent) return void 0;
+    return { state: active === void 0 ? { index } : { index, active }, kind: "missing-argument", status: 0, option: ":", optind: index, argument: { kind: "set", value: option }, diagnostic: null };
+  }
+  return { state: active === void 0 ? { index } : { index, active }, kind: "option", status: 0, option, optind: index, argument: { kind: "unset" }, diagnostic: null };
+}
 
 // packages/safe-bash/src/shell/cancellation.ts
 init_platform();
@@ -69874,6 +69944,26 @@ function hasActiveVariableAttributes(state) {
   }
   return false;
 }
+function hasNonNamerefAttributes(state) {
+  const attrs = state.variableAttributes;
+  if (!attrs || attrs.size === 0) return false;
+  for (const [k, val] of attrs.entries()) {
+    if (val.length === 0) continue;
+    if (val !== "n") return true;
+    const ref = state.variables[k];
+    if (!ref || !isShellIdentifier(ref) || ref === k || attrs.get(ref)) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+function resolveSyncNameref(state, name2) {
+  const attrs = state.variableAttributes;
+  if (!attrs || attrs.size === 0) return name2;
+  if (attrs.get(name2) === "n") {
+    const ref = state.variables[name2];
+    if (ref && isShellIdentifier(ref) && ref !== name2 && !attrs.get(ref)) return ref;
+  }
+  return name2;
+}
 function publishVariable(state, name2, value2) {
   const monitor = stateMonitor(state);
   if (monitor) {
@@ -71082,6 +71172,7 @@ function resolveSimpleArithOperand(tok, rawState, monitor, activeArrayStore, syn
     }
     tok = c1 === 123 ? tok.slice(2, -1) : tok.slice(1);
   }
+  tok = resolveSyncNameref(rawState, tok);
   if (rawState.nounset || activeArrayStore?.bindings.has(tok) || monitor?.hasOverlay(tok) || activeArrayStore?.watches.has(tok)) return void 0;
   const raw = rawState.variables[tok];
   if (raw === void 0 || raw === "") return 0;
@@ -71811,7 +71902,11 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       isSync: true,
       resolve: (variable, subscript) => {
         this.signal.throwIfAborted();
-        if (this._syncArithState.variableAttributes?.get(variable)?.includes("n")) throw new ArrayFailure("nameref in sync arithmetic");
+        if (this._syncArithState.variableAttributes?.get(variable)?.includes("n")) {
+          const resolved = resolveSyncNameref(this._syncArithState, variable);
+          if (resolved === variable) throw new ArrayFailure("nameref in sync arithmetic");
+          variable = resolved;
+        }
         if (subscript !== void 0) {
           let resolvedSub = subscript;
           if (resolvedSub.charCodeAt(0) === 36 && /^\$[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/.test(resolvedSub)) {
@@ -71829,6 +71924,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               const rawSub = this._syncArithRawVars[resolvedSub];
               resolvedSub = rawSub === void 0 || rawSub === "" ? "0" : (0, value_exports.shellValueText)(stateMonitor(st)?.values.get(resolvedSub, rawSub) ?? rawSub);
             }
+          } else {
+            const st = this._syncArithState;
+            const binding = arrayStore(st)?.get(variable);
+            if (!binding || !binding.associative) {
+              const subStr = tryEvalSimpleExpandedArith(resolvedSub, st, stateMonitor(st), arrayStore(st), this._syncArithRawWriteOnly ? this._syncArithTouched : void 0);
+              if (subStr !== void 0 && !subStr.startsWith("-")) resolvedSub = subStr;
+            }
           }
           if (resolvedSub.length === 0 || resolvedSub.length > 128 || !/^[a-zA-Z0-9_.\-/:@]+$/.test(resolvedSub)) throw new ArrayFailure("complex subscript in sync arithmetic");
           return `[idx]${variable}:${resolvedSub}`;
@@ -71959,14 +72061,29 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     }
   }
   canSyncArithmeticOperands(tree, state, line, depth = 0) {
-    if (!tree || depth > 128 || hasActiveVariableAttributes(state) || state.readonlyVariables?.size) return false;
+    if (!tree || depth > 128 || hasNonNamerefAttributes(state) || state.readonlyVariables?.size) return false;
     switch (tree.kind) {
       case "literal":
         return true;
       case "name": {
-        if (tree.subscript !== void 0 || tree.name === "OPTIND" || tree.name === "PIPESTATUS" || arrayStore(state)?.get(tree.name)) return false;
+        const effName = resolveSyncNameref(state, tree.name);
+        if (effName === "OPTIND" || effName === "PIPESTATUS") return false;
         const monitor = stateMonitor(state);
-        if (monitor?.hasOverlay(tree.name) || monitor?.store?.watches.has(tree.name)) return false;
+        if (monitor?.hasOverlay(effName) || monitor?.store?.watches.has(effName)) return false;
+        if (tree.subscript !== void 0) {
+          if (state.nounset || hasUnpreparedLocal(state, tree.name)) return false;
+          const binding = arrayStore(state)?.get(tree.name);
+          if (!binding) return false;
+          if (binding.associative) {
+            if (/^\$[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/.test(tree.subscript)) {
+              const sv = tree.subscript.slice(1);
+              return !arrayStore(state)?.get(sv) && !monitor?.hasOverlay(sv);
+            }
+            return /^[a-zA-Z0-9_.\-/:@]+$/.test(tree.subscript);
+          }
+          return /^(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,6})$/.test(tree.subscript) || /^\$?[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/.test(tree.subscript) || /^\s*[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*\s*(?:[-+*]\s*(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,6})|[/%]\s*[1-9][0-9]{0,6})\s*$/.test(tree.subscript);
+        }
+        if (arrayStore(state)?.get(tree.name)) return false;
         const value2 = state.variables[tree.name] ?? (tree.name === "LINENO" ? String(line ?? 1) : tree.name === "_" ? state.lastArgument ?? "" : tree.name === "FUNCNAME" ? state.functionNames?.[0] : void 0);
         const text3 = value2 === void 0 ? void 0 : this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched?.has(tree.name) ? value2 : monitor?.values.get(tree.name, value2) ?? value2;
         if (text3 === void 0 || text3 === "") return true;
@@ -72226,26 +72343,51 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     name2 = this.referenceName(state, name2);
     const binding = arrayStore(state)?.get(name2);
     if (binding) return binding.get(binding.associative ? binding.keys.get("30")?.index ?? -1 : 0);
+    if (name2 === "DIRSTACK") return state.cwd;
     if (name2 === "FUNCNAME" && state.variables.FUNCNAME === void 0) return state.functionNames?.[0];
     if (name2 === "_" && state.variables._ === void 0) return state.lastArgument ?? "";
     return state.variables[name2];
   }
   async variablePresent(state, name2, io) {
+    const simple = this.tryVariablePresentSync(state, name2);
+    if (simple !== void 0) return simple;
     name2 = this.referenceName(state, name2);
     const bracket = name2.indexOf("[");
     const base = bracket < 0 ? name2 : name2.slice(0, bracket);
-    const validName = base.length > 0 && [...base].every((character, index2) => "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_".includes(character) || index2 > 0 && "0123456789".includes(character));
-    if (!validName || bracket >= 0 && !name2.endsWith("]")) return false;
     const resolved = this.referenceName(state, base);
     const binding = arrayStore(state)?.get(resolved);
-    if (bracket < 0) return this.variable(state, base) !== void 0;
     const selector = name2.slice(bracket + 1, -1);
-    if (!binding?.associative && (selector === "@" || selector === "*")) return binding ? binding.values.size > 0 : this.variable(state, base) !== void 0;
-    const store = arrayStore(state);
-    if (!store) return selector === "0" && this.variable(state, base) !== void 0;
-    const index = await this.arrayIndex(binding, { decimal: selector, source: selector }, state, io, store.owner);
+    const entries = this.presenceArrayEntries(state, resolved);
+    const store = requireArrays(state);
+    const index = await this.arrayIndex(binding, { decimal: selector, source: selector }, state, io, store.owner, false, entries ? entries.length - 1 : binding?.maximum ?? (this.variable(state, base) === void 0 ? -1 : 0));
+    if (entries) return index !== void 0 && entries[index] !== void 0;
     return index !== void 0 && (binding ? binding.getValue(index) !== void 0 : index === 0 && this.variable(state, base) !== void 0);
   }
+  presenceArrayEntries(state, name2) {
+    if (name2 === "DIRSTACK") return [state.cwd, ...state.directoryStack?.entries ?? []];
+    if (name2 === "FUNCNAME" && state.variables.FUNCNAME === void 0 && !arrayStore(state)?.get(name2)) return state.functionNames ?? [];
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  tryVariablePresentSync(state, name2) {
+    name2 = this.referenceName(state, name2);
+    const bracket = name2.indexOf("[");
+    const base = bracket < 0 ? name2 : name2.slice(0, bracket);
+    if (!isShellIdentifier(base) || bracket >= 0 && !name2.endsWith("]")) return false;
+    const resolved = this.referenceName(state, base);
+    const binding = arrayStore(state)?.get(resolved);
+    const entries = this.presenceArrayEntries(state, resolved);
+    if (bracket < 0) return entries ? entries[0] !== void 0 : this.variable(state, base) !== void 0;
+    const selector = name2.slice(bracket + 1, -1);
+    if (binding?.associative) {
+      if (selector.length === 0 || selector.length > 4096 || [...selector].some((character) => "$`\\\"'".includes(character))) return void 0;
+      const key = binding.keys.get(fastStringHexIdentity(selector));
+      return key !== void 0 && binding.getValue(key.index) !== void 0;
+    }
+    if (selector === "@" || selector === "*") return entries ? entries.length > 0 : binding ? binding.values.size > 0 : this.variable(state, base) !== void 0;
+    if (selector.length === 0 || selector.length > 9 || [...selector].some((character) => !"0123456789".includes(character)) || selector.length > 1 && selector[0] === "0") return void 0;
+    const index = Number(selector);
+    return entries ? entries[index] !== void 0 : binding ? binding.getValue(index) !== void 0 : index === 0 && this.variable(state, base) !== void 0;
+  }
   requireParameter(value2, name2, state, io, line) {
     if (value2 === void 0 && state.nounset) throw new NounsetFailure(`${name2}: unbound variable`, io.diagnosticLine ?? line);
   }
@@ -72642,19 +72784,121 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       }
     }
   }
+  canSyncArrayMembersWord(w, rawState) {
+    if (rawState.nounset) return false;
+    const p02 = w.parts.length === 1 ? w.parts[0] : w.parts.length === 2 && w.parts[0].kind === "text" && w.parts[0].value === "" ? w.parts[1] : void 0;
+    if (!p02) return false;
+    if (p02.kind !== "variable" || !p02.quoted || p02.indirect || p02.prefixNames || p02.length || p02.transform || p02.operator !== void 0) return false;
+    const sel0 = getArraySelector(p02);
+    if (!sel0 || sel0.kind !== "members" && sel0.kind !== "keys" || sel0.separator !== "@") return false;
+    if (p02.substring) {
+      if (sel0.kind !== "members" || p02.keys) return false;
+      const b = stateMonitor(rawState)?.store?.get(resolveSyncNameref(rawState, p02.name));
+      if (b && b.associative) return false;
+      if (!this.isPureSyncValueWord(p02.substring.offset, rawState)) return false;
+      if (p02.substring.length && !this.isPureSyncValueWord(p02.substring.length, rawState)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  tryExpandSyncArrayMembersWord(w, rawState, io, diagnosticLine) {
+    if (rawState.nounset) return void 0;
+    const p02 = w.parts.length === 1 ? w.parts[0] : w.parts.length === 2 && w.parts[0].kind === "text" && w.parts[0].value === "" ? w.parts[1] : void 0;
+    if (!p02) return void 0;
+    if (p02.kind !== "variable" || !p02.quoted || p02.indirect || p02.prefixNames || p02.length || p02.transform || p02.operator !== void 0) return void 0;
+    const sel0 = getArraySelector(p02);
+    if (!sel0 || sel0.kind !== "members" && sel0.kind !== "keys" || sel0.separator !== "@") return void 0;
+    const monitor = stateMonitor(rawState);
+    const activeStore = monitor?.store ?? arrayStore(rawState);
+    const resolvedName = resolveSyncNameref(rawState, p02.name);
+    const b = activeStore?.get(resolvedName);
+    if (p02.substring) {
+      if (sel0.kind !== "members" || p02.keys || b && b.associative) return void 0;
+      if (b && b.maximum >= 4096) return void 0;
+      const evalSliceInt = (sw) => {
+        if (sw.parts.length === 0) return 0;
+        let expanded;
+        try {
+          expanded = this.fastValueWord(sw, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, diagnosticLine);
+        } catch {
+          return void 0;
+        }
+        if (typeof expanded !== "string") return void 0;
+        const trimmed = expanded.trim();
+        if (trimmed.length === 0) return 0;
+        const syncTouched = this._syncArithRawWriteOnly ? this._syncArithTouched : void 0;
+        const directOp = resolveSimpleArithOperand(trimmed, rawState, monitor, activeStore, syncTouched);
+        if (directOp !== void 0) return directOp;
+        const simpleExpr = tryEvalSimpleExpandedArith(trimmed, rawState, monitor, activeStore, syncTouched);
+        if (simpleExpr !== void 0) return Number(simpleExpr);
+        return void 0;
+      };
+      const offNum = evalSliceInt(p02.substring.offset);
+      if (offNum === void 0) return void 0;
+      let maxCount2 = Infinity;
+      if (p02.substring.length) {
+        const lenNum = evalSliceInt(p02.substring.length);
+        if (lenNum === void 0 || lenNum < 0) return void 0;
+        maxCount2 = lenNum;
+      }
+      if (!b) {
+        const sv2 = rawState.variables[resolvedName];
+        if (sv2 === void 0) return [];
+        const mv2 = this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched?.has(resolvedName) ? sv2 : monitor?.values.get(resolvedName, sv2) ?? sv2;
+        if (typeof mv2 !== "string") return void 0;
+        const startIdx2 = offNum < 0 ? 1 + offNum : offNum;
+        if (startIdx2 < 0 || startIdx2 > 0 || maxCount2 === 0) return [];
+        return [mv2];
+      }
+      if (b.values.size === 0 || maxCount2 === 0) return [];
+      const startIdx = offNum < 0 ? b.maximum + 1 + offNum : offNum;
+      if (startIdx < 0) return [];
+      const out = [];
+      for (let k = startIdx; k <= b.maximum && out.length < maxCount2; k++) {
+        const slot = b.values.get(k);
+        if (!slot) continue;
+        const v = slot.text.shellValue;
+        if (typeof v !== "string") return void 0;
+        out.push(v);
+      }
+      return out;
+    }
+    const isKeys = sel0.kind === "keys" || p02.keys === true;
+    if (b) {
+      if (b.maximum >= 4096) return void 0;
+      const out = [];
+      for (let k = 0; k <= b.maximum; k++) {
+        const slot = b.values.get(k);
+        if (!slot) continue;
+        const v = isKeys ? b.associative ? b.keys.get(b.keyByIndex.get(k))?.text.shellValue : String(k) : slot.text.shellValue;
+        if (typeof v !== "string") return void 0;
+        out.push(v);
+      }
+      return out;
+    }
+    const sv = rawState.variables[resolvedName];
+    if (sv === void 0) return [];
+    if (isKeys) return ["0"];
+    const mv = this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched?.has(resolvedName) ? sv : monitor?.values.get(resolvedName, sv) ?? sv;
+    if (typeof mv !== "string") return void 0;
+    return [mv];
+  }
   tryFastArrayAssignmentSync(assignment, state, io, diagnosticLine, declaration, associative, ignoreYield = false) {
     if (!ignoreYield && (0, yield_exports.hasYieldCheckpoint)(this.signal)) return false;
     if (declaration) return false;
-    const name2 = assignment.name;
-    if (hasUnpreparedLocal(state, name2)) return false;
-    this._syncArithTouched?.delete(name2);
     const monitor = stateMonitor(state);
     const rawState = monitor ? monitor.raw : state;
+    const name2 = resolveSyncNameref(rawState, assignment.name);
+    if (hasUnpreparedLocal(state, name2)) return false;
+    this._syncArithTouched?.delete(name2);
     if (rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(name2) || rawState.variableAttributes?.get(name2) || rawState.exported.has(name2) || controlNames.has(name2)) {
       return false;
     }
-    const store = monitor?.store ?? (monitor && !this.budget._arraySession?.hasActiveLedger ? requireArrays(rawState) : void 0);
+    const store = monitor?.store ?? (monitor && (this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes === Infinity && this.budget.limits.maxExpansionFields === Infinity) ? requireArrays(rawState) : void 0);
     let current = store?.get(name2);
+    if (assignment.kind === "compound" && !(associative ?? current?.associative) && state.braceexpand !== false && assignment.entries.some((entry) => {
+      const original = compoundEntryWords.get(entry);
+      return entry.index !== void 0 && original?.parts.some((part) => part.kind === "text" && !part.quoted && part.value.includes("{"));
+    })) return false;
     if (!monitor || !store || store.watches.has(name2) || monitor.hasOverlay(name2) || current && (current.references !== 1 || associative !== void 0 && current.associative !== associative) || !current && rawState.variables[name2] !== void 0) {
       return false;
     }
@@ -72698,7 +72942,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           let val = "";
           if (entry.value.parts.length > 0) {
             try {
-              val = this.fastValueWord(entry.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, diagnosticLine);
+              val = this.fastValueWord(entry.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, entry.index === void 0 ? void 0 : 0, diagnosticLine);
             } catch {
               return false;
             }
@@ -72737,18 +72981,31 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         for (let i = 0; i < assignment.entries.length; i++) {
           const entry = assignment.entries[i];
           if (entry.append) return false;
+          if (rawState.braceexpand !== false && entry.value.parts.some((p) => !p.quoted && p.kind === "text" && p.value.includes("{"))) return false;
           let explicitIdx;
           if (entry.index !== void 0) {
             const kSrc = (entry.index.source ?? entry.index.decimal).trim();
             if (!/^(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,8})$/.test(kSrc)) return false;
             explicitIdx = Number(kSrc);
-          } else if (entry.value.parts.length === 0 || !entry.value.parts.every((p) => p.quoted || p.kind === "text" && p.value.length > 0 && !p.value.includes(" ") && !p.value.includes("	") && !p.value.includes("\n") && !p.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(p.value, true))) {
-            return false;
+          } else {
+            const expandedArr = this.tryExpandSyncArrayMembersWord(entry.value, rawState, io, diagnosticLine);
+            if (expandedArr !== void 0) {
+              for (let mIdx = 0; mIdx < expandedArr.length; mIdx++) {
+                const mVal = expandedArr[mIdx];
+                const bLen2 = shellValueByteLength(mVal);
+                if (bLen2 > this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes) return false;
+                items.push({ explicitIdx: void 0, val: mVal, bLen: bLen2 });
+              }
+              continue;
+            }
+            if (entry.value.parts.length === 0 || !entry.value.parts.every((p) => p.quoted || p.kind === "text" && p.value.length > 0 && !p.value.includes(" ") && !p.value.includes("	") && !p.value.includes("\n") && !p.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(p.value, true))) {
+              return false;
+            }
           }
           let val = "";
           if (entry.value.parts.length > 0) {
             try {
-              val = this.fastValueWord(entry.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, diagnosticLine);
+              val = this.fastValueWord(entry.value, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, entry.index === void 0 ? void 0 : 0, diagnosticLine);
             } catch {
               return false;
             }
@@ -73092,7 +73349,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             if (expandedEntry) continue;
           }
           const index = entry.index ? await this.arrayIndex(targetBinding, entry.index, state, io, operation2, true) : void 0;
-          const fields3 = await this.valueWord(entry.value, state, io, entry.index === void 0);
+          const fields3 = await this.valueWord(entry.value, state, io, entry.index === void 0, false, false, false, void 0, false, entry.index === void 0, entry.index === void 0 ? void 0 : 0);
           if (index !== void 0) {
             const value2 = await join(fields3);
             await insert(index, value2, entry.append);
@@ -73606,6 +73863,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               if (state.readonlyVariables?.has(name2)) throw new ArrayFailure("readonly binding");
               if (!watch.valid()) throw new ArrayFailure("binding changed during writer admission");
               prepared.validate();
+              if (clear) prepared.binding.assigned = true;
               let retirement;
               monitor.publish(prepared.tickets, name2, () => {
                 delete state.variables[name2];
@@ -75258,13 +75516,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         const r0 = command7.redirects[0];
         const rOp = r0.operator;
         const isDevNull = (r0.descriptor === void 0 || r0.descriptor === 1) && !r0.move && !r0.document && (rOp === ">" || rOp === ">>" || rOp === ">|") && r0.target.plain === "/dev/null";
-        const isReadCmd = w0Plain === "read" || command7.words[1]?.plain === "read" && w0.parts[0]?.kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value.startsWith("IFS=");
+        const isReadCmd = w0Plain === "read" || w0Plain === "mapfile" || w0Plain === "readarray" || command7.words[1]?.plain === "read" && w0.parts[0]?.kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value.startsWith("IFS=");
         if (!isDevNull && w0Plain !== "echo" && w0Plain !== "printf" && !(isReadCmd && rOp === "<<<")) {
           pipeline._skipTrySync = true;
           return void 0;
         }
       } else if (wordsLen >= 2) {
-        if (w0Plain !== "echo" && w0Plain !== "printf" && w0Plain !== "[" && w0Plain !== "test" && w0Plain !== "mkdir" && w0Plain !== "rm" && w0Plain !== "local" && w0Plain !== "declare" && w0Plain !== "typeset" && w0Plain !== "return" && w0Plain !== "break" && w0Plain !== "continue" && w0Plain !== "shift" && w0Plain !== "read" && w0Plain !== "eval" && w0Plain !== "unset" && w0Plain !== "export" && w0Plain !== "let" && !(command7.words[1]?.plain === "read" && w0.parts[0]?.kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value.startsWith("IFS=")) && !(w0Plain !== void 0 && state.functions.has(w0Plain))) {
+        if (w0Plain !== ":" && w0Plain !== "true" && w0Plain !== "false" && w0Plain !== "getopts" && w0Plain !== "echo" && w0Plain !== "printf" && w0Plain !== "[" && w0Plain !== "test" && w0Plain !== "mkdir" && w0Plain !== "rm" && w0Plain !== "local" && w0Plain !== "declare" && w0Plain !== "typeset" && w0Plain !== "return" && w0Plain !== "break" && w0Plain !== "continue" && w0Plain !== "shift" && w0Plain !== "read" && w0Plain !== "eval" && w0Plain !== "unset" && w0Plain !== "export" && w0Plain !== "let" && !(command7.words[1]?.plain === "read" && w0.parts[0]?.kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value.startsWith("IFS=")) && !(w0Plain !== void 0 && state.functions.has(w0Plain))) {
           return void 0;
         }
       } else if (w0Plain !== "echo" && w0Plain !== "printf" && w0Plain !== ":" && w0Plain !== "true" && w0Plain !== "false" && w0Plain !== "return" && w0Plain !== "break" && w0Plain !== "continue" && w0Plain !== "shift" && w0Plain !== "eval" && !(w0Plain !== void 0 && state.functions.has(w0Plain)) && !(w0.parts[0]?.kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value.includes("=")) && !getArrayAssignment(w0)) {
@@ -75343,7 +75601,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           const fnBody = rawState.functions.get(w0Plain);
           return fnBody.kind === "group" && fnBody.redirects.length === 0 && this.canSyncScriptCompound(fnBody.body, rawState, depth + 1);
         }
-        const st = stateMonitor(rawState)?.store ?? (stateMonitor(rawState) && !this.budget._arraySession?.hasActiveLedger ? requireArrays(rawState) : void 0);
+        const st = stateMonitor(rawState)?.store ?? (stateMonitor(rawState) && (this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes === Infinity && this.budget.limits.maxExpansionFields === Infinity) ? requireArrays(rawState) : void 0);
         const arrayAssign = getArrayAssignment(w0);
         if (arrayAssign) {
           if (!st) return false;
@@ -75351,7 +75609,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             return false;
           }
           if (arrayAssign.kind === "compound") {
-            const isAssoc = Boolean(st?.get(arrayAssign.name)?.associative);
+            const isAssoc = Boolean(st?.get(resolveSyncNameref(rawState, arrayAssign.name))?.associative);
             return arrayAssign.entries.length <= 32 && arrayAssign.entries.every((e) => {
               if (e.append) return false;
               if (isAssoc) {
@@ -75362,13 +75620,14 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 const kSrc = (e.index.source ?? e.index.decimal).trim();
                 return /^(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,8})$/.test(kSrc) && isNoBraceSyncAssignWord(e.value);
               }
+              if (this.canSyncArrayMembersWord(e.value, rawState)) return true;
               return isNoBraceSyncWord(e.value) && e.value.parts.length > 0 && e.value.parts.every((p) => p.quoted || p.kind === "text" && p.value.length > 0 && !p.value.includes(" ") && !p.value.includes("	") && !p.value.includes("\n") && !p.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(p.value, true));
             });
           }
           return isNoBraceSyncAssignWord(arrayAssign.value);
         }
         const assignment = this.assignment(w0);
-        return Boolean(assignment && assignment.name !== "OPTIND" && assignment.name !== "PIPESTATUS" && !assignment.name.includes("[") && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(assignment.name) && (!st?.get(assignment.name) || !assignment.append && !hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, assignment.name) && !rawState.exported.has(assignment.name)) && isNoBraceSyncAssignWord(assignment.value));
+        return Boolean(assignment && (assignment.name !== "OPTIND" || !assignment.append && !rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND")) && assignment.name !== "PIPESTATUS" && !assignment.name.includes("[") && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(assignment.name) && (!st?.get(assignment.name) || !assignment.append && !hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, assignment.name) && !rawState.exported.has(assignment.name)) && isNoBraceSyncAssignWord(assignment.value));
       }
       if (w0Plain !== void 0 && command7.words.length <= 64 && rawState.functions.has(w0Plain) && this.firstInternalDiscovery(w0Plain, rawState, false) === "function" && !hasActiveExtensions(rawState)) {
         const fnBody = rawState.functions.get(w0Plain);
@@ -75394,7 +75653,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         }
       }
       if (command7.words.length >= 2 && command7.words.length <= 16) {
-        if (w0Plain === "unset" && rawState.locals.length === 0 && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "unset") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("unset")) {
+        if (w0Plain === "unset" && depth === 0 && rawState.locals.length === 0 && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "unset") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("unset")) {
           const uStart = command7.words[1]?.plain === "-v" ? 2 : 1;
           if (uStart < command7.words.length) {
             let allOk = true;
@@ -75411,7 +75670,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             if (allOk) return true;
           }
         }
-        if (w0Plain === "export" && rawState.locals.length === 0 && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "export") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("export")) {
+        if (w0Plain === "export" && rawState.locals.length === 0 && depth === 0 && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "export") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("export")) {
           let allOk = true;
           for (let ei = 1; ei < command7.words.length; ei++) {
             const we = command7.words[ei];
@@ -75458,22 +75717,28 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       }
       if (command7.words.length >= 2 && command7.words.length <= 16 && w0Plain !== void 0 && (w0Plain === "local" ? rawState.locals.length > 0 || depth > 0 : w0Plain === "declare" || w0Plain === "typeset") && !hasShellFunction(rawState, w0Plain) && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(w0Plain)) {
         if (command7.words[1]?.plain === "-a" || command7.words[1]?.plain === "-A") return false;
+        const isNamerefDecl = command7.words[1]?.plain === "-n" && (rawState.locals.length > 0 || depth > 0) && command7.words.length >= 3;
+        const isGlobalDecl = command7.words[1]?.plain === "-g" && (w0Plain === "declare" || w0Plain === "typeset") && command7.words.length >= 3;
         let allValidLocal = true;
-        for (let idx = 1; idx < command7.words.length; idx++) {
+        for (let idx = isNamerefDecl || isGlobalDecl ? 2 : 1; idx < command7.words.length; idx++) {
           const wArg = command7.words[idx];
           const assignment = !getArrayAssignment(wArg) ? this.assignment(wArg) : void 0;
           if (assignment) {
-            if (assignment.name === "OPTIND" || assignment.name === "PIPESTATUS" || assignment.name.includes("[") || !isNoBraceSyncAssignWord(assignment.value)) {
+            if (!isNamerefDecl && rawState.variableAttributes?.get(assignment.name) || assignment.name === "OPTIND" && (assignment.append || rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND")) || assignment.name === "PIPESTATUS" || assignment.name.includes("[") || !isNoBraceSyncAssignWord(assignment.value)) {
               allValidLocal = false;
               break;
             }
-          } else if (!wArg.plain || !/^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(wArg.plain) || wArg.plain === "OPTIND" || wArg.plain === "PIPESTATUS") {
+          } else if (!wArg.plain || !/^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(wArg.plain) || wArg.plain === "OPTIND" && rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND") || wArg.plain === "PIPESTATUS") {
             allValidLocal = false;
             break;
           }
         }
         if (allValidLocal) return true;
       }
+      if ((w0Plain === ":" || w0Plain === "true" || w0Plain === "false") && command7.words.length <= 16 && !hasShellFunction(rawState, w0Plain) && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(w0Plain) && command7.words.slice(1).every(isNoBraceSyncWord)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (w0Plain === "getopts") return false;
       if (w0Plain === "echo" && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "echo") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("echo")) {
         const w1Plain = command7.words[1]?.plain;
         if (w1Plain === void 0 || !w1Plain.startsWith("-") || w1Plain === "-n" || w1Plain === "-e" || w1Plain === "-ne" || w1Plain === "-en") {
@@ -75501,7 +75766,15 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       }
       if (w0Plain !== void 0 && rawState.functions.has(w0Plain) && command7.words.slice(1).every(isNoBraceSyncWord)) {
         const fnBody = rawState.functions.get(w0Plain);
-        return fnBody.kind === "group" && fnBody.redirects.length === 0 && this.canSyncScriptCompound(fnBody.body, rawState, depth + 1);
+        if (fnBody.kind !== "group" || fnBody.redirects.length !== 0) return false;
+        rawState.locals.push(/* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
+        rawState.functionDepth++;
+        try {
+          return this.canSyncScriptCompound(fnBody.body, rawState, depth + 1);
+        } finally {
+          rawState.functionDepth--;
+          rawState.locals.pop();
+        }
       }
       return false;
     }
@@ -75522,7 +75795,31 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       const checkCondNoFile = (e) => {
         if (e.kind === "nonempty") return this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.operand, rawState);
         if (e.kind === "unary") return (e.operator === "-n" || e.operator === "-z" || e.operator === "-v") && this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.operand, rawState);
-        if (e.kind === "binary") return this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.left, rawState) && (e.operator === "==" || e.operator === "=" || e.operator === "!=" ? this.canSyncPatternWordParts(e.right, rawState) : this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.right, rawState));
+        if (e.kind === "binary") {
+          if (e.operator === "=~") {
+            if (!this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.left, rawState) || !this.extractSimpleErePattern(e.right) || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has("BASH_REMATCH") || rawState.exported.has("BASH_REMATCH") || hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, "BASH_REMATCH")) return false;
+            const mon = stateMonitor(rawState);
+            if (!mon || (this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes !== Infinity || this.budget.limits.maxExpansionFields !== Infinity) || mon.hasOverlay("BASH_REMATCH")) return false;
+            const st = mon.store ?? requireArrays(rawState);
+            if (st.watches.has("BASH_REMATCH")) return false;
+            let rem = st.get("BASH_REMATCH");
+            if (!rem) {
+              if (rawState.variables.BASH_REMATCH !== void 0) return false;
+              const created = IndexedBinding.create(st.owner, false);
+              const prepared = st.prepareExistingName("BASH_REMATCH", 12, st.owner, this.signal);
+              if (!prepared) {
+                void created.release();
+                return false;
+              }
+              const initTickets = st.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
+              st.publish("BASH_REMATCH", created, initTickets, prepared, false, st.owner);
+              mon.epoch = initTickets.epoch;
+              rem = created;
+            }
+            return !rem.associative && rem.references === 1;
+          }
+          return this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.left, rawState) && (e.operator === "==" || e.operator === "=" || e.operator === "!=" ? this.canSyncPatternWordParts(e.right, rawState) : this.isPureSyncValueWord(e.right, rawState));
+        }
         if (e.kind === "not") return checkCondNoFile(e.operand);
         if (e.kind === "and" || e.kind === "or") return checkCondNoFile(e.left) && checkCondNoFile(e.right);
         return false;
@@ -75552,11 +75849,11 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           const sel0 = p02?.kind === "variable" ? getArraySelector(p02) : void 0;
           const isArrAt = Boolean(p02?.kind === "variable" && p02.quoted && !p02.indirect && !p02.prefixNames && !p02.length && !p02.substring && !p02.transform && p02.operator === void 0 && (sel0?.kind === "members" || sel0?.kind === "keys") && sel0.separator === "@");
           const isBraceRange = Boolean(p02?.kind === "text" && !p02.quoted && /^\{-?\d+\.\.-?\d+(?:\.\.-?\d+)?\}$/.test(p02.value));
-          if (!isArrAt && !isBraceRange && !(this.isPureSyncValueWord(w0, rawState) && w0.parts.every((p) => p.quoted || p.kind === "text" && !p.value.includes(" ") && !p.value.includes("	") && !p.value.includes("\n") && !p.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(p.value, true)))) return false;
+          if (!isArrAt && !isBraceRange && !this.canSyncArrayMembersWord(w0, rawState) && !(this.isPureSyncValueWord(w0, rawState) && w0.parts.every((p) => p.quoted || p.kind === "text" && !p.value.includes(" ") && !p.value.includes("	") && !p.value.includes("\n") && !p.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(p.value, true)))) return false;
         } else {
           for (let i = 0; i < command7.words.length; i++) {
             const w = command7.words[i];
-            if (!this.isPureSyncValueWord(w, rawState) || !w.parts.every((p) => p.quoted || p.kind === "text" && !p.value.includes(" ") && !p.value.includes("	") && !p.value.includes("\n") && !p.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(p.value, true))) return false;
+            if (!this.canSyncArrayMembersWord(w, rawState) && (!this.isPureSyncValueWord(w, rawState) || !w.parts.every((p) => p.quoted || p.kind === "text" && !p.value.includes(" ") && !p.value.includes("	") && !p.value.includes("\n") && !p.value.includes("{") && !hasGlobOrEscape(p.value, true)))) return false;
           }
         }
       }
@@ -75634,7 +75931,9 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               }
             } else if (wp0 === "local" || wp0 === "declare" || wp0 === "typeset") {
               const isArrDecl = c.words[1]?.plain === "-a" || c.words[1]?.plain === "-A";
-              for (let k = isArrDecl ? 2 : 1; k < c.words.length; k++) {
+              const isNameref = c.words[1]?.plain === "-n";
+              const isGlobal = c.words[1]?.plain === "-g";
+              for (let k = isArrDecl || isNameref || isGlobal ? 2 : 1; k < c.words.length; k++) {
                 const wk = c.words[k];
                 const aa = getArrayAssignment(wk);
                 if (aa) {
@@ -75647,6 +75946,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                     if (isArrDecl) {
                       arrayVars.add(nm);
                       if (wp0 === "local" || d > 0) localArrayVars.add(nm);
+                    } else if (isNameref) {
+                      localArrayVars.add(nm);
                     } else {
                       scalarVars.add(nm);
                       const pv = asg?.value.plain;
@@ -75655,14 +75956,25 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                   }
                 }
               }
-            } else if (wp0 === "printf" && c.words[1]?.plain === "-v" && c.words[2]?.plain) {
-              const target = c.words[2].plain;
+            } else if (wp0 === "printf" && c.words[1]?.plain === "-v" && (c.words[2]?.plain || c.words[2]?.parts[0]?.kind === "text")) {
+              const target = c.words[2].plain ?? c.words[2].parts[0].value;
               const br = target.indexOf("[");
               if (br > 0) arrayVars.add(target.slice(0, br));
               else {
                 scalarVars.add(target);
                 nonIntScalarVars.add(target);
               }
+            } else if (wp0 === "mapfile" || wp0 === "readarray") {
+              arrayVars.add(c.words[2]?.plain ?? "MAPFILE");
+            } else if (wp0 === "getopts") {
+              const ov = c.words[2]?.plain;
+              if (ov && isShellIdentifier(ov)) {
+                scalarVars.add(ov);
+                nonIntScalarVars.add(ov);
+              }
+              scalarVars.add("OPTIND");
+              scalarVars.add("OPTARG");
+              nonIntScalarVars.add("OPTARG");
             } else if (wp0 === "read" || c.words[1]?.plain === "read") {
               for (let k = 1; k < c.words.length; k++) {
                 const vp = c.words[k]?.plain;
@@ -75800,31 +76112,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       if (expr.operator === "-n") return val.length > 0 ? 0 : 1;
       if (expr.operator === "-z") return val.length === 0 ? 0 : 1;
       if (expr.operator === "-v") {
-        const bracket = val.indexOf("[");
-        if (bracket < 0) {
-          if (!isShellIdentifier(val)) return 1;
-          const b2 = store?.get(val);
-          if (b2) return b2.get(b2.associative ? b2.keys.get("30")?.index ?? -1 : 0) !== void 0 ? 0 : 1;
-          return this.variable(rawState, val) !== void 0 ? 0 : 1;
-        }
-        if (!val.endsWith("]")) return 1;
-        const base = val.slice(0, bracket);
-        if (!isShellIdentifier(base)) return 1;
-        const sub = val.slice(bracket + 1, -1);
-        const b = store?.get(base);
-        if (!b?.associative && (sub === "@" || sub === "*")) {
-          return (b ? b.values.size > 0 : this.variable(rawState, base) !== void 0) ? 0 : 1;
-        }
-        if (b?.associative) {
-          if (sub.length === 0 || sub.length > 4096 || /[$\x60\\"']/.test(sub)) return void 0;
-          const ek = b.keys.get(fastStringHexIdentity(sub));
-          return ek !== void 0 && b.getValue(ek.index) !== void 0 ? 0 : 1;
-        }
-        if (/^(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,8})$/.test(sub)) {
-          const idx = Number(sub);
-          return (b ? b.getValue(idx) !== void 0 : idx === 0 && this.variable(rawState, base) !== void 0) ? 0 : 1;
-        }
-        return void 0;
+        const present = this.tryVariablePresentSync(rawState, val);
+        return present === void 0 ? void 0 : present ? 0 : 1;
       }
       if (syncConditionalFileUnaryOps.has(expr.operator)) {
         const fileRes = this.tryEvalFastMemoryFileUnary(expr.operator, val, rawState);
@@ -75955,7 +76244,22 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     }
     return void 0;
   }
-  finishSyncPipeStatus(rawState, monitor, store, existing, elem0, scope, finalStatus, restEpoch) {
+  setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, status2) {
+    const cell2 = existing.values.get(0);
+    if (cell2 && cell2.text.references === 1 && cell2.text.bytes === status2.length) {
+      cell2.text.shellValue = status2;
+    } else {
+      existing.owner.chargeWork(status2.length);
+      const token = new OwnedText(status2, status2.length, existing.owner.reserve({ payload: status2.length, metadata: 32, work: 4 }));
+      try {
+        existing.insert(0, token);
+      } catch (error) {
+        token.release();
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  finishSyncPipeStatus(rawState, monitor, store, existing, _elem0, scope, finalStatus, restEpoch) {
     if (!existing) {
       if (store) {
         if (publishPipelineStatus(rawState, finalStatus === 0 ? singleStatusZero : singleStatusOne, this.signal, scope)) return void 0;
@@ -75964,7 +76268,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
       }
     } else {
-      (elem0 ?? existing.values.get(0)).text.shellValue = finalStatus === 0 ? "0" : "1";
+      this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, finalStatus === 0 ? "0" : "1");
       store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
     }
     rawState.status = finalStatus;
@@ -75980,7 +76284,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     if (!monitor) return void 0;
     const rawState = monitor.raw;
     const gArrays = guestArrays(rawState);
-    if (io.terminal || io.asyncDefaultInput || hasActiveExtensions(rawState) || hasActiveVariableAttributes(rawState) || gArrays && gArrays.watches.size > 0) return void 0;
+    if (io.terminal || io.asyncDefaultInput || hasActiveExtensions(rawState) || hasNonNamerefAttributes(rawState) || gArrays && gArrays.watches.size > 0) return void 0;
     if ((this.budget.commands + 1 & 127) === 0) {
       if ((0, yield_exports.hasYieldCheckpoint)(this.signal) || this._syncReturnDepth === 0 && (this.budget.commands + 1 & 8191) === 0) return void 0;
       (0, yield_exports.runYieldCheckpoint)(this.signal);
@@ -75993,7 +76297,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     let existing = store?.get("PIPESTATUS");
     if (store && !existing) {
       const initTarget = pipelineStatusTarget(rawState);
-      if (!this.budget._arraySession?.hasActiveLedger && (initTarget === "indexed" || initTarget === "absent") && !store.watches.has("PIPESTATUS") && !monitor.hasOverlay("PIPESTATUS") && !store.owner.ledger.checkpoint(this.signal, 0)) {
+      if (this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes === Infinity && this.budget.limits.maxExpansionFields === Infinity && (initTarget === "indexed" || initTarget === "absent") && !store.watches.has("PIPESTATUS") && !monitor.hasOverlay("PIPESTATUS") && !store.owner.ledger.checkpoint(this.signal, 0)) {
         try {
           if (!publishPipelineStatus(rawState, monitor.lazyPipeStatus ?? singleStatusZero, this.signal, scope)) {
             existing = store.get("PIPESTATUS");
@@ -76011,9 +76315,9 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       return void 0;
     }
     const elem0 = existing?.values.get(0);
-    if (existing && (!elem0 || elem0.text.bytes !== 1)) return void 0;
+    if (existing && !elem0) return void 0;
     const canMutatePipeStatus = !existing || existing.references === 1 && elem0.text.references === 1;
-    const diagnosticLine = io.diagnosticCommandLines?.get(command7) ?? (command7.line ?? 1) + (io.diagnosticOffset ?? 0);
+    const diagnosticLine = io.diagnosticCommandLines?.get(command7) ?? io.substitutionDiagnosticLines?.get(command7) ?? (command7.line ?? 1) + (io.diagnosticOffset ?? 0);
     if (command7.kind === "function") {
       if (pipeline.negate || !canMutatePipeStatus || command7.redirects.length > 0 || rawState.readonlyFunctions?.has(command7.name) || rawState.profile === "sh" && (specialBuiltinNames.has(command7.name) || rawState.extensions?.builtins.get(command7.name)?.special)) {
         return void 0;
@@ -76069,7 +76373,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
         }
       } else {
-        activeExisting.values.get(0).text.shellValue = finalStatus === 0 ? "0" : "1";
+        this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(activeExisting, finalStatus === 0 ? "0" : "1");
         activeStore.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
       }
       rawState.status = finalStatus;
@@ -76161,13 +76465,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         }
         const scalarMutMatch = fastSrc.length <= 64 ? SIMPLE_SCALAR_MUT_RE.exec(fastSrc) : null;
         if (scalarMutMatch) {
-          const varName = scalarMutMatch[1];
+          const varName = resolveSyncNameref(rawState, scalarMutMatch[1]);
           const binOp = scalarMutMatch[2];
           const rhs1 = Number(scalarMutMatch[3]);
           const rhsOp = scalarMutMatch[4];
           const rhs2 = scalarMutMatch[5] !== void 0 ? Number(scalarMutMatch[5]) : 0;
           const rhsNum = rhsOp === "+" ? rhs1 + rhs2 : rhsOp === "-" ? rhs1 - rhs2 : rhsOp === "*" ? rhs1 * rhs2 : rhs1;
-          if (varName !== "OPTIND" && varName !== "PIPESTATUS" && !store?.get(varName) && !hasActiveVariableAttributes(rawState)) {
+          if (varName !== "OPTIND" && varName !== "PIPESTATUS" && !store?.get(varName) && !hasNonNamerefAttributes(rawState)) {
             const curVal = this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched?.has(varName) ? rawState.variables[varName] ?? "0" : monitor.values.get(varName, rawState.variables[varName] ?? "0") ?? rawState.variables[varName] ?? "0";
             if (typeof curVal === "string" && (curVal === "" || /^-?(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,12})$/.test(curVal))) {
               const curNum = curVal === "" ? 0 : Number(curVal);
@@ -76236,7 +76540,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         }
         const dynProg = prepareArithmetic(fastSrc, this.budget.parsing);
         if (!dynProg.error && isSafeSmiProgram(dynProg) && this.canSyncArithmeticWithoutFault(dynProg.tree, rawState, diagnosticLine)) {
-          const nonZero = this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(dynProg, rawState, diagnosticLine);
+          let nonZero;
+          try {
+            nonZero = this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(dynProg, rawState, diagnosticLine);
+          } catch (err) {
+            if (err instanceof ArrayFailure) return void 0;
+            throw err;
+          }
           if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth) publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command7));
           const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
           this.budget.tick();
@@ -76247,7 +76557,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         }
       }
       if (!expr.error && isSafeSmiProgram(expr) && this.canSyncArithmeticWithoutFault(expr.tree, rawState, diagnosticLine)) {
-        const nonZero = this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(expr, rawState, diagnosticLine);
+        let nonZero;
+        try {
+          nonZero = this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(expr, rawState, diagnosticLine);
+        } catch (err) {
+          if (err instanceof ArrayFailure) return void 0;
+          throw err;
+        }
         if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth) publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command7));
         const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
         this.budget.tick();
@@ -76296,8 +76612,11 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         }
         return res;
       }
-      const fastLoopRes = this.trySyncLoop(command7, pipeline, rawState, monitor, store, existing, elem0, canMutatePipeStatus, io, diagnosticLine);
-      if (fastLoopRes !== void 0) return fastLoopRes;
+      if (!command7._skipTrySyncLoop) {
+        const fastLoopRes = this.trySyncLoop(command7, pipeline, rawState, monitor, store, existing, elem0, canMutatePipeStatus, io, diagnosticLine);
+        if (fastLoopRes !== void 0) return fastLoopRes;
+        command7._skipTrySyncLoop = true;
+      }
     }
     if (command7.kind === "group" || command7.kind === "if" || command7.kind === "case" || command7.kind === "while" || command7.kind === "until" || command7.kind === "for" || command7.kind === "arithmetic-for") {
       if (command7.redirects.length !== 0 || pipeline.negate || !canMutatePipeStatus || !ignored && rawState.errexit || rawState.nounset || rawState.readonlyVariables?.size || (0, yield_exports.hasYieldCheckpoint)(this.signal) || this._syncReturnDepth === 0 && ((this.budget.commands + 32 & 8191) < 32 || !this.canSyncCommandCompound(command7, rawState, 0, rawState.loopDepth))) {
@@ -76352,6 +76671,12 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       if (command7.kind === "while" || command7.kind === "until") {
         this.budget.tick();
         let lastStatus = 0;
+        const enableBatchRawWrite = !this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && !hasActiveExtensions(rawState) && !hasActiveVariableAttributes(rawState) && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.size && !rawState.allexport;
+        const batchTouched = enableBatchRawWrite ? /* @__PURE__ */ new Set() : void 0;
+        if (enableBatchRawWrite) {
+          this._syncArithRawWriteOnly = true;
+          this._syncArithTouched = batchTouched;
+        }
         rawState.loopDepth++;
         this._syncReturnDepth++;
         try {
@@ -76398,6 +76723,15 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         } finally {
           this._syncReturnDepth--;
           rawState.loopDepth--;
+          if (enableBatchRawWrite && batchTouched) {
+            this._syncArithRawWriteOnly = false;
+            this._syncArithTouched = void 0;
+            for (const vName of batchTouched) {
+              const vVal = rawState.variables[vName];
+              if (typeof vVal === "string") monitor.publishStringVariable(vName, vVal);
+              else if (vVal === void 0) delete monitor.proxy.variables[vName];
+            }
+          }
         }
         rawState.status = lastStatus;
         return lastStatus;
@@ -76408,11 +76742,17 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           return void 0;
         }
         this.budget.tick();
-        if (e0) this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(e0, rawState, diagnosticLine);
+        const enableBatchRawWrite = !this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && !hasActiveExtensions(rawState) && !hasActiveVariableAttributes(rawState) && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.size && !rawState.allexport;
+        const batchTouched = enableBatchRawWrite ? /* @__PURE__ */ new Set() : void 0;
+        if (enableBatchRawWrite) {
+          this._syncArithRawWriteOnly = true;
+          this._syncArithTouched = batchTouched;
+        }
         let lastStatus = 0;
         rawState.loopDepth++;
         this._syncReturnDepth++;
         try {
+          if (e0) this.syncShellArithmeticNonZero(e0, rawState, diagnosticLine);
           let iter = 0;
           while (true) {
             if (++iter > 4096) return void 0;
@@ -76447,6 +76787,15 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         } finally {
           this._syncReturnDepth--;
           rawState.loopDepth--;
+          if (enableBatchRawWrite && batchTouched) {
+            this._syncArithRawWriteOnly = false;
+            this._syncArithTouched = void 0;
+            for (const vName of batchTouched) {
+              const vVal = rawState.variables[vName];
+              if (typeof vVal === "string") monitor.publishStringVariable(vName, vVal);
+              else if (vVal === void 0) delete monitor.proxy.variables[vName];
+            }
+          }
         }
         rawState.status = lastStatus;
         return lastStatus;
@@ -76458,10 +76807,10 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           items = pos.slice();
         } else if (command7.words.length === 1) {
           const w0 = command7.words[0];
-          const nonEmpty0 = w0.parts.filter((p) => !(p.kind === "text" && p.value === ""));
-          const p02 = nonEmpty0.length === 1 ? nonEmpty0[0] : void 0;
+          items = this.tryExpandSyncArrayMembersWord(w0, rawState, io, diagnosticLine);
+          const p02 = items ? void 0 : w0.parts.length === 1 ? w0.parts[0] : w0.parts.length === 2 && w0.parts[0].kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value === "" ? w0.parts[1] : void 0;
           const sel0 = p02?.kind === "variable" ? getArraySelector(p02) : void 0;
-          if (p02?.kind === "variable" && p02.quoted && (sel0?.kind === "members" || sel0?.kind === "keys") && sel0.separator === "@") {
+          if (p02?.kind === "variable" && p02.quoted && !p02.substring && (sel0?.kind === "members" || sel0?.kind === "keys") && sel0.separator === "@") {
             const b = monitor.store?.get(p02.name);
             items = [];
             if (b) {
@@ -76492,6 +76841,11 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         if (!items && command7.words) {
           items = [];
           for (let i = 0; i < command7.words.length; i++) {
+            const expandedArr = this.tryExpandSyncArrayMembersWord(command7.words[i], rawState, io, diagnosticLine);
+            if (expandedArr !== void 0) {
+              for (let mIdx = 0; mIdx < expandedArr.length; mIdx++) items.push(expandedArr[mIdx]);
+              continue;
+            }
             let fv;
             try {
               fv = this.fastValueWord(command7.words[i], rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, diagnosticLine);
@@ -76505,6 +76859,12 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         if (!items || items.length > 4096) return void 0;
         this.budget.tick();
         let lastStatus = 0;
+        const enableBatchRawWrite = !this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && !hasActiveExtensions(rawState) && !hasActiveVariableAttributes(rawState) && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.size && !rawState.allexport;
+        const batchTouched = enableBatchRawWrite ? /* @__PURE__ */ new Set() : void 0;
+        if (enableBatchRawWrite) {
+          this._syncArithRawWriteOnly = true;
+          this._syncArithTouched = batchTouched;
+        }
         rawState.loopDepth++;
         this._syncReturnDepth++;
         try {
@@ -76514,7 +76874,10 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               (0, yield_exports.runYieldCheckpoint)(this.signal);
             }
             this.budget.loop();
-            monitor.publishStringVariable(command7.name, items[idx]);
+            if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
+              rawState.variables[command7.name] = items[idx];
+              this._syncArithTouched.add(command7.name);
+            } else monitor.publishStringVariable(command7.name, items[idx]);
             if (rawState.allexport) rawState.exported.add(command7.name);
             const bodyRes = this.trySyncScript(command7.body, state, io, ignored);
             if (typeof bodyRes !== "number") return void 0;
@@ -76535,6 +76898,15 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         } finally {
           this._syncReturnDepth--;
           rawState.loopDepth--;
+          if (enableBatchRawWrite && batchTouched) {
+            this._syncArithRawWriteOnly = false;
+            this._syncArithTouched = void 0;
+            for (const vName of batchTouched) {
+              const vVal = rawState.variables[vName];
+              if (typeof vVal === "string") monitor.publishStringVariable(vName, vVal);
+              else if (vVal === void 0) delete monitor.proxy.variables[vName];
+            }
+          }
         }
         rawState.status = lastStatus;
         return lastStatus;
@@ -76649,7 +77021,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
           monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
         } else {
-          elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+          this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
           store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
         }
         const finalStatus2 = pipeline.negate ? 1 : 0;
@@ -76728,7 +77100,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
         monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
       } else {
-        elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+        this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
         store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
       }
       const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? 1 : 0;
@@ -76743,7 +77115,6 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       if (w0Plain === "return" && (rawState.functionDepth > 0 || rawState.sourceDepth) && !hasActiveExtensions(rawState) && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "return") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("return") && !pipeline.negate && canMutatePipeStatus) {
         const retStatus = rawState.status;
         const statusStr = retStatus === 0 ? "0" : retStatus === 1 ? "1" : String(retStatus);
-        if (existing && elem0.text.bytes !== statusStr.length) return void 0;
         const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
         this.budget.tick();
         rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
@@ -76754,7 +77125,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           monitor.lazyPipeStatus = retStatus === 0 ? singleStatusZero : retStatus === 1 ? singleStatusOne : [retStatus];
           monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
         } else {
-          elem0.text.shellValue = statusStr;
+          this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, statusStr);
           store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
         }
         rawState.status = retStatus;
@@ -76781,7 +77152,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
           monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
         } else {
-          elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+          this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
           store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
         }
         rawState.status = 0;
@@ -76806,7 +77177,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           monitor.lazyPipeStatus = rawStatus === 0 ? singleStatusZero : singleStatusOne;
           monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
         } else {
-          elem0.text.shellValue = statusChar;
+          this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, statusChar);
           store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
         }
         rawState.status = finalStatus;
@@ -76836,7 +77207,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
           }
         } else {
-          activeExisting.values.get(0).text.shellValue = "0";
+          this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(activeExisting, "0");
           activeStore.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
         }
         const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? 1 : 0;
@@ -76847,9 +77218,10 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       }
       const assignment = this.assignment(w0);
       if (assignment) {
+        const targetAssignName = resolveSyncNameref(rawState, assignment.name);
         const hasSubPart = assignment.value.parts.some((part) => part.kind === "substitution");
-        const existingArrAssign = store?.get(assignment.name);
-        if (assignment.name === "OPTIND" || assignment.name === "PIPESTATUS" || assignment.name.includes("[") || hasSubPart && !this.isPureSyncValueWord(assignment.value, rawState) || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(assignment.name) || existingArrAssign && (assignment.append || hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, assignment.name) || rawState.exported.has(assignment.name))) {
+        const existingArrAssign = store?.get(targetAssignName);
+        if (targetAssignName === "OPTIND" && (assignment.append || rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND")) || targetAssignName === "PIPESTATUS" || targetAssignName.includes("[") || hasSubPart && !this.isPureSyncValueWord(assignment.value, rawState) || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(targetAssignName) || existingArrAssign && (assignment.append || hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, targetAssignName) || rawState.exported.has(targetAssignName))) {
           return void 0;
         }
         if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth) publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command7));
@@ -76860,8 +77232,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           return void 0;
         }
         if (typeof fastAssigned !== "string") return void 0;
+        if (targetAssignName === "OPTIND") {
+          const trimmedOptind = fastAssigned.trim();
+          if (!/^[0-9]{1,6}$/.test(trimmedOptind)) return void 0;
+          fastAssigned = String(Number(trimmedOptind));
+        }
         if (existingArrAssign) {
-          if (!this.tryFastArraySubscriptWriteSync(rawState, assignment.name, "0", fastAssigned)) return void 0;
+          if (!this.tryFastArraySubscriptWriteSync(rawState, targetAssignName, "0", fastAssigned)) return void 0;
           const restEpoch2 = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
           this.budget.tick();
           if (!hasSubPart) rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
@@ -76878,7 +77255,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
             }
           } else {
-            activeExisting.values.get(0).text.shellValue = "0";
+            this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(activeExisting, "0");
             activeStore.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
           }
           const finalStatus2 = pipeline.negate ? 1 : 0;
@@ -76889,8 +77266,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         }
         let finalAssigned = fastAssigned;
         if (assignment.append) {
-          const curRaw = rawState.variables[assignment.name];
-          const curStr = curRaw === void 0 ? "" : monitor.values.get(assignment.name, curRaw) ?? curRaw;
+          const curRaw = rawState.variables[targetAssignName];
+          const curStr = curRaw === void 0 ? "" : monitor.values.get(targetAssignName, curRaw) ?? curRaw;
           if (typeof curStr !== "string") return void 0;
           finalAssigned = curStr + finalAssigned;
           if (finalAssigned.length > this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes || finalAssigned.length * 3 > this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes && shellValueByteLength(finalAssigned) > this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes) return void 0;
@@ -76898,19 +77275,23 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
         this.budget.tick();
         if (!hasSubPart) rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
-        if (assignment.name !== "_" && rawState.variables._ !== void 0) delete rawState.variables._;
+        if (targetAssignName !== "_" && rawState.variables._ !== void 0) delete rawState.variables._;
         rawState.lastArgument = "";
         if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
-          rawState.variables[assignment.name] = finalAssigned;
-          this._syncArithTouched.add(assignment.name);
-        } else monitor.publishStringVariable(assignment.name, finalAssigned);
-        if (rawState.allexport) monitor.proxy.exported.add(assignment.name);
+          rawState.variables[targetAssignName] = finalAssigned;
+          this._syncArithTouched.add(targetAssignName);
+        } else monitor.publishStringVariable(targetAssignName, finalAssigned);
+        if (targetAssignName === "OPTIND") {
+          rawState.variables.OPTIND = finalAssigned;
+          this.syncGetopts(rawState);
+        }
+        if (rawState.allexport) monitor.proxy.exported.add(targetAssignName);
         if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext) io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = void 0;
         if (!existing) {
           monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
           monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
         } else {
-          elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+          this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
           store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
         }
         const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? 1 : 0;
@@ -76924,51 +77305,196 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
     if (command7.words.length >= 1) {
       const w0Plain = command7.words[0].plain;
       if (this.budget.limits.maxExpansionFields === Infinity && command7.words.length >= 4 && w0Plain === "printf" && command7.words[1]?.plain === "-v" && command7.redirects.length === 0 && canMutatePipeStatus && (!pipeline.negate || ignored || !rawState.errexit) && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "printf") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("printf")) {
-        const targetVar = command7.words[2]?.plain;
         const def = this.commands.get("printf");
-        if (targetVar && isShellIdentifier(targetVar) && targetVar !== "OPTIND" && targetVar !== "PIPESTATUS" && targetVar !== "_" && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(targetVar) && !store?.get(targetVar) && !monitor.hasOverlay(targetVar) && def && def.execute === printfCommand.execute && command7.words.length <= this.budget.maxExpansionFieldsSmi && this.arePureArgWords(command7.words, rawState)) {
-          fastSubScratchArgs.length = 0;
-          let allStrings = true;
-          try {
-            for (let i = 3; i < command7.words.length; i++) {
-              const v = this.fastValueWord(command7.words[i], rawState, io, true, false, false, true, void 0, diagnosticLine);
-              if (typeof v !== "string") {
+        if (def && def.execute === printfCommand.execute && command7.words.length <= this.budget.maxExpansionFieldsSmi && this.arePureArgWords(command7.words, rawState)) {
+          let targetSpec = command7.words[2]?.plain;
+          if (targetSpec === void 0) {
+            try {
+              targetSpec = this.fastValueWord(command7.words[2], rawState, io, true, false, false, true, void 0, diagnosticLine);
+            } catch {
+              targetSpec = void 0;
+            }
+          }
+          if (typeof targetSpec === "string") {
+            const openBr = targetSpec.indexOf("[");
+            const isSubTarget = openBr > 0 && targetSpec.endsWith("]") && targetSpec.length > openBr + 2;
+            const rawTargetVar = isSubTarget ? targetSpec.slice(0, openBr) : targetSpec;
+            const targetVar = isShellIdentifier(rawTargetVar) ? resolveSyncNameref(rawState, rawTargetVar) : "";
+            if (targetVar && isShellIdentifier(targetVar) && targetVar !== "OPTIND" && targetVar !== "PIPESTATUS" && targetVar !== "_" && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(targetVar) && !monitor.hasOverlay(targetVar) && (isSubTarget || !store?.get(targetVar))) {
+              fastSubScratchArgs.length = 0;
+              let allStrings = true;
+              try {
+                for (let i = 3; i < command7.words.length; i++) {
+                  const v = this.fastValueWord(command7.words[i], rawState, io, true, false, false, true, void 0, diagnosticLine);
+                  if (typeof v !== "string") {
+                    allStrings = false;
+                    break;
+                  }
+                  fastSubScratchArgs.push(v);
+                }
+              } catch {
                 allStrings = false;
-                break;
               }
-              fastSubScratchArgs.push(v);
+              const lastArg = fastSubScratchArgs.length > 0 ? fastSubScratchArgs[fastSubScratchArgs.length - 1] : targetSpec;
+              const formatted3 = allStrings ? tryFastPrintf(fastSubScratchArgs) : void 0;
+              fastSubScratchArgs.length = 0;
+              if (formatted3 !== void 0 && formatted3.length <= this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes && (formatted3.length * 3 <= this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes || shellValueByteLength(formatted3) <= this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes)) {
+                let wroteTarget = true;
+                if (isSubTarget) {
+                  let subKey = targetSpec.slice(openBr + 1, -1);
+                  const existingArr = store?.get(targetVar);
+                  if (!existingArr?.associative && !/^(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,8})$/.test(subKey)) {
+                    const syncTouched = this._syncArithRawWriteOnly ? this._syncArithTouched : void 0;
+                    const directIdx = resolveSimpleArithOperand(subKey.trim(), rawState, monitor, store, syncTouched);
+                    if (directIdx !== void 0 && directIdx >= 0) subKey = String(directIdx);
+                    else {
+                      const exprIdx = tryEvalSimpleExpandedArith(subKey.trim(), rawState, monitor, store, syncTouched);
+                      if (exprIdx !== void 0 && Number(exprIdx) >= 0) subKey = exprIdx;
+                      else wroteTarget = false;
+                    }
+                  }
+                  if (wroteTarget && !this.tryFastArraySubscriptWriteSync(rawState, targetVar, subKey, formatted3)) wroteTarget = false;
+                } else if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
+                  rawState.variables[targetVar] = formatted3;
+                  this._syncArithTouched.add(targetVar);
+                } else monitor.publishStringVariable(targetVar, formatted3);
+                if (wroteTarget) {
+                  if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth) publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command7));
+                  const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
+                  this.budget.tick();
+                  rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
+                  if (rawState.variables._ !== void 0) delete rawState.variables._;
+                  rawState.lastArgument = lastArg;
+                  if (!isSubTarget && rawState.allexport) monitor.proxy.exported.add(targetVar);
+                  if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext) io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = void 0;
+                  if (!existing) {
+                    monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
+                    monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
+                  } else {
+                    this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
+                    store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
+                  }
+                  const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? 1 : 0;
+                  rawState.status = finalStatus;
+                  monitor.epoch = restEpoch;
+                  if (store) store.epoch = restEpoch;
+                  return finalStatus;
+                }
+              }
             }
-          } catch {
-            allStrings = false;
           }
-          const lastArg = fastSubScratchArgs.length > 0 ? fastSubScratchArgs[fastSubScratchArgs.length - 1] : targetVar;
-          const formatted3 = allStrings ? tryFastPrintf(fastSubScratchArgs) : void 0;
-          fastSubScratchArgs.length = 0;
-          if (formatted3 !== void 0 && formatted3.length <= this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes && (formatted3.length * 3 <= this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes || shellValueByteLength(formatted3) <= this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes)) {
-            if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth) publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command7));
-            const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
-            this.budget.tick();
-            rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
-            if (rawState.variables._ !== void 0) delete rawState.variables._;
-            rawState.lastArgument = lastArg;
-            if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
-              rawState.variables[targetVar] = formatted3;
-              this._syncArithTouched.add(targetVar);
-            } else monitor.publishStringVariable(targetVar, formatted3);
-            if (rawState.allexport) monitor.proxy.exported.add(targetVar);
-            if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext) io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = void 0;
-            if (!existing) {
-              monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
-              monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
-            } else {
-              elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
-              store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
+        }
+      }
+      if (command7.words.length >= 2 && command7.words.length <= 16 && (w0Plain === ":" || w0Plain === "true" || w0Plain === "false") && command7.redirects.length === 0 && !hasShellFunction(rawState, w0Plain) && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(w0Plain)) {
+        const rawStatus = w0Plain === "false" ? 1 : 0;
+        const statusChar = rawStatus === 0 ? "0" : "1";
+        if (!canMutatePipeStatus && elem0.text.shellValue !== statusChar) return void 0;
+        const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? Number(rawStatus === 0) : rawStatus;
+        if (finalStatus !== 0 && !ignored && rawState.errexit) return void 0;
+        let lastArg = w0Plain;
+        let argsOk = true;
+        try {
+          for (let i = 1; i < command7.words.length; i++) {
+            const v = this.fastValueWord(command7.words[i], rawState, io, true, false, false, true, void 0, diagnosticLine);
+            if (typeof v !== "string") {
+              argsOk = false;
+              break;
+            }
+            lastArg = v;
+          }
+        } catch {
+          argsOk = false;
+        }
+        if (argsOk) {
+          if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth) publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command7));
+          const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
+          this.budget.tick();
+          rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
+          if (rawState.variables._ !== void 0) delete rawState.variables._;
+          rawState.lastArgument = lastArg;
+          if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext) io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = void 0;
+          return this.finishSyncPipeStatus(rawState, monitor, monitor.store, monitor.store?.get("PIPESTATUS"), elem0, scope, finalStatus, restEpoch);
+        }
+      }
+      if (command7.words.length >= 3 && command7.words.length <= 16 && w0Plain === "getopts" && command7.redirects.length === 0 && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "getopts") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("getopts")) {
+        const optVar = command7.words[2]?.plain;
+        if (optVar && isShellIdentifier(optVar) && optVar !== "OPTIND" && optVar !== "PIPESTATUS" && optVar !== "_" && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(optVar) && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has("OPTIND") && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has("OPTARG") && !rawState.variableAttributes?.get(optVar) && !rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND") && !rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTARG") && !store?.get(optVar) && !store?.get("OPTIND") && !store?.get("OPTARG") && !monitor.hasOverlay(optVar)) {
+          let optstring;
+          let scanArgs;
+          let lastArg = optVar;
+          try {
+            optstring = command7.words[1].plain ?? this.fastValueWord(command7.words[1], rawState, io, true, false, false, true, void 0, diagnosticLine);
+            if (typeof optstring === "string") {
+              if (command7.words.length === 3) {
+                scanArgs = this._fastSubPositional ?? rawState.positional;
+              } else if (command7.words.length === 4 && (() => {
+                const ne = command7.words[3].parts.filter((p) => !(p.kind === "text" && p.value === ""));
+                return ne.length === 1 && ne[0].kind === "variable" && ne[0].name === "@" && ne[0].quoted && !ne[0].length && !ne[0].substring && !ne[0].operator && !ne[0].transform && !ne[0].indirect && !ne[0].prefixNames && getArraySelector(ne[0]) === void 0;
+              })()) {
+                scanArgs = this._fastSubPositional ?? rawState.positional;
+                if (scanArgs.length > 0) lastArg = scanArgs[scanArgs.length - 1];
+              } else {
+                const customArgs = [];
+                let customOk = true;
+                for (let i = 3; i < command7.words.length; i++) {
+                  const v = this.fastValueWord(command7.words[i], rawState, io, true, false, false, true, void 0, diagnosticLine);
+                  if (typeof v !== "string") {
+                    customOk = false;
+                    break;
+                  }
+                  customArgs.push(v);
+                  lastArg = v;
+                }
+                if (customOk) scanArgs = customArgs;
+              }
+            }
+          } catch {
+            scanArgs = void 0;
+          }
+          if (typeof optstring === "string" && optstring.startsWith(":") && scanArgs !== void 0) {
+            rawState.getopts ??= cloneGetoptsBinding(rawState);
+            const res = scanGetoptsSync(rawState.getopts.cursor, optstring, scanArgs);
+            if (res !== void 0) {
+              const rawStatus = res.status;
+              const statusChar = rawStatus === 0 ? "0" : "1";
+              if (canMutatePipeStatus || elem0.text.shellValue === statusChar) {
+                const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? Number(rawStatus === 0) : rawStatus;
+                if (finalStatus === 0 || ignored || !rawState.errexit) {
+                  if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth) publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command7));
+                  const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
+                  this.budget.tick();
+                  rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
+                  if (rawState.variables._ !== void 0) delete rawState.variables._;
+                  rawState.lastArgument = lastArg;
+                  rawState.getopts.cursor = res.state;
+                  const optindStr = String(res.optind);
+                  if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
+                    rawState.variables.OPTIND = optindStr;
+                    this._syncArithTouched.add("OPTIND");
+                  } else monitor.publishStringVariable("OPTIND", optindStr);
+                  if (rawState.allexport) monitor.proxy.exported.add("OPTIND");
+                  if (res.argument.kind === "set") {
+                    if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
+                      rawState.variables.OPTARG = res.argument.value;
+                      this._syncArithTouched.add("OPTARG");
+                    } else monitor.publishStringVariable("OPTARG", res.argument.value);
+                    if (rawState.allexport) monitor.proxy.exported.add("OPTARG");
+                  } else {
+                    delete rawState.variables.OPTARG;
+                    rawState.exported.delete("OPTARG");
+                    if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) this._syncArithTouched.add("OPTARG");
+                    else monitor.values.invalidate("OPTARG");
+                  }
+                  if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
+                    rawState.variables[optVar] = res.option;
+                    this._syncArithTouched.add(optVar);
+                  } else monitor.publishStringVariable(optVar, res.option);
+                  if (rawState.allexport) monitor.proxy.exported.add(optVar);
+                  if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext) io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = void 0;
+                  return this.finishSyncPipeStatus(rawState, monitor, monitor.store, monitor.store?.get("PIPESTATUS"), elem0, scope, finalStatus, restEpoch);
+                }
+              }
             }
-            const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? 1 : 0;
-            rawState.status = finalStatus;
-            monitor.epoch = restEpoch;
-            if (store) store.epoch = restEpoch;
-            return finalStatus;
           }
         }
       }
@@ -77000,7 +77526,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
               monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
             } else {
-              elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+              this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
               store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
             }
             rawState.status = 0;
@@ -77084,7 +77610,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
                 monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
               } else {
-                elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+                this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
                 store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
               }
               const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? 1 : 0;
@@ -77101,6 +77627,81 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
       const w0 = command7.words[0];
       const w0Plain = w0.plain;
       const isHereStringRead = command7.words.length >= 2 && command7.redirects.length === 1 && command7.redirects[0].operator === "<<<" && !command7.redirects[0].move && !command7.redirects[0].document && (command7.redirects[0].descriptor === void 0 || command7.redirects[0].descriptor === 0);
+      if ((w0Plain === "mapfile" || w0Plain === "readarray") && isHereStringRead && (command7.words.length === 2 || command7.words.length === 3) && command7.words[1]?.plain === "-t" && canMutatePipeStatus && !pipeline.negate && !rawState.allexport && !hasShellFunction(rawState, w0Plain) && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has(w0Plain)) {
+        const arrayTarget = command7.words[2]?.plain ?? "MAPFILE";
+        if (!hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, arrayTarget) && isShellIdentifier(arrayTarget) && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(arrayTarget) && !rawState.exported.has(arrayTarget) && !rawState.variableAttributes?.get(arrayTarget) && !controlNames.has(arrayTarget)) {
+          let hv;
+          try {
+            hv = this.fastValueWord(command7.redirects[0].target, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, diagnosticLine);
+          } catch {
+            hv = void 0;
+          }
+          if (typeof hv === "string" && !hv.includes("\0") && hv.length + 1 < this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes && hv.length + 1 <= this.budget.limits.maxInputBytes) {
+            const arrStore = monitor.store ?? requireArrays(rawState);
+            let existingArrayBinding = arrStore.get(arrayTarget);
+            if (!existingArrayBinding && rawState.variables[arrayTarget] === void 0 && !arrStore.watches.has(arrayTarget) && !monitor.hasOverlay(arrayTarget)) {
+              const recTickets = arrStore.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
+              const recBinding = arrStore.takeRecycled(arrayTarget, false, true, recTickets);
+              if (recBinding) {
+                monitor.epoch = recTickets.epoch;
+                existingArrayBinding = recBinding;
+              } else {
+                try {
+                  const created = IndexedBinding.create(arrStore.owner, false);
+                  const prepared = arrStore.prepareExistingName(arrayTarget, shellValueByteLength(arrayTarget), arrStore.owner, this.signal);
+                  if (prepared) {
+                    const initTickets = arrStore.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
+                    arrStore.publish(arrayTarget, created, initTickets, prepared, false, arrStore.owner);
+                    monitor.epoch = initTickets.epoch;
+                    existingArrayBinding = created;
+                  } else {
+                    void created.release();
+                  }
+                } catch {
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            if (existingArrayBinding && !existingArrayBinding.associative && existingArrayBinding.references === 1 && !arrStore.watches.has(arrayTarget) && !monitor.hasOverlay(arrayTarget)) {
+              const lines3 = hv.split("\n");
+              const fieldLen = lines3.length;
+              if (fieldLen <= 256) {
+                if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth) publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command7));
+                const tickets = arrStore.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 + fieldLen * 4 });
+                if (existingArrayBinding.values.size !== fieldLen || existingArrayBinding.maximum !== fieldLen - 1) {
+                  for (const k of [...existingArrayBinding.values.keys()]) {
+                    if (k >= fieldLen) existingArrayBinding.remove(k);
+                  }
+                  existingArrayBinding.maximum = fieldLen - 1;
+                }
+                for (let idx = 0; idx < fieldLen; idx++) {
+                  const val = lines3[idx];
+                  const byteLen = shellValueByteLength(val);
+                  const slot = existingArrayBinding.values.get(idx);
+                  if (slot && slot.text.references === 1 && slot.text.bytes === byteLen) {
+                    existingArrayBinding.owner.chargeWork(byteLen);
+                    slot.text.shellValue = val;
+                  } else {
+                    existingArrayBinding.owner.chargeWork(byteLen);
+                    const token = new OwnedText(val, byteLen, existingArrayBinding.owner.reserve({ payload: byteLen, metadata: 32, work: 4 }));
+                    existingArrayBinding.insert(idx, token);
+                  }
+                }
+                delete rawState.variables[arrayTarget];
+                monitor.values.invalidate(arrayTarget);
+                monitor.epoch = tickets.epoch;
+                arrStore.revise(arrayTarget, existingArrayBinding, tickets);
+                const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
+                this.budget.tick();
+                rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
+                if (rawState.variables._ !== void 0) delete rawState.variables._;
+                rawState.lastArgument = command7.words[command7.words.length - 1].plain ?? arrayTarget;
+                if (io.assignmentDiagnosticContext) io.assignmentDiagnosticContext.name = void 0;
+                return this.finishSyncPipeStatus(rawState, monitor, monitor.store, monitor.store?.get("PIPESTATUS"), elem0, scope, 0, restEpoch);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       if ((w0Plain === "read" || command7.words[1]?.plain === "read" && w0.parts[0]?.kind === "text" && w0.parts[0].value.startsWith("IFS=")) && canMutatePipeStatus && !pipeline.negate && !rawState.allexport && !hasShellFunction(rawState, "read") && !rawState.extensions?.builtins.has("read") && (command7.redirects.length === 0 ? io.stdin instanceof ShellInput : isHereStringRead)) {
         let ifs;
         let readWordIdx = 1;
@@ -77152,7 +77753,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                       if (nextW.plain !== void 0) delimStr = nextW.plain;
                       else {
                         try {
-                          const fv = this.fastValueWord(nextW, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, 0, diagnosticLine);
+                          const fv = this.fastValueWord(nextW, rawState, io, true, false, false, false, void 0, diagnosticLine);
                           if (typeof fv === "string") delimStr = fv;
                         } catch {
                           delimStr = void 0;
@@ -77189,29 +77790,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               const varCount = command7.words.length - readWordIdx;
               let existingArrayBinding;
               if (arrayTarget !== void 0) {
-                if (hasUnpreparedLocals(rawState)) return void 0;
+                if (hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, arrayTarget)) return void 0;
                 if (varCount !== 0 || !isShellIdentifier(arrayTarget) || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(arrayTarget) || rawState.exported.has(arrayTarget) || rawState.variableAttributes?.get(arrayTarget) || controlNames.has(arrayTarget)) {
                   simpleRead = false;
                 } else {
                   const arrStore = monitor.store ?? requireArrays(rawState);
                   existingArrayBinding = arrStore.get(arrayTarget);
-                  if (!existingArrayBinding && rawState.variables[arrayTarget] === void 0 && !arrStore.watches.has(arrayTarget) && !monitor.hasOverlay(arrayTarget)) {
-                    try {
-                      const created = IndexedBinding.create(arrStore.owner, false);
-                      const nameByteLen = shellValueByteLength(arrayTarget);
-                      const prepared = arrStore.prepareExistingName(arrayTarget, nameByteLen, arrStore.owner, this.signal);
-                      if (prepared) {
-                        const initTickets = arrStore.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
-                        arrStore.publish(arrayTarget, created, initTickets, prepared, false, arrStore.owner);
-                        monitor.epoch = initTickets.epoch;
-                        existingArrayBinding = created;
-                      } else {
-                        void created.release();
-                      }
-                    } catch {
-                    }
-                  }
-                  if (!existingArrayBinding || existingArrayBinding.associative || existingArrayBinding.references !== 1 || arrStore.watches.has(arrayTarget) || monitor.hasOverlay(arrayTarget)) {
+                  if ((existingArrayBinding ? existingArrayBinding.associative || existingArrayBinding.references !== 1 : rawState.variables[arrayTarget] !== void 0) || arrStore.watches.has(arrayTarget) || monitor.hasOverlay(arrayTarget)) {
                     simpleRead = false;
                   }
                 }
@@ -77250,6 +77835,31 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                   }
                 } else lineStr = io.stdin.tryReadSimpleRawAsciiLineSync(readDelim, raw);
                 if (lineStr !== void 0) {
+                  if (arrayTarget !== void 0 && !existingArrayBinding) {
+                    const arrStore = monitor.store ?? requireArrays(rawState);
+                    if (!existingArrayBinding && rawState.variables[arrayTarget] === void 0 && !arrStore.watches.has(arrayTarget) && !monitor.hasOverlay(arrayTarget)) {
+                      const recTickets = arrStore.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
+                      const recBinding = arrStore.takeRecycled(arrayTarget, false, true, recTickets);
+                      if (recBinding) {
+                        monitor.epoch = recTickets.epoch;
+                        existingArrayBinding = recBinding;
+                      } else try {
+                        const created = IndexedBinding.create(arrStore.owner, false);
+                        const nameByteLen = shellValueByteLength(arrayTarget);
+                        const prepared = arrStore.prepareExistingName(arrayTarget, nameByteLen, arrStore.owner, this.signal);
+                        if (prepared) {
+                          const initTickets = arrStore.owner.charge({ generation: true, version: true, epoch: true, work: 8 });
+                          arrStore.publish(arrayTarget, created, initTickets, prepared, false, arrStore.owner);
+                          monitor.epoch = initTickets.epoch;
+                          existingArrayBinding = created;
+                        } else {
+                          void created.release();
+                        }
+                      } catch {
+                      }
+                    }
+                    if (!existingArrayBinding) return void 0;
+                  }
                   if (rawState.extensions && !rawState.extensions.eventDepth) publishCommandSpelling(rawState, commandSpelling(command7));
                   if (arrayTarget !== void 0 && existingArrayBinding) {
                     const isSep = (c) => {
@@ -77299,6 +77909,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                       readArrayScratchFields.length = 0;
                       delete rawState.variables[arrayTarget];
                       monitor.epoch = tickets.epoch;
+                      existingArrayBinding.assigned = true;
                       activeArrStore.revise(arrayTarget, existingArrayBinding, tickets);
                     } catch (error) {
                       readArrayScratchFields.length = 0;
@@ -77355,7 +77966,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                     monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
                     monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
                   } else {
-                    elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+                    this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
                     store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
                   }
                   rawState.status = 0;
@@ -77513,7 +78124,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
                 monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
               } else {
-                elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+                this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
                 store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
               }
               rawState.status = 0;
@@ -77578,7 +78189,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
               monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
             } else {
-              elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+              this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
               store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
             }
             rawState.status = 0;
@@ -77646,6 +78257,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               if (isLocalScope) {
                 let existingLocal = currentFrame.get(an);
                 if (!existingLocal) {
+                  if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched?.has(an)) monitor.values.invalidate(an);
                   existingLocal = saveVariable(state, an);
                   syncLocalArrayVariables.add(existingLocal);
                   currentFrame.set(an, existingLocal);
@@ -77702,13 +78314,15 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           }
           return void 0;
         }
+        const isNamerefDecl = command7.words[1]?.plain === "-n" && rawState.locals.length > 0 && command7.words.length >= 3;
+        const isGlobalDecl = command7.words[1]?.plain === "-g" && (w0Plain === "declare" || w0Plain === "typeset") && command7.words.length >= 3;
         const parsedLocals = [];
         let allValidLocal = true;
-        for (let idx = 1; idx < command7.words.length; idx++) {
+        for (let idx = isNamerefDecl || isGlobalDecl ? 2 : 1; idx < command7.words.length; idx++) {
           const wArg = command7.words[idx];
           const assignment = !getArrayAssignment(wArg) ? this.assignment(wArg) : void 0;
           if (assignment) {
-            if (assignment.name === "OPTIND" || assignment.name === "PIPESTATUS" || assignment.name.includes("[") || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(assignment.name) || store?.get(assignment.name)) {
+            if (!isNamerefDecl && rawState.variableAttributes?.get(assignment.name) || assignment.name === "OPTIND" && (assignment.append || rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND")) || assignment.name === "PIPESTATUS" || assignment.name.includes("[") || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(assignment.name) || store?.get(assignment.name)) {
               allValidLocal = false;
               break;
             }
@@ -77722,16 +78336,43 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               allValidLocal = false;
               break;
             }
+            if (assignment.name === "OPTIND") {
+              const trimmedOptind = fastAssigned.trim();
+              if (!/^[0-9]{1,6}$/.test(trimmedOptind)) {
+                allValidLocal = false;
+                break;
+              }
+              fastAssigned = String(Number(trimmedOptind));
+            }
             parsedLocals.push({ name: assignment.name, val: fastAssigned, append: assignment.append, lastArg: `${assignment.name}=${fastAssigned}` });
-          } else if (wArg.plain && /^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(wArg.plain) && wArg.plain !== "OPTIND" && wArg.plain !== "PIPESTATUS" && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(wArg.plain) && !store?.get(wArg.plain)) {
+          } else if (wArg.plain && /^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(wArg.plain) && (wArg.plain !== "OPTIND" || !rawState.variableAttributes?.get("OPTIND")) && wArg.plain !== "PIPESTATUS" && !rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(wArg.plain) && !store?.get(wArg.plain)) {
             parsedLocals.push({ name: wArg.plain, val: void 0, append: false, lastArg: wArg.plain });
           } else {
             allValidLocal = false;
             break;
           }
         }
+        if (isNamerefDecl && allValidLocal) {
+          for (let i = 0; i < parsedLocals.length; i++) {
+            const it = parsedLocals[i];
+            if (!it.val || it.append || !isShellIdentifier(it.val) || it.val === it.name || rawState.variableAttributes?.get(it.val)) {
+              allValidLocal = false;
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (isGlobalDecl && allValidLocal && rawState.locals.length > 0) {
+          for (let i = 0; i < parsedLocals.length; i++) {
+            const it = parsedLocals[i];
+            if (rawState.locals.some((f) => f.has(it.name))) {
+              allValidLocal = false;
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
         if (allValidLocal && parsedLocals.length > 0) {
-          const locals = rawState.locals.length > 0 ? rawState.locals[rawState.locals.length - 1] : void 0;
+          if ((rawState.locals.length === 0 || isGlobalDecl) && parsedLocals.some((item) => item.val === void 0 && !rawState.variableAttributes?.has(item.name))) return void 0;
+          const locals = !isGlobalDecl && rawState.locals.length > 0 ? rawState.locals[rawState.locals.length - 1] : void 0;
           const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
           this.budget.tick();
           rawState.substitutionStatus = 0;
@@ -77742,7 +78383,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             if (locals && isNewLocal) {
               if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
                 const curVal = this._syncArithTouched.has(item.name) ? rawState.variables[item.name] : rawState.variables[item.name] === void 0 ? void 0 : monitor.values.get(item.name, rawState.variables[item.name]) ?? rawState.variables[item.name];
-                locals.set(item.name, { attributes: void 0, value: typeof curVal === "string" ? curVal : void 0, exported: false, readOnly: false });
+                locals.set(item.name, { attributes: void 0, value: typeof curVal === "string" ? curVal : void 0, exported: rawState.exported.has(item.name), readOnly: false, ...item.name === "OPTIND" ? { getopts: cloneGetoptsBinding(rawState) } : {} });
               } else locals.set(item.name, saveVariable(state, item.name));
               delete rawState.variables[item.name];
               if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) this._syncArithTouched.add(item.name);
@@ -77755,16 +78396,25 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 rawState.variables[item.name] = finalVal;
                 this._syncArithTouched.add(item.name);
               } else monitor.publishStringVariable(item.name, finalVal);
+              if (item.name === "OPTIND") {
+                rawState.variables.OPTIND = finalVal;
+                this.syncGetopts(rawState);
+              }
               if (rawState.allexport) monitor.proxy.exported.add(item.name);
               rawState.lastArgument = `${item.name}=${finalVal}`;
-              if (!rawState.variableAttributes?.has(item.name)) {
+              if (isNamerefDecl) {
                 rawState.variableAttributes ??= /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-                rawState.variableAttributes.set(item.name, "");
-              }
+                rawState.variableAttributes.set(item.name, "n");
+              } else if (isNewLocal && rawState.variableAttributes?.has(item.name)) rawState.variableAttributes.delete(item.name);
             } else {
-              if (!rawState.variableAttributes?.has(item.name)) {
-                rawState.variableAttributes ??= /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-                rawState.variableAttributes.set(item.name, "");
+              if (item.name === "OPTIND") this.syncGetopts(rawState);
+              if (!locals) {
+                if (!rawState.variableAttributes?.has(item.name)) {
+                  rawState.variableAttributes ??= /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+                  rawState.variableAttributes.set(item.name, "");
+                }
+              } else if (isNewLocal && rawState.variableAttributes?.has(item.name)) {
+                rawState.variableAttributes.delete(item.name);
               }
               rawState.lastArgument = item.lastArg;
             }
@@ -77778,7 +78428,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
             }
           } else {
-            elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+            this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
             store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
           }
           rawState.status = 0;
@@ -77801,7 +78451,6 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           if (fastArg.length > 0 && fastArg.length <= 15 && /^-?[0-9]+$/.test(fastArg)) {
             const retStatus = (Number(fastArg) % 256 + 256) % 256;
             const statusStr = retStatus === 0 ? "0" : retStatus === 1 ? "1" : String(retStatus);
-            if (existing && elem0.text.bytes !== statusStr.length) return void 0;
             const prevStatus = rawState.status;
             const restEpoch = monitor.chargeInternal(syncRestorationCharge, syncRestorationTickets).epoch;
             this.budget.tick();
@@ -77813,7 +78462,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               monitor.lazyPipeStatus = retStatus === 0 ? singleStatusZero : retStatus === 1 ? singleStatusOne : [retStatus];
               monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
             } else {
-              elem0.text.shellValue = statusStr;
+              this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, statusStr);
               store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
             }
             rawState.status = retStatus;
@@ -77851,9 +78500,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             } else {
               const savedPos = rawState.positional;
               rawState.positional = fnArgs;
+              rawState.locals.push(/* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
+              rawState.functionDepth++;
               try {
                 canSyncFn = this.canSyncScriptCompound(fnBody.body, rawState, 1);
               } finally {
+                rawState.functionDepth--;
+                rawState.locals.pop();
                 rawState.positional = savedPos;
               }
             }
@@ -77941,9 +78594,13 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 rawState.locals.pop();
                 rawState.functionNames?.shift();
                 for (const [k, previous] of locals) {
-                  if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched && !syncLocalArrayVariables.has(previous) && !previous.heldValue && !previous.attributes && !previous.exported && !previous.readOnly && k !== "OPTIND") {
+                  if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched && !syncLocalArrayVariables.has(previous) && !previous.heldValue && !previous.attributes && !previous.exported && !previous.readOnly) {
                     if (previous.value === void 0) delete rawState.variables[k];
                     else rawState.variables[k] = (0, value_exports.shellValueText)(previous.value);
+                    if (k === "OPTIND" && previous.getopts) {
+                      rawState.getopts = { integer: previous.getopts.integer, cursor: cloneGetoptsState(previous.getopts.cursor) };
+                    }
+                    rawState.variableAttributes?.delete(k);
                     this._syncArithTouched.add(k);
                   } else tryRestoreVariableSync(state, k, previous);
                 }
@@ -77959,8 +78616,8 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 monitor.lazyPipeStatus = exitStatus === 0 ? singleStatusZero : exitStatus === 1 ? singleStatusOne : [exitStatus];
                 monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
               }
-            } else if (activeExisting.values.get(0).text.bytes === statusStr.length) {
-              activeExisting.values.get(0).text.shellValue = statusStr;
+            } else {
+              this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(activeExisting, statusStr);
               activeStore.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
             }
             rawState.status = exitStatus;
@@ -78013,7 +78670,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                     monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
                   }
                 } else {
-                  activeExisting.values.get(0).text.shellValue = "0";
+                  this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(activeExisting, "0");
                   activeStore.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
                 }
                 rawState.status = 0;
@@ -78042,7 +78699,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 rawState.depth++;
                 let evalStatus;
                 try {
-                  evalStatus = this.trySyncScript(cachedUnit.script, state, io, Boolean(ignored));
+                  evalStatus = this.trySyncScript(cachedUnit.script, state, { ...io, diagnosticOffset: (diagnosticLine ?? 1) - 1, functionCommandLines: void 0, assignmentDiagnosticContext: { name: "eval" } }, Boolean(ignored));
                 } finally {
                   rawState.depth--;
                 }
@@ -78058,7 +78715,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                         monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
                       }
                     } else {
-                      activeExisting.values.get(0).text.shellValue = "0";
+                      this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(activeExisting, "0");
                       activeStore.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
                     }
                   }
@@ -78129,7 +78786,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
             }
           } else {
-            elem0.text.shellValue = statusChar;
+            this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, statusChar);
             store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
           }
           const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? Number(fastPred === 0) : fastPred;
@@ -78189,7 +78846,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                 } else {
                   const idxNum = /^(?:0|[1-9][0-9]{0,8})$/.test(subExpr) ? Number(subExpr) : resolveSimpleArithOperand(subExpr, rawState, monitor, arrStore, this._syncArithRawWriteOnly ? this._syncArithTouched : void 0);
                   if (idxNum !== void 0 && idxNum >= 0 && idxNum <= 2147483647) {
-                    if (!curB && rawState.variables[arrName] === void 0 && !arrStore.watches.has(arrName) && !monitor.hasOverlay(arrName)) {
+                    if (!curB && !hasUnpreparedLocal(rawState, arrName) && rawState.variables[arrName] === void 0 && !arrStore.watches.has(arrName) && !monitor.hasOverlay(arrName)) {
                       const created = IndexedBinding.create(arrStore.owner, false);
                       const prepared = arrStore.prepareExistingName(arrName, shellValueByteLength(arrName), arrStore.owner, this.signal);
                       if (prepared) {
@@ -78226,7 +78883,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
                   monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
                 }
               } else {
-                activeExisting.values.get(0).text.shellValue = "0";
+                this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(activeExisting, "0");
                 activeStore.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
               }
               const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? 1 : 0;
@@ -78299,7 +78956,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
               monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
               monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
             } else {
-              elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+              this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
               store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
             }
             const finalStatus = pipeline.negate ? 1 : 0;
@@ -78344,7 +79001,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           if (rawState.nounset && part.name >= "1" && part.name <= "9" && rawState.positional[part.name.charCodeAt(0) - 49] === void 0) return false;
           continue;
         }
-        if (part.prefixNames || part.specialParameter || part.transform || part.name === "@" || part.name === "*" || part.name === "PIPESTATUS" || part.name === "LINENO" || part.name === "_" || part.name === "FUNCNAME" || !isShellIdentifier(part.name)) {
+        if (part.prefixNames || part.specialParameter || part.transform || part.name === "@" || part.name === "*" || part.name === "PIPESTATUS" || part.name === "LINENO" || part.name === "_" || part.name === "FUNCNAME" || part.name === "DIRSTACK" || !isShellIdentifier(part.name)) {
           return false;
         }
         if (part.indirect) {
@@ -78397,8 +79054,9 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             }
           } else if (part.operator === "^" || part.operator === "^^" || part.operator === "," || part.operator === ",,") {
             if (part.alternate && part.alternate.parts.length > 0) return false;
-          } else if (part.operator === "-" || part.operator === ":-" || part.operator === "+" || part.operator === ":+") {
+          } else if (part.operator === "-" || part.operator === ":-" || part.operator === "+" || part.operator === ":+" || part.operator === "=" || part.operator === ":=") {
             if (!part.alternate || !part.alternate.parts.every((p) => p.kind === "text" || p.kind === "arithmetic" || p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring)) return false;
+            if ((part.operator === "=" || part.operator === ":=") && (!isShellIdentifier(part.name) || part.name === "OPTIND" || part.name === "PIPESTATUS" || part.name === "_" || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(part.name) || rawState.variableAttributes?.get(part.name) || stateMonitor(rawState)?.store?.get(part.name))) return false;
           } else if (part.operator === "#" || part.operator === "##" || part.operator === "%" || part.operator === "%%") {
             if (!part.alternate || part.alternate.parts.length === 0) return false;
             const q0 = part.alternate.parts[0].quoted;
@@ -78427,7 +79085,15 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         if (!collectPureReadOnlySmiNames(part.expression, names)) {
           if (rawState.nounset) return false;
           const em = SIMPLE_EXPANDED_ARITH_RE.exec(part.source);
-          if (!em || (em[2] === "/" || em[2] === "%") && !(em[3] && /^[1-9][0-9]*$/.test(em[3]))) return false;
+          if (!em || (em[2] === "/" || em[2] === "%") && !(em[3] && /^[1-9][0-9]*$/.test(em[3]))) {
+            if (part.source.includes("<<") || part.source.includes(">>") || part.source.includes("**") || /[/%](?!\s*[1-9][0-9]*\b)/.test(part.source)) return false;
+            try {
+              const expW = parseArithmeticExpansion(part.source, this.budget.parsing, false, 0, void 0, rawState.extensions?.syntax);
+              if (!this.isPureSyncValueWord(expW, rawState)) return false;
+            } catch {
+              return false;
+            }
+          }
         }
         continue;
       }
@@ -78749,7 +79415,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
         monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
         monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
       } else {
-        elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+        this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
         store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
       }
     }
@@ -79101,7 +79767,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
             monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
             monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
           } else {
-            elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+            this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
             store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
           }
         }
@@ -79315,7 +79981,7 @@ var Runtime = class _Runtime {
           monitor.lazyPipeStatus = singleStatusZero;
           monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets);
         } else {
-          elem0.text.shellValue = "0";
+          this.setSyncPipeStatusCell(existing, "0");
           store.changed(monitor.chargeInternal(syncPipeStatusCharge, syncPipeStatusTickets), "PIPESTATUS");
         }
       }
@@ -81604,7 +82270,7 @@ ${s1}
           previous.set(assignment.name, saved);
           const existingArray = arrayStore(state)?.get(assignment.name);
           const canSkipTypedScalarOverlay = !existingArray && words[0] === "read" && !state.functions.has("read") && !state.extensions?.builtins.has("read") && !words.some((w) => w.startsWith("-a") || w.startsWith("-") && !w.startsWith("--") && w.includes("a"));
-          if (words.length && !canSkipTypedScalarOverlay && (guestArrays(state) || assignment.name === "PIPESTATUS" && existingArray)) {
+          if (words.length && !canSkipTypedScalarOverlay && (guestArrays(state) || existingArray)) {
             const store = requireArrays(state);
             await this.prepareVariable(state, assignment.name, saved, !existingArray);
             if (existingArray) {
@@ -81626,15 +82292,28 @@ ${s1}
         overlayOpen = true;
       }
       if (inlineInput || (state.profile === "sh" || !words.length) && assignments2.some((assignment) => state.readonlyVariables?.has(assignment.name))) await assign();
-      if (inlineInput && functionCommand && previous?.size) {
+      if (inlineInput && previous?.size) {
         if (stateMonitor(state)?.lazyPipeStatus !== void 0) stateMonitor(state).activate(true);
         const redirectState = tryCloneStateSync(state) ?? await cloneState(state, this.signal);
         const variables = redirectState.variables;
         const redirectAssignments = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
         for (const [name2, saved] of previous) {
           redirectAssignments.set(name2, stateMonitor(state).values.get(name2, state.variables[name2]));
+          if (saved.exported) redirectState.exported.add(name2);
+          else redirectState.exported.delete(name2);
           if (saved.value === void 0) delete variables[name2];
           else publishVariable(redirectState, name2, saved.heldValue?.value ?? saved.value);
+          const binding = typedSavedVariables.get(saved)?.binding;
+          if (binding) {
+            const store = requireArrays(redirectState);
+            const prepared = await store.prepareName(name2, store.owner, this.signal);
+            const tickets = store.tickets(name2);
+            try {
+              await store.publish(name2, binding.retain(), tickets, prepared);
+            } finally {
+              tickets.release();
+            }
+          }
         }
         redirectState.redirectAssignments = redirectAssignments;
         const savedIndex = previous.get("OPTIND");
@@ -81650,7 +82329,7 @@ ${s1}
         }
         const epoch2 = stateMonitor(state)?.epoch;
         try {
-          io = await this.redirect(command7.redirects, redirectState, io, inputs, outputs, false, true, false, command7.line ?? 1);
+          io = await this.redirect(command7.redirects, redirectState, io, inputs, outputs, isolatedInlineInput, !isolatedInlineInput, false, command7.line ?? 1);
           if (parentStore && stateMonitor(state).epoch !== epoch2) throw new ArrayFailure("stale state snapshot");
         } finally {
           try {
@@ -81671,6 +82350,12 @@ ${s1}
                 if (!previous.has(name2)) publishVariable(state, name2, stateMonitor(redirectState).values.get(name2, value2));
               }
               for (const [name2, saved] of previous) {
+                const typed = typedSavedVariables.get(saved);
+                const binding = arrayStore(redirectState)?.get(name2);
+                if (typed && binding !== typed.binding) {
+                  typedSavedVariables.set(saved, { ...typed, binding: binding?.retain() });
+                  await typed.binding?.release();
+                }
                 saved.value = variables[name2];
                 const value2 = stateMonitor(redirectState).values.get(name2, saved.value ?? "");
                 const held = saved.value === void 0 ? void 0 : stateMonitor(state).values.scope.hold(value2);
@@ -85429,6 +86114,8 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
         seen.add(name2);
         names.push(name2);
       };
+      await consider("DIRSTACK", true);
+      if (state.functionNames?.length) await consider("FUNCNAME", true);
       for (const name2 in state.variables) if (Object.hasOwn(state.variables, name2)) await consider(name2, state.variables[name2] !== void 0);
       if (store) for (const [name2, entry] of store.bindings) await consider(name2, entry.binding.assigned);
       for (const frame of state.locals) for (const [name2, saved] of frame) {
@@ -85495,7 +86182,7 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       setArraySelector(resolved2, { kind: "element", index: { decimal: (0, value_exports.shellValueText)(value2), word: { offset: word.offset, parts: [{ kind: "text", value: (0, value_exports.shellValueText)(value2), quoted: true, ...typeof value2 === "string" ? {} : { byteValue: value2 } }] } } });
       return resolved2;
     }
-    const maximum = binding?.maximum ?? (state.variables[part.name] === void 0 ? -1 : 0);
+    const maximum = binding?.maximum ?? (part.name === "FUNCNAME" && state.variables.FUNCNAME === void 0 ? (state.functionNames?.length ?? 0) - 1 : state.variables[part.name] === void 0 ? -1 : 0);
     const index = await this.arrayIndex(binding, selector.index, state, io, store.owner, false, maximum);
     const resolved = { ...part };
     copyArraySelector(part, resolved);
@@ -85553,8 +86240,7 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       const selector2 = getArraySelector(part);
       if (selector2?.kind === "members" || part.name === "@" || part.name === "*") {
         const members = selector2 ? await this.arrayMembers(part.name, state, io, part.keys) : this.positionalValues(state);
-        const ifs = state.variables.IFS ?? " ";
-        const separator = selector2?.kind === "members" && !split3 && (selector2.separator === "@" || !part.quoted) ? " " : ifs.length ? String.fromCodePoint(ifs.codePointAt(0)) : "";
+        const separator = !split3 && (selector2?.kind === "members" ? selector2.separator === "@" : part.name === "@") ? " " : this.ifsSeparator(state, io);
         const fragments2 = [];
         let bytes3 = 0;
         for (const member of members) {
@@ -85932,7 +86618,7 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       }
       if (part.length) return String(binding?.values.size ?? (part.name === "FUNCNAME" && state.variables.FUNCNAME === void 0 ? state.functionNames?.length ?? 0 : state.variables[part.name] === void 0 ? 0 : 1));
       const values = await this.arrayMembers(part.name, state, io, selector.kind === "keys" || part.keys === true, part.substring);
-      const space = (selector.kind === "keys" || part.keys === true) && state.extensions?.syntax?.arrayKeys ? Boolean(hereDocument || (selector.separator === "@" ? !part.quoted && !split3 || state.variables.IFS === "" : !part.quoted && split3 && state.variables.IFS === "")) : !split3 && (selector.separator === "@" || !part.quoted);
+      const space = selector.kind === "keys" || part.keys === true ? Boolean(hereDocument || (selector.separator === "@" ? !part.quoted && !split3 || state.variables.IFS === "" : !part.quoted && split3 && state.variables.IFS === "")) : !split3 && selector.separator === "@";
       return this.arrayJoin(store.owner, values, space ? " " : this.ifsSeparator(state, io));
     }
     if (part.substring && (part.name === "@" || part.name === "*")) {
@@ -85941,7 +86627,7 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       return (0, value_exports.concatShellValues)(values.flatMap((entry, index) => index ? [separator, entry] : [entry]), io[valueScope]);
     }
     const namerefName = part.indirect && state.variableAttributes?.get(part.name)?.includes("n");
-    let value2 = namerefName ? state.variables[part.name] === void 0 ? void 0 : this.referenceName(state, part.name) : part.specialParameter ? specialValue === void 0 ? void 0 : (0, value_exports.shellValueText)(specialValue) : part.name === "?" ? String(state.status) : part.name === "-" ? `${state.allexport ? "a" : ""}${state.errexit ? "e" : ""}${state.noglob ? "f" : ""}${state.noexec ? "n" : ""}${state.nounset ? "u" : ""}${state.braceexpand !== false ? "B" : ""}${state.noclobber ? "C" : ""}` : part.name === "#" ? String(state.positional.length) : part.name === "@" || part.name === "*" ? state.positional.join(hereString && (part.name === "@" || !part.quoted) ? " " : Array.from(state.variables.IFS ?? " ")[0] ?? "") : /^0+$/u.test(part.name) ? state.arg0 ?? "virtual-bash" : /^\d+$/u.test(part.name) ? state.positional[Number(part.name) - 1] : part.name === "LINENO" ? state.extensions ? String(io.diagnosticLine ?? part.line ?? 1) : state.variables.LINENO ?? String(io.diagnosticLine ?? part.line ?? 1) : this.variable(state, part.name);
+    let value2 = namerefName ? state.variables[part.name] === void 0 ? void 0 : this.referenceName(state, part.name) : part.specialParameter ? specialValue === void 0 ? void 0 : (0, value_exports.shellValueText)(specialValue) : part.name === "?" ? String(state.status) : part.name === "-" ? `${state.allexport ? "a" : ""}${state.errexit ? "e" : ""}${state.noglob ? "f" : ""}${state.noexec ? "n" : ""}${state.nounset ? "u" : ""}${state.braceexpand !== false ? "B" : ""}${state.noclobber ? "C" : ""}` : part.name === "#" ? String(state.positional.length) : part.name === "@" || part.name === "*" ? state.positional.join(part.name === "@" && !split3 || hereString && (part.name === "@" || !part.quoted) ? " " : Array.from(state.variables.IFS ?? " ")[0] ?? "") : /^0+$/u.test(part.name) ? state.arg0 ?? "virtual-bash" : /^\d+$/u.test(part.name) ? state.positional[Number(part.name) - 1] : part.name === "LINENO" ? state.extensions ? String(io.diagnosticLine ?? part.line ?? 1) : state.variables.LINENO ?? String(io.diagnosticLine ?? part.line ?? 1) : this.variable(state, part.name);
     let retained = part.specialParameter ? specialValue : value2;
     if (value2 !== void 0 && !namerefName) {
       if (/^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/u.test(part.name)) {
@@ -85952,7 +86638,7 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       } else if (/^0+$/u.test(part.name)) retained = stateMonitor(state)?.positionals.get(zeroPositionKey, value2) ?? value2;
       else if (/^[0-9]+$/u.test(part.name)) retained = stateMonitor(state)?.positionals.get(String(Number(part.name) - 1), value2) ?? value2;
       else if (part.name === "@" || part.name === "*") {
-        const separator = hereString && (part.name === "@" || !part.quoted) ? " " : this.ifsSeparator(state, io);
+        const separator = part.name === "@" && !split3 || hereString && (part.name === "@" || !part.quoted) ? " " : this.ifsSeparator(state, io);
         const values = this.positionalValues(state);
         retained = (0, value_exports.concatShellValues)(values.flatMap((entry, index) => index ? [separator, entry] : [entry]), io[valueScope]);
       }
@@ -86273,14 +86959,14 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
   fastValueWord(word, state, io, split3, pattern, hereDocument, braces, assignmentStart, overrideDiagnosticLine) {
     const monitor = stateMonitor(state);
     const rawState = monitor ? monitor.raw : state;
-    if (pattern || word.parts.length === 0 || rawState.depth + (io.parameterDepth ?? 0) >= 32 || hasActiveVariableAttributes(rawState)) return void 0;
+    if (pattern || word.parts.length === 0 || rawState.depth + (io.parameterDepth ?? 0) >= 32 || hasNonNamerefAttributes(rawState)) return void 0;
     if (guestArrays(state) && word.parts.some((part) => part.kind === "arithmetic" && !part.expression.error && !isSafeSmiProgram(part.expression))) return void 0;
     const activeArrayStore = arrayStore(state);
     const rawVars = rawState.variables;
     this.signal.throwIfAborted();
     let out = "";
     for (let i = 0; i < word.parts.length; i++) {
-      const part = word.parts[i];
+      let part = word.parts[i];
       if (part.kind === "text") {
         if (part.byteValue || invokedValues.has(part)) return void 0;
         if (hereDocument && part.quoted && part.value.includes("$")) return void 0;
@@ -86291,7 +86977,14 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
         }
         out += part.value;
       } else if (part.kind === "variable") {
-        if (rawState.variableAttributes?.get(part.name)?.includes("n")) return void 0;
+        if (rawState.variableAttributes?.get(part.name)?.includes("n")) {
+          if (part.indirect) return void 0;
+          const resolvedName = resolveSyncNameref(rawState, part.name);
+          if (resolvedName === part.name) return void 0;
+          const origSel = getArraySelector(part);
+          part = { ...part, name: resolvedName };
+          if (origSel) setArraySelector(part, origSel);
+        }
         if (split3 && !part.quoted && (rawVars.IFS !== void 0 && rawVars.IFS !== " 	\n")) return void 0;
         if (!part.indirect && !part.prefixNames && !part.length && !part.substring && !part.transform && part.operator === void 0 && getArraySelector(part) === void 0 && (part.name === "?" || part.name === "#" || part.name.length === 1 && part.name >= "1" && part.name <= "9")) {
           let val2;
@@ -86315,7 +87008,7 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
           const refRaw = rawVars[part.name];
           const refName = refRaw === void 0 ? void 0 : this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched?.has(part.name) ? refRaw : monitor?.values.get(part.name, refRaw) ?? refRaw;
           if (typeof refName !== "string" || !isShellIdentifier(refName)) return void 0;
-          if (activeArrayStore?.get(refName) || rawState.variableAttributes?.get(refName) || refName === "PIPESTATUS" || refName === "LINENO" || refName === "_" || refName === "FUNCNAME") {
+          if (activeArrayStore?.get(refName) || rawState.variableAttributes?.get(refName) || refName === "PIPESTATUS" || refName === "LINENO" || refName === "_" || refName === "FUNCNAME" || refName === "DIRSTACK") {
             return void 0;
           }
           const targetRaw = rawVars[refName];
@@ -86328,7 +87021,7 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
           continue;
         }
         if (part.indirect || part.prefixNames || part.specialParameter || part.transform) return void 0;
-        if (part.name === "@" || part.name === "*" || part.name === "PIPESTATUS" || part.name === "LINENO" || part.name === "_" || part.name === "FUNCNAME") return void 0;
+        if (part.name === "@" || part.name === "*" || part.name === "PIPESTATUS" || part.name === "LINENO" || part.name === "_" || part.name === "FUNCNAME" || part.name === "DIRSTACK") return void 0;
         if (!isShellIdentifier(part.name)) return void 0;
         const selector = getArraySelector(part);
         const arrayBinding = activeArrayStore?.get(part.name);
@@ -86395,10 +87088,11 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
               }
               const ifsVal = monitor?.values.get("IFS", rawVars.IFS ?? " ") ?? rawVars.IFS ?? " ";
               if (validElemOp && typeof ifsVal === "string" && (ifsVal.length === 0 || ifsVal.charCodeAt(0) < 128)) {
-                const sep = selector.separator === "@" ? " " : ifsVal.length > 0 ? ifsVal[0] : "";
+                const sep = selector.separator === "@" && (!isKeys || ifsVal.length === 0) ? " " : ifsVal.length > 0 ? ifsVal[0] : "";
+                const parameterLine = part.line ?? overrideDiagnosticLine;
                 const evalSliceInt = (w) => {
                   if (w.parts.length === 0) return 0;
-                  const expanded = this.fastValueWord(w, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, part.line ?? overrideDiagnosticLine);
+                  const expanded = this.fastValueWord(w, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, parameterLine);
                   if (typeof expanded !== "string") return void 0;
                   const trimmed = expanded.trim();
                   if (trimmed.length === 0) return 0;
@@ -86578,9 +87272,10 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
           if (part.length || part.operator !== void 0 || this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes !== Infinity || rawState.depth + (io.parameterDepth ?? 0) >= 60 || !part.substring.offset.parts.every((p) => p.kind === "text" || p.kind === "arithmetic" || p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring) || part.substring.length && !part.substring.length.parts.every((p) => p.kind === "text" || p.kind === "arithmetic" || p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring) || ValueScope.prototype.reserve !== defaultValueScopeReserve || String.prototype.codePointAt !== defaultStringCodePointAt || globalThis.Float64Array !== defaultFloat64Array || !part.substring.offset.parts.length && !part.substring.length) {
             return void 0;
           }
+          const parameterLine = part.line ?? overrideDiagnosticLine;
           const evalSubInt = (w) => {
             if (w.parts.length === 0) return 0;
-            const expanded = this.fastValueWord(w, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, part.line ?? overrideDiagnosticLine);
+            const expanded = this.fastValueWord(w, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, parameterLine);
             if (typeof expanded !== "string") return void 0;
             const trimmed = expanded.trim();
             if (trimmed.length === 0) return 0;
@@ -86638,7 +87333,8 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
         }
         if (part.operator !== void 0) {
           if (this.budget.limits.maxExpansionBytes !== Infinity || rawState.depth + (io.parameterDepth ?? 0) >= 60 || ValueScope.prototype.reserve !== defaultValueScopeReserve || String.prototype.codePointAt !== defaultStringCodePointAt || globalThis.Float64Array !== defaultFloat64Array) return void 0;
-          if (!rawState.nocasematch && (part.operator === "/" || part.operator === "//" || part.operator === "/#" || part.operator === "/%") && part.alternate && part.alternate.parts.length >= 1 && part.alternate.parts.every((p) => p.quoted === part.alternate.parts[0].quoted && (p.kind === "text" && !p.byteValue || p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring && !p.length && !p.indirect && !p.prefixNames && !p.specialParameter && !p.transform && getArraySelector(p) === void 0 && isShellIdentifier(p.name))) && (!part.replacement || part.replacement.parts.length === 0 || part.replacement.parts.every((p) => p.kind === "text" && !p.byteValue || p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring && !p.length && !p.indirect && !p.prefixNames && !p.specialParameter && !p.transform && getArraySelector(p) === void 0 && isShellIdentifier(p.name)))) {
+          const patternQuoted = part.alternate?.parts[0]?.quoted;
+          if (!rawState.nocasematch && (part.operator === "/" || part.operator === "//" || part.operator === "/#" || part.operator === "/%") && part.alternate && part.alternate.parts.length >= 1 && part.alternate.parts.every((p) => p.quoted === patternQuoted && (p.kind === "text" && !p.byteValue || p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring && !p.length && !p.indirect && !p.prefixNames && !p.specialParameter && !p.transform && getArraySelector(p) === void 0 && isShellIdentifier(p.name))) && (!part.replacement || part.replacement.parts.length === 0 || part.replacement.parts.every((p) => p.kind === "text" && !p.byteValue || p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring && !p.length && !p.indirect && !p.prefixNames && !p.specialParameter && !p.transform && getArraySelector(p) === void 0 && isShellIdentifier(p.name)))) {
             const patQuoted = part.alternate.parts[0].quoted;
             const pat = part.alternate.parts.length === 1 && part.alternate.parts[0].kind === "text" ? part.alternate.parts[0].value : this.fastValueWord(part.alternate, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, part.line ?? overrideDiagnosticLine);
             if (typeof pat !== "string" || pat.length === 0) return void 0;
@@ -86693,7 +87389,7 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
             out += replaced;
             continue;
           }
-          if ((part.operator === "#" || part.operator === "##" || part.operator === "%" || part.operator === "%%") && part.alternate && part.alternate.parts.length >= 1 && part.alternate.parts.every((p) => p.quoted === part.alternate.parts[0].quoted && (p.kind === "text" && !p.byteValue || p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring && !p.length && !p.indirect && !p.prefixNames && !p.specialParameter && !p.transform && getArraySelector(p) === void 0 && isShellIdentifier(p.name)))) {
+          if ((part.operator === "#" || part.operator === "##" || part.operator === "%" || part.operator === "%%") && part.alternate && part.alternate.parts.length >= 1 && part.alternate.parts.every((p) => p.quoted === patternQuoted && (p.kind === "text" && !p.byteValue || p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring && !p.length && !p.indirect && !p.prefixNames && !p.specialParameter && !p.transform && getArraySelector(p) === void 0 && isShellIdentifier(p.name)))) {
             const patQuoted = part.alternate.parts[0].quoted;
             const pat = part.alternate.parts.length === 1 && part.alternate.parts[0].kind === "text" ? part.alternate.parts[0].value : this.fastValueWord(part.alternate, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, part.line ?? overrideDiagnosticLine);
             if (typeof pat !== "string") return void 0;
@@ -86767,7 +87463,9 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
             out += converted;
             continue;
           }
-          if ((part.operator === "-" || part.operator === ":-" || part.operator === "+" || part.operator === ":+") && part.alternate && !rawState.nounset && part.alternate.parts.every((p) => p.kind === "text" || p.kind === "arithmetic" || p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring)) {
+          if ((part.operator === "-" || part.operator === ":-" || part.operator === "+" || part.operator === ":+" || part.operator === "=" || part.operator === ":=") && part.alternate && !rawState.nounset && part.alternate.parts.every((p) => p.kind === "text" || p.kind === "arithmetic" || p.kind === "variable" && !p.operator && !p.substring)) {
+            const isAssignOp = part.operator === "=" || part.operator === ":=";
+            if (isAssignOp && (!isShellIdentifier(part.name) || part.name === "OPTIND" || part.name === "PIPESTATUS" || part.name === "_" || rawState.readonlyVariables?.has(part.name) || rawState.variableAttributes?.get(part.name) || activeArrayStore?.get(part.name) || monitor?.hasOverlay(part.name) || i < word.parts.length - 1 && !this.isPureSyncValueWord({ offset: 0, parts: word.parts.slice(i + 1) }, rawState, false))) return void 0;
             const raw2 = rawVars[part.name];
             const cur = raw2 === void 0 ? void 0 : this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched?.has(part.name) ? raw2 : monitor?.values.get(part.name, raw2) ?? raw2;
             if (cur !== void 0 && typeof cur !== "string") return void 0;
@@ -86780,10 +87478,21 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
                 resolvedScalar = altVal;
               } else resolvedScalar = "";
             } else {
-              const isMissing = cur === void 0 || part.operator === ":-" && cur === "";
+              const isMissing = cur === void 0 || (part.operator === ":-" || part.operator === ":=") && cur === "";
               if (isMissing) {
                 const altVal = this.fastValueWord(part.alternate, rawState, io, false, false, false, false, void 0, part.line ?? overrideDiagnosticLine);
                 if (typeof altVal !== "string") return void 0;
+                if (isAssignOp) {
+                  if (this._syncArithRawWriteOnly && this._syncArithTouched) {
+                    rawState.variables[part.name] = altVal;
+                    this._syncArithTouched.add(part.name);
+                  } else if (monitor) {
+                    monitor.publishStringVariable(part.name, altVal);
+                  } else {
+                    rawState.variables[part.name] = altVal;
+                  }
+                  if (rawState.allexport) (monitor ? monitor.proxy.exported : rawState.exported).add(part.name);
+                }
                 resolvedScalar = altVal;
               } else resolvedScalar = cur;
             }
@@ -86882,7 +87591,7 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
           if (rawState.nounset && p.name >= "1" && p.name <= "9" && activePos[p.name.charCodeAt(0) - 49] === void 0) return false;
           continue;
         }
-        if (p.prefixNames || p.specialParameter || p.transform || p.name === "@" || p.name === "*" || p.name === "PIPESTATUS" || p.name === "LINENO" || p.name === "_" || p.name === "FUNCNAME" || !isShellIdentifier(p.name)) {
+        if (p.prefixNames || p.specialParameter || p.transform || p.name === "@" || p.name === "*" || p.name === "PIPESTATUS" || p.name === "LINENO" || p.name === "_" || p.name === "FUNCNAME" || p.name === "DIRSTACK" || !isShellIdentifier(p.name)) {
           return false;
         }
         if (p.operator !== void 0 && (p.operator === "=" || p.operator === ":=" || p.operator === "?" || p.operator === ":?")) return false;
@@ -87770,7 +88479,7 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
             const binding = arrayStore(state)?.get(part.name);
             const index2 = binding?.associative ? await this.arrayIndex(binding, selector.index, state, partIO, requireArrays(state).owner) : numericIndex(selector.index, 4294967295);
             if (index2 === void 0 && !binding?.associative) throw new ArrayFailure("index outside 0..4294967295");
-            value2 = binding ? index2 === void 0 ? void 0 : binding.getValue(index2) : index2 === 0 ? value2 : void 0;
+            value2 = binding ? index2 === void 0 ? void 0 : binding.getValue(index2) : part.name === "FUNCNAME" && state.variables.FUNCNAME === void 0 ? index2 === void 0 ? void 0 : state.functionNames?.[index2] : index2 === 0 ? value2 : void 0;
           }
           const missing = value2 === void 0 || part.operator.startsWith(":") && shellValueByteLength(value2) === 0;
           if (part.operator.endsWith("+") ? !missing : missing) {
@@ -88070,7 +88779,8 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
           return this.arithmeticValue(prepareArithmetic(source2 || "0", this.budget.parsing), state, io);
         };
         offset = await evaluate(substring.offset);
-        if (offset < 0n) offset += BigInt((binding?.maximum ?? (state.variables[name2] === void 0 ? -1 : 0)) + 1);
+        const maximum = binding?.maximum ?? (name2 === "FUNCNAME" && state.variables.FUNCNAME === void 0 ? (state.functionNames?.length ?? 0) - 1 : state.variables[name2] === void 0 ? -1 : 0);
+        if (offset < 0n) offset += BigInt(maximum + 1);
         if (substring.length) {
           count2 = await evaluate(substring.length);
           if (count2 < 0n) throw new ExpansionFailure("substring expression < 0", io.diagnosticLine);
@@ -88081,7 +88791,7 @@ ${prefix3} line ${offset + line}: \`${source2.split("\n")[line - 1] ?? ""}'
       if (!binding) {
         if (name2 === "FUNCNAME" && state.variables.FUNCNAME === void 0) {
           const stack = state.functionNames ?? [];
-          const start = offset < 0n ? Math.max(0, stack.length + Number(offset)) : Number(offset);
+          const start = Number(offset);
           const end = count2 === void 0 ? stack.length : start + Number(count2);
           const sliced = stack.slice(start, end);
           return keys2 ? sliced.map((_v, idx) => String(start + idx)) : sliced;