@playcanvas/web-components 0.11.0 → 0.12.0

package/dist/pwc.mjs

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-import { basisInitialize, WasmModule, Vec3, Color, Vec4, Quat, Vec2, createGraphicsDevice, AppOptions, Keyboard, Mouse, ElementInput, AnimComponentSystem, AnimationComponentSystem, AudioListenerComponentSystem, ButtonComponentSystem, CameraComponentSystem, CollisionComponentSystem, ElementComponentSystem, GSplatComponentSystem, JointComponentSystem, LayoutChildComponentSystem, LayoutGroupComponentSystem, LightComponentSystem, ModelComponentSystem, ParticleSystemComponentSystem, RenderComponentSystem, RigidBodyComponentSystem, ScreenComponentSystem, ScriptComponentSystem, ScrollbarComponentSystem, ScrollViewComponentSystem, SoundComponentSystem, SpriteComponentSystem, ZoneComponentSystem, AnimClipHandler, AnimationHandler, AnimStateGraphHandler, AudioHandler, BinaryHandler, CssHandler, ContainerHandler, CubemapHandler, FolderHandler, FontHandler, GSplatHandler, HierarchyHandler, HtmlHandler, JsonHandler, MaterialHandler, ModelHandler, RenderHandler, ScriptHandler, SceneHandler, ShaderHandler, SpriteHandler, TemplateHandler, TextHandler, TextureAtlasHandler, TextureHandler, SoundManager, Lightmapper, BatchManager, XrManager, AppBase, FILLMODE_FILL_WINDOW, RESOLUTION_AUTO, Picker, MeshInstance, Entity, Asset, SPRITE_RENDERMODE_SIMPLE, SPRITE_RENDERMODE_SLICED, SPRITE_RENDERMODE_TILED, BUTTON_TRANSITION_MODE_TINT, BUTTON_TRANSITION_MODE_SPRITE_CHANGE, TONEMAP_NONE, PROJECTION_PERSPECTIVE, GAMMA_SRGB, GAMMA_NONE, XRTYPE_VR, TONEMAP_LINEAR, TONEMAP_FILMIC, TONEMAP_HEJL, TONEMAP_ACES, TONEMAP_ACES2, TONEMAP_NEUTRAL, PROJECTION_ORTHOGRAPHIC, ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL, FITTING_NONE, FITTING_STRETCH, FITTING_SHRINK, FITTING_BOTH, ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, SHADOW_PCF3_32F, SHADOW_PCF1_16F, SHADOW_PCF1_32F, SHADOW_PCF3_16F, SHADOW_PCF5_16F, SHADOW_PCF5_32F, SHADOW_VSM_16F, SHADOW_VSM_32F, SHADOW_PCSS_32F, StandardMaterial, BLEND_NONE, CULLFACE_BACK, FRESNEL_SCHLICK, SPECOCC_AO, BLEND_NORMAL, BLEND_ADDITIVE, BLEND_ADDITIVEALPHA, BLEND_PREMULTIPLIED, BLEND_MULTIPLICATIVE, BLEND_MULTIPLICATIVE2X, BLEND_SCREEN, BLEND_MIN, BLEND_MAX, BLEND_SUBTRACTIVE, CULLFACE_NONE, CULLFACE_FRONT, CULLFACE_FRONTANDBACK, FRESNEL_NONE, SPECOCC_NONE, SPECOCC_GLOSSDEPENDENT, SCALEMODE_NONE, SCALEMODE_BLEND, SCROLL_MODE_BOUNCE, SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_WHEN_REQUIRED, SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_ALWAYS, SCROLL_MODE_CLAMP, SCROLL_MODE_INFINITE, EnvLighting, LAYERID_SKYBOX } from 'playcanvas';
+import { basisInitialize, WasmModule, Vec3, Color, Vec4, Quat, Vec2, createGraphicsDevice, AppOptions, Keyboard, Mouse, ElementInput, AnimComponentSystem, AnimationComponentSystem, AudioListenerComponentSystem, ButtonComponentSystem, CameraComponentSystem, CollisionComponentSystem, ElementComponentSystem, GSplatComponentSystem, JointComponentSystem, LayoutChildComponentSystem, LayoutGroupComponentSystem, LightComponentSystem, ModelComponentSystem, ParticleSystemComponentSystem, RenderComponentSystem, RigidBodyComponentSystem, ScreenComponentSystem, ScriptComponentSystem, ScrollbarComponentSystem, ScrollViewComponentSystem, SoundComponentSystem, SpriteComponentSystem, ZoneComponentSystem, AnimClipHandler, AnimationHandler, AnimStateGraphHandler, AudioHandler, BinaryHandler, CssHandler, ContainerHandler, CubemapHandler, FolderHandler, FontHandler, GSplatHandler, HierarchyHandler, HtmlHandler, JsonHandler, MaterialHandler, ModelHandler, RenderHandler, ScriptHandler, SceneHandler, ShaderHandler, SpriteHandler, TemplateHandler, TextHandler, TextureAtlasHandler, TextureHandler, SoundManager, Lightmapper, BatchManager, XrManager, AppBase, FILLMODE_FILL_WINDOW, RESOLUTION_AUTO, Picker, MeshInstance, Entity, Asset, SPRITE_RENDERMODE_SIMPLE, FILTER_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR, FILTER_LINEAR, ADDRESS_REPEAT, SPRITE_RENDERMODE_SLICED, SPRITE_RENDERMODE_TILED, ADDRESS_CLAMP_TO_EDGE, ADDRESS_MIRRORED_REPEAT, FILTER_NEAREST, FILTER_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST, FILTER_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST, FILTER_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR, BUTTON_TRANSITION_MODE_TINT, BUTTON_TRANSITION_MODE_SPRITE_CHANGE, TONEMAP_NONE, PROJECTION_PERSPECTIVE, GAMMA_SRGB, GAMMA_NONE, XRTYPE_VR, TONEMAP_LINEAR, TONEMAP_FILMIC, TONEMAP_HEJL, TONEMAP_ACES, TONEMAP_ACES2, TONEMAP_NEUTRAL, PROJECTION_ORTHOGRAPHIC, ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL, FITTING_NONE, FITTING_STRETCH, FITTING_SHRINK, FITTING_BOTH, ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, SHADOW_PCF3_32F, SHADOW_PCF1_16F, SHADOW_PCF1_32F, SHADOW_PCF3_16F, SHADOW_PCF5_16F, SHADOW_PCF5_32F, SHADOW_VSM_16F, SHADOW_VSM_32F, SHADOW_PCSS_32F, StandardMaterial, BLEND_NONE, CULLFACE_BACK, FRESNEL_SCHLICK, SPECOCC_AO, BLEND_NORMAL, BLEND_ADDITIVE, BLEND_ADDITIVEALPHA, BLEND_PREMULTIPLIED, BLEND_MULTIPLICATIVE, BLEND_MULTIPLICATIVE2X, BLEND_SCREEN, BLEND_MIN, BLEND_MAX, BLEND_SUBTRACTIVE, CULLFACE_NONE, CULLFACE_FRONT, CULLFACE_FRONTANDBACK, FRESNEL_NONE, SPECOCC_NONE, SPECOCC_GLOSSDEPENDENT, SCALEMODE_NONE, SCALEMODE_BLEND, SCROLL_MODE_BOUNCE, SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_WHEN_REQUIRED, SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_ALWAYS, SCROLL_MODE_CLAMP, SCROLL_MODE_INFINITE, EnvLighting, LAYERID_SKYBOX } from 'playcanvas';
 
 /**
  * Base class for all PlayCanvas Web Components that initialize asynchronously.
  *
- * @fires {CustomEvent} ready - Fired once the element is fully initialized. Bubbles and is
- * composed.
+ * @fires {CustomEvent} ready - Fired when the element is fully initialized — once per readiness
+ * cycle, so an element that is torn down and re-initialized (for example by removing and
+ * re-inserting it) fires it again. Bubbles and is composed.
  */
 class AsyncElement extends HTMLElement {
     _readyPromise;
     _readyResolve;
+    _readyResolved = false;
     /** @ignore */
     constructor() {
         super();
@@ -25,25 +27,50 @@ class AsyncElement extends HTMLElement {
         return this.parentElement?.closest('pc-app') ?? null;
     }
     /**
-     * The nearest ancestor `<pc-entity>` element, or `null` if this element has no `<pc-entity>`
-     * ancestor. The search starts at the parent, so an element never resolves to itself.
-     * @returns The closest entity element, or `null`.
+     * The nearest ancestor element that fronts an entity — `<pc-entity>` or `<pc-node>` — or
+     * `null` if this element has no such ancestor. The search starts at the parent, so an element
+     * never resolves to itself.
+     * @returns The closest entity-fronting element, or `null`.
      */
     get closestEntity() {
-        return this.parentElement?.closest('pc-entity') ?? null;
+        return this.parentElement?.closest('pc-entity, pc-node') ?? null;
     }
     /**
      * Called when the element is fully initialized and ready. Subclasses should call this when
      * they're ready. Resolves the ready promise and dispatches a bubbling, composed `ready`
-     * event.
+     * event. Signals at most once per readiness cycle: a repeat call before {@link _resetReady}
+     * has re-armed the promise does nothing.
      */
     _onReady() {
+        if (this._readyResolved)
+            return;
+        this._readyResolved = true;
         this._readyResolve();
         this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('ready', { bubbles: true, composed: true }));
     }
+    /**
+     * Returns the ready promise to its pending state. Subclasses should call this when the
+     * resource their readiness announced is torn down (typically from `disconnectedCallback`),
+     * so that a later re-initialization can signal readiness again. Does nothing while the
+     * promise is still pending — an in-flight waiter carries over to the next readiness cycle
+     * rather than being stranded on a promise nothing will ever resolve.
+     */
+    _resetReady() {
+        if (!this._readyResolved)
+            return;
+        this._readyResolved = false;
+        this._readyPromise = new Promise((resolve) => {
+            this._readyResolve = resolve;
+        });
+    }
     /**
      * Returns a promise that resolves with this element when it's ready. This is the low-level
      * primitive underlying {@link whenReady}, which is the recommended way to wait for elements.
+     *
+     * Readiness tracks the element's current lifecycle: once a ready element is torn down (for
+     * example by removing it from the document), this returns a fresh promise that resolves when
+     * the element is next ready. A promise obtained earlier stays resolved — call this again
+     * after re-inserting an element rather than reusing a promise from before its removal.
      * @returns A promise that resolves with this element when it's ready.
      */
     ready() {
@@ -118,7 +145,14 @@ class ModuleElement extends HTMLElement {
             });
         }
     }
-    getLoadPromise() {
+    /**
+     * Returns the promise that settles when the module has loaded. Awaited by the containing
+     * `<pc-app>` element before it creates its graphics device.
+     *
+     * @returns The load promise.
+     * @internal
+     */
+    _getLoadPromise() {
         return this.loadPromise;
     }
 }
@@ -177,10 +211,7 @@ class LoadingBar {
         // aria-valuenow is set, which is what marks a progressbar indeterminate. jsdom has no Web
         // Animations API, so the guard degrades to a static bar there rather than crashing boot.
         if (typeof this._fill.animate === 'function') {
-            this._sweep = this._fill.animate([
-                { transform: 'scaleX(0.25) translateX(-100%)' },
-                { transform: 'scaleX(0.25) translateX(500%)' }
-            ], {
+            this._sweep = this._fill.animate([{ transform: 'scaleX(0.25) translateX(-100%)' }, { transform: 'scaleX(0.25) translateX(500%)' }], {
                 duration: 1000,
                 iterations: Infinity,
                 easing: 'ease-in-out'
@@ -413,7 +444,7 @@ const CSS_COLORS = {
  */
 const parseComponents = (value, count) => {
     const components = value.trim().split(/\s+/).map(Number);
-    if (components.length !== count || components.some(component => !Number.isFinite(component))) {
+    if (components.length !== count || components.some((component) => !Number.isFinite(component))) {
         return null;
     }
     return components;
@@ -469,7 +500,10 @@ const parseColor = (value, defaultValue, attribute) => {
     if (/^#(?:[0-9a-f]{3}|[0-9a-f]{4}|[0-9a-f]{6}|[0-9a-f]{8})$/i.test(value)) {
         let hex = value.slice(1);
         if (hex.length === 3 || hex.length === 4) {
-            hex = hex.split('').map(char => char + char).join('');
+            hex = hex
+                .split('')
+                .map((char) => char + char)
+                .join('');
         }
         return new Color().fromString(`#${hex}`);
     }
@@ -566,7 +600,10 @@ const parseTags = (value, defaultValue = []) => {
         // caller's default, or a later mutation would write back through it.
         return [...defaultValue];
     }
-    return value.split(',').map(tag => tag.trim()).filter(tag => tag !== '');
+    return value
+        .split(',')
+        .map((tag) => tag.trim())
+        .filter((tag) => tag !== '');
 };
 /**
  * Parse a Vec2 attribute value. The expected format is 2 space-separated numbers (e.g. '1 2').
@@ -658,6 +695,8 @@ const getEntity = (ref) => {
     return element?.entity ?? null;
 };
 
+/** The pointer event types the application synthesizes on `<pc-entity>` elements via picking. */
+const pointerEventTypes = ['pointermove', 'pointerdown', 'pointerup', 'pointerenter', 'pointerleave'];
 /**
  * The AppElement interface provides properties and methods for manipulating
  * {@link https://developer.playcanvas.com/user-manual/web-components/tags/pc-app/ | `<pc-app>`} elements.
@@ -688,11 +727,25 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
      */
     _optionsLocked = false;
     _bar = null;
+    /**
+     * Whether the application has created its initial entity hierarchy. Read by EntityElement to
+     * decide whether a newly connected element must create its entity itself or leave it to the
+     * boot sweep.
+     * @internal
+     */
     _hierarchyReady = false;
+    /**
+     * Incremented on every connect and disconnect. Boot captures the value on entry and abandons
+     * itself wherever it resumes from an await if the value has moved on — so a boot whose
+     * element was removed cannot complete against a torn-down element, and a boot whose element
+     * was removed and re-inserted (which starts a boot of its own) cannot race the newer one.
+     */
+    _bootGeneration = 0;
     /**
      * The elements backing this application's entities, keyed by the entity itself. Registered
-     * by EntityElement at creation and removed when an entity is destroyed, this joins engine
-     * scene nodes back to their owning elements by identity - never by name.
+     * by EntityElement at creation (and NodeElement at binding) and removed when an entity is
+     * destroyed or unbound, this joins engine scene nodes back to their owning elements by
+     * identity - never by name.
      */
     _entityElements = new Map();
     _picker = null;
@@ -741,8 +794,16 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         super();
         // Bind methods to maintain 'this' context
         this._onWindowResize = this._onWindowResize.bind(this);
+        // Track pointer listeners being added to and removed from descendant entities.
+        // Registered once here rather than on every boot - the handlers no-op while there is no
+        // canvas, and a re-booted element must not stack a second set.
+        pointerEventTypes.forEach((type) => {
+            this.addEventListener(`${type}:connect`, () => this._onPointerListenerAdded(type));
+            this.addEventListener(`${type}:disconnect`, () => this._onPointerListenerRemoved(type));
+        });
     }
     async connectedCallback() {
+        const generation = ++this._bootGeneration;
         // Created before the first await, so the bar is visible while modules and the graphics
         // device are created, and exists before any disconnect could need to clean it up
         if (this._loadingBar && !this._bar) {
@@ -751,7 +812,12 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         // Get all pc-module elements that are direct children of the pc-app element
         const moduleElements = this.querySelectorAll(':scope > pc-module');
         // Wait for all modules to load
-        await Promise.all(Array.from(moduleElements).map(module => module.getLoadPromise()));
+        await Promise.all(Array.from(moduleElements).map((module) => module._getLoadPromise()));
+        // The element may have been removed while the modules loaded. Nothing beyond the loading
+        // bar exists yet, and disconnectedCallback has already destroyed that.
+        if (generation !== this._bootGeneration) {
+            return;
+        }
         // Create and append the canvas to the element
         this._canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
         this.appendChild(this._canvas);
@@ -771,6 +837,13 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
             deviceTypes: deviceTypes,
             stencil: this._stencilBuffer
         });
+        // The element may have been removed while the device was created. disconnectedCallback
+        // has already cleaned up the canvas; the device was created inside the await, so it is
+        // this boot's to release.
+        if (generation !== this._bootGeneration) {
+            device.destroy();
+            return;
+        }
         // Assigned rather than resolved to a number here: the engine caps against the live
         // window.devicePixelRatio on every resize, so an uncapped Infinity keeps following the
         // display when a window moves between monitors of differing density.
@@ -847,27 +920,41 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         this._pickerCreate();
         // Get all pc-asset elements that are direct children of the pc-app element
         const assetElements = this.querySelectorAll(':scope > pc-asset');
-        Array.from(assetElements).forEach((assetElement) => {
-            assetElement.createAsset();
+        for (const assetElement of Array.from(assetElements)) {
+            assetElement._createAsset();
             const asset = assetElement.asset;
             if (asset) {
                 app.assets.add(asset);
+                // Adding a fileless asset (one built purely from data, such as a sprite)
+                // completes it synchronously, dispatching the element's load event - whose
+                // listeners may have removed this element. Stop before the next addition
+                // reaches the destroyed registry, and before orphan entities are created.
+                if (generation !== this._bootGeneration) {
+                    return;
+                }
             }
-        });
+        }
         // Get all pc-material elements that are direct children of the pc-app element
         const materialElements = this.querySelectorAll(':scope > pc-material');
         Array.from(materialElements).forEach((materialElement) => {
-            materialElement.createMaterial();
+            materialElement._createMaterial();
         });
         // Create all entities
         const entityElements = this.querySelectorAll('pc-entity');
         Array.from(entityElements).forEach((entityElement) => {
-            entityElement.createEntity(app);
+            entityElement._createEntity(app);
         });
         // Build hierarchy
         entityElements.forEach((entityElement) => {
-            entityElement.buildHierarchy(app);
+            entityElement._buildHierarchy(app);
         });
+        // Building the hierarchy dispatched each entity's ready event synchronously, and a
+        // listener may have removed the element. The sweep itself degrades safely - destroying
+        // the application nulls every element's entity, so the remaining builds no-op - but the
+        // teardown's reset must not be overwritten here.
+        if (generation !== this._bootGeneration) {
+            return;
+        }
         this._hierarchyReady = true;
         // Forward the engine's preload lifecycle as DOM ProgressEvents on this element. The
         // listener must be attached before preload() is called: an asset that is already loaded
@@ -884,8 +971,19 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         this._loadProgress = total === 0 ? 1 : 0;
         this._bar?.progress(0, total);
         this.dispatchEvent(new ProgressEvent('progress', { lengthComputable: true, loaded: 0, total }));
+        // The progress dispatch above ran listeners synchronously, and one may have removed the
+        // element. The application is already destroyed - it must not be asked to preload.
+        if (generation !== this._bootGeneration) {
+            return;
+        }
         // Load assets before starting the application
         app.preload(() => {
+            // The element may have been removed while assets loaded. The application is already
+            // destroyed, so it must not be started — and readiness must not be signaled for a
+            // boot that no longer owns the element.
+            if (generation !== this._bootGeneration) {
+                return;
+            }
             // Scope the counter to this preload pass, so a later app.preload() call by user code
             // cannot push `loaded` past `total`
             app.off('preload:progress', onPreloadProgress);
@@ -901,6 +999,9 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         });
     }
     disconnectedCallback() {
+        // Invalidate any boot still in flight, so it abandons itself when it next resumes
+        // instead of completing against a torn-down element.
+        this._bootGeneration++;
         this._optionsLocked = false;
         this._pickerDestroy();
         // Clean up the application. Destroying it destroys every entity, whose destroy hooks
@@ -913,6 +1014,11 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         this._loadProgress = 0;
         this._bar?.destroy();
         this._bar = null;
+        // Return the element to its pre-boot state, so re-inserting it boots afresh: descendants
+        // must neither see a hierarchy that no longer exists nor resume against a readiness that
+        // no longer holds.
+        this._hierarchyReady = false;
+        this._resetReady();
         // Remove event listeners
         window.removeEventListener('resize', this._onWindowResize);
         // Remove the canvas
@@ -940,14 +1046,11 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         this._pointerHandlers.pointermove = listener(this._onPointerMove);
         this._pointerHandlers.pointerdown = listener(this._onPointerDown);
         this._pointerHandlers.pointerup = listener(this._onPointerUp);
-        // Listen for pointer listeners being added/removed
-        ['pointermove', 'pointerdown', 'pointerup', 'pointerenter', 'pointerleave'].forEach((type) => {
-            this.addEventListener(`${type}:connect`, () => this._onPointerListenerAdded(type));
-            this.addEventListener(`${type}:disconnect`, () => this._onPointerListenerRemoved(type));
-            // Attach canvas handlers for listeners registered before this point (e.g. handlers
-            // created from onpointer* attributes when their elements were first upgraded)
-            const anyListeners = Array.from(this.querySelectorAll('pc-entity'))
-                .some(entity => entity.hasListeners(type));
+        // Attach canvas handlers for listeners registered before this boot (e.g. handlers
+        // created from onpointer* attributes when their elements were first upgraded, or
+        // listeners carried over from before a re-boot)
+        pointerEventTypes.forEach((type) => {
+            const anyListeners = Array.from(this.querySelectorAll('pc-entity, pc-node')).some((entity) => entity._hasListeners(type));
             if (anyListeners) {
                 this._onPointerListenerAdded(type);
             }
@@ -962,6 +1065,7 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
             });
         }
         this._picker = null;
+        this._hoveredEntity = null;
         this._pointerHandlers = {
             pointermove: null,
             pointerdown: null,
@@ -976,12 +1080,12 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         };
     }
     /**
-     * Registers the element that created an entity. Called by EntityElement when it creates its
-     * entity.
+     * Registers the element that fronts an entity. Called by EntityElement when it creates its
+     * entity, and by NodeElement when it binds one.
      *
      * @param entity - The entity.
-     * @param element - The element that created it.
-     * @ignore
+     * @param element - The element that fronts it.
+     * @internal
      */
     _registerEntityElement(entity, element) {
         this._entityElements.set(entity, element);
@@ -990,27 +1094,28 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
      * Removes the registration for a destroyed entity. Called by EntityElement.
      *
      * @param entity - The entity.
-     * @ignore
+     * @internal
      */
     _unregisterEntityElement(entity) {
         this._entityElements.delete(entity);
     }
     /**
-     * Returns the `<pc-entity>` element whose backing entity is `entity`, or `null` if the
-     * entity was not created by an element of this application - for example, a node inside a
-     * model's instantiated hierarchy, or an entity created through the engine API.
+     * Returns the `<pc-entity>` or `<pc-node>` element whose backing entity is `entity`, or
+     * `null` if the entity is not fronted by an element of this application - for example, an
+     * unbound node inside a model's instantiated hierarchy, or an entity created through the
+     * engine API.
      *
      * @param entity - The entity to look up.
-     * @returns The element backing the entity, or `null`.
+     * @returns The element fronting the entity, or `null`.
      */
     elementFromEntity(entity) {
         return this._entityElements.get(entity) ?? null;
     }
     /**
      * Resolves the element that owns a picked node: the nearest node up the parent chain -
-     * starting with the node itself - that was created by a `<pc-entity>` of this application.
-     * A hit inside a model's instantiated hierarchy therefore resolves to the element hosting
-     * the model.
+     * starting with the node itself - that is fronted by a `<pc-entity>` or `<pc-node>` of this
+     * application. A hit inside a model's instantiated hierarchy therefore resolves to the
+     * nearest bound `<pc-node>`, or failing that the element hosting the model.
      *
      * @param node - The picked node, or `null`.
      * @returns The owning element, or `null`.
@@ -1036,7 +1141,7 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
     _elementWithListener(node, type) {
         while (node !== null) {
             const element = this._entityElements.get(node);
-            if (element?.hasListeners(type)) {
+            if (element?._hasListeners(type)) {
                 return element;
             }
             node = node.parent;
@@ -1093,17 +1198,17 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         const newHoverEntity = this._elementFromNode(node);
         // Handle enter/leave events
         if (this._hoveredEntity !== newHoverEntity) {
-            if (this._hoveredEntity && this._hoveredEntity.hasListeners('pointerleave')) {
+            if (this._hoveredEntity && this._hoveredEntity._hasListeners('pointerleave')) {
                 this._hoveredEntity.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent('pointerleave', event));
             }
-            if (newHoverEntity && newHoverEntity.hasListeners('pointerenter')) {
+            if (newHoverEntity && newHoverEntity._hasListeners('pointerenter')) {
                 newHoverEntity.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent('pointerenter', event));
             }
         }
         // Update hover state
         this._hoveredEntity = newHoverEntity;
         // Handle pointermove event
-        if (newHoverEntity && newHoverEntity.hasListeners('pointermove')) {
+        if (newHoverEntity && newHoverEntity._hasListeners('pointermove')) {
             newHoverEntity.dispatchEvent(new PointerEvent('pointermove', event));
         }
     }
@@ -1133,22 +1238,21 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
         if (!this._hasPointerListeners[type] && this._canvas) {
             this._hasPointerListeners[type] = true;
             // For enter/leave events, we need the move handler
-            const handler = (type === 'pointerenter' || type === 'pointerleave') ?
-                this._pointerHandlers.pointermove :
-                this._pointerHandlers[type];
+            const handler = type === 'pointerenter' || type === 'pointerleave'
+                ? this._pointerHandlers.pointermove
+                : this._pointerHandlers[type];
             if (handler) {
                 this._canvas.addEventListener(type === 'pointerenter' || type === 'pointerleave' ? 'pointermove' : type, handler);
             }
         }
     }
     _onPointerListenerRemoved(type) {
-        const hasListeners = Array.from(this.querySelectorAll('pc-entity'))
-            .some(entity => entity.hasListeners(type));
+        const hasListeners = Array.from(this.querySelectorAll('pc-entity, pc-node')).some((entity) => entity._hasListeners(type));
         if (!hasListeners && this._canvas) {
             this._hasPointerListeners[type] = false;
-            const handler = (type === 'pointerenter' || type === 'pointerleave') ?
-                this._pointerHandlers.pointermove :
-                this._pointerHandlers[type];
+            const handler = type === 'pointerenter' || type === 'pointerleave'
+                ? this._pointerHandlers.pointermove
+                : this._pointerHandlers[type];
             if (handler) {
                 this._canvas.removeEventListener(type === 'pointerenter' || type === 'pointerleave' ? 'pointermove' : type, handler);
             }
@@ -1229,14 +1333,6 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
     get depthBuffer() {
         return this._depthBuffer;
     }
-    /**
-     * Gets the hierarchy ready flag.
-     * @returns The hierarchy ready flag.
-     * @ignore
-     */
-    get hierarchyReady() {
-        return this._hierarchyReady;
-    }
     /**
      * Sets whether the application shows its built-in loading bar while it boots and preloads its
      * assets. Enabled by default; setting `false` removes the bar immediately, while setting
@@ -1329,6 +1425,125 @@ class AppElement extends AsyncElement {
 }
 customElements.define('pc-app', AppElement);
 
+/**
+ * The attribute names of the inline `onpointer*` event handlers, shared by every element that
+ * fronts an engine entity. Spread into `observedAttributes` by subclasses.
+ * @ignore
+ */
+const POINTER_ATTRIBUTES = [
+    'onpointerenter',
+    'onpointerleave',
+    'onpointerdown',
+    'onpointerup',
+    'onpointermove'
+];
+/**
+ * The base class for elements that front an engine {@link Entity}: `<pc-entity>`, which creates
+ * one, and `<pc-node>`, which binds to one inside a model's instantiated hierarchy. It carries
+ * what both need — the `entity` contract, registration with the owning application (which joins
+ * picked scene nodes back to elements by identity, never by name), and the pointer listener
+ * bookkeeping that lets the application lazily attach its canvas handlers.
+ */
+class EntityBaseElement extends AsyncElement {
+    _entity = null;
+    /**
+     * The application element this entity is registered with, cached at registration time so the
+     * entity can be unregistered even once this element has left the DOM.
+     */
+    _appElement = null;
+    /**
+     * The pointer event listeners for the entity.
+     */
+    _listeners = {};
+    /**
+     * The event types for which an inline `onpointer*` attribute is currently present.
+     */
+    _inlineHandlerTypes = new Set();
+    /**
+     * The PlayCanvas entity instance. `null` until the element is ready, and again once the
+     * entity is gone — await {@link whenReady} or the element's `ready()` promise before
+     * accessing it.
+     * @returns The entity instance, or `null`.
+     */
+    get entity() {
+        return this._entity;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Registers `entity` as this element's backing entity with the owning application, which
+     * joins engine nodes back to elements by identity (never by name).
+     *
+     * @param entity - The entity to register.
+     */
+    _registerEntity(entity) {
+        this._appElement = this.closestApp;
+        this._appElement?._registerEntityElement(entity, this);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Removes the registration for `entity`.
+     *
+     * @param entity - The entity to unregister.
+     */
+    _unregisterEntity(entity) {
+        this._appElement?._unregisterEntityElement(entity);
+        this._appElement = null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Tracks whether an inline `onpointer*` attribute is present. The browser itself compiles and
+     * runs these attributes — they are standard `GlobalEventHandlers`, so setting one replaces
+     * the previous handler and removing it removes the handler, exactly like `onclick` on any
+     * HTML element. But because they bypass {@link addEventListener}, the connect/disconnect
+     * bookkeeping that lets the application lazily attach its canvas pointer handlers must be
+     * kept in sync here.
+     *
+     * @param name - The attribute name (e.g. 'onpointerdown').
+     * @param value - The attribute value, or `null` when the attribute has been removed.
+     */
+    _updateInlineHandler(name, value) {
+        const type = name.substring(2);
+        const had = this._inlineHandlerTypes.has(type);
+        const has = value !== null;
+        if (has && !had) {
+            this._inlineHandlerTypes.add(type);
+            this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(`${type}:connect`, { bubbles: true }));
+        }
+        else if (!has && had) {
+            this._inlineHandlerTypes.delete(type);
+            this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(`${type}:disconnect`, { bubbles: true }));
+        }
+    }
+    addEventListener(type, listener, options) {
+        if (!this._listeners[type]) {
+            this._listeners[type] = [];
+        }
+        this._listeners[type].push(listener);
+        super.addEventListener(type, listener, options);
+        if (type.startsWith('pointer')) {
+            this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(`${type}:connect`, { bubbles: true }));
+        }
+    }
+    removeEventListener(type, listener, options) {
+        if (this._listeners[type]) {
+            this._listeners[type] = this._listeners[type].filter((l) => l !== listener);
+        }
+        super.removeEventListener(type, listener, options);
+        if (type.startsWith('pointer')) {
+            this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(`${type}:disconnect`, { bubbles: true }));
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Whether the element has a listener for an event type, registered either with
+     * {@link addEventListener} or with the matching inline `onpointer*` attribute. Read by the
+     * containing `<pc-app>` element to gate pointer event synthesis.
+     *
+     * @param type - The event type.
+     * @returns Whether a listener is registered.
+     * @internal
+     */
+    _hasListeners(type) {
+        return Boolean(this._listeners[type]?.length) || this._inlineHandlerTypes.has(type);
+    }
+}
+
 /**
  * The EntityElement interface provides properties and methods for manipulating
  * {@link https://developer.playcanvas.com/user-manual/web-components/tags/pc-entity/ | `<pc-entity>`} elements.
@@ -1353,7 +1568,7 @@ customElements.define('pc-app', AppElement);
  * @fires {PointerEvent} pointerdown - Fired when a pointer button is pressed over the entity.
  * @fires {PointerEvent} pointerup - Fired when a pointer button is released over the entity.
  */
-class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
+class EntityElement extends EntityBaseElement {
     /**
      * Whether the entity is enabled.
      */
@@ -1378,34 +1593,18 @@ class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
      * The tags of the entity.
      */
     _tags = [];
-    /**
-     * The pointer event listeners for the entity.
-     */
-    _listeners = {};
-    /**
-     * The event types for which an inline `onpointer*` attribute is currently present.
-     */
-    _inlineHandlerTypes = new Set();
     /**
      * Whether the hierarchy has been built for this entity.
      */
     _built = false;
-    _entity = null;
-    /**
-     * The application element this entity is registered with, cached at creation time so the
-     * entity can be unregistered even once this element has left the DOM.
-     */
-    _appElement = null;
     /**
-     * The PlayCanvas entity instance. `null` until the element is ready, and again once it has
-     * been removed from the document — await {@link whenReady} or the element's `ready()`
-     * promise before accessing it.
-     * @returns The entity instance, or `null`.
+     * Creates the backing entity. Called by the containing `<pc-app>` element during its boot
+     * sweep, and on connection for elements inserted while the application is already running.
+     *
+     * @param app - The application to create the entity in.
+     * @internal
      */
-    get entity() {
-        return this._entity;
-    }
-    createEntity(app) {
+    _createEntity(app) {
         // Guard against double creation. When a subtree is inserted at runtime (e.g. cloning a
         // `<template>`), an ancestor's connectedCallback eagerly creates descendant entities; the
         // descendants' own connectedCallbacks would otherwise create them a second time.
@@ -1425,33 +1624,48 @@ class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
         if (this._tags.length > 0) {
             entity.tags.add(this._tags);
         }
-        // Register with the owning application, which joins engine nodes back to elements by
-        // identity (never by name), and hook the entity's destruction. The engine fires 'destroy'
-        // for every entity in a destroyed subtree, so the element learns of its entity's death no
-        // matter who causes it: this element, an ancestor, the whole application, or a user
-        // script calling entity.destroy().
-        this._appElement = this.closestApp;
-        this._appElement?._registerEntityElement(entity, this);
+        // Register with the owning application and hook the entity's destruction. The engine
+        // fires 'destroy' for every entity in a destroyed subtree, so the element learns of its
+        // entity's death no matter who causes it: this element, an ancestor, the whole
+        // application, or a user script calling entity.destroy().
+        this._registerEntity(entity);
         entity.once('destroy', this._onEntityDestroy, this);
     }
     /**
      * Handles the destruction of the backing entity. Resets the element so a later re-insertion
-     * starts clean: `_built` must be cleared alongside `_entity`, or buildHierarchy would bail
-     * and a re-created entity would never be parented.
+     * starts clean: `_built` must be cleared alongside `_entity`, or _buildHierarchy would bail
+     * and a re-created entity would never be parented. Readiness is re-armed for the same
+     * reason — with the entity gone, a resolved ready promise would resume its awaiters against
+     * a null `entity`.
      *
      * @param entity - The entity that was destroyed.
      */
     _onEntityDestroy(entity) {
-        this._appElement?._unregisterEntityElement(entity);
-        this._appElement = null;
+        this._unregisterEntity(entity);
         this._entity = null;
         this._built = false;
+        this._resetReady();
     }
-    buildHierarchy(app) {
+    /**
+     * Parents the backing entity: under the entity of the nearest ancestor `<pc-entity>` or
+     * `<pc-node>` when there is one, and under the application root otherwise. Called by the
+     * containing `<pc-app>` element once a sweep has created every entity, so a parent's
+     * existence never depends on document order.
+     *
+     * @param app - The application whose root adopts parentless entities.
+     * @internal
+     */
+    _buildHierarchy(app) {
         if (!this.entity || this._built)
             return;
-        this._built = true;
         const closestEntity = this.closestEntity;
+        // A host element without an entity is an unresolved `<pc-node>`: building now would
+        // mis-anchor this entity to the application root while the host is still resolving.
+        // Stay unbuilt - the host drives this subtree itself once it binds.
+        if (closestEntity && !closestEntity.entity) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this._built = true;
         if (closestEntity?.entity) {
             closestEntity.entity.addChild(this.entity);
         }
@@ -1473,17 +1687,17 @@ class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
             return;
         }
         // If app is already running, create entity immediately
-        if (closestApp.hierarchyReady) {
+        if (closestApp._hierarchyReady) {
             const app = closestApp.app;
-            this.createEntity(app);
-            this.buildHierarchy(app);
+            this._createEntity(app);
+            this._buildHierarchy(app);
             // Handle any child entities that might exist
             const childEntities = this.querySelectorAll('pc-entity');
             childEntities.forEach((child) => {
-                child.createEntity(app);
+                child._createEntity(app);
             });
             childEntities.forEach((child) => {
-                child.buildHierarchy(app);
+                child._buildHierarchy(app);
             });
         }
     }
@@ -1597,44 +1811,8 @@ class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
     get tags() {
         return this._tags;
     }
-    /**
-     * Tracks whether an inline `onpointer*` attribute is present. The browser itself compiles and
-     * runs these attributes — they are standard `GlobalEventHandlers`, so setting one replaces
-     * the previous handler and removing it removes the handler, exactly like `onclick` on any
-     * HTML element. But because they bypass {@link addEventListener}, the connect/disconnect
-     * bookkeeping that lets the application lazily attach its canvas pointer handlers must be
-     * kept in sync here.
-     *
-     * @param name - The attribute name (e.g. 'onpointerdown').
-     * @param value - The attribute value, or `null` when the attribute has been removed.
-     */
-    _updateInlineHandler(name, value) {
-        const type = name.substring(2);
-        const had = this._inlineHandlerTypes.has(type);
-        const has = value !== null;
-        if (has && !had) {
-            this._inlineHandlerTypes.add(type);
-            this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(`${type}:connect`, { bubbles: true }));
-        }
-        else if (!has && had) {
-            this._inlineHandlerTypes.delete(type);
-            this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(`${type}:disconnect`, { bubbles: true }));
-        }
-    }
     static get observedAttributes() {
-        return [
-            'enabled',
-            'name',
-            'position',
-            'rotation',
-            'scale',
-            'tags',
-            'onpointerenter',
-            'onpointerleave',
-            'onpointerdown',
-            'onpointerup',
-            'onpointermove'
-        ];
+        return ['enabled', 'name', 'position', 'rotation', 'scale', 'tags', ...POINTER_ATTRIBUTES];
     }
     attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
         switch (name) {
@@ -1665,28 +1843,6 @@ class EntityElement extends AsyncElement {
                 break;
         }
     }
-    addEventListener(type, listener, options) {
-        if (!this._listeners[type]) {
-            this._listeners[type] = [];
-        }
-        this._listeners[type].push(listener);
-        super.addEventListener(type, listener, options);
-        if (type.startsWith('pointer')) {
-            this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(`${type}:connect`, { bubbles: true }));
-        }
-    }
-    removeEventListener(type, listener, options) {
-        if (this._listeners[type]) {
-            this._listeners[type] = this._listeners[type].filter(l => l !== listener);
-        }
-        super.removeEventListener(type, listener, options);
-        if (type.startsWith('pointer')) {
-            this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(`${type}:disconnect`, { bubbles: true }));
-        }
-    }
-    hasListeners(type) {
-        return Boolean(this._listeners[type]?.length) || this._inlineHandlerTypes.has(type);
-    }
 }
 customElements.define('pc-entity', EntityElement);
 
@@ -1871,6 +2027,48 @@ const renderModes = new Map([
     ['sliced', SPRITE_RENDERMODE_SLICED],
     ['tiled', SPRITE_RENDERMODE_TILED]
 ]);
+const addressModes = new Map([
+    ['repeat', ADDRESS_REPEAT],
+    ['clamp', ADDRESS_CLAMP_TO_EDGE],
+    ['mirror', ADDRESS_MIRRORED_REPEAT]
+]);
+const minFilterModes = new Map([
+    ['nearest', FILTER_NEAREST],
+    ['linear', FILTER_LINEAR],
+    ['nearest-mip-nearest', FILTER_NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST],
+    ['linear-mip-nearest', FILTER_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST],
+    ['nearest-mip-linear', FILTER_NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR],
+    ['linear-mip-linear', FILTER_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR]
+]);
+const magFilterModes = new Map([
+    ['nearest', FILTER_NEAREST],
+    ['linear', FILTER_LINEAR]
+]);
+// The engine's texture JSON spells the filter names with underscores ('linear_mip_linear'); the
+// attribute values are kebab-case like every other enum attribute in this library. The address
+// mode names contain no dashes, so for them the rename is the identity.
+const toTextureJson = (name) => name.replace(/-/g, '_');
+// Engine Texture constructor defaults, restored on a loaded texture when a texture option
+// attribute is removed.
+const textureOptionDefaults = {
+    addressU: ADDRESS_REPEAT,
+    addressV: ADDRESS_REPEAT,
+    anisotropy: 1,
+    flipY: false,
+    magFilter: FILTER_LINEAR,
+    minFilter: FILTER_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR,
+    mipmaps: true,
+    srgb: false
+};
+// Attributes that only apply to certain asset types, used to warn when one is set on an asset of
+// any other type (where it would otherwise be silently ignored).
+const typeScopedAttributes = [
+    [
+        ['address-u', 'address-v', 'anisotropy', 'flip-y', 'mag-filter', 'min-filter', 'mipmaps', 'srgb'],
+        ['texture', 'textureatlas']
+    ],
+    [['atlas', 'frame-keys', 'pixels-per-unit', 'render-mode'], ['sprite']]
+];
 const extToType = new Map([
     ['bin', 'binary'],
     ['css', 'css'],
@@ -1927,8 +2125,16 @@ const processBufferView = (gltfBuffer, buffers, continuation) => {
  * immediately unless `lazy`. A `pc-asset` must be a direct child of `pc-app` — elements placed
  * elsewhere, or with an unsupported asset type, never become ready.
  *
- * Apart from `lazy`, these attributes are read once when the asset is created, so changing them
- * later has no effect.
+ * For `texture` and `textureatlas` assets, the texture options (`address-u`, `address-v`,
+ * `min-filter`, `mag-filter`, `anisotropy`, `mipmaps`, `srgb`, `flip-y`) apply when the texture is
+ * created and — like `lazy` — are observed: changing one updates a texture that has already
+ * loaded, and removing one restores the engine default. Changing `srgb` or `mipmaps` on a loaded
+ * texture recreates the underlying GPU resource, so prefer declaring those up front. Each option
+ * overrides the matching key in the `data` JSON; options left unset write nothing, leaving the
+ * engine's per-format defaults in force.
+ *
+ * Apart from `lazy` and the texture options, these attributes are read once when the asset is
+ * created, so changing them later has no effect.
  *
  * @attribute {string} id - The identifier used to reference the asset from other elements.
  * @attribute {string} src - The URL of the asset to load.
@@ -1950,7 +2156,15 @@ const processBufferView = (gltfBuffer, buffers, continuation) => {
  * not that it succeeded.
  */
 class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
+    _addressU = null;
+    _addressV = null;
+    _anisotropy = null;
+    _flipY = null;
     _lazy = false;
+    _magFilter = null;
+    _minFilter = null;
+    _mipmaps = null;
+    _srgb = null;
     /**
      * The asset that is loaded. Available once the element is ready — await
      * {@link whenReady} or the element's `ready()` promise before accessing it.
@@ -1975,7 +2189,7 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
             const app = appElement.app;
             if (!app)
                 return; // pc-app is re-connecting; its own boot will create this asset
-            this.createAsset();
+            this._createAsset();
             if (this.asset) {
                 app.assets.add(this.asset); // add() auto-loads when preload is true
                 if (!this.lazy) {
@@ -1983,13 +2197,15 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
                 }
             }
         }
-        // Never ready if createAsset failed (unsupported asset type)
+        // Never ready if _createAsset failed (unsupported asset type)
         if (this.asset) {
             this._onReady();
         }
     }
     disconnectedCallback() {
-        this.destroyAsset();
+        this._destroyAsset();
+        // Re-arm readiness so a re-inserted element announces the asset it creates then
+        this._resetReady();
     }
     _onAssetLoad() {
         this.dispatchEvent(new Event('load'));
@@ -1999,7 +2215,14 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
             message: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
         }));
     }
-    createAsset() {
+    /**
+     * Creates the asset from the element's attributes. Called by the containing `<pc-app>`
+     * element during its boot sweep, and on connection for elements inserted while the
+     * application is already running.
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    _createAsset() {
         const id = this.getAttribute('id') || '';
         const src = this.getAttribute('src') || '';
         let type = this.getAttribute('type');
@@ -2012,6 +2235,15 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
             console.warn(`Unsupported asset type: ${src}`);
             return;
         }
+        // Attributes scoped to other asset types have no effect here - say so rather than
+        // failing silently.
+        const inapplicable = typeScopedAttributes
+            .filter(([, types]) => !types.includes(type))
+            .flatMap(([attributes]) => attributes)
+            .filter((attribute) => this.hasAttribute(attribute));
+        if (inapplicable.length > 0) {
+            console.warn(`pc-asset '${id || src}' has attributes that do not apply to asset type '${type}' and are ignored: ${inapplicable.join(', ')}`);
+        }
         // Optional inline asset data, used by data-driven assets such as texture atlases (frame
         // definitions) and sprites (atlas reference, frame keys, etc.).
         const data = this._buildData(type);
@@ -2039,9 +2271,11 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
         this.asset.on('error', this._onAssetError, this);
     }
     /**
-     * Builds the `data` object for the asset from an optional inline `data` attribute (JSON) and,
-     * for sprites, from the convenience attributes (`atlas`, `frame-keys`, `pixels-per-unit`,
-     * `render-mode`). Returns `undefined` when there is no data to apply.
+     * Builds the `data` object for the asset from an optional inline `data` attribute (JSON), the
+     * texture option attributes (for `texture` and `textureatlas` assets), and the sprite
+     * convenience attributes (`atlas`, `frame-keys`, `pixels-per-unit`, `render-mode`). An
+     * attribute overrides the matching `data` JSON key. Returns `undefined` when there is no data
+     * to apply.
      * @param type - The resolved asset type.
      * @returns The asset data, or `undefined`.
      */
@@ -2056,6 +2290,37 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
                 console.warn(`Invalid 'data' JSON on pc-asset: ${dataAttr}`);
             }
         }
+        if (type === 'texture' || type === 'textureatlas') {
+            data = data ?? {};
+            // Only options the user actually set are written: the engine reads these keys with
+            // hasOwnProperty semantics, and an absent key leaves its per-format default (an HDR's
+            // 'rgbe' type, a KTX2's transcoded format) in force.
+            if (this._addressU !== null) {
+                data.addressu = this._addressU;
+            }
+            if (this._addressV !== null) {
+                data.addressv = this._addressV;
+            }
+            if (this._anisotropy !== null) {
+                data.anisotropy = this._anisotropy;
+            }
+            if (this._flipY !== null) {
+                // 'flipY' is the one camelCase key in the engine's texture JSON
+                data.flipY = this._flipY;
+            }
+            if (this._magFilter !== null) {
+                data.magfilter = toTextureJson(this._magFilter);
+            }
+            if (this._minFilter !== null) {
+                data.minfilter = toTextureJson(this._minFilter);
+            }
+            if (this._mipmaps !== null) {
+                data.mipmaps = this._mipmaps;
+            }
+            if (this._srgb !== null) {
+                data.srgb = this._srgb;
+            }
+        }
         if (type === 'sprite') {
             data = data ?? {};
             // Resolve the referenced texture atlas to its (numeric) asset id. The atlas must be
@@ -2089,7 +2354,57 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
         }
         return data;
     }
-    destroyAsset() {
+    /**
+     * Returns the engine texture behind this asset, when there is one: the resource itself for a
+     * `texture` asset, the atlas's texture for a `textureatlas` asset, `null` otherwise
+     * (including before the asset has loaded).
+     * @returns The texture, or `null`.
+     */
+    _texture() {
+        const asset = this.asset;
+        if (!asset?.resource)
+            return null;
+        if (asset.type === 'texture')
+            return asset.resource;
+        if (asset.type === 'textureatlas')
+            return asset.resource.texture ?? null;
+        return null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Writes one texture option through to the created asset, if any. The engine-JSON key is
+     * written into `asset.data`, mutated in place - replacing the whole object would make the
+     * registry re-patch every key, and a re-patched `srgb` or `mipmaps` recreates the texture
+     * even when unchanged. The in-place key is what a not-yet-started load reads at texture
+     * construction, and what any later reload reads. When the texture already exists, the
+     * corresponding property is assigned directly; `null` (attribute removed) deletes the key
+     * and restores the engine default. Assets of any other type are left untouched.
+     *
+     * @param key - The engine texture JSON key in `asset.data`.
+     * @param property - The Texture property to assign.
+     * @param dataValue - The engine-JSON value for `asset.data`, or `null` to delete the key.
+     * @param textureValue - The value for the Texture property, or `null` for the engine default.
+     */
+    _applyTextureOption(key, property, dataValue, textureValue) {
+        const asset = this.asset;
+        if (!asset || (asset.type !== 'texture' && asset.type !== 'textureatlas'))
+            return;
+        const data = asset.data;
+        if (dataValue === null) {
+            delete data[key];
+        }
+        else {
+            data[key] = dataValue;
+        }
+        const texture = this._texture();
+        if (texture) {
+            // Every option here is a number- or boolean-valued Texture property; the
+            // value/property pairing is fixed by the callers, which TypeScript cannot see
+            // through the union.
+            texture[property] =
+                textureValue ?? textureOptionDefaults[property];
+        }
+    }
+    _destroyAsset() {
         if (this.asset) {
             // A caller that keeps the Asset alive must not dispatch on a removed element
             this.asset.off('load', this._onAssetLoad, this);
@@ -2101,32 +2416,261 @@ class AssetElement extends AsyncElement {
         }
     }
     /**
-     * Sets whether the asset should be loaded lazily.
-     * @param value - The lazy loading flag.
+     * Sets the texture's horizontal (U) address mode: how texture coordinates outside the 0 to 1
+     * range sample the texture. Applies to `texture` and `textureatlas` assets, both when the
+     * texture is created and after it has loaded.
+     * @param value - The address mode, or `null` to use the engine default of 'repeat'.
      */
-    set lazy(value) {
-        this._lazy = value;
-        if (this.asset) {
-            this.asset.preload = !value;
-        }
+    set addressU(value) {
+        this._addressU = value;
+        const constant = value === null ? null : (addressModes.get(value) ?? ADDRESS_REPEAT);
+        this._applyTextureOption('addressu', 'addressU', value, constant);
     }
     /**
-     * Gets whether the asset should be loaded lazily.
-     * @returns The lazy loading flag.
+     * Gets the texture's horizontal (U) address mode.
+     * @returns The address mode, or `null` when unset.
      */
-    get lazy() {
-        return this._lazy;
+    get addressU() {
+        return this._addressU;
     }
-    static get(id) {
-        const assetElement = document.querySelector(`pc-asset[id="${id}"]`);
-        return assetElement?.asset;
+    /**
+     * Sets the texture's vertical (V) address mode: how texture coordinates outside the 0 to 1
+     * range sample the texture. Applies to `texture` and `textureatlas` assets, both when the
+     * texture is created and after it has loaded.
+     * @param value - The address mode, or `null` to use the engine default of 'repeat'.
+     */
+    set addressV(value) {
+        this._addressV = value;
+        const constant = value === null ? null : (addressModes.get(value) ?? ADDRESS_REPEAT);
+        this._applyTextureOption('addressv', 'addressV', value, constant);
     }
-    static get observedAttributes() {
-        return ['lazy'];
+    /**
+     * Gets the texture's vertical (V) address mode.
+     * @returns The address mode, or `null` when unset.
+     */
+    get addressV() {
+        return this._addressV;
     }
-    attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
-        if (name === 'lazy') {
-            this.lazy = parseBool(newValue, false);
+    /**
+     * Sets the texture's maximum anisotropic filtering level, which improves quality at oblique
+     * viewing angles. Applies to `texture` and `textureatlas` assets, both when the texture is
+     * created and after it has loaded.
+     * @param value - The anisotropy level, or `null` to use the engine default of 1.
+     */
+    set anisotropy(value) {
+        this._anisotropy = value;
+        this._applyTextureOption('anisotropy', 'anisotropy', value, value);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the texture's maximum anisotropic filtering level.
+     * @returns The anisotropy level, or `null` when unset.
+     */
+    get anisotropy() {
+        return this._anisotropy;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the texture's image data is flipped vertically at upload. Applies to `texture`
+     * and `textureatlas` assets, both when the texture is created and after it has loaded.
+     * @param value - The flip flag, or `null` to use the engine default of `false`.
+     */
+    set flipY(value) {
+        this._flipY = value;
+        this._applyTextureOption('flipY', 'flipY', value, value);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the texture's image data is flipped vertically at upload.
+     * @returns The flip flag, or `null` when unset.
+     */
+    get flipY() {
+        return this._flipY;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the asset should be loaded lazily.
+     * @param value - The lazy loading flag.
+     */
+    set lazy(value) {
+        this._lazy = value;
+        if (this.asset) {
+            this.asset.preload = !value;
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the asset should be loaded lazily.
+     * @returns The lazy loading flag.
+     */
+    get lazy() {
+        return this._lazy;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the texture's magnification filter, used when the texture is displayed larger than its
+     * source size. Applies to `texture` and `textureatlas` assets, both when the texture is
+     * created and after it has loaded.
+     * @param value - The filter, or `null` to use the engine default of 'linear'.
+     */
+    set magFilter(value) {
+        this._magFilter = value;
+        const json = value === null ? null : toTextureJson(value);
+        const constant = value === null ? null : (magFilterModes.get(value) ?? FILTER_LINEAR);
+        this._applyTextureOption('magfilter', 'magFilter', json, constant);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the texture's magnification filter.
+     * @returns The filter, or `null` when unset.
+     */
+    get magFilter() {
+        return this._magFilter;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the texture's minification filter, used when the texture is displayed smaller than its
+     * source size. The mip variants blend within (and, for the second `linear`, between) mipmap
+     * levels. Applies to `texture` and `textureatlas` assets, both when the texture is created
+     * and after it has loaded.
+     * @param value - The filter, or `null` to use the engine default of 'linear-mip-linear'.
+     */
+    set minFilter(value) {
+        this._minFilter = value;
+        const json = value === null ? null : toTextureJson(value);
+        const constant = value === null ? null : (minFilterModes.get(value) ?? FILTER_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
+        this._applyTextureOption('minfilter', 'minFilter', json, constant);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the texture's minification filter.
+     * @returns The filter, or `null` when unset.
+     */
+    get minFilter() {
+        return this._minFilter;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the texture generates and uses mipmaps. Changing this on a loaded texture
+     * recreates the underlying GPU resource, so prefer declaring it up front. Applies to
+     * `texture` and `textureatlas` assets.
+     * @param value - The mipmaps flag, or `null` to use the engine default of `true`.
+     */
+    set mipmaps(value) {
+        this._mipmaps = value;
+        this._applyTextureOption('mipmaps', 'mipmaps', value, value);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the texture generates and uses mipmaps.
+     * @returns The mipmaps flag, or `null` when unset.
+     */
+    get mipmaps() {
+        return this._mipmaps;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets whether the texture holds sRGB (gamma-encoded) color data, enabling hardware gamma
+     * decode. Free when set before the texture loads; changing it on a loaded texture recreates
+     * the underlying GPU resource. Applies to `texture` and `textureatlas` assets.
+     * @param value - The sRGB flag, or `null` to use the engine default of `false`.
+     */
+    set srgb(value) {
+        this._srgb = value;
+        this._applyTextureOption('srgb', 'srgb', value, value);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets whether the texture holds sRGB (gamma-encoded) color data.
+     * @returns The sRGB flag, or `null` when unset.
+     */
+    get srgb() {
+        return this._srgb;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@link Asset} created by the `<pc-asset>` element with the given `id`, or
+     * `undefined` if there is no such element or its asset has not been created yet.
+     *
+     * @param id - The `id` of the `<pc-asset>` element.
+     * @returns The asset, or `undefined`.
+     */
+    static get(id) {
+        const assetElement = document.querySelector(`pc-asset[id="${id}"]`);
+        return assetElement?.asset;
+    }
+    static get observedAttributes() {
+        return [
+            'address-u',
+            'address-v',
+            'anisotropy',
+            'flip-y',
+            'lazy',
+            'mag-filter',
+            'min-filter',
+            'mipmaps',
+            'srgb'
+        ];
+    }
+    attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
+        // Each texture option keeps its parse* call as the branch's first assignment (the CEM
+        // manifest derives the attribute's type and default from it - a ternary would degrade
+        // both to plain string) and treats a removed attribute (null) as a reset to unset,
+        // which restores the engine default on a loaded texture.
+        switch (name) {
+            case 'address-u':
+                if (newValue !== null) {
+                    this.addressU = parseEnum(newValue, addressModes, 'repeat', name);
+                }
+                else {
+                    this.addressU = null;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'address-v':
+                if (newValue !== null) {
+                    this.addressV = parseEnum(newValue, addressModes, 'repeat', name);
+                }
+                else {
+                    this.addressV = null;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'anisotropy':
+                if (newValue !== null) {
+                    this.anisotropy = parseNumber(newValue, 1, name);
+                }
+                else {
+                    this.anisotropy = null;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'flip-y':
+                if (newValue !== null) {
+                    this.flipY = parseBool(newValue, false);
+                }
+                else {
+                    this.flipY = null;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'lazy':
+                this.lazy = parseBool(newValue, false);
+                break;
+            case 'mag-filter':
+                if (newValue !== null) {
+                    this.magFilter = parseEnum(newValue, magFilterModes, 'linear', name);
+                }
+                else {
+                    this.magFilter = null;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'min-filter':
+                if (newValue !== null) {
+                    this.minFilter = parseEnum(newValue, minFilterModes, 'linear-mip-linear', name);
+                }
+                else {
+                    this.minFilter = null;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'mipmaps':
+                if (newValue !== null) {
+                    this.mipmaps = parseBool(newValue, true);
+                }
+                else {
+                    this.mipmaps = null;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'srgb':
+                if (newValue !== null) {
+                    this.srgb = parseBool(newValue, false);
+                }
+                else {
+                    this.srgb = null;
+                }
+                break;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2142,6 +2686,24 @@ class ComponentElement extends AsyncElement {
     _enabled = true;
     _component = null;
     _appElement = null;
+    /**
+     * The element hosting this component, held so the host's readiness cycles can be observed
+     * even after `closestEntity` would no longer resolve (during teardown).
+     */
+    _hostElement = null;
+    /**
+     * The listener re-applying this component when the host's readiness cycles. Held for
+     * removal on disconnect.
+     */
+    _hostReadyListener = null;
+    /**
+     * Incremented on every connect and disconnect. connectedCallback captures the value on entry
+     * and abandons itself wherever it resumes from an await if the value has moved on — so a
+     * callback whose element was removed cannot act on a torn-down tree, and one whose element
+     * was removed and re-inserted (which runs a callback of its own) cannot add the component a
+     * second time.
+     */
+    _connectionGeneration = 0;
     /**
      * Creates a new ComponentElement instance.
      *
@@ -2152,11 +2714,48 @@ class ComponentElement extends AsyncElement {
         super();
         this._componentName = componentName;
     }
-    // Method to be overridden by subclasses to provide initial component data
+    /**
+     * Returns the data the component is created with. Overridden by subclasses to supply the
+     * initial values of their cached properties.
+     *
+     * @returns The initial component data.
+     */
     getInitialComponentData() {
         return {};
     }
-    async addComponent() {
+    /**
+     * Creates the component on the host's current entity, removing it first from a previous
+     * entity that is still alive (a retargeted `<pc-node>` moves its decorations with it). When
+     * the entity already has a component of this type — a glTF node arriving with its authored
+     * `render` component, say — warns and leaves `component` null. The element-level warning is
+     * load-bearing: the engine's own duplicate-addComponent warning is Debug-stripped from
+     * production builds, which would otherwise leave a silent null.
+     */
+    _applyComponent() {
+        const entity = this._hostElement?.entity ?? null;
+        if (this._component && this._component.entity === entity) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // A retarget leaves the previous component on a still-live entity - remove it so the
+        // decoration follows the element, or vanishes with a dissolved binding. A destroyed
+        // entity took its components with it.
+        const previous = this._component;
+        if (previous?.entity && previous.entity.c[this._componentName] === previous) {
+            previous.entity.removeComponent(this._componentName);
+        }
+        this._component = null;
+        if (!entity) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (entity.c[this._componentName]) {
+            const label = this.id ? ` '${this.id}'` : '';
+            console.warn(`${this.tagName.toLowerCase()}${label} - '${entity.name}' already has a '${this._componentName}' component - component not added`);
+            return;
+        }
+        this._component = entity.addComponent(this._componentName, this.getInitialComponentData());
+    }
+    async _addComponent() {
+        const generation = this._connectionGeneration;
         const entityElement = this.closestEntity;
         if (!entityElement) {
             // A component can only exist on an entity, so an element placed outside one is inert.
@@ -2166,19 +2765,78 @@ class ComponentElement extends AsyncElement {
             return;
         }
         await entityElement.ready();
-        // Add the component to the entity
-        const data = this.getInitialComponentData();
-        this._component = entityElement.entity.addComponent(this._componentName, data);
+        // The element may have been removed, or removed and re-inserted, while the entity became
+        // ready — the component belongs to the connection that owns the current generation.
+        if (generation !== this._connectionGeneration) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this._hostElement = entityElement;
+        this._applyComponent();
+        // Re-apply when the host's readiness cycles without this element disconnecting: a
+        // `<pc-node>` rebinding after its model reloads or retargets, or a re-created entity.
+        // The 'ready' event bubbles, so events from descendants pass through this host - only
+        // the host's own cycles count. Readiness is cycled here too, so decorations one level
+        // down re-apply the same way.
+        this._hostReadyListener = (event) => {
+            if (event.target !== this._hostElement) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (generation !== this._connectionGeneration) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this._hostCycled();
+        };
+        entityElement.addEventListener('ready', this._hostReadyListener);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Re-evaluates this component against the host's current entity: applied to a new entity,
+     * moved from a still-live old one, or removed when the host no longer fronts an entity at
+     * all. Readiness follows - it cycles with a re-application and stays unresolved while the
+     * host is unbound. Called by the host-ready listener, and directly by a `<pc-node>`
+     * dissolving its binding: the one transition that fires no ready event to ride.
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    _hostCycled() {
+        this._resetReady();
+        this._applyComponent();
+        if (this._hostElement?.entity) {
+            this.initComponent();
+            this._onReady();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Configures the newly added component. Overridden by subclasses whose setup goes beyond
+     * the initial data — child-element handling, asset resolution and the like.
+     */
+    initComponent() {
+        // optional hook
     }
-    initComponent() { }
     async connectedCallback() {
+        const generation = ++this._connectionGeneration;
         this._appElement = this.closestApp ?? null;
         await this._appElement?.ready();
-        await this.addComponent();
+        // The element may have been removed, or removed and re-inserted, while the application
+        // became ready. A re-insertion runs a connectedCallback of its own, so a stale resume
+        // must not add the component alongside it.
+        if (generation !== this._connectionGeneration) {
+            return;
+        }
+        await this._addComponent();
+        if (generation !== this._connectionGeneration) {
+            return;
+        }
         this.initComponent();
         this._onReady();
     }
     disconnectedCallback() {
+        // Invalidate any connectedCallback still suspended on an await
+        this._connectionGeneration++;
+        if (this._hostElement && this._hostReadyListener) {
+            this._hostElement.removeEventListener('ready', this._hostReadyListener);
+        }
+        this._hostElement = null;
+        this._hostReadyListener = null;
         // Remove the component when the element is disconnected. Skip this when the owning
         // application has already been destroyed — removing a <pc-app> disconnects it before
         // its children, taking the component systems with it.
@@ -2187,6 +2845,7 @@ class ComponentElement extends AsyncElement {
         }
         this._component = null;
         this._appElement = null;
+        this._resetReady();
     }
     /**
      * The PlayCanvas component instance. `null` until the element is ready, and also for an
@@ -3137,6 +3796,12 @@ customElements.define('pc-camera', CameraComponentElement);
  * The CollisionComponentElement interface also inherits the properties and methods of the
  * {@link HTMLElement} interface.
  *
+ * For `type="mesh"`, the collision geometry defaults to the host entity's own render component
+ * (its render asset) — a collider matching the visible mesh, which is what a mesh collider on a
+ * glTF node means. The default resolves each time the component applies, so a `pc-node` that
+ * retargets or rebinds picks up the new node's geometry. An entity with no asset-backed render
+ * component warns, and the collider has no shape.
+ *
  * @category Components
  */
 class CollisionComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
@@ -3164,6 +3829,29 @@ class CollisionComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
             type: this._type
         };
     }
+    initComponent() {
+        this._applyMeshGeometryDefault();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Defaults a mesh collider's geometry to the host entity's own render component. The
+     * engine's mesh collider only works with explicitly supplied geometry, and the element has
+     * no attribute to supply it - so the host's visible geometry, the meaning a mesh collider
+     * on a glTF node carries, fills the gap. Runs on every application (so a rebound `pc-node`
+     * recomputes it) and on a runtime switch to `type="mesh"`; an explicitly assigned
+     * `renderAsset` is never overwritten.
+     */
+    _applyMeshGeometryDefault() {
+        const component = this.component;
+        if (!component || this._type !== 'mesh' || component.renderAsset !== null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const asset = component.entity.render?.asset ?? null;
+        if (asset === null) {
+            console.warn(`pc-collision type="mesh" on '${component.entity.name}' found no asset-backed render component to take geometry from - collider has no shape`);
+            return;
+        }
+        component.renderAsset = asset;
+    }
     /**
      * Gets the underlying PlayCanvas collision component.
      * @returns The collision component.
@@ -3238,13 +3926,24 @@ class CollisionComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
         this._type = value;
         if (this.component) {
             this.component.type = value;
+            this._applyMeshGeometryDefault();
         }
     }
     get type() {
         return this._type;
     }
     static get observedAttributes() {
-        return [...super.observedAttributes, 'angular-offset', 'axis', 'convex-hull', 'half-extents', 'height', 'linear-offset', 'radius', 'type'];
+        return [
+            ...super.observedAttributes,
+            'angular-offset',
+            'axis',
+            'convex-hull',
+            'half-extents',
+            'height',
+            'linear-offset',
+            'radius',
+            'type'
+        ];
     }
     attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
         super.attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue);
@@ -4949,7 +5648,7 @@ class ParticleSystemComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
         }
         // Set all the config properties on the component
         for (const key in resource) {
-            if (resource.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+            if (Object.hasOwn(resource, key)) {
                 this.component[key] = resource[key];
             }
         }
@@ -5022,10 +5721,7 @@ class ParticleSystemComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
         }
     }
     static get observedAttributes() {
-        return [
-            ...super.observedAttributes,
-            'asset'
-        ];
+        return [...super.observedAttributes, 'asset'];
     }
     attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
         super.attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue);
@@ -5185,7 +5881,7 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
     _twoSidedLighting = false;
     _useFog = true;
     _useLighting = true;
-    // Diverges from the engine default of false - see the class docblock and createMaterial()
+    // Diverges from the engine default of false - see the class docblock and _createMaterial()
     _useMetalness = true;
     _useMetalnessSpecularColor = false;
     _useSkybox = true;
@@ -5198,6 +5894,10 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
     _mapHandles = new Map();
     _updateScheduled = false;
     _glossConflictWarned = false;
+    /**
+     * The material. `null` until the containing application has created it — an element present
+     * at startup has its material once the application is ready.
+     */
     material = null;
     async connectedCallback() {
         const appElement = this.parentElement?.closest('pc-app') ?? null;
@@ -5215,10 +5915,17 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
         if (!this.material) {
             if (!appElement.app)
                 return; // pc-app is re-connecting; its own boot will create this
-            this.createMaterial();
+            this._createMaterial();
         }
     }
-    createMaterial() {
+    /**
+     * Creates the material from the element's cached properties. Called by the containing
+     * `<pc-app>` element during its boot sweep, and on connection for elements inserted while
+     * the application is already running.
+     *
+     * @internal
+     */
+    _createMaterial() {
         const material = new StandardMaterial();
         this.material = material;
         material.alphaTest = this._alphaTest;
@@ -5345,9 +6052,9 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
      * warning latches and reports once per episode, clearing when the clash is resolved.
      */
     _warnGlossConflict() {
-        const quote = (names) => `'${names.join('\', \'')}'`;
-        const roughness = roughnessAliases.filter(name => this.hasAttribute(name));
-        const gloss = glossConflicts.filter(name => this.hasAttribute(name));
+        const quote = (names) => `'${names.join("', '")}'`;
+        const roughness = roughnessAliases.filter((name) => this.hasAttribute(name));
+        const gloss = glossConflicts.filter((name) => this.hasAttribute(name));
         if (roughness.length === 0 || gloss.length === 0) {
             this._glossConflictWarned = false;
             return;
@@ -5365,7 +6072,7 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
      * @param id - The id of the `pc-asset`, or an empty string to clear the slot.
      * @param slot - The material property to write.
      */
-    setMap(id, slot) {
+    _setMap(id, slot) {
         // Drop any load still pending for this slot - its texture is no longer the one we want
         this._mapHandles.get(slot)?.off();
         this._mapHandles.delete(slot);
@@ -5390,13 +6097,13 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
     }
     /**
      * @param slot - The material property to write.
-     * @param texture - The loaded texture.
+     * @param texture - The loaded texture, applied with its sampler state untouched - anisotropy
+     * and friends belong to the `pc-asset`'s texture options.
      */
     _applyMap(slot, texture) {
         if (!this.material)
             return;
         this.material[slot] = texture;
-        texture.anisotropy = 4;
         this._scheduleUpdate();
     }
     /**
@@ -5459,7 +6166,7 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
      */
     set aoMap(value) {
         this._aoMap = value;
-        this.setMap(value, 'aoMap');
+        this._setMap(value, 'aoMap');
     }
     /**
      * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the ambient occlusion map.
@@ -5691,7 +6398,7 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
      */
     set diffuseMap(value) {
         this._diffuseMap = value;
-        this.setMap(value, 'diffuseMap');
+        this._setMap(value, 'diffuseMap');
     }
     /**
      * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the diffuse map.
@@ -5832,7 +6539,7 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
      */
     set emissiveMap(value) {
         this._emissiveMap = value;
-        this.setMap(value, 'emissiveMap');
+        this._setMap(value, 'emissiveMap');
     }
     /**
      * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the emissive map.
@@ -6010,7 +6717,7 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
      */
     set glossMap(value) {
         this._glossMap = value;
-        this.setMap(value, 'glossMap');
+        this._setMap(value, 'glossMap');
     }
     /**
      * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the gloss map.
@@ -6115,7 +6822,7 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
      */
     set heightMap(value) {
         this._heightMap = value;
-        this.setMap(value, 'heightMap');
+        this._setMap(value, 'heightMap');
     }
     /**
      * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the height map.
@@ -6256,7 +6963,7 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
      */
     set metalnessMap(value) {
         this._metalnessMap = value;
-        this.setMap(value, 'metalnessMap');
+        this._setMap(value, 'metalnessMap');
     }
     /**
      * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the metalness map.
@@ -6361,7 +7068,7 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
      */
     set normalMap(value) {
         this._normalMap = value;
-        this.setMap(value, 'normalMap');
+        this._setMap(value, 'normalMap');
     }
     /**
      * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the normal map.
@@ -6449,7 +7156,7 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
     set occludeDirect(value) {
         this._occludeDirect = value;
         if (this.material) {
-            // @ts-ignore see createMaterial() - the engine mistypes occludeDirect as a number
+            // @ts-ignore see _createMaterial() - the engine mistypes occludeDirect as a number
             this.material.occludeDirect = value;
             this._scheduleUpdate();
         }
@@ -6541,7 +7248,7 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
      */
     set opacityMap(value) {
         this._opacityMap = value;
-        this.setMap(value, 'opacityMap');
+        this._setMap(value, 'opacityMap');
     }
     /**
      * Gets the id of the `pc-asset` used as the opacity map.
@@ -6859,6 +7566,13 @@ class MaterialElement extends HTMLElement {
     get useTonemap() {
         return this._useTonemap;
     }
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@link StandardMaterial} created by the `<pc-material>` element with the given
+     * `id`, or `undefined` if there is no such element or its material has not been created yet.
+     *
+     * @param id - The `id` of the `<pc-material>` element.
+     * @returns The material, or `undefined`.
+     */
     static get(id) {
         const materialElement = document.querySelector(`pc-material[id="${id}"]`);
         return materialElement?.material;
@@ -7497,7 +8211,18 @@ class RigidBodyComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
         return this._type;
     }
     static get observedAttributes() {
-        return [...super.observedAttributes, 'angular-damping', 'angular-factor', 'friction', 'linear-damping', 'linear-factor', 'mass', 'restitution', 'rolling-friction', 'type'];
+        return [
+            ...super.observedAttributes,
+            'angular-damping',
+            'angular-factor',
+            'friction',
+            'linear-damping',
+            'linear-factor',
+            'mass',
+            'restitution',
+            'rolling-friction',
+            'type'
+        ];
     }
     attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
         super.attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue);
@@ -7802,13 +8527,7 @@ class ScrollbarComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
         return this._handle;
     }
     static get observedAttributes() {
-        return [
-            ...super.observedAttributes,
-            'orientation',
-            'value',
-            'handle-size',
-            'handle'
-        ];
+        return [...super.observedAttributes, 'orientation', 'value', 'handle-size', 'handle'];
     }
     attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
         super.attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue);
@@ -8034,7 +8753,8 @@ class ScrollViewComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
     set horizontalScrollbarVisibility(value) {
         this._horizontalScrollbarVisibility = value;
         if (this.component) {
-            this.component.horizontalScrollbarVisibility = visibilities.get(value) ?? SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_WHEN_REQUIRED;
+            this.component.horizontalScrollbarVisibility =
+                visibilities.get(value) ?? SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_WHEN_REQUIRED;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -8052,7 +8772,8 @@ class ScrollViewComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
     set verticalScrollbarVisibility(value) {
         this._verticalScrollbarVisibility = value;
         if (this.component) {
-            this.component.verticalScrollbarVisibility = visibilities.get(value) ?? SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_WHEN_REQUIRED;
+            this.component.verticalScrollbarVisibility =
+                visibilities.get(value) ?? SCROLLBAR_VISIBILITY_SHOW_WHEN_REQUIRED;
         }
     }
     /**
@@ -8239,15 +8960,9 @@ customElements.define('pc-scrollview', ScrollViewComponentElement);
 class ScriptElement extends AsyncElement {
     _attributes = {};
     _enabled = true;
-    /**
-     * Whether readiness has been signalled. Creation can happen more than once over an
-     * element's life (a runtime `name` change recreates the instance), but `ready` is a
-     * one-shot signal, so only the first successful creation fires it.
-     */
-    _readySignalled = false;
     /**
      * The Script instance created for this element by its parent `<pc-scripts>` element.
-     * @ignore
+     * @internal
      */
     _script = null;
     /**
@@ -8329,14 +9044,20 @@ class ScriptElement extends AsyncElement {
             console.warn(`pc-script '${this.getAttribute('name')}' must be a direct child of pc-scripts - script not created`);
         }
     }
+    disconnectedCallback() {
+        // Re-arm readiness so a re-inserted element announces the instance created for it then.
+        // `_script` is deliberately NOT cleared here: the parent's mutation observer processes
+        // this removal afterwards and reads it to establish which engine script this element
+        // owned - the parent is what clears it.
+        this._resetReady();
+    }
     /**
      * Called by the parent `<pc-scripts>` element when the script instance has been created.
-     * @ignore
+     * Creation can happen more than once per connection (a runtime `name` change recreates the
+     * instance), but `_onReady` signals readiness at most once per cycle.
+     * @internal
      */
     _onScriptCreated() {
-        if (this._readySignalled)
-            return;
-        this._readySignalled = true;
         this._onReady();
     }
     static get observedAttributes() {
@@ -8381,10 +9102,34 @@ customElements.define('pc-script', ScriptElement);
  */
 const RESERVED_ATTRIBUTES = new Set([
     ...ScriptElement.observedAttributes,
-    'accesskey', 'autocapitalize', 'autofocus', 'class', 'contenteditable', 'dir', 'draggable',
-    'exportparts', 'hidden', 'id', 'inert', 'is', 'itemid', 'itemprop', 'itemref', 'itemscope',
-    'itemtype', 'lang', 'nonce', 'part', 'popover', 'role', 'slot', 'spellcheck', 'style',
-    'tabindex', 'title', 'translate'
+    'accesskey',
+    'autocapitalize',
+    'autofocus',
+    'class',
+    'contenteditable',
+    'dir',
+    'draggable',
+    'exportparts',
+    'hidden',
+    'id',
+    'inert',
+    'is',
+    'itemid',
+    'itemprop',
+    'itemref',
+    'itemscope',
+    'itemtype',
+    'lang',
+    'nonce',
+    'part',
+    'popover',
+    'role',
+    'slot',
+    'spellcheck',
+    'style',
+    'tabindex',
+    'title',
+    'translate'
 ]);
 /**
  * Checks whether a `pc-script` attribute name is reserved (and so never maps to a script
@@ -8396,18 +9141,25 @@ const RESERVED_ATTRIBUTES = new Set([
  * @returns Whether the attribute name is reserved.
  */
 const isReservedAttribute = (name) => {
-    return RESERVED_ATTRIBUTES.has(name) ||
+    return (RESERVED_ATTRIBUTES.has(name) ||
         name.startsWith('data-') ||
         name.startsWith('aria-') ||
         name.startsWith('_') ||
-        (name.startsWith('on') && name in HTMLElement.prototype);
+        (name.startsWith('on') && name in HTMLElement.prototype));
 };
 /**
  * Script API members that per-property attributes must never overwrite: the engine bindings and
  * the (optional, so possibly undefined) lifecycle methods.
  */
 const SCRIPT_API_MEMBERS = new Set([
-    'app', 'entity', 'destroy', 'initialize', 'postInitialize', 'postUpdate', 'swap', 'update'
+    'app',
+    'entity',
+    'destroy',
+    'initialize',
+    'postInitialize',
+    'postUpdate',
+    'swap',
+    'update'
 ]);
 /**
  * Converts a kebab-case attribute name to the camelCase script attribute name.
@@ -8423,7 +9175,7 @@ const kebabToCamel = (name) => {
  * @returns The kebab-case name.
  */
 const camelToKebab = (name) => {
-    return name.replace(/[A-Z]/g, char => `-${char.toLowerCase()}`);
+    return name.replace(/[A-Z]/g, (char) => `-${char.toLowerCase()}`);
 };
 /**
  * Resolves an `asset:` prefix to the Asset created by the `pc-asset` element with that id.
@@ -8622,7 +9374,10 @@ class ScriptComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
             // Only recurse into plain objects. Class instances (Vec3, Color, Asset, Entity...)
             // are leaf values assigned whole, so accessor-typed script attributes receive them
             // through their setters instead of having a getter's returned copy mutated.
-            if (value && typeof value === 'object' && !Array.isArray(value) && Object.getPrototypeOf(value) === Object.prototype) {
+            if (value &&
+                typeof value === 'object' &&
+                !Array.isArray(value) &&
+                Object.getPrototypeOf(value) === Object.prototype) {
                 if (!current || typeof current !== 'object') {
                     target[key] = {};
                 }
@@ -8640,7 +9395,11 @@ class ScriptComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @returns Whether the value is a math type.
      */
     isMathType(value) {
-        return value instanceof Vec2 || value instanceof Vec3 || value instanceof Vec4 || value instanceof Color || value instanceof Quat;
+        return (value instanceof Vec2 ||
+            value instanceof Vec3 ||
+            value instanceof Vec4 ||
+            value instanceof Color ||
+            value instanceof Quat);
     }
     /**
      * Converts a plain numeric array to the math type of `current`. A 3-element array targeting
@@ -8653,7 +9412,7 @@ class ScriptComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
      * @returns The converted value, or `null`.
      */
     arrayToMathType(current, value, key) {
-        if (value.every(component => typeof component === 'number' && Number.isFinite(component))) {
+        if (value.every((component) => typeof component === 'number' && Number.isFinite(component))) {
             if (current instanceof Vec2 && value.length === 2)
                 return new Vec2(value);
             if (current instanceof Vec3 && value.length === 3)
@@ -8925,7 +9684,10 @@ class ScriptComponentElement extends ComponentElement {
             mutation.removedNodes.forEach((node) => {
                 if (node instanceof ScriptElement) {
                     const scriptName = node.getAttribute('name');
-                    if (scriptName && node._script && this.component && this.component.get(scriptName) === node._script) {
+                    if (scriptName &&
+                        node._script &&
+                        this.component &&
+                        this.component.get(scriptName) === node._script) {
                         this.destroyScript(scriptName);
                     }
                     node._script = null;
@@ -9174,18 +9936,27 @@ class SoundSlotElement extends AsyncElement {
      * emit a misleading "must be a direct child" warning for what is an ordinary removal.
      */
     _soundElement = null;
+    /**
+     * Incremented on every connect and disconnect, and captured by connectedCallback on entry —
+     * a resume from an await abandons itself if the value has moved on, so a stale callback can
+     * neither act on a torn-down tree nor add its slot alongside a re-inserted element's own
+     * callback.
+     */
+    _connectionGeneration = 0;
     /**
      * The sound slot.
      */
     soundSlot = null;
     async connectedCallback() {
+        const generation = ++this._connectionGeneration;
         const soundElement = this.soundElement;
         await soundElement?.ready();
-        // The element may have been removed, or its parent torn down, while we were waiting. A
-        // <pc-app> disconnects before its children, so by the time we resume the component can
-        // already be gone - see the matching guard in disconnectedCallback below.
+        // The element may have been removed (perhaps re-inserted, which runs a callback of its
+        // own), or its parent torn down, while we were waiting. A <pc-app> disconnects before
+        // its children, so by the time we resume the component can already be gone - see the
+        // matching guard in disconnectedCallback below.
         const component = soundElement?.component;
-        if (!this.isConnected || !component) {
+        if (generation !== this._connectionGeneration || !component) {
             return;
         }
         const options = {
@@ -9208,12 +9979,15 @@ class SoundSlotElement extends AsyncElement {
         this._onReady();
     }
     disconnectedCallback() {
+        // Invalidate any connectedCallback still suspended on an await
+        this._connectionGeneration++;
         // Uses the cached parent rather than a fresh lookup, since parentElement is already null
         // by now. The component itself is null if the parent <pc-sound> (or the whole <pc-app>) is
         // being torn down — parents disconnect first and have already removed the component.
         this._soundElement?.component?.removeSlot(this._name);
         this._soundElement = null;
         this.soundSlot = null;
+        this._resetReady();
     }
     get soundElement() {
         const soundElement = this.parentElement;
@@ -9609,55 +10383,170 @@ customElements.define('pc-gsplat', GSplatComponentElement);
  * {@link https://developer.playcanvas.com/user-manual/web-components/tags/pc-model/ | `<pc-model>`} elements.
  * The ModelElement interface also inherits the properties and methods of the
  * {@link HTMLElement} interface.
+ *
+ * The element becomes ready once its container asset has loaded and the instantiated hierarchy has
+ * been added to the scene — `entity` is non-null by then. A failed load also settles readiness,
+ * with `entity` remaining `null`: readiness means the load settled, not that it succeeded — listen
+ * for `error`, or check `entity`, to tell the outcomes apart. Changing `asset` re-arms readiness
+ * and instantiates anew, so a `ready()` obtained after the change resolves against the new
+ * hierarchy. A `pc-model` outside a `pc-app`, or referencing an unknown asset id, warns and never
+ * becomes ready.
+ *
+ * @fires {Event} load - Fired each time a container asset finishes instantiating, including
+ * re-instantiation after `asset` changes. Does not bubble — listen on this element, or use a
+ * capture-phase listener on an ancestor.
+ * @fires {ErrorEvent} error - Fired when the container asset fails to load, with the engine's
+ * error in `message`. Does not bubble. The element still becomes ready — readiness means the load
+ * settled, not that it succeeded.
  */
 class ModelElement extends AsyncElement {
     _asset = '';
     _entity = null;
+    /**
+     * Incremented on every new load and on disconnect, and captured by a load when it starts. A
+     * load that resumes from an await or a load callback abandons itself if the value has moved
+     * on, so a superseded load can neither instantiate a second entity nor parent one that has
+     * since been destroyed.
+     */
+    _loadGeneration = 0;
+    /**
+     * The pending asset subscriptions of the current load, if it is waiting for its asset. Held
+     * so that whatever supersedes the load can detach the handlers from the asset, rather than
+     * leave them registered until the asset settles (or forever, if it never does).
+     */
+    _loadHandle = null;
+    _errorHandle = null;
+    /**
+     * The root entity of the instantiated model. `null` until the container asset has loaded
+     * and been instantiated, and again once the element has been removed from the document.
+     * @returns The model's root entity, or `null`.
+     */
+    get entity() {
+        return this._entity;
+    }
     connectedCallback() {
+        // A model outside an application is inert and never becomes ready, so awaiting it hangs.
+        // Warn rather than fail silently, naming the parent it requires, as every other misplaced
+        // element does.
+        if (!this.closestApp) {
+            const label = this._asset ? ` '${this._asset}'` : '';
+            console.warn(`pc-model${label} must be a descendant of pc-app - model not created`);
+            return;
+        }
         this._loadModel();
-        this._onReady();
     }
     disconnectedCallback() {
+        this._loadGeneration++;
+        this._detachLoadHandlers();
         this._unloadModel();
+        this._resetReady();
+    }
+    _detachLoadHandlers() {
+        this._loadHandle?.off();
+        this._loadHandle = null;
+        this._errorHandle?.off();
+        this._errorHandle = null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Resolves readiness and dispatches the `load` event. Called once the instantiated hierarchy
+     * has been parented — readiness means "in the scene graph", matching `pc-entity`, so a ready
+     * model's entity always has world transforms.
+     */
+    _announceLoad() {
+        this._onReady();
+        this.dispatchEvent(new Event('load'));
     }
     _instantiate(container) {
-        this._entity = container.instantiateRenderEntity();
+        const generation = this._loadGeneration;
+        const entity = container.instantiateRenderEntity();
+        this._entity = entity;
         // @ts-ignore
         if (container.animations.length > 0) {
-            this._entity.addComponent('anim');
+            entity.addComponent('anim');
             // @ts-ignore
-            this._entity.anim.assignAnimation('animation', container.animations[0].resource);
+            entity.anim.assignAnimation('animation', container.animations[0].resource);
         }
+        // The parent's readiness re-arms when it is torn down, so these can resume in a later
+        // connection cycle. The entity is captured above and the generation re-checked, so a
+        // stale resume cannot parent an entity a newer cycle has already destroyed.
         const parentEntityElement = this.closestEntity;
         if (parentEntityElement) {
             parentEntityElement.ready().then(() => {
-                parentEntityElement.entity.addChild(this._entity);
+                if (generation !== this._loadGeneration) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                parentEntityElement.entity.addChild(entity);
+                this._announceLoad();
             });
         }
         else {
             const appElement = this.closestApp;
             if (appElement) {
                 appElement.ready().then(() => {
-                    appElement.app.root.addChild(this._entity);
+                    if (generation !== this._loadGeneration) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    appElement.app.root.addChild(entity);
+                    this._announceLoad();
                 });
             }
         }
     }
     async _loadModel() {
         this._unloadModel();
-        const appElement = await this.closestApp?.ready();
-        const app = appElement?.app;
+        // Supersede any load already in flight - only the newest load may instantiate
+        const generation = ++this._loadGeneration;
+        this._detachLoadHandlers();
+        // Re-arm readiness so a waiter obtained after an asset change resolves against the new
+        // hierarchy. A no-op on first connection, where readiness is still pending.
+        this._resetReady();
+        const appElement = this.closestApp;
+        if (!appElement) {
+            // Outside pc-app; connectedCallback already warned. Reached through the asset setter.
+            return;
+        }
+        await appElement.ready();
+        // The element may have been removed, or another load started, while we waited
+        if (generation !== this._loadGeneration) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const app = appElement.app;
         const asset = AssetElement.get(this._asset);
         if (!asset) {
+            // An empty id is a legitimate transient (the asset may be assigned later); a
+            // non-empty one that resolves to nothing is a dead end - say so rather than staying
+            // silently pending.
+            if (this._asset) {
+                console.warn(`pc-model could not find asset '${this._asset}' - model not created`);
+            }
             return;
         }
         if (asset.loaded) {
             this._instantiate(asset.resource);
         }
         else {
-            asset.once('load', () => {
+            // The generation is re-checked even though a superseded handler is detached: the
+            // detach relies on how the engine's event emitter treats removal, while the check
+            // holds on its own. Whichever of load/error fires first detaches the other.
+            this._loadHandle = asset.once('load', () => {
+                this._detachLoadHandlers();
+                if (generation !== this._loadGeneration) {
+                    return;
+                }
                 this._instantiate(asset.resource);
             });
+            this._errorHandle = asset.once('error', (err) => {
+                this._detachLoadHandlers();
+                if (generation !== this._loadGeneration) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                // A failed load settles readiness with a null entity, mirroring pc-asset:
+                // readiness means the load settled, not that it succeeded.
+                this.dispatchEvent(new ErrorEvent('error', {
+                    message: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
+                }));
+                this._onReady();
+            });
             app.assets.load(asset);
         }
     }
@@ -9695,6 +10584,625 @@ class ModelElement extends AsyncElement {
 }
 customElements.define('pc-model', ModelElement);
 
+/**
+ * Computes the Levenshtein distance between two strings, for near-miss suggestions in the
+ * resolution warnings.
+ *
+ * @param a - The first string.
+ * @param b - The second string.
+ * @returns The edit distance.
+ */
+const levenshtein = (a, b) => {
+    const row = Array.from({ length: b.length + 1 }, (_, i) => i);
+    for (let i = 1; i <= a.length; i++) {
+        let previous = row[0];
+        row[0] = i;
+        for (let j = 1; j <= b.length; j++) {
+            const current = row[j];
+            row[j] = Math.min(row[j] + 1, row[j - 1] + 1, previous + (a[i - 1] === b[j - 1] ? 0 : 1));
+            previous = current;
+        }
+    }
+    return row[b.length];
+};
+/**
+ * The NodeElement interface provides properties and methods for manipulating
+ * {@link https://developer.playcanvas.com/user-manual/web-components/tags/pc-node/ | `<pc-node>`}
+ * elements. The NodeElement interface also inherits the properties and methods of the
+ * {@link HTMLElement} interface.
+ *
+ * A `pc-node` is an override element: where `pc-entity` creates an entity, `pc-node` binds to a
+ * node a `pc-model` loaded and declares overrides against the authored asset — components to
+ * add, properties to change, content to attach. Attributes present apply as overrides; attributes
+ * absent leave authored values untouched, and removing an attribute (or assigning `null` to the
+ * matching property) restores the authored value.
+ *
+ * `name` selects among the host model's nodes (first match in depth-first order), nesting a
+ * `pc-node` inside another scopes the search to that subtree, and `index` picks among identically
+ * named matches. When `name` matches more than one node and no `index` is given, the element
+ * warns and binds nothing.
+ *
+ * The element becomes ready once bound, and never while unresolved — a missing or ambiguous
+ * name warns and records the failure in `state`, readiness stays unresolved, and descendants
+ * wait with it.
+ *
+ * The pointer events below are dispatched by the containing `<pc-app>` element when the pointer
+ * intersects the bound node's geometry, exactly as for `<pc-entity>`.
+ *
+ * @attribute {string} name - The name of the node to bind, resolved within the nearest ancestor
+ * `pc-model` (or `pc-node`) once it has instantiated.
+ * @attribute {number} index - Which match to bind when `name` matches more than one node,
+ * 0-based in depth-first order. Optional for a unique match; required for an ambiguous one.
+ * @attribute {boolean} enabled - Overrides the node's enabled state.
+ * @attribute {string} position - Overrides the node's local position, as an "x y z" triple.
+ * @attribute {string} rotation - Overrides the node's local rotation (Euler angles), as an
+ * "x y z" triple.
+ * @attribute {string} scale - Overrides the node's local scale, as an "x y z" triple.
+ * @attribute {string} tags - Overrides the node's tags, separated by spaces or commas.
+ * @attribute {string} onpointerenter - Script to run when the pointer moves onto the node.
+ * @attribute {string} onpointerleave - Script to run when the pointer moves off the node.
+ * @attribute {string} onpointermove - Script to run when the pointer moves over the node.
+ * @attribute {string} onpointerdown - Script to run when a pointer button is pressed over the
+ * node.
+ * @attribute {string} onpointerup - Script to run when a pointer button is released over the
+ * node.
+ * @fires {PointerEvent} pointerenter - Fired when the pointer moves onto the node.
+ * @fires {PointerEvent} pointerleave - Fired when the pointer moves off the node.
+ * @fires {PointerEvent} pointermove - Fired when the pointer moves over the node.
+ * @fires {PointerEvent} pointerdown - Fired when a pointer button is pressed over the node.
+ * @fires {PointerEvent} pointerup - Fired when a pointer button is released over the node.
+ */
+class NodeElement extends EntityBaseElement {
+    _name = '';
+    _index = null;
+    _state = 'pending';
+    _path = null;
+    /**
+     * The element whose entity roots this element's search: the nearest ancestor `pc-node`, or
+     * failing that the nearest ancestor `pc-model`. Resolved on connection.
+     */
+    _host = null;
+    /**
+     * The listener following the host's binding cycles. Both host kinds announce each cycle
+     * with a `ready` event — `pc-model` on every instantiation, `pc-node` on every bind.
+     */
+    _hostListener = null;
+    /**
+     * The subscription to the bound entity's destruction, detached on unbind so a retargeted
+     * element cannot be reset by the eventual death of a node it no longer fronts.
+     */
+    _destroyHandle = null;
+    /** The authored values displaced by this element's overrides, captured per property. */
+    _authored = {};
+    // Override values. `null` means "no override": the authored value stays in force.
+    _enabled = null;
+    _position = null;
+    _rotation = null;
+    _scale = null;
+    _tags = null;
+    /**
+     * The binding state: `pending` until the host instantiates and `name` resolves, `bound`
+     * once decorated, `missing`/`ambiguous`/`duplicate` when resolution failed (each also
+     * warns). Useful for asserting a document's bindings programmatically.
+     * @returns The binding state.
+     */
+    get state() {
+        return this._state;
+    }
+    /**
+     * The path of the bound node below the search root, `/`-separated, or `null` while not
+     * bound.
+     * @returns The bound node's path, or `null`.
+     */
+    get path() {
+        return this._path;
+    }
+    connectedCallback() {
+        const host = (this.parentElement?.closest('pc-model, pc-node') ?? null);
+        if (!host) {
+            const label = this._name ? ` '${this._name}'` : '';
+            console.warn(`pc-node${label} must be a descendant of pc-model - node not bound`);
+            return;
+        }
+        this._host = host;
+        // Follow the host's binding cycles. `ready` bubbles, so cycles of elements nested under
+        // the host pass through it - only the host's own count.
+        this._hostListener = (event) => {
+            if (event.target !== this._host) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this._rebind();
+        };
+        host.addEventListener('ready', this._hostListener);
+        // The host may already be instantiated (an element inserted after load binds immediately)
+        this._rebind();
+    }
+    disconnectedCallback() {
+        if (this._host && this._hostListener) {
+            this._host.removeEventListener('ready', this._hostListener);
+        }
+        this._host = null;
+        this._hostListener = null;
+        // Removal reverts: the model owns the node, so the entity is left as authored. Children
+        // clean up through their own disconnect behavior.
+        this._unbind();
+        this._state = 'pending';
+    }
+    /**
+     * Re-resolves the binding against the host's current hierarchy: on connection, on a `name`
+     * or `index` change, and on every host cycle (a model [re]instantiating, an enclosing
+     * `pc-node` [re]binding). When re-resolution yields the entity already bound, the binding
+     * is retained untouched — a redundant edit must not flicker overrides through a revert.
+     */
+    _rebind() {
+        const hostEntity = this._host?.entity ?? null;
+        if (!hostEntity || !this._name) {
+            // Host not instantiated (or nothing to look up yet): return to pending. An assigned
+            // name arriving later, or the host's next cycle, resolves it.
+            this._unbind();
+            this._state = 'pending';
+            return;
+        }
+        const target = this._resolve(hostEntity);
+        if (target && target === this._entity) {
+            this._path = this._pathOf(target, hostEntity);
+            return;
+        }
+        this._unbind();
+        if (!target) {
+            // _resolve warned and set the failure state
+            return;
+        }
+        this._bind(target, hostEntity);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Resolves `name` (and `index`) to an entity under `hostEntity`, warning and recording the
+     * failure state when it cannot.
+     *
+     * @param hostEntity - The root of the search.
+     * @returns The resolved entity, or `null`.
+     */
+    _resolve(hostEntity) {
+        const matches = hostEntity.find((node) => node.name === this._name);
+        if (matches.length === 0) {
+            const closest = this._closestName(hostEntity);
+            const hint = closest ? ` - closest match: '${closest}'` : '';
+            console.warn(`pc-node '${this._name}' not found in ${this._describeHost()}${hint}`);
+            this._state = 'missing';
+            return null;
+        }
+        let target;
+        if (this._index !== null) {
+            if (this._index >= matches.length) {
+                console.warn(`pc-node '${this._name}' index ${this._index} is out of range - ${matches.length} match(es) in ${this._describeHost()}`);
+                this._state = 'missing';
+                return null;
+            }
+            target = matches[this._index];
+        }
+        else if (matches.length > 1) {
+            // Ambiguity binds nothing: a fallback guess performs side effects on the wrong
+            // scene node, and would go wrong silently when a re-export introduces a duplicate
+            // name. The candidates tell the author exactly what to write.
+            const candidates = matches.map((m, i) => `[${i}] ${this._pathOf(m, hostEntity)}`).join(', ');
+            console.warn(`pc-node '${this._name}' is ambiguous in ${this._describeHost()} - specify index: ${candidates}`);
+            this._state = 'ambiguous';
+            return null;
+        }
+        else {
+            target = matches[0];
+        }
+        const owner = this.closestApp?.elementFromEntity(target);
+        if (owner && owner !== this) {
+            console.warn(`pc-node '${this._name}' resolves to a node already bound by another element - element ignored`);
+            this._state = 'duplicate';
+            return null;
+        }
+        return target;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Binds `target`: registers it (making it a pick target), hooks its destruction, applies
+     * this element's overrides, announces readiness and builds the deferred child subtree.
+     *
+     * @param target - The entity to bind.
+     * @param hostEntity - The search root, for the path.
+     */
+    _bind(target, hostEntity) {
+        this._entity = target;
+        this._registerEntity(target);
+        this._destroyHandle = target.once('destroy', this._onEntityDestroy, this);
+        this._state = 'bound';
+        this._path = this._pathOf(target, hostEntity);
+        this._applyOverrides();
+        this._onReady();
+        this._buildChildren();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Dissolves the current binding, restoring every authored value this element's overrides
+     * displaced and removing the decorations this binding hosts: attachment entities are
+     * destroyed (re-created against the next binding) and component decorations are removed
+     * from the abandoned node. Both sweeps are scoped by `closestEntity`, so a still-bound
+     * nested `pc-node` keeps its own decorations. Safe to call in any state.
+     */
+    _unbind() {
+        const entity = this._entity;
+        if (!entity) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this._revertOverrides();
+        // Attachment points anchor to the bound node, so they cannot outlive the binding. Each
+        // destroyed entity resets its element, which the next _buildChildren re-creates.
+        this.querySelectorAll('pc-entity').forEach((child) => {
+            if (child.closestEntity === this) {
+                child.entity?.destroy();
+            }
+        });
+        this._destroyHandle?.off();
+        this._destroyHandle = null;
+        this._unregisterEntity(entity);
+        this._entity = null;
+        this._path = null;
+        this._authored = {};
+        // Component decorations come off through the same hook the host-ready cycle uses. A
+        // dissolve that never rebinds fires no ready event, so the sweep is explicit - after
+        // `_entity` is cleared, so the hook sees a host without an entity.
+        this.querySelectorAll('*').forEach((child) => {
+            if (child instanceof ComponentElement && child.closestEntity === this) {
+                child._hostCycled();
+            }
+        });
+        this._resetReady();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Handles the destruction of the bound entity - its model unloading, reloading, or a script
+     * destroying it. There is nothing to revert on a destroyed entity; the element returns to
+     * pending and the host's next cycle re-resolves it.
+     */
+    _onEntityDestroy(entity) {
+        this._destroyHandle = null;
+        this._unregisterEntity(entity);
+        this._entity = null;
+        this._path = null;
+        this._authored = {};
+        this._state = 'pending';
+        this._resetReady();
+    }
+    /**
+     * Creates and parents the entities of child `pc-entity` elements - the attachment points.
+     * Mirrors the runtime-insertion path in EntityElement.connectedCallback: children were
+     * deferred while this host was unresolved (or reset when a previous binding dissolved), and
+     * build here once it binds.
+     */
+    _buildChildren() {
+        const app = this.closestApp?.app;
+        if (!app) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const childEntities = this.querySelectorAll('pc-entity');
+        childEntities.forEach((child) => {
+            child._createEntity(app);
+        });
+        childEntities.forEach((child) => {
+            child._buildHierarchy(app);
+        });
+    }
+    /**
+     * Applies every override that is explicitly set, capturing the authored value it displaces.
+     */
+    _applyOverrides() {
+        if (this._enabled !== null) {
+            this.enabled = this._enabled;
+        }
+        if (this._position !== null) {
+            this.position = this._position;
+        }
+        if (this._rotation !== null) {
+            this.rotation = this._rotation;
+        }
+        if (this._scale !== null) {
+            this.scale = this._scale;
+        }
+        if (this._tags !== null) {
+            this.tags = this._tags;
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Restores every authored value this element's overrides displaced. The override values
+     * themselves are kept - they re-apply on the next binding.
+     */
+    _revertOverrides() {
+        const entity = this._entity;
+        const authored = this._authored;
+        if (authored.enabled !== undefined) {
+            entity.enabled = authored.enabled;
+        }
+        if (authored.position) {
+            entity.setLocalPosition(authored.position);
+        }
+        if (authored.rotation) {
+            entity.setLocalRotation(authored.rotation);
+        }
+        if (authored.scale) {
+            entity.setLocalScale(authored.scale);
+        }
+        if (authored.tags) {
+            entity.tags.clear();
+            entity.tags.add(authored.tags);
+        }
+        this._authored = {};
+    }
+    /**
+     * Renders the path of `node` below `root`, for the `path` property and the resolution
+     * warnings.
+     *
+     * @param node - The node to describe.
+     * @param root - The search root.
+     * @returns The `/`-separated path.
+     */
+    _pathOf(node, root) {
+        const parts = [];
+        for (let current = node; current && current !== root; current = current.parent) {
+            parts.unshift(current.name);
+        }
+        return parts.join('/') || node.name;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Describes the search root for warnings: the model's asset id, or the enclosing node's
+     * name.
+     * @returns The description.
+     */
+    _describeHost() {
+        if (this._host instanceof ModelElement) {
+            return `model '${this._host.asset}'`;
+        }
+        return `pc-node '${this._host?.name ?? ''}' subtree`;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Finds the node name nearest to the missing `name`, for the miss warning. The names are
+     * already in hand from resolution, so the suggestion is nearly free.
+     *
+     * @param hostEntity - The root of the search.
+     * @returns The closest name within an edit distance of 2, or `null`.
+     */
+    _closestName(hostEntity) {
+        let best = null;
+        let bestDistance = 3;
+        hostEntity.find((node) => {
+            const distance = levenshtein(this._name, node.name);
+            if (distance < bestDistance) {
+                bestDistance = distance;
+                best = node.name;
+            }
+            return false;
+        });
+        return best;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the name of the node to bind. A change retargets: the current binding's overrides
+     * revert and the new name resolves afresh. `name` on a `pc-node` is never a rename of the
+     * authored node - it is only ever a reference.
+     * @param value - The node name.
+     */
+    set name(value) {
+        this._name = value;
+        if (this.isConnected && this._host) {
+            this._rebind();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the name of the node to bind.
+     * @returns The node name.
+     */
+    get name() {
+        return this._name;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets which match to bind when `name` matches more than one node, 0-based in depth-first
+     * order. A change retargets, like `name`. `null` means unset - required when the name is
+     * ambiguous, optional otherwise.
+     * @param value - The match index, or `null`.
+     */
+    set index(value) {
+        this._index = value;
+        if (this.isConnected && this._host) {
+            this._rebind();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets which match to bind.
+     * @returns The match index, or `null` when unset.
+     */
+    get index() {
+        return this._index;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the enabled override. `null` clears it, restoring the authored state.
+     * @param value - The enabled state, or `null`.
+     */
+    set enabled(value) {
+        this._enabled = value;
+        const entity = this._state === 'bound' ? this._entity : null;
+        if (!entity) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (value !== null) {
+            this._authored.enabled ??= entity.enabled;
+            entity.enabled = value;
+        }
+        else if (this._authored.enabled !== undefined) {
+            entity.enabled = this._authored.enabled;
+            delete this._authored.enabled;
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the enabled override.
+     * @returns The enabled state, or `null` while no override is set.
+     */
+    get enabled() {
+        return this._enabled;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the local position override. `null` clears it, restoring the authored position.
+     * @param value - The position, or `null`.
+     */
+    set position(value) {
+        this._position = value;
+        const entity = this._state === 'bound' ? this._entity : null;
+        if (!entity) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (value !== null) {
+            this._authored.position ??= entity.getLocalPosition().clone();
+            entity.setLocalPosition(value);
+        }
+        else if (this._authored.position) {
+            entity.setLocalPosition(this._authored.position);
+            delete this._authored.position;
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the local position override.
+     * @returns The position, or `null` while no override is set.
+     */
+    get position() {
+        return this._position;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the local rotation override, as Euler angles in degrees. `null` clears it, restoring
+     * the authored rotation.
+     * @param value - The rotation, or `null`.
+     */
+    set rotation(value) {
+        this._rotation = value;
+        const entity = this._state === 'bound' ? this._entity : null;
+        if (!entity) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (value !== null) {
+            // The authored rotation is cached as a quaternion: it restores exactly, where a
+            // round trip through Euler angles need not.
+            this._authored.rotation ??= entity.getLocalRotation().clone();
+            entity.setLocalEulerAngles(value);
+        }
+        else if (this._authored.rotation) {
+            entity.setLocalRotation(this._authored.rotation);
+            delete this._authored.rotation;
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the local rotation override.
+     * @returns The rotation, or `null` while no override is set.
+     */
+    get rotation() {
+        return this._rotation;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the local scale override. `null` clears it, restoring the authored scale.
+     * @param value - The scale, or `null`.
+     */
+    set scale(value) {
+        this._scale = value;
+        const entity = this._state === 'bound' ? this._entity : null;
+        if (!entity) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (value !== null) {
+            this._authored.scale ??= entity.getLocalScale().clone();
+            entity.setLocalScale(value);
+        }
+        else if (this._authored.scale) {
+            entity.setLocalScale(this._authored.scale);
+            delete this._authored.scale;
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the local scale override.
+     * @returns The scale, or `null` while no override is set.
+     */
+    get scale() {
+        return this._scale;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Sets the tags override. `null` clears it, restoring the authored tags.
+     * @param value - The tags, or `null`.
+     */
+    set tags(value) {
+        this._tags = value;
+        const entity = this._state === 'bound' ? this._entity : null;
+        if (!entity) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (value !== null) {
+            this._authored.tags ??= entity.tags.list().slice();
+            entity.tags.clear();
+            entity.tags.add(value);
+        }
+        else if (this._authored.tags) {
+            entity.tags.clear();
+            entity.tags.add(this._authored.tags);
+            delete this._authored.tags;
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Gets the tags override.
+     * @returns The tags, or `null` while no override is set.
+     */
+    get tags() {
+        return this._tags;
+    }
+    static get observedAttributes() {
+        return ['enabled', 'index', 'name', 'position', 'rotation', 'scale', 'tags', ...POINTER_ATTRIBUTES];
+    }
+    attributeChangedCallback(name, _oldValue, newValue) {
+        switch (name) {
+            case 'enabled':
+                this.enabled = newValue === null ? null : parseBool(newValue, true);
+                break;
+            case 'index':
+                if (newValue === null) {
+                    this.index = null;
+                }
+                else {
+                    // Number('') is 0, which would make index="" silently mean the first match
+                    const index = newValue.trim() === '' ? NaN : Number(newValue);
+                    if (!Number.isInteger(index) || index < 0) {
+                        // Invalid values are treated as absent: under ambiguity that means
+                        // unbound, the fail-safe direction.
+                        console.warn(`pc-node index '${newValue}' is not a non-negative integer - treated as absent`);
+                        this.index = null;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        this.index = index;
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'name':
+                this.name = newValue ?? '';
+                break;
+            case 'position':
+                this.position = newValue === null ? null : parseVec3(newValue, Vec3.ZERO, name);
+                break;
+            case 'rotation':
+                this.rotation = newValue === null ? null : parseVec3(newValue, Vec3.ZERO, name);
+                break;
+            case 'scale':
+                this.scale = newValue === null ? null : parseVec3(newValue, Vec3.ONE, name);
+                break;
+            case 'tags':
+                this.tags = newValue === null ? null : parseTags(newValue);
+                break;
+            case 'onpointerenter':
+            case 'onpointerleave':
+            case 'onpointerdown':
+            case 'onpointerup':
+            case 'onpointermove':
+                this._updateInlineHandler(name, newValue);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+customElements.define('pc-node', NodeElement);
+
 /**
  * The SceneElement interface provides properties and methods for manipulating
  * {@link https://developer.playcanvas.com/user-manual/web-components/tags/pc-scene/ | `<pc-scene>`} elements.
@@ -9757,10 +11265,17 @@ class SceneElement extends AsyncElement {
             return;
         }
         this._scene = app.scene;
-        this.updateSceneSettings();
+        this._updateSceneSettings();
         this._onReady();
     }
-    updateSceneSettings() {
+    disconnectedCallback() {
+        // The scene belongs to the application, and removing this element - or the <pc-app>
+        // above it, which disconnects first - parts the two. Re-arm readiness so a re-inserted
+        // element announces the scene it acquires then, not the one it lost here.
+        this._scene = null;
+        this._resetReady();
+    }
+    _updateSceneSettings() {
         if (this._scene) {
             this._scene.fog.type = this._fog;
             this._scene.fog.color = this._fogColor;
@@ -9928,24 +11443,49 @@ class SkyElement extends AsyncElement {
     _type = 'infinite';
     _scene = null;
     _appElement = null;
+    /**
+     * Incremented on every new load and on disconnect, and captured by a load when it starts. A
+     * load that resumes from an await or a load callback abandons itself if the value has moved
+     * on, so a superseded load cannot generate a skybox for a scene it no longer configures.
+     */
+    _loadGeneration = 0;
+    /**
+     * The pending asset-load subscription of the current load, if it is waiting for its asset.
+     * Held so that whatever supersedes the load can detach the handler from the asset, rather
+     * than leave it registered until the asset loads (or forever, if it never does).
+     */
+    _loadHandle = null;
     connectedCallback() {
         this._loadSkybox();
         this._onReady();
     }
     disconnectedCallback() {
+        this._loadGeneration++;
+        this._detachLoadHandler();
         this._unloadSkybox();
         this._appElement = null;
+        this._resetReady();
+    }
+    _detachLoadHandler() {
+        this._loadHandle?.off();
+        this._loadHandle = null;
     }
     _generateSkybox(asset) {
         if (!this._scene)
             return;
         const source = asset.resource;
         const skybox = EnvLighting.generateSkyboxCubemap(source);
-        skybox.anisotropy = 4;
+        // This element owns what it generated (see _unloadSkybox) - replacing a skybox from an
+        // earlier load must release it, not orphan it on the GPU
+        this._scene.skybox?.destroy();
         this._scene.skybox = skybox;
         if (this._lighting) {
             const lighting = EnvLighting.generateLightingSource(source);
             const envAtlas = EnvLighting.generateAtlas(lighting);
+            // The lighting source is an intermediate: the atlas is rendered from it and it is
+            // not needed afterwards
+            lighting.destroy();
+            this._scene.envAtlas?.destroy();
             this._scene.envAtlas = envAtlas;
         }
         const layer = this._scene.layers.getLayerById(LAYERID_SKYBOX);
@@ -9959,7 +11499,14 @@ class SkyElement extends AsyncElement {
         this._scene.skyboxMip = this._mipLevel;
     }
     async _loadSkybox() {
+        // Supersede any load already in flight - only the newest load may generate the skybox
+        const generation = ++this._loadGeneration;
+        this._detachLoadHandler();
         const appElement = await this.closestApp?.ready();
+        // The element may have been removed, or another load started, while we waited
+        if (generation !== this._loadGeneration) {
+            return;
+        }
         const app = appElement?.app;
         if (!appElement || !app) {
             return;
@@ -9974,7 +11521,14 @@ class SkyElement extends AsyncElement {
             this._generateSkybox(asset);
         }
         else {
-            asset.once('load', () => {
+            // The generation is re-checked even though a superseded handler is detached: the
+            // detach relies on how the engine's event emitter treats removal, while the check
+            // holds on its own.
+            this._loadHandle = asset.once('load', () => {
+                this._loadHandle = null;
+                if (generation !== this._loadGeneration) {
+                    return;
+                }
                 this._generateSkybox(asset);
             });
             app.assets.load(asset);
@@ -10169,5 +11723,5 @@ class SkyElement extends AsyncElement {
 }
 customElements.define('pc-sky', SkyElement);
 
-export { AppElement, AssetElement, AsyncElement, ButtonComponentElement, CameraComponentElement, CollisionComponentElement, ComponentElement, ElementComponentElement, EntityElement, GSplatComponentElement, LayoutChildComponentElement, LayoutGroupComponentElement, LightComponentElement, ListenerComponentElement, MaterialElement, ModelElement, ModuleElement, ParticleSystemComponentElement, RenderComponentElement, RigidBodyComponentElement, SceneElement, ScreenComponentElement, ScriptComponentElement, ScriptElement, ScrollViewComponentElement, ScrollbarComponentElement, SkyElement, SoundComponentElement, SoundSlotElement, whenReady };
+export { AppElement, AssetElement, AsyncElement, ButtonComponentElement, CameraComponentElement, CollisionComponentElement, ComponentElement, ElementComponentElement, EntityBaseElement, EntityElement, GSplatComponentElement, LayoutChildComponentElement, LayoutGroupComponentElement, LightComponentElement, ListenerComponentElement, MaterialElement, ModelElement, ModuleElement, NodeElement, ParticleSystemComponentElement, RenderComponentElement, RigidBodyComponentElement, SceneElement, ScreenComponentElement, ScriptComponentElement, ScriptElement, ScrollViewComponentElement, ScrollbarComponentElement, SkyElement, SoundComponentElement, SoundSlotElement, whenReady };
 //# sourceMappingURL=pwc.mjs.map