npm - @pkmn/engine - Versions diffs - 0.1.0-dev.7679dad9 → 0.1.0-dev.7963b917 - Mend

@pkmn/engine 0.1.0-dev.7679dad9 → 0.1.0-dev.7963b917

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.

Files changed (39) hide show

package/README.md +43 -40
package/build/pkg/addon.js +3 -2
package/build/pkg/addon.js.map +1 -1
package/build/pkg/data/layout.json +24 -2
package/build/pkg/gen1.js +13 -16
package/build/pkg/gen1.js.map +1 -1
package/build.zig +59 -51
package/package.json +24 -15
package/src/bin/install-pkmn-engine +10 -5
package/src/lib/binding/node.zig +45 -140
package/src/lib/binding/wasm.zig +4 -2
package/src/lib/common/battle.zig +17 -0
package/src/lib/common/data.zig +11 -11
package/src/lib/common/debug.zig +20 -11
package/src/lib/common/js.zig +118 -0
package/src/lib/common/optional.zig +60 -0
package/src/lib/common/options.zig +9 -0
package/src/lib/common/protocol.zig +204 -140
package/src/lib/common/rational.zig +353 -0
package/src/lib/common/rng.zig +10 -10
package/src/lib/common/util.zig +12 -0
package/src/lib/gen1/README.md +173 -173
package/src/lib/gen1/calc.zig +427 -0
package/src/lib/gen1/chance.zig +1044 -0
package/src/lib/gen1/data/moves.zig +10 -10
package/src/lib/gen1/data/species.zig +2 -2
package/src/lib/gen1/data/types.zig +3 -3
package/src/lib/gen1/data.zig +61 -37
package/src/lib/gen1/helpers.zig +435 -17
package/src/lib/gen1/mechanics.zig +754 -481
package/src/lib/gen2/README.md +12 -13
package/src/lib/gen2/data/items.zig +3 -3
package/src/lib/gen2/data/moves.zig +1 -1
package/src/lib/gen2/data/species.zig +1 -1
package/src/lib/gen2/data/types.zig +3 -3
package/src/lib/gen2/data.zig +33 -22
package/src/lib/gen2/helpers.zig +9 -11
package/src/lib/gen2/mechanics.zig +5 -4
package/src/lib/pkmn.zig +61 -2

package/src/lib/gen1/mechanics.zig CHANGED Viewed

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 const std = @import("std");
+const pkmn = @import("../pkmn.zig");
 const common = @import("../common/data.zig");
 const DEBUG = @import("../common/debug.zig").print;
-const options = @import("../common/options.zig");
 const protocol = @import("../common/protocol.zig");
 const rng = @import("../common/rng.zig");
+const Action = @import("chance.zig").Action;
 const data = @import("data.zig");
 const assert = std.debug.assert;
@@ -17,7 +20,7 @@ const ID = common.ID;
 const Player = common.Player;
 const Result = common.Result;
-const showdown = options.showdown;
+const showdown = pkmn.options.showdown;
 const Boost = protocol.Boost;
 const Damage = protocol.Damage;
@@ -58,9 +61,13 @@ const MAX_STAT_VALUE = 999;
 const DISTRIBUTION = [_]u3{ 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5 };
-pub fn update(battle: anytype, c1: Choice, c2: Choice, log: anytype) !Result {
+pub fn update(battle: anytype, c1: Choice, c2: Choice, options: anytype) !Result {
+    // FIXME
+    // std.debug.print("\n", .{});
+    // DEBUG(battle.turn);
+    // std.debug.print("// ", .{});
     assert(c1.type != .Pass or c2.type != .Pass or battle.turn == 0);
-    if (battle.turn == 0) return start(battle, log);
+    if (battle.turn == 0) return start(battle, options);
     var s1 = false;
     var s2 = false;
@@ -76,19 +83,19 @@ pub fn update(battle: anytype, c1: Choice, c2: Choice, log: anytype) !Result {
     var r1 = showdown and p1.active.volatiles.Binding and c2.type == .Switch;
     var r2 = showdown and p2.active.volatiles.Binding and c1.type == .Switch;
-    if (turnOrder(battle, c1, c2) == .P1) {
-        if (try doTurn(battle, .P1, c1, r1, s1, f1, .P2, c2, r2, s2, f2, log)) |r| return r;
+    if (try turnOrder(battle, c1, c2, options) == .P1) {
+        if (try doTurn(battle, .P1, c1, r1, s1, f1, .P2, c2, r2, s2, f2, options)) |r| return r;
     } else {
-        if (try doTurn(battle, .P2, c2, r2, s2, f2, .P1, c1, r1, s1, f1, log)) |r| return r;
+        if (try doTurn(battle, .P2, c2, r2, s2, f2, .P1, c1, r1, s1, f1, options)) |r| return r;
     }
     if (p1.active.volatiles.attacks == 0) p1.active.volatiles.Binding = false;
     if (p2.active.volatiles.attacks == 0) p2.active.volatiles.Binding = false;
-    return endTurn(battle, log);
+    return endTurn(battle, options);
 }
-fn start(battle: anytype, log: anytype) !Result {
+fn start(battle: anytype, options: anytype) !Result {
     const p1 = battle.side(.P1);
     const p2 = battle.side(.P2);
@@ -100,10 +107,10 @@ fn start(battle: anytype, log: anytype) !Result {
     assert(!showdown or p2_slot == 1);
     if (p2_slot == 0) return Result.Win;
-    try switchIn(battle, .P1, p1_slot, true, log);
-    try switchIn(battle, .P2, p2_slot, true, log);
+    try switchIn(battle, .P1, p1_slot, true, options);
+    try switchIn(battle, .P2, p2_slot, true, options);
-    return endTurn(battle, log);
+    return endTurn(battle, options);
 }
 fn findFirstAlive(side: *const Side) u8 {
@@ -126,7 +133,7 @@ fn selectMove(
     const stored = side.stored();
     assert(!isForced(side.active) or
-        (choice.type == .Move and choice.data == @boolToInt(showdown)));
+        (choice.type == .Move and choice.data == @intFromBool(showdown)));
     // pre-battle menu
     if (volatiles.Recharging) {
@@ -179,11 +186,7 @@ fn selectMove(
             assert(choice.data == 0);
             // GLITCH: https://glitchcity.wiki/Partial_trapping_move_Mirror_Move_link_battle_glitch
             if (foe_choice.type == .Switch) {
-                const slot = if (player == .P1)
-                    battle.last_moves.p1_index
-                else
-                    battle.last_moves.p2_index;
-                const last = side.active.move(@intCast(u4, slot));
+                const last = side.active.move(battle.lastMove(player).index);
                 if (last.id == .Metronome) side.last_selected_move = last.id;
                 if (last.id == .MirrorMove) return Result.Error;
             }
@@ -236,16 +239,12 @@ fn saveMove(battle: anytype, player: Player, choice: ?Choice) void {
             assert(showdown or move.pp != 0);
             side.last_selected_move = move.id;
-            if (player == .P1) {
-                battle.last_moves.p1_index = @intCast(u3, c.data);
-            } else {
-                battle.last_moves.p2_index = @intCast(u3, c.data);
-            }
+            battle.lastMove(player).index = @intCast(c.data);
         }
     }
 }
-fn switchIn(battle: anytype, player: Player, slot: u8, initial: bool, log: anytype) !void {
+fn switchIn(battle: anytype, player: Player, slot: u8, initial: bool, options: anytype) !void {
     var side = battle.side(player);
     var foe = battle.foe(player);
     var active = &side.active;
@@ -258,11 +257,7 @@ fn switchIn(battle: anytype, player: Player, slot: u8, initial: bool, log: anyty
     side.order[0] = side.order[slot - 1];
     side.order[slot - 1] = out;
-    if (player == .P1) {
-        battle.last_moves.p1_index = 1;
-    } else {
-        battle.last_moves.p2_index = 1;
-    }
+    battle.lastMove(player).index = 1;
     side.last_used_move = .None;
     foe.last_used_move = .None;
@@ -278,17 +273,18 @@ fn switchIn(battle: anytype, player: Player, slot: u8, initial: bool, log: anyty
     foe.active.volatiles.Binding = false;
-    try log.switched(battle.active(player), incoming);
+    try options.log.switched(battle.active(player), incoming);
+    options.chance.switched(player, side.order[0], out);
     if (showdown and incoming.status == Status.TOX) {
         incoming.status = Status.init(.PSN);
         // Technically, Pokémon Showdown adds these after *both* Pokémon have switched, but we'd
         // rather not clutter up turnOrder just for this (incorrect) log message
-        try log.status(battle.active(player), incoming.status, .Silent);
+        try options.log.status(battle.active(player), incoming.status, .Silent);
     }
 }
-fn turnOrder(battle: anytype, c1: Choice, c2: Choice) Player {
+fn turnOrder(battle: anytype, c1: Choice, c2: Choice, options: anytype) !Player {
     assert(c1.type != .Pass or c2.type != .Pass);
     if (c1.type == .Pass) return .P2;
@@ -322,7 +318,7 @@ fn turnOrder(battle: anytype, c1: Choice, c2: Choice) Player {
             battle.rng.advance(1);
         }
-        const p1 = Rolls.speedTie(battle);
+        const p1 = try Rolls.speedTie(battle, options);
         if (!showdown) return if (p1) .P1 else .P2;
         // Pokémon Showdown's "lockedmove" volatile's onBeforeTurn uses BattleQueue#changeAction,
@@ -353,7 +349,7 @@ fn doTurn(
     foe_rewrap: bool,
     foe_skip: bool,
     foe_from: ?Move,
-    log: anytype,
+    options: anytype,
 ) !?Result {
     assert(player_choice.type != .Pass);
@@ -367,19 +363,22 @@ fn doTurn(
         player_skip,
         player_from,
         &residual,
-        log,
+        options,
     )) |r| return r;
     if (!replace) {
         if (player_choice.type != .Switch) {
-            if (try checkFaint(battle, foe_player, log)) |r| return r;
+            if (try checkFaint(battle, foe_player, options)) |r| return r;
         }
-        if (residual) try handleResidual(battle, player, log);
-        if (try checkFaint(battle, player, log)) |r| return r;
+        if (residual) try handleResidual(battle, player, options);
+        if (try checkFaint(battle, player, options)) |r| return r;
     } else if (foe_choice.type == .Pass) return null;
+    options.chance.clearPending();
     residual = true;
     replace = battle.side(foe_player).stored().hp == 0;
-    if (try executeMove(
+    const calc = pkmn.options.calc and foe_choice.type == .Pass;
+    if (if (calc) null else try executeMove(
         battle,
         foe_player,
         foe_choice,
@@ -387,14 +386,14 @@ fn doTurn(
         foe_skip,
         foe_from,
         &residual,
-        log,
+        options,
     )) |r| return r;
     if (!replace) {
-        if (foe_choice.type != .Switch) {
-            if (try checkFaint(battle, player, log)) |r| return r;
+        if (!calc and foe_choice.type != .Switch) {
+            if (try checkFaint(battle, player, options)) |r| return r;
         }
-        if (residual) try handleResidual(battle, foe_player, log);
-        if (try checkFaint(battle, foe_player, log)) |r| return r;
+        if (residual) try handleResidual(battle, foe_player, options);
+        if (try checkFaint(battle, foe_player, options)) |r| return r;
     }
     // Flinch is bugged on Pokémon Showdown because it gets implemented with a duration which causes
@@ -415,12 +414,12 @@ fn executeMove(
     skip: bool,
     from: ?Move,
     residual: *bool,
-    log: anytype,
+    options: anytype,
 ) !?Result {
     var side = battle.side(player);
     if (choice.type == .Switch) {
-        try switchIn(battle, player, @intCast(u4, choice.data), false, log);
+        try switchIn(battle, player, choice.data, false, options);
         return null;
     }
@@ -430,13 +429,13 @@ fn executeMove(
     if (side.last_selected_move == .SKIP_TURN) {
         assert(!showdown);
         if (battle.foe(player).active.volatiles.Binding) {
-            try log.cant(battle.active(player), .Bound);
+            try options.log.cant(battle.active(player), .Bound);
         }
         return null;
     }
     assert(choice.type == .Move);
-    var mslot = @intCast(u4, choice.data);
+    var mslot: u4 = @intCast(choice.data);
     // Sadly, we can't even check `Move.get(side.last_selected_move).effect == .Binding` here
     // because Pokémon Showdown's Mirror Move implementation clobbers side.last_selected_move
     var auto = showdown and side.last_selected_move != .None;
@@ -445,10 +444,7 @@ fn executeMove(
     if (mslot == 0 and side.last_selected_move != .None and side.last_selected_move != .Struggle) {
         // choice.data == 0 only happens with Struggle on Pokémon Showdown
         assert(!showdown);
-        mslot = @intCast(u4, if (player == .P1)
-            battle.last_moves.p1_index
-        else
-            battle.last_moves.p2_index);
+        mslot = @intCast(battle.lastMove(player).index);
         const stored = side.stored();
         // GLITCH: Struggle bypass PP underflow via Hyper Beam / Trapping-switch auto selection
         auto = side.last_selected_move == .HyperBeam or side.active.volatiles.Bide or
@@ -469,15 +465,12 @@ fn executeMove(
     } else if (showdown and side.active.volatiles.Charging) {
         // Incorrect mslot with Pokémon Showdown choice semantics so we need to recover from index
         assert(mslot == 1);
-        mslot = @intCast(u4, if (player == .P1)
-            battle.last_moves.p1_index
-        else
-            battle.last_moves.p2_index);
+        mslot = @intCast(battle.lastMove(player).index);
     }
     var skip_can = false;
     var skip_pp = false;
-    switch (try beforeMove(battle, player, skip, from, residual, log)) {
+    switch (try beforeMove(battle, player, skip, from, residual, options)) {
         .done => return null,
         .skip_can => skip_can = true,
         .skip_pp => skip_pp = true,
@@ -485,11 +478,11 @@ fn executeMove(
         .err => return @as(?Result, Result.Error),
     }
-    if (!skip_can and !try canMove(battle, player, mslot, auto, skip_pp, from, residual, log)) {
+    if (!skip_can and !try canMove(battle, player, mslot, auto, skip_pp, from, residual, options)) {
         return null;
     }
-    return doMove(battle, player, mslot, rewrap, auto, residual, log);
+    return doMove(battle, player, mslot, rewrap, auto, residual, options);
 }
 const BeforeMove = enum { done, skip_can, skip_pp, ok, err };
@@ -500,8 +493,9 @@ fn beforeMove(
     skip: bool,
     from: ?Move,
     residual: *bool,
-    log: anytype,
+    options: anytype,
 ) !BeforeMove {
+    var log = options.log;
     var side = battle.side(player);
     const foe = battle.foe(player);
     var active = &side.active;
@@ -510,11 +504,21 @@ fn beforeMove(
     var volatiles = &active.volatiles;
     if (Status.is(stored.status, .SLP)) {
-        const status = stored.status;
+        const before = stored.status;
         // Even if the EXT bit is set this will still correctly modify the sleep duration
-        stored.status -= 1;
-        if (Status.duration(stored.status) == 0) {
-            try log.curestatus(ident, status, .Message);
+        if (options.calc.modify(player, .sleep)) |extend| {
+            if (!extend) stored.status = 0;
+        } else {
+            stored.status -= 1;
+        }
+        const duration = Status.duration(stored.status);
+        if (!Status.is(stored.status, .EXT)) {
+            try options.chance.sleep(player, duration);
+        }
+        if (duration == 0) {
+            try log.curestatus(ident, before, .Message);
             stored.status = 0; // clears EXT if present
         } else {
             try log.cant(ident, .Sleep);
@@ -549,14 +553,20 @@ fn beforeMove(
     }
     if (volatiles.disabled_duration > 0) {
-        volatiles.disabled_duration -= 1;
+        if (options.calc.modify(player, .disable)) |extend| {
+            if (!extend) volatiles.disabled_duration = 0;
+        } else {
+            volatiles.disabled_duration -= 1;
+        }
+        try options.chance.disable(player, volatiles.disabled_duration);
         if (volatiles.disabled_duration == 0) {
             volatiles.disabled_move = 0;
             try log.end(ident, .Disable);
         }
     }
     // Pokémon Showdown's disable condition has a single onBeforeMove handler
-    if (showdown and try disabled(side, ident, log)) return .done;
+    if (showdown and try disabled(side, ident, options)) return .done;
     // This can only happen if a Pokémon started the battle frozen/sleeping and was thawed/woken
     // before the side had a selected a move - we simply need to assume this leads to a desync
@@ -568,14 +578,20 @@ fn beforeMove(
     if (volatiles.Confusion) {
         assert(volatiles.confusion > 0);
-        volatiles.confusion -= 1;
+        if (options.calc.modify(player, .confusion)) |extend| {
+            if (!extend) volatiles.confusion = 0;
+        } else {
+            volatiles.confusion -= 1;
+        }
+        try options.chance.confusion(player, volatiles.confusion);
         if (volatiles.confusion == 0) {
             volatiles.Confusion = false;
             try log.end(ident, .Confusion);
         } else {
             try log.activate(ident, .Confusion);
-            if (Rolls.confused(battle)) {
+            if (try Rolls.confused(battle, player, options)) {
                 assert(!volatiles.MultiHit);
                 if (!volatiles.Rage) volatiles.state = 0;
                 volatiles.Bide = false;
@@ -585,6 +601,7 @@ fn beforeMove(
                 volatiles.Charging = false;
                 volatiles.Binding = false;
                 volatiles.Invulnerable = false;
+                options.chance.clearDurations(player, null);
                 {
                     // This feels (and is) disgusting but the cartridge literally just overwrites
                     // the opponent's defense with the user's defense and resets it after. As a
@@ -604,7 +621,7 @@ fn beforeMove(
                 const uncapped = battle.last_damage;
                 // Skipping adjustDamage / randomizeDamage / checkHit
-                _ = try applyDamage(battle, player, target, .Confusion, log);
+                _ = try applyDamage(battle, player, target, .Confusion, options);
                 // Pokémon Showdown thinks that confusion damage is uncapped ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
                 if (showdown) battle.last_damage = uncapped;
@@ -613,14 +630,15 @@ fn beforeMove(
         }
     }
-    if (!showdown and try disabled(side, ident, log)) return .done;
+    if (!showdown and try disabled(side, ident, options)) return .done;
-    if (Status.is(stored.status, .PAR) and Rolls.paralyzed(battle)) {
+    if (Status.is(stored.status, .PAR) and try Rolls.paralyzed(battle, player, options)) {
         if (!volatiles.Rage) volatiles.state = 0;
         volatiles.Bide = false;
         volatiles.Thrashing = false;
         volatiles.Charging = false;
         volatiles.Binding = false;
+        options.chance.clearDurations(player, null);
         // GLITCH: Invulnerable is not cleared, resulting in permanent Fly/Dig invulnerability
         try log.cant(ident, .Paralysis);
         return .done;
@@ -640,7 +658,13 @@ fn beforeMove(
         assert(volatiles.attacks > 0);
-        volatiles.attacks -= 1;
+        if (options.calc.modify(player, .attacking)) |extend| {
+            if (!extend) volatiles.attacks = 0;
+        } else {
+            volatiles.attacks -= 1;
+        }
+        try options.chance.attacking(player, volatiles.attacks);
         if (volatiles.attacks != 0) {
             try log.activate(ident, .Bide);
             return .done;
@@ -658,15 +682,15 @@ fn beforeMove(
         }
         const sub = showdown and foe.active.volatiles.Substitute;
-        _ = try applyDamage(battle, player.foe(), player.foe(), .None, log);
-        if (foe.stored().hp > 0 and !sub) try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), log);
+        _ = try applyDamage(battle, player.foe(), player.foe(), .None, options);
+        if (foe.stored().hp > 0 and !sub) try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), options);
         // For reasons passing understanding, Pokémon Showdown still inflicts residual damage to
         // Bide's user even if the above damage has caused the foe to faint. It's simpler to always
         // run residual here regardless of whether the foe fainted and opt-out of the default flow
         if (showdown) {
             residual.* = false;
-            try handleResidual(battle, player, log);
+            try handleResidual(battle, player, options);
         }
         return .done;
@@ -675,8 +699,15 @@ fn beforeMove(
     if (volatiles.Thrashing) {
         assert(volatiles.attacks > 0);
         assert(from != null);
-        volatiles.attacks -= 1;
-        if (!showdown and handleThrashing(battle, active)) {
+        if (options.calc.modify(player, .attacking)) |extend| {
+            if (!extend) volatiles.attacks = 0;
+        } else {
+            volatiles.attacks -= 1;
+        }
+        try options.chance.attacking(player, volatiles.attacks);
+        if (!showdown and handleThrashing(battle, active, player, options)) {
             try log.start(battle.active(player), .ConfusionSilent);
         }
         try log.move(ident, side.last_selected_move, battle.active(player.foe()), from);
@@ -684,7 +715,7 @@ fn beforeMove(
             // This shouldn't actually set last_used_move, but Pokémon Showdown sets last
             // used in useMove and doesn't have the notion of skipping canMove semantics
             side.last_used_move = side.last_selected_move;
-            if (handleThrashing(battle, active)) {
+            if (handleThrashing(battle, active, player, options)) {
                 try log.start(battle.active(player), .ConfusionSilent);
             }
         }
@@ -693,7 +724,14 @@ fn beforeMove(
     if (volatiles.Binding) {
         assert(volatiles.attacks > 0);
-        volatiles.attacks -= 1;
+        if (options.calc.modify(player, .binding)) |extend| {
+            if (!extend) volatiles.attacks = 0;
+        } else {
+            volatiles.attacks -= 1;
+        }
+        try options.chance.binding(player, volatiles.attacks);
         try log.move(
             battle.active(player),
             side.last_selected_move,
@@ -702,9 +740,9 @@ fn beforeMove(
         );
         if (showdown or battle.last_damage != 0) {
             const sub = showdown and foe.active.volatiles.Substitute;
-            _ = try applyDamage(battle, player.foe(), player.foe(), .None, log);
+            _ = try applyDamage(battle, player.foe(), player.foe(), .None, options);
             if (battle.foe(player).stored().hp > 0 and !sub) {
-                try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), log);
+                try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), options);
             }
         }
         return .done;
@@ -721,7 +759,7 @@ fn canMove(
     skip_pp: bool,
     from: ?Move,
     residual: *bool,
-    log: anytype,
+    options: anytype,
 ) !bool {
     var side = battle.side(player);
     const player_ident = battle.active(player);
@@ -736,9 +774,9 @@ fn canMove(
         side.active.volatiles.Charging = false;
         side.active.volatiles.Invulnerable = false;
     } else if (move.effect == .Charge) {
-        try log.move(player_ident, side.last_selected_move, .{}, from);
+        try options.log.move(player_ident, side.last_selected_move, .{}, from);
         setCounterable(battle, player, side, move);
-        try Effects.charge(battle, player, log);
+        try Effects.charge(battle, player, options);
         return false;
     }
@@ -753,19 +791,19 @@ fn canMove(
     // relevant for control flow, but we don't have anything useful to put in the log. This is
     // regrettable, but this information is more "nice to have" than required
     const f = if (from != null and from.? == .None) null else from;
-    try log.move(player_ident, side.last_selected_move, battle.active(target), f);
+    try options.log.move(player_ident, side.last_selected_move, battle.active(target), f);
     setCounterable(battle, player, side, move);
     if (move.effect.onBegin()) {
-        try onBegin(battle, player, move, mslot, residual, log);
+        try onBegin(battle, player, move, mslot, residual, options);
         return false;
     }
     if (move.effect == .Thrashing) {
-        Effects.thrashing(battle, player);
+        Effects.thrashing(battle, player, options);
     } else if (!showdown and move.effect == .Binding) {
         // Pokémon Showdown handles this after hit/miss checks and damage calculation
-        Effects.binding(battle, player, false);
+        try Effects.binding(battle, player, false, options);
     }
     return true;
@@ -779,11 +817,7 @@ fn setCounterable(battle: anytype, player: Player, side: *Side, move: Move.Data)
     // as the desync results from actually having two separate battle states that subtly disagree
     const counterable = side.last_selected_move != .Counter and move.bp > 0 and
         (move.type == .Normal or move.type == .Fighting);
-    if (player == .P1) {
-        battle.last_moves.p1_counterable = @boolToInt(counterable);
-    } else {
-        battle.last_moves.p2_counterable = @boolToInt(counterable);
-    }
+    battle.lastMove(player).counterable = @intFromBool(counterable);
 }
 fn decrementPP(side: *Side, mslot: u4, auto: bool) void {
@@ -796,11 +830,11 @@ fn decrementPP(side: *Side, mslot: u4, auto: bool) void {
     if (volatiles.Bide) return;
     assert(active.move(mslot).pp > 0 or auto);
-    active.move(mslot).pp = @intCast(u6, active.move(mslot).pp) -% 1;
+    active.move(mslot).pp = @as(u6, @intCast(active.move(mslot).pp)) -% 1;
     if (volatiles.Transform) return;
     assert(side.stored().move(mslot).pp > 0 or auto);
-    side.stored().move(mslot).pp = @intCast(u6, side.stored().move(mslot).pp) -% 1;
+    side.stored().move(mslot).pp = @as(u6, @intCast(side.stored().move(mslot).pp)) -% 1;
     assert(active.move(mslot).pp == side.stored().move(mslot).pp);
 }
@@ -808,12 +842,12 @@ fn incrementPP(side: *Side, mslot: u4) void {
     var active = &side.active;
     const volatiles = &active.volatiles;
-    active.move(mslot).pp = @intCast(u6, active.move(mslot).pp) +% 1;
+    active.move(mslot).pp = @as(u6, @intCast(active.move(mslot).pp)) +% 1;
     // GLITCH: No check for Transform means an empty/incorrect stored slot can get incremented
     if (showdown and volatiles.Transform) return;
     assert(mslot > 0 and mslot <= 4);
-    side.stored().moves[mslot - 1].pp = @intCast(u6, side.stored().moves[mslot - 1].pp) +% 1;
+    side.stored().moves[mslot - 1].pp = @as(u6, @intCast(side.stored().moves[mslot - 1].pp)) +% 1;
 }
 // Pokémon Showdown does hit/multi/crit/damage instead of crit/damage/hit/multi
@@ -824,8 +858,9 @@ fn doMove(
     rewrap: bool,
     auto: bool,
     residual: *bool,
-    log: anytype,
+    options: anytype,
 ) !?Result {
+    var log = options.log;
     var side = battle.side(player);
     const foe = battle.foe(player);
@@ -840,23 +875,27 @@ fn doMove(
     var hits: u4 = 1;
     var effectiveness = Effectiveness.neutral;
+    // Due to control flow shenanigans we need to clear last_damage for Pokémon Showdown
+    if (showdown and !counter) battle.last_damage = 0;
     // The cartridge handles set damage moves in applyDamage but we short circuit to simplify things
     if (move.effect == .SuperFang or move.effect == .SpecialDamage) {
-        return specialDamage(battle, player, move, log);
+        return specialDamage(battle, player, move, options);
     }
     // Pokémon Showdown runs invulnerability / immunity checks before checking accuracy - simply
     // calling moveHit early covers most of that but we also need to check type immunity first
     var miss = showdown and miss: {
         immune = move.target != .Self and !status and !counter and
-            (@enumToInt(move.type.effectiveness(foe.active.types.type1)) == 0 or
-            @enumToInt(move.type.effectiveness(foe.active.types.type2)) == 0);
+            (@intFromEnum(move.type.effectiveness(foe.active.types.type1)) == 0 or
+            @intFromEnum(move.type.effectiveness(foe.active.types.type2)) == 0);
         if (immune and move.effect != .Binding) break :miss true;
         if (move.effect == .OHKO and side.active.stats.spe < foe.active.stats.spe) {
             battle.last_damage = 0;
             break :miss true;
         }
-        break :miss move.target != .Self and !moveHit(battle, player, move, &immune, &mist);
+        break :miss (move.target != .Self and
+            !moveHit(battle, player, move, &immune, &mist, options));
     };
     assert(!immune or miss or (showdown and move.effect == .Binding));
@@ -864,16 +903,16 @@ fn doMove(
     const skip = status or immune;
     if ((!showdown or (!skip or counter)) and !miss) blk: {
         if (showdown and move.effect.isMulti()) {
-            Effects.multiHit(battle, player, move);
+            try Effects.multiHit(battle, player, move, options);
             hits = side.active.volatiles.attacks;
             late = false;
         }
         // Cartridge rolls for crit even for moves that can't crit (Counter/Metronome/status/OHKO)
         const check = !showdown or (!counter and move.effect != .OHKO);
-        if (check) crit = checkCriticalHit(battle, player, move);
+        if (check) crit = try checkCriticalHit(battle, player, move, options);
-        if (counter) return counterDamage(battle, player, move, log);
+        if (counter) return counterDamage(battle, player, move, options);
         battle.last_damage = 0;
@@ -895,17 +934,15 @@ fn doMove(
                 effectiveness = adjustDamage(battle, player);
                 immune = effectiveness == 0;
             }
-            randomizeDamage(battle);
+            try randomizeDamage(battle, player, options);
         }
     }
-    // Due to control flow shenanigans we need to clear last_damage for Pokémon Showdown
-    if (showdown and skip) battle.last_damage = 0;
+    var zero = battle.last_damage == 0;
     miss = if (showdown or skip)
         miss
     else
-        (!moveHit(battle, player, move, &immune, &mist) or battle.last_damage == 0);
+        (!moveHit(battle, player, move, &immune, &mist, options) or zero);
     assert(showdown or miss or battle.last_damage > 0 or skip);
     assert((!showdown and miss) or !(ohko and immune));
@@ -913,11 +950,11 @@ fn doMove(
     if (!showdown or !miss) {
         if (move.effect == .MirrorMove) {
-            return mirrorMove(battle, player, mslot, rewrap, auto, residual, log);
+            return mirrorMove(battle, player, mslot, rewrap, auto, residual, options);
         } else if (move.effect == .Metronome) {
-            return metronome(battle, player, mslot, rewrap, auto, residual, log);
+            return metronome(battle, player, mslot, rewrap, auto, residual, options);
         } else if (move.effect.onEnd()) {
-            try onEnd(battle, player, move, log);
+            try onEnd(battle, player, move, options);
             return null;
         }
     }
@@ -936,29 +973,34 @@ fn doMove(
             if (!foe.active.volatiles.Substitute) try log.activate(foe_ident, .Mist);
             try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
         } else {
+            if (showdown or !zero) try options.chance.commit(player, .miss);
             try log.lastmiss();
             try log.miss(battle.active(player));
         }
         if (move.effect == .JumpKick) {
             // Recoil is supposed to be damage/8 but damage will always be 0 here
-            assert(battle.last_damage == 0);
+            assert(showdown or battle.last_damage == 0);
             battle.last_damage = 1;
-            _ = try applyDamage(battle, player, player.foe(), .None, log);
+            _ = try applyDamage(battle, player, player.foe(), .None, options);
             if (showdown and side.stored().hp == 0) residual.* = false;
         } else if (move.effect == .Explode) {
             try Effects.explode(battle, player);
-            try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), log);
+            try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), options);
         } else if (showdown and move.effect == .Disable) {
-            try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), log);
+            try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), options);
+        } else if (!showdown and immune and move.effect == .Binding) {
+            try options.chance.commit(player, .binding);
         }
         return null;
+    } else {
+        try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
     }
     // On the cartridge MultiHit doesn't get set up until after damage has been applied for the
     // first time but its more convenient and efficient to set it up here (Pokémon Showdown sets
     // it up above before damage calculation).
     if (!showdown and move.effect.isMulti()) {
-        Effects.multiHit(battle, player, move);
+        try Effects.multiHit(battle, player, move, options);
         hits = side.active.volatiles.attacks;
     }
@@ -976,11 +1018,13 @@ fn doMove(
                 try log.resisted(battle.active(player.foe()));
             }
         }
-        if (!skip) nullified = try applyDamage(battle, player.foe(), player.foe(), .None, log);
+        if (!skip) nullified = try applyDamage(battle, player.foe(), player.foe(), .None, options);
         if (hit == 0 and ohko) try log.ohko();
         hit += 1;
         if (foe.stored().hp == 0) break;
-        if (!late and (!sub or move.effect == .Explode)) try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), log);
+        if (!late and (!sub or move.effect == .Explode)) {
+            try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), options);
+        }
         // If the substitute breaks during a multi-hit attack, the attack ends
         if (nullified) break;
     }
@@ -990,13 +1034,13 @@ fn doMove(
         assert(nullified or foe.stored().hp == 0 or side.active.volatiles.attacks - hit == 0);
         side.active.volatiles.attacks = 0;
         if (showdown and move.effect == .Twineedle and !nullified and foe.stored().hp > 0) {
-            try Effects.poison(battle, player, Move.get(.PoisonSting), log);
+            try Effects.poison(battle, player, Move.get(.PoisonSting), options);
         }
         try log.hitcount(battle.active(player.foe()), hit);
     } else if (showdown) {
         // This should be handled much earlier but Pokémon Showdown does it here... ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
         if (move.effect == .Binding) {
-            Effects.binding(battle, player, rewrap);
+            try Effects.binding(battle, player, rewrap, options);
             if (immune) {
                 battle.last_damage = 0;
                 assert(foe.stored().hp > 0);
@@ -1005,7 +1049,7 @@ fn doMove(
                     try log.activate(battle.active(player.foe()), .Substitute);
                 } else {
                     try log.damage(battle.active(player.foe()), foe.stored(), .None);
-                    try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), log);
+                    try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), options);
                 }
                 return null;
             }
@@ -1019,12 +1063,12 @@ fn doMove(
     // On the cartridge, "always happen" effect handlers are called in the applyDamage loop above,
     // but this is only done to setup the MultiHit looping in the first place. Moving the MultiHit
     // setup before the loop means we can avoid having to waste time doing no-op handler searches.
-    if (move.effect.alwaysHappens()) try alwaysHappens(battle, player, move, residual, log);
+    if (move.effect.alwaysHappens()) try alwaysHappens(battle, player, move, residual, options);
     if (foe.stored().hp == 0) return null;
     // Pokémon Showdown builds Rage at the wrong time for non-MultiHit move
-    if (late and !sub and move.effect != .Disable) try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), log);
+    if (late and !sub and move.effect != .Disable) try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), options);
     if (!move.effect.isSpecial()) {
         // On the cartridge Rage is not considered to be "special" and thus gets executed for a
@@ -1035,29 +1079,29 @@ fn doMove(
         // Twineedle secondary effect in the MultiHit cleanup block above because it incorrectly
         // puts the |-status| message before |-hitcount| instead of after.
         if (move.effect == .Twineedle) {
-            if (!showdown) try Effects.poison(battle, player, Move.get(.PoisonSting), log);
+            if (!showdown) try Effects.poison(battle, player, Move.get(.PoisonSting), options);
         } else if (move.effect == .Disable) {
-            const result = try Effects.disable(battle, player, move, log);
-            if (showdown) try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), log);
+            const result = try Effects.disable(battle, player, move, options);
+            if (showdown) try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), options);
             return result;
         } else {
-            try moveEffect(battle, player, move, log);
+            try moveEffect(battle, player, move, options);
         }
     }
     return null;
 }
-fn checkCriticalHit(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data) bool {
+fn checkCriticalHit(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !bool {
     const side = battle.side(player);
     // Base speed is used for the critical hit calculation, even when Transform-ed
-    var chance = @as(u16, Species.chance(side.stored().species));
-    // GLITCH: Focus Energy reduces critical hit chance instead of increasing it
-    chance = if (side.active.volatiles.FocusEnergy) chance / 2 else @min(chance * 2, 255);
-    chance = if (move.effect == .HighCritical) @min(chance * 4, 255) else chance / 2;
+    var rate = @as(u16, Species.chance(side.stored().species));
+    // GLITCH: Focus Energy reduces critical hit rate instead of increasing it
+    rate = if (side.active.volatiles.FocusEnergy) rate / 2 else @min(rate * 2, 255);
+    rate = if (move.effect == .HighCritical) @min(rate * 4, 255) else rate / 2;
-    return Rolls.criticalHit(battle, chance);
+    return Rolls.criticalHit(battle, player, @intCast(rate), options);
 }
 fn calcDamage(
@@ -1123,7 +1167,7 @@ fn calcDamage(
     d = @min(997, d);
     d += 2;
-    battle.last_damage = @intCast(u16, d);
+    battle.last_damage = @intCast(d);
     return true;
 }
@@ -1137,9 +1181,9 @@ fn adjustDamage(battle: anytype, player: Player) u16 {
     var d = battle.last_damage;
     if (side.active.types.includes(move.type)) d +%= d / 2;
-    const neutral = @enumToInt(Effectiveness.Neutral);
-    const eff1: u16 = @enumToInt(move.type.effectiveness(types.type1));
-    const eff2: u16 = @enumToInt(move.type.effectiveness(types.type2));
+    const neutral = @intFromEnum(Effectiveness.Neutral);
+    const eff1: u16 = @intFromEnum(move.type.effectiveness(types.type1));
+    const eff2: u16 = @intFromEnum(move.type.effectiveness(types.type2));
     // Type effectiveness matchup precedence only matters with (NVE, SE)
     if (!showdown and (eff1 + eff2) == Effectiveness.mismatch and
@@ -1159,17 +1203,20 @@ fn adjustDamage(battle: anytype, player: Player) u16 {
     return if (types.type1 == types.type2) eff1 * neutral else eff1 * eff2;
 }
-fn randomizeDamage(battle: anytype) void {
+fn randomizeDamage(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
     if (battle.last_damage <= 1) return;
-    const random = Rolls.damage(battle);
-    battle.last_damage = @intCast(u16, @as(u32, battle.last_damage) *% random / 255);
+    const random = try Rolls.damage(battle, player, options);
+    options.calc.base(player.foe(), battle.last_damage);
+    battle.last_damage = @intCast(@as(u32, battle.last_damage) *% random / 255);
+    options.calc.final(player.foe(), battle.last_damage);
 }
-fn specialDamage(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !?Result {
+fn specialDamage(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !?Result {
     const side = battle.side(player);
     const foe = battle.foe(player);
-    if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) return null;
+    if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) return null;
+    try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
     battle.last_damage = switch (side.last_selected_move) {
         .SuperFang => @max(foe.stored().hp / 2, 1),
@@ -1178,10 +1225,10 @@ fn specialDamage(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype)
         .DragonRage => 40,
         // GLITCH: if power = 0 then a desync occurs (or a miss on Pokémon Showdown)
         .Psywave => power: {
-            const max = @intCast(u8, @as(u16, side.stored().level) * 3 / 2);
+            const max: u8 = @intCast(@as(u16, side.stored().level) * 3 / 2);
             // GLITCH: Psywave infinite glitch loop
             if (!showdown and max <= 1) return Result.Error;
-            break :power Rolls.psywave(battle, max);
+            break :power try Rolls.psywave(battle, player, max, options);
         },
         else => unreachable,
     };
@@ -1189,17 +1236,17 @@ fn specialDamage(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype)
     if (battle.last_damage == 0) return if (showdown) null else Result.Error;
     const sub = showdown and foe.active.volatiles.Substitute;
-    _ = try applyDamage(battle, player.foe(), player.foe(), .None, log);
-    if (battle.foe(player).stored().hp > 0 and !sub) try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), log);
+    _ = try applyDamage(battle, player.foe(), player.foe(), .None, options);
+    if (battle.foe(player).stored().hp > 0 and !sub) try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), options);
     return null;
 }
-fn counterDamage(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !?Result {
+fn counterDamage(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !?Result {
     const foe = battle.foe(player);
     if (battle.last_damage == 0) {
-        try log.fail(battle.active(player), .None);
+        try options.log.fail(battle.active(player), .None);
         return null;
     }
@@ -1210,36 +1257,33 @@ fn counterDamage(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype)
     else
         foe.last_selected_move);
-    const used = (if (player.foe() == .P1)
-        battle.last_moves.p1_counterable
-    else
-        battle.last_moves.p2_counterable) != 0;
+    const used = battle.lastMove(player.foe()).counterable != 0;
     const selected = foe_last_selected_move.bp > 0 and
         foe.last_selected_move != .Counter and
         (foe_last_selected_move.type == .Normal or
         foe_last_selected_move.type == .Fighting);
     if (!used and !selected) {
-        try log.fail(battle.active(player), .None);
+        try options.log.fail(battle.active(player), .None);
         return null;
     }
     if (!used or !selected) {
         // GLITCH: Counter desync (covered by Desync Clause Mod on Pokémon Showdown)
         if (!showdown) return Result.Error;
-        try log.fail(battle.active(player), .None);
+        try options.log.fail(battle.active(player), .None);
         return null;
     }
     battle.last_damage *|= 2;
     // Pokémon Showdown calls checkHit before Counter
-    if (!showdown and !try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) return null;
+    if (!showdown and !try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) return null;
+    try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
     const sub = showdown and foe.active.volatiles.Substitute;
-    _ = try applyDamage(battle, player.foe(), player.foe(), .None, log);
-    if (battle.foe(player).stored().hp > 0 and !sub) try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), log);
+    _ = try applyDamage(battle, player.foe(), player.foe(), .None, options);
+    if (battle.foe(player).stored().hp > 0 and !sub) try buildRage(battle, player.foe(), options);
     return null;
 }
@@ -1248,7 +1292,7 @@ fn applyDamage(
     target_player: Player,
     sub_player: Player,
     reason: Damage,
-    log: anytype,
+    options: anytype,
 ) !bool {
     assert(showdown or battle.last_damage != 0);
@@ -1263,19 +1307,20 @@ fn applyDamage(
             subbed.active.volatiles.substitute = 0;
             subbed.active.volatiles.Substitute = false;
             // battle.last_damage is not updated with the amount of HP the Substitute had
-            try log.end(battle.active(sub_player), .Substitute);
+            try options.log.end(battle.active(sub_player), .Substitute);
+            options.calc.capped(target_player);
             return true;
         } else {
             // Safe to truncate since less than subbed.volatiles.substitute which is a u8
-            subbed.active.volatiles.substitute -= @intCast(u8, battle.last_damage);
-            try log.activate(battle.active(sub_player), .Substitute);
+            subbed.active.volatiles.substitute -= @intCast(battle.last_damage);
+            try options.log.activate(battle.active(sub_player), .Substitute);
             return false;
         }
     }
     if (battle.last_damage > target.stored().hp) battle.last_damage = target.stored().hp;
     target.stored().hp -= battle.last_damage;
-    try log.damage(battle.active(target_player), target.stored(), reason);
+    try options.log.damage(battle.active(target_player), target.stored(), reason);
     return false;
 }
@@ -1286,7 +1331,7 @@ fn mirrorMove(
     rewrap: bool,
     auto: bool,
     residual: *bool,
-    log: anytype,
+    options: anytype,
 ) !?Result {
     var side = battle.side(player);
     const foe = battle.foe(player);
@@ -1294,14 +1339,16 @@ fn mirrorMove(
     side.last_selected_move = foe.last_used_move;
     if (foe.last_used_move == .None or foe.last_used_move == .MirrorMove) {
-        try log.fail(battle.active(player), .None);
+        try options.log.fail(battle.active(player), .None);
         return null;
     } else if (!showdown or foe.last_used_move != .Struggle) {
         incrementPP(side, mslot);
     }
-    if (!try canMove(battle, player, mslot, auto, false, .MirrorMove, residual, log)) return null;
-    return doMove(battle, player, mslot, rewrap, auto, residual, log);
+    if (!try canMove(battle, player, mslot, auto, false, .MirrorMove, residual, options)) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    return doMove(battle, player, mslot, rewrap, auto, residual, options);
 }
 fn metronome(
@@ -1311,35 +1358,48 @@ fn metronome(
     rewrap: bool,
     auto: bool,
     residual: *bool,
-    log: anytype,
+    options: anytype,
 ) !?Result {
     var side = battle.side(player);
-    side.last_selected_move = Rolls.metronome(battle);
+    side.last_selected_move = try Rolls.metronome(battle, player, options);
     incrementPP(side, mslot);
-    if (!try canMove(battle, player, mslot, auto, false, .Metronome, residual, log)) return null;
-    return doMove(battle, player, mslot, rewrap, auto, residual, log);
+    if (!try canMove(battle, player, mslot, auto, false, .Metronome, residual, options)) {
+        return null;
+    }
+    return doMove(battle, player, mslot, rewrap, auto, residual, options);
 }
-fn checkHit(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !bool {
+fn checkHit(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !bool {
     var immune = false;
     var mist = false;
-    if (moveHit(battle, player, move, &immune, &mist)) return true;
+    if (moveHit(battle, player, move, &immune, &mist, options)) return true;
     assert(!immune);
     if (mist) {
         assert(!showdown);
         const foe_ident = battle.active(player.foe());
-        try log.activate(foe_ident, .Mist);
-        try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
+        try options.log.activate(foe_ident, .Mist);
+        try options.log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
     } else {
-        try log.lastmiss();
-        try log.miss(battle.active(player));
+        try options.chance.commit(player, .miss);
+        try options.log.lastmiss();
+        try options.log.miss(battle.active(player));
     }
     return false;
 }
-fn moveHit(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, immune: *bool, mist: *bool) bool {
+fn moveHit(
+    battle: anytype,
+    player: Player,
+    move: Move.Data,
+    immune: *bool,
+    mist: *bool,
+    options: anytype,
+) bool {
     var side = battle.side(player);
     const foe = battle.foe(player);
@@ -1379,9 +1439,9 @@ fn moveHit(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, immune: *bool, mist
         assert(!overwritten or (0 < state and state <= 255 and !side.active.volatiles.Bide));
         var accuracy = if (overwritten) state else @as(u16, Gen12.percent(move.accuracy));
-        var boost = BOOSTS[@intCast(u4, @as(i8, side.active.boosts.accuracy) + 6)];
+        var boost = BOOSTS[@as(u4, @intCast(@as(i8, side.active.boosts.accuracy) + 6))];
         accuracy = accuracy * boost[0] / boost[1];
-        boost = BOOSTS[@intCast(u4, @as(i8, -foe.active.boosts.evasion) + 6)];
+        boost = BOOSTS[@as(u4, @intCast(@as(i8, -foe.active.boosts.evasion) + 6))];
         accuracy = accuracy * boost[0] / boost[1];
         accuracy = @min(255, @max(1, accuracy));
@@ -1390,7 +1450,7 @@ fn moveHit(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, immune: *bool, mist
         if (overwrite) side.active.volatiles.state = accuracy;
         // GLITCH: max accuracy is 255 so 1/256 chance of miss
-        break :miss !Rolls.hit(battle, accuracy);
+        break :miss !Rolls.hit(battle, player, @intCast(accuracy), options);
     };
     // Pokémon Showdown reports miss instead of fail for moves blocked by Mist that 1/256 miss
@@ -1400,7 +1460,7 @@ fn moveHit(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, immune: *bool, mist
     }
     if (!miss) return true;
-    battle.last_damage = 0;
+    if (!showdown or !foe.active.volatiles.Invulnerable) battle.last_damage = 0;
     side.active.volatiles.Binding = false;
     return false;
 }
@@ -1408,8 +1468,8 @@ fn moveHit(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, immune: *bool, mist
 fn checkFaint(
     battle: anytype,
     player: Player,
-    log: anytype,
-) @TypeOf(log).Error!?Result {
+    options: anytype,
+) @TypeOf(options.log).Error!?Result {
     const side = battle.side(player);
     if (side.stored().hp > 0) return null;
@@ -1421,20 +1481,20 @@ fn checkFaint(
     const tie = player_out and foe_out;
     const more = tie or player_out or foe_out;
-    if (try faint(battle, player, log, !(more or foe_fainted))) |r| return r;
-    if (foe_fainted) if (try faint(battle, player.foe(), log, !more)) |r| return r;
+    if (try faint(battle, player, !(more or foe_fainted), options)) |r| return r;
+    if (foe_fainted) if (try faint(battle, player.foe(), !more, options)) |r| return r;
     assert(!side.active.volatiles.MultiHit);
     assert(!foe.active.volatiles.MultiHit);
     if (tie) {
-        try log.tie();
+        try options.log.tie();
         return Result.Tie;
     } else if (player_out) {
-        try log.win(player.foe());
+        try options.log.win(player.foe());
         return if (player == .P1) Result.Lose else Result.Win;
     } else if (foe_out) {
-        try log.win(player);
+        try options.log.win(player);
         return if (player == .P1) Result.Win else Result.Lose;
     }
@@ -1443,7 +1503,7 @@ fn checkFaint(
     return Result{ .p1 = foe_choice, .p2 = .Switch };
 }
-fn faint(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype, done: bool) !?Result {
+fn faint(battle: anytype, player: Player, done: bool, options: anytype) !?Result {
     var side = battle.side(player);
     var foe = battle.foe(player);
     assert(side.stored().hp == 0);
@@ -1476,11 +1536,12 @@ fn faint(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype, done: bool) !?Result {
             side.stored().stats.spe;
     }
-    try log.faint(battle.active(player), done);
+    try options.log.faint(battle.active(player), done);
+    options.calc.capped(player);
     return null;
 }
-fn handleResidual(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+fn handleResidual(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
     var side = battle.side(player);
     var stored = side.stored();
     const ident = battle.active(player);
@@ -1501,7 +1562,7 @@ fn handleResidual(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
         stored.hp -= amount;
         // Pokémon Showdown uses damageOf here but its not relevant in Generation I
-        try log.damage(ident, stored, if (brn) Damage.Burn else Damage.Poison);
+        try options.log.damage(ident, stored, if (brn) Damage.Burn else Damage.Poison);
     }
     if (volatiles.LeechSeed) {
@@ -1526,42 +1587,42 @@ fn handleResidual(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
         stored.hp -= amount;
         // As above, Pokémon Showdown uses damageOf but its not relevant
-        if (amount > 0) try log.damage(ident, stored, .LeechSeed);
+        if (amount > 0) try options.log.damage(ident, stored, .LeechSeed);
         const before = foe_stored.hp;
         // Uncapped damage is added back to the foe
         foe_stored.hp = @min(foe_stored.hp + damage, foe_stored.stats.hp);
         // Pokémon Showdown uses the less specific heal here instead of drain... because reasons?
-        if (foe_stored.hp > before) try log.heal(foe_ident, foe_stored, .Silent);
+        if (foe_stored.hp > before) try options.log.heal(foe_ident, foe_stored, .Silent);
     }
 }
-fn endTurn(battle: anytype, log: anytype) @TypeOf(log).Error!Result {
+fn endTurn(battle: anytype, options: anytype) @TypeOf(options.log).Error!Result {
     assert(!battle.side(.P1).active.volatiles.MultiHit);
     assert(!battle.side(.P2).active.volatiles.MultiHit);
     battle.turn += 1;
-    if (showdown and options.ebc and checkEBC(battle)) {
-        try log.tie();
+    if (showdown and pkmn.options.ebc and checkEBC(battle)) {
+        try options.log.tie();
         return Result.Tie;
     }
     if (showdown and battle.turn >= 1000) {
-        try log.tie();
+        try options.log.tie();
         return Result.Tie;
     } else if (battle.turn >= 65535) {
         return Result.Error;
     }
-    try log.turn(battle.turn);
+    try options.log.turn(battle.turn);
     return Result.Default;
 }
 fn checkEBC(battle: anytype) bool {
     for (battle.sides, 0..) |side, i| {
-        const foe = battle.sides[~@intCast(u1, i)];
+        const foe = battle.sides[~@as(u1, @intCast(i))];
         var foe_all_ghosts = true;
         var foe_all_transform = true;
@@ -1613,7 +1674,7 @@ fn checkEBC(battle: anytype) bool {
     return false;
 }
-fn disabled(side: *Side, ident: ID, log: anytype) !bool {
+fn disabled(side: *Side, ident: ID, options: anytype) !bool {
     if (side.active.volatiles.disabled_move != 0) {
         // A Pokémon that transforms after being disabled may end up with less move slots
         const m = side.active.moves[side.active.volatiles.disabled_move - 1].id;
@@ -1624,28 +1685,28 @@ fn disabled(side: *Side, ident: ID, log: anytype) !bool {
             side.last_selected_move;
         if (m != .None and m == last) {
             side.active.volatiles.Charging = false;
-            try log.disabled(ident, last);
+            try options.log.disabled(ident, last);
             return true;
         }
     }
     return false;
 }
-inline fn buildRage(battle: anytype, who: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+inline fn buildRage(battle: anytype, who: Player, options: anytype) !void {
     const side = battle.side(who);
     if (side.active.volatiles.Rage and side.active.boosts.atk < 6) {
-        try Effects.boost(battle, who, Move.get(.Rage), log);
+        try Effects.boost(battle, who, Move.get(.Rage), options);
     }
 }
-fn handleThrashing(battle: anytype, active: *ActivePokemon) bool {
+fn handleThrashing(battle: anytype, active: *ActivePokemon, player: Player, options: anytype) bool {
     var volatiles = &active.volatiles;
     assert(volatiles.Thrashing);
     if (volatiles.attacks > 0) return false;
     volatiles.Thrashing = false;
     volatiles.Confusion = true;
-    volatiles.confusion = Rolls.confusionDuration(battle);
+    volatiles.confusion = Rolls.confusionDuration(battle, player, true, options);
     return true;
 }
@@ -1655,42 +1716,42 @@ inline fn onBegin(
     move: Move.Data,
     mslot: u8,
     residual: *bool,
-    log: anytype,
+    options: anytype,
 ) !void {
     assert(move.effect.onBegin());
     return switch (move.effect) {
-        .Confusion => Effects.confusion(battle, player, move, log),
-        .Conversion => Effects.conversion(battle, player, log),
-        .FocusEnergy => Effects.focusEnergy(battle, player, log),
-        .Haze => Effects.haze(battle, player, log),
-        .Heal => Effects.heal(battle, player, log),
-        .LeechSeed => Effects.leechSeed(battle, player, move, log),
-        .LightScreen => Effects.lightScreen(battle, player, log),
-        .Mimic => Effects.mimic(battle, player, move, mslot, log),
-        .Mist => Effects.mist(battle, player, log),
-        .Paralyze => Effects.paralyze(battle, player, move, log),
-        .Poison => Effects.poison(battle, player, move, log),
-        .Reflect => Effects.reflect(battle, player, log),
-        .Splash => Effects.splash(battle, player, log),
-        .Substitute => Effects.substitute(battle, player, residual, log),
-        .SwitchAndTeleport => Effects.switchAndTeleport(battle, player, move, log),
-        .Transform => Effects.transform(battle, player, log),
+        .Confusion => Effects.confusion(battle, player, move, options),
+        .Conversion => Effects.conversion(battle, player, options),
+        .FocusEnergy => Effects.focusEnergy(battle, player, options),
+        .Haze => Effects.haze(battle, player, options),
+        .Heal => Effects.heal(battle, player, options),
+        .LeechSeed => Effects.leechSeed(battle, player, move, options),
+        .LightScreen => Effects.lightScreen(battle, player, options),
+        .Mimic => Effects.mimic(battle, player, move, mslot, options),
+        .Mist => Effects.mist(battle, player, options),
+        .Paralyze => Effects.paralyze(battle, player, move, options),
+        .Poison => Effects.poison(battle, player, move, options),
+        .Reflect => Effects.reflect(battle, player, options),
+        .Splash => Effects.splash(battle, player, options),
+        .Substitute => Effects.substitute(battle, player, residual, options),
+        .SwitchAndTeleport => Effects.switchAndTeleport(battle, player, move, options),
+        .Transform => Effects.transform(battle, player, options),
         else => unreachable,
     };
 }
-inline fn onEnd(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+inline fn onEnd(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
     assert(move.effect.onEnd());
     return switch (move.effect) {
-        .Bide => Effects.bide(battle, player, log),
+        .Bide => Effects.bide(battle, player, options),
         // zig fmt: off
         .AttackUp1, .AttackUp2, .DefenseUp1, .DefenseUp2,
         .EvasionUp1, .SpecialUp1, .SpecialUp2, .SpeedUp2 =>
-            Effects.boost(battle, player, move, log),
+            Effects.boost(battle, player, move, options),
         .AccuracyDown1, .AttackDown1, .DefenseDown1, .DefenseDown2, .SpeedDown1 =>
-            Effects.unboost(battle, player, move, log),
+            Effects.unboost(battle, player, move, options),
         // zig fmt: on
-        .Sleep => Effects.sleep(battle, player, move, log),
+        .Sleep => Effects.sleep(battle, player, move, options),
         else => unreachable,
     };
 }
@@ -1700,51 +1761,51 @@ inline fn alwaysHappens(
     player: Player,
     move: Move.Data,
     residual: *bool,
-    log: anytype,
+    options: anytype,
 ) !void {
     assert(move.effect.alwaysHappens());
     return switch (move.effect) {
-        .DrainHP, .DreamEater => Effects.drainHP(battle, player, log),
+        .DrainHP, .DreamEater => Effects.drainHP(battle, player, options),
         .Explode => Effects.explode(battle, player),
-        .PayDay => Effects.payDay(battle, player, log),
+        .PayDay => Effects.payDay(battle, player, options),
         .Rage => Effects.rage(battle, player),
-        .Recoil => Effects.recoil(battle, player, residual, log),
+        .Recoil => Effects.recoil(battle, player, residual, options),
         .JumpKick, .Binding => {},
         else => unreachable,
     };
 }
-inline fn moveEffect(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+inline fn moveEffect(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
     return switch (move.effect) {
-        .BurnChance1, .BurnChance2 => Effects.burnChance(battle, player, move, log),
-        .ConfusionChance => Effects.confusion(battle, player, move, log),
-        .FlinchChance1, .FlinchChance2 => Effects.flinchChance(battle, player, move),
-        .FreezeChance => Effects.freezeChance(battle, player, move, log),
-        .HyperBeam => Effects.hyperBeam(battle, player, log),
+        .BurnChance1, .BurnChance2 => Effects.burnChance(battle, player, move, options),
+        .ConfusionChance => Effects.confusion(battle, player, move, options),
+        .FlinchChance1, .FlinchChance2 => Effects.flinchChance(battle, player, move, options),
+        .FreezeChance => Effects.freezeChance(battle, player, move, options),
+        .HyperBeam => Effects.hyperBeam(battle, player, options),
         .MultiHit, .DoubleHit, .Twineedle => unreachable,
-        .ParalyzeChance1, .ParalyzeChance2 => Effects.paralyzeChance(battle, player, move, log),
-        .PoisonChance1, .PoisonChance2 => Effects.poison(battle, player, move, log),
+        .ParalyzeChance1, .ParalyzeChance2 => Effects.paralyzeChance(battle, player, move, options),
+        .PoisonChance1, .PoisonChance2 => Effects.poison(battle, player, move, options),
         // zig fmt: off
         .AttackDownChance, .DefenseDownChance, .SpecialDownChance, .SpeedDownChance =>
-            Effects.unboost(battle, player, move, log),
+            Effects.unboost(battle, player, move, options),
         // zig fmt: on
         else => {},
     };
 }
 pub const Effects = struct {
-    fn bide(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn bide(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
         side.active.volatiles.Bide = true;
         assert(!side.active.volatiles.Thrashing and !side.active.volatiles.Rage);
         side.active.volatiles.state = 0;
-        side.active.volatiles.attacks = Rolls.bideThrashDuration(battle);
+        side.active.volatiles.attacks = Rolls.attackingDuration(battle, player, options);
-        try log.start(battle.active(player), .Bide);
+        try options.log.start(battle.active(player), .Bide);
     }
-    fn burnChance(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn burnChance(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
         var foe_stored = foe.stored();
@@ -1755,83 +1816,97 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             // GLITCH: Freeze top move selection desync can occur if thawed Pokémon is slower
             if (Status.is(foe_stored.status, .FRZ)) {
                 assert(move.type == .Fire);
-                try log.curestatus(battle.active(player.foe()), foe_stored.status, .Message);
+                try options.log.curestatus(
+                    battle.active(player.foe()),
+                    foe_stored.status,
+                    .Message,
+                );
                 foe_stored.status = 0;
             }
             return;
         }
         if (foe.active.types.includes(move.type)) return;
-        if (!Rolls.secondaryChance(battle, move.effect == .BurnChance1)) return;
+        if (!try Rolls.secondaryChance(battle, player, move.effect == .BurnChance1, options)) {
+            return;
+        }
         foe_stored.status = Status.init(.BRN);
         foe.active.stats.atk = @max(foe.active.stats.atk / 2, 1);
-        try log.status(battle.active(player.foe()), foe_stored.status, .None);
+        try options.log.status(battle.active(player.foe()), foe_stored.status, .None);
     }
-    fn charge(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn charge(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
         var volatiles = &side.active.volatiles;
         volatiles.Charging = true;
         const move = side.last_selected_move;
         if (move == .Fly or move == .Dig) volatiles.Invulnerable = true;
-        try log.laststill();
-        try log.prepare(battle.active(player), move);
+        try options.log.laststill();
+        try options.log.prepare(battle.active(player), move);
     }
-    fn confusion(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn confusion(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
         const sub = foe.active.volatiles.Substitute;
         if (move.effect == .ConfusionChance) {
-            if (!Rolls.confusionChance(battle)) return;
+            if (!try Rolls.confusionChance(battle, player, options)) return;
         } else {
             if (showdown) {
-                if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) {
+                if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) {
                     return;
                 } else if (sub) {
-                    return log.fail(battle.active(player.foe()), .None);
+                    return options.log.fail(battle.active(player.foe()), .None);
                 }
             } else {
                 if (sub) {
-                    return log.fail(battle.active(player.foe()), .None);
-                } else if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) {
+                    return options.log.fail(battle.active(player.foe()), .None);
+                } else if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) {
                     return;
                 }
             }
+            try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
         }
         if (foe.active.volatiles.Confusion) return;
         foe.active.volatiles.Confusion = true;
-        foe.active.volatiles.confusion = Rolls.confusionDuration(battle);
+        foe.active.volatiles.confusion = Rolls.confusionDuration(battle, player, false, options);
-        try log.start(battle.active(player.foe()), .Confusion);
+        try options.log.start(battle.active(player.foe()), .Confusion);
     }
-    fn conversion(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn conversion(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
         const foe = battle.foe(player);
         if (foe.active.volatiles.Invulnerable) {
-            try log.lastmiss();
-            return log.miss(battle.active(player));
+            try options.log.lastmiss();
+            return options.log.miss(battle.active(player));
         }
         battle.side(player).active.types = foe.active.types;
-        return log.typechange(battle.active(player), foe.active.types, battle.active(player.foe()));
+        return options.log.typechange(
+            battle.active(player),
+            foe.active.types,
+            battle.active(player.foe()),
+        );
     }
-    fn disable(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !?Result {
+    fn disable(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !?Result {
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
         var volatiles = &foe.active.volatiles;
         const foe_ident = battle.active(player.foe());
         // Pokémon Showdown handles hit/miss earlier in doMove
-        if (!showdown and !try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) return null;
+        if (!showdown) {
+            if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) return null;
+            try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
+        }
         if (volatiles.disabled_move != 0) {
-            try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
+            try options.log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
             return null;
         }
@@ -1847,7 +1922,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         // Technically this is still considered simply a "miss" on the cartridge,
         // but diverging from Pokémon Showdown here would mostly just be pedantic
         if (n == 0) {
-            try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
+            try options.log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
             return null;
         } else if (err) {
             // GLITCH: Transform + Mirror Move / Metronome PP softlock
@@ -1855,14 +1930,16 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             return Result.Error;
         }
-        volatiles.disabled_move = @intCast(u3, Rolls.moveSlot(battle, &foe.active.moves, n));
-        volatiles.disabled_duration = Rolls.disableDuration(battle);
+        volatiles.disabled_move =
+            @intCast(try Rolls.moveSlot(battle, player, &foe.active.moves, n, options));
+        volatiles.disabled_duration = Rolls.disableDuration(battle, player, options);
-        try log.startEffect(foe_ident, .Disable, foe.active.move(volatiles.disabled_move).id);
+        const id = foe.active.move(volatiles.disabled_move).id;
+        try options.log.startEffect(foe_ident, .Disable, id);
         return null;
     }
-    fn drainHP(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn drainHP(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
         var stored = side.stored();
@@ -1877,7 +1954,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         if (stored.hp == stored.stats.hp) return;
         stored.hp = @min(stored.stats.hp, stored.hp + drain);
-        try log.drain(battle.active(player), stored, battle.active(player.foe()));
+        try options.log.drain(battle.active(player), stored, battle.active(player.foe()));
     }
     fn explode(battle: anytype, player: Player) !void {
@@ -1891,26 +1968,28 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         side.active.volatiles.LeechSeed = false;
     }
-    fn flinchChance(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data) void {
+    fn flinchChance(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
         var volatiles = &battle.foe(player).active.volatiles;
         if (volatiles.Substitute) return;
-        if (!Rolls.secondaryChance(battle, move.effect == .FlinchChance1)) return;
+        if (!try Rolls.secondaryChance(battle, player, move.effect == .FlinchChance1, options)) {
+            return;
+        }
         volatiles.Flinch = true;
         volatiles.Recharging = false;
     }
-    fn focusEnergy(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn focusEnergy(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
         if (side.active.volatiles.FocusEnergy) return;
         side.active.volatiles.FocusEnergy = true;
-        try log.start(battle.active(player), .FocusEnergy);
+        try options.log.start(battle.active(player), .FocusEnergy);
     }
-    fn freezeChance(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn freezeChance(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
         var foe_stored = foe.stored();
         const foe_ident = battle.active(player.foe());
@@ -1922,17 +2001,18 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         }
         if (foe.active.types.includes(move.type)) return;
-        if (!Rolls.secondaryChance(battle, true)) return;
+        if (!try Rolls.secondaryChance(battle, player, true, options)) return;
         // Freeze Clause Mod
         if (showdown) for (foe.pokemon) |p| if (Status.is(p.status, .FRZ)) return;
         foe_stored.status = Status.init(.FRZ);
         // GLITCH: Hyper Beam recharging status is not cleared
-        try log.status(foe_ident, foe_stored.status, .None);
+        try options.log.status(foe_ident, foe_stored.status, .None);
     }
-    fn haze(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn haze(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
+        var log = options.log;
         var side = battle.side(player);
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
@@ -1954,7 +2034,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         // Pokémon Showdown clears P1 then P2 instead of status -> side -> foe
         if (showdown) {
             for (&battle.sides, 0..) |*s, i| {
-                const p = @intToEnum(Player, i);
+                const p: Player = @enumFromInt(i);
                 // Pokémon Showdown incorrectly does not prevent sleep/freeze from moving
                 if (p != player and Status.any(s.stored().status)) {
                     try log.curestatus(foe_ident, foe_stored.status, .Silent);
@@ -1963,7 +2043,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                     s.stored().status = Status.init(.PSN);
                     try log.status(battle.active(p), s.stored().status, .None);
                 }
-                try clearVolatiles(battle, p, log);
+                try clearVolatiles(battle, p, p != player, options);
             }
         } else {
             if (Status.any(foe_stored.status)) {
@@ -1973,71 +2053,76 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                 try log.curestatus(foe_ident, foe_stored.status, .Silent);
                 foe_stored.status = 0;
             }
-            try clearVolatiles(battle, player, log);
-            try clearVolatiles(battle, player.foe(), log);
+            try clearVolatiles(battle, player, false, options);
+            try clearVolatiles(battle, player.foe(), true, options);
         }
     }
-    fn heal(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn heal(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
         var stored = side.stored();
         const ident = battle.active(player);
         // GLITCH: HP recovery move failure glitches
         const delta = stored.stats.hp - stored.hp;
-        if (delta == 0 or delta & 255 == 255) return try log.fail(ident, .None);
+        if (delta == 0 or (delta & 255 == 255 and stored.hp % 256 != 0)) {
+            return try options.log.fail(ident, .None);
+        }
         const rest = side.last_selected_move == .Rest;
         if (rest) {
             // Adding the sleep status runs the sleep condition handler to roll duration
             if (showdown) battle.rng.advance(1);
             stored.status = Status.slf(2);
-            try log.statusFrom(ident, stored.status, Move.Rest);
+            try options.log.statusFrom(ident, stored.status, Move.Rest);
             stored.hp = stored.stats.hp;
         } else {
             stored.hp = @min(stored.stats.hp, stored.hp + (stored.stats.hp / 2));
         }
-        try log.heal(ident, stored, if (rest) Heal.Silent else Heal.None);
+        try options.log.heal(ident, stored, if (rest) Heal.Silent else Heal.None);
     }
-    fn hyperBeam(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn hyperBeam(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
         battle.side(player).active.volatiles.Recharging = true;
-        try log.mustrecharge(battle.active(player));
+        try options.log.mustrecharge(battle.active(player));
     }
-    fn leechSeed(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn leechSeed(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
         if (showdown) {
             // Invulnerability trumps type immunity on Pokémon Showdown
             if (!foe.active.volatiles.Invulnerable and foe.active.types.includes(.Grass)) {
-                return log.immune(battle.active(player.foe()), .None);
+                return options.log.immune(battle.active(player.foe()), .None);
             }
-            if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) return;
+            if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) return;
             if (foe.active.volatiles.LeechSeed) return;
         } else {
-            if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) return;
+            if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) return;
             if (foe.active.types.includes(.Grass) or foe.active.volatiles.LeechSeed) {
-                try log.lastmiss();
-                return log.miss(battle.active(player));
+                try options.log.lastmiss();
+                return options.log.miss(battle.active(player));
             }
         }
+        try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
         foe.active.volatiles.LeechSeed = true;
-        try log.start(battle.active(player.foe()), .LeechSeed);
+        try options.log.start(battle.active(player.foe()), .LeechSeed);
     }
-    fn lightScreen(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn lightScreen(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
-        if (side.active.volatiles.LightScreen) return log.fail(battle.active(player), .None);
+        if (side.active.volatiles.LightScreen) {
+            return options.log.fail(battle.active(player), .None);
+        }
         side.active.volatiles.LightScreen = true;
-        try log.start(battle.active(player), .LightScreen);
+        try options.log.start(battle.active(player), .LightScreen);
     }
-    fn mimic(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, mslot: u8, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn mimic(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, mslot: u8, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
@@ -2053,7 +2138,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             const has_mimic = has_mimic: {
                 for (side.active.moves, 0..) |m, i| {
                     if (m.id == .Mimic) {
-                        oslot = @intCast(u8, i + 1);
+                        oslot = @intCast(i + 1);
                         break :has_mimic true;
                     }
                 }
@@ -2061,38 +2146,43 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             };
             if (!has_mimic) {
                 // Invulnerable foes or 1/256 miss can trigger |-miss| instead of |-fail|
-                if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) return;
-                return try log.fail(battle.active(player.foe()), .None);
+                if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) return;
+                try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
+                return try options.log.fail(battle.active(player.foe()), .None);
             }
         }
-        if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) return;
+        if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) return;
+        try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
-        const rslot = Rolls.moveSlot(battle, &foe.active.moves, 0);
+        const rslot = try Rolls.moveSlot(battle, player, &foe.active.moves, 0, options);
         side.active.move(oslot).id = foe.active.move(rslot).id;
-        try log.startEffect(battle.active(player), .Mimic, side.active.move(oslot).id);
+        try options.log.startEffect(battle.active(player), .Mimic, side.active.move(oslot).id);
     }
-    fn mist(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn mist(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
         if (side.active.volatiles.Mist) return;
         side.active.volatiles.Mist = true;
-        try log.start(battle.active(player), .Mist);
+        try options.log.start(battle.active(player), .Mist);
     }
-    fn multiHit(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data) void {
+    fn multiHit(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
         assert(!side.active.volatiles.MultiHit);
         side.active.volatiles.MultiHit = true;
-        side.active.volatiles.attacks =
-            if (move.effect == .MultiHit) Rolls.distribution(battle) else 2;
+        side.active.volatiles.attacks = if (move.effect == .MultiHit)
+            try Rolls.distribution(battle, .MultiHit, player, options)
+        else
+            2;
     }
-    fn paralyze(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn paralyze(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
+        var log = options.log;
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
         var foe_stored = foe.stored();
         const foe_ident = battle.active(player.foe());
@@ -2103,7 +2193,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         if (showdown) {
             // Invulnerability trumps type immunity on Pokémon Showdown
             if (immune and !foe.active.volatiles.Invulnerable) return log.immune(foe_ident, .None);
-            if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) return;
+            if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) return;
         }
         if (Status.any(foe_stored.status)) {
             return log.fail(
@@ -2113,8 +2203,9 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         }
         if (!showdown) {
             if (immune) return log.immune(foe_ident, .None);
-            if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) return;
+            if (!try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) return;
         }
+        try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
         foe_stored.status = Status.init(.PAR);
         foe.active.stats.spe = @max(foe.active.stats.spe / 4, 1);
@@ -2122,7 +2213,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         try log.status(foe_ident, foe_stored.status, .None);
     }
-    fn paralyzeChance(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn paralyzeChance(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
         var foe_stored = foe.stored();
@@ -2134,25 +2225,30 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         // Body Slam can't paralyze a Normal type Pokémon
         if (foe.active.types.includes(move.type)) return;
-        if (!Rolls.secondaryChance(battle, move.effect == .ParalyzeChance1)) return;
+        if (!try Rolls.secondaryChance(battle, player, move.effect == .ParalyzeChance1, options)) {
+            return;
+        }
         foe_stored.status = Status.init(.PAR);
         foe.active.stats.spe = @max(foe.active.stats.spe / 4, 1);
-        try log.status(battle.active(player.foe()), foe_stored.status, .None);
+        try options.log.status(battle.active(player.foe()), foe_stored.status, .None);
     }
-    fn payDay(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
-        if (!showdown or !battle.foe(player).active.volatiles.Substitute) try log.fieldactivate();
+    fn payDay(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
+        if (!showdown or !battle.foe(player).active.volatiles.Substitute) {
+            try options.log.fieldactivate();
+        }
     }
-    fn poison(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn poison(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
+        var log = options.log;
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
         var foe_stored = foe.stored();
         const foe_ident = battle.active(player.foe());
         const toxic = battle.side(player).last_selected_move == .Toxic;
-        if (showdown and move.effect == .Poison and !try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) {
+        if (showdown and move.effect == .Poison and !try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) {
             return;
         } else if (foe.active.volatiles.Substitute) {
             if (move.effect != .Poison) return;
@@ -2176,8 +2272,13 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         }
         if (move.effect == .Poison) {
-            if (!showdown and !try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) return;
-        } else if (!Rolls.poisonChance(battle, move.effect == .PoisonChance1)) return;
+            if (!showdown and !try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) return;
+            try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
+        } else {
+            if (!try Rolls.poisonChance(battle, player, move.effect == .PoisonChance1, options)) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
         foe_stored.status = Status.init(.PSN);
         if (toxic) {
@@ -2195,31 +2296,36 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         volatiles.Rage = true;
     }
-    fn recoil(battle: anytype, player: Player, residual: *bool, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn recoil(battle: anytype, player: Player, residual: *bool, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
         var stored = side.stored();
         assert(showdown or battle.last_damage > 0);
         if (showdown and battle.last_damage == 0) return;
-        const damage = @intCast(i16, @max(battle.last_damage /
+        const damage: i16 = @intCast(@max(battle.last_damage /
             @as(u8, if (side.last_selected_move == .Struggle) 2 else 4), 1));
-        stored.hp = @intCast(u16, @max(@intCast(i16, stored.hp) - damage, 0));
+        stored.hp = @intCast(@max(@as(i16, @intCast(stored.hp)) - damage, 0));
-        try log.damageOf(battle.active(player), stored, .RecoilOf, battle.active(player.foe()));
+        try options.log.damageOf(
+            battle.active(player),
+            stored,
+            .RecoilOf,
+            battle.active(player.foe()),
+        );
         if (showdown and stored.hp == 0) residual.* = false;
     }
-    fn reflect(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn reflect(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
-        if (side.active.volatiles.Reflect) return log.fail(battle.active(player), .None);
+        if (side.active.volatiles.Reflect) return options.log.fail(battle.active(player), .None);
         side.active.volatiles.Reflect = true;
-        try log.start(battle.active(player), .Reflect);
+        try options.log.start(battle.active(player), .Reflect);
     }
-    fn sleep(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn sleep(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
         var foe_stored = foe.stored();
         const foe_ident = battle.active(player.foe());
@@ -2230,13 +2336,14 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             // the Sleep Clause Mod might activate, causing us to not actually bypass
         } else {
             if (Status.any(foe_stored.status)) {
-                return log.fail(
+                return options.log.fail(
                     foe_ident,
                     if (Status.is(foe_stored.status, .SLP)) .Sleep else .None,
                 );
             }
             // If checkHit in doMove didn't return true Pokémon Showdown wouldn't be in here
-            if (!showdown and !try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) return;
+            if (!showdown and !try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) return;
+            try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
         }
         // Sleep Clause Mod
@@ -2247,31 +2354,32 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         }
         foe.active.volatiles.Recharging = false;
-        foe_stored.status = Status.slp(Rolls.sleepDuration(battle));
-        try log.statusFrom(foe_ident, foe_stored.status, battle.side(player).last_selected_move);
+        foe_stored.status = Status.slp(Rolls.sleepDuration(battle, player, options));
+        const last = battle.side(player).last_selected_move;
+        try options.log.statusFrom(foe_ident, foe_stored.status, last);
     }
-    fn splash(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
-        try log.activate(battle.active(player), .Splash);
+    fn splash(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
+        try options.log.activate(battle.active(player), .Splash);
     }
-    fn substitute(battle: anytype, player: Player, residual: *bool, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn substitute(battle: anytype, player: Player, residual: *bool, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
         if (side.active.volatiles.Substitute) {
-            try log.fail(battle.active(player), .Substitute);
+            try options.log.fail(battle.active(player), .Substitute);
             return;
         }
         assert(side.stored().stats.hp <= 1023);
         // Will be 0 if HP is <= 3 meaning that the user gets a 1 HP Substitute for "free"
-        const hp = @intCast(u8, side.stored().stats.hp / 4);
+        const hp: u8 = @intCast(side.stored().stats.hp / 4);
         // Pokénon Showdown incorrectly checks for 1/4 HP based on `target.maxhp / 4` which returns
         // a floating point value and thus only correctly implements the Substitute 1/4 glitch when
         // the target's HP is exactly divisible by 4 (here we're using an inlined divCeil routine to
         // avoid having to convert to floating point)
         const required_hp = if (showdown) @divFloor(side.stored().stats.hp - 1, 4) + 1 else hp;
         if (side.stored().hp < required_hp) {
-            try log.fail(battle.active(player), .Weak);
+            try options.log.fail(battle.active(player), .Weak);
             return;
         }
@@ -2279,31 +2387,32 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         side.stored().hp -= hp;
         side.active.volatiles.substitute = hp + 1;
         side.active.volatiles.Substitute = true;
-        try log.start(battle.active(player), .Substitute);
+        try options.log.start(battle.active(player), .Substitute);
         if (hp > 0) {
-            try log.damage(battle.active(player), side.stored(), .None);
+            try options.log.damage(battle.active(player), side.stored(), .None);
             if (showdown and side.stored().hp == 0) residual.* = false;
         }
     }
-    fn switchAndTeleport(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn switchAndTeleport(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
         if (!showdown or battle.side(player).last_selected_move == .Teleport) return;
         // Whirlwind/Roar should not roll to hit/reset damage but Pokémon Showdown does anyway
-        _ = try checkHit(battle, player, move, log);
+        if (try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
         battle.last_damage = 0;
     }
-    fn thrashing(battle: anytype, player: Player) void {
+    fn thrashing(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) void {
         var volatiles = &battle.side(player).active.volatiles;
         assert(!volatiles.Thrashing);
         assert(!volatiles.Bide);
         volatiles.Thrashing = true;
-        volatiles.attacks = Rolls.bideThrashDuration(battle);
+        volatiles.attacks = Rolls.attackingDuration(battle, player, options);
     }
-    fn transform(battle: anytype, player: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn transform(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
         const foe = battle.foe(player);
         const foe_ident = battle.active(player.foe());
@@ -2329,10 +2438,10 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             side.active.moves[i].pp = if (m.id != .None) 5 else 0;
         }
-        try log.transform(battle.active(player), foe_ident);
+        try options.log.transform(battle.active(player), foe_ident);
     }
-    fn binding(battle: anytype, player: Player, rewrap: bool) void {
+    fn binding(battle: anytype, player: Player, rewrap: bool, options: anytype) !void {
         var side = battle.side(player);
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
@@ -2344,10 +2453,12 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             foe.active.volatiles.Recharging = false;
         } else if (foe.stored().hp == 0) return if (!rewrap) battle.rng.advance(1);
-        side.active.volatiles.attacks = Rolls.distribution(battle) - 1;
+        side.active.volatiles.attacks =
+            try Rolls.distribution(battle, .Binding, player, options) - 1;
     }
-    fn boost(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn boost(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
+        var log = options.log;
         var side = battle.side(player);
         const ident = battle.active(player);
@@ -2359,7 +2470,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                 assert(boosts.atk >= -6 and boosts.atk <= 6);
                 if (boosts.atk == 6) return try log.fail(ident, .None);
                 const n: u2 = if (move.effect == .AttackUp2) 2 else 1;
-                boosts.atk = @intCast(i4, @min(6, @as(i8, boosts.atk) + n));
+                boosts.atk = @as(i4, @intCast(@min(6, @as(i8, boosts.atk) + n)));
                 const reason = if (move.effect == .Rage) Boost.Rage else Boost.Attack;
                 if (stats.atk == MAX_STAT_VALUE) {
                     boosts.atk -= 1;
@@ -2370,7 +2481,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                     }
                     return try log.fail(ident, .None);
                 }
-                var mod = BOOSTS[@intCast(u4, @as(i8, boosts.atk) + 6)];
+                var mod = BOOSTS[@as(u4, @intCast(@as(i8, boosts.atk) + 6))];
                 const stat = unmodifiedStats(battle, side).atk;
                 stats.atk = @min(MAX_STAT_VALUE, stat * mod[0] / mod[1]);
                 try log.boost(ident, reason, n);
@@ -2381,7 +2492,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                 assert(boosts.def >= -6 and boosts.def <= 6);
                 if (boosts.def == 6) return try log.fail(ident, .None);
                 const n: u2 = if (move.effect == .DefenseUp2) 2 else 1;
-                boosts.def = @intCast(i4, @min(6, @as(i8, boosts.def) + n));
+                boosts.def = @intCast(@min(6, @as(i8, boosts.def) + n));
                 if (stats.def == MAX_STAT_VALUE) {
                     boosts.def -= 1;
                     if (showdown) {
@@ -2390,7 +2501,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                     }
                     return try log.fail(ident, .None);
                 }
-                var mod = BOOSTS[@intCast(u4, @as(i8, boosts.def) + 6)];
+                var mod = BOOSTS[@as(u4, @intCast(@as(i8, boosts.def) + 6))];
                 const stat = unmodifiedStats(battle, side).def;
                 stats.def = @min(MAX_STAT_VALUE, stat * mod[0] / mod[1]);
                 try log.boost(ident, .Defense, n);
@@ -2398,7 +2509,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             .SpeedUp2 => {
                 assert(boosts.spe >= -6 and boosts.spe <= 6);
                 if (boosts.spe == 6) return try log.fail(ident, .None);
-                boosts.spe = @intCast(i4, @min(6, @as(i8, boosts.spe) + 2));
+                boosts.spe = @intCast(@min(6, @as(i8, boosts.spe) + 2));
                 if (stats.spe == MAX_STAT_VALUE) {
                     boosts.spe -= 1;
                     if (showdown) {
@@ -2407,7 +2518,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                     }
                     return try log.fail(ident, .None);
                 }
-                var mod = BOOSTS[@intCast(u4, @as(i8, boosts.spe) + 6)];
+                var mod = BOOSTS[@as(u4, @intCast(@as(i8, boosts.spe) + 6))];
                 const stat = unmodifiedStats(battle, side).spe;
                 stats.spe = @min(MAX_STAT_VALUE, stat * mod[0] / mod[1]);
                 try log.boost(ident, .Speed, 2);
@@ -2416,7 +2527,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                 assert(boosts.spc >= -6 and boosts.spc <= 6);
                 if (boosts.spc == 6) return try log.fail(ident, .None);
                 const n: u2 = if (move.effect == .SpecialUp2) 2 else 1;
-                boosts.spc = @intCast(i4, @min(6, @as(i8, boosts.spc) + n));
+                boosts.spc = @intCast(@min(6, @as(i8, boosts.spc) + n));
                 if (stats.spc == MAX_STAT_VALUE) {
                     boosts.spc -= 1;
                     if (showdown) {
@@ -2427,7 +2538,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                     }
                     return try log.fail(ident, .None);
                 }
-                var mod = BOOSTS[@intCast(u4, @as(i8, boosts.spc) + 6)];
+                var mod = BOOSTS[@as(u4, @intCast(@as(i8, boosts.spc) + 6))];
                 const stat = unmodifiedStats(battle, side).spc;
                 stats.spc = @min(MAX_STAT_VALUE, stat * mod[0] / mod[1]);
                 try log.boost(ident, .SpecialAttack, n);
@@ -2436,7 +2547,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             .EvasionUp1 => {
                 assert(boosts.evasion >= -6 and boosts.evasion <= 6);
                 if (boosts.evasion == 6) return try log.fail(ident, .None);
-                boosts.evasion = @intCast(i4, @min(6, @as(i8, boosts.evasion) + 1));
+                boosts.evasion = @intCast(@min(6, @as(i8, boosts.evasion) + 1));
                 try log.boost(ident, .Evasion, 1);
             },
             else => unreachable,
@@ -2446,7 +2557,8 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         statusModify(battle.foe(player).stored().status, &battle.foe(player).active.stats);
     }
-    fn unboost(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, log: anytype) !void {
+    fn unboost(battle: anytype, player: Player, move: Move.Data, options: anytype) !void {
+        var log = options.log;
         var foe = battle.foe(player);
         const foe_ident = battle.active(player.foe());
         const secondary = move.effect.isStatDownChance();
@@ -2454,9 +2566,12 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
         if (foe.active.volatiles.Substitute) return if (!secondary) log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
         if (secondary) {
-            if (!Rolls.unboost(battle) or foe.active.volatiles.Invulnerable) return;
-        } else if (!showdown and !try checkHit(battle, player, move, log)) {
-            return; // checkHit already checks for Invulnerable
+            const proc = try Rolls.unboost(battle, player, options);
+            if (!proc or foe.active.volatiles.Invulnerable) return;
+        } else {
+            // checkHit already checks for Invulnerable
+            if (!showdown and !try checkHit(battle, player, move, options)) return;
+            try options.chance.commit(player, .hit);
         }
         var stats = &foe.active.stats;
@@ -2467,7 +2582,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             .AttackDown1, .AttackDownChance => {
                 assert(boosts.atk >= -6 and boosts.atk <= 6);
                 if (boosts.atk == -6) return if (fail) try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
-                boosts.atk = @intCast(i4, @max(-6, @as(i8, boosts.atk) - 1));
+                boosts.atk = @intCast(@max(-6, @as(i8, boosts.atk) - 1));
                 if (stats.atk == 1) {
                     boosts.atk += 1;
                     if (showdown) {
@@ -2476,7 +2591,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                     }
                     return try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
                 }
-                var mod = BOOSTS[@intCast(u4, @as(i8, boosts.atk) + 6)];
+                var mod = BOOSTS[@as(u4, @intCast(@as(i8, boosts.atk) + 6))];
                 const stat = unmodifiedStats(battle, foe).atk;
                 stats.atk = @max(1, stat * mod[0] / mod[1]);
                 try log.boost(foe_ident, .Attack, -1);
@@ -2485,7 +2600,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                 assert(boosts.def >= -6 and boosts.def <= 6);
                 if (boosts.def == -6) return if (fail) try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
                 const n: u2 = if (move.effect == .DefenseDown2) 2 else 1;
-                boosts.def = @intCast(i4, @max(-6, @as(i8, boosts.def) - n));
+                boosts.def = @intCast(@max(-6, @as(i8, boosts.def) - n));
                 if (stats.def == 1) {
                     boosts.def += 1;
                     if (showdown) {
@@ -2494,7 +2609,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                     }
                     return try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
                 }
-                var mod = BOOSTS[@intCast(u4, @as(i8, boosts.def) + 6)];
+                var mod = BOOSTS[@as(u4, @intCast(@as(i8, boosts.def) + 6))];
                 const stat = unmodifiedStats(battle, foe).def;
                 stats.def = @max(1, stat * mod[0] / mod[1]);
                 try log.boost(foe_ident, .Defense, -@as(i8, n));
@@ -2502,7 +2617,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             .SpeedDown1, .SpeedDownChance => {
                 assert(boosts.spe >= -6 and boosts.spe <= 6);
                 if (boosts.spe == -6) return if (fail) try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
-                boosts.spe = @intCast(i4, @max(-6, @as(i8, boosts.spe) - 1));
+                boosts.spe = @intCast(@max(-6, @as(i8, boosts.spe) - 1));
                 if (stats.spe == 1) {
                     boosts.spe += 1;
                     if (showdown) {
@@ -2511,7 +2626,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                     }
                     return try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
                 }
-                var mod = BOOSTS[@intCast(u4, @as(i8, boosts.spe) + 6)];
+                var mod = BOOSTS[@as(u4, @intCast(@as(i8, boosts.spe) + 6))];
                 const stat = unmodifiedStats(battle, foe).spe;
                 stats.spe = @max(1, stat * mod[0] / mod[1]);
                 try log.boost(foe_ident, .Speed, -1);
@@ -2520,7 +2635,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             .SpecialDownChance => {
                 assert(boosts.spc >= -6 and boosts.spc <= 6);
                 if (boosts.spc == -6) return if (fail) try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
-                boosts.spc = @intCast(i4, @max(-6, @as(i8, boosts.spc) - 1));
+                boosts.spc = @intCast(@max(-6, @as(i8, boosts.spc) - 1));
                 if (stats.spc == 1) {
                     boosts.spc += 1;
                     if (showdown) {
@@ -2531,7 +2646,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
                     }
                     return try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
                 }
-                var mod = BOOSTS[@intCast(u4, @as(i8, boosts.spc) + 6)];
+                var mod = BOOSTS[@as(u4, @intCast(@as(i8, boosts.spc) + 6))];
                 const stat = unmodifiedStats(battle, foe).spc;
                 stats.spc = @max(1, stat * mod[0] / mod[1]);
                 try log.boost(foe_ident, .SpecialAttack, -1);
@@ -2540,7 +2655,7 @@ pub const Effects = struct {
             .AccuracyDown1 => {
                 assert(boosts.accuracy >= -6 and boosts.accuracy <= 6);
                 if (boosts.accuracy == -6) return if (fail) try log.fail(foe_ident, .None);
-                boosts.accuracy = @intCast(i4, @max(-6, @as(i8, boosts.accuracy) - 1));
+                boosts.accuracy = @intCast(@max(-6, @as(i8, boosts.accuracy) - 1));
                 try log.boost(foe_ident, .Accuracy, -1);
             },
             else => unreachable,
@@ -2565,16 +2680,19 @@ fn statusModify(status: u8, stats: *Stats(u16)) void {
     }
 }
-inline fn isForced(active: ActivePokemon) bool {
+inline fn isForced(active: anytype) bool {
     return active.volatiles.Recharging or active.volatiles.Rage or
         active.volatiles.Thrashing or active.volatiles.Charging;
 }
-fn clearVolatiles(battle: anytype, who: Player, log: anytype) !void {
+fn clearVolatiles(battle: anytype, who: Player, clear: bool, options: anytype) !void {
+    var log = options.log;
     var side = battle.side(who);
     var volatiles = &side.active.volatiles;
     const ident = battle.active(who);
+    options.chance.clearDurations(who, clear);
     if (volatiles.disabled_move != 0) {
         volatiles.disabled_move = 0;
         volatiles.disabled_duration = 0;
@@ -2618,137 +2736,292 @@ fn clearVolatiles(battle: anytype, who: Player, log: anytype) !void {
 }
 pub const Rolls = struct {
-    inline fn speedTie(battle: anytype) bool {
-        if (showdown) return battle.rng.range(u8, 0, 2) == 0;
-        return battle.rng.next() < Gen12.percent(50) + 1;
-    }
+    inline fn speedTie(battle: anytype, options: anytype) !bool {
+        const p1 = if (options.calc.overridden(.P1, .speed_tie)) |player|
+            player == .P1
+        else if (showdown)
+            battle.rng.range(u8, 0, 2) == 0
+        else
+            battle.rng.next() < Gen12.percent(50) + 1;
-    inline fn criticalHit(battle: anytype, chance: u16) bool {
-        if (showdown) return battle.rng.chance(u8, @intCast(u8, chance), 256);
-        return std.math.rotl(u8, battle.rng.next(), 3) < chance;
+        try options.chance.speedTie(p1);
+        return p1;
     }
-    inline fn damage(battle: anytype) u8 {
-        if (showdown) return battle.rng.range(u8, 217, 256);
-        while (true) {
-            const r = std.math.rotr(u8, battle.rng.next(), 1);
-            if (r >= 217) return r;
-        }
-    }
+    inline fn criticalHit(battle: anytype, player: Player, rate: u8, options: anytype) !bool {
+        const crit = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .critical_hit)) |val|
+            val == .true
+        else if (showdown)
+            battle.rng.chance(u8, rate, 256)
+        else
+            std.math.rotl(u8, battle.rng.next(), 3) < rate;
-    inline fn hit(battle: anytype, accuracy: u16) bool {
-        if (showdown) return battle.rng.chance(u8, @intCast(u8, accuracy), 256);
-        return battle.rng.next() < accuracy;
+        try options.chance.criticalHit(player, crit, rate);
+        return crit;
     }
-    inline fn confusionDuration(battle: anytype) u3 {
-        if (showdown) return @intCast(u3, battle.rng.range(u8, 2, 6));
-        return @intCast(u3, (battle.rng.next() & 3) + 2);
-    }
+    inline fn damage(battle: anytype, player: anytype, options: anytype) !u8 {
+        const roll = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .damage)) |val|
+            val
+        else roll: {
+            if (showdown) break :roll battle.rng.range(u8, 217, 256);
+            while (true) {
+                const r = std.math.rotr(u8, battle.rng.next(), 1);
+                if (r >= 217) break :roll r;
+            }
+        };
-    inline fn confused(battle: anytype) bool {
-        if (showdown) return !battle.rng.chance(u8, 128, 256);
-        return battle.rng.next() >= Gen12.percent(50) + 1;
+        try options.chance.damage(player, roll);
+        return roll;
     }
-    inline fn paralyzed(battle: anytype) bool {
-        if (showdown) return battle.rng.chance(u8, 63, 256);
-        return battle.rng.next() < Gen12.percent(25);
+    inline fn hit(battle: anytype, player: Player, accuracy: u8, options: anytype) bool {
+        const ok = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .hit)) |val|
+            val == .true
+        else if (showdown)
+            battle.rng.chance(u8, accuracy, 256)
+        else
+            battle.rng.next() < accuracy;
+        options.chance.hit(ok, accuracy);
+        return ok;
     }
-    inline fn confusionChance(battle: anytype) bool {
-        if (showdown) return battle.rng.chance(u8, 25, 256);
-        return battle.rng.next() < Gen12.percent(10);
+    inline fn confused(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !bool {
+        const cfz = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .confused)) |val|
+            val == .true
+        else if (showdown)
+            !battle.rng.chance(u8, 128, 256)
+        else
+            battle.rng.next() >= Gen12.percent(50) + 1;
+        try options.chance.confused(player, cfz);
+        return cfz;
     }
-    inline fn secondaryChance(battle: anytype, low: bool) bool {
-        if (showdown) return battle.rng.chance(u8, @as(u8, if (low) 26 else 77), 256);
-        return battle.rng.next() < 1 + (if (low) Gen12.percent(10) else Gen12.percent(30));
+    inline fn paralyzed(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !bool {
+        const par = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .paralyzed)) |val|
+            val == .true
+        else if (showdown)
+            battle.rng.chance(u8, 63, 256)
+        else
+            battle.rng.next() < Gen12.percent(25);
+        try options.chance.paralyzed(player, par);
+        return par;
     }
-    inline fn poisonChance(battle: anytype, low: bool) bool {
-        if (showdown) return battle.rng.chance(u8, @as(u8, if (low) 52 else 103), 256);
-        return battle.rng.next() < 1 + (if (low) Gen12.percent(20) else Gen12.percent(40));
+    inline fn confusionChance(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !bool {
+        const proc = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .secondary_chance)) |val|
+            val == .true
+        else if (showdown)
+            battle.rng.chance(u8, 25, 256)
+        else
+            battle.rng.next() < Gen12.percent(10);
+        try options.chance.secondaryChance(player, proc, 25);
+        return proc;
     }
-    inline fn sleepDuration(battle: anytype) u3 {
-        if (showdown) return @intCast(u3, battle.rng.range(u8, 1, 8));
-        while (true) {
-            const r = battle.rng.next() & 7;
-            if (r != 0) return @intCast(u3, r);
-        }
+    inline fn secondaryChance(battle: anytype, player: Player, low: bool, options: anytype) !bool {
+        const rate: u8 = if (low) 26 else 77;
+        const proc = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .secondary_chance)) |val|
+            val == .true
+        else if (showdown)
+            battle.rng.chance(u8, rate, 256)
+        else
+            battle.rng.next() < 1 + (if (low) Gen12.percent(10) else Gen12.percent(30));
+        try options.chance.secondaryChance(player, proc, rate);
+        return proc;
     }
-    inline fn bideThrashDuration(battle: anytype) u3 {
-        if (showdown) return @intCast(u3, battle.rng.range(u4, 2, 4));
-        return @intCast(u3, (battle.rng.next() & 1) + 2);
+    inline fn poisonChance(battle: anytype, player: Player, low: bool, options: anytype) !bool {
+        const rate: u8 = if (low) 52 else 103;
+        const proc = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .secondary_chance)) |val|
+            val == .true
+        else if (showdown)
+            battle.rng.chance(u8, rate, 256)
+        else
+            battle.rng.next() < 1 + (if (low) Gen12.percent(20) else Gen12.percent(40));
+        try options.chance.secondaryChance(player, proc, rate);
+        return proc;
     }
-    fn moveSlot(battle: anytype, moves: []MoveSlot, check_pp: u4) u4 {
-        if (showdown) {
-            if (check_pp == 0) {
-                var i: usize = moves.len;
-                while (i > 0) {
-                    i -= 1;
-                    if (moves[i].id != .None) {
-                        return battle.rng.range(u4, 0, @intCast(u4, i + 1)) + 1;
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                var r = battle.rng.range(u4, 0, @intCast(u4, check_pp)) + 1;
-                var i: usize = 0;
-                while (i < moves.len and r > 0) : (i += 1) {
-                    if (moves[i].pp > 0) {
-                        r -= 1;
-                        if (r == 0) break;
-                    }
-                }
-                return @intCast(u4, i + 1);
+    inline fn unboost(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !bool {
+        const proc = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .secondary_chance)) |val|
+            val == .true
+        else if (showdown)
+            battle.rng.chance(u8, 85, 256)
+        else
+            battle.rng.next() < Gen12.percent(33) + 1;
+        try options.chance.secondaryChance(player, proc, 85);
+        return proc;
+    }
+    inline fn metronome(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) !Move {
+        const move: Move = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .metronome)) |val|
+            val
+        else if (showdown) move: {
+            const r = battle.rng.range(u8, 0, @intFromEnum(Move.Struggle) - 2);
+            const mod = @as(u2, (if (r < @intFromEnum(Move.Metronome) - 1) 1 else 2));
+            break :move @enumFromInt(r + mod);
+        } else move: {
+            while (true) {
+                const r = battle.rng.next();
+                if (r == 0 or r == @intFromEnum(Move.Metronome)) continue;
+                if (r >= @intFromEnum(Move.Struggle)) continue;
+                break :move @enumFromInt(r);
             }
-        }
+        };
-        while (true) {
-            const r = @intCast(u4, battle.rng.next() & 3);
-            if (moves[r].id != .None and (check_pp == 0 or moves[r].pp > 0)) return r + 1;
-        }
+        try options.chance.metronome(player, move);
+        return move;
     }
-    inline fn disableDuration(battle: anytype) u4 {
-        if (showdown) return @intCast(u4, battle.rng.range(u8, 1, 9));
-        return @intCast(u4, (battle.rng.next() & 7) + 1);
+    inline fn psywave(battle: anytype, player: Player, max: u8, options: anytype) !u8 {
+        const power = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .psywave)) |val|
+            val - 1
+        else if (showdown)
+            battle.rng.range(u8, 0, max)
+        else power: {
+            while (true) {
+                const r = battle.rng.next();
+                if (r < max) break :power r;
+            }
+        };
+        try options.chance.psywave(player, power, max);
+        return power;
     }
-    inline fn metronome(battle: anytype) Move {
-        if (showdown) {
-            const r = battle.rng.range(u8, 0, @enumToInt(Move.Struggle) - 2);
-            const mod = @as(u2, (if (r < @enumToInt(Move.Metronome) - 1) 1 else 2));
-            return @intToEnum(Move, r + mod);
-        }
-        while (true) {
-            const r = battle.rng.next();
-            if (r == 0 or r == @enumToInt(Move.Metronome)) continue;
-            if (r >= @enumToInt(Move.Struggle)) continue;
-            return @intToEnum(Move, r);
-        }
+    inline fn sleepDuration(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) u3 {
+        const duration: u3 = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .duration)) |val|
+            @intCast(val)
+        else if (showdown)
+            @intCast(battle.rng.range(u8, 1, 8))
+        else duration: {
+            while (true) {
+                const r = battle.rng.next() & 7;
+                if (r != 0) break :duration @intCast(r);
+            }
+        };
+        options.chance.duration(.sleep, player, player.foe(), duration);
+        return duration;
     }
-    inline fn psywave(battle: anytype, max: u8) u8 {
-        if (showdown) return battle.rng.range(u8, 0, max);
-        while (true) {
-            const r = battle.rng.next();
-            if (r < max) return r;
-        }
+    inline fn disableDuration(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) u4 {
+        const duration: u4 = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .duration)) |val|
+            val
+        else if (showdown)
+            @intCast(battle.rng.range(u8, 1, 9))
+        else
+            @intCast((battle.rng.next() & 7) + 1);
+        options.chance.duration(.disable, player, player.foe(), duration);
+        return duration;
     }
-    inline fn distribution(battle: anytype) u3 {
-        if (showdown) return DISTRIBUTION[battle.rng.range(u8, 0, DISTRIBUTION.len)];
-        const r = (battle.rng.next() & 3);
-        return @intCast(u3, (if (r < 2) r else battle.rng.next() & 3) + 2);
+    inline fn confusionDuration(battle: anytype, player: Player, self: bool, options: anytype) u3 {
+        const duration: u3 = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .duration)) |val|
+            @intCast(val)
+        else if (showdown)
+            @intCast(battle.rng.range(u8, 2, 6))
+        else
+            @intCast((battle.rng.next() & 3) + 2);
+        options.chance.duration(.confusion, player, if (self) player else player.foe(), duration);
+        return duration;
     }
-    inline fn unboost(battle: anytype) bool {
-        if (showdown) return battle.rng.chance(u8, 85, 256);
-        return battle.rng.next() < Gen12.percent(33) + 1;
+    inline fn attackingDuration(battle: anytype, player: Player, options: anytype) u3 {
+        const duration: u3 = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .duration)) |val|
+            @intCast(val)
+        else if (showdown)
+            @intCast(battle.rng.range(u4, 2, 4))
+        else
+            @intCast((battle.rng.next() & 1) + 2);
+        options.chance.duration(.attacking, player, player, duration);
+        return duration;
+    }
+    inline fn distribution(
+        battle: anytype,
+        comptime effect: Move.Effect,
+        player: Player,
+        options: anytype,
+    ) !u3 {
+        const roll = if (effect == .Binding) .duration else .multi_hit;
+        const n: u3 = if (options.calc.overridden(player, roll)) |val|
+            @intCast(val)
+        else if (showdown)
+            DISTRIBUTION[battle.rng.range(u8, 0, DISTRIBUTION.len)]
+        else n: {
+            const r = (battle.rng.next() & 3);
+            break :n @intCast((if (r < 2) r else battle.rng.next() & 3) + 2);
+        };
+        if (effect == .Binding) {
+            options.chance.duration(.binding, player, player, n);
+        } else {
+            try options.chance.multiHit(player, n);
+        }
+        return n;
+    }
+    fn moveSlot(
+        battle: anytype,
+        player: Player,
+        moves: []MoveSlot,
+        check_pp: u4,
+        options: anytype,
+    ) !u4 {
+        // TODO: consider throwing error instead of rerolling?
+        const overridden = if (options.calc.overridden(player, .move_slot)) |val|
+            if (moves[val - 1].id != .None and (check_pp == 0 or moves[val - 1].pp > 0))
+                val
+            else
+                null
+        else
+            null;
+        const slot: u4 = overridden orelse slot: {
+            if (showdown) {
+                if (check_pp == 0) {
+                    var i: usize = moves.len;
+                    while (i > 0) {
+                        i -= 1;
+                        if (moves[i].id != .None) {
+                            break :slot battle.rng.range(u4, 0, @as(u4, @intCast(i + 1))) + 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    var r = battle.rng.range(u4, 0, check_pp) + 1;
+                    var i: usize = 0;
+                    while (i < moves.len and r > 0) : (i += 1) {
+                        if (moves[i].pp > 0) {
+                            r -= 1;
+                            if (r == 0) break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break :slot @intCast(i + 1);
+                }
+            }
+            while (true) {
+                const r: u4 = @intCast(battle.rng.next() & 3);
+                if (moves[r].id != .None and (check_pp == 0 or moves[r].pp > 0)) break :slot r + 1;
+            }
+        };
+        try options.chance.moveSlot(player, slot, moves, check_pp);
+        return slot;
     }
 };
@@ -2756,7 +3029,7 @@ test "RNG agreement" {
     if (!showdown) return;
     var expected: [256]u32 = undefined;
     for (0..expected.len) |i| {
-        expected[i] = @intCast(u32, i * 0x1000000);
+        expected[i] = @intCast(i * 0x1000000);
     }
     var spe = rng.FixedRNG(1, expected.len){ .rolls = expected };
@@ -2799,7 +3072,7 @@ pub fn choices(battle: anytype, player: Player, request: Choice.Type, out: []Cho
             const side = battle.side(player);
             const foe = battle.foe(player);
-            var active = side.active;
+            var active = &side.active;
             const stored = side.stored();
             // While players are not given any input options on the cartridge in these cases,
@@ -2813,7 +3086,7 @@ pub fn choices(battle: anytype, player: Player, request: Choice.Type, out: []Cho
             // strictly correct as the player would not have been presented the option to move or
             // switch at all.
             if (isForced(active)) {
-                out[n] = .{ .type = .Move, .data = @boolToInt(showdown) };
+                out[n] = .{ .type = .Move, .data = @intFromBool(showdown) };
                 n += 1;
                 return n;
             }