@photivra/engine 2.19.0 → 2.21.0

package/dist/facade/expected-signal-setup.d.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernels } from "../optics/lens-psf-kernels.js";
 import { type SiteKernelRuns } from "../optics/site-kernel-runs.js";
-import type { DisplayViewExpectedSignalInput } from "./display-view.js";
+import type { DisplayViewExpectedSignalInput, DisplayViewScene } from "./display-view.js";
 type Psf = Parameters<typeof resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernels>[0]["psf"];
 export interface ExpectedSignalSetupInput {
     nativeWidth: number;
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ export interface ExpectedSignalSetupInput {
         whiteRadiance(nm: number): number;
     } | undefined;
     radianceAt(u: number, v: number, nm: number): number;
+    /** #581, image-plane scenes: the provider's `imageSignalScene` (the radiance, and the direct path's signals integrated from each pixel's reconstructed spectrum). */
+    imageSignalScene?: ((wavelengths: readonly number[], perNode: readonly Float64Array[]) => DisplayViewScene) | undefined;
     imagingArea: {
         widthMm: number;
         heightMm: number;

package/dist/facade/expected-signal-setup.js

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ export function buildExpectedSignalInput(input) {
     const scene = materials ? { kind: "materials", materialAt: materials.materialAt,
         materials: materials.list.map((m) => ("neutral" in m ? { neutral: m.neutral } : { radiance: Float64Array.from(wavelengths, (nm) => m.radiance(nm)) })),
         whiteRadiance: Float64Array.from(wavelengths, (nm) => materials.whiteRadiance(nm)) } :
-        { kind: "radiance", radianceAt: input.radianceAt };
+        input.imageSignalScene ? input.imageSignalScene(wavelengths, input.perNode) : { kind: "radiance", radianceAt: input.radianceAt };
     const channelIndex = (x, y) => ((y & 1) === 0 ? ((x & 1) === 0 ? 0 : 1) : ((x & 1) === 0 ? 1 : 2));
     // Without diffraction the environment's own query arithmetic (native-environment-lean.ts `geometry`, then the rectilinear
     // still-camera ray and the planar provider's plane point), so boundary points resolve as in the capture.

package/dist/facade/expected-signal-setup.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Internal (#394, not exported from the package): the input of the tabulated expected signal (`createDisplayViewExpectedSignal`)\n * for a resolved `simulateCapture` request, shared by the display view and the capture's tabulated RAW path so both build it\n * the same way: query offsets of each site, the environment's query points, the diffraction kernels and the scene tables.\n *\n * Defocus (#492, `lens.defocus`): the geometric disc D on the site lattice (`createDefocusDiscSiteKernel`) enters as a site\n * kernel, so every query stays on the lattice. Without diffraction every spectral node takes D itself (a wavelength-independent\n * kernel). With diffraction node λ takes K_λ ∗ D, the full 2-D convolution of the diffraction kernel with the disc (radius\n * R_diff + R_defocus): a labelled approximation, since the defocused wave's PSF is not the in-focus Airy pattern convolved\n * with a geometric disc. The convolution is linear, so Σ_t (K_λ ∗ D)(t)·L(p − t) is the diffracted radiance blurred by D, the\n * order the capture's object-space convolutions apply them in. The kernels are built as the capture builds them\n * (`siteDiffractionKernel`, then `convolveSiteKernels`), so the two have the same bits.\n */\n\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\nimport type { resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernels } from \"../optics/lens-psf-kernels.js\";\nimport { siteDiffractionKernel } from \"../optics/site-diffraction-kernel.js\";\nimport { convolveSiteKernels } from \"../optics/defocus-disc-kernel.js\";\nimport { DEFOCUS_DIRECT_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES, siteKernelRuns, type SiteKernelRuns } from \"../optics/site-kernel-runs.js\";\nimport { resolveProjectionDistanceMm } from \"../motion/camera-rotation.js\";\nimport { hypot3 } from \"../core/portable-math.js\";\nimport type { DisplayViewExpectedSignalInput, DisplayViewScene } from \"./display-view.js\";\n\n/** A unit site kernel of radius 0 (shared: the tables only read it). */\nconst UNIT_TAP = Float64Array.of(1);\n\ntype Psf = Parameters<typeof resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernels>[0][\"psf\"];\n\nexport interface ExpectedSignalSetupInput {\n  nativeWidth: number;\n  nativeHeight: number;\n  /** Frame output width (plane coordinates are 2 / width frame units per site). */\n  width: number;\n  wavelengths: readonly number[];\n  /** Per CFA channel (red, green, blue): expected electrons per unit spectral radiance at each node. */\n  perNode: readonly [Float64Array, Float64Array, Float64Array];\n  /** Pixel-aperture nodes in sites from the site centre (`apertureNodeOffsets(boxSamples)`) and the box sample count. */\n  apertureNodes: readonly { x: number; y: number }[];\n  boxSamples: number;\n  antiAliasing?: { components: readonly { offsetMicrometers: { x: number; y: number }; normalizedWeight: number }[] } | undefined;\n  pitch: number;\n  /** Object-space diffraction: the kernel radius, the PSF and its profile wavelengths. */\n  diffraction?: { radius: number; psf: Psf; profileWavelengths: readonly number[] } | undefined;\n  /**\n   * #569: a lens PSF's kernels per spectral node on the site lattice (the catalogue lens's at the frame centre; the display view's\n   * lens signal reads each field zone's own), used when there is no diffraction and no defocus disc (the lens's PSF includes both).\n   */\n  lensKernels?: { radius: number; perNode: Float64Array[] } | undefined;\n  /** Defocus (#492): the geometric disc on the site lattice, (2R + 1)² row-major weights; absent or null in focus. */\n  defocus?: { radius: number; weights: Float64Array } | null | undefined;\n  /**\n   * #564: a defocus kernel above the direct radius, as runs, used instead of `defocus`: the tables keep the in-focus kernels\n   * (diffraction, or a unit tap per node for the lattice formula) and the expected signal convolves the result with it. A\n   * `defocus` disc of radius above 64 sites takes this path too.\n   */\n  largeDefocus?: SiteKernelRuns | undefined;\n  /** Material scenes: the materials (neutral reflectances, or radiance per wavelength), the material lookup and the white radiance. */\n  materials?: { list: readonly ({ neutral: number } | { radiance: (nm: number) => number })[]; materialAt(u: number, v: number): number; whiteRadiance(nm: number): number } | undefined;\n  radianceAt(u: number, v: number, nm: number): number;\n  imagingArea: { widthMm: number; heightMm: number };\n  focalLengthMm: number;\n  focusDistanceM: number;\n  subjectDistanceM: number;\n  metresPerFrameUnit: number;\n  /** Prefix of the error messages (\"simulateDisplayView\", \"simulateCapture\"). */\n  caller: string;\n}\n\n/** The query offsets of each site and the expected-signal input (see the module comment). */\nexport function buildExpectedSignalInput(input: ExpectedSignalSetupInput): { offsets: { x: number; y: number; weight: number }[]; signalInput: DisplayViewExpectedSignalInput } {\n  const { boxSamples, pitch, wavelengths, imagingArea, subjectDistanceM, metresPerFrameUnit } = input;\n  // Query offsets of each site: pixel-aperture nodes minus anti-aliasing split offsets (sites, +x right, +y down), as the environment forms them.\n  const spots = input.antiAliasing ? input.antiAliasing.components : [{ offsetMicrometers: { x: 0, y: 0 }, normalizedWeight: 1 }];\n  const offsets = input.apertureNodes.flatMap((node) => spots.map((c) => ({ x: node.x - c.offsetMicrometers.x / pitch, y: node.y - c.offsetMicrometers.y / pitch,\n    weight: c.normalizedWeight / (boxSamples * boxSamples) })));\n  // Diffraction: the same per-node site kernels as the object-space convolution (createDiffractedPlanarProvider).\n  let kernels: { radius: number; perNode: Float64Array[] } | undefined;\n  const diffraction = input.diffraction;\n  if (diffraction) {\n    const radius = diffraction.radius;\n    kernels = { radius, perNode: wavelengths.map((wavelengthNm) => {\n      if (!diffraction.profileWavelengths.includes(wavelengthNm)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(input.caller + \": a spectral node has no diffraction kernel.\");\n      return siteDiffractionKernel(diffraction.psf, wavelengthNm, pitch, radius, input.caller + \": diffraction kernels must sample the site pitch exactly.\");\n    }) };\n  }\n  if (input.lensKernels) {\n    if (diffraction || input.defocus || input.largeDefocus) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(input.caller + \": a lens PSF includes its own diffraction and defocus.\");\n    if (input.lensKernels.perNode.length !== wavelengths.length) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(input.caller + \": the lens PSF needs one kernel per spectral node.\");\n    kernels = input.lensKernels;\n  }\n  // #564: a disc above the direct radius (64 sites) is convolved by runs after the in-focus signal instead (below).\n  const largeDefocus = input.largeDefocus ?? (input.defocus && input.defocus.radius > DEFOCUS_DIRECT_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES ?\n    siteKernelRuns(input.defocus.weights, input.defocus.radius) : undefined);\n  // Defocus (#492): the disc alone at every node (one shared array), or each node's diffraction kernel convolved with it.\n  const defocus = largeDefocus ? undefined : input.defocus;\n  if (defocus) {\n    const diffracted = kernels;\n    kernels = diffracted ? { radius: diffracted.radius + defocus.radius, perNode: diffracted.perNode.map((k) => convolveSiteKernels(k, diffracted.radius, defocus.weights, defocus.radius)) } :\n      { radius: defocus.radius, perNode: wavelengths.map(() => defocus.weights) };\n  }\n  // #564: a large defocus kernel is applied after the in-focus signal (expected-signal.ts); without diffraction the in-focus\n  // kernels are a unit tap per node, so the tables read the scene on the lattice formula as the defocus path does.\n  if (largeDefocus && !kernels) kernels = { radius: 0, perNode: wavelengths.map(() => UNIT_TAP) };\n  // Chart presets and (2.7) caller material scenes take the material path: each material tabulated once per node.\n  const materials = input.materials;\n  const scene: DisplayViewScene = materials ? { kind: \"materials\", materialAt: materials.materialAt,\n    materials: materials.list.map((m) => (\"neutral\" in m ? { neutral: m.neutral } : { radiance: Float64Array.from(wavelengths, (nm) => m.radiance(nm)) })),\n    whiteRadiance: Float64Array.from(wavelengths, (nm) => materials.whiteRadiance(nm)) } :\n    { kind: \"radiance\", radianceAt: input.radianceAt };\n  const channelIndex = (x: number, y: number): number => ((y & 1) === 0 ? ((x & 1) === 0 ? 0 : 1) : ((x & 1) === 0 ? 1 : 2));\n  // Without diffraction the environment's own query arithmetic (native-environment-lean.ts `geometry`, then the rectilinear\n  // still-camera ray and the planar provider's plane point), so boundary points resolve as in the capture.\n  const projectionDistance = resolveProjectionDistanceMm(input.focalLengthMm, input.focusDistanceM).projectionDistanceMm, siteWidthMm = pitch / 1000;\n  const nodePhases = input.apertureNodes.flatMap((_, index) => spots.map((c) => ({ xPhase: (index % boxSamples + 0.5) / boxSamples, yPhase: (Math.floor(index / boxSamples) + 0.5) / boxSamples,\n    aaX: c.offsetMicrometers.x / 1000, aaY: c.offsetMicrometers.y / 1000 })));\n  const queryPoint = (x: number, y: number, o: number, out: Float64Array): void => {\n    const node = nodePhases[o]!;\n    const centerX = -imagingArea.widthMm / 2 + (pitch / 2 + x * pitch + 0) / 1000, centerY = -imagingArea.heightMm / 2 + (pitch / 2 + y * pitch + 0) / 1000;\n    const sourceX = (centerX - siteWidthMm / 2 + node.xPhase * siteWidthMm) - node.aaX, sourceY = (centerY - siteWidthMm / 2 + node.yPhase * siteWidthMm) - node.aaY;\n    const rx = projectionDistance * (sourceX / projectionDistance), ry = projectionDistance * (-sourceY / projectionDistance);\n    const length = hypot3(rx, ry, projectionDistance), t = subjectDistanceM / (projectionDistance / length);\n    out[0] = rx / length * t / metresPerFrameUnit; out[1] = ry / length * t / metresPerFrameUnit;\n  };\n  return { offsets, signalInput: { nativeWidth: input.nativeWidth, nativeHeight: input.nativeHeight, outputWidth: input.width, wavelengthsNm: wavelengths,\n    electronsPerRadiance: input.perNode, offsets, ...(kernels ? { kernels } : { queryPoint }), ...(largeDefocus ? { largeKernel: largeDefocus } : {}), scene, channelAt: channelIndex } };\n}\n\n"]}
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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Internal (#394, not exported from the package): the input of the tabulated expected signal (`createDisplayViewExpectedSignal`)\n * for a resolved `simulateCapture` request, shared by the display view and the capture's tabulated RAW path so both build it\n * the same way: query offsets of each site, the environment's query points, the diffraction kernels and the scene tables.\n *\n * Defocus (#492, `lens.defocus`): the geometric disc D on the site lattice (`createDefocusDiscSiteKernel`) enters as a site\n * kernel, so every query stays on the lattice. Without diffraction every spectral node takes D itself (a wavelength-independent\n * kernel). With diffraction node λ takes K_λ ∗ D, the full 2-D convolution of the diffraction kernel with the disc (radius\n * R_diff + R_defocus): a labelled approximation, since the defocused wave's PSF is not the in-focus Airy pattern convolved\n * with a geometric disc. The convolution is linear, so Σ_t (K_λ ∗ D)(t)·L(p − t) is the diffracted radiance blurred by D, the\n * order the capture's object-space convolutions apply them in. The kernels are built as the capture builds them\n * (`siteDiffractionKernel`, then `convolveSiteKernels`), so the two have the same bits.\n */\n\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\nimport type { resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernels } from \"../optics/lens-psf-kernels.js\";\nimport { siteDiffractionKernel } from \"../optics/site-diffraction-kernel.js\";\nimport { convolveSiteKernels } from \"../optics/defocus-disc-kernel.js\";\nimport { DEFOCUS_DIRECT_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES, siteKernelRuns, type SiteKernelRuns } from \"../optics/site-kernel-runs.js\";\nimport { resolveProjectionDistanceMm } from \"../motion/camera-rotation.js\";\nimport { hypot3 } from \"../core/portable-math.js\";\nimport type { DisplayViewExpectedSignalInput, DisplayViewScene } from \"./display-view.js\";\n\n/** A unit site kernel of radius 0 (shared: the tables only read it). */\nconst UNIT_TAP = Float64Array.of(1);\n\ntype Psf = Parameters<typeof resolveLensPsfConvolutionKernels>[0][\"psf\"];\n\nexport interface ExpectedSignalSetupInput {\n  nativeWidth: number;\n  nativeHeight: number;\n  /** Frame output width (plane coordinates are 2 / width frame units per site). */\n  width: number;\n  wavelengths: readonly number[];\n  /** Per CFA channel (red, green, blue): expected electrons per unit spectral radiance at each node. */\n  perNode: readonly [Float64Array, Float64Array, Float64Array];\n  /** Pixel-aperture nodes in sites from the site centre (`apertureNodeOffsets(boxSamples)`) and the box sample count. */\n  apertureNodes: readonly { x: number; y: number }[];\n  boxSamples: number;\n  antiAliasing?: { components: readonly { offsetMicrometers: { x: number; y: number }; normalizedWeight: number }[] } | undefined;\n  pitch: number;\n  /** Object-space diffraction: the kernel radius, the PSF and its profile wavelengths. */\n  diffraction?: { radius: number; psf: Psf; profileWavelengths: readonly number[] } | undefined;\n  /**\n   * #569: a lens PSF's kernels per spectral node on the site lattice (the catalogue lens's at the frame centre; the display view's\n   * lens signal reads each field zone's own), used when there is no diffraction and no defocus disc (the lens's PSF includes both).\n   */\n  lensKernels?: { radius: number; perNode: Float64Array[] } | undefined;\n  /** Defocus (#492): the geometric disc on the site lattice, (2R + 1)² row-major weights; absent or null in focus. */\n  defocus?: { radius: number; weights: Float64Array } | null | undefined;\n  /**\n   * #564: a defocus kernel above the direct radius, as runs, used instead of `defocus`: the tables keep the in-focus kernels\n   * (diffraction, or a unit tap per node for the lattice formula) and the expected signal convolves the result with it. A\n   * `defocus` disc of radius above 64 sites takes this path too.\n   */\n  largeDefocus?: SiteKernelRuns | undefined;\n  /** Material scenes: the materials (neutral reflectances, or radiance per wavelength), the material lookup and the white radiance. */\n  materials?: { list: readonly ({ neutral: number } | { radiance: (nm: number) => number })[]; materialAt(u: number, v: number): number; whiteRadiance(nm: number): number } | undefined;\n  radianceAt(u: number, v: number, nm: number): number;\n  /** #581, image-plane scenes: the provider's `imageSignalScene` (the radiance, and the direct path's signals integrated from each pixel's reconstructed spectrum). */\n  imageSignalScene?: ((wavelengths: readonly number[], perNode: readonly Float64Array[]) => DisplayViewScene) | undefined;\n  imagingArea: { widthMm: number; heightMm: number };\n  focalLengthMm: number;\n  focusDistanceM: number;\n  subjectDistanceM: number;\n  metresPerFrameUnit: number;\n  /** Prefix of the error messages (\"simulateDisplayView\", \"simulateCapture\"). */\n  caller: string;\n}\n\n/** The query offsets of each site and the expected-signal input (see the module comment). */\nexport function buildExpectedSignalInput(input: ExpectedSignalSetupInput): { offsets: { x: number; y: number; weight: number }[]; signalInput: DisplayViewExpectedSignalInput } {\n  const { boxSamples, pitch, wavelengths, imagingArea, subjectDistanceM, metresPerFrameUnit } = input;\n  // Query offsets of each site: pixel-aperture nodes minus anti-aliasing split offsets (sites, +x right, +y down), as the environment forms them.\n  const spots = input.antiAliasing ? input.antiAliasing.components : [{ offsetMicrometers: { x: 0, y: 0 }, normalizedWeight: 1 }];\n  const offsets = input.apertureNodes.flatMap((node) => spots.map((c) => ({ x: node.x - c.offsetMicrometers.x / pitch, y: node.y - c.offsetMicrometers.y / pitch,\n    weight: c.normalizedWeight / (boxSamples * boxSamples) })));\n  // Diffraction: the same per-node site kernels as the object-space convolution (createDiffractedPlanarProvider).\n  let kernels: { radius: number; perNode: Float64Array[] } | undefined;\n  const diffraction = input.diffraction;\n  if (diffraction) {\n    const radius = diffraction.radius;\n    kernels = { radius, perNode: wavelengths.map((wavelengthNm) => {\n      if (!diffraction.profileWavelengths.includes(wavelengthNm)) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(input.caller + \": a spectral node has no diffraction kernel.\");\n      return siteDiffractionKernel(diffraction.psf, wavelengthNm, pitch, radius, input.caller + \": diffraction kernels must sample the site pitch exactly.\");\n    }) };\n  }\n  if (input.lensKernels) {\n    if (diffraction || input.defocus || input.largeDefocus) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(input.caller + \": a lens PSF includes its own diffraction and defocus.\");\n    if (input.lensKernels.perNode.length !== wavelengths.length) throw new InvalidConfigurationError(input.caller + \": the lens PSF needs one kernel per spectral node.\");\n    kernels = input.lensKernels;\n  }\n  // #564: a disc above the direct radius (64 sites) is convolved by runs after the in-focus signal instead (below).\n  const largeDefocus = input.largeDefocus ?? (input.defocus && input.defocus.radius > DEFOCUS_DIRECT_KERNEL_MAXIMUM_RADIUS_SITES ?\n    siteKernelRuns(input.defocus.weights, input.defocus.radius) : undefined);\n  // Defocus (#492): the disc alone at every node (one shared array), or each node's diffraction kernel convolved with it.\n  const defocus = largeDefocus ? undefined : input.defocus;\n  if (defocus) {\n    const diffracted = kernels;\n    kernels = diffracted ? { radius: diffracted.radius + defocus.radius, perNode: diffracted.perNode.map((k) => convolveSiteKernels(k, diffracted.radius, defocus.weights, defocus.radius)) } :\n      { radius: defocus.radius, perNode: wavelengths.map(() => defocus.weights) };\n  }\n  // #564: a large defocus kernel is applied after the in-focus signal (expected-signal.ts); without diffraction the in-focus\n  // kernels are a unit tap per node, so the tables read the scene on the lattice formula as the defocus path does.\n  if (largeDefocus && !kernels) kernels = { radius: 0, perNode: wavelengths.map(() => UNIT_TAP) };\n  // Chart presets and (2.7) caller material scenes take the material path: each material tabulated once per node.\n  const materials = input.materials;\n  const scene: DisplayViewScene = materials ? { kind: \"materials\", materialAt: materials.materialAt,\n    materials: materials.list.map((m) => (\"neutral\" in m ? { neutral: m.neutral } : { radiance: Float64Array.from(wavelengths, (nm) => m.radiance(nm)) })),\n    whiteRadiance: Float64Array.from(wavelengths, (nm) => materials.whiteRadiance(nm)) } :\n    input.imageSignalScene ? input.imageSignalScene(wavelengths, input.perNode) : { kind: \"radiance\", radianceAt: input.radianceAt };\n  const channelIndex = (x: number, y: number): number => ((y & 1) === 0 ? ((x & 1) === 0 ? 0 : 1) : ((x & 1) === 0 ? 1 : 2));\n  // Without diffraction the environment's own query arithmetic (native-environment-lean.ts `geometry`, then the rectilinear\n  // still-camera ray and the planar provider's plane point), so boundary points resolve as in the capture.\n  const projectionDistance = resolveProjectionDistanceMm(input.focalLengthMm, input.focusDistanceM).projectionDistanceMm, siteWidthMm = pitch / 1000;\n  const nodePhases = input.apertureNodes.flatMap((_, index) => spots.map((c) => ({ xPhase: (index % boxSamples + 0.5) / boxSamples, yPhase: (Math.floor(index / boxSamples) + 0.5) / boxSamples,\n    aaX: c.offsetMicrometers.x / 1000, aaY: c.offsetMicrometers.y / 1000 })));\n  const queryPoint = (x: number, y: number, o: number, out: Float64Array): void => {\n    const node = nodePhases[o]!;\n    const centerX = -imagingArea.widthMm / 2 + (pitch / 2 + x * pitch + 0) / 1000, centerY = -imagingArea.heightMm / 2 + (pitch / 2 + y * pitch + 0) / 1000;\n    const sourceX = (centerX - siteWidthMm / 2 + node.xPhase * siteWidthMm) - node.aaX, sourceY = (centerY - siteWidthMm / 2 + node.yPhase * siteWidthMm) - node.aaY;\n    const rx = projectionDistance * (sourceX / projectionDistance), ry = projectionDistance * (-sourceY / projectionDistance);\n    const length = hypot3(rx, ry, projectionDistance), t = subjectDistanceM / (projectionDistance / length);\n    out[0] = rx / length * t / metresPerFrameUnit; out[1] = ry / length * t / metresPerFrameUnit;\n  };\n  return { offsets, signalInput: { nativeWidth: input.nativeWidth, nativeHeight: input.nativeHeight, outputWidth: input.width, wavelengthsNm: wavelengths,\n    electronsPerRadiance: input.perNode, offsets, ...(kernels ? { kernels } : { queryPoint }), ...(largeDefocus ? { largeKernel: largeDefocus } : {}), scene, channelAt: channelIndex } };\n}\n"]}

package/dist/facade/expected-signal.d.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import type { ImagePlaneSignalScene } from "./scene-radiance.js";
 import { type SiteKernelRuns } from "../optics/site-kernel-runs.js";
 /** A query offset from a site centre in sites (+x right, +y down) and its weight (pixel-aperture node × filter spot). */
 export interface DisplayViewQueryOffset {
@@ -19,7 +20,14 @@ export type DisplayViewScene = {
     whiteRadiance: Float64Array;
 } | {
     kind: "radiance";
-    radianceAt(u: number, v: number, nm: number): number;
+    radianceAt(u: number, v: number, nm: number, t?: number): number;
+    /**
+     * #581, an image-plane scene's direct path: the signal of channel c, each pixel's Σ_n A_c(λ_n)·L_n integrated from its
+     * reconstructed spectrum and interpolated between pixels (a site without kernels takes it instead of one radiance lookup per node).
+     */
+    signalAt?(u: number, v: number, c: number): number;
+    /** #581: the image-plane print behind `signalAt` (its scene, spectral nodes and surround), for the GPU's image-plane module. */
+    image?: ImagePlaneSignalScene["image"];
 };
 export interface DisplayViewExpectedSignalInput {
     nativeWidth: number;
@@ -103,21 +111,31 @@ export interface DisplayViewExpectedSignal {
     markReads(xs: Int32Array, ys: Int32Array, values: Float64Array, materials: Int32Array, count: number): void;
 }
 /**
- * The tables of `createDisplayViewExpectedSignal` (see there) that are a function of the input's numbers alone: the materials,
- * the lattice groups' geometry and combined kernels, and the per-material sums. Written only while they are built, never after:
- * they are shared by every render of an input and, for chart materials, by every input of the same content (#449). Everything a
- * render changes (each group's window cache and its origin and size, the bands, rings and counts) lives in the render.
+ * The tables of `createDisplayViewExpectedSignal` (see there) that are a function of the input's numbers alone: the materials'
+ * spectra, the lattice groups' geometry and their combined kernels per spectral node, and each channel's kernel sums per node.
+ * Written only while they are built, never after: they are shared by every render of an input and, for chart materials, by every
+ * input of the same content (#449). Everything a render changes (each group's window cache and its origin and size, the bands,
+ * rings and counts) lives in the render.
+ *
+ * Signals are integrated from the material spectrum per site (2.21.0): no table holds a material's value for a channel. A
+ * material is kept as its spectral radiance at the nodes, L_m(λ_n) (a neutral one: its reflectance times the white radiance),
+ * and a site's signal is formed from the spectra of the materials it reads, against its own channel's response, when it is read.
  */
 export interface SignalTables {
-    readonly reflectance: Float64Array;
-    readonly spectralIndex: Int32Array;
-    readonly spectral: readonly Float64Array[];
+    /** Per chart material, its spectral radiance at each node (empty for radiance scenes). */
+    readonly spectra: readonly Float64Array[];
     readonly groups: readonly GroupTables[];
-    readonly neutralDirect: readonly number[];
-    readonly spectralDirect: readonly (readonly number[])[];
-    readonly uniformSite: readonly Float64Array[];
+    /**
+     * With kernels, chart materials: per channel c and node n, S_c(n) = Σ_groups Σ_t C_c(t, n), summed in the order a site reads its
+     * taps (groups in order, taps row-major), so a site whose every tap reads one material is the same sum as any other site.
+     */
+    readonly kernelSums: readonly Float64Array[];
 }
-/** A lattice group's fixed part: its fractional shift, members, index bounds, rectangle and combined kernels. */
+/**
+ * A lattice group's fixed part: its fractional shift, members, index bounds, rectangle and combined kernels. Chart materials:
+ * `nodeKernels[c]` holds C_c(t, n) = Σ_members w·A_c(λ_n)·K_n(t) at t·N + n (a channel's response and kernel per node, no
+ * material). Radiance scenes: `perNode[n][c]` the same values per node.
+ */
 export interface GroupTables {
     fx: number;
     fy: number;
@@ -132,8 +150,7 @@ export interface GroupTables {
     maxIy: number;
     cw: number;
     ch: number;
-    neutral: Float64Array[];
-    spectral: Float64Array[][];
+    nodeKernels: Float64Array[];
     perNode: Float64Array[][];
 }
 /** Chart-material tables kept by content across input objects (#449), least recently used first. */
@@ -157,6 +174,22 @@ export declare function displayViewSignalTables(input: DisplayViewExpectedSignal
  * which would only evict the view's own entries).
  */
 export declare function buildTables(input: DisplayViewExpectedSignalInput): SignalTables;
+/**
+ * A site's per-material kernel sums (2.21.0, signals integrated from the material spectrum per site). For each distinct chart
+ * material the site's taps read, P_m(n) = Σ_{taps t that read m} C_c(t, n), added in tap order; the site's signal is then
+ * Σ_m Σ_n L_m(λ_n)·P_m(n), the materials in the order of their first tap. A site whose every tap reads material m has P_m = S_c
+ * (`SignalTables.kernelSums`, summed in the same order), so adding S_c once gives the same value without reading its taps.
+ */
+export interface MaterialSums {
+    reset(): void;
+    /** Adds f·k[at .. at + N) to material m's sums (f: a tap's field factor; 1, an exact product, without one). */
+    add(m: number, k: Float64Array, at: number, f?: number): void;
+    /** Σ_m Σ_n L_m(λ_n)·P_m(n) over the materials added since the last reset. */
+    value(): number;
+}
+export declare function createMaterialSums(nodes: number, spectra: readonly Float64Array[]): MaterialSums;
+/** A chart material's signal for channel response a without kernels: Σ_n A_c(λ_n)·L_m(λ_n), integrated from its spectrum. */
+export declare function materialSpectrumSignal(a: ArrayLike<number>, spectrum: ArrayLike<number> | undefined, nodes: number): number;
 /**
  * Expected photo electrons per site: μ_c(i, j) = Σ_o w_o Σ_λ A_c(λ) Σ_t K_λ(t)·L(p_o(i, j) − t, λ), where p_o is the
  * query point of offset o and K the diffraction kernel (a single unit tap without diffraction). This is the sum the

package/dist/facade/expected-signal.js

@@ -111,20 +111,10 @@ export function buildTables(input) {
     const nodes = input.wavelengthsNm.length, R = input.kernels ? input.kernels.radius : 0, size = 2 * R + 1;
     const A = input.electronsPerRadiance, scene = input.scene, offsets = input.offsets;
     const kernelAt = (node, t) => (input.kernels ? input.kernels.perNode[node][t] : 1);
-    // Materials: neutral ones by reflectance, spectral ones by index.
-    let reflectance = new Float64Array(0), spectralIndex = new Int32Array(0);
-    const spectral = [];
-    if (scene.kind === "materials") {
-        reflectance = new Float64Array(scene.materials.length);
-        spectralIndex = new Int32Array(scene.materials.length).fill(-1);
-        // A copy of each spectral radiance: the tables may outlive the input and serve other inputs of the same content.
-        scene.materials.forEach((m, index) => { if ("neutral" in m)
-            reflectance[index] = m.neutral;
-        else {
-            spectralIndex[index] = spectral.length;
-            spectral.push(Float64Array.from(m.radiance));
-        } });
-    }
+    // Each material's spectral radiance at the nodes (a copy: the tables may outlive the input and serve other inputs of the same
+    // content). A neutral material's spectrum is its reflectance times the white radiance.
+    const spectra = scene.kind === "materials" ?
+        scene.materials.map((m) => ("neutral" in m ? Float64Array.from(scene.whiteRadiance, (w) => m.neutral * w) : Float64Array.from(m.radiance))) : [];
     // Offsets grouped by fractional shift: offsets that differ by whole sites share one lattice.
     const frac = (v) => { const f = v - Math.floor(v); return f > 1 - OFFSET_TOLERANCE || f < OFFSET_TOLERANCE ? 0 : f; };
     const groups = [];
@@ -132,7 +122,7 @@ export function buildTables(input) {
         const fx = frac(o.x), fy = frac(o.y), ix = Math.round(o.x - fx), iy = Math.round(o.y - fy);
         let group = groups.find((q) => Math.abs(q.fx - fx) <= OFFSET_TOLERANCE && Math.abs(q.fy - fy) <= OFFSET_TOLERANCE);
         if (!group) {
-            group = { fx, fy, members: [], minIx: ix, maxIx: ix, minIy: iy, maxIy: iy, cw: 0, ch: 0, neutral: [], spectral: [], perNode: [] };
+            group = { fx, fy, members: [], minIx: ix, maxIx: ix, minIy: iy, maxIy: iy, cw: 0, ch: 0, nodeKernels: [], perNode: [] };
             groups.push(group);
         }
         group.members.push({ ix, iy, weight: o.weight });
@@ -161,34 +151,89 @@ export function buildTables(input) {
                 return out;
             });
             if (scene.kind === "materials") {
-                group.neutral = combine((c, n, t) => A[c][n] * kernelAt(n, t) * scene.whiteRadiance[n]);
-                const perMaterial = spectral.map((radiance) => combine((c, n, t) => A[c][n] * kernelAt(n, t) * radiance[n]));
-                group.spectral = [0, 1, 2].map((c) => perMaterial.map((tables) => tables[c]));
+                // The channel's response and kernel per node, C_c(t, n) at t·N + n: no material radiance is folded in.
+                group.nodeKernels = [0, 1, 2].map((c) => {
+                    const out = new Float64Array(cw * ch * nodes);
+                    for (const member of group.members)
+                        for (let tv = -R, t = 0; tv <= R; tv++)
+                            for (let tu = -R; tu <= R; tu++, t++) {
+                                const index = ((member.iy - tv - group.minIy + R) * cw + (member.ix - tu - group.minIx + R)) * nodes;
+                                for (let n = 0; n < nodes; n++)
+                                    out[index + n] = out[index + n] + member.weight * (A[c][n] * kernelAt(n, t));
+                            }
+                    return out;
+                });
             }
             else {
                 // Radiance scenes: combined kernels per node, applied to the cached radiance at each node.
                 group.perNode = Array.from({ length: nodes }, (_, n) => combine((c, node, t) => (node === n ? A[c][n] * kernelAt(n, t) : 0)));
             }
         }
-    // Neutral tap-0 signal per channel and spectral per material, for the direct (no-kernel) path.
-    const neutralDirect = scene.kind === "materials" ? [0, 1, 2].map((c) => { let s = 0; for (let n = 0; n < nodes; n++)
-        s += A[c][n] * scene.whiteRadiance[n]; return s; }) : [];
-    const spectralDirect = [0, 1, 2].map((c) => spectral.map((radiance) => { let s = 0; for (let n = 0; n < nodes; n++)
-        s += A[c][n] * radiance[n]; return s; }));
-    const uniformSite = scene.kind === "materials" && input.kernels ? [0, 1, 2].map((c) => Float64Array.from(scene.materials, (_, m) => {
-        const si = spectralIndex[m];
-        let sum = 0;
+    // Per channel the kernel sums per node, in a site's tap order (see SignalTables.kernelSums): response and kernels only.
+    const kernelSums = scene.kind === "materials" && input.kernels ? [0, 1, 2].map((c) => {
+        const out = new Float64Array(nodes);
         for (const group of groups) {
-            const nk = group.neutral[c], sk = si < 0 ? nk : group.spectral[c][si];
+            const k = group.nodeKernels[c];
             for (let t = 0; t < group.cw * group.ch; t++)
-                sum += si < 0 ? reflectance[m] * nk[t] : sk[t];
+                for (let n = 0; n < nodes; n++)
+                    out[n] = out[n] + k[t * nodes + n];
         }
-        return sum;
-    })) : [];
+        return out;
+    }) : [];
     // Frozen records: a render copies each group before it gives it a window (see createDisplayViewExpectedSignal).
     for (const group of groups)
         Object.freeze(group);
-    return Object.freeze({ reflectance, spectralIndex, spectral, groups, neutralDirect, spectralDirect, uniformSite });
+    return Object.freeze({ spectra, groups, kernelSums });
+}
+export function createMaterialSums(nodes, spectra) {
+    // A site reads at most every material once: one slot per material, in the order of the site's first taps.
+    let count = 0, last = -1, lastAt = 0;
+    const ids = new Int32Array(spectra.length), sums = new Float64Array(spectra.length * nodes);
+    /** The offset of material m's sums, a new zeroed slot when the site has not read m yet. */
+    const slot = (m) => {
+        if (m === last)
+            return lastAt;
+        let a = 0;
+        while (a < count && ids[a] !== m)
+            a++;
+        if (a === count) {
+            if (spectra[m] === undefined)
+                throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Unknown chart material.");
+            ids[count++] = m;
+            sums.fill(0, a * nodes, (a + 1) * nodes);
+        }
+        last = m;
+        lastAt = a * nodes;
+        return lastAt;
+    };
+    return {
+        reset() { count = 0; last = -1; },
+        add(m, k, at, f = 1) {
+            const base = slot(m);
+            for (let n = 0; n < nodes; n++)
+                sums[base + n] = sums[base + n] + f * k[at + n];
+        },
+        value() {
+            let sum = 0;
+            for (let a = 0; a < count; a++) {
+                const L = spectra[ids[a]], base = a * nodes;
+                let v = 0;
+                for (let n = 0; n < nodes; n++)
+                    v += L[n] * sums[base + n];
+                sum += v;
+            }
+            return sum;
+        }
+    };
+}
+/** A chart material's signal for channel response a without kernels: Σ_n A_c(λ_n)·L_m(λ_n), integrated from its spectrum. */
+export function materialSpectrumSignal(a, spectrum, nodes) {
+    if (!spectrum)
+        throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Unknown chart material.");
+    let s = 0;
+    for (let n = 0; n < nodes; n++)
+        s += a[n] * spectrum[n];
+    return s;
 }
 /**
  * Expected photo electrons per site: μ_c(i, j) = Σ_o w_o Σ_λ A_c(λ) Σ_t K_λ(t)·L(p_o(i, j) − t, λ), where p_o is the
@@ -217,16 +262,10 @@ export function createDisplayViewExpectedSignal(input, spanColumns = Infinity) {
     // prepared view, which passes the same input object: computed once per input. Each render gets its own groups' window caches.
     // Chart-material tables are also shared by inputs of the same content (#449): each render gets its own groups' window state.
     const prepared = PREPARED.get(input) ?? prepareSignal(input);
-    const { reflectance, spectralIndex, spectral, neutralDirect, spectralDirect, uniformSite } = prepared.tables;
+    const { spectra, kernelSums } = prepared.tables;
     const groups = prepared.tables.groups.map((group) => ({ ...group, cache: new Int32Array(0), cx0: 0, cy0: 0, cpw: 0, cph: 0 }));
     let lookups = 0;
-    const point = new Float64Array(2);
-    const materialSignalDirect = (m, c) => {
-        const si = spectralIndex[m];
-        if (si === undefined)
-            throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Unknown chart material.");
-        return si < 0 ? reflectance[m] * neutralDirect[c] : spectralDirect[c][si];
-    };
+    const point = new Float64Array(2), acc = createMaterialSums(nodes, spectra);
     /**
      * Without diffraction: one site from the environment's own query points. Also sets lastMaterial: the chart material every
      * query point read, or −1 when they read more than one (or the scene is a radiance scene). A site whose points all read
@@ -234,14 +273,23 @@ export function createDisplayViewExpectedSignal(input, spanColumns = Infinity) {
      */
     function directSite(x, y) {
         const c = channelAt(x, y);
-        let sum = 0, uniform = -1;
+        let sum = 0, uniform = -1, lastM = -1, lastValue = 0;
         for (let o = 0; o < offsets.length; o++) {
             input.queryPoint(x, y, o, point);
             let value;
             if (scene.kind === "materials") {
                 const m = scene.materialAt(point[0], point[1]);
                 uniform = o === 0 || uniform === m ? m : -2;
-                value = materialSignalDirect(m, c);
+                // Integrated from the material's spectrum against the site's channel, once per material change within the site.
+                if (m !== lastM) {
+                    lastValue = materialSpectrumSignal(A[c], spectra[m], nodes);
+                    lastM = m;
+                }
+                value = lastValue;
+                lookups++;
+            }
+            else if (scene.signalAt) {
+                value = scene.signalAt(point[0], point[1], c);
                 lookups++;
             }
             else {
@@ -293,17 +341,14 @@ export function createDisplayViewExpectedSignal(input, spanColumns = Infinity) {
     function kernelSite(x, y) {
         const c = channelAt(x, y);
         let sum = 0;
+        acc.reset();
         for (const group of groups) {
             const p0 = x + group.minIx - R, q0 = y + group.minIy - R, cw = group.cw, ch = group.ch;
             if (scene.kind === "materials") {
-                const nk = group.neutral[c], sk = group.spectral[c];
+                const k = group.nodeKernels[c];
                 for (let dy = 0; dy < ch; dy++)
-                    for (let dx = 0; dx < cw; dx++) {
-                        const m = latticeMaterial(group, p0 + dx, q0 + dy), si = spectralIndex[m];
-                        if (si === undefined)
-                            throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Unknown chart material.");
-                        sum += si < 0 ? reflectance[m] * nk[dy * cw + dx] : sk[si][dy * cw + dx];
-                    }
+                    for (let dx = 0; dx < cw; dx++)
+                        acc.add(latticeMaterial(group, p0 + dx, q0 + dy), k, (dy * cw + dx) * nodes);
             }
             else {
                 for (let dy = 0; dy < ch; dy++)
@@ -314,18 +359,9 @@ export function createDisplayViewExpectedSignal(input, spanColumns = Infinity) {
                     }
             }
         }
-        return sum;
+        return scene.kind === "materials" ? acc.value() : sum;
     }
-    // Filled windows (chart materials with diffraction, every lattice point of the window cacheable): each group keeps a band of
-    // looked-up lattice materials that covers the window's rows and grows to the right as the windows of a display row move
-    // right, with summed-area tables of material changes. A site whose kernel reads one material only (each group's rectangle
-    // uniform, the same material in all) takes the value of the same sum over that material, precomputed below in the same
-    // order; other sites run the same sum from the band. Either way each site's value is the same sequence of operations as
-    // kernelSite, so it is bit-identical. The scene lookup count stays the count kernelSite's lazy window cache makes (each
-    // cache point a computed site reads counts once per window, points outside the cache once per read): the rectangles of
-    // the sites computed in a window are counted when the window closes (windowLookups).
-    const allNeutral = spectral.length === 0;
-    const bands = groups.map(() => ({ x0: 0, y0: 0, rows: 0, capacity: 0, filled: 0, material: new Int32Array(0), reflectance: new Float64Array(0),
+    const bands = groups.map(() => ({ x0: 0, y0: 0, rows: 0, capacity: 0, filled: 0, material: new Int32Array(0),
         changeLeft: new Int32Array(0), changeUp: new Int32Array(0), v: new Float64Array(0) }));
     // Lattice rows of material indices per group, kept across windows (filled windows only): rows LATTICE_RING_ROWS apart share a
     // slot; columns from −LATTICE_RING_MARGIN. Int16 when every index fits (about 3 MB for four groups of a 6000-site row). A
@@ -356,10 +392,8 @@ export function createDisplayViewExpectedSignal(input, spanColumns = Infinity) {
             band.rows = rows;
             band.capacity = capacity;
             band.filled = 0;
-            if (band.material.length < size) {
+            if (band.material.length < size)
                 band.material = new Int32Array(size);
-                band.reflectance = new Float64Array(allNeutral ? size : 0);
-            }
             if (band.changeLeft.length < tables) {
                 band.changeLeft = new Int32Array(tables);
                 band.changeUp = new Int32Array(tables);
@@ -399,11 +433,9 @@ export function createDisplayViewExpectedSignal(input, spanColumns = Infinity) {
                 }
                 else
                     m = materials.materialAt(u, band.v[j]);
-                if (spectralIndex[m] === undefined)
+                if (!spectra[m])
                     throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Unknown chart material.");
                 material[j * stride + i] = m;
-                if (allNeutral)
-                    band.reflectance[j * stride + i] = reflectance[m];
                 const changedLeft = i > 0 && material[j * stride + i - 1] !== m ? 1 : 0, changedUp = j > 0 && material[(j - 1) * stride + i] !== m ? 1 : 0;
                 left[(j + 1) * S1 + i + 1] = left[j * S1 + i + 1] + left[(j + 1) * S1 + i] - left[j * S1 + i] + changedLeft;
                 up[(j + 1) * S1 + i + 1] = up[j * S1 + i + 1] + up[(j + 1) * S1 + i] - up[j * S1 + i] + changedUp;
@@ -437,49 +469,25 @@ export function createDisplayViewExpectedSignal(input, spanColumns = Infinity) {
             }
             if (m >= 0) {
                 lastMaterial = m;
-                return uniformSite[c][m];
+                acc.reset();
+                acc.add(m, kernelSums[c], 0);
+                return acc.value();
             }
         }
         lastMaterial = -1;
-        let sum = 0;
+        acc.reset();
         for (let g = 0; g < groups.length; g++) {
-            const group = groups[g], band = bands[g], cw = group.cw, ch = group.ch, nk = group.neutral[c], sk = group.spectral[c], stride = band.capacity;
+            const group = groups[g], band = bands[g], cw = group.cw, ch = group.ch, k = group.nodeKernels[c], stride = band.capacity;
             const p0 = x + group.minIx - R, q0 = y + group.minIy - R, bi = p0 - band.x0, bj = q0 - band.y0;
-            if (inside && allNeutral) {
-                const refl = band.reflectance;
-                for (let dy = 0, t = 0; dy < ch; dy++) {
-                    const row = (bj + dy) * stride + bi;
-                    for (let dx = 0; dx < cw; dx++, t++)
-                        sum += refl[row + dx] * nk[t];
+            // A site inside the window reads every tap from the band; one outside it looks up the taps beyond the window cache.
+            for (let dy = 0, t = 0; dy < ch; dy++)
+                for (let dx = 0; dx < cw; dx++, t++) {
+                    const ci = i + dx, cj = j + dy;
+                    acc.add(inside || (ci >= 0 && cj >= 0 && ci < group.cpw && cj < group.cph) ? band.material[(bj + dy) * stride + bi + dx] :
+                        scene.materialAt(latticeU(group, p0 + dx), latticeV(group, q0 + dy)), k, t * nodes);
                 }
-            }
-            else if (inside) {
-                const material = band.material;
-                for (let dy = 0, t = 0; dy < ch; dy++) {
-                    const row = (bj + dy) * stride + bi;
-                    for (let dx = 0; dx < cw; dx++, t++) {
-                        const m = material[row + dx], si = spectralIndex[m];
-                        sum += si < 0 ? reflectance[m] * nk[t] : sk[si][t];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            else {
-                for (let dy = 0; dy < ch; dy++)
-                    for (let dx = 0; dx < cw; dx++) {
-                        const ci = i + dx, cj = j + dy;
-                        let m;
-                        if (ci >= 0 && cj >= 0 && ci < group.cpw && cj < group.cph)
-                            m = band.material[(bj + dy) * stride + bi + dx];
-                        else
-                            m = scene.materialAt(latticeU(group, p0 + dx), latticeV(group, q0 + dy));
-                        const si = spectralIndex[m];
-                        if (si === undefined)
-                            throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Unknown chart material.");
-                        sum += si < 0 ? reflectance[m] * nk[dy * cw + dx] : sk[si][dy * cw + dx];
-                    }
-            }
         }
-        return sum;
+        return acc.value();
     }
     /** Lattice points of an outside site's rectangles that lie outside the window caches (kernelSite looks these up on every read). */
     function outsideLookups(i, j) {
@@ -519,7 +527,7 @@ export function createDisplayViewExpectedSignal(input, spanColumns = Infinity) {
     // depend on the window). A ring hit counts the lookups directSite would have made, so `lookups` is unchanged. The site's
     // material (directSite's lastMaterial) is kept beside its value, so the display view's one-material memo applies (#444).
     let directRows = 0, directOn = false, directRing = new Float64Array(0), directRowId = new Int32Array(0), directRingMaterial = new Int32Array(0);
-    const directLookups = offsets.length * (scene.kind === "materials" ? 1 : nodes);
+    const directLookups = offsets.length * (scene.kind === "materials" || scene.signalAt ? 1 : nodes);
     function directRead(x, y) {
         const slot = y & (directRows - 1), q = slot * W + x;
         if (directRowId[slot] === y) {
@@ -917,7 +925,7 @@ function createLargeKernelSignal(input) {
 }
 function prepareLargeKernel(input) {
     const W = input.nativeWidth, H = input.nativeHeight, g = 2 / input.outputWidth, nodes = input.wavelengthsNm.length, R = input.kernels.radius;
-    const tables = displayViewSignalTables(input), { reflectance, spectralIndex, groups } = tables, scene = input.scene;
+    const tables = displayViewSignalTables(input), { spectra, groups } = tables, scene = input.scene, acc = createMaterialSums(nodes, spectra);
     const state = { lookups: 0 };
     const latticeU = (group, p) => (group.fx === 0 ? (p + 0.5 - W / 2) * g : (p + 0.5 + group.fx - W / 2) * g);
     const latticeV = (group, q) => (group.fy === 0 ? -(q + 0.5 - H / 2) * g : -(q + 0.5 + group.fy - H / 2) * g);
@@ -935,18 +943,15 @@ function prepareLargeKernel(input) {
                 }
                 state.lookups += gw * gh;
                 for (let c = 0; c < 3; c++) {
-                    const nk = group.neutral[c], sk = group.spectral[c], e = out[c];
+                    const k = group.nodeKernels[c], e = out[c];
                     for (let y = 0; y < T; y++)
                         for (let x = 0; x < T; x++) {
-                            let sum = 0;
+                            // Each group's part of the site, integrated from its taps' material spectra (MaterialSums).
+                            acc.reset();
                             for (let dy = 0; dy < ch; dy++)
-                                for (let dx = 0; dx < cw; dx++) {
-                                    const m = material[(y + dy) * gw + x + dx], si = spectralIndex[m];
-                                    if (si === undefined)
-                                        throw new InvalidConfigurationError("Unknown chart material.");
-                                    sum += si < 0 ? reflectance[m] * nk[dy * cw + dx] : sk[si][dy * cw + dx];
-                                }
-                            e[y * T + x] = e[y * T + x] + sum;
+                                for (let dx = 0; dx < cw; dx++)
+                                    acc.add(material[(y + dy) * gw + x + dx], k, (dy * cw + dx) * nodes);
+                            e[y * T + x] = e[y * T + x] + acc.value();
                         }
                 }
             }