@photivra/engine 2.18.0 → 2.20.0

package/dist/optics/pupil-vignetting.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Physical vignetting models derived from pupil geometry. They are separate from the\n * calculateIlluminationVignetting() polynomial, whose coefficients the caller supplies.\n *\n * Apply at most one field-throughput model to a signal. Do not stack these results on top of a\n * supplied field-throughput profile.\n *\n * Natural vignetting (relative illumination of an aberration-free system with a uniform Lambertian\n * exit pupil):\n * - cosine-fourth: E(theta) / E(0) = cos^4(theta), theta the image-space chief-ray angle with\n *   tan(theta) = h / z for image height h and exit-pupil distance z (Greivenkamp, OPTI-502 course\n *   notes, University of Arizona, sec. 11, free. Also see: Slater 1980 Photographic Systems for\n *   Engineers; Kingslake, Lens Design Fundamentals, 2nd ed., sec. 6.5; Ray, Applied Photographic\n *   Optics, 3rd ed., sec. 12). It is the small-pupil limit of the next model.\n * - finite-lambertian-pupil: exact irradiance from a uniform Lambertian disk of radius a at distance z\n *   onto a parallel plane at lateral offset h (Foote 1915, Bull. Bureau of Standards 12:583):\n *   E = (pi L / 2) [1 - (z^2 + h^2 - a^2) / sqrt((z^2 + h^2 + a^2)^2 - 4 a^2 h^2)],\n *   normalised by its on-axis value pi L a^2 / (z^2 + a^2). For a -> 0 it tends to cos^4(theta).\n *   Pupil aberration and pupil distortion are not modeled.\n *\n * Mechanical (optical) vignetting and the cat's-eye pupil:\n * - At field angle theta, each clipping aperture (a lens barrel or element rim, referred to the\n *   entrance-pupil plane) appears as a circle of its declared radius. The circle is shifted by\n *   shiftPerTanFieldMm * tan(theta) along the field azimuth.\n * - The open pupil is where the entrance-pupil circle overlaps every shifted circle. Off axis, the\n *   bundle stays circular and centred on the chief ray, and an aperture passes only the part of it\n *   that it covers (Greivenkamp, OPTI-502 course notes, University of Arizona, sec. 10, free. Also\n *   see: Kingslake, Lens Design Fundamentals, sec. 6.4; Smith, Modern Optical Engineering, 4th ed.,\n *   sec. 6.3).\n * - With one aperture, the area is the exact area of the two-circle overlap.\n * - With any number of apertures, the exact convex boundary is also returned, sampled as a polygon\n *   in pupil-plane mm (+X right, +Y up). Use it as a polygon pupil for\n *   calculatePolygonPupilFraunhoferPsf() or as a mask for createWavefrontPupilGrid().\n * The combined relative illumination is cos^4(theta) x open-area ratio. This assumes an object at\n * infinity, a stop imaged without pupil aberration, and an object-space field angle equal to the\n * chief-ray angle.\n * @see docs/PHYSICS_FOUNDATION.md for the equations, units, coordinate conventions, known blockers\n * and support limits.\n */\n\nimport {\n  approximationResult,\n  calculatedResult,\n  type CalculationResult\n} from \"../core/calculation-result.js\";\nimport {\n  InvalidScientificInputError,\n  requirePositiveFinite\n} from \"../core/validation.js\";\nimport { requireInputKeys } from \"../core/record-validation.js\";\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\n\nexport type NaturalVignettingModel =\n  | \"cosine-fourth\"\n  | \"finite-lambertian-pupil\";\n\nexport interface CalculateNaturalVignettingInput {\n  model: NaturalVignettingModel;\n  /** Image-plane point relative to the optical axis, mm. */\n  imagePointMm: { x: number; y: number };\n  /** Axial distance from the exit pupil to the image plane, mm. */\n  exitPupilDistanceMm: number;\n  /** Exit-pupil diameter, mm; required for finite-lambertian-pupil. */\n  exitPupilDiameterMm?: number;\n}\n\nexport interface NaturalVignetting {\n  model: NaturalVignettingModel;\n  /** Image-space chief-ray angle, radians. */\n  chiefRayAngleRadians: number;\n  /** Relative illumination E / E(axis), in (0, 1]. */\n  relativeIllumination: number;\n  /** Positive exposure loss, stops. */\n  attenuationStops: number;\n  /** cos^4 of the chief-ray angle, reported for comparison. */\n  cosineFourthFactor: number;\n}\n\nexport interface MechanicalVignettingAperture {\n  /** Aperture radius referred to the entrance-pupil plane, mm. */\n  radiusMm: number;\n  /**\n   * Signed shift of the aperture's projected centre per unit tan(field angle), in mm, along the\n   * field azimuth. Positive means toward the field point.\n   */\n  shiftPerTanFieldMm: number;\n}\n\nexport interface CalculateMechanicalVignettingInput {\n  /** Unclipped entrance-pupil diameter, mm. */\n  entrancePupilDiameterMm: number;\n  /** Object-space field angle from the optical axis, degrees, in [0, 90). */\n  fieldAngleDegrees: number;\n  /** Image-plane direction of the field point, degrees counter-clockwise from +X. */\n  fieldAzimuthDegrees: number;\n  /** One through eight clipping apertures. */\n  apertures: readonly MechanicalVignettingAperture[];\n  /** Boundary samples per circle for the polygon, from 16 to 4096 (default 256). */\n  boundarySamplesPerCircle?: number;\n}\n\nexport interface MechanicalVignetting {\n  fieldAngleDegrees: number;\n  fieldAzimuthDegrees: number;\n  entrancePupilAreaSquareMm: number;\n  /** Open area in mm^2. Exact for a single aperture; the polygon area otherwise. */\n  openAreaSquareMm: number;\n  areaMethod: \"exact-circle-circle-intersection\" | \"boundary-polygon\";\n  /** Open area / unclipped pupil area, in [0, 1]. */\n  openAreaRatio: number;\n  /** cos^4(field angle). */\n  cosineFourthFactor: number;\n  /** cos^4(theta) x openAreaRatio. */\n  combinedRelativeIllumination: number;\n  /** Counter-clockwise convex boundary of the open pupil (empty when fully vignetted), mm. */\n  openPupilPolygonMm: readonly { x: number; y: number }[];\n  /** Area centroid of the boundary polygon, mm (null when fully vignetted). */\n  openPupilCentroidMm: { x: number; y: number } | null;\n}\n\nfunction requireFinite(name: string, value: unknown): number {\n  if (typeof value !== \"number\" || !Number.isFinite(value)) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(`${name} must be finite.`);\n  }\n  return value;\n}\n\n/**\n * Natural (cos^4 or finite Lambertian pupil) relative illumination at one image point.\n */\nexport function calculateNaturalVignetting(\n  input: CalculateNaturalVignettingInput\n): CalculationResult<NaturalVignetting> {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"calculateNaturalVignetting\", [\"model\", \"imagePointMm\", \"exitPupilDistanceMm\", \"exitPupilDiameterMm\"]);\n  if (input.model !== \"cosine-fourth\" && input.model !== \"finite-lambertian-pupil\") {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      \"model must be cosine-fourth or finite-lambertian-pupil.\"\n    );\n  }\n  if (typeof input.imagePointMm !== \"object\" || input.imagePointMm === null) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"imagePointMm must be an object.\");\n  }\n  const h = Math.hypot(\n    requireFinite(\"imagePointMm.x\", input.imagePointMm.x),\n    requireFinite(\"imagePointMm.y\", input.imagePointMm.y)\n  );\n  requirePositiveFinite(\"exitPupilDistanceMm\", input.exitPupilDistanceMm);\n  const z = input.exitPupilDistanceMm;\n  const theta = Math.atan2(h, z);\n  const cos2 = (z * z) / (z * z + h * h);\n  const cosineFourthFactor = cos2 * cos2;\n\n  let relativeIllumination: number;\n  if (input.model === \"cosine-fourth\") {\n    if (input.exitPupilDiameterMm !== undefined) {\n      throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n        \"exitPupilDiameterMm is not used by the cosine-fourth model; omit it.\"\n      );\n    }\n    relativeIllumination = cosineFourthFactor;\n  } else {\n    requirePositiveFinite(\"exitPupilDiameterMm\", input.exitPupilDiameterMm as number);\n    const a = (input.exitPupilDiameterMm as number) / 2;\n    const z2 = z * z;\n    const h2 = h * h;\n    const a2 = a * a;\n    // Bracket term written as 2 a^2 (...) / (sqrt + ...) to avoid cancellation for small pupils:\n    // 1 - P / Q = (Q - P) / Q with Q - P = (Q^2 - P^2) / (Q + P) = 4 a^2 z^2 / (Q + P).\n    const p = z2 + h2 - a2;\n    const q = Math.sqrt((z2 + h2 + a2) ** 2 - 4 * a2 * h2);\n    const offAxis = (4 * a2 * z2) / (q * (q + p)) / 2;\n    const onAxis = a2 / (z2 + a2);\n    relativeIllumination = offAxis / onAxis;\n  }\n  if (!(relativeIllumination > 0) || !Number.isFinite(relativeIllumination)) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Natural vignetting relative illumination must remain finite and positive.\"\n    );\n  }\n  relativeIllumination = Math.min(1, relativeIllumination);\n\n  return calculatedResult(\n    {\n      model: input.model,\n      chiefRayAngleRadians: theta,\n      relativeIllumination,\n      attenuationStops: relativeIllumination === 1 ? 0 : -Math.log2(relativeIllumination),\n      cosineFourthFactor\n    },\n    input.model === \"cosine-fourth\"\n      ? \"cosine-fourth-natural-vignetting\"\n      : \"finite-lambertian-pupil-natural-vignetting\",\n    \"1.0.0\",\n    [\n      input.model === \"cosine-fourth\"\n        ? \"Relative illumination cos^4 of the image-space chief-ray angle from the exit-pupil centre\"\n        : \"Exact irradiance from a uniform Lambertian circular exit pupil onto a parallel image plane, normalised on axis\",\n      \"Aberration-free pupil: pupil aberration, pupil distortion and mechanical clipping are not modeled\",\n      \"Throughput only; apply at most one field-throughput model, in scene-linear signal\"\n    ]\n  );\n}\n\n/** Exact area of the intersection of two circles. */\nfunction circleIntersectionArea(r1: number, r2: number, d: number): number {\n  if (d >= r1 + r2) return 0;\n  if (d <= Math.abs(r1 - r2)) return Math.PI * Math.min(r1, r2) ** 2;\n  const clamp = (v: number): number => Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, v));\n  const a1 = Math.acos(clamp((d * d + r1 * r1 - r2 * r2) / (2 * d * r1)));\n  const a2 = Math.acos(clamp((d * d + r2 * r2 - r1 * r1) / (2 * d * r2)));\n  const k = Math.sqrt(\n    Math.max(0, (-d + r1 + r2) * (d + r1 - r2) * (d - r1 + r2) * (d + r1 + r2))\n  );\n  return r1 * r1 * a1 + r2 * r2 * a2 - k / 2;\n}\n\ninterface Circle {\n  x: number;\n  y: number;\n  r: number;\n}\n\nfunction insideAll(\n  point: { x: number; y: number },\n  circles: readonly Circle[],\n  skip: number\n): boolean {\n  return circles.every(\n    (circle, index) =>\n      index === skip ||\n      Math.hypot(point.x - circle.x, point.y - circle.y) <= circle.r * (1 + 1e-12)\n  );\n}\n\n/** Convex boundary of the intersection of circles, sampled with vertices on the true boundary. */\nfunction intersectionPolygon(\n  circles: readonly Circle[],\n  samples: number\n): { x: number; y: number }[] {\n  const points: { x: number; y: number }[] = [];\n  circles.forEach((circle, index) => {\n    for (let k = 0; k < samples; k += 1) {\n      const angle = (2 * Math.PI * k) / samples;\n      const point = {\n        x: circle.x + circle.r * Math.cos(angle),\n        y: circle.y + circle.r * Math.sin(angle)\n      };\n      if (insideAll(point, circles, index)) points.push(point);\n    }\n  });\n  // Pairwise boundary intersection points (the cusps of the cat's eye).\n  for (let i = 0; i < circles.length; i += 1) {\n    for (let j = i + 1; j < circles.length; j += 1) {\n      const a = circles[i]!;\n      const b = circles[j]!;\n      const d = Math.hypot(b.x - a.x, b.y - a.y);\n      if (d === 0 || d >= a.r + b.r || d <= Math.abs(a.r - b.r)) continue;\n      const along = (d * d + a.r * a.r - b.r * b.r) / (2 * d);\n      const half = Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, a.r * a.r - along * along));\n      const ux = (b.x - a.x) / d;\n      const uy = (b.y - a.y) / d;\n      for (const sign of [1, -1]) {\n        const point = {\n          x: a.x + along * ux - sign * half * uy,\n          y: a.y + along * uy + sign * half * ux\n        };\n        if (circles.every((c) => Math.hypot(point.x - c.x, point.y - c.y) <= c.r * (1 + 1e-9))) {\n          points.push(point);\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  if (points.length < 3) return [];\n  const cx = points.reduce((s, p) => s + p.x, 0) / points.length;\n  const cy = points.reduce((s, p) => s + p.y, 0) / points.length;\n  points.sort((p, q) => Math.atan2(p.y - cy, p.x - cx) - Math.atan2(q.y - cy, q.x - cx));\n  // Drop coincident neighbours.\n  const unique = points.filter((p, index) => {\n    const prev = points[(index + points.length - 1) % points.length]!;\n    return index === 0 || Math.hypot(p.x - prev.x, p.y - prev.y) > 1e-12 * (1 + Math.abs(p.x) + Math.abs(p.y));\n  });\n  return unique.length >= 3 ? unique : [];\n}\n\nfunction polygonAreaAndCentroid(\n  polygon: readonly { x: number; y: number }[]\n): { area: number; centroid: { x: number; y: number } } {\n  let twiceArea = 0;\n  let cx = 0;\n  let cy = 0;\n  for (let i = 0; i < polygon.length; i += 1) {\n    const a = polygon[i]!;\n    const b = polygon[(i + 1) % polygon.length]!;\n    const cross = a.x * b.y - b.x * a.y;\n    twiceArea += cross;\n    cx += (a.x + b.x) * cross;\n    cy += (a.y + b.y) * cross;\n  }\n  return {\n    area: twiceArea / 2,\n    centroid: { x: cx / (3 * twiceArea), y: cy / (3 * twiceArea) }\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Mechanical vignetting at one field angle: the open (cat's-eye) pupil from intersecting the\n * entrance pupil with displaced clipping apertures, its area ratio, and cos^4 x area ratio.\n */\nexport function calculateMechanicalVignetting(\n  input: CalculateMechanicalVignettingInput\n): CalculationResult<MechanicalVignetting> {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"calculateMechanicalVignetting\", [\"entrancePupilDiameterMm\", \"fieldAngleDegrees\", \"fieldAzimuthDegrees\", \"apertures\", \"boundarySamplesPerCircle\"]);\n  requirePositiveFinite(\"entrancePupilDiameterMm\", input.entrancePupilDiameterMm);\n  const fieldAngleDegrees = requireFinite(\"fieldAngleDegrees\", input.fieldAngleDegrees);\n  if (fieldAngleDegrees < 0 || fieldAngleDegrees >= 90) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"fieldAngleDegrees must lie in [0, 90).\");\n  }\n  const fieldAzimuthDegrees = requireFinite(\"fieldAzimuthDegrees\", input.fieldAzimuthDegrees);\n  if (!Array.isArray(input.apertures) || input.apertures.length < 1 || input.apertures.length > 8) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"apertures must contain 1 through 8 entries.\");\n  }\n  const samples = input.boundarySamplesPerCircle ?? 256;\n  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(samples) || samples < 16 || samples > 4096) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"boundarySamplesPerCircle must be an integer from 16 through 4096.\"\n    );\n  }\n  const theta = (fieldAngleDegrees * Math.PI) / 180;\n  const azimuth = (fieldAzimuthDegrees * Math.PI) / 180;\n  const tanTheta = Math.tan(theta);\n  const pupilRadius = input.entrancePupilDiameterMm / 2;\n  const circles: Circle[] = [{ x: 0, y: 0, r: pupilRadius }];\n  input.apertures.forEach((aperture, index) => {\n    if (typeof aperture !== \"object\" || aperture === null) {\n      throw new InvalidConfigurationError(`apertures[${index}] must be an object.`);\n    }\n    requirePositiveFinite(`apertures[${index}].radiusMm`, aperture.radiusMm);\n    const shift =\n      requireFinite(`apertures[${index}].shiftPerTanFieldMm`, aperture.shiftPerTanFieldMm) *\n      tanTheta;\n    circles.push({\n      x: shift * Math.cos(azimuth),\n      y: shift * Math.sin(azimuth),\n      r: aperture.radiusMm\n    });\n  });\n\n  const pupilArea = Math.PI * pupilRadius * pupilRadius;\n  const polygon = intersectionPolygon(circles, samples);\n  const geometry = polygon.length >= 3 ? polygonAreaAndCentroid(polygon) : undefined;\n  let openArea: number;\n  let areaMethod: MechanicalVignetting[\"areaMethod\"];\n  if (circles.length === 2) {\n    const other = circles[1]!;\n    openArea = circleIntersectionArea(pupilRadius, other.r, Math.hypot(other.x, other.y));\n    areaMethod = \"exact-circle-circle-intersection\";\n  } else {\n    openArea = geometry?.area ?? 0;\n    areaMethod = \"boundary-polygon\";\n  }\n  const openAreaRatio = Math.min(1, Math.max(0, openArea / pupilArea));\n  const cos2 = Math.cos(theta) ** 2;\n  const cosineFourthFactor = cos2 * cos2;\n\n  return approximationResult(\n    {\n      fieldAngleDegrees,\n      fieldAzimuthDegrees,\n      entrancePupilAreaSquareMm: pupilArea,\n      openAreaSquareMm: openArea,\n      areaMethod,\n      openAreaRatio,\n      cosineFourthFactor,\n      combinedRelativeIllumination: cosineFourthFactor * openAreaRatio,\n      openPupilPolygonMm: polygon,\n      openPupilCentroidMm: geometry?.centroid ?? null\n    },\n    \"cats-eye-mechanical-vignetting\",\n    \"1.0.0\",\n    [\n      \"Clipping apertures are circles referred to the entrance-pupil plane, displaced linearly with tan(field angle) along the field azimuth\",\n      \"Open pupil = intersection of the entrance pupil with every displaced aperture; boundary vertices lie exactly on the circles\",\n      \"Combined relative illumination cos^4(theta) x open-area ratio assumes an object at infinity and no pupil aberration\",\n      \"Pupil coordinates are metric and aligned with the image plane (+X right, +Y up)\",\n      \"Geometry is caller-declared; no named-lens barrel data is implied\"\n    ]\n  );\n}\n"]}
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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Physical vignetting models derived from pupil geometry. They are separate from the\n * calculateIlluminationVignetting() polynomial, whose coefficients the caller supplies.\n *\n * Apply at most one field-throughput model to a signal. Do not stack these results on top of a\n * supplied field-throughput profile.\n *\n * Natural vignetting (relative illumination of an aberration-free system with a uniform Lambertian\n * exit pupil):\n * - cosine-fourth: E(theta) / E(0) = cos^4(theta), theta the image-space chief-ray angle with\n *   tan(theta) = h / z for image height h and exit-pupil distance z (Greivenkamp, OPTI-502 course\n *   notes, University of Arizona, sec. 11, free. Also see: Slater 1980 Photographic Systems for\n *   Engineers; Kingslake, Lens Design Fundamentals, 2nd ed., sec. 6.5; Ray, Applied Photographic\n *   Optics, 3rd ed., sec. 12). It is the small-pupil limit of the next model.\n * - finite-lambertian-pupil: exact irradiance from a uniform Lambertian disk of radius a at distance z\n *   onto a parallel plane at lateral offset h (Foote 1915, Bull. Bureau of Standards 12:583):\n *   E = (pi L / 2) [1 - (z^2 + h^2 - a^2) / sqrt((z^2 + h^2 + a^2)^2 - 4 a^2 h^2)],\n *   normalised by its on-axis value pi L a^2 / (z^2 + a^2). For a -> 0 it tends to cos^4(theta).\n *   Pupil aberration and pupil distortion are not modeled.\n *\n * Mechanical (optical) vignetting and the cat's-eye pupil:\n * - At field angle theta, each clipping aperture (a lens barrel or element rim, referred to the\n *   entrance-pupil plane) appears as a circle of its declared radius. The circle is shifted by\n *   shiftPerTanFieldMm * tan(theta) along the field azimuth.\n * - The open pupil is where the entrance-pupil circle overlaps every shifted circle. Off axis, the\n *   bundle stays circular and centred on the chief ray, and an aperture passes only the part of it\n *   that it covers (Greivenkamp, OPTI-502 course notes, University of Arizona, sec. 10, free. Also\n *   see: Kingslake, Lens Design Fundamentals, sec. 6.4; Smith, Modern Optical Engineering, 4th ed.,\n *   sec. 6.3).\n * - With one aperture, the area is the exact area of the two-circle overlap.\n * - With any number of apertures, the exact convex boundary is also returned, sampled as a polygon\n *   in pupil-plane mm (+X right, +Y up). Use it as a polygon pupil for\n *   calculatePolygonPupilFraunhoferPsf() or as a mask for createWavefrontPupilGrid().\n * The combined relative illumination is cos^4(theta) x open-area ratio. This assumes an object at\n * infinity, a stop imaged without pupil aberration, and an object-space field angle equal to the\n * chief-ray angle.\n * @see docs/PHYSICS_FOUNDATION.md for the equations, units, coordinate conventions, known blockers\n * and support limits.\n */\n\nimport {\n  approximationResult,\n  calculatedResult,\n  type CalculationResult\n} from \"../core/calculation-result.js\";\nimport {\n  InvalidScientificInputError,\n  requirePositiveFinite\n} from \"../core/validation.js\";\nimport { requireInputKeys, requireNamedFinite as requireFinite } from \"../core/record-validation.js\";\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\n\nexport type NaturalVignettingModel =\n  | \"cosine-fourth\"\n  | \"finite-lambertian-pupil\";\n\nexport interface CalculateNaturalVignettingInput {\n  model: NaturalVignettingModel;\n  /** Image-plane point relative to the optical axis, mm. */\n  imagePointMm: { x: number; y: number };\n  /** Axial distance from the exit pupil to the image plane, mm. */\n  exitPupilDistanceMm: number;\n  /** Exit-pupil diameter, mm; required for finite-lambertian-pupil. */\n  exitPupilDiameterMm?: number;\n}\n\nexport interface NaturalVignetting {\n  model: NaturalVignettingModel;\n  /** Image-space chief-ray angle, radians. */\n  chiefRayAngleRadians: number;\n  /** Relative illumination E / E(axis), in (0, 1]. */\n  relativeIllumination: number;\n  /** Positive exposure loss, stops. */\n  attenuationStops: number;\n  /** cos^4 of the chief-ray angle, reported for comparison. */\n  cosineFourthFactor: number;\n}\n\nexport interface MechanicalVignettingAperture {\n  /** Aperture radius referred to the entrance-pupil plane, mm. */\n  radiusMm: number;\n  /**\n   * Signed shift of the aperture's projected centre per unit tan(field angle), in mm, along the\n   * field azimuth. Positive means toward the field point.\n   */\n  shiftPerTanFieldMm: number;\n}\n\nexport interface CalculateMechanicalVignettingInput {\n  /** Unclipped entrance-pupil diameter, mm. */\n  entrancePupilDiameterMm: number;\n  /** Object-space field angle from the optical axis, degrees, in [0, 90). */\n  fieldAngleDegrees: number;\n  /** Image-plane direction of the field point, degrees counter-clockwise from +X. */\n  fieldAzimuthDegrees: number;\n  /** One through eight clipping apertures. */\n  apertures: readonly MechanicalVignettingAperture[];\n  /** Boundary samples per circle for the polygon, from 16 to 4096 (default 256). */\n  boundarySamplesPerCircle?: number;\n}\n\nexport interface MechanicalVignetting {\n  fieldAngleDegrees: number;\n  fieldAzimuthDegrees: number;\n  entrancePupilAreaSquareMm: number;\n  /** Open area in mm^2. Exact for a single aperture; the polygon area otherwise. */\n  openAreaSquareMm: number;\n  areaMethod: \"exact-circle-circle-intersection\" | \"boundary-polygon\";\n  /** Open area / unclipped pupil area, in [0, 1]. */\n  openAreaRatio: number;\n  /** cos^4(field angle). */\n  cosineFourthFactor: number;\n  /** cos^4(theta) x openAreaRatio. */\n  combinedRelativeIllumination: number;\n  /** Counter-clockwise convex boundary of the open pupil (empty when fully vignetted), mm. */\n  openPupilPolygonMm: readonly { x: number; y: number }[];\n  /** Area centroid of the boundary polygon, mm (null when fully vignetted). */\n  openPupilCentroidMm: { x: number; y: number } | null;\n}\n\n/**\n * Natural (cos^4 or finite Lambertian pupil) relative illumination at one image point.\n */\nexport function calculateNaturalVignetting(\n  input: CalculateNaturalVignettingInput\n): CalculationResult<NaturalVignetting> {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"calculateNaturalVignetting\", [\"model\", \"imagePointMm\", \"exitPupilDistanceMm\", \"exitPupilDiameterMm\"]);\n  if (input.model !== \"cosine-fourth\" && input.model !== \"finite-lambertian-pupil\") {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      \"model must be cosine-fourth or finite-lambertian-pupil.\"\n    );\n  }\n  if (typeof input.imagePointMm !== \"object\" || input.imagePointMm === null) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\"imagePointMm must be an object.\");\n  }\n  const h = Math.hypot(\n    requireFinite(\"imagePointMm.x\", input.imagePointMm.x),\n    requireFinite(\"imagePointMm.y\", input.imagePointMm.y)\n  );\n  requirePositiveFinite(\"exitPupilDistanceMm\", input.exitPupilDistanceMm);\n  const z = input.exitPupilDistanceMm;\n  const theta = Math.atan2(h, z);\n  const cos2 = (z * z) / (z * z + h * h);\n  const cosineFourthFactor = cos2 * cos2;\n\n  let relativeIllumination: number;\n  if (input.model === \"cosine-fourth\") {\n    if (input.exitPupilDiameterMm !== undefined) {\n      throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n        \"exitPupilDiameterMm is not used by the cosine-fourth model; omit it.\"\n      );\n    }\n    relativeIllumination = cosineFourthFactor;\n  } else {\n    requirePositiveFinite(\"exitPupilDiameterMm\", input.exitPupilDiameterMm as number);\n    const a = (input.exitPupilDiameterMm as number) / 2;\n    const z2 = z * z;\n    const h2 = h * h;\n    const a2 = a * a;\n    // Bracket term written as 2 a^2 (...) / (sqrt + ...) to avoid cancellation for small pupils:\n    // 1 - P / Q = (Q - P) / Q with Q - P = (Q^2 - P^2) / (Q + P) = 4 a^2 z^2 / (Q + P).\n    const p = z2 + h2 - a2;\n    const q = Math.sqrt((z2 + h2 + a2) ** 2 - 4 * a2 * h2);\n    const offAxis = (4 * a2 * z2) / (q * (q + p)) / 2;\n    const onAxis = a2 / (z2 + a2);\n    relativeIllumination = offAxis / onAxis;\n  }\n  if (!(relativeIllumination > 0) || !Number.isFinite(relativeIllumination)) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Natural vignetting relative illumination must remain finite and positive.\"\n    );\n  }\n  relativeIllumination = Math.min(1, relativeIllumination);\n\n  return calculatedResult(\n    {\n      model: input.model,\n      chiefRayAngleRadians: theta,\n      relativeIllumination,\n      attenuationStops: relativeIllumination === 1 ? 0 : -Math.log2(relativeIllumination),\n      cosineFourthFactor\n    },\n    input.model === \"cosine-fourth\"\n      ? \"cosine-fourth-natural-vignetting\"\n      : \"finite-lambertian-pupil-natural-vignetting\",\n    \"1.0.0\",\n    [\n      input.model === \"cosine-fourth\"\n        ? \"Relative illumination cos^4 of the image-space chief-ray angle from the exit-pupil centre\"\n        : \"Exact irradiance from a uniform Lambertian circular exit pupil onto a parallel image plane, normalised on axis\",\n      \"Aberration-free pupil: pupil aberration, pupil distortion and mechanical clipping are not modeled\",\n      \"Throughput only; apply at most one field-throughput model, in scene-linear signal\"\n    ]\n  );\n}\n\n/** Exact area of the intersection of two circles. */\nfunction circleIntersectionArea(r1: number, r2: number, d: number): number {\n  if (d >= r1 + r2) return 0;\n  if (d <= Math.abs(r1 - r2)) return Math.PI * Math.min(r1, r2) ** 2;\n  const clamp = (v: number): number => Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, v));\n  const a1 = Math.acos(clamp((d * d + r1 * r1 - r2 * r2) / (2 * d * r1)));\n  const a2 = Math.acos(clamp((d * d + r2 * r2 - r1 * r1) / (2 * d * r2)));\n  const k = Math.sqrt(\n    Math.max(0, (-d + r1 + r2) * (d + r1 - r2) * (d - r1 + r2) * (d + r1 + r2))\n  );\n  return r1 * r1 * a1 + r2 * r2 * a2 - k / 2;\n}\n\ninterface Circle {\n  x: number;\n  y: number;\n  r: number;\n}\n\nfunction insideAll(\n  point: { x: number; y: number },\n  circles: readonly Circle[],\n  skip: number\n): boolean {\n  return circles.every(\n    (circle, index) =>\n      index === skip ||\n      Math.hypot(point.x - circle.x, point.y - circle.y) <= circle.r * (1 + 1e-12)\n  );\n}\n\n/** Convex boundary of the intersection of circles, sampled with vertices on the true boundary. */\nfunction intersectionPolygon(\n  circles: readonly Circle[],\n  samples: number\n): { x: number; y: number }[] {\n  const points: { x: number; y: number }[] = [];\n  circles.forEach((circle, index) => {\n    for (let k = 0; k < samples; k += 1) {\n      const angle = (2 * Math.PI * k) / samples;\n      const point = {\n        x: circle.x + circle.r * Math.cos(angle),\n        y: circle.y + circle.r * Math.sin(angle)\n      };\n      if (insideAll(point, circles, index)) points.push(point);\n    }\n  });\n  // Pairwise boundary intersection points (the cusps of the cat's eye).\n  for (let i = 0; i < circles.length; i += 1) {\n    for (let j = i + 1; j < circles.length; j += 1) {\n      const a = circles[i]!;\n      const b = circles[j]!;\n      const d = Math.hypot(b.x - a.x, b.y - a.y);\n      if (d === 0 || d >= a.r + b.r || d <= Math.abs(a.r - b.r)) continue;\n      const along = (d * d + a.r * a.r - b.r * b.r) / (2 * d);\n      const half = Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, a.r * a.r - along * along));\n      const ux = (b.x - a.x) / d;\n      const uy = (b.y - a.y) / d;\n      for (const sign of [1, -1]) {\n        const point = {\n          x: a.x + along * ux - sign * half * uy,\n          y: a.y + along * uy + sign * half * ux\n        };\n        if (circles.every((c) => Math.hypot(point.x - c.x, point.y - c.y) <= c.r * (1 + 1e-9))) {\n          points.push(point);\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  if (points.length < 3) return [];\n  const cx = points.reduce((s, p) => s + p.x, 0) / points.length;\n  const cy = points.reduce((s, p) => s + p.y, 0) / points.length;\n  points.sort((p, q) => Math.atan2(p.y - cy, p.x - cx) - Math.atan2(q.y - cy, q.x - cx));\n  // Drop coincident neighbours.\n  const unique = points.filter((p, index) => {\n    const prev = points[(index + points.length - 1) % points.length]!;\n    return index === 0 || Math.hypot(p.x - prev.x, p.y - prev.y) > 1e-12 * (1 + Math.abs(p.x) + Math.abs(p.y));\n  });\n  return unique.length >= 3 ? unique : [];\n}\n\nfunction polygonAreaAndCentroid(\n  polygon: readonly { x: number; y: number }[]\n): { area: number; centroid: { x: number; y: number } } {\n  let twiceArea = 0;\n  let cx = 0;\n  let cy = 0;\n  for (let i = 0; i < polygon.length; i += 1) {\n    const a = polygon[i]!;\n    const b = polygon[(i + 1) % polygon.length]!;\n    const cross = a.x * b.y - b.x * a.y;\n    twiceArea += cross;\n    cx += (a.x + b.x) * cross;\n    cy += (a.y + b.y) * cross;\n  }\n  return {\n    area: twiceArea / 2,\n    centroid: { x: cx / (3 * twiceArea), y: cy / (3 * twiceArea) }\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Mechanical vignetting at one field angle: the open (cat's-eye) pupil from intersecting the\n * entrance pupil with displaced clipping apertures, its area ratio, and cos^4 x area ratio.\n */\nexport function calculateMechanicalVignetting(\n  input: CalculateMechanicalVignettingInput\n): CalculationResult<MechanicalVignetting> {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"calculateMechanicalVignetting\", [\"entrancePupilDiameterMm\", \"fieldAngleDegrees\", \"fieldAzimuthDegrees\", \"apertures\", \"boundarySamplesPerCircle\"]);\n  requirePositiveFinite(\"entrancePupilDiameterMm\", input.entrancePupilDiameterMm);\n  const fieldAngleDegrees = requireFinite(\"fieldAngleDegrees\", input.fieldAngleDegrees);\n  if (fieldAngleDegrees < 0 || fieldAngleDegrees >= 90) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"fieldAngleDegrees must lie in [0, 90).\");\n  }\n  const fieldAzimuthDegrees = requireFinite(\"fieldAzimuthDegrees\", input.fieldAzimuthDegrees);\n  if (!Array.isArray(input.apertures) || input.apertures.length < 1 || input.apertures.length > 8) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\"apertures must contain 1 through 8 entries.\");\n  }\n  const samples = input.boundarySamplesPerCircle ?? 256;\n  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(samples) || samples < 16 || samples > 4096) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"boundarySamplesPerCircle must be an integer from 16 through 4096.\"\n    );\n  }\n  const theta = (fieldAngleDegrees * Math.PI) / 180;\n  const azimuth = (fieldAzimuthDegrees * Math.PI) / 180;\n  const tanTheta = Math.tan(theta);\n  const pupilRadius = input.entrancePupilDiameterMm / 2;\n  const circles: Circle[] = [{ x: 0, y: 0, r: pupilRadius }];\n  input.apertures.forEach((aperture, index) => {\n    if (typeof aperture !== \"object\" || aperture === null) {\n      throw new InvalidConfigurationError(`apertures[${index}] must be an object.`);\n    }\n    requirePositiveFinite(`apertures[${index}].radiusMm`, aperture.radiusMm);\n    const shift =\n      requireFinite(`apertures[${index}].shiftPerTanFieldMm`, aperture.shiftPerTanFieldMm) *\n      tanTheta;\n    circles.push({\n      x: shift * Math.cos(azimuth),\n      y: shift * Math.sin(azimuth),\n      r: aperture.radiusMm\n    });\n  });\n\n  const pupilArea = Math.PI * pupilRadius * pupilRadius;\n  const polygon = intersectionPolygon(circles, samples);\n  const geometry = polygon.length >= 3 ? polygonAreaAndCentroid(polygon) : undefined;\n  let openArea: number;\n  let areaMethod: MechanicalVignetting[\"areaMethod\"];\n  if (circles.length === 2) {\n    const other = circles[1]!;\n    openArea = circleIntersectionArea(pupilRadius, other.r, Math.hypot(other.x, other.y));\n    areaMethod = \"exact-circle-circle-intersection\";\n  } else {\n    openArea = geometry?.area ?? 0;\n    areaMethod = \"boundary-polygon\";\n  }\n  const openAreaRatio = Math.min(1, Math.max(0, openArea / pupilArea));\n  const cos2 = Math.cos(theta) ** 2;\n  const cosineFourthFactor = cos2 * cos2;\n\n  return approximationResult(\n    {\n      fieldAngleDegrees,\n      fieldAzimuthDegrees,\n      entrancePupilAreaSquareMm: pupilArea,\n      openAreaSquareMm: openArea,\n      areaMethod,\n      openAreaRatio,\n      cosineFourthFactor,\n      combinedRelativeIllumination: cosineFourthFactor * openAreaRatio,\n      openPupilPolygonMm: polygon,\n      openPupilCentroidMm: geometry?.centroid ?? null\n    },\n    \"cats-eye-mechanical-vignetting\",\n    \"1.0.0\",\n    [\n      \"Clipping apertures are circles referred to the entrance-pupil plane, displaced linearly with tan(field angle) along the field azimuth\",\n      \"Open pupil = intersection of the entrance pupil with every displaced aperture; boundary vertices lie exactly on the circles\",\n      \"Combined relative illumination cos^4(theta) x open-area ratio assumes an object at infinity and no pupil aberration\",\n      \"Pupil coordinates are metric and aligned with the image plane (+X right, +Y up)\",\n      \"Geometry is caller-declared; no named-lens barrel data is implied\"\n    ]\n  );\n}\n"]}

package/dist/optics/radial-distortion.js

@@ -13,15 +13,10 @@
  */
 import { approximationResult } from "../core/calculation-result.js";
 import { InvalidScientificInputError, requirePositiveFinite } from "../core/validation.js";
-import { requireInputObject, requireInputKeys } from "../core/record-validation.js";
+import { requireInputObject, requireInputKeys, assertNamedFinite as requireFinite } from "../core/record-validation.js";
 import { InvalidConfigurationError } from "../core/configuration-error.js";
 const INVERSE_BISECTION_ITERATIONS = 80;
 const INVERSE_MAPPED_RADIUS_FLOATING_TOLERANCE_ULPS = 16;
-function requireFinite(name, value) {
-    if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {
-        throw new InvalidScientificInputError(`${name} must be finite.`);
-    }
-}
 function inverseMappedRadiusTolerance(distortedNormalizedRadius, maximumMappedNormalizedRadius) {
     return (Number.EPSILON *
         INVERSE_MAPPED_RADIUS_FLOATING_TOLERANCE_ULPS *

package/dist/optics/radial-distortion.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Generic radial lens distortion (barrel and pincushion).\n *\n * The mapping is rotationally symmetric about the optical axis:\n *   p_distorted = p_ideal * (1 + k1 r² + k2 r⁴ + k3 r⁶)\n * where r is normalized by the physical reference radius the caller declares.\n *\n * A profile is accepted only if the radial mapping is strictly monotonic over its declared operating\n * radius. That makes the inverse mapping (destination-to-source sampling) well defined.\n * @see docs/PHYSICS_FOUNDATION.md for the equations, units, coordinate conventions, known blockers\n * and support limits.\n */\n\nimport {\n  approximationResult,\n  type CalculationResult\n} from \"../core/calculation-result.js\";\nimport {\n  InvalidScientificInputError,\n  requirePositiveFinite\n} from \"../core/validation.js\";\nimport { requireInputObject, requireInputKeys } from \"../core/record-validation.js\";\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\n\nexport interface RadialDistortionCoefficients {\n  /** Dimensionless r² coefficient. */\n  k1: number;\n  /** Dimensionless r⁴ coefficient. */\n  k2: number;\n  /** Dimensionless r⁶ coefficient. */\n  k3: number;\n}\n\nexport interface RadialDistortionProfile {\n  /**\n   * Physical image-plane radius used to normalize field position, in mm.\n   * Coefficients are meaningful only with this declared normalization.\n   */\n  normalizationRadiusMm: number;\n  /**\n   * Largest undistorted normalized radius for which this profile is declared\n   * valid. Within it the mapping must stay one-to-one and invertible.\n   */\n  maximumNormalizedRadius: number;\n  coefficients: RadialDistortionCoefficients;\n}\n\nexport interface LensFieldPointMm {\n  /** Image-plane X coordinate relative to the optical axis, in mm. */\n  x: number;\n  /** Image-plane Y coordinate relative to the optical axis, in mm. */\n  y: number;\n}\n\nexport interface CalculateRadialDistortionMappingInput {\n  /** Ideal/undistorted image-plane point. */\n  imagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  profile: RadialDistortionProfile;\n}\n\nexport interface CalculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingInput {\n  /** Distorted image-plane point to inverse-map back to ideal coordinates. */\n  distortedImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  profile: RadialDistortionProfile;\n}\n\nexport interface CalculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingsInput {\n  /** Distorted image-plane destinations to inverse-map in one validated batch. */\n  distortedImagePointsMm: readonly LensFieldPointMm[];\n  profile: RadialDistortionProfile;\n}\n\nexport interface RadialDistortionMapping {\n  direction: \"undistorted-to-distorted\";\n  sourceImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  mappedImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  sourceNormalizedRadius: number;\n  mappedNormalizedRadius: number;\n  radialScale: number;\n  deltaMm: {\n    x: number;\n    y: number;\n    distance: number;\n  };\n  profileMinimumRadialDerivative: number;\n}\n\nexport interface InverseRadialDistortionMapping {\n  direction: \"distorted-to-undistorted\";\n  distortedImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  sourceImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  distortedNormalizedRadius: number;\n  sourceNormalizedRadius: number;\n  radialScaleAtSource: number;\n  deltaMm: {\n    x: number;\n    y: number;\n    distance: number;\n  };\n  profileMinimumRadialDerivative: number;\n}\n\nexport interface InverseRadialDistortionMappings {\n  direction: \"distorted-to-undistorted-batch\";\n  mappings: readonly InverseRadialDistortionMapping[];\n  pointCount: number;\n  profileMinimumRadialDerivative: number;\n}\n\n/** @internal Shared by the composite lens-field batch evaluators. Not exported from the package root. */\nexport interface ValidatedRadialProfile {\n  normalizationRadiusMm: number;\n  maximumNormalizedRadius: number;\n  coefficients: RadialDistortionCoefficients;\n  minimumRadialDerivative: number;\n  maximumMappedNormalizedRadius: number;\n}\n\nconst INVERSE_BISECTION_ITERATIONS = 80;\nconst INVERSE_MAPPED_RADIUS_FLOATING_TOLERANCE_ULPS = 16;\n\nfunction requireFinite(name: string, value: number): void {\n  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(`${name} must be finite.`);\n  }\n}\n\nfunction inverseMappedRadiusTolerance(\n  distortedNormalizedRadius: number,\n  maximumMappedNormalizedRadius: number\n): number {\n  return (\n    Number.EPSILON *\n    INVERSE_MAPPED_RADIUS_FLOATING_TOLERANCE_ULPS *\n    Math.max(\n      1,\n      Math.abs(distortedNormalizedRadius),\n      Math.abs(maximumMappedNormalizedRadius)\n    )\n  );\n}\n\nfunction radialScale(\n  normalizedRadius: number,\n  coefficients: RadialDistortionCoefficients\n): number {\n  const r2 = normalizedRadius * normalizedRadius;\n  const r4 = r2 * r2;\n  const r6 = r4 * r2;\n  return (\n    1 +\n    coefficients.k1 * r2 +\n    coefficients.k2 * r4 +\n    coefficients.k3 * r6\n  );\n}\n\nfunction mappedNormalizedRadius(\n  normalizedRadius: number,\n  coefficients: RadialDistortionCoefficients\n): number {\n  return normalizedRadius * radialScale(normalizedRadius, coefficients);\n}\n\nfunction radialDerivativeFromSquaredRadius(\n  squaredRadius: number,\n  coefficients: RadialDistortionCoefficients\n): number {\n  return (\n    1 +\n    3 * coefficients.k1 * squaredRadius +\n    5 * coefficients.k2 * squaredRadius * squaredRadius +\n    7 *\n      coefficients.k3 *\n      squaredRadius *\n      squaredRadius *\n      squaredRadius\n  );\n}\n\nfunction derivativeCriticalSquaredRadii(\n  coefficients: RadialDistortionCoefficients\n): number[] {\n  // d/dr² of the radial derivative:\n  // 3 k1 + 10 k2 s + 21 k3 s² = 0, where s = r².\n  //\n  // Scale the quadratic before solving, so finite caller coefficients cannot\n  // overflow the discriminant. Use the numerically stable q-form roots. Then a\n  // tiny quadratic term cannot erase the smaller physical root through\n  // cancellation and let a non-monotonic profile pass by accident.\n  const a = 21 * coefficients.k3;\n  const b = 10 * coefficients.k2;\n  const c = 3 * coefficients.k1;\n  const coefficientScale = Math.max(\n    Math.abs(a),\n    Math.abs(b),\n    Math.abs(c)\n  );\n\n  if (coefficientScale === 0) {\n    return [];\n  }\n\n  const scaledA = a / coefficientScale;\n  const scaledB = b / coefficientScale;\n  const scaledC = c / coefficientScale;\n\n  if (scaledA === 0) {\n    return scaledB === 0 ? [] : [-scaledC / scaledB];\n  }\n\n  const squaredB = scaledB * scaledB;\n  const fourAC = 4 * scaledA * scaledC;\n  const discriminant = squaredB - fourAC;\n  const discriminantTolerance =\n    Number.EPSILON *\n    16 *\n    Math.max(1, Math.abs(squaredB), Math.abs(fourAC));\n\n  if (discriminant < -discriminantTolerance) {\n    return [];\n  }\n\n  const root = Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, discriminant));\n  if (root === 0) {\n    return [-scaledB / (2 * scaledA)];\n  }\n\n  // root > 0 here, so q is never zero: for scaledB >= 0 the sum scaledB + root is positive and for\n  // scaledB < 0 the difference scaledB - root is negative. (A former q === 0 branch was unreachable.)\n  const q =\n    -0.5 *\n    (scaledB + (scaledB >= 0 ? root : -root));\n\n  return [q / scaledA, scaledC / q];\n}\n\n/** @internal Validates and copies one profile for repeated use inside the package. */\nexport function validateRadialDistortionProfile(\n  profile: RadialDistortionProfile\n): ValidatedRadialProfile {\n  requireInputObject(profile, \"profile input\");\n  requirePositiveFinite(\n    \"profile.normalizationRadiusMm\",\n    profile.normalizationRadiusMm\n  );\n  requirePositiveFinite(\n    \"profile.maximumNormalizedRadius\",\n    profile.maximumNormalizedRadius\n  );\n  requireFinite(\"profile.coefficients.k1\", profile.coefficients.k1);\n  requireFinite(\"profile.coefficients.k2\", profile.coefficients.k2);\n  requireFinite(\"profile.coefficients.k3\", profile.coefficients.k3);\n\n  const maximumSquaredRadius =\n    profile.maximumNormalizedRadius * profile.maximumNormalizedRadius;\n  if (!Number.isFinite(maximumSquaredRadius)) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"profile.maximumNormalizedRadius is too large to evaluate safely.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const candidates = [\n    0,\n    maximumSquaredRadius,\n    ...derivativeCriticalSquaredRadii(profile.coefficients).filter(\n      (value) => value > 0 && value < maximumSquaredRadius\n    )\n  ];\n  const minimumRadialDerivative = Math.min(\n    ...candidates.map((squaredRadius) =>\n      radialDerivativeFromSquaredRadius(\n        squaredRadius,\n        profile.coefficients\n      )\n    )\n  );\n\n  if (\n    !Number.isFinite(minimumRadialDerivative) ||\n    minimumRadialDerivative <= 0\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Radial distortion profile must remain strictly monotonic over maximumNormalizedRadius so inverse mapping is single-valued.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const maximumMappedRadius = mappedNormalizedRadius(\n    profile.maximumNormalizedRadius,\n    profile.coefficients\n  );\n  if (!Number.isFinite(maximumMappedRadius) || maximumMappedRadius <= 0) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Radial distortion profile produces an invalid mapped operating radius.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  return {\n    normalizationRadiusMm: profile.normalizationRadiusMm,\n    maximumNormalizedRadius: profile.maximumNormalizedRadius,\n    coefficients: { ...profile.coefficients },\n    minimumRadialDerivative,\n    maximumMappedNormalizedRadius: maximumMappedRadius\n  };\n}\n\nfunction requirePoint(name: string, point: LensFieldPointMm): void {\n  if (typeof point !== \"object\" || point === null) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      `${name} must be an object with finite numeric x and y coordinates.`\n    );\n  }\n  if (\n    typeof point.x !== \"number\" ||\n    typeof point.y !== \"number\" ||\n    !Number.isFinite(point.x) ||\n    !Number.isFinite(point.y)\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      `${name} must contain finite numeric x and y coordinates.`\n    );\n  }\n}\n\nfunction mappingAssumptions(): readonly string[] {\n  return [\n    \"Generic rotationally symmetric radial polynomial field mapping\",\n    \"Distortion is centered on the optical axis; decentering and tangential distortion are not modeled\",\n    \"Normalized radius is image-plane radius divided by the caller-declared normalizationRadiusMm\",\n    \"Radial scale is 1 + k1 r^2 + k2 r^4 + k3 r^6\",\n    \"The declared operating radius is required to remain strictly monotonic so inverse mapping is single-valued\",\n    \"Coefficients are generic caller inputs and do not represent a named lens unless separately calibrated with defensible provenance\"\n  ];\n}\n\n/**\n * Applies a generic radial lens-distortion field mapping to one ideal\n * image-plane point.\n *\n * The mapping is rotationally symmetric about the optical axis:\n *\n *   p_distorted = p_ideal * (1 + k1 r² + k2 r⁴ + k3 r⁶)\n *\n * where r is normalized by the caller-declared physical reference radius.\n *\n * A profile is accepted only if the radial mapping is strictly monotonic over\n * its declared operating radius. That makes the inverse mapping\n * (destination-to-source sampling) well defined.\n */\nexport function calculateRadialDistortionMapping(\n  input: CalculateRadialDistortionMappingInput\n): CalculationResult<RadialDistortionMapping> {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"calculateRadialDistortionMapping\", [\"imagePointMm\", \"profile\"]);\n  requirePoint(\"imagePointMm\", input.imagePointMm);\n  const profile = validateRadialDistortionProfile(input.profile);\n\n  const sourceRadiusMm = Math.hypot(\n    input.imagePointMm.x,\n    input.imagePointMm.y\n  );\n  const sourceNormalizedRadius =\n    sourceRadiusMm / profile.normalizationRadiusMm;\n  requireFinite(\"imagePointMm normalized radius\", sourceNormalizedRadius);\n\n  if (sourceNormalizedRadius > profile.maximumNormalizedRadius) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"imagePointMm lies outside the radial distortion profile maximumNormalizedRadius.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const scale = radialScale(\n    sourceNormalizedRadius,\n    profile.coefficients\n  );\n  const mappedImagePointMm = {\n    x: input.imagePointMm.x * scale,\n    y: input.imagePointMm.y * scale\n  };\n  const mappedRadius = sourceNormalizedRadius * scale;\n  const deltaX = mappedImagePointMm.x - input.imagePointMm.x;\n  const deltaY = mappedImagePointMm.y - input.imagePointMm.y;\n\n  return approximationResult(\n    {\n      direction: \"undistorted-to-distorted\",\n      sourceImagePointMm: { ...input.imagePointMm },\n      mappedImagePointMm,\n      sourceNormalizedRadius,\n      mappedNormalizedRadius: mappedRadius,\n      radialScale: scale,\n      deltaMm: {\n        x: deltaX,\n        y: deltaY,\n        distance: Math.hypot(deltaX, deltaY)\n      },\n      profileMinimumRadialDerivative:\n        profile.minimumRadialDerivative\n    },\n    \"generic-radial-lens-distortion\",\n    \"1.0.0\",\n    mappingAssumptions()\n  );\n}\n\n/**\n * Inverse-maps one distorted image-plane point to its ideal (undistorted)\n * source point, for destination-to-source sampling in a renderer.\n *\n * The forward mapping must be monotonic, so the inverse is unique over the\n * declared operating radius. The exact centre, an identity profile and the\n * mapped boundary are solved directly. Other radii use a bounded,\n * deterministic bisection that stops when the floating-point bounds can no\n * longer narrow.\n */\nexport interface InverseRadialSourcePointValue {\n  sourceImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  distortedNormalizedRadius: number;\n  sourceNormalizedRadius: number;\n  radialScaleAtSource: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * @internal Minimal inverse evaluation for composite batch models inside the\n * package that do not need the standalone radial delta or provenance wrapper.\n */\nexport function calculateInverseRadialSourcePointValue(\n  distortedImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm,\n  profile: ValidatedRadialProfile,\n  pointPath: string\n): InverseRadialSourcePointValue {\n  requirePoint(pointPath, distortedImagePointMm);\n\n  const distortedRadiusMm = Math.hypot(\n    distortedImagePointMm.x,\n    distortedImagePointMm.y\n  );\n  const distortedNormalizedRadius =\n    distortedRadiusMm / profile.normalizationRadiusMm;\n  requireFinite(\n    `${pointPath} normalized radius`,\n    distortedNormalizedRadius\n  );\n\n  const mappedRadiusTolerance = inverseMappedRadiusTolerance(\n    distortedNormalizedRadius,\n    profile.maximumMappedNormalizedRadius\n  );\n  if (\n    distortedNormalizedRadius >\n    profile.maximumMappedNormalizedRadius + mappedRadiusTolerance\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      `${pointPath} lies outside the mapped radial distortion profile operating radius.`\n    );\n  }\n  const solverDistortedNormalizedRadius = Math.min(\n    distortedNormalizedRadius,\n    profile.maximumMappedNormalizedRadius\n  );\n\n  let sourceNormalizedRadius = 0;\n  if (\n    solverDistortedNormalizedRadius ===\n    profile.maximumMappedNormalizedRadius\n  ) {\n    sourceNormalizedRadius = profile.maximumNormalizedRadius;\n  } else if (solverDistortedNormalizedRadius > 0) {\n    const { k1, k2, k3 } = profile.coefficients;\n    if (k1 === 0 && k2 === 0 && k3 === 0) {\n      sourceNormalizedRadius = solverDistortedNormalizedRadius;\n    } else {\n      let lower = 0;\n      let upper = profile.maximumNormalizedRadius;\n\n      for (\n        let iteration = 0;\n        iteration < INVERSE_BISECTION_ITERATIONS;\n        iteration += 1\n      ) {\n        const midpoint = (lower + upper) / 2;\n        if (midpoint === lower || midpoint === upper) {\n          break;\n        }\n\n        const mapped = mappedNormalizedRadius(\n          midpoint,\n          profile.coefficients\n        );\n        if (mapped < solverDistortedNormalizedRadius) {\n          lower = midpoint;\n        } else {\n          upper = midpoint;\n        }\n      }\n      sourceNormalizedRadius = (lower + upper) / 2;\n    }\n  }\n\n  const radialScaleAtSource = radialScale(\n    sourceNormalizedRadius,\n    profile.coefficients\n  );\n  const sourceImagePointMm =\n    distortedNormalizedRadius === 0\n      ? { x: 0, y: 0 }\n      : solverDistortedNormalizedRadius === distortedNormalizedRadius\n        ? {\n            x: distortedImagePointMm.x / radialScaleAtSource,\n            y: distortedImagePointMm.y / radialScaleAtSource\n          }\n        : {\n            x:\n              distortedImagePointMm.x *\n              (sourceNormalizedRadius / distortedNormalizedRadius),\n            y:\n              distortedImagePointMm.y *\n              (sourceNormalizedRadius / distortedNormalizedRadius)\n          };\n\n  return {\n    sourceImagePointMm,\n    distortedNormalizedRadius,\n    sourceNormalizedRadius,\n    radialScaleAtSource\n  };\n}\n\nfunction calculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingValue(\n  distortedImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm,\n  profile: ValidatedRadialProfile,\n  pointPath: string\n): InverseRadialDistortionMapping {\n  const source = calculateInverseRadialSourcePointValue(\n    distortedImagePointMm,\n    profile,\n    pointPath\n  );\n  const deltaX =\n    source.sourceImagePointMm.x - distortedImagePointMm.x;\n  const deltaY =\n    source.sourceImagePointMm.y - distortedImagePointMm.y;\n\n  return {\n    direction: \"distorted-to-undistorted\",\n    distortedImagePointMm: { ...distortedImagePointMm },\n    sourceImagePointMm: source.sourceImagePointMm,\n    distortedNormalizedRadius: source.distortedNormalizedRadius,\n    sourceNormalizedRadius: source.sourceNormalizedRadius,\n    radialScaleAtSource: source.radialScaleAtSource,\n    deltaMm: {\n      x: deltaX,\n      y: deltaY,\n      distance: Math.hypot(deltaX, deltaY)\n    },\n    profileMinimumRadialDerivative: profile.minimumRadialDerivative\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Inverts the declared monotonic radial field mapping inside its supported range, using the existing\n * bounded root solver. Optical coordinates are kept explicit.\n * @param input - CalculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingInput. See that type for coordinates, units and profile binding.\n * @returns CalculationResult<InverseRadialDistortionMapping>. The result states its shape and scientific status; a successful call does not imply calibration.\n *\n * @see docs/API_REFERENCE.md for the root export and exact type graph.\n */\nexport function calculateInverseRadialDistortionMapping(\n  input: CalculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingInput\n): CalculationResult<InverseRadialDistortionMapping> {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"calculateInverseRadialDistortionMapping\", [\"distortedImagePointMm\", \"profile\"]);\n  const profile = validateRadialDistortionProfile(input.profile);\n  const mapping = calculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingValue(\n    input.distortedImagePointMm,\n    profile,\n    \"distortedImagePointMm\"\n  );\n\n  return approximationResult(\n    mapping,\n    \"generic-inverse-radial-lens-distortion\",\n    \"1.0.0\",\n    [\n      ...mappingAssumptions(),\n      `Inverse radius uses exact center/identity/boundary solutions where applicable and otherwise up to ${INVERSE_BISECTION_ITERATIONS} deterministic bisection iterations, stopping when IEEE-754 bounds can no longer narrow`\n    ]\n  );\n}\n\n/**\n * Inverse-maps many distorted image-plane points at once. The radial profile\n * is validated and resolved only once for the whole batch.\n *\n * Each returned mapping is numerically identical to the single-point API.\n * Provenance and profile validation are reported once for the batch.\n */\nexport function calculateInverseRadialDistortionMappings(\n  input: CalculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingsInput\n): CalculationResult<InverseRadialDistortionMappings> {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"calculateInverseRadialDistortionMappings\", [\"distortedImagePointsMm\", \"profile\"]);\n  const profile = validateRadialDistortionProfile(input.profile);\n  if (!Array.isArray(input.distortedImagePointsMm)) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      \"distortedImagePointsMm must be an array of image-plane points.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const mappings: InverseRadialDistortionMapping[] = [];\n  for (\n    let index = 0;\n    index < input.distortedImagePointsMm.length;\n    index += 1\n  ) {\n    const point = input.distortedImagePointsMm[index];\n    if (point === undefined) {\n      throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n        `distortedImagePointsMm[${index}] must be an image-plane point.`\n      );\n    }\n    mappings.push(\n      calculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingValue(\n        point,\n        profile,\n        `distortedImagePointsMm[${index}]`\n      )\n    );\n  }\n\n  return approximationResult(\n    {\n      direction: \"distorted-to-undistorted-batch\",\n      mappings,\n      pointCount: mappings.length,\n      profileMinimumRadialDerivative: profile.minimumRadialDerivative\n    },\n    \"generic-inverse-radial-lens-distortion-batch\",\n    \"1.0.0\",\n    [\n      ...mappingAssumptions(),\n      `Inverse radius uses exact center/identity/boundary solutions where applicable and otherwise up to ${INVERSE_BISECTION_ITERATIONS} deterministic bisection iterations per point, stopping when IEEE-754 bounds can no longer narrow`,\n      \"The radial profile is validated and its invariant extrema are resolved once for the batch\"\n    ]\n  );\n}\n"]}
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SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0\n\n/**\n * Generic radial lens distortion (barrel and pincushion).\n *\n * The mapping is rotationally symmetric about the optical axis:\n *   p_distorted = p_ideal * (1 + k1 r² + k2 r⁴ + k3 r⁶)\n * where r is normalized by the physical reference radius the caller declares.\n *\n * A profile is accepted only if the radial mapping is strictly monotonic over its declared operating\n * radius. That makes the inverse mapping (destination-to-source sampling) well defined.\n * @see docs/PHYSICS_FOUNDATION.md for the equations, units, coordinate conventions, known blockers\n * and support limits.\n */\n\nimport {\n  approximationResult,\n  type CalculationResult\n} from \"../core/calculation-result.js\";\nimport {\n  InvalidScientificInputError,\n  requirePositiveFinite\n} from \"../core/validation.js\";\nimport { requireInputObject, requireInputKeys, assertNamedFinite as requireFinite } from \"../core/record-validation.js\";\nimport { InvalidConfigurationError } from \"../core/configuration-error.js\";\n\nexport interface RadialDistortionCoefficients {\n  /** Dimensionless r² coefficient. */\n  k1: number;\n  /** Dimensionless r⁴ coefficient. */\n  k2: number;\n  /** Dimensionless r⁶ coefficient. */\n  k3: number;\n}\n\nexport interface RadialDistortionProfile {\n  /**\n   * Physical image-plane radius used to normalize field position, in mm.\n   * Coefficients are meaningful only with this declared normalization.\n   */\n  normalizationRadiusMm: number;\n  /**\n   * Largest undistorted normalized radius for which this profile is declared\n   * valid. Within it the mapping must stay one-to-one and invertible.\n   */\n  maximumNormalizedRadius: number;\n  coefficients: RadialDistortionCoefficients;\n}\n\nexport interface LensFieldPointMm {\n  /** Image-plane X coordinate relative to the optical axis, in mm. */\n  x: number;\n  /** Image-plane Y coordinate relative to the optical axis, in mm. */\n  y: number;\n}\n\nexport interface CalculateRadialDistortionMappingInput {\n  /** Ideal/undistorted image-plane point. */\n  imagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  profile: RadialDistortionProfile;\n}\n\nexport interface CalculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingInput {\n  /** Distorted image-plane point to inverse-map back to ideal coordinates. */\n  distortedImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  profile: RadialDistortionProfile;\n}\n\nexport interface CalculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingsInput {\n  /** Distorted image-plane destinations to inverse-map in one validated batch. */\n  distortedImagePointsMm: readonly LensFieldPointMm[];\n  profile: RadialDistortionProfile;\n}\n\nexport interface RadialDistortionMapping {\n  direction: \"undistorted-to-distorted\";\n  sourceImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  mappedImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  sourceNormalizedRadius: number;\n  mappedNormalizedRadius: number;\n  radialScale: number;\n  deltaMm: {\n    x: number;\n    y: number;\n    distance: number;\n  };\n  profileMinimumRadialDerivative: number;\n}\n\nexport interface InverseRadialDistortionMapping {\n  direction: \"distorted-to-undistorted\";\n  distortedImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  sourceImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  distortedNormalizedRadius: number;\n  sourceNormalizedRadius: number;\n  radialScaleAtSource: number;\n  deltaMm: {\n    x: number;\n    y: number;\n    distance: number;\n  };\n  profileMinimumRadialDerivative: number;\n}\n\nexport interface InverseRadialDistortionMappings {\n  direction: \"distorted-to-undistorted-batch\";\n  mappings: readonly InverseRadialDistortionMapping[];\n  pointCount: number;\n  profileMinimumRadialDerivative: number;\n}\n\n/** @internal Shared by the composite lens-field batch evaluators. Not exported from the package root. */\nexport interface ValidatedRadialProfile {\n  normalizationRadiusMm: number;\n  maximumNormalizedRadius: number;\n  coefficients: RadialDistortionCoefficients;\n  minimumRadialDerivative: number;\n  maximumMappedNormalizedRadius: number;\n}\n\nconst INVERSE_BISECTION_ITERATIONS = 80;\nconst INVERSE_MAPPED_RADIUS_FLOATING_TOLERANCE_ULPS = 16;\n\nfunction inverseMappedRadiusTolerance(\n  distortedNormalizedRadius: number,\n  maximumMappedNormalizedRadius: number\n): number {\n  return (\n    Number.EPSILON *\n    INVERSE_MAPPED_RADIUS_FLOATING_TOLERANCE_ULPS *\n    Math.max(\n      1,\n      Math.abs(distortedNormalizedRadius),\n      Math.abs(maximumMappedNormalizedRadius)\n    )\n  );\n}\n\nfunction radialScale(\n  normalizedRadius: number,\n  coefficients: RadialDistortionCoefficients\n): number {\n  const r2 = normalizedRadius * normalizedRadius;\n  const r4 = r2 * r2;\n  const r6 = r4 * r2;\n  return (\n    1 +\n    coefficients.k1 * r2 +\n    coefficients.k2 * r4 +\n    coefficients.k3 * r6\n  );\n}\n\nfunction mappedNormalizedRadius(\n  normalizedRadius: number,\n  coefficients: RadialDistortionCoefficients\n): number {\n  return normalizedRadius * radialScale(normalizedRadius, coefficients);\n}\n\nfunction radialDerivativeFromSquaredRadius(\n  squaredRadius: number,\n  coefficients: RadialDistortionCoefficients\n): number {\n  return (\n    1 +\n    3 * coefficients.k1 * squaredRadius +\n    5 * coefficients.k2 * squaredRadius * squaredRadius +\n    7 *\n      coefficients.k3 *\n      squaredRadius *\n      squaredRadius *\n      squaredRadius\n  );\n}\n\nfunction derivativeCriticalSquaredRadii(\n  coefficients: RadialDistortionCoefficients\n): number[] {\n  // d/dr² of the radial derivative:\n  // 3 k1 + 10 k2 s + 21 k3 s² = 0, where s = r².\n  //\n  // Scale the quadratic before solving, so finite caller coefficients cannot\n  // overflow the discriminant. Use the numerically stable q-form roots. Then a\n  // tiny quadratic term cannot erase the smaller physical root through\n  // cancellation and let a non-monotonic profile pass by accident.\n  const a = 21 * coefficients.k3;\n  const b = 10 * coefficients.k2;\n  const c = 3 * coefficients.k1;\n  const coefficientScale = Math.max(\n    Math.abs(a),\n    Math.abs(b),\n    Math.abs(c)\n  );\n\n  if (coefficientScale === 0) {\n    return [];\n  }\n\n  const scaledA = a / coefficientScale;\n  const scaledB = b / coefficientScale;\n  const scaledC = c / coefficientScale;\n\n  if (scaledA === 0) {\n    return scaledB === 0 ? [] : [-scaledC / scaledB];\n  }\n\n  const squaredB = scaledB * scaledB;\n  const fourAC = 4 * scaledA * scaledC;\n  const discriminant = squaredB - fourAC;\n  const discriminantTolerance =\n    Number.EPSILON *\n    16 *\n    Math.max(1, Math.abs(squaredB), Math.abs(fourAC));\n\n  if (discriminant < -discriminantTolerance) {\n    return [];\n  }\n\n  const root = Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, discriminant));\n  if (root === 0) {\n    return [-scaledB / (2 * scaledA)];\n  }\n\n  // root > 0 here, so q is never zero: for scaledB >= 0 the sum scaledB + root is positive and for\n  // scaledB < 0 the difference scaledB - root is negative. (A former q === 0 branch was unreachable.)\n  const q =\n    -0.5 *\n    (scaledB + (scaledB >= 0 ? root : -root));\n\n  return [q / scaledA, scaledC / q];\n}\n\n/** @internal Validates and copies one profile for repeated use inside the package. */\nexport function validateRadialDistortionProfile(\n  profile: RadialDistortionProfile\n): ValidatedRadialProfile {\n  requireInputObject(profile, \"profile input\");\n  requirePositiveFinite(\n    \"profile.normalizationRadiusMm\",\n    profile.normalizationRadiusMm\n  );\n  requirePositiveFinite(\n    \"profile.maximumNormalizedRadius\",\n    profile.maximumNormalizedRadius\n  );\n  requireFinite(\"profile.coefficients.k1\", profile.coefficients.k1);\n  requireFinite(\"profile.coefficients.k2\", profile.coefficients.k2);\n  requireFinite(\"profile.coefficients.k3\", profile.coefficients.k3);\n\n  const maximumSquaredRadius =\n    profile.maximumNormalizedRadius * profile.maximumNormalizedRadius;\n  if (!Number.isFinite(maximumSquaredRadius)) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"profile.maximumNormalizedRadius is too large to evaluate safely.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const candidates = [\n    0,\n    maximumSquaredRadius,\n    ...derivativeCriticalSquaredRadii(profile.coefficients).filter(\n      (value) => value > 0 && value < maximumSquaredRadius\n    )\n  ];\n  const minimumRadialDerivative = Math.min(\n    ...candidates.map((squaredRadius) =>\n      radialDerivativeFromSquaredRadius(\n        squaredRadius,\n        profile.coefficients\n      )\n    )\n  );\n\n  if (\n    !Number.isFinite(minimumRadialDerivative) ||\n    minimumRadialDerivative <= 0\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Radial distortion profile must remain strictly monotonic over maximumNormalizedRadius so inverse mapping is single-valued.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const maximumMappedRadius = mappedNormalizedRadius(\n    profile.maximumNormalizedRadius,\n    profile.coefficients\n  );\n  if (!Number.isFinite(maximumMappedRadius) || maximumMappedRadius <= 0) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"Radial distortion profile produces an invalid mapped operating radius.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  return {\n    normalizationRadiusMm: profile.normalizationRadiusMm,\n    maximumNormalizedRadius: profile.maximumNormalizedRadius,\n    coefficients: { ...profile.coefficients },\n    minimumRadialDerivative,\n    maximumMappedNormalizedRadius: maximumMappedRadius\n  };\n}\n\nfunction requirePoint(name: string, point: LensFieldPointMm): void {\n  if (typeof point !== \"object\" || point === null) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      `${name} must be an object with finite numeric x and y coordinates.`\n    );\n  }\n  if (\n    typeof point.x !== \"number\" ||\n    typeof point.y !== \"number\" ||\n    !Number.isFinite(point.x) ||\n    !Number.isFinite(point.y)\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      `${name} must contain finite numeric x and y coordinates.`\n    );\n  }\n}\n\nfunction mappingAssumptions(): readonly string[] {\n  return [\n    \"Generic rotationally symmetric radial polynomial field mapping\",\n    \"Distortion is centered on the optical axis; decentering and tangential distortion are not modeled\",\n    \"Normalized radius is image-plane radius divided by the caller-declared normalizationRadiusMm\",\n    \"Radial scale is 1 + k1 r^2 + k2 r^4 + k3 r^6\",\n    \"The declared operating radius is required to remain strictly monotonic so inverse mapping is single-valued\",\n    \"Coefficients are generic caller inputs and do not represent a named lens unless separately calibrated with defensible provenance\"\n  ];\n}\n\n/**\n * Applies a generic radial lens-distortion field mapping to one ideal\n * image-plane point.\n *\n * The mapping is rotationally symmetric about the optical axis:\n *\n *   p_distorted = p_ideal * (1 + k1 r² + k2 r⁴ + k3 r⁶)\n *\n * where r is normalized by the caller-declared physical reference radius.\n *\n * A profile is accepted only if the radial mapping is strictly monotonic over\n * its declared operating radius. That makes the inverse mapping\n * (destination-to-source sampling) well defined.\n */\nexport function calculateRadialDistortionMapping(\n  input: CalculateRadialDistortionMappingInput\n): CalculationResult<RadialDistortionMapping> {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"calculateRadialDistortionMapping\", [\"imagePointMm\", \"profile\"]);\n  requirePoint(\"imagePointMm\", input.imagePointMm);\n  const profile = validateRadialDistortionProfile(input.profile);\n\n  const sourceRadiusMm = Math.hypot(\n    input.imagePointMm.x,\n    input.imagePointMm.y\n  );\n  const sourceNormalizedRadius =\n    sourceRadiusMm / profile.normalizationRadiusMm;\n  requireFinite(\"imagePointMm normalized radius\", sourceNormalizedRadius);\n\n  if (sourceNormalizedRadius > profile.maximumNormalizedRadius) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      \"imagePointMm lies outside the radial distortion profile maximumNormalizedRadius.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const scale = radialScale(\n    sourceNormalizedRadius,\n    profile.coefficients\n  );\n  const mappedImagePointMm = {\n    x: input.imagePointMm.x * scale,\n    y: input.imagePointMm.y * scale\n  };\n  const mappedRadius = sourceNormalizedRadius * scale;\n  const deltaX = mappedImagePointMm.x - input.imagePointMm.x;\n  const deltaY = mappedImagePointMm.y - input.imagePointMm.y;\n\n  return approximationResult(\n    {\n      direction: \"undistorted-to-distorted\",\n      sourceImagePointMm: { ...input.imagePointMm },\n      mappedImagePointMm,\n      sourceNormalizedRadius,\n      mappedNormalizedRadius: mappedRadius,\n      radialScale: scale,\n      deltaMm: {\n        x: deltaX,\n        y: deltaY,\n        distance: Math.hypot(deltaX, deltaY)\n      },\n      profileMinimumRadialDerivative:\n        profile.minimumRadialDerivative\n    },\n    \"generic-radial-lens-distortion\",\n    \"1.0.0\",\n    mappingAssumptions()\n  );\n}\n\n/**\n * Inverse-maps one distorted image-plane point to its ideal (undistorted)\n * source point, for destination-to-source sampling in a renderer.\n *\n * The forward mapping must be monotonic, so the inverse is unique over the\n * declared operating radius. The exact centre, an identity profile and the\n * mapped boundary are solved directly. Other radii use a bounded,\n * deterministic bisection that stops when the floating-point bounds can no\n * longer narrow.\n */\nexport interface InverseRadialSourcePointValue {\n  sourceImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm;\n  distortedNormalizedRadius: number;\n  sourceNormalizedRadius: number;\n  radialScaleAtSource: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * @internal Minimal inverse evaluation for composite batch models inside the\n * package that do not need the standalone radial delta or provenance wrapper.\n */\nexport function calculateInverseRadialSourcePointValue(\n  distortedImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm,\n  profile: ValidatedRadialProfile,\n  pointPath: string\n): InverseRadialSourcePointValue {\n  requirePoint(pointPath, distortedImagePointMm);\n\n  const distortedRadiusMm = Math.hypot(\n    distortedImagePointMm.x,\n    distortedImagePointMm.y\n  );\n  const distortedNormalizedRadius =\n    distortedRadiusMm / profile.normalizationRadiusMm;\n  requireFinite(\n    `${pointPath} normalized radius`,\n    distortedNormalizedRadius\n  );\n\n  const mappedRadiusTolerance = inverseMappedRadiusTolerance(\n    distortedNormalizedRadius,\n    profile.maximumMappedNormalizedRadius\n  );\n  if (\n    distortedNormalizedRadius >\n    profile.maximumMappedNormalizedRadius + mappedRadiusTolerance\n  ) {\n    throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n      `${pointPath} lies outside the mapped radial distortion profile operating radius.`\n    );\n  }\n  const solverDistortedNormalizedRadius = Math.min(\n    distortedNormalizedRadius,\n    profile.maximumMappedNormalizedRadius\n  );\n\n  let sourceNormalizedRadius = 0;\n  if (\n    solverDistortedNormalizedRadius ===\n    profile.maximumMappedNormalizedRadius\n  ) {\n    sourceNormalizedRadius = profile.maximumNormalizedRadius;\n  } else if (solverDistortedNormalizedRadius > 0) {\n    const { k1, k2, k3 } = profile.coefficients;\n    if (k1 === 0 && k2 === 0 && k3 === 0) {\n      sourceNormalizedRadius = solverDistortedNormalizedRadius;\n    } else {\n      let lower = 0;\n      let upper = profile.maximumNormalizedRadius;\n\n      for (\n        let iteration = 0;\n        iteration < INVERSE_BISECTION_ITERATIONS;\n        iteration += 1\n      ) {\n        const midpoint = (lower + upper) / 2;\n        if (midpoint === lower || midpoint === upper) {\n          break;\n        }\n\n        const mapped = mappedNormalizedRadius(\n          midpoint,\n          profile.coefficients\n        );\n        if (mapped < solverDistortedNormalizedRadius) {\n          lower = midpoint;\n        } else {\n          upper = midpoint;\n        }\n      }\n      sourceNormalizedRadius = (lower + upper) / 2;\n    }\n  }\n\n  const radialScaleAtSource = radialScale(\n    sourceNormalizedRadius,\n    profile.coefficients\n  );\n  const sourceImagePointMm =\n    distortedNormalizedRadius === 0\n      ? { x: 0, y: 0 }\n      : solverDistortedNormalizedRadius === distortedNormalizedRadius\n        ? {\n            x: distortedImagePointMm.x / radialScaleAtSource,\n            y: distortedImagePointMm.y / radialScaleAtSource\n          }\n        : {\n            x:\n              distortedImagePointMm.x *\n              (sourceNormalizedRadius / distortedNormalizedRadius),\n            y:\n              distortedImagePointMm.y *\n              (sourceNormalizedRadius / distortedNormalizedRadius)\n          };\n\n  return {\n    sourceImagePointMm,\n    distortedNormalizedRadius,\n    sourceNormalizedRadius,\n    radialScaleAtSource\n  };\n}\n\nfunction calculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingValue(\n  distortedImagePointMm: LensFieldPointMm,\n  profile: ValidatedRadialProfile,\n  pointPath: string\n): InverseRadialDistortionMapping {\n  const source = calculateInverseRadialSourcePointValue(\n    distortedImagePointMm,\n    profile,\n    pointPath\n  );\n  const deltaX =\n    source.sourceImagePointMm.x - distortedImagePointMm.x;\n  const deltaY =\n    source.sourceImagePointMm.y - distortedImagePointMm.y;\n\n  return {\n    direction: \"distorted-to-undistorted\",\n    distortedImagePointMm: { ...distortedImagePointMm },\n    sourceImagePointMm: source.sourceImagePointMm,\n    distortedNormalizedRadius: source.distortedNormalizedRadius,\n    sourceNormalizedRadius: source.sourceNormalizedRadius,\n    radialScaleAtSource: source.radialScaleAtSource,\n    deltaMm: {\n      x: deltaX,\n      y: deltaY,\n      distance: Math.hypot(deltaX, deltaY)\n    },\n    profileMinimumRadialDerivative: profile.minimumRadialDerivative\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Inverts the declared monotonic radial field mapping inside its supported range, using the existing\n * bounded root solver. Optical coordinates are kept explicit.\n * @param input - CalculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingInput. See that type for coordinates, units and profile binding.\n * @returns CalculationResult<InverseRadialDistortionMapping>. The result states its shape and scientific status; a successful call does not imply calibration.\n *\n * @see docs/API_REFERENCE.md for the root export and exact type graph.\n */\nexport function calculateInverseRadialDistortionMapping(\n  input: CalculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingInput\n): CalculationResult<InverseRadialDistortionMapping> {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"calculateInverseRadialDistortionMapping\", [\"distortedImagePointMm\", \"profile\"]);\n  const profile = validateRadialDistortionProfile(input.profile);\n  const mapping = calculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingValue(\n    input.distortedImagePointMm,\n    profile,\n    \"distortedImagePointMm\"\n  );\n\n  return approximationResult(\n    mapping,\n    \"generic-inverse-radial-lens-distortion\",\n    \"1.0.0\",\n    [\n      ...mappingAssumptions(),\n      `Inverse radius uses exact center/identity/boundary solutions where applicable and otherwise up to ${INVERSE_BISECTION_ITERATIONS} deterministic bisection iterations, stopping when IEEE-754 bounds can no longer narrow`\n    ]\n  );\n}\n\n/**\n * Inverse-maps many distorted image-plane points at once. The radial profile\n * is validated and resolved only once for the whole batch.\n *\n * Each returned mapping is numerically identical to the single-point API.\n * Provenance and profile validation are reported once for the batch.\n */\nexport function calculateInverseRadialDistortionMappings(\n  input: CalculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingsInput\n): CalculationResult<InverseRadialDistortionMappings> {\n  requireInputKeys(input, \"calculateInverseRadialDistortionMappings\", [\"distortedImagePointsMm\", \"profile\"]);\n  const profile = validateRadialDistortionProfile(input.profile);\n  if (!Array.isArray(input.distortedImagePointsMm)) {\n    throw new InvalidConfigurationError(\n      \"distortedImagePointsMm must be an array of image-plane points.\"\n    );\n  }\n\n  const mappings: InverseRadialDistortionMapping[] = [];\n  for (\n    let index = 0;\n    index < input.distortedImagePointsMm.length;\n    index += 1\n  ) {\n    const point = input.distortedImagePointsMm[index];\n    if (point === undefined) {\n      throw new InvalidScientificInputError(\n        `distortedImagePointsMm[${index}] must be an image-plane point.`\n      );\n    }\n    mappings.push(\n      calculateInverseRadialDistortionMappingValue(\n        point,\n        profile,\n        `distortedImagePointsMm[${index}]`\n      )\n    );\n  }\n\n  return approximationResult(\n    {\n      direction: \"distorted-to-undistorted-batch\",\n      mappings,\n      pointCount: mappings.length,\n      profileMinimumRadialDerivative: profile.minimumRadialDerivative\n    },\n    \"generic-inverse-radial-lens-distortion-batch\",\n    \"1.0.0\",\n    [\n      ...mappingAssumptions(),\n      `Inverse radius uses exact center/identity/boundary solutions where applicable and otherwise up to ${INVERSE_BISECTION_ITERATIONS} deterministic bisection iterations per point, stopping when IEEE-754 bounds can no longer narrow`,\n      \"The radial profile is validated and its invariant extrema are resolved once for the batch\"\n    ]\n  );\n}\n"]}

package/dist/optics/scene-to-sensor-irradiance.d.ts

@@ -25,6 +25,19 @@ import { type SpectralWavelengthBasis } from "../core/spectral.js";
 import { type FrontOfLensFilterProfile } from "./front-of-lens-filter.js";
 import type { IlluminationVignetting } from "./illumination-vignetting.js";
 import { type SceneRadianceEvaluationRequest, type SceneRadianceEvaluationResult } from "../schema/scene-radiance.js";
+/**
+ * The scope fields every engine-built scene-to-sensor profile declares, in this order (shared by the capture facade and the
+ * generic tier presets): the bridge leaves distortion area mapping and PSF redistribution downstream and models none of the rest.
+ */
+export declare const SCENE_TO_SENSOR_BRIDGE_SCOPE: Readonly<{
+    distortionAreaMappingOwnership: "not-applied-by-bridge";
+    psfRedistributionOwnership: "downstream-normalized-energy-redistribution";
+    sensorOpticalStackIncluded: false;
+    strayLightIncluded: false;
+    polarizationModeled: false;
+    wavelengthChangingBehaviorModeled: false;
+    volumetricScatteringModeled: false;
+}>;
 export declare const SCENE_TO_SENSOR_IRRADIANCE_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION: "0.1.0";
 export type OpticalBridgeScientificStatus = "calibrated" | "approximation";
 export type OpticalBridgeUncertainty = {

package/dist/optics/scene-to-sensor-irradiance.js

@@ -23,74 +23,21 @@
 import { approximationResult } from "../core/calculation-result.js";
 import { InvalidConfigurationError } from "../core/configuration-error.js";
 import { parseEvidenceList } from "../core/evidence-provenance.js";
-import { parseSpectralWavelengthBasis } from "../core/spectral.js";
+import {} from "../core/spectral.js";
 import { InvalidScientificInputError } from "../core/validation.js";
-import { composeFrontOfLensFilterTransmission } from "./front-of-lens-filter.js";
+import { composeFrontOfLensFilterTransmission, parseRange, parseResolvedBasis } from "./front-of-lens-filter.js";
 import { calculateThinLensImageDistance } from "./thin-lens.js";
 import { parseSceneRadianceEvaluationRequest, parseSceneRadianceEvaluationResult } from "../schema/scene-radiance.js";
-import { requireInputKeys, rejectUnknownFields, rejectUnknownVariantFields, UNCERTAINTY_VARIANT_FIELDS } from "../core/record-validation.js";
+import { requireInputKeys, rejectUnknownVariantFields, UNCERTAINTY_VARIANT_FIELDS, requireConfigRecord as requireRecord, requireTrimmedConfigString as requireNonEmptyString, parseConfigScientificStatus as parseScientificStatus, requireInputPositiveFinite as requirePositiveFiniteScientific, parseConfigLimitations as parseLimitations, requireConfigFiniteAboveZero as requirePositiveFinite } from "../core/record-validation.js";
+import { requireFraction } from "../color/white-balance.js";
+/**
+ * The scope fields every engine-built scene-to-sensor profile declares, in this order (shared by the capture facade and the
+ * generic tier presets): the bridge leaves distortion area mapping and PSF redistribution downstream and models none of the rest.
+ */
+export const SCENE_TO_SENSOR_BRIDGE_SCOPE = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({ distortionAreaMappingOwnership: "not-applied-by-bridge",
+    psfRedistributionOwnership: "downstream-normalized-energy-redistribution", sensorOpticalStackIncluded: false, strayLightIncluded: false,
+    polarizationModeled: false, wavelengthChangingBehaviorModeled: false, volumetricScatteringModeled: false });
 export const SCENE_TO_SENSOR_IRRADIANCE_PROFILE_SCHEMA_VERSION = "0.1.0";
-function requireRecord(value, path, allowedKeys) {
-    if (typeof value !== "object" ||
-        value === null ||
-        Array.isArray(value)) {
-        throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path + " must be an object.");
-    }
-    if (allowedKeys !== null)
-        rejectUnknownFields(value, allowedKeys, path);
-    return value;
-}
-function requireNonEmptyString(value, path) {
-    if (typeof value !== "string" ||
-        value.trim().length === 0) {
-        throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path + " must be a non-empty string.");
-    }
-    return value.trim();
-}
-function requireFinite(value, path) {
-    if (typeof value !== "number" ||
-        !Number.isFinite(value)) {
-        throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path + " must be finite.");
-    }
-    return value;
-}
-function requirePositiveFinite(value, path) {
-    const parsed = requireFinite(value, path);
-    if (parsed <= 0) {
-        throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path +
-            " must be greater than zero.");
-    }
-    return parsed;
-}
-function requireFraction(value, path) {
-    const parsed = requireFinite(value, path);
-    if (parsed < 0 ||
-        parsed > 1) {
-        throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path +
-            " must be from zero through one.");
-    }
-    return parsed;
-}
-function parseRange(value, path) {
-    const record = requireRecord(value, path, ["minimum", "maximum"]);
-    const minimum = requirePositiveFinite(record.minimum, path + ".minimum");
-    const maximum = requirePositiveFinite(record.maximum, path + ".maximum");
-    if (minimum > maximum) {
-        throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path +
-            ".minimum must be less than or equal to maximum.");
-    }
-    return {
-        minimum,
-        maximum
-    };
-}
-function parseScientificStatus(value, path) {
-    if (value !== "calibrated" &&
-        value !== "approximation") {
-        throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path + " is invalid.");
-    }
-    return value;
-}
 function parseUncertainty(value, path) {
     const record = requireRecord(value, path, null);
     rejectUnknownVariantFields(record, "kind", UNCERTAINTY_VARIANT_FIELDS, path);
@@ -110,21 +57,6 @@ function parseUncertainty(value, path) {
     }
     throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path + ".kind is invalid.");
 }
-function parseLimitations(value, path) {
-    if (!Array.isArray(value)) {
-        throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path + " must be an array.");
-    }
-    const parsed = value.map((entry, index) => requireNonEmptyString(entry, path +
-        "[" +
-        index +
-        "]"));
-    if (new Set(parsed).size !==
-        parsed.length) {
-        throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path +
-            " must not contain duplicates.");
-    }
-    return parsed;
-}
 function parseReusableNumericEvidence(value, path) {
     const evidence = parseEvidenceList(value, path);
     if (evidence.some((entry) => entry.reuseStatus ===
@@ -238,14 +170,6 @@ function parseTransmission(value, path) {
     }
     throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path + ".kind is invalid.");
 }
-function parseResolvedBasis(value, path) {
-    const parsed = parseSpectralWavelengthBasis(value, path);
-    if (parsed === "unspecified") {
-        throw new InvalidConfigurationError(path +
-            ' must resolve to "air" or "vacuum".');
-    }
-    return parsed;
-}
 function parseFocusApplicability(value, path) {
     const record = requireRecord(value, path, null);
     rejectUnknownVariantFields(record, "kind", { any: ["kind"], "finite-distance-range": ["kind", "objectDistanceM"] }, path);
@@ -381,15 +305,6 @@ function workingFNumber(focus, focalLengthMm, nominalFNumber) {
     }
     throw new InvalidConfigurationError("focus.kind is invalid.");
 }
-function requirePositiveFiniteScientific(value, path) {
-    if (typeof value !== "number" ||
-        !Number.isFinite(value) ||
-        value <= 0) {
-        throw new InvalidScientificInputError(path +
-            " must be finite and greater than zero.");
-    }
-    return value;
-}
 function finiteFocusDistance(focus) {
     if (focus.kind ===
         "ideal-symmetric-thin-lens") {