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@pencil-agent/nano-pencil 2.0.0-beta.8 → 2.0.0

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package/dist/extensions/builtin/browser/agent-workspace/domain-skills/steam/scraping.md CHANGED Viewed

@@ -1,575 +1,575 @@
-# Steam — Scraping & Data Extraction
-Field-tested against store.steampowered.com on 2026-04-18. All code blocks validated with live requests.
-## Fastest approach: App Details API (no auth, no browser)
-The `appdetails` endpoint is the primary source for all game data. No API key, no cookies, no auth required. Returns clean JSON for any appid.
-```python
-import json
-from helpers import http_get
-def get_app(appid, cc="US"):
-    """
-    Fetch full game/DLC/software data by Steam appid.
-    cc = ISO-3166 country code for correct regional pricing (default: US).
-    Returns None if appid not found or no longer on Steam.
-    """
-    resp = http_get(
-        f"https://store.steampowered.com/api/appdetails?appids={appid}&cc={cc}"
-    )
-    data = json.loads(resp)
-    entry = data[str(appid)]
-    if not entry["success"]:
-        return None
-    return entry["data"]
-game = get_app(292030)   # The Witcher 3
-# game["name"]               -> "The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt"
-# game["steam_appid"]        -> 292030
-# game["type"]               -> "game" | "dlc" | "demo" | "advertising" | "mod" | "video"
-# game["required_age"]       -> 18    (int, 0 if no restriction)
-# game["is_free"]            -> False
-# game["short_description"]  -> plain-text one-liner
-# game["about_the_game"]     -> HTML
-# game["detailed_description"]-> HTML
-# game["website"]            -> "https://www.thewitcher.com/witcher3"
-# game["header_image"]       -> URL to 460x215px header image
-# game["capsule_image"]      -> URL to smaller capsule image
-# game["background"]         -> URL to store page background
-# game["supported_languages"]-> HTML string with language list (use html.unescape())
-# game["developers"]         -> ["CD PROJEKT RED"]
-# game["publishers"]         -> ["CD PROJEKT RED"]
-# game["platforms"]          -> {"windows": True, "mac": False, "linux": False}
-# game["metacritic"]         -> {"score": 93, "url": "https://www.metacritic.com/..."}
-# game["genres"]             -> [{"id": "3", "description": "RPG"}]
-# game["categories"]         -> [{"id": 2, "description": "Single-player"}, ...]
-# game["release_date"]       -> {"coming_soon": False, "date": "May 18, 2015"}
-# game["dlc"]                -> [355880, 378649, ...]  (list of DLC appids)
-# game["legal_notice"]       -> copyright text
-# game["ratings"]            -> per-region rating board data (ESRB, PEGI, USK, ...)
-# game["content_descriptors"]-> {"ids": [1, 5], "notes": "..."}
-# game["recommendations"]    -> {"total": 812249}
-# game["achievements"]       -> {"total": 78, "highlighted": [...]}
-# game["support_info"]       -> {"url": "...", "email": "..."}
-# game["pc_requirements"]    -> {"minimum": "<html>...", "recommended": "<html>..."}
-# game["mac_requirements"]   -> same structure or []
-# game["linux_requirements"] -> same structure or []
-```
----
-## Price overview
-Prices are always in **cents** (integer). Use `final_formatted` for display.
-```python
-game = get_app(292030)
-po = game.get("price_overview")
-# po is None for free-to-play games (is_free=True)
-if po:
-    print(po["currency"])           # "USD"
-    print(po["final"])              # 3999          (cents — $39.99)
-    print(po["initial"])            # 3999          (original price in cents)
-    print(po["discount_percent"])   # 0             (0–100)
-    print(po["final_formatted"])    # "$39.99"       (always present, ready to display)
-    print(po["initial_formatted"])  # ""             (EMPTY when not discounted!)
-                                    # "$49.99"       (only set when discount_percent > 0)
-```
-**Critical**: `initial_formatted` is an empty string when `discount_percent == 0`.
-Always use `final_formatted` for displaying current price.
-```python
-def price_display(game):
-    """Returns (current_price_str, original_price_str_or_None, discount_pct)."""
-    if game.get("is_free"):
-        return ("Free", None, 0)
-    po = game.get("price_overview")
-    if not po:
-        return ("N/A", None, 0)
-    disc = po["discount_percent"]
-    orig = po["initial_formatted"] if disc > 0 else None
-    return (po["final_formatted"], orig, disc)
-# Witcher3: ("$39.99", None, 0)
-# Discounted game: ("$24.99", "$49.99", 50)
-# Dota2: ("Free", None, 0)
-```
-### Regional pricing
-Pass `cc=` (ISO-3166 country code) to get local currency:
-```python
-get_app(292030, cc="GB")["price_overview"]
-# {"currency": "GBP", "initial": 2499, "final": 2499, ..., "final_formatted": "£24.99"}
-get_app(292030, cc="DE")["price_overview"]
-# {"currency": "EUR", "initial": 2999, "final": 2999, ..., "final_formatted": "29,99€"}
-```
----
-## Bulk / concurrent fetching
-10 games in 0.54s with 5 workers — no rate-limit errors observed:
-```python
-import json
-from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
-from helpers import http_get
-def fetch_game(appid, cc="US"):
-    resp = http_get(
-        f"https://store.steampowered.com/api/appdetails?appids={appid}&cc={cc}"
-    )
-    data = json.loads(resp)
-    entry = data[str(appid)]
-    return entry["data"] if entry["success"] else None
-appids = [292030, 570, 413150, 427520, 730, 550, 220, 400, 218620, 105600]
-with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as ex:
-    games = list(ex.map(fetch_game, appids))
-# Completed in ~0.54s
-# games[i] is None if appid not found
-```
-**Confirmed field values for common appids:**
-- `570` (Dota 2): `is_free=True`, `price_overview=None`, `required_age=0`
-- `292030` (Witcher 3): `is_free=False`, `required_age=18`, `metacritic.score=93`
-- `413150` (Stardew Valley): `is_free=False`, `required_age=0`, `metacritic=None`
-- `427520` (Factorio): `is_free=False`, `required_age=0`
----
-## Partial field fetch (filters=)
-Fetch only specific fields to reduce payload size:
-```python
-# Price only (tiny response)
-resp = http_get("https://store.steampowered.com/api/appdetails?appids=292030&filters=price_overview")
-data = json.loads(resp)["292030"]["data"]
-# data keys: ["price_overview"]
-# Basic metadata (no price, no media)
-resp = http_get("https://store.steampowered.com/api/appdetails?appids=292030&filters=basic")
-# data keys: about_the_game, capsule_image, capsule_imagev5, detailed_description, dlc,
-#            header_image, is_free, legal_notice, linux_requirements, mac_requirements,
-#            name, pc_requirements, required_age, reviews, short_description,
-#            steam_appid, supported_languages, type, website
-# Multiple filters comma-separated
-resp = http_get("https://store.steampowered.com/api/appdetails?appids=292030&filters=screenshots,price_overview")
-# data keys: ["price_overview", "screenshots"]
-```
----
-## Media fields
-### Screenshots
-```python
-game = get_app(292030)
-for ss in game["screenshots"]:       # 18 screenshots for Witcher 3
-    print(ss["id"])                  # 0, 1, 2, ...
-    print(ss["path_thumbnail"])      # 600x338 JPEG URL
-    print(ss["path_full"])           # 1920x1080 JPEG URL
-```
-### Movies / trailers
-```python
-for m in game["movies"]:             # 4 trailers for Witcher 3
-    print(m["id"])                   # integer
-    print(m["name"])                 # trailer title
-    print(m["thumbnail"])            # thumbnail URL
-    print(m["highlight"])            # bool — main trailer flag
-    # m["webm"]  -> None (old format, mostly absent)
-    # m["mp4"]   -> None (old format, mostly absent)
-    # m["dash_av1"]  -> dash_av1 stream URL (present on modern entries)
-    # m["dash_h264"] -> dash_h264 stream URL
-    # m["hls_h264"]  -> HLS stream URL
-```
----
-## Ratings and content descriptors
-The `ratings` dict contains per-region rating board data for mature games:
-```python
-game = get_app(292030)
-# ESRB (North America)
-esrb = game["ratings"].get("esrb", {})
-esrb["rating"]          # "m" (lowercase)  -> M for Mature
-esrb["descriptors"]     # "Blood and Gore\r\nIntense Violence\r\nNudity\r\n..."
-esrb["use_age_gate"]    # "true" (string, not bool)
-esrb["required_age"]    # "17" (string, not int)
-# PEGI (Europe)
-pegi = game["ratings"].get("pegi", {})
-pegi["rating"]          # "18"
-pegi["descriptors"]     # "Violence\r\nBad language"
-# USK (Germany)
-usk = game["ratings"].get("usk", {})
-usk["rating"]           # "18"
-# steam_germany (Germany digital-only classification)
-sg = game["ratings"].get("steam_germany", {})
-sg["rating"]            # "16"
-sg["banned"]            # "0"  (1 = banned in Germany)
-# igrs (Indonesia)
-igrs = game["ratings"].get("igrs", {})
-igrs["rating"]          # "BANNED" if banned there
-igrs["banned"]          # "1"
-# Other keys: oflc, nzoflc, kgrb, dejus, mda, fpb, csrr, crl
-```
-Content descriptor IDs (from `content_descriptors.ids`):
-- `1` = Some Nudity or Sexual Content
-- `5` = Frequent Violence or Gore
----
-## Age-gated store pages
-**The `appdetails` API completely bypasses age gates.** It returns full data for any game regardless of rating or age restriction — no cookies needed.
-The **store webpage** (`store.steampowered.com/app/{appid}/`) redirects mature games to an age verification form:
-```
-GET https://store.steampowered.com/app/292030/
--> 302 -> https://store.steampowered.com/agecheck/app/292030/
-```
-To bypass the age gate on the store page, send the `birthtime` cookie:
-```python
-import urllib.request
-def get_store_page(appid):
-    """Fetch game store HTML page, bypassing age gate."""
-    req = urllib.request.Request(
-        f"https://store.steampowered.com/app/{appid}/",
-        headers={
-            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0",
-            "Cookie": "birthtime=631152001; lastagecheckage=1-January-1990"
-        }
-    )
-    with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=15) as r:
-        html = r.read().decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
-        if "agecheck" in r.url:
-            return None   # Age gate not bypassed
-        return html
-```
-`birthtime=631152001` = January 1, 1990 in Unix time. Steam accepts any date before the current year minus the required age.
----
-## Search
-### storesearch API (title search, up to 10 results)
-```python
-import json, urllib.parse
-from helpers import http_get
-def search_games(term, cc="US", lang="english"):
-    """
-    Returns up to 10 matching apps/DLC/bundles.
-    No pagination — always exactly 10 results max.
-    """
-    q = urllib.parse.quote(term)
-    resp = http_get(
-        f"https://store.steampowered.com/api/storesearch/?term={q}&l={lang}&cc={cc}"
-    )
-    data = json.loads(resp)
-    return data["items"]
-results = search_games("witcher")
-# [
-#   {"type": "app", "name": "The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt", "id": 292030,
-#    "price": {"currency": "USD", "initial": 3999, "final": 3999},
-#    "tiny_image": "https://...", "metascore": "93",
-#    "platforms": {"windows": True, "mac": False, "linux": False},
-#    "streamingvideo": False},
-#   {"type": "sub", ...},  # bundles have type="sub"
-#   ...
-# ]
-```
-**Search result fields:**
-- `id` — appid (or subid for bundles)
-- `type` — `"app"` | `"sub"` (bundle)
-- `name` — game title
-- `price` — `{"currency": "USD", "initial": cents, "final": cents}` — `None` for F2P
-- `metascore` — string e.g. `"93"`, `"0"` if no score
-- `platforms` — `{"windows": bool, "mac": bool, "linux": bool}`
-- `tiny_image` — 231x87px capsule image URL
-- `streamingvideo` — bool
-**Note:** `price` in search results has only `initial` and `final` — no `discount_percent` or `formatted` strings. Use `appdetails` for full pricing.
----
-## Review scores and user reviews
-```python
-import json, urllib.parse
-from helpers import http_get
-def get_reviews(appid, num=10, language="english", filter="recent",
-                review_type="all", purchase_type="all", cursor="*"):
-    """
-    filter: "recent" | "updated" | "all"
-    review_type: "all" | "positive" | "negative"
-    purchase_type: "all" | "steam" | "non_steam_purchase"
-    language: "english" | "all" | ISO code
-    cursor: use returned cursor for next page (URL-encode it)
-    """
-    encoded_cursor = urllib.parse.quote(cursor)
-    resp = http_get(
-        f"https://store.steampowered.com/appreviews/{appid}"
-        f"?json=1&num_per_page={num}&language={language}"
-        f"&filter={filter}&review_type={review_type}"
-        f"&purchase_type={purchase_type}&cursor={encoded_cursor}"
-    )
-    return json.loads(resp)
-result = get_reviews(292030, num=5, language="english")
-# result["success"]          -> 1 (int, not bool)
-# result["cursor"]           -> "AoJ4rq..."  (base64, URL-encode for next page)
-# result["query_summary"]["review_score"]      -> 9      (0–9 score)
-# result["query_summary"]["review_score_desc"] -> "Overwhelmingly Positive"
-# result["query_summary"]["total_positive"]    -> 226883
-# result["query_summary"]["total_negative"]    -> 7499
-# result["query_summary"]["total_reviews"]     -> 234382  (steam purchase only)
-# result["reviews"]          -> list of review objects
-```
-**Review score descriptions (review_score int to string):**
-| Score | Description |
-|-------|-------------|
-| 9 | Overwhelmingly Positive |
-| 8 | Very Positive |
-| 7 | Mostly Positive |
-| 6 | Positive (Mixed) |
-| 5 | Mixed |
-| 4 | Mostly Negative |
-| 3 | Negative |
-| 2 | Mostly Negative |
-| 1 | Overwhelmingly Negative |
-| 0 | No reviews |
-**Confirmed scores:** Witcher 3 = 9, Counter-Strike 2 = 8, Stardew Valley = 9, Factorio = 9.
-### Review object fields
-```python
-review = result["reviews"][0]
-review["recommendationid"]           # "221423937"  — unique review ID
-review["voted_up"]                   # True/False  — positive/negative
-review["votes_up"]                   # 213         — helpful votes
-review["votes_funny"]                # 66
-review["weighted_vote_score"]        # 0.8405...   — Steam's helpfulness score
-review["comment_count"]              # 20
-review["steam_purchase"]             # True
-review["received_for_free"]          # False
-review["written_during_early_access"]# False
-review["timestamp_created"]          # 1774209092  (Unix timestamp)
-review["timestamp_updated"]          # Unix timestamp
-review["language"]                   # "english"
-review["review"]                     # review text
-review["app_release_date"]           # Unix timestamp of game release
-review["author"]["steamid"]              # "76561198..."
-review["author"]["personaname"]          # display name
-review["author"]["num_games_owned"]      # 1039
-review["author"]["num_reviews"]          # 180
-review["author"]["playtime_forever"]     # 1146  (minutes total)
-review["author"]["playtime_last_two_weeks"] # minutes in last 2 weeks
-review["author"]["playtime_at_review"]   # minutes at time of review
-review["author"]["last_played"]          # Unix timestamp
-```
-### Cursor-based pagination
-```python
-import urllib.parse, json
-from helpers import http_get
-def get_all_reviews(appid, max_pages=5, num_per_page=100, language="all"):
-    """Paginate through reviews using cursor."""
-    cursor = "*"
-    all_reviews = []
-    for _ in range(max_pages):
-        resp = http_get(
-            f"https://store.steampowered.com/appreviews/{appid}"
-            f"?json=1&num_per_page={num_per_page}&language={language}"
-            f"&filter=recent&cursor={urllib.parse.quote(cursor)}"
-        )
-        data = json.loads(resp)
-        batch = data.get("reviews", [])
-        if not batch:
-            break
-        all_reviews.extend(batch)
-        cursor = data.get("cursor", "")
-        if not cursor:
-            break
-    return all_reviews
-```
----
-## Featured games
-### Featured items (rotating store front)
-```python
-import json
-from helpers import http_get
-data = json.loads(http_get("https://store.steampowered.com/api/featured/"))
-# data["large_capsules"]  -> 1-3 hero banner items
-# data["featured_win"]    -> 10 featured items for Windows
-# data["featured_mac"]    -> macOS featured
-# data["featured_linux"]  -> Linux featured
-# data["status"]          -> 1
-item = data["featured_win"][0]
-# item["id"]                -> appid
-# item["name"]              -> game title
-# item["discounted"]        -> bool
-# item["discount_percent"]  -> 0-100
-# item["original_price"]    -> cents
-# item["final_price"]       -> cents
-# item["currency"]          -> "USD"
-# item["windows_available"] -> bool
-# item["mac_available"]     -> bool
-# item["linux_available"]   -> bool
-# item["large_capsule_image"] -> URL
-# item["small_capsule_image"] -> URL
-# item["header_image"]      -> URL
-# item["controller_support"] -> "full" | "partial" | ""
-```
-### Featured categories (top sellers, specials, new releases, coming soon)
-```python
-data = json.loads(http_get("https://store.steampowered.com/api/featuredcategories/"))
-# Named sections (most useful):
-specials    = data["specials"]["items"]      # 10 on-sale games
-top_sellers = data["top_sellers"]["items"]  # 10 top sellers
-new_releases= data["new_releases"]["items"] # 30 new releases
-coming_soon = data["coming_soon"]["items"]  # 10 upcoming games
-# Numbered keys "0" through "7" are spotlight banners (deals/events)
-item = top_sellers[0]
-# item["id"]                   -> appid
-# item["name"]                 -> game title
-# item["discounted"]           -> bool
-# item["discount_percent"]     -> 0-100
-# item["original_price"]       -> cents (None for upcoming games)
-# item["final_price"]          -> cents (0 for upcoming)
-# item["currency"]             -> "USD"
-# item["discount_expiration"]  -> Unix timestamp (present for active sales)
-# item["windows_available"]    -> bool
-# item["mac_available"]        -> bool
-# item["linux_available"]      -> bool
-# item["header_image"]         -> URL
-```
----
-## App list (all Steam apps)
-The `ISteamApps/GetAppList` API endpoint (v1, v2, v0001, v0002) currently returns **HTTP 404** from `api.steampowered.com` as of 2026-04-18. The endpoint is effectively retired without a Steamworks API key.
-**Workaround:** Use the featured categories and search APIs to discover appids, then batch-fetch via `appdetails`.
-```python
-# Discover appids from top sellers + new releases
-import json
-from helpers import http_get
-def get_all_store_appids():
-    data = json.loads(http_get("https://store.steampowered.com/api/featuredcategories/"))
-    appids = set()
-    for key in ["specials", "top_sellers", "new_releases", "coming_soon"]:
-        for item in data.get(key, {}).get("items", []):
-            appids.add(item["id"])
-    for key in ["featured_win", "featured_mac", "featured_linux"]:
-        for item in data.get(key, []):
-            appids.add(item["id"])
-    return sorted(appids)
-# Returns ~50 store-front appids (enough to seed further discovery)
-```
----
-## Rate limits
-Steam's public APIs are generous. Confirmed during testing:
-- **10 sequential requests in 1.59s** — all HTTP 200, no throttling
-- **10 concurrent requests (5 workers) in 0.54s** — all succeeded
-- **No `Retry-After` header** observed at any concurrency level
-Practical limits (undocumented, inferred from community reports):
-- ~200 requests/5 minutes per IP to `appdetails` before soft throttling (returns `success: false`)
-- Review API is more restrictive — keep to ~50 requests/minute
----
-## Gotchas
-**`success: false` with no data field** — When an appid is invalid, removed, or unreleased, the response is `{"999999": {"success": false}}` with no `data` key. Always check `entry["success"]` before accessing `entry["data"]`.
-```python
-entry = json.loads(resp)[str(appid)]
-if not entry["success"]:
-    return None   # game removed or never existed
-game = entry["data"]
-```
-**Multiple appids in one call — not supported** — `appids=292030,570` returns HTTP 400. The API only accepts a single appid per call. Use `ThreadPoolExecutor` for bulk fetching.
-**`price_overview` is `None` for free games** — When `is_free=True`, the `price_overview` key is absent or `None`. Never index `game["price_overview"]["final"]` without a None check.
-**`initial_formatted` is empty string when not on sale** — When `discount_percent == 0`, `initial_formatted` is `""`. Only `final_formatted` is reliably present and non-empty. Use `final_formatted` for display in all cases.
-**Store page age gate** — `store.steampowered.com/app/{appid}/` redirects mature games to `/agecheck/app/{appid}/`. The `appdetails` API completely bypasses this — no cookies needed. For browser-based scraping of the store page, send `Cookie: birthtime=631152001; lastagecheckage=1-January-1990`.
-**`storesearch` always returns ≤ 10 results** — No pagination. `total` in the response is always 10, not the true result count. For finding specific games, this is sufficient. For catalog browsing, use `appdetails` with known appids.
-**`metascore` is string `"0"` in search results, int `93` in appdetails** — Inconsistent types. In `storesearch` results, `metascore` is a string (e.g. `"93"`, `"0"`). In `appdetails`, `metacritic` is a dict `{"score": 93, "url": "..."}` or absent entirely. Always `int()` the storesearch value.
-**`appdetails` returns `type: "dlc"` for DLC** — Check `game["type"]` before treating every appid as a standalone game. Type values: `"game"`, `"dlc"`, `"demo"`, `"advertising"`, `"mod"`, `"video"`.
-**`ratings` dict uses string booleans** — `use_age_gate` and `required_age` inside `ratings[board]` are strings (`"true"`, `"17"`), not native types. `banned` is also a string `"0"` or `"1"`.
-**`ISteamApps/GetAppList` is dead** — HTTP 404 for v1, v2, v0001, v0002 endpoints as of 2026-04-18. Use store front APIs and search to discover appids instead.
-**`supported_languages` is HTML** — The field contains escaped HTML like `English<strong>*</strong>, French`. Starred languages have full audio. Use `html.unescape()` and strip tags to get a clean list.
-**`release_date.date` is a locale string, not ISO** — Value is `"May 18, 2015"` not `"2015-05-18"`. Parse with `datetime.strptime(d, "%B %d, %Y")` or use regex.
-**Review `purchase_type` changes total counts** — `purchase_type=all` includes reviews from non-Steam purchases (physical, Humble, etc.). `purchase_type=steam` is Steam-only. Witcher 3 example: `all`=802,072 reviews, `steam`=234,385.
-**Currency requires `cc=` param** — Without `cc=`, you get USD by default. Pass `cc=GB` for GBP, `cc=DE` for EUR, etc. Country codes are ISO-3166 (2-letter, uppercase).
+# Steam — Scraping & Data Extraction
+Field-tested against store.steampowered.com on 2026-04-18. All code blocks validated with live requests.
+## Fastest approach: App Details API (no auth, no browser)
+The `appdetails` endpoint is the primary source for all game data. No API key, no cookies, no auth required. Returns clean JSON for any appid.
+```python
+import json
+from helpers import http_get
+def get_app(appid, cc="US"):
+    """
+    Fetch full game/DLC/software data by Steam appid.
+    cc = ISO-3166 country code for correct regional pricing (default: US).
+    Returns None if appid not found or no longer on Steam.
+    """
+    resp = http_get(
+        f"https://store.steampowered.com/api/appdetails?appids={appid}&cc={cc}"
+    )
+    data = json.loads(resp)
+    entry = data[str(appid)]
+    if not entry["success"]:
+        return None
+    return entry["data"]
+game = get_app(292030)   # The Witcher 3
+# game["name"]               -> "The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt"
+# game["steam_appid"]        -> 292030
+# game["type"]               -> "game" | "dlc" | "demo" | "advertising" | "mod" | "video"
+# game["required_age"]       -> 18    (int, 0 if no restriction)
+# game["is_free"]            -> False
+# game["short_description"]  -> plain-text one-liner
+# game["about_the_game"]     -> HTML
+# game["detailed_description"]-> HTML
+# game["website"]            -> "https://www.thewitcher.com/witcher3"
+# game["header_image"]       -> URL to 460x215px header image
+# game["capsule_image"]      -> URL to smaller capsule image
+# game["background"]         -> URL to store page background
+# game["supported_languages"]-> HTML string with language list (use html.unescape())
+# game["developers"]         -> ["CD PROJEKT RED"]
+# game["publishers"]         -> ["CD PROJEKT RED"]
+# game["platforms"]          -> {"windows": True, "mac": False, "linux": False}
+# game["metacritic"]         -> {"score": 93, "url": "https://www.metacritic.com/..."}
+# game["genres"]             -> [{"id": "3", "description": "RPG"}]
+# game["categories"]         -> [{"id": 2, "description": "Single-player"}, ...]
+# game["release_date"]       -> {"coming_soon": False, "date": "May 18, 2015"}
+# game["dlc"]                -> [355880, 378649, ...]  (list of DLC appids)
+# game["legal_notice"]       -> copyright text
+# game["ratings"]            -> per-region rating board data (ESRB, PEGI, USK, ...)
+# game["content_descriptors"]-> {"ids": [1, 5], "notes": "..."}
+# game["recommendations"]    -> {"total": 812249}
+# game["achievements"]       -> {"total": 78, "highlighted": [...]}
+# game["support_info"]       -> {"url": "...", "email": "..."}
+# game["pc_requirements"]    -> {"minimum": "<html>...", "recommended": "<html>..."}
+# game["mac_requirements"]   -> same structure or []
+# game["linux_requirements"] -> same structure or []
+```
+---
+## Price overview
+Prices are always in **cents** (integer). Use `final_formatted` for display.
+```python
+game = get_app(292030)
+po = game.get("price_overview")
+# po is None for free-to-play games (is_free=True)
+if po:
+    print(po["currency"])           # "USD"
+    print(po["final"])              # 3999          (cents — $39.99)
+    print(po["initial"])            # 3999          (original price in cents)
+    print(po["discount_percent"])   # 0             (0–100)
+    print(po["final_formatted"])    # "$39.99"       (always present, ready to display)
+    print(po["initial_formatted"])  # ""             (EMPTY when not discounted!)
+                                    # "$49.99"       (only set when discount_percent > 0)
+```
+**Critical**: `initial_formatted` is an empty string when `discount_percent == 0`.
+Always use `final_formatted` for displaying current price.
+```python
+def price_display(game):
+    """Returns (current_price_str, original_price_str_or_None, discount_pct)."""
+    if game.get("is_free"):
+        return ("Free", None, 0)
+    po = game.get("price_overview")
+    if not po:
+        return ("N/A", None, 0)
+    disc = po["discount_percent"]
+    orig = po["initial_formatted"] if disc > 0 else None
+    return (po["final_formatted"], orig, disc)
+# Witcher3: ("$39.99", None, 0)
+# Discounted game: ("$24.99", "$49.99", 50)
+# Dota2: ("Free", None, 0)
+```
+### Regional pricing
+Pass `cc=` (ISO-3166 country code) to get local currency:
+```python
+get_app(292030, cc="GB")["price_overview"]
+# {"currency": "GBP", "initial": 2499, "final": 2499, ..., "final_formatted": "£24.99"}
+get_app(292030, cc="DE")["price_overview"]
+# {"currency": "EUR", "initial": 2999, "final": 2999, ..., "final_formatted": "29,99€"}
+```
+---
+## Bulk / concurrent fetching
+10 games in 0.54s with 5 workers — no rate-limit errors observed:
+```python
+import json
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+from helpers import http_get
+def fetch_game(appid, cc="US"):
+    resp = http_get(
+        f"https://store.steampowered.com/api/appdetails?appids={appid}&cc={cc}"
+    )
+    data = json.loads(resp)
+    entry = data[str(appid)]
+    return entry["data"] if entry["success"] else None
+appids = [292030, 570, 413150, 427520, 730, 550, 220, 400, 218620, 105600]
+with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as ex:
+    games = list(ex.map(fetch_game, appids))
+# Completed in ~0.54s
+# games[i] is None if appid not found
+```
+**Confirmed field values for common appids:**
+- `570` (Dota 2): `is_free=True`, `price_overview=None`, `required_age=0`
+- `292030` (Witcher 3): `is_free=False`, `required_age=18`, `metacritic.score=93`
+- `413150` (Stardew Valley): `is_free=False`, `required_age=0`, `metacritic=None`
+- `427520` (Factorio): `is_free=False`, `required_age=0`
+---
+## Partial field fetch (filters=)
+Fetch only specific fields to reduce payload size:
+```python
+# Price only (tiny response)
+resp = http_get("https://store.steampowered.com/api/appdetails?appids=292030&filters=price_overview")
+data = json.loads(resp)["292030"]["data"]
+# data keys: ["price_overview"]
+# Basic metadata (no price, no media)
+resp = http_get("https://store.steampowered.com/api/appdetails?appids=292030&filters=basic")
+# data keys: about_the_game, capsule_image, capsule_imagev5, detailed_description, dlc,
+#            header_image, is_free, legal_notice, linux_requirements, mac_requirements,
+#            name, pc_requirements, required_age, reviews, short_description,
+#            steam_appid, supported_languages, type, website
+# Multiple filters comma-separated
+resp = http_get("https://store.steampowered.com/api/appdetails?appids=292030&filters=screenshots,price_overview")
+# data keys: ["price_overview", "screenshots"]
+```
+---
+## Media fields
+### Screenshots
+```python
+game = get_app(292030)
+for ss in game["screenshots"]:       # 18 screenshots for Witcher 3
+    print(ss["id"])                  # 0, 1, 2, ...
+    print(ss["path_thumbnail"])      # 600x338 JPEG URL
+    print(ss["path_full"])           # 1920x1080 JPEG URL
+```
+### Movies / trailers
+```python
+for m in game["movies"]:             # 4 trailers for Witcher 3
+    print(m["id"])                   # integer
+    print(m["name"])                 # trailer title
+    print(m["thumbnail"])            # thumbnail URL
+    print(m["highlight"])            # bool — main trailer flag
+    # m["webm"]  -> None (old format, mostly absent)
+    # m["mp4"]   -> None (old format, mostly absent)
+    # m["dash_av1"]  -> dash_av1 stream URL (present on modern entries)
+    # m["dash_h264"] -> dash_h264 stream URL
+    # m["hls_h264"]  -> HLS stream URL
+```
+---
+## Ratings and content descriptors
+The `ratings` dict contains per-region rating board data for mature games:
+```python
+game = get_app(292030)
+# ESRB (North America)
+esrb = game["ratings"].get("esrb", {})
+esrb["rating"]          # "m" (lowercase)  -> M for Mature
+esrb["descriptors"]     # "Blood and Gore\r\nIntense Violence\r\nNudity\r\n..."
+esrb["use_age_gate"]    # "true" (string, not bool)
+esrb["required_age"]    # "17" (string, not int)
+# PEGI (Europe)
+pegi = game["ratings"].get("pegi", {})
+pegi["rating"]          # "18"
+pegi["descriptors"]     # "Violence\r\nBad language"
+# USK (Germany)
+usk = game["ratings"].get("usk", {})
+usk["rating"]           # "18"
+# steam_germany (Germany digital-only classification)
+sg = game["ratings"].get("steam_germany", {})
+sg["rating"]            # "16"
+sg["banned"]            # "0"  (1 = banned in Germany)
+# igrs (Indonesia)
+igrs = game["ratings"].get("igrs", {})
+igrs["rating"]          # "BANNED" if banned there
+igrs["banned"]          # "1"
+# Other keys: oflc, nzoflc, kgrb, dejus, mda, fpb, csrr, crl
+```
+Content descriptor IDs (from `content_descriptors.ids`):
+- `1` = Some Nudity or Sexual Content
+- `5` = Frequent Violence or Gore
+---
+## Age-gated store pages
+**The `appdetails` API completely bypasses age gates.** It returns full data for any game regardless of rating or age restriction — no cookies needed.
+The **store webpage** (`store.steampowered.com/app/{appid}/`) redirects mature games to an age verification form:
+```
+GET https://store.steampowered.com/app/292030/
+-> 302 -> https://store.steampowered.com/agecheck/app/292030/
+```
+To bypass the age gate on the store page, send the `birthtime` cookie:
+```python
+import urllib.request
+def get_store_page(appid):
+    """Fetch game store HTML page, bypassing age gate."""
+    req = urllib.request.Request(
+        f"https://store.steampowered.com/app/{appid}/",
+        headers={
+            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0",
+            "Cookie": "birthtime=631152001; lastagecheckage=1-January-1990"
+        }
+    )
+    with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=15) as r:
+        html = r.read().decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+        if "agecheck" in r.url:
+            return None   # Age gate not bypassed
+        return html
+```
+`birthtime=631152001` = January 1, 1990 in Unix time. Steam accepts any date before the current year minus the required age.
+---
+## Search
+### storesearch API (title search, up to 10 results)
+```python
+import json, urllib.parse
+from helpers import http_get
+def search_games(term, cc="US", lang="english"):
+    """
+    Returns up to 10 matching apps/DLC/bundles.
+    No pagination — always exactly 10 results max.
+    """
+    q = urllib.parse.quote(term)
+    resp = http_get(
+        f"https://store.steampowered.com/api/storesearch/?term={q}&l={lang}&cc={cc}"
+    )
+    data = json.loads(resp)
+    return data["items"]
+results = search_games("witcher")
+# [
+#   {"type": "app", "name": "The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt", "id": 292030,
+#    "price": {"currency": "USD", "initial": 3999, "final": 3999},
+#    "tiny_image": "https://...", "metascore": "93",
+#    "platforms": {"windows": True, "mac": False, "linux": False},
+#    "streamingvideo": False},
+#   {"type": "sub", ...},  # bundles have type="sub"
+#   ...
+# ]
+```
+**Search result fields:**
+- `id` — appid (or subid for bundles)
+- `type` — `"app"` | `"sub"` (bundle)
+- `name` — game title
+- `price` — `{"currency": "USD", "initial": cents, "final": cents}` — `None` for F2P
+- `metascore` — string e.g. `"93"`, `"0"` if no score
+- `platforms` — `{"windows": bool, "mac": bool, "linux": bool}`
+- `tiny_image` — 231x87px capsule image URL
+- `streamingvideo` — bool
+**Note:** `price` in search results has only `initial` and `final` — no `discount_percent` or `formatted` strings. Use `appdetails` for full pricing.
+---
+## Review scores and user reviews
+```python
+import json, urllib.parse
+from helpers import http_get
+def get_reviews(appid, num=10, language="english", filter="recent",
+                review_type="all", purchase_type="all", cursor="*"):
+    """
+    filter: "recent" | "updated" | "all"
+    review_type: "all" | "positive" | "negative"
+    purchase_type: "all" | "steam" | "non_steam_purchase"
+    language: "english" | "all" | ISO code
+    cursor: use returned cursor for next page (URL-encode it)
+    """
+    encoded_cursor = urllib.parse.quote(cursor)
+    resp = http_get(
+        f"https://store.steampowered.com/appreviews/{appid}"
+        f"?json=1&num_per_page={num}&language={language}"
+        f"&filter={filter}&review_type={review_type}"
+        f"&purchase_type={purchase_type}&cursor={encoded_cursor}"
+    )
+    return json.loads(resp)
+result = get_reviews(292030, num=5, language="english")
+# result["success"]          -> 1 (int, not bool)
+# result["cursor"]           -> "AoJ4rq..."  (base64, URL-encode for next page)
+# result["query_summary"]["review_score"]      -> 9      (0–9 score)
+# result["query_summary"]["review_score_desc"] -> "Overwhelmingly Positive"
+# result["query_summary"]["total_positive"]    -> 226883
+# result["query_summary"]["total_negative"]    -> 7499
+# result["query_summary"]["total_reviews"]     -> 234382  (steam purchase only)
+# result["reviews"]          -> list of review objects
+```
+**Review score descriptions (review_score int to string):**
+| Score | Description |
+|-------|-------------|
+| 9 | Overwhelmingly Positive |
+| 8 | Very Positive |
+| 7 | Mostly Positive |
+| 6 | Positive (Mixed) |
+| 5 | Mixed |
+| 4 | Mostly Negative |
+| 3 | Negative |
+| 2 | Mostly Negative |
+| 1 | Overwhelmingly Negative |
+| 0 | No reviews |
+**Confirmed scores:** Witcher 3 = 9, Counter-Strike 2 = 8, Stardew Valley = 9, Factorio = 9.
+### Review object fields
+```python
+review = result["reviews"][0]
+review["recommendationid"]           # "221423937"  — unique review ID
+review["voted_up"]                   # True/False  — positive/negative
+review["votes_up"]                   # 213         — helpful votes
+review["votes_funny"]                # 66
+review["weighted_vote_score"]        # 0.8405...   — Steam's helpfulness score
+review["comment_count"]              # 20
+review["steam_purchase"]             # True
+review["received_for_free"]          # False
+review["written_during_early_access"]# False
+review["timestamp_created"]          # 1774209092  (Unix timestamp)
+review["timestamp_updated"]          # Unix timestamp
+review["language"]                   # "english"
+review["review"]                     # review text
+review["app_release_date"]           # Unix timestamp of game release
+review["author"]["steamid"]              # "76561198..."
+review["author"]["personaname"]          # display name
+review["author"]["num_games_owned"]      # 1039
+review["author"]["num_reviews"]          # 180
+review["author"]["playtime_forever"]     # 1146  (minutes total)
+review["author"]["playtime_last_two_weeks"] # minutes in last 2 weeks
+review["author"]["playtime_at_review"]   # minutes at time of review
+review["author"]["last_played"]          # Unix timestamp
+```
+### Cursor-based pagination
+```python
+import urllib.parse, json
+from helpers import http_get
+def get_all_reviews(appid, max_pages=5, num_per_page=100, language="all"):
+    """Paginate through reviews using cursor."""
+    cursor = "*"
+    all_reviews = []
+    for _ in range(max_pages):
+        resp = http_get(
+            f"https://store.steampowered.com/appreviews/{appid}"
+            f"?json=1&num_per_page={num_per_page}&language={language}"
+            f"&filter=recent&cursor={urllib.parse.quote(cursor)}"
+        )
+        data = json.loads(resp)
+        batch = data.get("reviews", [])
+        if not batch:
+            break
+        all_reviews.extend(batch)
+        cursor = data.get("cursor", "")
+        if not cursor:
+            break
+    return all_reviews
+```
+---
+## Featured games
+### Featured items (rotating store front)
+```python
+import json
+from helpers import http_get
+data = json.loads(http_get("https://store.steampowered.com/api/featured/"))
+# data["large_capsules"]  -> 1-3 hero banner items
+# data["featured_win"]    -> 10 featured items for Windows
+# data["featured_mac"]    -> macOS featured
+# data["featured_linux"]  -> Linux featured
+# data["status"]          -> 1
+item = data["featured_win"][0]
+# item["id"]                -> appid
+# item["name"]              -> game title
+# item["discounted"]        -> bool
+# item["discount_percent"]  -> 0-100
+# item["original_price"]    -> cents
+# item["final_price"]       -> cents
+# item["currency"]          -> "USD"
+# item["windows_available"] -> bool
+# item["mac_available"]     -> bool
+# item["linux_available"]   -> bool
+# item["large_capsule_image"] -> URL
+# item["small_capsule_image"] -> URL
+# item["header_image"]      -> URL
+# item["controller_support"] -> "full" | "partial" | ""
+```
+### Featured categories (top sellers, specials, new releases, coming soon)
+```python
+data = json.loads(http_get("https://store.steampowered.com/api/featuredcategories/"))
+# Named sections (most useful):
+specials    = data["specials"]["items"]      # 10 on-sale games
+top_sellers = data["top_sellers"]["items"]  # 10 top sellers
+new_releases= data["new_releases"]["items"] # 30 new releases
+coming_soon = data["coming_soon"]["items"]  # 10 upcoming games
+# Numbered keys "0" through "7" are spotlight banners (deals/events)
+item = top_sellers[0]
+# item["id"]                   -> appid
+# item["name"]                 -> game title
+# item["discounted"]           -> bool
+# item["discount_percent"]     -> 0-100
+# item["original_price"]       -> cents (None for upcoming games)
+# item["final_price"]          -> cents (0 for upcoming)
+# item["currency"]             -> "USD"
+# item["discount_expiration"]  -> Unix timestamp (present for active sales)
+# item["windows_available"]    -> bool
+# item["mac_available"]        -> bool
+# item["linux_available"]      -> bool
+# item["header_image"]         -> URL
+```
+---
+## App list (all Steam apps)
+The `ISteamApps/GetAppList` API endpoint (v1, v2, v0001, v0002) currently returns **HTTP 404** from `api.steampowered.com` as of 2026-04-18. The endpoint is effectively retired without a Steamworks API key.
+**Workaround:** Use the featured categories and search APIs to discover appids, then batch-fetch via `appdetails`.
+```python
+# Discover appids from top sellers + new releases
+import json
+from helpers import http_get
+def get_all_store_appids():
+    data = json.loads(http_get("https://store.steampowered.com/api/featuredcategories/"))
+    appids = set()
+    for key in ["specials", "top_sellers", "new_releases", "coming_soon"]:
+        for item in data.get(key, {}).get("items", []):
+            appids.add(item["id"])
+    for key in ["featured_win", "featured_mac", "featured_linux"]:
+        for item in data.get(key, []):
+            appids.add(item["id"])
+    return sorted(appids)
+# Returns ~50 store-front appids (enough to seed further discovery)
+```
+---
+## Rate limits
+Steam's public APIs are generous. Confirmed during testing:
+- **10 sequential requests in 1.59s** — all HTTP 200, no throttling
+- **10 concurrent requests (5 workers) in 0.54s** — all succeeded
+- **No `Retry-After` header** observed at any concurrency level
+Practical limits (undocumented, inferred from community reports):
+- ~200 requests/5 minutes per IP to `appdetails` before soft throttling (returns `success: false`)
+- Review API is more restrictive — keep to ~50 requests/minute
+---
+## Gotchas
+**`success: false` with no data field** — When an appid is invalid, removed, or unreleased, the response is `{"999999": {"success": false}}` with no `data` key. Always check `entry["success"]` before accessing `entry["data"]`.
+```python
+entry = json.loads(resp)[str(appid)]
+if not entry["success"]:
+    return None   # game removed or never existed
+game = entry["data"]
+```
+**Multiple appids in one call — not supported** — `appids=292030,570` returns HTTP 400. The API only accepts a single appid per call. Use `ThreadPoolExecutor` for bulk fetching.
+**`price_overview` is `None` for free games** — When `is_free=True`, the `price_overview` key is absent or `None`. Never index `game["price_overview"]["final"]` without a None check.
+**`initial_formatted` is empty string when not on sale** — When `discount_percent == 0`, `initial_formatted` is `""`. Only `final_formatted` is reliably present and non-empty. Use `final_formatted` for display in all cases.
+**Store page age gate** — `store.steampowered.com/app/{appid}/` redirects mature games to `/agecheck/app/{appid}/`. The `appdetails` API completely bypasses this — no cookies needed. For browser-based scraping of the store page, send `Cookie: birthtime=631152001; lastagecheckage=1-January-1990`.
+**`storesearch` always returns ≤ 10 results** — No pagination. `total` in the response is always 10, not the true result count. For finding specific games, this is sufficient. For catalog browsing, use `appdetails` with known appids.
+**`metascore` is string `"0"` in search results, int `93` in appdetails** — Inconsistent types. In `storesearch` results, `metascore` is a string (e.g. `"93"`, `"0"`). In `appdetails`, `metacritic` is a dict `{"score": 93, "url": "..."}` or absent entirely. Always `int()` the storesearch value.
+**`appdetails` returns `type: "dlc"` for DLC** — Check `game["type"]` before treating every appid as a standalone game. Type values: `"game"`, `"dlc"`, `"demo"`, `"advertising"`, `"mod"`, `"video"`.
+**`ratings` dict uses string booleans** — `use_age_gate` and `required_age` inside `ratings[board]` are strings (`"true"`, `"17"`), not native types. `banned` is also a string `"0"` or `"1"`.
+**`ISteamApps/GetAppList` is dead** — HTTP 404 for v1, v2, v0001, v0002 endpoints as of 2026-04-18. Use store front APIs and search to discover appids instead.
+**`supported_languages` is HTML** — The field contains escaped HTML like `English<strong>*</strong>, French`. Starred languages have full audio. Use `html.unescape()` and strip tags to get a clean list.
+**`release_date.date` is a locale string, not ISO** — Value is `"May 18, 2015"` not `"2015-05-18"`. Parse with `datetime.strptime(d, "%B %d, %Y")` or use regex.
+**Review `purchase_type` changes total counts** — `purchase_type=all` includes reviews from non-Steam purchases (physical, Humble, etc.). `purchase_type=steam` is Steam-only. Witcher 3 example: `all`=802,072 reviews, `steam`=234,385.
+**Currency requires `cc=` param** — Without `cc=`, you get USD by default. Pass `cc=GB` for GBP, `cc=DE` for EUR, etc. Country codes are ISO-3166 (2-letter, uppercase).