@pairling/runtime-darwin-arm64 0.1.0 → 0.2.0

package/python/lib/python3.12/socketserver.py

@@ -0,0 +1,863 @@
+"""Generic socket server classes.
+
+This module tries to capture the various aspects of defining a server:
+
+For socket-based servers:
+
+- address family:
+        - AF_INET{,6}: IP (Internet Protocol) sockets (default)
+        - AF_UNIX: Unix domain sockets
+        - others, e.g. AF_DECNET are conceivable (see <socket.h>
+- socket type:
+        - SOCK_STREAM (reliable stream, e.g. TCP)
+        - SOCK_DGRAM (datagrams, e.g. UDP)
+
+For request-based servers (including socket-based):
+
+- client address verification before further looking at the request
+        (This is actually a hook for any processing that needs to look
+         at the request before anything else, e.g. logging)
+- how to handle multiple requests:
+        - synchronous (one request is handled at a time)
+        - forking (each request is handled by a new process)
+        - threading (each request is handled by a new thread)
+
+The classes in this module favor the server type that is simplest to
+write: a synchronous TCP/IP server.  This is bad class design, but
+saves some typing.  (There's also the issue that a deep class hierarchy
+slows down method lookups.)
+
+There are five classes in an inheritance diagram, four of which represent
+synchronous servers of four types:
+
+        +------------+
+        | BaseServer |
+        +------------+
+              |
+              v
+        +-----------+        +------------------+
+        | TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer |
+        +-----------+        +------------------+
+              |
+              v
+        +-----------+        +--------------------+
+        | UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer |
+        +-----------+        +--------------------+
+
+Note that UnixDatagramServer derives from UDPServer, not from
+UnixStreamServer -- the only difference between an IP and a Unix
+stream server is the address family, which is simply repeated in both
+unix server classes.
+
+Forking and threading versions of each type of server can be created
+using the ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn mix-in classes.  For
+instance, a threading UDP server class is created as follows:
+
+        class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
+
+The Mix-in class must come first, since it overrides a method defined
+in UDPServer! Setting the various member variables also changes
+the behavior of the underlying server mechanism.
+
+To implement a service, you must derive a class from
+BaseRequestHandler and redefine its handle() method.  You can then run
+various versions of the service by combining one of the server classes
+with your request handler class.
+
+The request handler class must be different for datagram or stream
+services.  This can be hidden by using the request handler
+subclasses StreamRequestHandler or DatagramRequestHandler.
+
+Of course, you still have to use your head!
+
+For instance, it makes no sense to use a forking server if the service
+contains state in memory that can be modified by requests (since the
+modifications in the child process would never reach the initial state
+kept in the parent process and passed to each child).  In this case,
+you can use a threading server, but you will probably have to use
+locks to avoid two requests that come in nearly simultaneous to apply
+conflicting changes to the server state.
+
+On the other hand, if you are building e.g. an HTTP server, where all
+data is stored externally (e.g. in the file system), a synchronous
+class will essentially render the service "deaf" while one request is
+being handled -- which may be for a very long time if a client is slow
+to read all the data it has requested.  Here a threading or forking
+server is appropriate.
+
+In some cases, it may be appropriate to process part of a request
+synchronously, but to finish processing in a forked child depending on
+the request data.  This can be implemented by using a synchronous
+server and doing an explicit fork in the request handler class
+handle() method.
+
+Another approach to handling multiple simultaneous requests in an
+environment that supports neither threads nor fork (or where these are
+too expensive or inappropriate for the service) is to maintain an
+explicit table of partially finished requests and to use a selector to
+decide which request to work on next (or whether to handle a new
+incoming request).  This is particularly important for stream services
+where each client can potentially be connected for a long time (if
+threads or subprocesses cannot be used).
+
+Future work:
+- Standard classes for Sun RPC (which uses either UDP or TCP)
+- Standard mix-in classes to implement various authentication
+  and encryption schemes
+
+XXX Open problems:
+- What to do with out-of-band data?
+
+BaseServer:
+- split generic "request" functionality out into BaseServer class.
+  Copyright (C) 2000  Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton <lkcl@samba.org>
+
+  example: read entries from a SQL database (requires overriding
+  get_request() to return a table entry from the database).
+  entry is processed by a RequestHandlerClass.
+
+"""
+
+# Author of the BaseServer patch: Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton
+
+__version__ = "0.4"
+
+
+import socket
+import selectors
+import os
+import sys
+import threading
+from io import BufferedIOBase
+from time import monotonic as time
+
+__all__ = ["BaseServer", "TCPServer", "UDPServer",
+           "ThreadingUDPServer", "ThreadingTCPServer",
+           "BaseRequestHandler", "StreamRequestHandler",
+           "DatagramRequestHandler", "ThreadingMixIn"]
+if hasattr(os, "fork"):
+    __all__.extend(["ForkingUDPServer","ForkingTCPServer", "ForkingMixIn"])
+if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"):
+    __all__.extend(["UnixStreamServer","UnixDatagramServer",
+                    "ThreadingUnixStreamServer",
+                    "ThreadingUnixDatagramServer"])
+    if hasattr(os, "fork"):
+        __all__.extend(["ForkingUnixStreamServer", "ForkingUnixDatagramServer"])
+
+# poll/select have the advantage of not requiring any extra file descriptor,
+# contrarily to epoll/kqueue (also, they require a single syscall).
+if hasattr(selectors, 'PollSelector'):
+    _ServerSelector = selectors.PollSelector
+else:
+    _ServerSelector = selectors.SelectSelector
+
+
+class BaseServer:
+
+    """Base class for server classes.
+
+    Methods for the caller:
+
+    - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
+    - serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)
+    - shutdown()
+    - handle_request()  # if you do not use serve_forever()
+    - fileno() -> int   # for selector
+
+    Methods that may be overridden:
+
+    - server_bind()
+    - server_activate()
+    - get_request() -> request, client_address
+    - handle_timeout()
+    - verify_request(request, client_address)
+    - server_close()
+    - process_request(request, client_address)
+    - shutdown_request(request)
+    - close_request(request)
+    - service_actions()
+    - handle_error()
+
+    Methods for derived classes:
+
+    - finish_request(request, client_address)
+
+    Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or
+    instances:
+
+    - timeout
+    - address_family
+    - socket_type
+    - allow_reuse_address
+    - allow_reuse_port
+
+    Instance variables:
+
+    - RequestHandlerClass
+    - socket
+
+    """
+
+    timeout = None
+
+    def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
+        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
+        self.server_address = server_address
+        self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass
+        self.__is_shut_down = threading.Event()
+        self.__shutdown_request = False
+
+    def server_activate(self):
+        """Called by constructor to activate the server.
+
+        May be overridden.
+
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def serve_forever(self, poll_interval=0.5):
+        """Handle one request at a time until shutdown.
+
+        Polls for shutdown every poll_interval seconds. Ignores
+        self.timeout. If you need to do periodic tasks, do them in
+        another thread.
+        """
+        self.__is_shut_down.clear()
+        try:
+            # XXX: Consider using another file descriptor or connecting to the
+            # socket to wake this up instead of polling. Polling reduces our
+            # responsiveness to a shutdown request and wastes cpu at all other
+            # times.
+            with _ServerSelector() as selector:
+                selector.register(self, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+
+                while not self.__shutdown_request:
+                    ready = selector.select(poll_interval)
+                    # bpo-35017: shutdown() called during select(), exit immediately.
+                    if self.__shutdown_request:
+                        break
+                    if ready:
+                        self._handle_request_noblock()
+
+                    self.service_actions()
+        finally:
+            self.__shutdown_request = False
+            self.__is_shut_down.set()
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        """Stops the serve_forever loop.
+
+        Blocks until the loop has finished. This must be called while
+        serve_forever() is running in another thread, or it will
+        deadlock.
+        """
+        self.__shutdown_request = True
+        self.__is_shut_down.wait()
+
+    def service_actions(self):
+        """Called by the serve_forever() loop.
+
+        May be overridden by a subclass / Mixin to implement any code that
+        needs to be run during the loop.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    # The distinction between handling, getting, processing and finishing a
+    # request is fairly arbitrary.  Remember:
+    #
+    # - handle_request() is the top-level call.  It calls selector.select(),
+    #   get_request(), verify_request() and process_request()
+    # - get_request() is different for stream or datagram sockets
+    # - process_request() is the place that may fork a new process or create a
+    #   new thread to finish the request
+    # - finish_request() instantiates the request handler class; this
+    #   constructor will handle the request all by itself
+
+    def handle_request(self):
+        """Handle one request, possibly blocking.
+
+        Respects self.timeout.
+        """
+        # Support people who used socket.settimeout() to escape
+        # handle_request before self.timeout was available.
+        timeout = self.socket.gettimeout()
+        if timeout is None:
+            timeout = self.timeout
+        elif self.timeout is not None:
+            timeout = min(timeout, self.timeout)
+        if timeout is not None:
+            deadline = time() + timeout
+
+        # Wait until a request arrives or the timeout expires - the loop is
+        # necessary to accommodate early wakeups due to EINTR.
+        with _ServerSelector() as selector:
+            selector.register(self, selectors.EVENT_READ)
+
+            while True:
+                if selector.select(timeout):
+                    return self._handle_request_noblock()
+                else:
+                    if timeout is not None:
+                        timeout = deadline - time()
+                        if timeout < 0:
+                            return self.handle_timeout()
+
+    def _handle_request_noblock(self):
+        """Handle one request, without blocking.
+
+        I assume that selector.select() has returned that the socket is
+        readable before this function was called, so there should be no risk of
+        blocking in get_request().
+        """
+        try:
+            request, client_address = self.get_request()
+        except OSError:
+            return
+        if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
+            try:
+                self.process_request(request, client_address)
+            except Exception:
+                self.handle_error(request, client_address)
+                self.shutdown_request(request)
+            except:
+                self.shutdown_request(request)
+                raise
+        else:
+            self.shutdown_request(request)
+
+    def handle_timeout(self):
+        """Called if no new request arrives within self.timeout.
+
+        Overridden by ForkingMixIn.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def verify_request(self, request, client_address):
+        """Verify the request.  May be overridden.
+
+        Return True if we should proceed with this request.
+
+        """
+        return True
+
+    def process_request(self, request, client_address):
+        """Call finish_request.
+
+        Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn.
+
+        """
+        self.finish_request(request, client_address)
+        self.shutdown_request(request)
+
+    def server_close(self):
+        """Called to clean-up the server.
+
+        May be overridden.
+
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def finish_request(self, request, client_address):
+        """Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass."""
+        self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)
+
+    def shutdown_request(self, request):
+        """Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""
+        self.close_request(request)
+
+    def close_request(self, request):
+        """Called to clean up an individual request."""
+        pass
+
+    def handle_error(self, request, client_address):
+        """Handle an error gracefully.  May be overridden.
+
+        The default is to print a traceback and continue.
+
+        """
+        print('-'*40, file=sys.stderr)
+        print('Exception occurred during processing of request from',
+            client_address, file=sys.stderr)
+        import traceback
+        traceback.print_exc()
+        print('-'*40, file=sys.stderr)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        self.server_close()
+
+
+class TCPServer(BaseServer):
+
+    """Base class for various socket-based server classes.
+
+    Defaults to synchronous IP stream (i.e., TCP).
+
+    Methods for the caller:
+
+    - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True)
+    - serve_forever(poll_interval=0.5)
+    - shutdown()
+    - handle_request()  # if you don't use serve_forever()
+    - fileno() -> int   # for selector
+
+    Methods that may be overridden:
+
+    - server_bind()
+    - server_activate()
+    - get_request() -> request, client_address
+    - handle_timeout()
+    - verify_request(request, client_address)
+    - process_request(request, client_address)
+    - shutdown_request(request)
+    - close_request(request)
+    - handle_error()
+
+    Methods for derived classes:
+
+    - finish_request(request, client_address)
+
+    Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or
+    instances:
+
+    - timeout
+    - address_family
+    - socket_type
+    - request_queue_size (only for stream sockets)
+    - allow_reuse_address
+    - allow_reuse_port
+
+    Instance variables:
+
+    - server_address
+    - RequestHandlerClass
+    - socket
+
+    """
+
+    address_family = socket.AF_INET
+
+    socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
+
+    request_queue_size = 5
+
+    allow_reuse_address = False
+
+    allow_reuse_port = False
+
+    def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True):
+        """Constructor.  May be extended, do not override."""
+        BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
+        self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
+                                    self.socket_type)
+        if bind_and_activate:
+            try:
+                self.server_bind()
+                self.server_activate()
+            except:
+                self.server_close()
+                raise
+
+    def server_bind(self):
+        """Called by constructor to bind the socket.
+
+        May be overridden.
+
+        """
+        if self.allow_reuse_address and hasattr(socket, "SO_REUSEADDR"):
+            self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+        # Since Linux 6.12.9, SO_REUSEPORT is not allowed
+        # on other address families than AF_INET/AF_INET6.
+        if (
+            self.allow_reuse_port and hasattr(socket, "SO_REUSEPORT")
+            and self.address_family in (socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6)
+        ):
+            self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, 1)
+        self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
+        self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()
+
+    def server_activate(self):
+        """Called by constructor to activate the server.
+
+        May be overridden.
+
+        """
+        self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)
+
+    def server_close(self):
+        """Called to clean-up the server.
+
+        May be overridden.
+
+        """
+        self.socket.close()
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        """Return socket file number.
+
+        Interface required by selector.
+
+        """
+        return self.socket.fileno()
+
+    def get_request(self):
+        """Get the request and client address from the socket.
+
+        May be overridden.
+
+        """
+        return self.socket.accept()
+
+    def shutdown_request(self, request):
+        """Called to shutdown and close an individual request."""
+        try:
+            #explicitly shutdown.  socket.close() merely releases
+            #the socket and waits for GC to perform the actual close.
+            request.shutdown(socket.SHUT_WR)
+        except OSError:
+            pass #some platforms may raise ENOTCONN here
+        self.close_request(request)
+
+    def close_request(self, request):
+        """Called to clean up an individual request."""
+        request.close()
+
+
+class UDPServer(TCPServer):
+
+    """UDP server class."""
+
+    allow_reuse_address = False
+
+    allow_reuse_port = False
+
+    socket_type = socket.SOCK_DGRAM
+
+    max_packet_size = 8192
+
+    def get_request(self):
+        data, client_addr = self.socket.recvfrom(self.max_packet_size)
+        return (data, self.socket), client_addr
+
+    def server_activate(self):
+        # No need to call listen() for UDP.
+        pass
+
+    def shutdown_request(self, request):
+        # No need to shutdown anything.
+        self.close_request(request)
+
+    def close_request(self, request):
+        # No need to close anything.
+        pass
+
+if hasattr(os, "fork"):
+    class ForkingMixIn:
+        """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new process."""
+
+        timeout = 300
+        active_children = None
+        max_children = 40
+        # If true, server_close() waits until all child processes complete.
+        block_on_close = True
+
+        def collect_children(self, *, blocking=False):
+            """Internal routine to wait for children that have exited."""
+            if self.active_children is None:
+                return
+
+            # If we're above the max number of children, wait and reap them until
+            # we go back below threshold. Note that we use waitpid(-1) below to be
+            # able to collect children in size(<defunct children>) syscalls instead
+            # of size(<children>): the downside is that this might reap children
+            # which we didn't spawn, which is why we only resort to this when we're
+            # above max_children.
+            while len(self.active_children) >= self.max_children:
+                try:
+                    pid, _ = os.waitpid(-1, 0)
+                    self.active_children.discard(pid)
+                except ChildProcessError:
+                    # we don't have any children, we're done
+                    self.active_children.clear()
+                except OSError:
+                    break
+
+            # Now reap all defunct children.
+            for pid in self.active_children.copy():
+                try:
+                    flags = 0 if blocking else os.WNOHANG
+                    pid, _ = os.waitpid(pid, flags)
+                    # if the child hasn't exited yet, pid will be 0 and ignored by
+                    # discard() below
+                    self.active_children.discard(pid)
+                except ChildProcessError:
+                    # someone else reaped it
+                    self.active_children.discard(pid)
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+
+        def handle_timeout(self):
+            """Wait for zombies after self.timeout seconds of inactivity.
+
+            May be extended, do not override.
+            """
+            self.collect_children()
+
+        def service_actions(self):
+            """Collect the zombie child processes regularly in the ForkingMixIn.
+
+            service_actions is called in the BaseServer's serve_forever loop.
+            """
+            self.collect_children()
+
+        def process_request(self, request, client_address):
+            """Fork a new subprocess to process the request."""
+            pid = os.fork()
+            if pid:
+                # Parent process
+                if self.active_children is None:
+                    self.active_children = set()
+                self.active_children.add(pid)
+                self.close_request(request)
+                return
+            else:
+                # Child process.
+                # This must never return, hence os._exit()!
+                status = 1
+                try:
+                    self.finish_request(request, client_address)
+                    status = 0
+                except Exception:
+                    self.handle_error(request, client_address)
+                finally:
+                    try:
+                        self.shutdown_request(request)
+                    finally:
+                        os._exit(status)
+
+        def server_close(self):
+            super().server_close()
+            self.collect_children(blocking=self.block_on_close)
+
+
+class _Threads(list):
+    """
+    Joinable list of all non-daemon threads.
+    """
+    def append(self, thread):
+        self.reap()
+        if thread.daemon:
+            return
+        super().append(thread)
+
+    def pop_all(self):
+        self[:], result = [], self[:]
+        return result
+
+    def join(self):
+        for thread in self.pop_all():
+            thread.join()
+
+    def reap(self):
+        self[:] = (thread for thread in self if thread.is_alive())
+
+
+class _NoThreads:
+    """
+    Degenerate version of _Threads.
+    """
+    def append(self, thread):
+        pass
+
+    def join(self):
+        pass
+
+
+class ThreadingMixIn:
+    """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new thread."""
+
+    # Decides how threads will act upon termination of the
+    # main process
+    daemon_threads = False
+    # If true, server_close() waits until all non-daemonic threads terminate.
+    block_on_close = True
+    # Threads object
+    # used by server_close() to wait for all threads completion.
+    _threads = _NoThreads()
+
+    def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address):
+        """Same as in BaseServer but as a thread.
+
+        In addition, exception handling is done here.
+
+        """
+        try:
+            self.finish_request(request, client_address)
+        except Exception:
+            self.handle_error(request, client_address)
+        finally:
+            self.shutdown_request(request)
+
+    def process_request(self, request, client_address):
+        """Start a new thread to process the request."""
+        if self.block_on_close:
+            vars(self).setdefault('_threads', _Threads())
+        t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread,
+                             args = (request, client_address))
+        t.daemon = self.daemon_threads
+        self._threads.append(t)
+        t.start()
+
+    def server_close(self):
+        super().server_close()
+        self._threads.join()
+
+
+if hasattr(os, "fork"):
+    class ForkingUDPServer(ForkingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
+    class ForkingTCPServer(ForkingMixIn, TCPServer): pass
+
+class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
+class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, TCPServer): pass
+
+if hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'):
+
+    class UnixStreamServer(TCPServer):
+        address_family = socket.AF_UNIX
+
+    class UnixDatagramServer(UDPServer):
+        address_family = socket.AF_UNIX
+
+    class ThreadingUnixStreamServer(ThreadingMixIn, UnixStreamServer): pass
+
+    class ThreadingUnixDatagramServer(ThreadingMixIn, UnixDatagramServer): pass
+
+    if hasattr(os, "fork"):
+        class ForkingUnixStreamServer(ForkingMixIn, UnixStreamServer): pass
+
+        class ForkingUnixDatagramServer(ForkingMixIn, UnixDatagramServer): pass
+
+class BaseRequestHandler:
+
+    """Base class for request handler classes.
+
+    This class is instantiated for each request to be handled.  The
+    constructor sets the instance variables request, client_address
+    and server, and then calls the handle() method.  To implement a
+    specific service, all you need to do is to derive a class which
+    defines a handle() method.
+
+    The handle() method can find the request as self.request, the
+    client address as self.client_address, and the server (in case it
+    needs access to per-server information) as self.server.  Since a
+    separate instance is created for each request, the handle() method
+    can define other arbitrary instance variables.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):
+        self.request = request
+        self.client_address = client_address
+        self.server = server
+        self.setup()
+        try:
+            self.handle()
+        finally:
+            self.finish()
+
+    def setup(self):
+        pass
+
+    def handle(self):
+        pass
+
+    def finish(self):
+        pass
+
+
+# The following two classes make it possible to use the same service
+# class for stream or datagram servers.
+# Each class sets up these instance variables:
+# - rfile: a file object from which receives the request is read
+# - wfile: a file object to which the reply is written
+# When the handle() method returns, wfile is flushed properly
+
+
+class StreamRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
+
+    """Define self.rfile and self.wfile for stream sockets."""
+
+    # Default buffer sizes for rfile, wfile.
+    # We default rfile to buffered because otherwise it could be
+    # really slow for large data (a getc() call per byte); we make
+    # wfile unbuffered because (a) often after a write() we want to
+    # read and we need to flush the line; (b) big writes to unbuffered
+    # files are typically optimized by stdio even when big reads
+    # aren't.
+    rbufsize = -1
+    wbufsize = 0
+
+    # A timeout to apply to the request socket, if not None.
+    timeout = None
+
+    # Disable nagle algorithm for this socket, if True.
+    # Use only when wbufsize != 0, to avoid small packets.
+    disable_nagle_algorithm = False
+
+    def setup(self):
+        self.connection = self.request
+        if self.timeout is not None:
+            self.connection.settimeout(self.timeout)
+        if self.disable_nagle_algorithm:
+            self.connection.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP,
+                                       socket.TCP_NODELAY, True)
+        self.rfile = self.connection.makefile('rb', self.rbufsize)
+        if self.wbufsize == 0:
+            self.wfile = _SocketWriter(self.connection)
+        else:
+            self.wfile = self.connection.makefile('wb', self.wbufsize)
+
+    def finish(self):
+        if not self.wfile.closed:
+            try:
+                self.wfile.flush()
+            except socket.error:
+                # A final socket error may have occurred here, such as
+                # the local error ECONNABORTED.
+                pass
+        self.wfile.close()
+        self.rfile.close()
+
+class _SocketWriter(BufferedIOBase):
+    """Simple writable BufferedIOBase implementation for a socket
+
+    Does not hold data in a buffer, avoiding any need to call flush()."""
+
+    def __init__(self, sock):
+        self._sock = sock
+
+    def writable(self):
+        return True
+
+    def write(self, b):
+        self._sock.sendall(b)
+        with memoryview(b) as view:
+            return view.nbytes
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self._sock.fileno()
+
+class DatagramRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
+
+    """Define self.rfile and self.wfile for datagram sockets."""
+
+    def setup(self):
+        from io import BytesIO
+        self.packet, self.socket = self.request
+        self.rfile = BytesIO(self.packet)
+        self.wfile = BytesIO()
+
+    def finish(self):
+        self.socket.sendto(self.wfile.getvalue(), self.client_address)