@pairling/runtime-darwin-arm64 0.1.0 → 0.2.0

package/python/lib/python3.12/multiprocessing/managers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1387 @@
+#
+# Module providing manager classes for dealing
+# with shared objects
+#
+# multiprocessing/managers.py
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2008, R Oudkerk
+# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
+#
+
+__all__ = [ 'BaseManager', 'SyncManager', 'BaseProxy', 'Token' ]
+
+#
+# Imports
+#
+
+import sys
+import threading
+import signal
+import array
+import queue
+import time
+import types
+import os
+from os import getpid
+
+from traceback import format_exc
+
+from . import connection
+from .context import reduction, get_spawning_popen, ProcessError
+from . import pool
+from . import process
+from . import util
+from . import get_context
+try:
+    from . import shared_memory
+except ImportError:
+    HAS_SHMEM = False
+else:
+    HAS_SHMEM = True
+    __all__.append('SharedMemoryManager')
+
+#
+# Register some things for pickling
+#
+
+def reduce_array(a):
+    return array.array, (a.typecode, a.tobytes())
+reduction.register(array.array, reduce_array)
+
+view_types = [type(getattr({}, name)()) for name in ('items','keys','values')]
+def rebuild_as_list(obj):
+    return list, (list(obj),)
+for view_type in view_types:
+    reduction.register(view_type, rebuild_as_list)
+del view_type, view_types
+
+#
+# Type for identifying shared objects
+#
+
+class Token(object):
+    '''
+    Type to uniquely identify a shared object
+    '''
+    __slots__ = ('typeid', 'address', 'id')
+
+    def __init__(self, typeid, address, id):
+        (self.typeid, self.address, self.id) = (typeid, address, id)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return (self.typeid, self.address, self.id)
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        (self.typeid, self.address, self.id) = state
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '%s(typeid=%r, address=%r, id=%r)' % \
+               (self.__class__.__name__, self.typeid, self.address, self.id)
+
+#
+# Function for communication with a manager's server process
+#
+
+def dispatch(c, id, methodname, args=(), kwds={}):
+    '''
+    Send a message to manager using connection `c` and return response
+    '''
+    c.send((id, methodname, args, kwds))
+    kind, result = c.recv()
+    if kind == '#RETURN':
+        return result
+    raise convert_to_error(kind, result)
+
+def convert_to_error(kind, result):
+    if kind == '#ERROR':
+        return result
+    elif kind in ('#TRACEBACK', '#UNSERIALIZABLE'):
+        if not isinstance(result, str):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Result {0!r} (kind '{1}') type is {2}, not str".format(
+                    result, kind, type(result)))
+        if kind == '#UNSERIALIZABLE':
+            return RemoteError('Unserializable message: %s\n' % result)
+        else:
+            return RemoteError(result)
+    else:
+        return ValueError('Unrecognized message type {!r}'.format(kind))
+
+class RemoteError(Exception):
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ('\n' + '-'*75 + '\n' + str(self.args[0]) + '-'*75)
+
+#
+# Functions for finding the method names of an object
+#
+
+def all_methods(obj):
+    '''
+    Return a list of names of methods of `obj`
+    '''
+    temp = []
+    for name in dir(obj):
+        func = getattr(obj, name)
+        if callable(func):
+            temp.append(name)
+    return temp
+
+def public_methods(obj):
+    '''
+    Return a list of names of methods of `obj` which do not start with '_'
+    '''
+    return [name for name in all_methods(obj) if name[0] != '_']
+
+#
+# Server which is run in a process controlled by a manager
+#
+
+class Server(object):
+    '''
+    Server class which runs in a process controlled by a manager object
+    '''
+    public = ['shutdown', 'create', 'accept_connection', 'get_methods',
+              'debug_info', 'number_of_objects', 'dummy', 'incref', 'decref']
+
+    def __init__(self, registry, address, authkey, serializer):
+        if not isinstance(authkey, bytes):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Authkey {0!r} is type {1!s}, not bytes".format(
+                    authkey, type(authkey)))
+        self.registry = registry
+        self.authkey = process.AuthenticationString(authkey)
+        Listener, Client = listener_client[serializer]
+
+        # do authentication later
+        self.listener = Listener(address=address, backlog=128)
+        self.address = self.listener.address
+
+        self.id_to_obj = {'0': (None, ())}
+        self.id_to_refcount = {}
+        self.id_to_local_proxy_obj = {}
+        self.mutex = threading.Lock()
+
+    def serve_forever(self):
+        '''
+        Run the server forever
+        '''
+        self.stop_event = threading.Event()
+        process.current_process()._manager_server = self
+        try:
+            accepter = threading.Thread(target=self.accepter)
+            accepter.daemon = True
+            accepter.start()
+            try:
+                while not self.stop_event.is_set():
+                    self.stop_event.wait(1)
+            except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
+                pass
+        finally:
+            if sys.stdout != sys.__stdout__: # what about stderr?
+                util.debug('resetting stdout, stderr')
+                sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
+                sys.stderr = sys.__stderr__
+            sys.exit(0)
+
+    def accepter(self):
+        while True:
+            try:
+                c = self.listener.accept()
+            except OSError:
+                continue
+            t = threading.Thread(target=self.handle_request, args=(c,))
+            t.daemon = True
+            t.start()
+
+    def _handle_request(self, c):
+        request = None
+        try:
+            connection.deliver_challenge(c, self.authkey)
+            connection.answer_challenge(c, self.authkey)
+            request = c.recv()
+            ignore, funcname, args, kwds = request
+            assert funcname in self.public, '%r unrecognized' % funcname
+            func = getattr(self, funcname)
+        except Exception:
+            msg = ('#TRACEBACK', format_exc())
+        else:
+            try:
+                result = func(c, *args, **kwds)
+            except Exception:
+                msg = ('#TRACEBACK', format_exc())
+            else:
+                msg = ('#RETURN', result)
+
+        try:
+            c.send(msg)
+        except Exception as e:
+            try:
+                c.send(('#TRACEBACK', format_exc()))
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+            util.info('Failure to send message: %r', msg)
+            util.info(' ... request was %r', request)
+            util.info(' ... exception was %r', e)
+
+    def handle_request(self, conn):
+        '''
+        Handle a new connection
+        '''
+        try:
+            self._handle_request(conn)
+        except SystemExit:
+            # Server.serve_client() calls sys.exit(0) on EOF
+            pass
+        finally:
+            conn.close()
+
+    def serve_client(self, conn):
+        '''
+        Handle requests from the proxies in a particular process/thread
+        '''
+        util.debug('starting server thread to service %r',
+                   threading.current_thread().name)
+
+        recv = conn.recv
+        send = conn.send
+        id_to_obj = self.id_to_obj
+
+        while not self.stop_event.is_set():
+
+            try:
+                methodname = obj = None
+                request = recv()
+                ident, methodname, args, kwds = request
+                try:
+                    obj, exposed, gettypeid = id_to_obj[ident]
+                except KeyError as ke:
+                    try:
+                        obj, exposed, gettypeid = \
+                            self.id_to_local_proxy_obj[ident]
+                    except KeyError:
+                        raise ke
+
+                if methodname not in exposed:
+                    raise AttributeError(
+                        'method %r of %r object is not in exposed=%r' %
+                        (methodname, type(obj), exposed)
+                        )
+
+                function = getattr(obj, methodname)
+
+                try:
+                    res = function(*args, **kwds)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    msg = ('#ERROR', e)
+                else:
+                    typeid = gettypeid and gettypeid.get(methodname, None)
+                    if typeid:
+                        rident, rexposed = self.create(conn, typeid, res)
+                        token = Token(typeid, self.address, rident)
+                        msg = ('#PROXY', (rexposed, token))
+                    else:
+                        msg = ('#RETURN', res)
+
+            except AttributeError:
+                if methodname is None:
+                    msg = ('#TRACEBACK', format_exc())
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        fallback_func = self.fallback_mapping[methodname]
+                        result = fallback_func(
+                            self, conn, ident, obj, *args, **kwds
+                            )
+                        msg = ('#RETURN', result)
+                    except Exception:
+                        msg = ('#TRACEBACK', format_exc())
+
+            except EOFError:
+                util.debug('got EOF -- exiting thread serving %r',
+                           threading.current_thread().name)
+                sys.exit(0)
+
+            except Exception:
+                msg = ('#TRACEBACK', format_exc())
+
+            try:
+                try:
+                    send(msg)
+                except Exception:
+                    send(('#UNSERIALIZABLE', format_exc()))
+            except Exception as e:
+                util.info('exception in thread serving %r',
+                        threading.current_thread().name)
+                util.info(' ... message was %r', msg)
+                util.info(' ... exception was %r', e)
+                conn.close()
+                sys.exit(1)
+
+    def fallback_getvalue(self, conn, ident, obj):
+        return obj
+
+    def fallback_str(self, conn, ident, obj):
+        return str(obj)
+
+    def fallback_repr(self, conn, ident, obj):
+        return repr(obj)
+
+    fallback_mapping = {
+        '__str__':fallback_str,
+        '__repr__':fallback_repr,
+        '#GETVALUE':fallback_getvalue
+        }
+
+    def dummy(self, c):
+        pass
+
+    def debug_info(self, c):
+        '''
+        Return some info --- useful to spot problems with refcounting
+        '''
+        # Perhaps include debug info about 'c'?
+        with self.mutex:
+            result = []
+            keys = list(self.id_to_refcount.keys())
+            keys.sort()
+            for ident in keys:
+                if ident != '0':
+                    result.append('  %s:       refcount=%s\n    %s' %
+                                  (ident, self.id_to_refcount[ident],
+                                   str(self.id_to_obj[ident][0])[:75]))
+            return '\n'.join(result)
+
+    def number_of_objects(self, c):
+        '''
+        Number of shared objects
+        '''
+        # Doesn't use (len(self.id_to_obj) - 1) as we shouldn't count ident='0'
+        return len(self.id_to_refcount)
+
+    def shutdown(self, c):
+        '''
+        Shutdown this process
+        '''
+        try:
+            util.debug('manager received shutdown message')
+            c.send(('#RETURN', None))
+        except:
+            import traceback
+            traceback.print_exc()
+        finally:
+            self.stop_event.set()
+
+    def create(self, c, typeid, /, *args, **kwds):
+        '''
+        Create a new shared object and return its id
+        '''
+        with self.mutex:
+            callable, exposed, method_to_typeid, proxytype = \
+                      self.registry[typeid]
+
+            if callable is None:
+                if kwds or (len(args) != 1):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Without callable, must have one non-keyword argument")
+                obj = args[0]
+            else:
+                obj = callable(*args, **kwds)
+
+            if exposed is None:
+                exposed = public_methods(obj)
+            if method_to_typeid is not None:
+                if not isinstance(method_to_typeid, dict):
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "Method_to_typeid {0!r}: type {1!s}, not dict".format(
+                            method_to_typeid, type(method_to_typeid)))
+                exposed = list(exposed) + list(method_to_typeid)
+
+            ident = '%x' % id(obj)  # convert to string because xmlrpclib
+                                    # only has 32 bit signed integers
+            util.debug('%r callable returned object with id %r', typeid, ident)
+
+            self.id_to_obj[ident] = (obj, set(exposed), method_to_typeid)
+            if ident not in self.id_to_refcount:
+                self.id_to_refcount[ident] = 0
+
+        self.incref(c, ident)
+        return ident, tuple(exposed)
+
+    def get_methods(self, c, token):
+        '''
+        Return the methods of the shared object indicated by token
+        '''
+        return tuple(self.id_to_obj[token.id][1])
+
+    def accept_connection(self, c, name):
+        '''
+        Spawn a new thread to serve this connection
+        '''
+        threading.current_thread().name = name
+        c.send(('#RETURN', None))
+        self.serve_client(c)
+
+    def incref(self, c, ident):
+        with self.mutex:
+            try:
+                self.id_to_refcount[ident] += 1
+            except KeyError as ke:
+                # If no external references exist but an internal (to the
+                # manager) still does and a new external reference is created
+                # from it, restore the manager's tracking of it from the
+                # previously stashed internal ref.
+                if ident in self.id_to_local_proxy_obj:
+                    self.id_to_refcount[ident] = 1
+                    self.id_to_obj[ident] = \
+                        self.id_to_local_proxy_obj[ident]
+                    util.debug('Server re-enabled tracking & INCREF %r', ident)
+                else:
+                    raise ke
+
+    def decref(self, c, ident):
+        if ident not in self.id_to_refcount and \
+            ident in self.id_to_local_proxy_obj:
+            util.debug('Server DECREF skipping %r', ident)
+            return
+
+        with self.mutex:
+            if self.id_to_refcount[ident] <= 0:
+                raise AssertionError(
+                    "Id {0!s} ({1!r}) has refcount {2:n}, not 1+".format(
+                        ident, self.id_to_obj[ident],
+                        self.id_to_refcount[ident]))
+            self.id_to_refcount[ident] -= 1
+            if self.id_to_refcount[ident] == 0:
+                del self.id_to_refcount[ident]
+
+        if ident not in self.id_to_refcount:
+            # Two-step process in case the object turns out to contain other
+            # proxy objects (e.g. a managed list of managed lists).
+            # Otherwise, deleting self.id_to_obj[ident] would trigger the
+            # deleting of the stored value (another managed object) which would
+            # in turn attempt to acquire the mutex that is already held here.
+            self.id_to_obj[ident] = (None, (), None)  # thread-safe
+            util.debug('disposing of obj with id %r', ident)
+            with self.mutex:
+                del self.id_to_obj[ident]
+
+
+#
+# Class to represent state of a manager
+#
+
+class State(object):
+    __slots__ = ['value']
+    INITIAL = 0
+    STARTED = 1
+    SHUTDOWN = 2
+
+#
+# Mapping from serializer name to Listener and Client types
+#
+
+listener_client = {
+    'pickle' : (connection.Listener, connection.Client),
+    'xmlrpclib' : (connection.XmlListener, connection.XmlClient)
+    }
+
+#
+# Definition of BaseManager
+#
+
+class BaseManager(object):
+    '''
+    Base class for managers
+    '''
+    _registry = {}
+    _Server = Server
+
+    def __init__(self, address=None, authkey=None, serializer='pickle',
+                 ctx=None, *, shutdown_timeout=1.0):
+        if authkey is None:
+            authkey = process.current_process().authkey
+        self._address = address     # XXX not final address if eg ('', 0)
+        self._authkey = process.AuthenticationString(authkey)
+        self._state = State()
+        self._state.value = State.INITIAL
+        self._serializer = serializer
+        self._Listener, self._Client = listener_client[serializer]
+        self._ctx = ctx or get_context()
+        self._shutdown_timeout = shutdown_timeout
+
+    def get_server(self):
+        '''
+        Return server object with serve_forever() method and address attribute
+        '''
+        if self._state.value != State.INITIAL:
+            if self._state.value == State.STARTED:
+                raise ProcessError("Already started server")
+            elif self._state.value == State.SHUTDOWN:
+                raise ProcessError("Manager has shut down")
+            else:
+                raise ProcessError(
+                    "Unknown state {!r}".format(self._state.value))
+        return Server(self._registry, self._address,
+                      self._authkey, self._serializer)
+
+    def connect(self):
+        '''
+        Connect manager object to the server process
+        '''
+        Listener, Client = listener_client[self._serializer]
+        conn = Client(self._address, authkey=self._authkey)
+        dispatch(conn, None, 'dummy')
+        self._state.value = State.STARTED
+
+    def start(self, initializer=None, initargs=()):
+        '''
+        Spawn a server process for this manager object
+        '''
+        if self._state.value != State.INITIAL:
+            if self._state.value == State.STARTED:
+                raise ProcessError("Already started server")
+            elif self._state.value == State.SHUTDOWN:
+                raise ProcessError("Manager has shut down")
+            else:
+                raise ProcessError(
+                    "Unknown state {!r}".format(self._state.value))
+
+        if initializer is not None and not callable(initializer):
+            raise TypeError('initializer must be a callable')
+
+        # pipe over which we will retrieve address of server
+        reader, writer = connection.Pipe(duplex=False)
+
+        # spawn process which runs a server
+        self._process = self._ctx.Process(
+            target=type(self)._run_server,
+            args=(self._registry, self._address, self._authkey,
+                  self._serializer, writer, initializer, initargs),
+            )
+        ident = ':'.join(str(i) for i in self._process._identity)
+        self._process.name = type(self).__name__  + '-' + ident
+        self._process.start()
+
+        # get address of server
+        writer.close()
+        self._address = reader.recv()
+        reader.close()
+
+        # register a finalizer
+        self._state.value = State.STARTED
+        self.shutdown = util.Finalize(
+            self, type(self)._finalize_manager,
+            args=(self._process, self._address, self._authkey, self._state,
+                  self._Client, self._shutdown_timeout),
+            exitpriority=0
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _run_server(cls, registry, address, authkey, serializer, writer,
+                    initializer=None, initargs=()):
+        '''
+        Create a server, report its address and run it
+        '''
+        # bpo-36368: protect server process from KeyboardInterrupt signals
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_IGN)
+
+        if initializer is not None:
+            initializer(*initargs)
+
+        # create server
+        server = cls._Server(registry, address, authkey, serializer)
+
+        # inform parent process of the server's address
+        writer.send(server.address)
+        writer.close()
+
+        # run the manager
+        util.info('manager serving at %r', server.address)
+        server.serve_forever()
+
+    def _create(self, typeid, /, *args, **kwds):
+        '''
+        Create a new shared object; return the token and exposed tuple
+        '''
+        assert self._state.value == State.STARTED, 'server not yet started'
+        conn = self._Client(self._address, authkey=self._authkey)
+        try:
+            id, exposed = dispatch(conn, None, 'create', (typeid,)+args, kwds)
+        finally:
+            conn.close()
+        return Token(typeid, self._address, id), exposed
+
+    def join(self, timeout=None):
+        '''
+        Join the manager process (if it has been spawned)
+        '''
+        if self._process is not None:
+            self._process.join(timeout)
+            if not self._process.is_alive():
+                self._process = None
+
+    def _debug_info(self):
+        '''
+        Return some info about the servers shared objects and connections
+        '''
+        conn = self._Client(self._address, authkey=self._authkey)
+        try:
+            return dispatch(conn, None, 'debug_info')
+        finally:
+            conn.close()
+
+    def _number_of_objects(self):
+        '''
+        Return the number of shared objects
+        '''
+        conn = self._Client(self._address, authkey=self._authkey)
+        try:
+            return dispatch(conn, None, 'number_of_objects')
+        finally:
+            conn.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        if self._state.value == State.INITIAL:
+            self.start()
+        if self._state.value != State.STARTED:
+            if self._state.value == State.INITIAL:
+                raise ProcessError("Unable to start server")
+            elif self._state.value == State.SHUTDOWN:
+                raise ProcessError("Manager has shut down")
+            else:
+                raise ProcessError(
+                    "Unknown state {!r}".format(self._state.value))
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        self.shutdown()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _finalize_manager(process, address, authkey, state, _Client,
+                          shutdown_timeout):
+        '''
+        Shutdown the manager process; will be registered as a finalizer
+        '''
+        if process.is_alive():
+            util.info('sending shutdown message to manager')
+            try:
+                conn = _Client(address, authkey=authkey)
+                try:
+                    dispatch(conn, None, 'shutdown')
+                finally:
+                    conn.close()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+            process.join(timeout=shutdown_timeout)
+            if process.is_alive():
+                util.info('manager still alive')
+                if hasattr(process, 'terminate'):
+                    util.info('trying to `terminate()` manager process')
+                    process.terminate()
+                    process.join(timeout=shutdown_timeout)
+                    if process.is_alive():
+                        util.info('manager still alive after terminate')
+                        process.kill()
+                        process.join()
+
+        state.value = State.SHUTDOWN
+        try:
+            del BaseProxy._address_to_local[address]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+    @property
+    def address(self):
+        return self._address
+
+    @classmethod
+    def register(cls, typeid, callable=None, proxytype=None, exposed=None,
+                 method_to_typeid=None, create_method=True):
+        '''
+        Register a typeid with the manager type
+        '''
+        if '_registry' not in cls.__dict__:
+            cls._registry = cls._registry.copy()
+
+        if proxytype is None:
+            proxytype = AutoProxy
+
+        exposed = exposed or getattr(proxytype, '_exposed_', None)
+
+        method_to_typeid = method_to_typeid or \
+                           getattr(proxytype, '_method_to_typeid_', None)
+
+        if method_to_typeid:
+            for key, value in list(method_to_typeid.items()): # isinstance?
+                assert type(key) is str, '%r is not a string' % key
+                assert type(value) is str, '%r is not a string' % value
+
+        cls._registry[typeid] = (
+            callable, exposed, method_to_typeid, proxytype
+            )
+
+        if create_method:
+            def temp(self, /, *args, **kwds):
+                util.debug('requesting creation of a shared %r object', typeid)
+                token, exp = self._create(typeid, *args, **kwds)
+                proxy = proxytype(
+                    token, self._serializer, manager=self,
+                    authkey=self._authkey, exposed=exp
+                    )
+                conn = self._Client(token.address, authkey=self._authkey)
+                dispatch(conn, None, 'decref', (token.id,))
+                return proxy
+            temp.__name__ = typeid
+            setattr(cls, typeid, temp)
+
+#
+# Subclass of set which get cleared after a fork
+#
+
+class ProcessLocalSet(set):
+    def __init__(self):
+        util.register_after_fork(self, lambda obj: obj.clear())
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return type(self), ()
+
+#
+# Definition of BaseProxy
+#
+
+class BaseProxy(object):
+    '''
+    A base for proxies of shared objects
+    '''
+    _address_to_local = {}
+    _mutex = util.ForkAwareThreadLock()
+
+    # Each instance gets a `_serial` number. Unlike `id(...)`, this number
+    # is never reused.
+    _next_serial = 1
+
+    def __init__(self, token, serializer, manager=None,
+                 authkey=None, exposed=None, incref=True, manager_owned=False):
+        with BaseProxy._mutex:
+            tls_serials = BaseProxy._address_to_local.get(token.address, None)
+            if tls_serials is None:
+                tls_serials = util.ForkAwareLocal(), ProcessLocalSet()
+                BaseProxy._address_to_local[token.address] = tls_serials
+
+            self._serial = BaseProxy._next_serial
+            BaseProxy._next_serial += 1
+
+        # self._tls is used to record the connection used by this
+        # thread to communicate with the manager at token.address
+        self._tls = tls_serials[0]
+
+        # self._all_serials is a set used to record the identities of all
+        # shared objects for which the current process owns references and
+        # which are in the manager at token.address
+        self._all_serials = tls_serials[1]
+
+        self._token = token
+        self._id = self._token.id
+        self._manager = manager
+        self._serializer = serializer
+        self._Client = listener_client[serializer][1]
+
+        # Should be set to True only when a proxy object is being created
+        # on the manager server; primary use case: nested proxy objects.
+        # RebuildProxy detects when a proxy is being created on the manager
+        # and sets this value appropriately.
+        self._owned_by_manager = manager_owned
+
+        if authkey is not None:
+            self._authkey = process.AuthenticationString(authkey)
+        elif self._manager is not None:
+            self._authkey = self._manager._authkey
+        else:
+            self._authkey = process.current_process().authkey
+
+        if incref:
+            self._incref()
+
+        util.register_after_fork(self, BaseProxy._after_fork)
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        util.debug('making connection to manager')
+        name = process.current_process().name
+        if threading.current_thread().name != 'MainThread':
+            name += '|' + threading.current_thread().name
+        conn = self._Client(self._token.address, authkey=self._authkey)
+        dispatch(conn, None, 'accept_connection', (name,))
+        self._tls.connection = conn
+
+    def _callmethod(self, methodname, args=(), kwds={}):
+        '''
+        Try to call a method of the referent and return a copy of the result
+        '''
+        try:
+            conn = self._tls.connection
+        except AttributeError:
+            util.debug('thread %r does not own a connection',
+                       threading.current_thread().name)
+            self._connect()
+            conn = self._tls.connection
+
+        conn.send((self._id, methodname, args, kwds))
+        kind, result = conn.recv()
+
+        if kind == '#RETURN':
+            return result
+        elif kind == '#PROXY':
+            exposed, token = result
+            proxytype = self._manager._registry[token.typeid][-1]
+            token.address = self._token.address
+            proxy = proxytype(
+                token, self._serializer, manager=self._manager,
+                authkey=self._authkey, exposed=exposed
+                )
+            conn = self._Client(token.address, authkey=self._authkey)
+            dispatch(conn, None, 'decref', (token.id,))
+            return proxy
+        raise convert_to_error(kind, result)
+
+    def _getvalue(self):
+        '''
+        Get a copy of the value of the referent
+        '''
+        return self._callmethod('#GETVALUE')
+
+    def _incref(self):
+        if self._owned_by_manager:
+            util.debug('owned_by_manager skipped INCREF of %r', self._token.id)
+            return
+
+        conn = self._Client(self._token.address, authkey=self._authkey)
+        dispatch(conn, None, 'incref', (self._id,))
+        util.debug('INCREF %r', self._token.id)
+
+        self._all_serials.add(self._serial)
+
+        state = self._manager and self._manager._state
+
+        self._close = util.Finalize(
+            self, BaseProxy._decref,
+            args=(self._token, self._serial, self._authkey, state,
+                  self._tls, self._all_serials, self._Client),
+            exitpriority=10
+            )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _decref(token, serial, authkey, state, tls, idset, _Client):
+        idset.discard(serial)
+
+        # check whether manager is still alive
+        if state is None or state.value == State.STARTED:
+            # tell manager this process no longer cares about referent
+            try:
+                util.debug('DECREF %r', token.id)
+                conn = _Client(token.address, authkey=authkey)
+                dispatch(conn, None, 'decref', (token.id,))
+            except Exception as e:
+                util.debug('... decref failed %s', e)
+
+        else:
+            util.debug('DECREF %r -- manager already shutdown', token.id)
+
+        # check whether we can close this thread's connection because
+        # the process owns no more references to objects for this manager
+        if not idset and hasattr(tls, 'connection'):
+            util.debug('thread %r has no more proxies so closing conn',
+                       threading.current_thread().name)
+            tls.connection.close()
+            del tls.connection
+
+    def _after_fork(self):
+        self._manager = None
+        try:
+            self._incref()
+        except Exception as e:
+            # the proxy may just be for a manager which has shutdown
+            util.info('incref failed: %s' % e)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        kwds = {}
+        if get_spawning_popen() is not None:
+            kwds['authkey'] = self._authkey
+
+        if getattr(self, '_isauto', False):
+            kwds['exposed'] = self._exposed_
+            return (RebuildProxy,
+                    (AutoProxy, self._token, self._serializer, kwds))
+        else:
+            return (RebuildProxy,
+                    (type(self), self._token, self._serializer, kwds))
+
+    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
+        return self._getvalue()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s object, typeid %r at %#x>' % \
+               (type(self).__name__, self._token.typeid, id(self))
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        '''
+        Return representation of the referent (or a fall-back if that fails)
+        '''
+        try:
+            return self._callmethod('__repr__')
+        except Exception:
+            return repr(self)[:-1] + "; '__str__()' failed>"
+
+#
+# Function used for unpickling
+#
+
+def RebuildProxy(func, token, serializer, kwds):
+    '''
+    Function used for unpickling proxy objects.
+    '''
+    server = getattr(process.current_process(), '_manager_server', None)
+    if server and server.address == token.address:
+        util.debug('Rebuild a proxy owned by manager, token=%r', token)
+        kwds['manager_owned'] = True
+        if token.id not in server.id_to_local_proxy_obj:
+            server.id_to_local_proxy_obj[token.id] = \
+                server.id_to_obj[token.id]
+    incref = (
+        kwds.pop('incref', True) and
+        not getattr(process.current_process(), '_inheriting', False)
+        )
+    return func(token, serializer, incref=incref, **kwds)
+
+#
+# Functions to create proxies and proxy types
+#
+
+def MakeProxyType(name, exposed, _cache={}):
+    '''
+    Return a proxy type whose methods are given by `exposed`
+    '''
+    exposed = tuple(exposed)
+    try:
+        return _cache[(name, exposed)]
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+
+    dic = {}
+
+    for meth in exposed:
+        exec('''def %s(self, /, *args, **kwds):
+        return self._callmethod(%r, args, kwds)''' % (meth, meth), dic)
+
+    ProxyType = type(name, (BaseProxy,), dic)
+    ProxyType._exposed_ = exposed
+    _cache[(name, exposed)] = ProxyType
+    return ProxyType
+
+
+def AutoProxy(token, serializer, manager=None, authkey=None,
+              exposed=None, incref=True, manager_owned=False):
+    '''
+    Return an auto-proxy for `token`
+    '''
+    _Client = listener_client[serializer][1]
+
+    if exposed is None:
+        conn = _Client(token.address, authkey=authkey)
+        try:
+            exposed = dispatch(conn, None, 'get_methods', (token,))
+        finally:
+            conn.close()
+
+    if authkey is None and manager is not None:
+        authkey = manager._authkey
+    if authkey is None:
+        authkey = process.current_process().authkey
+
+    ProxyType = MakeProxyType('AutoProxy[%s]' % token.typeid, exposed)
+    proxy = ProxyType(token, serializer, manager=manager, authkey=authkey,
+                      incref=incref, manager_owned=manager_owned)
+    proxy._isauto = True
+    return proxy
+
+#
+# Types/callables which we will register with SyncManager
+#
+
+class Namespace(object):
+    def __init__(self, /, **kwds):
+        self.__dict__.update(kwds)
+    def __repr__(self):
+        items = list(self.__dict__.items())
+        temp = []
+        for name, value in items:
+            if not name.startswith('_'):
+                temp.append('%s=%r' % (name, value))
+        temp.sort()
+        return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, ', '.join(temp))
+
+class Value(object):
+    def __init__(self, typecode, value, lock=True):
+        self._typecode = typecode
+        self._value = value
+    def get(self):
+        return self._value
+    def set(self, value):
+        self._value = value
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '%s(%r, %r)'%(type(self).__name__, self._typecode, self._value)
+    value = property(get, set)
+
+def Array(typecode, sequence, lock=True):
+    return array.array(typecode, sequence)
+
+#
+# Proxy types used by SyncManager
+#
+
+class IteratorProxy(BaseProxy):
+    _exposed_ = ('__next__', 'send', 'throw', 'close')
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+    def __next__(self, *args):
+        return self._callmethod('__next__', args)
+    def send(self, *args):
+        return self._callmethod('send', args)
+    def throw(self, *args):
+        return self._callmethod('throw', args)
+    def close(self, *args):
+        return self._callmethod('close', args)
+
+
+class AcquirerProxy(BaseProxy):
+    _exposed_ = ('acquire', 'release')
+    def acquire(self, blocking=True, timeout=None):
+        args = (blocking,) if timeout is None else (blocking, timeout)
+        return self._callmethod('acquire', args)
+    def release(self):
+        return self._callmethod('release')
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self._callmethod('acquire')
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        return self._callmethod('release')
+
+
+class ConditionProxy(AcquirerProxy):
+    _exposed_ = ('acquire', 'release', 'wait', 'notify', 'notify_all')
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        return self._callmethod('wait', (timeout,))
+    def notify(self, n=1):
+        return self._callmethod('notify', (n,))
+    def notify_all(self):
+        return self._callmethod('notify_all')
+    def wait_for(self, predicate, timeout=None):
+        result = predicate()
+        if result:
+            return result
+        if timeout is not None:
+            endtime = time.monotonic() + timeout
+        else:
+            endtime = None
+            waittime = None
+        while not result:
+            if endtime is not None:
+                waittime = endtime - time.monotonic()
+                if waittime <= 0:
+                    break
+            self.wait(waittime)
+            result = predicate()
+        return result
+
+
+class EventProxy(BaseProxy):
+    _exposed_ = ('is_set', 'set', 'clear', 'wait')
+    def is_set(self):
+        return self._callmethod('is_set')
+    def set(self):
+        return self._callmethod('set')
+    def clear(self):
+        return self._callmethod('clear')
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        return self._callmethod('wait', (timeout,))
+
+
+class BarrierProxy(BaseProxy):
+    _exposed_ = ('__getattribute__', 'wait', 'abort', 'reset')
+    def wait(self, timeout=None):
+        return self._callmethod('wait', (timeout,))
+    def abort(self):
+        return self._callmethod('abort')
+    def reset(self):
+        return self._callmethod('reset')
+    @property
+    def parties(self):
+        return self._callmethod('__getattribute__', ('parties',))
+    @property
+    def n_waiting(self):
+        return self._callmethod('__getattribute__', ('n_waiting',))
+    @property
+    def broken(self):
+        return self._callmethod('__getattribute__', ('broken',))
+
+
+class NamespaceProxy(BaseProxy):
+    _exposed_ = ('__getattribute__', '__setattr__', '__delattr__')
+    def __getattr__(self, key):
+        if key[0] == '_':
+            return object.__getattribute__(self, key)
+        callmethod = object.__getattribute__(self, '_callmethod')
+        return callmethod('__getattribute__', (key,))
+    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
+        if key[0] == '_':
+            return object.__setattr__(self, key, value)
+        callmethod = object.__getattribute__(self, '_callmethod')
+        return callmethod('__setattr__', (key, value))
+    def __delattr__(self, key):
+        if key[0] == '_':
+            return object.__delattr__(self, key)
+        callmethod = object.__getattribute__(self, '_callmethod')
+        return callmethod('__delattr__', (key,))
+
+
+class ValueProxy(BaseProxy):
+    _exposed_ = ('get', 'set')
+    def get(self):
+        return self._callmethod('get')
+    def set(self, value):
+        return self._callmethod('set', (value,))
+    value = property(get, set)
+
+    __class_getitem__ = classmethod(types.GenericAlias)
+
+
+BaseListProxy = MakeProxyType('BaseListProxy', (
+    '__add__', '__contains__', '__delitem__', '__getitem__', '__len__',
+    '__mul__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setitem__',
+    'append', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove',
+    'reverse', 'sort', '__imul__'
+    ))
+class ListProxy(BaseListProxy):
+    def __iadd__(self, value):
+        self._callmethod('extend', (value,))
+        return self
+    def __imul__(self, value):
+        self._callmethod('__imul__', (value,))
+        return self
+
+
+DictProxy = MakeProxyType('DictProxy', (
+    '__contains__', '__delitem__', '__getitem__', '__iter__', '__len__',
+    '__setitem__', 'clear', 'copy', 'get', 'items',
+    'keys', 'pop', 'popitem', 'setdefault', 'update', 'values'
+    ))
+DictProxy._method_to_typeid_ = {
+    '__iter__': 'Iterator',
+    }
+
+
+ArrayProxy = MakeProxyType('ArrayProxy', (
+    '__len__', '__getitem__', '__setitem__'
+    ))
+
+
+BasePoolProxy = MakeProxyType('PoolProxy', (
+    'apply', 'apply_async', 'close', 'imap', 'imap_unordered', 'join',
+    'map', 'map_async', 'starmap', 'starmap_async', 'terminate',
+    ))
+BasePoolProxy._method_to_typeid_ = {
+    'apply_async': 'AsyncResult',
+    'map_async': 'AsyncResult',
+    'starmap_async': 'AsyncResult',
+    'imap': 'Iterator',
+    'imap_unordered': 'Iterator'
+    }
+class PoolProxy(BasePoolProxy):
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        self.terminate()
+
+#
+# Definition of SyncManager
+#
+
+class SyncManager(BaseManager):
+    '''
+    Subclass of `BaseManager` which supports a number of shared object types.
+
+    The types registered are those intended for the synchronization
+    of threads, plus `dict`, `list` and `Namespace`.
+
+    The `multiprocessing.Manager()` function creates started instances of
+    this class.
+    '''
+
+SyncManager.register('Queue', queue.Queue)
+SyncManager.register('JoinableQueue', queue.Queue)
+SyncManager.register('Event', threading.Event, EventProxy)
+SyncManager.register('Lock', threading.Lock, AcquirerProxy)
+SyncManager.register('RLock', threading.RLock, AcquirerProxy)
+SyncManager.register('Semaphore', threading.Semaphore, AcquirerProxy)
+SyncManager.register('BoundedSemaphore', threading.BoundedSemaphore,
+                     AcquirerProxy)
+SyncManager.register('Condition', threading.Condition, ConditionProxy)
+SyncManager.register('Barrier', threading.Barrier, BarrierProxy)
+SyncManager.register('Pool', pool.Pool, PoolProxy)
+SyncManager.register('list', list, ListProxy)
+SyncManager.register('dict', dict, DictProxy)
+SyncManager.register('Value', Value, ValueProxy)
+SyncManager.register('Array', Array, ArrayProxy)
+SyncManager.register('Namespace', Namespace, NamespaceProxy)
+
+# types returned by methods of PoolProxy
+SyncManager.register('Iterator', proxytype=IteratorProxy, create_method=False)
+SyncManager.register('AsyncResult', create_method=False)
+
+#
+# Definition of SharedMemoryManager and SharedMemoryServer
+#
+
+if HAS_SHMEM:
+    class _SharedMemoryTracker:
+        "Manages one or more shared memory segments."
+
+        def __init__(self, name, segment_names=[]):
+            self.shared_memory_context_name = name
+            self.segment_names = segment_names
+
+        def register_segment(self, segment_name):
+            "Adds the supplied shared memory block name to tracker."
+            util.debug(f"Register segment {segment_name!r} in pid {getpid()}")
+            self.segment_names.append(segment_name)
+
+        def destroy_segment(self, segment_name):
+            """Calls unlink() on the shared memory block with the supplied name
+            and removes it from the list of blocks being tracked."""
+            util.debug(f"Destroy segment {segment_name!r} in pid {getpid()}")
+            self.segment_names.remove(segment_name)
+            segment = shared_memory.SharedMemory(segment_name)
+            segment.close()
+            segment.unlink()
+
+        def unlink(self):
+            "Calls destroy_segment() on all tracked shared memory blocks."
+            for segment_name in self.segment_names[:]:
+                self.destroy_segment(segment_name)
+
+        def __del__(self):
+            util.debug(f"Call {self.__class__.__name__}.__del__ in {getpid()}")
+            self.unlink()
+
+        def __getstate__(self):
+            return (self.shared_memory_context_name, self.segment_names)
+
+        def __setstate__(self, state):
+            self.__init__(*state)
+
+
+    class SharedMemoryServer(Server):
+
+        public = Server.public + \
+                 ['track_segment', 'release_segment', 'list_segments']
+
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            Server.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+            address = self.address
+            # The address of Linux abstract namespaces can be bytes
+            if isinstance(address, bytes):
+                address = os.fsdecode(address)
+            self.shared_memory_context = \
+                _SharedMemoryTracker(f"shm_{address}_{getpid()}")
+            util.debug(f"SharedMemoryServer started by pid {getpid()}")
+
+        def create(self, c, typeid, /, *args, **kwargs):
+            """Create a new distributed-shared object (not backed by a shared
+            memory block) and return its id to be used in a Proxy Object."""
+            # Unless set up as a shared proxy, don't make shared_memory_context
+            # a standard part of kwargs.  This makes things easier for supplying
+            # simple functions.
+            if hasattr(self.registry[typeid][-1], "_shared_memory_proxy"):
+                kwargs['shared_memory_context'] = self.shared_memory_context
+            return Server.create(self, c, typeid, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        def shutdown(self, c):
+            "Call unlink() on all tracked shared memory, terminate the Server."
+            self.shared_memory_context.unlink()
+            return Server.shutdown(self, c)
+
+        def track_segment(self, c, segment_name):
+            "Adds the supplied shared memory block name to Server's tracker."
+            self.shared_memory_context.register_segment(segment_name)
+
+        def release_segment(self, c, segment_name):
+            """Calls unlink() on the shared memory block with the supplied name
+            and removes it from the tracker instance inside the Server."""
+            self.shared_memory_context.destroy_segment(segment_name)
+
+        def list_segments(self, c):
+            """Returns a list of names of shared memory blocks that the Server
+            is currently tracking."""
+            return self.shared_memory_context.segment_names
+
+
+    class SharedMemoryManager(BaseManager):
+        """Like SyncManager but uses SharedMemoryServer instead of Server.
+
+        It provides methods for creating and returning SharedMemory instances
+        and for creating a list-like object (ShareableList) backed by shared
+        memory.  It also provides methods that create and return Proxy Objects
+        that support synchronization across processes (i.e. multi-process-safe
+        locks and semaphores).
+        """
+
+        _Server = SharedMemoryServer
+
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            if os.name == "posix":
+                # bpo-36867: Ensure the resource_tracker is running before
+                # launching the manager process, so that concurrent
+                # shared_memory manipulation both in the manager and in the
+                # current process does not create two resource_tracker
+                # processes.
+                from . import resource_tracker
+                resource_tracker.ensure_running()
+            BaseManager.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
+            util.debug(f"{self.__class__.__name__} created by pid {getpid()}")
+
+        def __del__(self):
+            util.debug(f"{self.__class__.__name__}.__del__ by pid {getpid()}")
+
+        def get_server(self):
+            'Better than monkeypatching for now; merge into Server ultimately'
+            if self._state.value != State.INITIAL:
+                if self._state.value == State.STARTED:
+                    raise ProcessError("Already started SharedMemoryServer")
+                elif self._state.value == State.SHUTDOWN:
+                    raise ProcessError("SharedMemoryManager has shut down")
+                else:
+                    raise ProcessError(
+                        "Unknown state {!r}".format(self._state.value))
+            return self._Server(self._registry, self._address,
+                                self._authkey, self._serializer)
+
+        def SharedMemory(self, size):
+            """Returns a new SharedMemory instance with the specified size in
+            bytes, to be tracked by the manager."""
+            with self._Client(self._address, authkey=self._authkey) as conn:
+                sms = shared_memory.SharedMemory(None, create=True, size=size)
+                try:
+                    dispatch(conn, None, 'track_segment', (sms.name,))
+                except BaseException as e:
+                    sms.unlink()
+                    raise e
+            return sms
+
+        def ShareableList(self, sequence):
+            """Returns a new ShareableList instance populated with the values
+            from the input sequence, to be tracked by the manager."""
+            with self._Client(self._address, authkey=self._authkey) as conn:
+                sl = shared_memory.ShareableList(sequence)
+                try:
+                    dispatch(conn, None, 'track_segment', (sl.shm.name,))
+                except BaseException as e:
+                    sl.shm.unlink()
+                    raise e
+            return sl