@oneuptime/common 12.0.28 → 12.0.30

package/Tests/Server/Utils/OnCall/OnCallShiftMaterializer.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1502 @@
+import OnCallShiftMaterializer, {
+  MaterializeResult,
+  MaterializedScheduleInfo,
+  MaterializedUserInfo,
+} from "../../../../Server/Utils/OnCall/OnCallShiftMaterializer";
+import OnCallDutyPolicyScheduleLayerUserService from "../../../../Server/Services/OnCallDutyPolicyScheduleLayerUserService";
+import OnCallDutyPolicyScheduleService from "../../../../Server/Services/OnCallDutyPolicyScheduleService";
+import OnCallDutyPolicyUserOverrideService from "../../../../Server/Services/OnCallDutyPolicyUserOverrideService";
+import UserService from "../../../../Server/Services/UserService";
+import logger from "../../../../Server/Utils/Logger";
+import CalendarEvent from "../../../../Types/Calendar/CalendarEvent";
+import OneUptimeDate from "../../../../Types/Date";
+import BadDataException from "../../../../Types/Exception/BadDataException";
+import EventInterval from "../../../../Types/Events/EventInterval";
+import ObjectID from "../../../../Types/ObjectID";
+import { LayerProps } from "../../../../Types/OnCallDutyPolicy/Layer";
+import {
+  MaterializedShift,
+  MaterializedShiftPolicy,
+} from "../../../../Types/OnCallDutyPolicy/MaterializedShift";
+import { OnCallShift } from "../../../../Types/OnCallDutyPolicy/ScheduleShiftUtil";
+import {
+  at,
+  dailyRestriction,
+  rotation,
+} from "../../../Types/OnCallDutyPolicy/CalendarFeedTestFixtures";
+import {
+  FakeDb,
+  emptyDb,
+  installFakeDb,
+  makeAttachment,
+  makeLayer,
+  makeLayerUser,
+  makeOverride,
+  makeProject,
+  makeSchedule,
+  makeUser,
+  oid,
+} from "./OnCallResolverTestHarness";
+import {
+  afterEach,
+  beforeEach,
+  describe,
+  expect,
+  jest,
+  test,
+} from "@jest/globals";
+
+/*
+ * OnCallShiftMaterializer: resolver segments -> MaterializedShift[].
+ *
+ * The fixtures are the ones the calendar-feed spec names — multi-layer with
+ * restricted hours, a partial override, a substitute who is not a member,
+ * a schedule attached to two policies with a policy-scoped override, and
+ * the audit "A[10:00-11:00], B[11:00:01-12:00]" seam case — and every one is
+ * CROSS-CHECKED against the service methods paging uses
+ * (getCurrentUserIdInSchedule / getEventByIndexInSchedule), which run the
+ * real code against the same in-memory rows.
+ */
+
+const UTC: string = "UTC";
+const PROJECT: string = "project-1";
+const SCHEDULE: string = "schedule-1";
+const SCHEDULE_2: string = "schedule-2";
+
+const WINDOW_START: Date = at("2026-03-02T00:00:00Z");
+const WINDOW_END: Date = at("2026-03-05T00:00:00Z");
+const NOW: Date = at("2026-03-03T12:00:00Z");
+
+function ids(list: Array<ObjectID>): Array<string> {
+  return list.map((id: ObjectID) => {
+    return id.toString();
+  });
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fixture A: "Primary" A/B daily rotation restricted to 09:00-17:00 UTC over
+ * a 24x7 "Fallback" layer with C, attached to one policy.
+ */
+function multiLayerDb(): FakeDb {
+  const db: FakeDb = emptyDb();
+
+  db.projects.push(makeProject({ id: PROJECT, name: "Acme" }));
+  db.schedules.push(
+    makeSchedule({
+      id: SCHEDULE,
+      projectId: PROJECT,
+      name: "Payments",
+      timezone: UTC,
+      shiftConfigVersion: 4,
+    }),
+  );
+
+  db.layers.push(
+    makeLayer({
+      id: "layer-primary",
+      scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+      projectId: PROJECT,
+      name: "Primary",
+      order: 1,
+      startsAt: at("2026-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
+      handOffTime: at("2026-01-01T09:00:00Z"),
+      rotation: rotation(EventInterval.Day, 1),
+      restrictionTimes: dailyRestriction("09:00", "17:00", UTC),
+    }),
+    makeLayer({
+      id: "layer-fallback",
+      scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+      projectId: PROJECT,
+      name: "Fallback",
+      order: 2,
+      startsAt: at("2026-01-05T00:00:00Z"),
+      handOffTime: at("2026-01-05T00:00:00Z"),
+      rotation: rotation(EventInterval.Week, 1),
+    }),
+  );
+
+  db.layerUsers.push(
+    makeLayerUser({
+      id: "lu-a",
+      scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+      layerId: "layer-primary",
+      projectId: PROJECT,
+      userId: "A",
+      order: 1,
+    }),
+    makeLayerUser({
+      id: "lu-b",
+      scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+      layerId: "layer-primary",
+      projectId: PROJECT,
+      userId: "B",
+      order: 2,
+    }),
+    makeLayerUser({
+      id: "lu-c",
+      scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+      layerId: "layer-fallback",
+      projectId: PROJECT,
+      userId: "C",
+      order: 1,
+    }),
+  );
+
+  db.attachments.push(
+    makeAttachment({
+      id: "att-1",
+      scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+      projectId: PROJECT,
+      policyId: "P1",
+      policyName: "Payments Policy",
+      ruleId: "R1",
+      ruleName: "Primary rule",
+      ruleOrder: 1,
+    }),
+  );
+
+  db.users.push(
+    makeUser({
+      id: "A",
+      name: "Alice",
+      email: "alice@example.com",
+      timezone: "UTC",
+    }),
+    makeUser({ id: "B", email: "bob@example.com" }),
+    makeUser({
+      id: "C",
+      name: "Carol",
+      email: "carol@example.com",
+      timezone: "Europe/Stockholm",
+    }),
+    makeUser({ id: "E", name: "Erin" }),
+  );
+
+  return db;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Who the materialization says is on call at `instant` — in a policy's
+ * context when `policyId` is given: a policy-variant shift for that policy
+ * wins, otherwise the base (roster) shift applies, exactly as paging would
+ * resolve it.
+ */
+function coveringShift(
+  shifts: Array<MaterializedShift>,
+  instant: Date,
+  options?: { policyId?: string | undefined },
+): MaterializedShift | undefined {
+  const covers: (shift: MaterializedShift) => boolean = (
+    shift: MaterializedShift,
+  ): boolean => {
+    return (
+      shift.start.getTime() <= instant.getTime() &&
+      shift.end.getTime() > instant.getTime()
+    );
+  };
+
+  if (options?.policyId) {
+    const variant: MaterializedShift | undefined = shifts.find(
+      (shift: MaterializedShift) => {
+        return (
+          shift.policyVariantOf?.policyId === options.policyId && covers(shift)
+        );
+      },
+    );
+    if (variant) {
+      return variant;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return shifts.find((shift: MaterializedShift) => {
+    return !shift.policyVariantOf && covers(shift);
+  });
+}
+
+function baseShifts(
+  shifts: Array<MaterializedShift>,
+): Array<MaterializedShift> {
+  return shifts.filter((shift: MaterializedShift) => {
+    return !shift.policyVariantOf;
+  });
+}
+
+async function materializeSchedule(
+  db: FakeDb,
+  options?: { now?: Date; maxSimulationIterations?: number },
+): Promise<MaterializeResult> {
+  installFakeDb(db);
+  return await OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForSchedule({
+    scheduleId: oid(SCHEDULE),
+    windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+    windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+    now: options?.now ?? NOW,
+    maxSimulationIterations: options?.maxSimulationIterations,
+  });
+}
+
+function withinOneSecond(a: Date, b: Date): void {
+  expect(Math.abs(a.getTime() - b.getTime())).toBeLessThanOrEqual(1000);
+}
+
+/*
+ * The cross-check proper: at `now`, the person the materializer says is on
+ * call must be the person paging would resolve, and the current / next
+ * events paging computes must line up with the materialized shift boundaries
+ * (to within the engine's one-second seam, which the materializer removes).
+ */
+async function crossCheck(data: {
+  shifts: Array<MaterializedShift>;
+  now: Date;
+  policyId?: string | undefined;
+}): Promise<void> {
+  jest.spyOn(OneUptimeDate, "getCurrentDate").mockReturnValue(data.now);
+
+  const current: MaterializedShift | undefined = coveringShift(
+    data.shifts,
+    data.now,
+    { policyId: data.policyId },
+  );
+  expect(current).toBeDefined();
+
+  const pagedUser: ObjectID | null =
+    await OnCallDutyPolicyScheduleService.getCurrentUserIdInSchedule(
+      oid(SCHEDULE),
+      { onCallDutyPolicyId: data.policyId ? oid(data.policyId) : undefined },
+    );
+
+  expect(pagedUser?.toString()).toBe(current!.userId);
+
+  const events: Array<CalendarEvent> =
+    await OnCallDutyPolicyScheduleService.getEventByIndexInSchedule({
+      scheduleId: oid(SCHEDULE),
+      getNumberOfEvents: 2,
+      onCallDutyPolicyId: data.policyId ? oid(data.policyId) : undefined,
+    });
+
+  expect(events.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+  expect(events[0]!.title).toBe(current!.userId);
+  withinOneSecond(events[0]!.end, current!.end);
+
+  if (events[1]) {
+    const next: MaterializedShift | undefined = coveringShift(
+      data.shifts,
+      new Date(current!.end.getTime() + 1000),
+      { policyId: data.policyId },
+    );
+    expect(next).toBeDefined();
+    expect(events[1]!.title).toBe(next!.userId);
+    withinOneSecond(events[1]!.start, next!.start);
+  }
+}
+
+describe("OnCallShiftMaterializer", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.spyOn(logger, "error").mockImplementation((): void => {
+      return undefined;
+    });
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    jest.restoreAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  describe("multi-layer schedule with restricted hours (fixture A)", () => {
+    test("one shift per active block, seam-normalised, touching, no overlaps, all inside the window", async () => {
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await materializeSchedule(multiLayerDb());
+      const shifts: Array<MaterializedShift> = baseShifts(result.shifts);
+
+      expect(result.truncated).toBe(false);
+      expect(shifts.length).toBeGreaterThan(3);
+
+      for (const shift of shifts) {
+        expect(shift.start.getTime()).toBeLessThan(WINDOW_END.getTime());
+        expect(shift.end.getTime()).toBeGreaterThan(WINDOW_START.getTime());
+        expect(shift.end.getTime()).toBeGreaterThan(shift.start.getTime());
+        // Minute-aligned after seam normalisation.
+        expect(shift.start.getUTCSeconds()).toBe(0);
+        expect(shift.start.getUTCMilliseconds()).toBe(0);
+        expect(shift.end.getUTCSeconds()).toBe(0);
+        expect(shift.coverageSeconds).toBe(
+          Math.round((shift.end.getTime() - shift.start.getTime()) / 1000),
+        );
+      }
+
+      for (let i: number = 1; i < shifts.length; i++) {
+        const previous: MaterializedShift = shifts[i - 1]!;
+        const current: MaterializedShift = shifts[i]!;
+        // Sorted by start, touching exactly, never overlapping.
+        expect(current.start.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(
+          previous.start.getTime(),
+        );
+        expect(current.start.getTime()).toBe(previous.end.getTime());
+      }
+    });
+
+    test("primary shifts are 09:00-17:00 by A or B with layer identity; the fallback fills the rest with C", async () => {
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await materializeSchedule(multiLayerDb());
+      const shifts: Array<MaterializedShift> = baseShifts(result.shifts);
+
+      const primary: Array<MaterializedShift> = shifts.filter(
+        (shift: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return shift.layerName === "Primary";
+        },
+      );
+      const fallback: Array<MaterializedShift> = shifts.filter(
+        (shift: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return shift.layerName === "Fallback";
+        },
+      );
+
+      expect(primary).toHaveLength(3); // 03-02, 03-03, 03-04
+      for (const shift of primary) {
+        expect(shift.layerId).toBe("layer-primary");
+        expect(shift.start.getUTCHours()).toBe(9);
+        expect(shift.end.getUTCHours()).toBe(17);
+        expect(shift.coverageSeconds).toBe(8 * 3600);
+        expect(["A", "B"]).toContain(shift.userId);
+      }
+      expect(primary[0]!.userId).not.toBe(primary[1]!.userId);
+      expect(primary[1]!.userId).not.toBe(primary[2]!.userId);
+
+      expect(fallback.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      for (const shift of fallback) {
+        expect(shift.layerId).toBe("layer-fallback");
+        expect(shift.userId).toBe("C");
+      }
+
+      expect(coveringShift(shifts, at("2026-03-03T12:00:00Z"))!.layerName).toBe(
+        "Primary",
+      );
+      expect(coveringShift(shifts, at("2026-03-03T20:00:00Z"))!.userId).toBe(
+        "C",
+      );
+      expect(coveringShift(shifts, at("2026-03-03T03:00:00Z"))!.userId).toBe(
+        "C",
+      );
+    });
+
+    test("carries schedule, project, policy, version, lastModifiedAt and isPast", async () => {
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await materializeSchedule(multiLayerDb());
+
+      for (const shift of result.shifts) {
+        expect(shift.projectId).toBe(PROJECT);
+        expect(shift.projectName).toBe("Acme");
+        expect(shift.scheduleId).toBe(SCHEDULE);
+        expect(shift.scheduleName).toBe("Payments");
+        expect(shift.scheduleTimezone).toBe(UTC);
+        expect(shift.shiftConfigVersion).toBe(4);
+        expect(shift.lastModifiedAt.toISOString()).toBe(
+          "2026-08-01T10:00:00.000Z",
+        );
+        expect(shift.policies).toEqual([
+          {
+            policyId: "P1",
+            policyName: "Payments Policy",
+            ruleId: "R1",
+            ruleName: "Primary rule",
+            ruleOrder: 1,
+          },
+        ]);
+        expect(shift.isPast).toBe(shift.start.getTime() < NOW.getTime());
+        expect(shift.override).toBeUndefined();
+        expect(shift.policyVariantOf).toBeUndefined();
+      }
+
+      expect(
+        result.shifts.some((shift: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return shift.isPast;
+        }),
+      ).toBe(true);
+      expect(
+        result.shifts.some((shift: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return !shift.isPast;
+        }),
+      ).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("names and timezones come from ONE user lookup; email is the fallback, unknown users are 'Unnamed user'", async () => {
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await materializeSchedule(multiLayerDb());
+
+      expect(UserService.findBy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+      const byUser: Record<string, string> = {};
+      for (const shift of result.shifts) {
+        byUser[shift.userId] = shift.userName;
+      }
+      expect(byUser["A"]).toBe("Alice");
+      expect(byUser["B"]).toBe("bob@example.com");
+      expect(byUser["C"]).toBe("Carol");
+
+      const carol: MaterializedUserInfo | undefined = result.users.find(
+        (u: MaterializedUserInfo) => {
+          return u.userId === "C";
+        },
+      );
+      expect(carol).toEqual({
+        userId: "C",
+        userName: "Carol",
+        email: "carol@example.com",
+        timezone: "Europe/Stockholm",
+      });
+      const bob: MaterializedUserInfo | undefined = result.users.find(
+        (u: MaterializedUserInfo) => {
+          return u.userId === "B";
+        },
+      );
+      expect(bob).toEqual({
+        userId: "B",
+        userName: "bob@example.com",
+        email: "bob@example.com",
+      });
+    });
+
+    test("exposes per-schedule info (layer props for the coverage envelope, attached policies, members)", async () => {
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await materializeSchedule(multiLayerDb());
+
+      expect(result.schedules).toHaveLength(1);
+      const info: MaterializedScheduleInfo = result.schedules[0]!;
+      expect(info.scheduleId).toBe(SCHEDULE);
+      expect(info.scheduleName).toBe("Payments");
+      expect(info.projectName).toBe("Acme");
+      expect(info.scheduleTimezone).toBe(UTC);
+      expect(info.shiftConfigVersion).toBe(4);
+      expect(info.truncated).toBe(false);
+      expect(
+        info.layerProps.map((l: LayerProps) => {
+          return l.layerId;
+        }),
+      ).toEqual(["layer-primary", "layer-fallback"]);
+      expect(info.scheduleUserIds).toEqual(["A", "B", "C"]);
+      expect(info.attachedPolicies).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.generatedAt).toBe(NOW);
+    });
+
+    test("cross-check: agrees with getCurrentUserIdInSchedule / getEventByIndexInSchedule during and outside office hours", async () => {
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await materializeSchedule(multiLayerDb());
+
+      await crossCheck({
+        shifts: result.shifts,
+        now: at("2026-03-03T12:00:00Z"),
+        policyId: "P1",
+      });
+      await crossCheck({
+        shifts: result.shifts,
+        now: at("2026-03-03T20:00:00Z"),
+        policyId: "P1",
+      });
+      await crossCheck({
+        shifts: result.shifts,
+        now: at("2026-03-04T08:59:00Z"),
+        policyId: "P1",
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("shift identity and content hash", () => {
+    test("shiftKey is schedule + seam-normalised start; hashes are deterministic across runs", async () => {
+      const first: MaterializeResult =
+        await materializeSchedule(multiLayerDb());
+      jest.restoreAllMocks();
+      jest.spyOn(logger, "error").mockImplementation((): void => {
+        return undefined;
+      });
+      const second: MaterializeResult =
+        await materializeSchedule(multiLayerDb());
+
+      expect(
+        first.shifts.map((s: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return s.shiftKey;
+        }),
+      ).toEqual(
+        second.shifts.map((s: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return s.shiftKey;
+        }),
+      );
+      expect(
+        first.shifts.map((s: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return s.contentHash;
+        }),
+      ).toEqual(
+        second.shifts.map((s: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return s.contentHash;
+        }),
+      );
+
+      for (const shift of first.shifts) {
+        expect(shift.shiftKey).toBe(
+          `${SCHEDULE}:${Math.floor(shift.start.getTime() / 1000)}`,
+        );
+        expect(shift.contentHash).toMatch(/^[0-9a-f]{64}$/);
+      }
+
+      // Keys are unique.
+      expect(
+        new Set(
+          first.shifts.map((s: MaterializedShift) => {
+            return s.shiftKey;
+          }),
+        ).size,
+      ).toBe(first.shifts.length);
+    });
+
+    test("a display-name change alters the hash of that user's shifts only", async () => {
+      const before: MaterializeResult =
+        await materializeSchedule(multiLayerDb());
+      jest.restoreAllMocks();
+      jest.spyOn(logger, "error").mockImplementation((): void => {
+        return undefined;
+      });
+
+      const db: FakeDb = multiLayerDb();
+      db.users[0]!["name"] = "Alicia";
+      const after: MaterializeResult = await materializeSchedule(db);
+
+      expect(after.shifts).toHaveLength(before.shifts.length);
+      before.shifts.forEach((shift: MaterializedShift, index: number) => {
+        const other: MaterializedShift = after.shifts[index]!;
+        expect(other.shiftKey).toBe(shift.shiftKey);
+        if (shift.userId === "A") {
+          expect(other.contentHash).not.toBe(shift.contentHash);
+          expect(other.userName).toBe("Alicia");
+        } else {
+          expect(other.contentHash).toBe(shift.contentHash);
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+    test("computeContentHash ignores shiftKey / version / lastModifiedAt and reacts to content", () => {
+      const base: MaterializedShift = {
+        shiftKey: "k",
+        contentHash: "",
+        projectId: PROJECT,
+        scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+        scheduleName: "Payments",
+        userId: "A",
+        userName: "Alice",
+        start: at("2026-03-03T09:00:00Z"),
+        end: at("2026-03-03T17:00:00Z"),
+        coverageSeconds: 8 * 3600,
+        policies: [],
+        isPast: false,
+        lastModifiedAt: at("2026-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
+        shiftConfigVersion: 1,
+      };
+
+      const hash: string = OnCallShiftMaterializer.computeContentHash(base);
+
+      const identityOnlyChange: MaterializedShift = {
+        ...base,
+        shiftKey: "other",
+        lastModifiedAt: at("2027-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
+        shiftConfigVersion: 99,
+      };
+      expect(
+        OnCallShiftMaterializer.computeContentHash(identityOnlyChange),
+      ).toBe(hash);
+
+      expect(
+        OnCallShiftMaterializer.computeContentHash({
+          ...base,
+          end: at("2026-03-03T18:00:00Z"),
+        }),
+      ).not.toBe(hash);
+      expect(
+        OnCallShiftMaterializer.computeContentHash({ ...base, userId: "B" }),
+      ).not.toBe(hash);
+      expect(
+        OnCallShiftMaterializer.computeContentHash({
+          ...base,
+          layerName: "Primary",
+        }),
+      ).not.toBe(hash);
+      expect(
+        OnCallShiftMaterializer.computeContentHash({
+          ...base,
+          policies: [
+            {
+              policyId: "P1",
+              policyName: "x",
+              ruleId: "R1",
+              ruleName: "r",
+              ruleOrder: 1,
+            },
+          ],
+        }),
+      ).not.toBe(hash);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("partial override (fixture B)", () => {
+    const OVERRIDE_START: Date = at("2026-03-03T11:00:00Z");
+    const OVERRIDE_END: Date = at("2026-03-03T13:00:00Z");
+
+    async function overrideDb(): Promise<{ db: FakeDb; original: string }> {
+      const baseline: MaterializeResult =
+        await materializeSchedule(multiLayerDb());
+      const original: string = coveringShift(baseline.shifts, NOW)!.userId;
+      jest.restoreAllMocks();
+      jest.spyOn(logger, "error").mockImplementation((): void => {
+        return undefined;
+      });
+
+      const db: FakeDb = multiLayerDb();
+      db.overrides.push(
+        makeOverride({
+          id: "ov-1",
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          overrideUserId: original,
+          routeAlertsToUserId: "D",
+          startsAt: OVERRIDE_START,
+          endsAt: OVERRIDE_END,
+        }),
+      );
+      return { db, original };
+    }
+
+    test("splits the day into X / D / X with three touching shifts and override provenance on the middle one", async () => {
+      const { db, original } = await overrideDb();
+      const result: MaterializeResult = await materializeSchedule(db);
+
+      const day: Array<MaterializedShift> = baseShifts(result.shifts).filter(
+        (shift: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return (
+            shift.layerName === "Primary" && shift.start.getUTCDate() === 3
+          );
+        },
+      );
+
+      expect(
+        day.map((s: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return [s.userId, s.start.toISOString(), s.end.toISOString()];
+        }),
+      ).toEqual([
+        [original, "2026-03-03T09:00:00.000Z", "2026-03-03T11:00:00.000Z"],
+        ["D", "2026-03-03T11:00:00.000Z", "2026-03-03T13:00:00.000Z"],
+        [original, "2026-03-03T13:00:00.000Z", "2026-03-03T17:00:00.000Z"],
+      ]);
+
+      const [before, during, after] = day as [
+        MaterializedShift,
+        MaterializedShift,
+        MaterializedShift,
+      ];
+
+      expect(before.override).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(after.override).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(during.override).toEqual({
+        originalUserId: original,
+        originalUserName: original === "A" ? "Alice" : "bob@example.com",
+        overrideStartsAt: OVERRIDE_START,
+        overrideEndsAt: OVERRIDE_END,
+      });
+      expect(during.override!.onCallDutyPolicyId).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(during.userName).toBe("Unnamed user"); // D has no user row
+      expect(during.shiftKey).toBe(
+        `${SCHEDULE}:${Math.floor(OVERRIDE_START.getTime() / 1000)}`,
+      );
+      expect(
+        new Set(
+          day.map((s: MaterializedShift) => {
+            return s.shiftKey;
+          }),
+        ).size,
+      ).toBe(3);
+    });
+
+    test("cross-check: paging pages the substitute during the override and the original outside it", async () => {
+      const { db } = await overrideDb();
+      const result: MaterializeResult = await materializeSchedule(db);
+
+      await crossCheck({
+        shifts: result.shifts,
+        now: at("2026-03-03T12:00:00Z"),
+        policyId: "P1",
+      });
+      await crossCheck({
+        shifts: result.shifts,
+        now: at("2026-03-03T10:30:00Z"),
+        policyId: "P1",
+      });
+      await crossCheck({
+        shifts: result.shifts,
+        now: at("2026-03-03T13:30:00Z"),
+        policyId: "P1",
+      });
+    });
+
+    test("substitute who is NOT a member: covering shift appears only with includeCoveringShifts", async () => {
+      const { db } = await overrideDb();
+      installFakeDb(db);
+
+      const covering: MaterializeResult =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForUser({
+          userId: oid("D"),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          now: NOW,
+          includeCoveringShifts: true,
+        });
+
+      expect(covering.shifts).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(covering.shifts[0]!.userId).toBe("D");
+      expect(covering.shifts[0]!.override?.originalUserId).toBeDefined();
+      expect(
+        covering.schedules.map((s: MaterializedScheduleInfo) => {
+          return s.scheduleId;
+        }),
+      ).toEqual([SCHEDULE]);
+
+      const own: MaterializeResult =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForUser({
+          userId: oid("D"),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          now: NOW,
+          includeCoveringShifts: false,
+        });
+
+      expect(own.shifts).toEqual([]);
+      expect(own.schedules).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    test("the overridden user's own feed loses the middle block", async () => {
+      const { db, original } = await overrideDb();
+      installFakeDb(db);
+
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForUser({
+          userId: oid(original),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          now: NOW,
+          includeCoveringShifts: true,
+        });
+
+      for (const shift of result.shifts) {
+        expect(shift.userId).toBe(original);
+      }
+      expect(coveringShift(result.shifts, NOW)).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(
+        coveringShift(result.shifts, at("2026-03-03T10:00:00Z")),
+      ).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("multi-policy schedule with a policy-scoped override (fixture C)", () => {
+    const OVERRIDE_START: Date = at("2026-03-03T09:00:00Z");
+    const OVERRIDE_END: Date = at("2026-03-03T17:00:00Z");
+
+    async function twoPolicyDb(): Promise<{ db: FakeDb; original: string }> {
+      const baseline: MaterializeResult =
+        await materializeSchedule(multiLayerDb());
+      const original: string = coveringShift(baseline.shifts, NOW)!.userId;
+      jest.restoreAllMocks();
+      jest.spyOn(logger, "error").mockImplementation((): void => {
+        return undefined;
+      });
+
+      const db: FakeDb = multiLayerDb();
+      db.attachments.push(
+        makeAttachment({
+          id: "att-2",
+          scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          policyId: "P2",
+          policyName: "Checkout Policy",
+          ruleId: "R2",
+          ruleName: "Checkout rule",
+          ruleOrder: 1,
+        }),
+      );
+      db.overrides.push(
+        makeOverride({
+          id: "ov-scoped",
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          overrideUserId: original,
+          routeAlertsToUserId: "E",
+          startsAt: OVERRIDE_START,
+          endsAt: OVERRIDE_END,
+          policyId: "P1",
+        }),
+      );
+      return { db, original };
+    }
+
+    test("emits the base shift for the rostered user plus ONE policy-variant shift for the substitute", async () => {
+      const { db, original } = await twoPolicyDb();
+      const result: MaterializeResult = await materializeSchedule(db);
+
+      const base: MaterializedShift = coveringShift(result.shifts, NOW)!;
+      expect(base.userId).toBe(original);
+      expect(base.override).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(base.policyVariantOf).toBeUndefined();
+      expect(
+        base.policies
+          .map((p: MaterializedShiftPolicy) => {
+            return p.policyId;
+          })
+          .sort(),
+      ).toEqual(["P1", "P2"]);
+
+      const variants: Array<MaterializedShift> = result.shifts.filter(
+        (s: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return Boolean(s.policyVariantOf);
+        },
+      );
+      expect(variants).toHaveLength(1);
+
+      const variant: MaterializedShift = variants[0]!;
+      expect(variant.userId).toBe("E");
+      expect(variant.userName).toBe("Erin");
+      expect(variant.start).toEqual(OVERRIDE_START);
+      expect(variant.end).toEqual(OVERRIDE_END);
+      expect(variant.policyVariantOf).toEqual({
+        policyId: "P1",
+        policyName: "Payments Policy",
+        globalUserId: original,
+      });
+      expect(variant.override).toMatchObject({
+        originalUserId: original,
+        overrideStartsAt: OVERRIDE_START,
+        overrideEndsAt: OVERRIDE_END,
+        onCallDutyPolicyId: "P1",
+      });
+      expect(variant.shiftKey).toBe(
+        `${SCHEDULE}:${Math.floor(OVERRIDE_START.getTime() / 1000)}:P1`,
+      );
+      expect(variant.shiftKey).not.toBe(base.shiftKey);
+      expect(
+        variant.policies
+          .map((p: MaterializedShiftPolicy) => {
+            return p.policyId;
+          })
+          .sort(),
+      ).toEqual(["P1", "P2"]);
+    });
+
+    test("filterShiftsForUser gives the substitute the variant and the original the base shift", async () => {
+      const { db, original } = await twoPolicyDb();
+      const result: MaterializeResult = await materializeSchedule(db);
+
+      const forE: Array<MaterializedShift> =
+        OnCallShiftMaterializer.filterShiftsForUser(result.shifts, oid("E"));
+      expect(forE).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(forE[0]!.policyVariantOf?.policyId).toBe("P1");
+
+      const forOriginal: Array<MaterializedShift> =
+        OnCallShiftMaterializer.filterShiftsForUser(result.shifts, original);
+      expect(coveringShift(forOriginal, NOW)).toBeDefined();
+      expect(
+        forOriginal.every((s: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return s.userId === original;
+        }),
+      ).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("cross-check: paging with P1 pages the substitute, paging with P2 pages the rostered user", async () => {
+      const { db } = await twoPolicyDb();
+      const result: MaterializeResult = await materializeSchedule(db);
+
+      await crossCheck({ shifts: result.shifts, now: NOW, policyId: "P1" });
+      await crossCheck({ shifts: result.shifts, now: NOW, policyId: "P2" });
+
+      jest.spyOn(OneUptimeDate, "getCurrentDate").mockReturnValue(NOW);
+      const viaP1: ObjectID | null =
+        await OnCallDutyPolicyScheduleService.getCurrentUserIdInSchedule(
+          oid(SCHEDULE),
+          { onCallDutyPolicyId: oid("P1") },
+        );
+      const viaP2: ObjectID | null =
+        await OnCallDutyPolicyScheduleService.getCurrentUserIdInSchedule(
+          oid(SCHEDULE),
+          { onCallDutyPolicyId: oid("P2") },
+        );
+      expect(viaP1?.toString()).toBe("E");
+      expect(viaP2?.toString()).not.toBe("E");
+    });
+
+    test("the substitute's personal feed carries the variant even though they are not a member", async () => {
+      const { db } = await twoPolicyDb();
+      installFakeDb(db);
+
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForUser({
+          userId: oid("E"),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          now: NOW,
+          includeCoveringShifts: true,
+        });
+
+      expect(result.shifts).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result.shifts[0]!.policyVariantOf?.policyId).toBe("P1");
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("the audit seam fixture: A[10:00-11:00], B[11:00:01-12:00] over a 24x7 fallback", () => {
+    function seamDb(): FakeDb {
+      const db: FakeDb = emptyDb();
+      db.schedules.push(
+        makeSchedule({
+          id: SCHEDULE,
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          name: "Seams",
+          timezone: UTC,
+        }),
+      );
+      db.layers.push(
+        makeLayer({
+          id: "layer-hourly",
+          scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          name: "Hourly",
+          order: 1,
+          startsAt: at("2026-03-02T00:00:00Z"),
+          handOffTime: at("2026-03-02T11:00:00Z"),
+          rotation: rotation(EventInterval.Hour, 1),
+          restrictionTimes: dailyRestriction("10:00", "12:00", UTC),
+        }),
+        makeLayer({
+          id: "layer-24x7",
+          scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          name: "Always",
+          order: 2,
+          startsAt: at("2026-03-02T00:00:00Z"),
+          handOffTime: at("2026-03-02T00:00:00Z"),
+          rotation: rotation(EventInterval.Week, 1),
+        }),
+      );
+      db.layerUsers.push(
+        makeLayerUser({
+          id: "lu-a",
+          scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+          layerId: "layer-hourly",
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          userId: "A",
+          order: 1,
+        }),
+        makeLayerUser({
+          id: "lu-b",
+          scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+          layerId: "layer-hourly",
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          userId: "B",
+          order: 2,
+        }),
+        makeLayerUser({
+          id: "lu-c",
+          scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+          layerId: "layer-24x7",
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          userId: "C",
+          order: 1,
+        }),
+      );
+      return db;
+    }
+
+    test("the one-second seam disappears: the two hourly blocks touch exactly at 11:00:00", async () => {
+      const result: MaterializeResult = await materializeSchedule(seamDb());
+
+      const day: Array<MaterializedShift> = baseShifts(result.shifts).filter(
+        (shift: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return shift.layerName === "Hourly" && shift.start.getUTCDate() === 3;
+        },
+      );
+
+      expect(
+        day.map((s: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return [s.userId, s.start.toISOString(), s.end.toISOString()];
+        }),
+      ).toEqual([
+        ["A", "2026-03-03T10:00:00.000Z", "2026-03-03T11:00:00.000Z"],
+        ["B", "2026-03-03T11:00:00.000Z", "2026-03-03T12:00:00.000Z"],
+      ]);
+
+      const around: MaterializedShift = coveringShift(
+        result.shifts,
+        at("2026-03-03T09:59:00Z"),
+      )!;
+      expect(around.userId).toBe("C");
+      expect(around.end.toISOString()).toBe("2026-03-03T10:00:00.000Z");
+    });
+
+    test("cross-check at 11:30 pages B; at 12:30 pages C", async () => {
+      const result: MaterializeResult = await materializeSchedule(seamDb());
+      await crossCheck({
+        shifts: result.shifts,
+        now: at("2026-03-03T11:30:00Z"),
+      });
+      await crossCheck({
+        shifts: result.shifts,
+        now: at("2026-03-03T12:30:00Z"),
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("toShifts / diffPolicyVariant (pure helpers)", () => {
+    test("toShifts drops empty segments and normalises seams", () => {
+      const shifts: Array<OnCallShift> = OnCallShiftMaterializer.toShifts([
+        {
+          id: 1,
+          title: "A",
+          start: at("2026-03-03T09:00:01Z"),
+          end: at("2026-03-03T10:59:59Z"),
+          allDay: false,
+        },
+        {
+          id: 2,
+          title: "B",
+          start: at("2026-03-03T11:00:00Z"),
+          end: at("2026-03-03T11:00:00Z"),
+          allDay: false,
+        },
+        {
+          id: 3,
+          title: "B",
+          start: at("2026-03-03T11:00:01Z"),
+          end: at("2026-03-03T12:00:00Z"),
+          allDay: false,
+        },
+      ] as Array<CalendarEvent>);
+
+      expect(
+        shifts.map((s: OnCallShift) => {
+          return [s.userId, s.start.toISOString(), s.end.toISOString()];
+        }),
+      ).toEqual([
+        ["A", "2026-03-03T09:00:00.000Z", "2026-03-03T11:00:00.000Z"],
+        ["B", "2026-03-03T11:00:00.000Z", "2026-03-03T12:00:00.000Z"],
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    test("diffPolicyVariant keeps only intervals where a different person is on call", () => {
+      const base: Array<OnCallShift> = [
+        {
+          userId: "A",
+          start: at("2026-03-03T09:00:00Z"),
+          end: at("2026-03-03T17:00:00Z"),
+          coverageSeconds: 8 * 3600,
+        },
+      ];
+      const variant: Array<OnCallShift> = [
+        {
+          userId: "A",
+          start: at("2026-03-03T09:00:00Z"),
+          end: at("2026-03-03T12:00:00Z"),
+          coverageSeconds: 3 * 3600,
+        },
+        {
+          userId: "B",
+          start: at("2026-03-03T12:00:00Z"),
+          end: at("2026-03-03T13:00:00Z"),
+          coverageSeconds: 3600,
+        },
+        {
+          userId: "A",
+          start: at("2026-03-03T13:00:00Z"),
+          end: at("2026-03-03T17:00:00Z"),
+          coverageSeconds: 4 * 3600,
+        },
+        // No base coverage at all here: kept, attributed to the variant itself.
+        {
+          userId: "Z",
+          start: at("2026-03-03T18:00:00Z"),
+          end: at("2026-03-03T19:00:00Z"),
+          coverageSeconds: 3600,
+        },
+      ];
+
+      const diff: Array<{ shift: OnCallShift; globalUserId: string }> =
+        OnCallShiftMaterializer.diffPolicyVariant(base, variant);
+
+      expect(
+        diff.map((d: { shift: OnCallShift; globalUserId: string }) => {
+          return [d.shift.userId, d.globalUserId];
+        }),
+      ).toEqual([
+        ["B", "A"],
+        ["Z", "Z"],
+      ]);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("materializeForProject / materializeForUser scoping", () => {
+    function twoScheduleDb(): FakeDb {
+      const db: FakeDb = multiLayerDb();
+      db.schedules.push(
+        makeSchedule({
+          id: SCHEDULE_2,
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          name: "Checkout",
+          timezone: UTC,
+        }),
+      );
+      db.layers.push(
+        makeLayer({
+          id: "layer-s2",
+          scheduleId: SCHEDULE_2,
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          name: "Solo",
+          startsAt: at("2026-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
+          handOffTime: at("2026-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
+          rotation: rotation(EventInterval.Day, 1),
+        }),
+      );
+      db.layerUsers.push(
+        makeLayerUser({
+          id: "lu-f",
+          scheduleId: SCHEDULE_2,
+          layerId: "layer-s2",
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          userId: "F",
+        }),
+      );
+      return db;
+    }
+
+    test("materializeForProject covers every schedule in the project", async () => {
+      installFakeDb(twoScheduleDb());
+
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForProject({
+          projectId: oid(PROJECT),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          now: NOW,
+        });
+
+      expect(
+        result.schedules
+          .map((s: MaterializedScheduleInfo) => {
+            return s.scheduleId;
+          })
+          .sort(),
+      ).toEqual([SCHEDULE, SCHEDULE_2]);
+      expect(
+        result.shifts.some((s: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return s.scheduleId === SCHEDULE;
+        }),
+      ).toBe(true);
+      expect(
+        result.shifts.some((s: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return s.scheduleId === SCHEDULE_2 && s.userId === "F";
+        }),
+      ).toBe(true);
+
+      // Sorted by start across schedules.
+      for (let i: number = 1; i < result.shifts.length; i++) {
+        expect(result.shifts[i]!.start.getTime()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(
+          result.shifts[i - 1]!.start.getTime(),
+        );
+      }
+    });
+
+    test("materializeForUser: only the user's own shifts, from every schedule they are on", async () => {
+      installFakeDb(twoScheduleDb());
+
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForUser({
+          userId: oid("A"),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          now: NOW,
+          includeCoveringShifts: true,
+        });
+
+      expect(result.shifts.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect(
+        result.shifts.every((s: MaterializedShift) => {
+          return s.userId === "A";
+        }),
+      ).toBe(true);
+      expect(
+        result.schedules.map((s: MaterializedScheduleInfo) => {
+          return s.scheduleId;
+        }),
+      ).toEqual([SCHEDULE]);
+    });
+
+    test("materializeForUser honours the scheduleId filter", async () => {
+      installFakeDb(twoScheduleDb());
+
+      const other: MaterializeResult =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForUser({
+          userId: oid("A"),
+          scheduleId: oid(SCHEDULE_2),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          now: NOW,
+          includeCoveringShifts: true,
+        });
+      expect(other.shifts).toEqual([]);
+
+      const own: MaterializeResult =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForUser({
+          userId: oid("A"),
+          scheduleId: oid(SCHEDULE),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          now: NOW,
+          includeCoveringShifts: true,
+        });
+      expect(own.shifts.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    });
+
+    test("materializeForUser honours the projectIds filter", async () => {
+      installFakeDb(twoScheduleDb());
+
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForUser({
+          userId: oid("A"),
+          projectIds: [oid("some-other-project")],
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          now: NOW,
+          includeCoveringShifts: true,
+        });
+
+      expect(result.shifts).toEqual([]);
+      expect(OnCallDutyPolicyUserOverrideService.findBy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(
+        1,
+      );
+    });
+
+    test("getCandidateScheduleIdsForUser: own schedules plus covered schedules, deduped", async () => {
+      const db: FakeDb = twoScheduleDb();
+      db.overrides.push(
+        makeOverride({
+          id: "ov-cover",
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          overrideUserId: "F",
+          routeAlertsToUserId: "A",
+          startsAt: at("2026-03-03T00:00:00Z"),
+          endsAt: at("2026-03-04T00:00:00Z"),
+        }),
+        // Outside the window: must not pull in schedule 2 on its own.
+        makeOverride({
+          id: "ov-far",
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          overrideUserId: "F",
+          routeAlertsToUserId: "B",
+          startsAt: at("2026-06-01T00:00:00Z"),
+          endsAt: at("2026-06-02T00:00:00Z"),
+        }),
+      );
+      installFakeDb(db);
+
+      const forA: Array<ObjectID> =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.getCandidateScheduleIdsForUser({
+          userId: oid("A"),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          includeCoveringShifts: true,
+        });
+      expect(ids(forA).sort()).toEqual([SCHEDULE, SCHEDULE_2]);
+
+      const forB: Array<ObjectID> =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.getCandidateScheduleIdsForUser({
+          userId: oid("B"),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          includeCoveringShifts: true,
+        });
+      expect(ids(forB)).toEqual([SCHEDULE]);
+
+      const forAOwnOnly: Array<ObjectID> =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.getCandidateScheduleIdsForUser({
+          userId: oid("A"),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          includeCoveringShifts: false,
+        });
+      expect(ids(forAOwnOnly)).toEqual([SCHEDULE]);
+    });
+
+    /*
+     * The batched form the reminder sweep uses: the same answer for a whole
+     * group of users in the same 2-3 queries it takes for one, which is what
+     * keeps a five-minute tick from issuing 2-3 queries PER reminded user.
+     */
+    test("getCandidateScheduleIdsForUsers: one batched lookup answers every user, with coverage kept per user", async () => {
+      const db: FakeDb = twoScheduleDb();
+      db.overrides.push(
+        makeOverride({
+          id: "ov-cover",
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          overrideUserId: "F",
+          routeAlertsToUserId: "A",
+          startsAt: at("2026-03-03T00:00:00Z"),
+          endsAt: at("2026-03-04T00:00:00Z"),
+        }),
+      );
+      installFakeDb(db);
+
+      const byUser: Map<
+        string,
+        Array<ObjectID>
+      > = await OnCallShiftMaterializer.getCandidateScheduleIdsForUsers({
+        userIds: [oid("A"), oid("B"), oid("nobody")],
+        windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+        windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+        includeCoveringShifts: true,
+      });
+
+      // A is on schedule 1 and covers F, who is on schedule 2.
+      expect(ids(byUser.get("A") || []).sort()).toEqual([SCHEDULE, SCHEDULE_2]);
+      // B is on schedule 1 only: A's coverage never leaks into B's list.
+      expect(ids(byUser.get("B") || [])).toEqual([SCHEDULE]);
+      // Every requested user gets an entry, even with nothing to show.
+      expect(byUser.has("nobody")).toBe(true);
+      expect(byUser.get("nobody")).toEqual([]);
+
+      // Two layer-user queries and ONE override query for all three users.
+      expect(OnCallDutyPolicyUserOverrideService.findBy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(
+        1,
+      );
+      expect(
+        OnCallDutyPolicyScheduleLayerUserService.findBy,
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    });
+
+    test("getCandidateScheduleIdsForUsers: no users means no queries at all", async () => {
+      installFakeDb(twoScheduleDb());
+
+      const byUser: Map<
+        string,
+        Array<ObjectID>
+      > = await OnCallShiftMaterializer.getCandidateScheduleIdsForUsers({
+        userIds: [],
+        windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+        windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+        includeCoveringShifts: true,
+      });
+
+      expect(byUser.size).toBe(0);
+      expect(
+        OnCallDutyPolicyScheduleLayerUserService.findBy,
+      ).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+      expect(OnCallDutyPolicyUserOverrideService.findBy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(
+        0,
+      );
+    });
+
+    test("getCandidateScheduleIdsForUsers honours the scheduleId narrowing for every user", async () => {
+      installFakeDb(twoScheduleDb());
+
+      const byUser: Map<
+        string,
+        Array<ObjectID>
+      > = await OnCallShiftMaterializer.getCandidateScheduleIdsForUsers({
+        userIds: [oid("A"), oid("F")],
+        scheduleId: oid(SCHEDULE_2),
+        windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+        windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+        includeCoveringShifts: false,
+      });
+
+      expect(ids(byUser.get("A") || [])).toEqual([]);
+      expect(ids(byUser.get("F") || [])).toEqual([SCHEDULE_2]);
+    });
+
+    test("an empty project yields an empty result", async () => {
+      installFakeDb(emptyDb());
+
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForProject({
+          projectId: oid("empty-project"),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          now: NOW,
+        });
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        shifts: [],
+        truncated: false,
+        schedules: [],
+        users: [],
+        generatedAt: NOW,
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("truncation and validation", () => {
+    test("propagates truncated from the resolver", async () => {
+      const db: FakeDb = emptyDb();
+      db.schedules.push(
+        makeSchedule({ id: SCHEDULE, projectId: PROJECT, timezone: UTC }),
+      );
+      db.layers.push(
+        makeLayer({
+          id: "layer-old",
+          scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          startsAt: at("2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
+          handOffTime: at("2020-01-01T09:00:00Z"),
+          rotation: rotation(EventInterval.Hour, 1),
+          restrictionTimes: dailyRestriction("09:00", "17:00", UTC),
+        }),
+      );
+      db.layerUsers.push(
+        makeLayerUser({
+          id: "lu-q",
+          scheduleId: SCHEDULE,
+          layerId: "layer-old",
+          projectId: PROJECT,
+          userId: "Q",
+        }),
+      );
+
+      const result: MaterializeResult = await materializeSchedule(db, {
+        maxSimulationIterations: 10,
+      });
+
+      expect(result.truncated).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.schedules[0]!.truncated).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("rejects an inverted or invalid window", async () => {
+      installFakeDb(multiLayerDb());
+
+      await expect(
+        OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForSchedule({
+          scheduleId: oid(SCHEDULE),
+          windowStart: WINDOW_END,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_START,
+        }),
+      ).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(BadDataException);
+
+      await expect(
+        OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForUser({
+          userId: oid("A"),
+          windowStart: new Date("nonsense"),
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          includeCoveringShifts: true,
+        }),
+      ).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(BadDataException);
+    });
+
+    test("unknown schedules materialize to an empty result", async () => {
+      installFakeDb(multiLayerDb());
+
+      const result: MaterializeResult =
+        await OnCallShiftMaterializer.materializeForSchedules({
+          scheduleIds: [oid("missing")],
+          windowStart: WINDOW_START,
+          windowEnd: WINDOW_END,
+          now: NOW,
+        });
+
+      expect(result.shifts).toEqual([]);
+      expect(result.schedules).toEqual([]);
+    });
+  });
+});