@olives/devos 2.1.0

package/.agents/skills/imagegen/scripts/image_gen.py

@@ -0,0 +1,926 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Fallback CLI for explicit image generation or editing with GPT Image models.
+
+Used only when the user explicitly opts into CLI fallback mode.
+
+Defaults to gpt-image-1.5 and a structured prompt augmentation workflow.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import asyncio
+import base64
+import json
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import sys
+import time
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from io import BytesIO
+
+DEFAULT_MODEL = "gpt-image-1.5"
+DEFAULT_SIZE = "1024x1024"
+DEFAULT_QUALITY = "auto"
+DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT = "png"
+DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY = 5
+DEFAULT_DOWNSCALE_SUFFIX = "-web"
+DEFAULT_OUTPUT_PATH = "output/imagegen/output.png"
+GPT_IMAGE_MODEL_PREFIX = "gpt-image-"
+
+ALLOWED_SIZES = {"1024x1024", "1536x1024", "1024x1536", "auto"}
+ALLOWED_QUALITIES = {"low", "medium", "high", "auto"}
+ALLOWED_BACKGROUNDS = {"transparent", "opaque", "auto", None}
+ALLOWED_INPUT_FIDELITIES = {"low", "high", None}
+
+MAX_IMAGE_BYTES = 50 * 1024 * 1024
+MAX_BATCH_JOBS = 500
+
+
+def _die(message: str, code: int = 1) -> None:
+    print(f"Error: {message}", file=sys.stderr)
+    raise SystemExit(code)
+
+
+def _warn(message: str) -> None:
+    print(f"Warning: {message}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+
+def _dependency_hint(package: str, *, upgrade: bool = False) -> str:
+    command = f"uv pip install {'-U ' if upgrade else ''}{package}"
+    return (
+        "Activate the repo-selected environment first, then install it with "
+        f"`{command}`. If this repo uses a local virtualenv, start with "
+        "`source .venv/bin/activate`; otherwise use this repo's configured shared fallback "
+        "environment. If your project declares dependencies, prefer that project's normal "
+        "`uv sync` flow."
+    )
+
+
+def _ensure_api_key(dry_run: bool) -> None:
+    if os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"):
+        print("OPENAI_API_KEY is set.", file=sys.stderr)
+        return
+    if dry_run:
+        _warn("OPENAI_API_KEY is not set; dry-run only.")
+        return
+    _die("OPENAI_API_KEY is not set. Export it before running.")
+
+
+def _read_prompt(prompt: Optional[str], prompt_file: Optional[str]) -> str:
+    if prompt and prompt_file:
+        _die("Use --prompt or --prompt-file, not both.")
+    if prompt_file:
+        path = Path(prompt_file)
+        if not path.exists():
+            _die(f"Prompt file not found: {path}")
+        return path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").strip()
+    if prompt:
+        return prompt.strip()
+    _die("Missing prompt. Use --prompt or --prompt-file.")
+    return ""  # unreachable
+
+
+def _check_image_paths(paths: Iterable[str]) -> List[Path]:
+    resolved: List[Path] = []
+    for raw in paths:
+        path = Path(raw)
+        if not path.exists():
+            _die(f"Image file not found: {path}")
+        if path.stat().st_size > MAX_IMAGE_BYTES:
+            _warn(f"Image exceeds 50MB limit: {path}")
+        resolved.append(path)
+    return resolved
+
+
+def _normalize_output_format(fmt: Optional[str]) -> str:
+    if not fmt:
+        return DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FORMAT
+    fmt = fmt.lower()
+    if fmt not in {"png", "jpeg", "jpg", "webp"}:
+        _die("output-format must be png, jpeg, jpg, or webp.")
+    return "jpeg" if fmt == "jpg" else fmt
+
+
+def _validate_size(size: str) -> None:
+    if size not in ALLOWED_SIZES:
+        _die(
+            "size must be one of 1024x1024, 1536x1024, 1024x1536, or auto for GPT image models."
+        )
+
+
+def _validate_quality(quality: str) -> None:
+    if quality not in ALLOWED_QUALITIES:
+        _die("quality must be one of low, medium, high, or auto.")
+
+
+def _validate_background(background: Optional[str]) -> None:
+    if background not in ALLOWED_BACKGROUNDS:
+        _die("background must be one of transparent, opaque, or auto.")
+
+
+def _validate_input_fidelity(input_fidelity: Optional[str]) -> None:
+    if input_fidelity not in ALLOWED_INPUT_FIDELITIES:
+        _die("input-fidelity must be one of low or high.")
+
+
+def _validate_model(model: str) -> None:
+    if not model.startswith(GPT_IMAGE_MODEL_PREFIX):
+        _die(
+            "model must be a GPT Image model (for example gpt-image-1.5, gpt-image-1, or gpt-image-1-mini)."
+        )
+
+
+def _validate_transparency(background: Optional[str], output_format: str) -> None:
+    if background == "transparent" and output_format not in {"png", "webp"}:
+        _die("transparent background requires output-format png or webp.")
+
+
+def _validate_generate_payload(payload: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    _validate_model(str(payload.get("model", DEFAULT_MODEL)))
+    n = int(payload.get("n", 1))
+    if n < 1 or n > 10:
+        _die("n must be between 1 and 10")
+    size = str(payload.get("size", DEFAULT_SIZE))
+    quality = str(payload.get("quality", DEFAULT_QUALITY))
+    background = payload.get("background")
+    _validate_size(size)
+    _validate_quality(quality)
+    _validate_background(background)
+    oc = payload.get("output_compression")
+    if oc is not None and not (0 <= int(oc) <= 100):
+        _die("output_compression must be between 0 and 100")
+
+
+def _build_output_paths(
+    out: str,
+    output_format: str,
+    count: int,
+    out_dir: Optional[str],
+) -> List[Path]:
+    ext = "." + output_format
+
+    if out_dir:
+        out_base = Path(out_dir)
+        out_base.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        return [out_base / f"image_{i}{ext}" for i in range(1, count + 1)]
+
+    out_path = Path(out)
+    if out_path.exists() and out_path.is_dir():
+        out_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        return [out_path / f"image_{i}{ext}" for i in range(1, count + 1)]
+
+    if out_path.suffix == "":
+        out_path = out_path.with_suffix(ext)
+    elif output_format and out_path.suffix.lstrip(".").lower() != output_format:
+        _warn(
+            f"Output extension {out_path.suffix} does not match output-format {output_format}."
+        )
+
+    if count == 1:
+        return [out_path]
+
+    return [
+        out_path.with_name(f"{out_path.stem}-{i}{out_path.suffix}")
+        for i in range(1, count + 1)
+    ]
+
+
+def _augment_prompt(args: argparse.Namespace, prompt: str) -> str:
+    fields = _fields_from_args(args)
+    return _augment_prompt_fields(args.augment, prompt, fields)
+
+
+def _augment_prompt_fields(augment: bool, prompt: str, fields: Dict[str, Optional[str]]) -> str:
+    if not augment:
+        return prompt
+
+    sections: List[str] = []
+    if fields.get("use_case"):
+        sections.append(f"Use case: {fields['use_case']}")
+    sections.append(f"Primary request: {prompt}")
+    if fields.get("scene"):
+        sections.append(f"Scene/background: {fields['scene']}")
+    if fields.get("subject"):
+        sections.append(f"Subject: {fields['subject']}")
+    if fields.get("style"):
+        sections.append(f"Style/medium: {fields['style']}")
+    if fields.get("composition"):
+        sections.append(f"Composition/framing: {fields['composition']}")
+    if fields.get("lighting"):
+        sections.append(f"Lighting/mood: {fields['lighting']}")
+    if fields.get("palette"):
+        sections.append(f"Color palette: {fields['palette']}")
+    if fields.get("materials"):
+        sections.append(f"Materials/textures: {fields['materials']}")
+    if fields.get("text"):
+        sections.append(f"Text (verbatim): \"{fields['text']}\"")
+    if fields.get("constraints"):
+        sections.append(f"Constraints: {fields['constraints']}")
+    if fields.get("negative"):
+        sections.append(f"Avoid: {fields['negative']}")
+
+    return "\n".join(sections)
+
+
+def _fields_from_args(args: argparse.Namespace) -> Dict[str, Optional[str]]:
+    return {
+        "use_case": getattr(args, "use_case", None),
+        "scene": getattr(args, "scene", None),
+        "subject": getattr(args, "subject", None),
+        "style": getattr(args, "style", None),
+        "composition": getattr(args, "composition", None),
+        "lighting": getattr(args, "lighting", None),
+        "palette": getattr(args, "palette", None),
+        "materials": getattr(args, "materials", None),
+        "text": getattr(args, "text", None),
+        "constraints": getattr(args, "constraints", None),
+        "negative": getattr(args, "negative", None),
+    }
+
+
+def _print_request(payload: dict) -> None:
+    print(json.dumps(payload, indent=2, sort_keys=True))
+
+
+def _decode_and_write(images: List[str], outputs: List[Path], force: bool) -> None:
+    for idx, image_b64 in enumerate(images):
+        if idx >= len(outputs):
+            break
+        out_path = outputs[idx]
+        if out_path.exists() and not force:
+            _die(f"Output already exists: {out_path} (use --force to overwrite)")
+        out_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        out_path.write_bytes(base64.b64decode(image_b64))
+        print(f"Wrote {out_path}")
+
+
+def _derive_downscale_path(path: Path, suffix: str) -> Path:
+    if suffix and not suffix.startswith("-") and not suffix.startswith("_"):
+        suffix = "-" + suffix
+    return path.with_name(f"{path.stem}{suffix}{path.suffix}")
+
+
+def _downscale_image_bytes(image_bytes: bytes, *, max_dim: int, output_format: str) -> bytes:
+    try:
+        from PIL import Image
+    except Exception:
+        _die(f"Downscaling requires Pillow. {_dependency_hint('pillow')}")
+
+    if max_dim < 1:
+        _die("--downscale-max-dim must be >= 1")
+
+    with Image.open(BytesIO(image_bytes)) as img:
+        img.load()
+        w, h = img.size
+        scale = min(1.0, float(max_dim) / float(max(w, h)))
+        target = (max(1, int(round(w * scale))), max(1, int(round(h * scale))))
+
+        resized = img if target == (w, h) else img.resize(target, Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
+
+        fmt = output_format.lower()
+        if fmt == "jpg":
+            fmt = "jpeg"
+
+        if fmt == "jpeg":
+            if resized.mode in ("RGBA", "LA") or ("transparency" in getattr(resized, "info", {})):
+                bg = Image.new("RGB", resized.size, (255, 255, 255))
+                bg.paste(resized.convert("RGBA"), mask=resized.convert("RGBA").split()[-1])
+                resized = bg
+            else:
+                resized = resized.convert("RGB")
+
+        out = BytesIO()
+        resized.save(out, format=fmt.upper())
+        return out.getvalue()
+
+
+def _decode_write_and_downscale(
+    images: List[str],
+    outputs: List[Path],
+    *,
+    force: bool,
+    downscale_max_dim: Optional[int],
+    downscale_suffix: str,
+    output_format: str,
+) -> None:
+    for idx, image_b64 in enumerate(images):
+        if idx >= len(outputs):
+            break
+        out_path = outputs[idx]
+        if out_path.exists() and not force:
+            _die(f"Output already exists: {out_path} (use --force to overwrite)")
+        out_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        raw = base64.b64decode(image_b64)
+        out_path.write_bytes(raw)
+        print(f"Wrote {out_path}")
+
+        if downscale_max_dim is None:
+            continue
+
+        derived = _derive_downscale_path(out_path, downscale_suffix)
+        if derived.exists() and not force:
+            _die(f"Output already exists: {derived} (use --force to overwrite)")
+        derived.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        resized = _downscale_image_bytes(raw, max_dim=downscale_max_dim, output_format=output_format)
+        derived.write_bytes(resized)
+        print(f"Wrote {derived}")
+
+
+def _create_client():
+    try:
+        from openai import OpenAI
+    except ImportError:
+        _die(f"openai SDK not installed in the active environment. {_dependency_hint('openai')}")
+    return OpenAI()
+
+
+def _create_async_client():
+    try:
+        from openai import AsyncOpenAI
+    except ImportError:
+        try:
+            import openai as _openai  # noqa: F401
+        except ImportError:
+            _die(
+                f"openai SDK not installed in the active environment. {_dependency_hint('openai')}"
+            )
+        _die(
+            "AsyncOpenAI not available in this openai SDK version. "
+            f"{_dependency_hint('openai', upgrade=True)}"
+        )
+    return AsyncOpenAI()
+
+
+def _slugify(value: str) -> str:
+    value = value.strip().lower()
+    value = re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9]+", "-", value)
+    value = re.sub(r"-{2,}", "-", value).strip("-")
+    return value[:60] if value else "job"
+
+
+def _normalize_job(job: Any, idx: int) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    if isinstance(job, str):
+        prompt = job.strip()
+        if not prompt:
+            _die(f"Empty prompt at job {idx}")
+        return {"prompt": prompt}
+    if isinstance(job, dict):
+        if "prompt" not in job or not str(job["prompt"]).strip():
+            _die(f"Missing prompt for job {idx}")
+        return job
+    _die(f"Invalid job at index {idx}: expected string or object.")
+    return {}  # unreachable
+
+
+def _read_jobs_jsonl(path: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    p = Path(path)
+    if not p.exists():
+        _die(f"Input file not found: {p}")
+    jobs: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+    for line_no, raw in enumerate(p.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines(), start=1):
+        line = raw.strip()
+        if not line or line.startswith("#"):
+            continue
+        try:
+            item: Any
+            if line.startswith("{"):
+                item = json.loads(line)
+            else:
+                item = line
+            jobs.append(_normalize_job(item, idx=line_no))
+        except json.JSONDecodeError as exc:
+            _die(f"Invalid JSON on line {line_no}: {exc}")
+    if not jobs:
+        _die("No jobs found in input file.")
+    if len(jobs) > MAX_BATCH_JOBS:
+        _die(f"Too many jobs ({len(jobs)}). Max is {MAX_BATCH_JOBS}.")
+    return jobs
+
+
+def _merge_non_null(dst: Dict[str, Any], src: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    merged = dict(dst)
+    for k, v in src.items():
+        if v is not None:
+            merged[k] = v
+    return merged
+
+
+def _job_output_paths(
+    *,
+    out_dir: Path,
+    output_format: str,
+    idx: int,
+    prompt: str,
+    n: int,
+    explicit_out: Optional[str],
+) -> List[Path]:
+    out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    ext = "." + output_format
+
+    if explicit_out:
+        base = Path(explicit_out)
+        if base.suffix == "":
+            base = base.with_suffix(ext)
+        elif base.suffix.lstrip(".").lower() != output_format:
+            _warn(
+                f"Job {idx}: output extension {base.suffix} does not match output-format {output_format}."
+            )
+        base = out_dir / base.name
+    else:
+        slug = _slugify(prompt[:80])
+        base = out_dir / f"{idx:03d}-{slug}{ext}"
+
+    if n == 1:
+        return [base]
+    return [
+        base.with_name(f"{base.stem}-{i}{base.suffix}")
+        for i in range(1, n + 1)
+    ]
+
+
+def _extract_retry_after_seconds(exc: Exception) -> Optional[float]:
+    # Best-effort: openai SDK errors vary by version. Prefer a conservative fallback.
+    for attr in ("retry_after", "retry_after_seconds"):
+        val = getattr(exc, attr, None)
+        if isinstance(val, (int, float)) and val >= 0:
+            return float(val)
+    msg = str(exc)
+    m = re.search(r"retry[- ]after[:= ]+([0-9]+(?:\\.[0-9]+)?)", msg, re.IGNORECASE)
+    if m:
+        try:
+            return float(m.group(1))
+        except Exception:
+            return None
+    return None
+
+
+def _is_rate_limit_error(exc: Exception) -> bool:
+    name = exc.__class__.__name__.lower()
+    if "ratelimit" in name or "rate_limit" in name:
+        return True
+    msg = str(exc).lower()
+    return "429" in msg or "rate limit" in msg or "too many requests" in msg
+
+
+def _is_transient_error(exc: Exception) -> bool:
+    if _is_rate_limit_error(exc):
+        return True
+    name = exc.__class__.__name__.lower()
+    if "timeout" in name or "timedout" in name or "tempor" in name:
+        return True
+    msg = str(exc).lower()
+    return "timeout" in msg or "timed out" in msg or "connection reset" in msg
+
+
+async def _generate_one_with_retries(
+    client: Any,
+    payload: Dict[str, Any],
+    *,
+    attempts: int,
+    job_label: str,
+) -> Any:
+    last_exc: Optional[Exception] = None
+    for attempt in range(1, attempts + 1):
+        try:
+            return await client.images.generate(**payload)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            last_exc = exc
+            if not _is_transient_error(exc):
+                raise
+            if attempt == attempts:
+                raise
+            sleep_s = _extract_retry_after_seconds(exc)
+            if sleep_s is None:
+                sleep_s = min(60.0, 2.0**attempt)
+            print(
+                f"{job_label} attempt {attempt}/{attempts} failed ({exc.__class__.__name__}); retrying in {sleep_s:.1f}s",
+                file=sys.stderr,
+            )
+            await asyncio.sleep(sleep_s)
+    raise last_exc or RuntimeError("unknown error")
+
+
+async def _run_generate_batch(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
+    jobs = _read_jobs_jsonl(args.input)
+    out_dir = Path(args.out_dir)
+
+    base_fields = _fields_from_args(args)
+    base_payload = {
+        "model": args.model,
+        "n": args.n,
+        "size": args.size,
+        "quality": args.quality,
+        "background": args.background,
+        "output_format": args.output_format,
+        "output_compression": args.output_compression,
+        "moderation": args.moderation,
+    }
+
+    if args.dry_run:
+        for i, job in enumerate(jobs, start=1):
+            prompt = str(job["prompt"]).strip()
+            fields = _merge_non_null(base_fields, job.get("fields", {}))
+            # Allow flat job keys as well (use_case, scene, etc.)
+            fields = _merge_non_null(fields, {k: job.get(k) for k in base_fields.keys()})
+            augmented = _augment_prompt_fields(args.augment, prompt, fields)
+
+            job_payload = dict(base_payload)
+            job_payload["prompt"] = augmented
+            job_payload = _merge_non_null(job_payload, {k: job.get(k) for k in base_payload.keys()})
+            job_payload = {k: v for k, v in job_payload.items() if v is not None}
+
+            _validate_generate_payload(job_payload)
+            effective_output_format = _normalize_output_format(job_payload.get("output_format"))
+            _validate_transparency(job_payload.get("background"), effective_output_format)
+            job_payload["output_format"] = effective_output_format
+
+            n = int(job_payload.get("n", 1))
+            outputs = _job_output_paths(
+                out_dir=out_dir,
+                output_format=effective_output_format,
+                idx=i,
+                prompt=prompt,
+                n=n,
+                explicit_out=job.get("out"),
+            )
+            downscaled = None
+            if args.downscale_max_dim is not None:
+                downscaled = [
+                    str(_derive_downscale_path(p, args.downscale_suffix)) for p in outputs
+                ]
+            _print_request(
+                {
+                    "endpoint": "/v1/images/generations",
+                    "job": i,
+                    "outputs": [str(p) for p in outputs],
+                    "outputs_downscaled": downscaled,
+                    **job_payload,
+                }
+            )
+        return 0
+
+    client = _create_async_client()
+    sem = asyncio.Semaphore(args.concurrency)
+
+    any_failed = False
+
+    async def run_job(i: int, job: Dict[str, Any]) -> Tuple[int, Optional[str]]:
+        nonlocal any_failed
+        prompt = str(job["prompt"]).strip()
+        job_label = f"[job {i}/{len(jobs)}]"
+
+        fields = _merge_non_null(base_fields, job.get("fields", {}))
+        fields = _merge_non_null(fields, {k: job.get(k) for k in base_fields.keys()})
+        augmented = _augment_prompt_fields(args.augment, prompt, fields)
+
+        payload = dict(base_payload)
+        payload["prompt"] = augmented
+        payload = _merge_non_null(payload, {k: job.get(k) for k in base_payload.keys()})
+        payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if v is not None}
+
+        n = int(payload.get("n", 1))
+        _validate_generate_payload(payload)
+        effective_output_format = _normalize_output_format(payload.get("output_format"))
+        _validate_transparency(payload.get("background"), effective_output_format)
+        payload["output_format"] = effective_output_format
+        outputs = _job_output_paths(
+            out_dir=out_dir,
+            output_format=effective_output_format,
+            idx=i,
+            prompt=prompt,
+            n=n,
+            explicit_out=job.get("out"),
+        )
+        try:
+            async with sem:
+                print(f"{job_label} starting", file=sys.stderr)
+                started = time.time()
+                result = await _generate_one_with_retries(
+                    client,
+                    payload,
+                    attempts=args.max_attempts,
+                    job_label=job_label,
+                )
+                elapsed = time.time() - started
+                print(f"{job_label} completed in {elapsed:.1f}s", file=sys.stderr)
+            images = [item.b64_json for item in result.data]
+            _decode_write_and_downscale(
+                images,
+                outputs,
+                force=args.force,
+                downscale_max_dim=args.downscale_max_dim,
+                downscale_suffix=args.downscale_suffix,
+                output_format=effective_output_format,
+            )
+            return i, None
+        except Exception as exc:
+            any_failed = True
+            print(f"{job_label} failed: {exc}", file=sys.stderr)
+            if args.fail_fast:
+                raise
+            return i, str(exc)
+
+    tasks = [asyncio.create_task(run_job(i, job)) for i, job in enumerate(jobs, start=1)]
+
+    try:
+        await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+    except Exception:
+        for t in tasks:
+            if not t.done():
+                t.cancel()
+        raise
+
+    return 1 if any_failed else 0
+
+
+def _generate_batch(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
+    exit_code = asyncio.run(_run_generate_batch(args))
+    if exit_code:
+        raise SystemExit(exit_code)
+
+
+def _generate(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
+    prompt = _read_prompt(args.prompt, args.prompt_file)
+    prompt = _augment_prompt(args, prompt)
+
+    payload = {
+        "model": args.model,
+        "prompt": prompt,
+        "n": args.n,
+        "size": args.size,
+        "quality": args.quality,
+        "background": args.background,
+        "output_format": args.output_format,
+        "output_compression": args.output_compression,
+        "moderation": args.moderation,
+    }
+    payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if v is not None}
+
+    output_format = _normalize_output_format(args.output_format)
+    _validate_transparency(args.background, output_format)
+    payload["output_format"] = output_format
+    output_paths = _build_output_paths(args.out, output_format, args.n, args.out_dir)
+    downscaled = None
+    if args.downscale_max_dim is not None:
+        downscaled = [str(_derive_downscale_path(p, args.downscale_suffix)) for p in output_paths]
+
+    if args.dry_run:
+        _print_request(
+            {
+                "endpoint": "/v1/images/generations",
+                "outputs": [str(p) for p in output_paths],
+                "outputs_downscaled": downscaled,
+                **payload,
+            }
+        )
+        return
+
+    print(
+        "Calling Image API (generation). This can take up to a couple of minutes.",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    started = time.time()
+    client = _create_client()
+    result = client.images.generate(**payload)
+    elapsed = time.time() - started
+    print(f"Generation completed in {elapsed:.1f}s.", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    images = [item.b64_json for item in result.data]
+    _decode_write_and_downscale(
+        images,
+        output_paths,
+        force=args.force,
+        downscale_max_dim=args.downscale_max_dim,
+        downscale_suffix=args.downscale_suffix,
+        output_format=output_format,
+    )
+
+
+def _edit(args: argparse.Namespace) -> None:
+    prompt = _read_prompt(args.prompt, args.prompt_file)
+    prompt = _augment_prompt(args, prompt)
+
+    image_paths = _check_image_paths(args.image)
+    mask_path = Path(args.mask) if args.mask else None
+    if mask_path:
+        if not mask_path.exists():
+            _die(f"Mask file not found: {mask_path}")
+        if mask_path.suffix.lower() != ".png":
+            _warn(f"Mask should be a PNG with an alpha channel: {mask_path}")
+        if mask_path.stat().st_size > MAX_IMAGE_BYTES:
+            _warn(f"Mask exceeds 50MB limit: {mask_path}")
+
+    payload = {
+        "model": args.model,
+        "prompt": prompt,
+        "n": args.n,
+        "size": args.size,
+        "quality": args.quality,
+        "background": args.background,
+        "output_format": args.output_format,
+        "output_compression": args.output_compression,
+        "input_fidelity": args.input_fidelity,
+        "moderation": args.moderation,
+    }
+    payload = {k: v for k, v in payload.items() if v is not None}
+
+    output_format = _normalize_output_format(args.output_format)
+    _validate_transparency(args.background, output_format)
+    payload["output_format"] = output_format
+    _validate_input_fidelity(args.input_fidelity)
+    output_paths = _build_output_paths(args.out, output_format, args.n, args.out_dir)
+    downscaled = None
+    if args.downscale_max_dim is not None:
+        downscaled = [str(_derive_downscale_path(p, args.downscale_suffix)) for p in output_paths]
+
+    if args.dry_run:
+        payload_preview = dict(payload)
+        payload_preview["image"] = [str(p) for p in image_paths]
+        if mask_path:
+            payload_preview["mask"] = str(mask_path)
+        _print_request(
+            {
+                "endpoint": "/v1/images/edits",
+                "outputs": [str(p) for p in output_paths],
+                "outputs_downscaled": downscaled,
+                **payload_preview,
+            }
+        )
+        return
+
+    print(
+        f"Calling Image API (edit) with {len(image_paths)} image(s).",
+        file=sys.stderr,
+    )
+    started = time.time()
+    client = _create_client()
+
+    with _open_files(image_paths) as image_files, _open_mask(mask_path) as mask_file:
+        request = dict(payload)
+        request["image"] = image_files if len(image_files) > 1 else image_files[0]
+        if mask_file is not None:
+            request["mask"] = mask_file
+        result = client.images.edit(**request)
+
+    elapsed = time.time() - started
+    print(f"Edit completed in {elapsed:.1f}s.", file=sys.stderr)
+    images = [item.b64_json for item in result.data]
+    _decode_write_and_downscale(
+        images,
+        output_paths,
+        force=args.force,
+        downscale_max_dim=args.downscale_max_dim,
+        downscale_suffix=args.downscale_suffix,
+        output_format=output_format,
+    )
+
+
+def _open_files(paths: List[Path]):
+    return _FileBundle(paths)
+
+
+def _open_mask(mask_path: Optional[Path]):
+    if mask_path is None:
+        return _NullContext()
+    return _SingleFile(mask_path)
+
+
+class _NullContext:
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return None
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
+        return False
+
+
+class _SingleFile:
+    def __init__(self, path: Path):
+        self._path = path
+        self._handle = None
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._handle = self._path.open("rb")
+        return self._handle
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
+        if self._handle:
+            try:
+                self._handle.close()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        return False
+
+
+class _FileBundle:
+    def __init__(self, paths: List[Path]):
+        self._paths = paths
+        self._handles: List[object] = []
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._handles = [p.open("rb") for p in self._paths]
+        return self._handles
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
+        for handle in self._handles:
+            try:
+                handle.close()
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        return False
+
+
+def _add_shared_args(parser: argparse.ArgumentParser) -> None:
+    parser.add_argument("--model", default=DEFAULT_MODEL)
+    parser.add_argument("--prompt")
+    parser.add_argument("--prompt-file")
+    parser.add_argument("--n", type=int, default=1)
+    parser.add_argument("--size", default=DEFAULT_SIZE)
+    parser.add_argument("--quality", default=DEFAULT_QUALITY)
+    parser.add_argument("--background")
+    parser.add_argument("--output-format")
+    parser.add_argument("--output-compression", type=int)
+    parser.add_argument("--moderation")
+    parser.add_argument("--out", default=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_PATH)
+    parser.add_argument("--out-dir")
+    parser.add_argument("--force", action="store_true")
+    parser.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true")
+    parser.add_argument("--augment", dest="augment", action="store_true")
+    parser.add_argument("--no-augment", dest="augment", action="store_false")
+    parser.set_defaults(augment=True)
+
+    # Prompt augmentation hints
+    parser.add_argument("--use-case")
+    parser.add_argument("--scene")
+    parser.add_argument("--subject")
+    parser.add_argument("--style")
+    parser.add_argument("--composition")
+    parser.add_argument("--lighting")
+    parser.add_argument("--palette")
+    parser.add_argument("--materials")
+    parser.add_argument("--text")
+    parser.add_argument("--constraints")
+    parser.add_argument("--negative")
+
+    # Post-processing (optional): generate an additional downscaled copy for fast web loading.
+    parser.add_argument("--downscale-max-dim", type=int)
+    parser.add_argument("--downscale-suffix", default=DEFAULT_DOWNSCALE_SUFFIX)
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Fallback CLI for explicit image generation or editing via GPT Image models"
+    )
+    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command", required=True)
+
+    gen_parser = subparsers.add_parser("generate", help="Create a new image")
+    _add_shared_args(gen_parser)
+    gen_parser.set_defaults(func=_generate)
+
+    batch_parser = subparsers.add_parser(
+        "generate-batch",
+        help="Generate multiple prompts concurrently (JSONL input)",
+    )
+    _add_shared_args(batch_parser)
+    batch_parser.add_argument("--input", required=True, help="Path to JSONL file (one job per line)")
+    batch_parser.add_argument("--concurrency", type=int, default=DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY)
+    batch_parser.add_argument("--max-attempts", type=int, default=3)
+    batch_parser.add_argument("--fail-fast", action="store_true")
+    batch_parser.set_defaults(func=_generate_batch)
+
+    edit_parser = subparsers.add_parser("edit", help="Edit an existing image")
+    _add_shared_args(edit_parser)
+    edit_parser.add_argument("--image", action="append", required=True)
+    edit_parser.add_argument("--mask")
+    edit_parser.add_argument("--input-fidelity")
+    edit_parser.set_defaults(func=_edit)
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    if args.n < 1 or args.n > 10:
+        _die("--n must be between 1 and 10")
+    if getattr(args, "concurrency", 1) < 1 or getattr(args, "concurrency", 1) > 25:
+        _die("--concurrency must be between 1 and 25")
+    if getattr(args, "max_attempts", 3) < 1 or getattr(args, "max_attempts", 3) > 10:
+        _die("--max-attempts must be between 1 and 10")
+    if args.output_compression is not None and not (0 <= args.output_compression <= 100):
+        _die("--output-compression must be between 0 and 100")
+    if args.command == "generate-batch" and not args.out_dir:
+        _die("generate-batch requires --out-dir")
+    if getattr(args, "downscale_max_dim", None) is not None and args.downscale_max_dim < 1:
+        _die("--downscale-max-dim must be >= 1")
+
+    _validate_size(args.size)
+    _validate_quality(args.quality)
+    _validate_background(args.background)
+    _validate_model(args.model)
+    _ensure_api_key(args.dry_run)
+
+    args.func(args)
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    raise SystemExit(main())