@nullix/zod-mongoose-studio 3.3.2 → 3.3.3

package/.output/server/node_modules/zod/v4/core/json-schema-processors.js

@@ -1,5 +1,100 @@
-import { extractDefs, finalize, initializeContext, process, } from "./to-json-schema.js";
-import { getEnumValues } from "./util.js";
+import * as regexes from "./regexes.js";
+import { base64Charset, base64urlCharset } from "./schemas.js";
+import { extractDefs, finalize, handleUnrepresentable, initializeContext, processSchema, } from "./to-json-schema.js";
+import { BIGINT_FORMAT_RANGES, NUMBER_FORMAT_RANGES, assignProp, getEnumValues } from "./util.js";
+const narrowMin = (agg, key, value) => {
+    if (agg[key] === undefined || value > agg[key])
+        agg[key] = value;
+};
+const narrowMax = (agg, key, value) => {
+    if (agg[key] === undefined || value < agg[key])
+        agg[key] = value;
+};
+const narrowBoth = (agg, value) => {
+    narrowMin(agg, "minimum", value);
+    narrowMax(agg, "maximum", value);
+};
+const addDivisor = (agg, value) => {
+    agg.multipleOf ?? (agg.multipleOf = []);
+    if (!agg.multipleOf.includes(value))
+        agg.multipleOf.push(value);
+};
+const addPattern = (agg, pattern) => {
+    agg.patterns ?? (agg.patterns = new Set());
+    agg.patterns.add(pattern);
+};
+const intersectMime = (agg, mime) => {
+    agg.mime = agg.mime ? agg.mime.filter((m) => mime.includes(m)) : [...mime];
+};
+// last-wins, matching the bag's historical write order; the flag keeps an integer format from being lost to a later float one
+const setFormat = (agg, format) => {
+    agg.format = format;
+    if (format.includes("int"))
+        agg.isInt = true;
+};
+const minContributor = (agg, def) => narrowMin(agg, "minimum", def.minimum);
+const maxContributor = (agg, def) => narrowMax(agg, "maximum", def.maximum);
+const formatContributor = (ranges) => (agg, def) => {
+    setFormat(agg, def.format);
+    const [minimum, maximum] = ranges[def.format];
+    narrowMin(agg, "minimum", minimum);
+    narrowMax(agg, "maximum", maximum);
+};
+const contributors = {
+    greater_than: (agg, def) => narrowMin(agg, def.inclusive ? "minimum" : "exclusiveMinimum", def.value),
+    less_than: (agg, def) => narrowMax(agg, def.inclusive ? "maximum" : "exclusiveMaximum", def.value),
+    multiple_of: (agg, def) => addDivisor(agg, def.value),
+    number_format: formatContributor(NUMBER_FORMAT_RANGES),
+    bigint_format: formatContributor(BIGINT_FORMAT_RANGES),
+    min_length: minContributor,
+    max_length: maxContributor,
+    length_equals: (agg, def) => narrowBoth(agg, def.length),
+    min_size: minContributor,
+    max_size: maxContributor,
+    size_equals: (agg, def) => narrowBoth(agg, def.size),
+    string_format: (agg, def) => {
+        setFormat(agg, def.format);
+        if (def.pattern)
+            addPattern(agg, def.pattern);
+        if (def.format === "base64" || def.format === "base64url")
+            agg.contentEncoding = def.format;
+        if (def.local || def.precision === -1)
+            agg.laxFormat = true;
+    },
+    mime_type: (agg, def) => intersectMime(agg, def.mime),
+};
+export function aggregateChecks(schema) {
+    const agg = {};
+    const def = schema._zod.def;
+    // a format schema is its own first check, same rule as $ZodType init
+    const list = schema._zod.traits.has("$ZodCheck")
+        ? [schema, ...(def.checks ?? [])]
+        : (def.checks ?? []);
+    for (const ch of list)
+        contributors[ch._zod.def.check]?.(agg, ch._zod.def);
+    // reconcile with the bag so third-party onattach contributions still land; first-party residue is never tighter than the fold, so merging it back is idempotent for one and additive for the other
+    const bag = schema._zod.bag;
+    if (bag.minimum !== undefined)
+        narrowMin(agg, "minimum", bag.minimum);
+    if (bag.exclusiveMinimum !== undefined)
+        narrowMin(agg, "exclusiveMinimum", bag.exclusiveMinimum);
+    if (bag.maximum !== undefined)
+        narrowMax(agg, "maximum", bag.maximum);
+    if (bag.exclusiveMaximum !== undefined)
+        narrowMax(agg, "exclusiveMaximum", bag.exclusiveMaximum);
+    if (bag.multipleOf !== undefined)
+        addDivisor(agg, bag.multipleOf);
+    if (bag.format !== undefined) {
+        agg.format ?? (agg.format = bag.format);
+        if (bag.format.includes("int"))
+            agg.isInt = true;
+    }
+    if (bag.mime)
+        intersectMime(agg, bag.mime);
+    for (const pattern of bag.patterns ?? [])
+        addPattern(agg, pattern);
+    return agg;
+}
 const formatMap = {
     guid: "uuid",
     url: "uri",
@@ -8,11 +103,16 @@ const formatMap = {
     regex: "", // do not set
 };
 // ==================== SIMPLE TYPE PROCESSORS ====================
+// the runtime patterns are lax so parse paths never overflow the regex stack; the emitted schema swaps in the exact block forms, which zod itself never executes
+const exactPatterns = new Map([
+    [base64Charset, regexes.base64],
+    [base64urlCharset, regexes.base64url],
+]);
+const exactPattern = (p) => exactPatterns.get(p) ?? p;
 export const stringProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
     const json = _json;
     json.type = "string";
-    const { minimum, maximum, format, patterns, contentEncoding } = schema._zod
-        .bag;
+    const { minimum, maximum, format, patterns, contentEncoding, laxFormat } = aggregateChecks(schema);
     if (typeof minimum === "number")
         json.minLength = minimum;
     if (typeof maximum === "number")
@@ -22,21 +122,20 @@ export const stringProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
         json.format = formatMap[format] ?? format;
         if (json.format === "")
             delete json.format; // empty format is not valid
-        // JSON Schema format: "time" requires a full time with offset or Z
-        // z.iso.time() does not include timezone information, so format: "time" should never be used
-        if (format === "time") {
+        // `z.iso.time()` is never full-time, and `laxFormat` carries the datetime shapes that also accept what their keyword forbids
+        if (format === "time" || laxFormat) {
             delete json.format;
         }
     }
     if (contentEncoding)
         json.contentEncoding = contentEncoding;
     if (patterns && patterns.size > 0) {
-        const regexes = [...patterns];
-        if (regexes.length === 1)
-            json.pattern = regexes[0].source;
-        else if (regexes.length > 1) {
+        const patternList = [...patterns].map(exactPattern);
+        if (patternList.length === 1)
+            json.pattern = patternList[0].source;
+        else if (patternList.length > 1) {
             json.allOf = [
-                ...regexes.map((regex) => ({
+                ...patternList.map((regex) => ({
                     ...(ctx.target === "draft-07" || ctx.target === "draft-04" || ctx.target === "openapi-3.0"
                         ? { type: "string" }
                         : {}),
@@ -46,15 +145,16 @@ export const stringProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
         }
     }
 };
-export const numberProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
+export const numberProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
     const json = _json;
-    const { minimum, maximum, format, multipleOf, exclusiveMaximum, exclusiveMinimum } = schema._zod.bag;
-    if (typeof format === "string" && format.includes("int"))
-        json.type = "integer";
-    else
-        json.type = "number";
-    if (typeof exclusiveMinimum === "number") {
-        if (ctx.target === "draft-04" || ctx.target === "openapi-3.0") {
+    const { minimum, maximum, multipleOf, exclusiveMaximum, exclusiveMinimum, isInt } = aggregateChecks(schema);
+    json.type = isInt ? "integer" : "number";
+    // when both minimum and exclusiveMinimum exist, pick the more restrictive one
+    const exMin = typeof exclusiveMinimum === "number" && exclusiveMinimum >= (minimum ?? Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+    const exMax = typeof exclusiveMaximum === "number" && exclusiveMaximum <= (maximum ?? Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+    const legacy = ctx.target === "draft-04" || ctx.target === "openapi-3.0";
+    if (exMin) {
+        if (legacy) {
             json.minimum = exclusiveMinimum;
             json.exclusiveMinimum = true;
         }
@@ -62,17 +162,11 @@ export const numberProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
             json.exclusiveMinimum = exclusiveMinimum;
         }
     }
-    if (typeof minimum === "number") {
+    else if (typeof minimum === "number") {
         json.minimum = minimum;
-        if (typeof exclusiveMinimum === "number" && ctx.target !== "draft-04") {
-            if (exclusiveMinimum >= minimum)
-                delete json.minimum;
-            else
-                delete json.exclusiveMinimum;
-        }
     }
-    if (typeof exclusiveMaximum === "number") {
-        if (ctx.target === "draft-04" || ctx.target === "openapi-3.0") {
+    if (exMax) {
+        if (legacy) {
             json.maximum = exclusiveMaximum;
             json.exclusiveMaximum = true;
         }
@@ -80,30 +174,34 @@ export const numberProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
             json.exclusiveMaximum = exclusiveMaximum;
         }
     }
-    if (typeof maximum === "number") {
+    else if (typeof maximum === "number") {
         json.maximum = maximum;
-        if (typeof exclusiveMaximum === "number" && ctx.target !== "draft-04") {
-            if (exclusiveMaximum <= maximum)
-                delete json.maximum;
+    }
+    if (multipleOf) {
+        // JSON Schema requires a divisor strictly greater than zero, and a non-finite one does not survive JSON at all. A negative divisor accepts exactly what its absolute value accepts, so it still maps; zero, NaN and Infinity have no keyword form.
+        const divisors = new Set();
+        for (const divisor of multipleOf) {
+            if (Number.isFinite(divisor) && divisor !== 0)
+                divisors.add(Math.abs(divisor));
             else
-                delete json.exclusiveMaximum;
+                handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, `A multipleOf divisor of ${divisor} cannot be represented in JSON Schema`);
         }
+        // chained divisors are a conjunction the keyword cannot carry alone, so extras ride an allOf, same as stacked patterns
+        const [first, ...rest] = divisors;
+        if (first !== undefined)
+            json.multipleOf = first;
+        if (rest.length)
+            json.allOf = [...(json.allOf ?? []), ...rest.map((m) => ({ multipleOf: m }))];
     }
-    if (typeof multipleOf === "number")
-        json.multipleOf = multipleOf;
 };
 export const booleanProcessor = (_schema, _ctx, json, _params) => {
     json.type = "boolean";
 };
-export const bigintProcessor = (_schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
-    if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-        throw new Error("BigInt cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-    }
+export const bigintProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
+    handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "BigInt cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
 };
-export const symbolProcessor = (_schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
-    if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-        throw new Error("Symbols cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-    }
+export const symbolProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
+    handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "Symbols cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
 };
 export const nullProcessor = (_schema, ctx, json, _params) => {
     if (ctx.target === "openapi-3.0") {
@@ -115,15 +213,11 @@ export const nullProcessor = (_schema, ctx, json, _params) => {
         json.type = "null";
     }
 };
-export const undefinedProcessor = (_schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
-    if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-        throw new Error("Undefined cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-    }
+export const undefinedProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
+    handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "Undefined cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
 };
-export const voidProcessor = (_schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
-    if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-        throw new Error("Void cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-    }
+export const voidProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
+    handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "Void cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
 };
 export const neverProcessor = (_schema, _ctx, json, _params) => {
     json.not = {};
@@ -134,14 +228,17 @@ export const anyProcessor = (_schema, _ctx, _json, _params) => {
 export const unknownProcessor = (_schema, _ctx, _json, _params) => {
     // empty schema accepts anything
 };
-export const dateProcessor = (_schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
-    if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-        throw new Error("Date cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-    }
+export const dateProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
+    handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "Date cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
 };
 export const enumProcessor = (schema, _ctx, json, _params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
     const values = getEnumValues(def.entries);
+    // an empty enum accepts nothing, same as z.never()
+    if (values.length === 0) {
+        json.not = {};
+        return;
+    }
     // Number enums can have both string and number values
     if (values.every((v) => typeof v === "number"))
         json.type = "number";
@@ -149,25 +246,25 @@ export const enumProcessor = (schema, _ctx, json, _params) => {
         json.type = "string";
     json.enum = values;
 };
-export const literalProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, _params) => {
+export const literalProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
+    // a literal with no values accepts nothing, same as z.never()
+    if (def.values.length === 0) {
+        json.not = {};
+        return;
+    }
     const vals = [];
     for (const val of def.values) {
         if (val === undefined) {
-            if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-                throw new Error("Literal `undefined` cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-            }
-            else {
-                // do not add to vals
-            }
+            // a custom schema replaces the whole literal, so there is nothing left to accumulate
+            if (handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "Literal `undefined` cannot be represented in JSON Schema"))
+                return;
+            // otherwise do not add to vals
         }
         else if (typeof val === "bigint") {
-            if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-                throw new Error("BigInt literals cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-            }
-            else {
-                vals.push(Number(val));
-            }
+            if (handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "BigInt literals cannot be represented in JSON Schema"))
+                return;
+            vals.push(Number(val));
         }
         else {
             vals.push(val);
@@ -198,10 +295,8 @@ export const literalProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, _params) => {
         json.enum = vals;
     }
 };
-export const nanProcessor = (_schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
-    if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-        throw new Error("NaN cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-    }
+export const nanProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
+    handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "NaN cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
 };
 export const templateLiteralProcessor = (schema, _ctx, json, _params) => {
     const _json = json;
@@ -213,95 +308,102 @@ export const templateLiteralProcessor = (schema, _ctx, json, _params) => {
 };
 export const fileProcessor = (schema, _ctx, json, _params) => {
     const _json = json;
-    const file = {
-        type: "string",
-        format: "binary",
-        contentEncoding: "binary",
-    };
-    const { minimum, maximum, mime } = schema._zod.bag;
+    _json.type = "string";
+    _json.format = "binary";
+    _json.contentEncoding = "binary";
+    const { minimum, maximum, mime } = aggregateChecks(schema);
     if (minimum !== undefined)
-        file.minLength = minimum;
+        _json.minLength = minimum;
     if (maximum !== undefined)
-        file.maxLength = maximum;
-    if (mime) {
-        if (mime.length === 1) {
-            file.contentMediaType = mime[0];
-            Object.assign(_json, file);
-        }
-        else {
-            Object.assign(_json, file); // shared props at root
-            _json.anyOf = mime.map((m) => ({ contentMediaType: m })); // only contentMediaType differs
-        }
-    }
-    else {
-        Object.assign(_json, file);
-    }
+        _json.maxLength = maximum;
+    if (!mime)
+        return;
+    // an empty intersection means the mime checks share no value, so nothing passes at runtime; `anyOf` must be non-empty, so the false schema is `not: {}`
+    if (mime.length === 0)
+        _json.not = {};
+    else if (mime.length === 1)
+        _json.contentMediaType = mime[0];
+    // only contentMediaType differs, so the shared props stay at the root
+    else
+        _json.anyOf = mime.map((m) => ({ contentMediaType: m }));
 };
 export const successProcessor = (_schema, _ctx, json, _params) => {
     json.type = "boolean";
 };
-export const customProcessor = (_schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
-    if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-        throw new Error("Custom types cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-    }
+export const customProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
+    handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "Custom types cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
 };
-export const functionProcessor = (_schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
-    if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-        throw new Error("Function types cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-    }
+export const functionProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
+    handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "Function types cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
 };
-export const transformProcessor = (_schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
-    if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-        throw new Error("Transforms cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-    }
+export const transformProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
+    handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "Transforms cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
 };
-export const mapProcessor = (_schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
-    if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-        throw new Error("Map cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-    }
+export const mapProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
+    handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "Map cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
 };
-export const setProcessor = (_schema, ctx, _json, _params) => {
-    if (ctx.unrepresentable === "throw") {
-        throw new Error("Set cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
-    }
+export const setProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
+    handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "Set cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
 };
 // ==================== COMPOSITE TYPE PROCESSORS ====================
 export const arrayProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
     const json = _json;
     const def = schema._zod.def;
-    const { minimum, maximum } = schema._zod.bag;
+    const { minimum, maximum } = aggregateChecks(schema);
     if (typeof minimum === "number")
         json.minItems = minimum;
     if (typeof maximum === "number")
         json.maxItems = maximum;
     json.type = "array";
-    json.items = process(def.element, ctx, { ...params, path: [...params.path, "items"] });
+    json.items = processSchema(def.element, ctx, {
+        ...params,
+        path: [...params.path, "items"],
+    });
 };
+// Transform and catch set `optin = "optional"` at runtime so the parser lets them observe an
+// absent key, but their declared input type stays required. An input JSON Schema describes the
+// declared type, so resolve past them to the schema that actually carries the optionality.
+// Used by both `objectProcessor` (for `required`) and `tupleProcessor` (for `minItems`); see
+// wiki/optionality.md, "The JSON Schema emitter reads the *static* value".
+function inputOptin(schema) {
+    const def = schema._zod.def;
+    if (def.type === "pipe" && def.in._zod.traits.has("$ZodTransform")) {
+        return inputOptin(def.out);
+    }
+    if (def.type === "catch") {
+        return inputOptin(def.innerType);
+    }
+    return schema._zod.optin;
+}
 export const objectProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
     const json = _json;
     const def = schema._zod.def;
+    const shape = def.shape;
+    // dropping it while still emitting `additionalProperties: false` would emit a schema that rejects data this one requires
+    const symbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(shape);
+    if (symbolKeys.length &&
+        handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "Symbol keys cannot be represented in JSON Schema")) {
+        return;
+    }
     json.type = "object";
     json.properties = {};
-    const shape = def.shape;
     for (const key in shape) {
-        json.properties[key] = process(shape[key], ctx, {
+        // assignProp so a __proto__ key becomes an own property instead of hitting the inherited setter on the plain {} we build into
+        assignProp(json.properties, key, processSchema(shape[key], ctx, {
             ...params,
             path: [...params.path, "properties", key],
-        });
+        }));
     }
     // required keys
-    const allKeys = new Set(Object.keys(shape));
-    const requiredKeys = new Set([...allKeys].filter((key) => {
-        const v = def.shape[key]._zod;
-        if (ctx.io === "input") {
-            return v.optin === undefined;
-        }
-        else {
-            return v.optout === undefined;
+    const requiredKeys = [];
+    for (const key of Object.keys(shape)) {
+        const field = def.shape[key];
+        if (ctx.io === "input" ? inputOptin(field) === undefined : field._zod.optout === undefined) {
+            requiredKeys.push(key);
         }
-    }));
-    if (requiredKeys.size > 0) {
-        json.required = Array.from(requiredKeys);
+    }
+    if (requiredKeys.length > 0) {
+        json.required = requiredKeys;
     }
     // catchall
     if (def.catchall?._zod.def.type === "never") {
@@ -314,7 +416,7 @@ export const objectProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
             json.additionalProperties = false;
     }
     else if (def.catchall) {
-        json.additionalProperties = process(def.catchall, ctx, {
+        json.additionalProperties = processSchema(def.catchall, ctx, {
             ...params,
             path: [...params.path, "additionalProperties"],
         });
@@ -322,10 +424,9 @@ export const objectProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
 };
 export const unionProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
-    // Exclusive unions (inclusive === false) use oneOf (exactly one match) instead of anyOf (one or more matches)
-    // This includes both z.xor() and discriminated unions
+    // Exclusive unions (inclusive === false) use oneOf (exactly one match) instead of anyOf (one or more matches). This includes both z.xor() and discriminated unions
     const isExclusive = def.inclusive === false;
-    const options = def.options.map((x, i) => process(x, ctx, {
+    const options = def.options.map((x, i) => processSchema(x, ctx, {
         ...params,
         path: [...params.path, isExclusive ? "oneOf" : "anyOf", i],
     }));
@@ -338,11 +439,11 @@ export const unionProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
 };
 export const intersectionProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
-    const a = process(def.left, ctx, {
+    const a = processSchema(def.left, ctx, {
         ...params,
         path: [...params.path, "allOf", 0],
     });
-    const b = process(def.right, ctx, {
+    const b = processSchema(def.right, ctx, {
         ...params,
         path: [...params.path, "allOf", 1],
     });
@@ -352,6 +453,8 @@ export const intersectionProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
         ...(isSimpleIntersection(b) ? b.allOf : [b]),
     ];
     json.allOf = allOf;
+    // Recorded innermost first, so a nested intersection has already folded by the time this one is considered. The array is the handle rather than the schema, because a wrapper that inherits this schema shares the same array; `finalize` folds every object holding it. See `foldIntersection`.
+    ctx.intersections.push(allOf);
 };
 export const tupleProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
     const json = _json;
@@ -359,21 +462,38 @@ export const tupleProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
     json.type = "array";
     const prefixPath = ctx.target === "draft-2020-12" ? "prefixItems" : "items";
     const restPath = ctx.target === "draft-2020-12" ? "items" : ctx.target === "openapi-3.0" ? "items" : "additionalItems";
-    const prefixItems = def.items.map((x, i) => process(x, ctx, {
+    const prefixItems = def.items.map((x, i) => processSchema(x, ctx, {
         ...params,
         path: [...params.path, prefixPath, i],
     }));
     const rest = def.rest
-        ? process(def.rest, ctx, {
+        ? processSchema(def.rest, ctx, {
             ...params,
             path: [...params.path, restPath, ...(ctx.target === "openapi-3.0" ? [def.items.length] : [])],
         })
         : null;
+    let minItems = def.items.length;
+    while (minItems > 0) {
+        const item = def.items[minItems - 1];
+        const optional = ctx.io === "input" ? inputOptin(item) !== undefined : item._zod.optout === "optional";
+        if (!optional)
+            break;
+        minItems--;
+    }
+    const maxItems = def.items.length;
+    const isClosed = !def.rest;
     if (ctx.target === "draft-2020-12") {
         json.prefixItems = prefixItems;
-        if (rest) {
+        if (isClosed) {
+            json.items = false;
+        }
+        else if (rest) {
             json.items = rest;
         }
+        if (minItems > 0)
+            json.minItems = minItems;
+        if (isClosed)
+            json.maxItems = maxItems;
     }
     else if (ctx.target === "openapi-3.0") {
         json.items = {
@@ -382,70 +502,164 @@ export const tupleProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
         if (rest) {
             json.items.anyOf.push(rest);
         }
-        json.minItems = prefixItems.length;
-        if (!rest) {
-            json.maxItems = prefixItems.length;
-        }
+        if (minItems > 0)
+            json.minItems = minItems;
+        if (isClosed)
+            json.maxItems = maxItems;
     }
     else {
         json.items = prefixItems;
-        if (rest) {
+        if (isClosed) {
+            json.additionalItems = false;
+        }
+        else if (rest) {
             json.additionalItems = rest;
         }
+        if (minItems > 0)
+            json.minItems = minItems;
+        if (isClosed)
+            json.maxItems = maxItems;
     }
-    // length
-    const { minimum, maximum } = schema._zod.bag;
+    // explicit user-defined length checks take precedence
+    const { minimum, maximum } = aggregateChecks(schema);
     if (typeof minimum === "number")
         json.minItems = minimum;
     if (typeof maximum === "number")
         json.maxItems = maximum;
 };
+/** JSON object keys are always strings, so a numeric record key schema is re-expressed over the
+ * numeric-string form the record parser matches. Deferred to `finalize`, after the flatten: a key
+ * behind a wrapper only carries its own `type` before then, and a union key only has its branches.
+ *
+ * A numeric bound cannot apply to a property name, so `minimum` and its siblings are dropped rather
+ * than carried over: keeping them beside `type: "string"` reproduces the match-nothing schema this
+ * exists to fix. A key that carries one therefore emits wider than the record parses — `z.record(z.number().min(5), V)`
+ * accepts `"3"` — which is the deliberate trade, since throwing on it would reject an ordinary schema
+ * outright. */
+function stringifyKeyNames(bySchema, json, visited) {
+    // an extracted key that rewrites cannot go on sharing its definition — the string form a key position needs is not the number form every other reference wants — so it inlines. One that does not rewrite keeps the `$ref`.
+    if (json.$ref) {
+        // a recursive key holds its own reference inside its definition, so a node already on the path is left alone rather than resolved again
+        if (visited.has(json))
+            return json;
+        visited.add(json);
+        const def = bySchema.get(json)?.def;
+        if (!def)
+            return json;
+        const inlined = stringifyKeyNames(bySchema, def, visited);
+        return inlined === def ? json : inlined;
+    }
+    for (const keyword of ["anyOf", "oneOf"]) {
+        const branches = json[keyword];
+        if (!Array.isArray(branches))
+            continue;
+        const mapped = branches.map((branch) => stringifyKeyNames(bySchema, branch, visited));
+        // rebuilding regardless would detach a key that had nothing to re-express, dropping its `$ref` and leaking the internal `id`
+        if (mapped.some((branch, i) => branch !== branches[i]))
+            json = { ...json, [keyword]: mapped };
+    }
+    // a member that already admits a string leaves the key unconstrained, so the node's own type re-expresses only when every member is numeric
+    const types = Array.isArray(json.type) ? json.type : [json.type];
+    const numericType = !types.includes("string") && types.some((t) => t === "number" || t === "integer");
+    // a heterogeneous key carries no type at all, so its numeric members are caught here instead
+    const values = json.enum ?? (json.const !== undefined ? [json.const] : undefined);
+    if (!numericType && !values?.some((v) => typeof v === "number"))
+        return json;
+    const { minimum, maximum, exclusiveMinimum, exclusiveMaximum, multipleOf, format, id, ...rest } = json;
+    if (rest.enum)
+        rest.enum = rest.enum.map((v) => (typeof v === "number" ? String(v) : v));
+    else if (typeof rest.const === "number")
+        rest.const = String(rest.const);
+    // a heterogeneous key keeps its absent type: the stringified members already say what a key may be
+    if (!numericType)
+        return rest;
+    rest.type = "string";
+    if (!values)
+        rest.pattern = (types.includes("number") ? regexes.number : regexes.integer).source;
+    return rest;
+}
+/** Every record of one conversion, so the carriers are found in a single pass rather than once per record. */
+const pendingRecords = new WeakMap();
+function rewriteKeyNames(ctx) {
+    // an extracted key is resolved by the object `extractToDef` left in its place, so the map is built once rather than searched per reference. `_zod.toJSONSchema` can hand the same object to two schemas, so the first entry carrying a body wins, as a search would have found it.
+    const bySchema = new Map();
+    for (const entry of ctx.seen.values()) {
+        if (entry.def && !bySchema.has(entry.schema))
+            bySchema.set(entry.schema, entry);
+    }
+    const rewrites = new Map();
+    for (const record of pendingRecords.get(ctx) ?? []) {
+        const seen = ctx.seen.get(record);
+        const names = (seen?.def ?? seen?.schema)?.propertyNames;
+        if (!names || names === true || rewrites.has(names))
+            continue;
+        const rewritten = stringifyKeyNames(bySchema, names, new Set());
+        if (rewritten !== names)
+            rewrites.set(names, rewritten);
+    }
+    if (!rewrites.size)
+        return;
+    // the flatten has already copied each record's own properties onto every wrapper by reference, and an extracted body is another such copy, so every carrier holding a rewritten key is updated together
+    for (const entry of ctx.seen.values()) {
+        for (const carrier of [entry.schema, entry.def]) {
+            const rewritten = carrier && rewrites.get(carrier.propertyNames);
+            if (rewritten)
+                carrier.propertyNames = rewritten;
+        }
+    }
+}
 export const recordProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
     const json = _json;
     const def = schema._zod.def;
     json.type = "object";
-    // For looseRecord with regex patterns, use patternProperties
-    // This correctly represents "only validate keys matching the pattern" semantics
-    // and composes well with allOf (intersections)
+    // For looseRecord with regex patterns, use patternProperties. This correctly represents "only validate keys matching the pattern" semantics and composes well with allOf (intersections)
     const keyType = def.keyType;
-    const keyBag = keyType._zod.bag;
-    const patterns = keyBag?.patterns;
+    const patterns = aggregateChecks(keyType).patterns;
     if (def.mode === "loose" && patterns && patterns.size > 0) {
         // Use patternProperties for looseRecord with regex patterns
-        const valueSchema = process(def.valueType, ctx, {
+        const valueSchema = processSchema(def.valueType, ctx, {
             ...params,
             path: [...params.path, "patternProperties", "*"],
         });
         json.patternProperties = {};
         for (const pattern of patterns) {
-            json.patternProperties[pattern.source] = valueSchema;
+            assignProp(json.patternProperties, exactPattern(pattern).source, valueSchema);
         }
     }
     else {
         // Default behavior: use propertyNames + additionalProperties
         if (ctx.target === "draft-07" || ctx.target === "draft-2020-12") {
-            json.propertyNames = process(def.keyType, ctx, {
+            json.propertyNames = processSchema(def.keyType, ctx, {
                 ...params,
                 path: [...params.path, "propertyNames"],
             });
+            let pending = pendingRecords.get(ctx);
+            if (!pending) {
+                pending = [];
+                pendingRecords.set(ctx, pending);
+                ctx.deferred.push(() => rewriteKeyNames(ctx));
+            }
+            pending.push(schema);
         }
-        json.additionalProperties = process(def.valueType, ctx, {
+        json.additionalProperties = processSchema(def.valueType, ctx, {
             ...params,
             path: [...params.path, "additionalProperties"],
         });
     }
     // Add required for keys with discrete values (enum, literal, etc.)
     const keyValues = keyType._zod.values;
-    if (keyValues) {
+    // Every key shares one value schema, so an optional-in value makes the whole key set omittable on input. Output keeps them: the exhaustive branch assigns every key, even one whose value came back undefined.
+    const omittableOnInput = ctx.io === "input" && inputOptin(def.valueType) !== undefined;
+    if (keyValues && !def.partial && !omittableOnInput) {
         const validKeyValues = [...keyValues].filter((v) => typeof v === "string" || typeof v === "number");
         if (validKeyValues.length > 0) {
-            json.required = validKeyValues;
+            json.required = validKeyValues.map(String);
         }
     }
 };
 export const nullableProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
-    const inner = process(def.innerType, ctx, params);
+    const inner = processSchema(def.innerType, ctx, params);
     const seen = ctx.seen.get(schema);
     if (ctx.target === "openapi-3.0") {
         seen.ref = def.innerType;
@@ -457,28 +671,50 @@ export const nullableProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
 };
 export const nonoptionalProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
-    process(def.innerType, ctx, params);
+    processSchema(def.innerType, ctx, params);
     const seen = ctx.seen.get(schema);
     seen.ref = def.innerType;
 };
+/** Round-trips a default value through JSON so the emitted schema is guaranteed to be valid JSON.
+ * A BigInt has no reliable encoding, so it goes through `unrepresentable` like any other
+ * unrepresentable value. Returns a sentinel when the caller must not write a default of its own. */
+const UNREPRESENTABLE_DEFAULT = Symbol();
+function serializeDefaultValue(value, schema, ctx, json, params) {
+    let unrepresentable = false;
+    const serialized = JSON.stringify(value, (_, val) => {
+        if (typeof val !== "bigint")
+            return val;
+        unrepresentable = true;
+        return null;
+    });
+    if (!unrepresentable)
+        return JSON.parse(serialized);
+    handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "BigInt defaults cannot be represented in JSON Schema");
+    return UNREPRESENTABLE_DEFAULT;
+}
 export const defaultProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
-    process(def.innerType, ctx, params);
+    processSchema(def.innerType, ctx, params);
     const seen = ctx.seen.get(schema);
     seen.ref = def.innerType;
-    json.default = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(def.defaultValue));
+    const value = serializeDefaultValue(def.defaultValue, schema, ctx, json, params);
+    if (value !== UNREPRESENTABLE_DEFAULT)
+        json.default = value;
 };
 export const prefaultProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
-    process(def.innerType, ctx, params);
+    processSchema(def.innerType, ctx, params);
     const seen = ctx.seen.get(schema);
     seen.ref = def.innerType;
-    if (ctx.io === "input")
-        json._prefault = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(def.defaultValue));
+    if (ctx.io !== "input")
+        return;
+    const value = serializeDefaultValue(def.defaultValue, schema, ctx, json, params);
+    if (value !== UNREPRESENTABLE_DEFAULT)
+        json._prefault = value;
 };
 export const catchProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
-    process(def.innerType, ctx, params);
+    processSchema(def.innerType, ctx, params);
     const seen = ctx.seen.get(schema);
     seen.ref = def.innerType;
     let catchValue;
@@ -486,39 +722,41 @@ export const catchProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
         catchValue = def.catchValue(undefined);
     }
     catch {
-        throw new Error("Dynamic catch values are not supported in JSON Schema");
+        handleUnrepresentable(schema, ctx, json, params, "Dynamic catch values are not supported in JSON Schema");
+        return;
     }
     json.default = catchValue;
 };
 export const pipeProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
-    const innerType = ctx.io === "input" ? (def.in._zod.def.type === "transform" ? def.out : def.in) : def.out;
-    process(innerType, ctx, params);
+    const inIsTransform = def.in._zod.traits.has("$ZodTransform");
+    const innerType = ctx.io === "input" ? (inIsTransform ? def.out : def.in) : def.out;
+    processSchema(innerType, ctx, params);
     const seen = ctx.seen.get(schema);
     seen.ref = innerType;
 };
 export const readonlyProcessor = (schema, ctx, json, params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
-    process(def.innerType, ctx, params);
+    processSchema(def.innerType, ctx, params);
     const seen = ctx.seen.get(schema);
     seen.ref = def.innerType;
     json.readOnly = true;
 };
 export const promiseProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
-    process(def.innerType, ctx, params);
+    processSchema(def.innerType, ctx, params);
     const seen = ctx.seen.get(schema);
     seen.ref = def.innerType;
 };
 export const optionalProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
     const def = schema._zod.def;
-    process(def.innerType, ctx, params);
+    processSchema(def.innerType, ctx, params);
     const seen = ctx.seen.get(schema);
     seen.ref = def.innerType;
 };
 export const lazyProcessor = (schema, ctx, _json, params) => {
     const innerType = schema._zod.innerType;
-    process(innerType, ctx, params);
+    processSchema(innerType, ctx, params);
     const seen = ctx.seen.get(schema);
     seen.ref = innerType;
 };
@@ -573,7 +811,7 @@ export function toJSONSchema(input, params) {
         // First pass: process all schemas to build the seen map
         for (const entry of registry._idmap.entries()) {
             const [_, schema] = entry;
-            process(schema, ctx);
+            processSchema(schema, ctx);
         }
         const schemas = {};
         const external = {
@@ -587,7 +825,7 @@ export function toJSONSchema(input, params) {
         for (const entry of registry._idmap.entries()) {
             const [key, schema] = entry;
             extractDefs(ctx, schema);
-            schemas[key] = finalize(ctx, schema);
+            assignProp(schemas, key, finalize(ctx, schema));
         }
         if (Object.keys(defs).length > 0) {
             const defsSegment = ctx.target === "draft-2020-12" ? "$defs" : "definitions";
@@ -599,7 +837,7 @@ export function toJSONSchema(input, params) {
     }
     // Single schema case
     const ctx = initializeContext({ ...params, processors: allProcessors });
-    process(input, ctx);
+    processSchema(input, ctx);
     extractDefs(ctx, input);
     return finalize(ctx, input);
 }