@mudraforge/statutory 2.11.0 → 2.13.0

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/business_combinations_indas_103/circulars/mca_notification_indas_103_business_combinations.md

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+---
+id: mca_notification_indas_103_business_combinations
+title: Ministry of Corporate Affairs Notification on Ind AS 103 Business Combinations
+authority: Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)
+date: 2015-02-16
+statutory_section: Ind AS 103 read with Companies Act 2013 Section 133
+valid_from: 2015-04-01
+valid_to: OPEN_ENDED
+temporal_status: ACTIVE
+official_url: https://www.mca.gov.in/content/mca/global/en/acts-rules/ebooks/accounting-standards.html
+---
+
+# MCA Notification: Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 — Ind AS 103 Business Combinations
+
+## 1. Executive Summary & Statutory Background
+Ind AS 103 establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer:
+- Recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree.
+- Recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase.
+- Determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination.
+
+Ind AS 103 is converged with International Financial Reporting Standard 3 (IFRS 3) and conceptually aligned with US GAAP ASC Topic 805.
+
+## 2. The Four Pillars of the Acquisition Method
+Every business combination within the scope of Ind AS 103 must be accounted for using the **acquisition method**:
+1. **Identifying the Acquirer**: The entity that obtains control of another entity (the acquiree) per Ind AS 110 principles.
+2. **Determining the Acquisition Date**: The date on which the acquirer obtains control of the acquiree (generally the closing date when legal transfer occurs and consideration is paid).
+3. **Recognizing and Measuring Identifiable Assets, Liabilities, and NCI**:
+   - Assets and liabilities are measured at their acquisition-date fair values.
+   - Intangible assets meeting either the contractual-legal criterion or the separability criterion (e.g. brand names, customer contracts, proprietary source code) must be recognized separately from goodwill.
+   - Corresponding deferred tax liabilities (DTLs) are recognized on the step-up of asset book values over tax bases under Ind AS 12.
+4. **Recognizing and Measuring Goodwill or Bargain Purchase Gain**:
+   - `Goodwill = Consideration Transferred + Non-Controlling Interest + Pre-existing Interest - Net Identifiable Assets`.
+   - Goodwill is capitalized and tested for impairment at least annually under Ind AS 36.
+
+## 3. Treatment of Contingent Consideration (Earnouts)
+- Contingent consideration must be recognized at fair value on the acquisition date as part of the consideration transferred.
+- If classified as equity, it is not remeasured and settlement is accounted for within equity.
+- If classified as a financial liability, subsequent changes in fair value are recognized in Profit or Loss under Ind AS 109.
+
+## 4. Prohibition on Capitalizing Transaction Costs
+All acquisition-related costs (finder's fees, legal, accounting, valuation, advisory fees) must be expensed in the periods in which they are incurred. They cannot be included in purchase consideration or capitalized into goodwill.

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/business_combinations_indas_103/forms/purchase_price_allocation_schedule.json

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+{
+  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+  "title": "IndAS103PurchasePriceAllocationSchedule",
+  "description": "Standardized regulatory and compliance reporting schedule for business combinations, purchase price allocation (PPA), and goodwill determination under Ind AS 103 / IFRS 3.",
+  "type": "object",
+  "required": [
+    "acquisitionIdentifier",
+    "acquirerName",
+    "acquireeName",
+    "acquisitionDate",
+    "considerationTransferred",
+    "identifiableAssetsAcquired",
+    "liabilitiesAssumed",
+    "nonControllingInterest",
+    "goodwillOrBargainPurchase"
+  ],
+  "properties": {
+    "acquisitionIdentifier": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "pattern": "^[A-Z0-9_-]+$"
+    },
+    "acquirerName": {
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    "acquireeName": {
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    "acquisitionDate": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "format": "date"
+    },
+    "considerationTransferred": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "required": [
+        "cashConsiderationInr",
+        "equitySharesFairValueInr",
+        "contingentConsiderationFairValueInr",
+        "deferredConsiderationPresentValueInr",
+        "totalConsiderationTransferredInr"
+      ],
+      "properties": {
+        "cashConsiderationInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 },
+        "equitySharesFairValueInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 },
+        "contingentConsiderationFairValueInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 },
+        "deferredConsiderationPresentValueInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 },
+        "totalConsiderationTransferredInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 }
+      }
+    },
+    "identifiableAssetsAcquired": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "required": [
+        "tangibleAssetsFairValueInr",
+        "identifiableIntangiblesFairValueInr",
+        "totalIdentifiableAssetsInr"
+      ],
+      "properties": {
+        "tangibleAssetsFairValueInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 },
+        "identifiableIntangiblesFairValueInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 },
+        "totalIdentifiableAssetsInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 }
+      }
+    },
+    "liabilitiesAssumed": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "required": [
+        "borrowingsFairValueInr",
+        "tradePayablesAndAccrualsInr",
+        "deferredTaxLiabilityInr",
+        "totalLiabilitiesAssumedInr"
+      ],
+      "properties": {
+        "borrowingsFairValueInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 },
+        "tradePayablesAndAccrualsInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 },
+        "deferredTaxLiabilityInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 },
+        "totalLiabilitiesAssumedInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 }
+      }
+    },
+    "nonControllingInterest": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "required": [
+        "measurementMethod",
+        "nciPercentage",
+        "nciAmountInr"
+      ],
+      "properties": {
+        "measurementMethod": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "enum": ["PROPORTIONATE_SHARE", "FAIR_VALUE"]
+        },
+        "nciPercentage": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0, "maximum": 100 },
+        "nciAmountInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 }
+      }
+    },
+    "goodwillOrBargainPurchase": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "required": [
+        "netIdentifiableAssetsInr",
+        "disposition",
+        "resultingAmountInr"
+      ],
+      "properties": {
+        "netIdentifiableAssetsInr": { "type": "number" },
+        "disposition": {
+          "type": "string",
+          "enum": ["GOODWILL_RECOGNIZED", "BARGAIN_PURCHASE_CAPITAL_RESERVE"]
+        },
+        "resultingAmountInr": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0 }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/business_combinations_indas_103/section.json

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+{
+  "sectionId": "INDAS_103_IFRS_3_BUSINESS_COMBINATIONS",
+  "sectionCode": "INDAS-103-IFRS-3",
+  "aliases": [
+    "Ind AS 103",
+    "IFRS 3",
+    "ASC 805",
+    "business combinations",
+    "purchase price allocation",
+    "PPA",
+    "goodwill",
+    "bargain purchase",
+    "capital reserve",
+    "contingent consideration",
+    "earnouts",
+    "identifiable net assets",
+    "acquisition method",
+    "mergers and acquisitions",
+    "M&A accounting"
+  ],
+  "governingStatute": "Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 read with Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, IFRS 3, and US GAAP FASB ASC Topic 805",
+  "statutorySection": "Ind AS 103 (Business Combinations) converged with IFRS 3 and aligned with US GAAP ASC 805",
+  "successorStatute": "Companies Act, 2013 (Indian Accounting Standards)",
+  "successorSection": "Ind AS 103",
+  "title": "Business Combinations & Purchase Price Allocation (Acquisition Method, Identifiable Net Assets, Goodwill vs Capital Reserve, and Contingent Consideration)",
+  "effectivePeriod": {
+    "validFrom": "2015-04-01",
+    "validTo": "OPEN_ENDED",
+    "annualReset": "Acquisition date purchase price allocation with 1-year measurement period; annual goodwill impairment test under Ind AS 36",
+    "sunsetNotes": "Mandatory accounting standard notified via MCA G.S.R. 111(E) effective FY 2015-16 onwards."
+  },
+  "plainTextSummary": "Under Ind AS 103 (converged with IFRS 3 and aligned with US GAAP ASC Topic 805), an entity accounts for each business combination by applying the acquisition method. The acquisition method requires: (1) identifying the acquirer; (2) determining the acquisition date (the date on which the acquirer obtains control of the acquiree); (3) recognizing and measuring the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest (NCI) in the acquiree at their acquisition-date fair values; and (4) recognizing and measuring goodwill or a gain from a bargain purchase. Identifiable assets include separately recognized intangible assets (such as customer relationships, brand names, software, and patents) regardless of whether they were recognized by the acquiree prior to acquisition, with corresponding deferred tax liabilities recognized under Ind AS 12 for the fair value step-up. Consideration transferred is measured at acquisition-date fair value, including cash, fair value of equity instruments issued, and the fair value of contingent consideration (earnouts). Non-controlling interest is measured either at fair value or at the NCI's proportionate share of the acquiree's identifiable net assets. If the aggregate of consideration transferred, NCI, and pre-existing equity interest exceeds the net acquisition-date fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities, the excess is recognized as Goodwill (tested annually for impairment under Ind AS 36; amortization is prohibited). Conversely, if the net identifiable assets exceed the acquisition basis, the excess represents a Bargain Purchase Gain; after a mandatory reassessment of all acquired assets and liabilities, the gain is recognized directly in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) and accumulated in Equity as Capital Reserve. Acquisition-related costs (such as finder's fees, legal, accounting, valuation, and advisory fees) are expensed in the periods in which the costs are incurred and must not be capitalized into goodwill.",
+  "keyStatutoryThresholds": {
+    "measurementPeriodMaxMonths": 12,
+    "acquisitionCostsExpensedImmediately": true,
+    "goodwillAmortizationProhibited": true,
+    "annualGoodwillTestingMandatory": true,
+    "bargainPurchaseReassessmentMandatory": true,
+    "contingentConsiderationFairValueAtAcquisition": true
+  },
+  "officialCitations": [
+    {
+      "authority": "Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)",
+      "instrument": "Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (G.S.R. 111(E))",
+      "subject": "Notification of Ind AS 103 (Business Combinations)",
+      "officialUrl": "https://www.mca.gov.in/content/mca/global/en/acts-rules/ebooks/accounting-standards.html"
+    },
+    {
+      "authority": "Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)",
+      "instrument": "ICAI Educational Material on Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 103",
+      "subject": "Practical guidance on identifying the acquirer, purchase price allocation, intangible asset valuation, and deferred tax accounting",
+      "officialUrl": "https://www.icai.org/post.html?post_id=14323"
+    }
+  ],
+  "requiredDocumentChecklist": [
+    "Executed Business Transfer Agreement (BTA), Share Purchase Agreement (SPA), or Scheme of Amalgamation sanctioned by NCLT",
+    "Independent Registered Valuer (RV) Purchase Price Allocation (PPA) report valuing tangible and intangible assets",
+    "Schedule of separately identifiable intangible assets (customer lists, software, trademarks, technology)",
+    "Contingent consideration valuation model, probability-weighted milestone matrix, and discount rate documentation",
+    "Deferred tax reconciliation statement detailing temporary differences arising from fair value step-ups under Ind AS 12",
+    "Board resolution and shareholder approvals authorizing consideration structure and acquisition terms"
+  ],
+  "tier": "PUBLIC_COMMONS_FREE",
+  "version": "2.11.0"
+}

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/impairment_of_assets_indas_36/ast.json

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+{
+  "sectionId": "INDAS36_IMPAIRMENT",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "governingStatute": "Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015",
+  "statutorySection": "Ind AS 36 / IAS 36",
+  "successorStatute": "Ind AS 36",
+  "successorSection": "Ind AS 36",
+  "triggerPolicy": {
+    "type": "TRANSACTION_DATE",
+    "description": "CGU recoverable amount vs carrying value test"
+  },
+  "computation": {
+    "archetype": "IMPAIRMENT_TESTING_INDAS36",
+    "recoverableAmountRule": "HIGHER_OF_FV_LESS_COSTS_OR_VALUE_IN_USE"
+  },
+  "rounding": {
+    "transactionLine": "COMMERCIAL_PAISA",
+    "assessmentTotal": "COMMERCIAL_PAISA"
+  }
+}

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/impairment_of_assets_indas_36/circulars/mca_notification_indas_36_impairment.md

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+---
+id: mca_notification_indas_36_impairment
+title: MCA Notification G.S.R. 111(E): Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 notifying Ind AS 36
+authority: Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Government of India
+date: 2015-02-16
+statutory_section: Ind AS 36 read with Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013
+valid_from: 2015-04-01
+valid_to: OPEN_ENDED
+temporal_status: ACTIVE
+official_url: https://www.mca.gov.in/content/mca/global/en/acts-rules/ebooks/accounting-standards.html
+---
+
+# Ministry of Corporate Affairs — Notification G.S.R. 111(E)
+
+## Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015: Ind AS 36
+
+**Authority**: Ministry of Corporate Affairs, New Delhi  
+**Effective Date**: 1st April, 2015  
+**Applicability**: Mandatory for all companies governed by Ind AS under Section 133 of the Companies Act, 2013  
+
+### Statutory Objective
+The Central Government notified the **Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 36: Impairment of Assets**, converging with **IAS 36** and aligned with **US GAAP ASC Topics 360 and 350**. Ind AS 36 establishes procedures that an entity applies to ensure that its assets are carried at no more than their recoverable amount.
+
+### Primary Recognition & Measurement Principles
+
+1. **Identifying an Asset That May Be Impaired (Paragraphs 7–17)**
+   - External sources of information: significant decline in asset market value, adverse technological/market/economic/legal changes, market interest rate increases reducing discount rates, carrying amount of company net assets exceeding market capitalization.
+   - Internal sources of information: obsolescence or physical damage, discontinued operations or restructuring, economic performance worse than expected.
+   - Mandatory annual testing regardless of indicators for goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives.
+
+2. **Measuring Recoverable Amount (Paragraphs 18–57)**
+   - Recoverable amount is the **higher of** an asset's or CGU's **fair value less costs of disposal** and its **value in use**.
+   - If either exceeds carrying amount, the asset is not impaired and calculation of the other amount is unnecessary.
+   - Value in Use: Reflects estimated future cash flows, expectations about possible variations, time value of money (pre-tax discount rate), and price for bearing uncertainty.
+
+3. **Recognizing and Allocating an Impairment Loss (Paragraphs 58–108)**
+   - If recoverable amount < carrying amount, reduce carrying amount to recoverable amount and recognize an **impairment loss immediately in profit or loss**.
+   - For a Cash-Generating Unit (CGU), the impairment loss shall be allocated:
+     1. First, to reduce the carrying amount of any **goodwill** allocated to the CGU.
+     2. Second, to the **other assets of the unit pro-rata** on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset.
+   - Constraint: In allocating an impairment loss, the carrying amount of an asset shall not be reduced below the highest of its fair value less costs of disposal (if measurable), its value in use (if determinable), and zero.
+
+4. **Reversing an Impairment Loss (Paragraphs 109–125)**
+   - An impairment loss recognized for **goodwill shall never be reversed** in a subsequent period.
+   - For other assets, an impairment loss recognized in prior periods is reversed only if there has been a change in estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The increased carrying amount cannot exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of amortization/depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized.

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/impairment_of_assets_indas_36/forms/cgu_impairment_testing_register.json

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+{
+  "formId": "INDAS_36_CGU_IMPAIRMENT_TESTING_REGISTER",
+  "title": "Ind AS 36 / IAS 36 Cash-Generating Unit (CGU) Impairment Testing & Goodwill Allocation Register",
+  "governingStandard": "Ind AS 36 read with IAS 36 and US GAAP ASC 360/350",
+  "authority": "Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) & ICAI",
+  "version": "2.11.0",
+  "schema": {
+    "reportingEntity": {
+      "corporateIdentityNumber": { "type": "string", "required": true },
+      "companyName": { "type": "string", "required": true },
+      "evaluationDate": { "type": "string", "format": "date", "required": true }
+    },
+    "cguDetails": {
+      "cguId": { "type": "string", "required": true },
+      "cguName": { "type": "string", "required": true },
+      "operatingSegment": { "type": "string", "required": true },
+      "initialCarryingAmounts": {
+        "goodwill": { "type": "number", "required": true },
+        "propertyPlantEquipment": { "type": "number", "required": true },
+        "intangibleAssets": { "type": "number", "required": true },
+        "otherNonCurrentAssets": { "type": "number", "default": 0 },
+        "totalCarryingAmount": { "type": "number", "required": true }
+      }
+    },
+    "recoverableAmountDetermination": {
+      "fairValueLessCostsOfDisposal": { "type": "number", "default": 0 },
+      "valueInUse": {
+        "preTaxDiscountRatePercent": { "type": "number", "required": true },
+        "projectedCashFlowsFiveYears": {
+          "type": "array",
+          "items": { "type": "number" },
+          "required": true
+        },
+        "terminalValue": { "type": "number", "default": 0 },
+        "computedValueInUse": { "type": "number", "required": true }
+      },
+      "determinedRecoverableAmount": { "type": "number", "required": true },
+      "recoverableMethod": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "enum": ["FAIR_VALUE_LESS_COSTS_OF_DISPOSAL", "VALUE_IN_USE"],
+        "required": true
+      }
+    },
+    "impairmentAllocation": {
+      "impairmentLossRecognized": { "type": "boolean", "required": true },
+      "totalImpairmentLossInr": { "type": "number", "required": true },
+      "goodwillWriteDownInr": { "type": "number", "required": true },
+      "ppeWriteDownInr": { "type": "number", "required": true },
+      "intangiblesWriteDownInr": { "type": "number", "required": true },
+      "closingCarryingAmountCguInr": { "type": "number", "required": true }
+    }
+  }
+}

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/impairment_of_assets_indas_36/section.json

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+{
+  "sectionId": "INDAS_36_IAS_36_IMPAIRMENT_OF_ASSETS",
+  "sectionCode": "INDAS-36-IAS-36",
+  "aliases": [
+    "Ind AS 36",
+    "IAS 36",
+    "ASC 360",
+    "ASC 350",
+    "impairment of assets",
+    "recoverable amount",
+    "fair value less costs of disposal",
+    "value in use",
+    "cash generating unit",
+    "CGU",
+    "goodwill impairment",
+    "impairment reversal"
+  ],
+  "governingStatute": "Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 read with Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, IAS 36, and US GAAP FASB ASC Topic 360 & 350",
+  "statutorySection": "Ind AS 36 (Impairment of Assets) converged with IAS 36 and aligned with US GAAP ASC 360/350",
+  "successorStatute": "Companies Act, 2013 (Indian Accounting Standards)",
+  "successorSection": "Ind AS 36",
+  "title": "Impairment of Assets & Cash-Generating Units (Recoverable Amount Determination, Goodwill Priority Allocation, and Reversal Boundaries)",
+  "effectivePeriod": {
+    "validFrom": "2015-04-01",
+    "validTo": "OPEN_ENDED",
+    "annualReset": "Annual mandatory impairment test for goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives; indicator-based testing for other assets",
+    "sunsetNotes": "Mandatory standard notified via MCA G.S.R. 111(E) effective FY 2015-16 onwards."
+  },
+  "plainTextSummary": "Under Ind AS 36 (converged with IAS 36 and aligned with US GAAP ASC 360 & 350), an entity ensures that its assets are carried at no more than their recoverable amount. An asset is impaired when its carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount of an asset or a cash-generating unit (CGU) is the higher of: (1) its fair value less costs of disposal (the price that would be received to sell an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants less incremental direct costs); and (2) its value in use (the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from an asset or CGU using a pre-tax discount rate reflecting current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset). If the recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset or CGU is reduced to its recoverable amount and the difference is recognized immediately as an impairment loss in Profit and Loss. For a CGU, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit, and then pro-rata to the other assets of the unit based on their relative carrying amounts (subject to asset floor constraints where no asset is reduced below the highest of fair value less costs of disposal, value in use, or zero). Goodwill impairment cannot be reversed under any circumstances; impairment losses for other assets are assessed annually and reversed if estimates have changed, capped at depreciated historical cost.",
+  "keyStatutoryThresholds": {
+    "annualGoodwillTestingMandatory": true,
+    "recoverableAmountRule": "HIGHER_OF_FVLCOD_AND_VIU",
+    "goodwillFirstLossAllocationMandatory": true,
+    "goodwillImpairmentReversalForbidden": true,
+    "otherAssetsReversalCappedAtHistoricalDepreciatedCost": true
+  },
+  "officialCitations": [
+    {
+      "authority": "Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)",
+      "instrument": "Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (G.S.R. 111(E))",
+      "subject": "Notification of Ind AS 36 (Impairment of Assets)",
+      "officialUrl": "https://www.mca.gov.in/content/mca/global/en/acts-rules/ebooks/accounting-standards.html"
+    },
+    {
+      "authority": "Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)",
+      "instrument": "ICAI Educational Material on Indian Accounting Standard (Ind AS) 36",
+      "subject": "Guidance on CGU identification, value in use discounting, terminal value growth rates, and impairment disclosures",
+      "officialUrl": "https://www.icai.org/post.html?post_id=14323"
+    }
+  ],
+  "requiredDocumentChecklist": [
+    "Board-approved five-year financial projections and operating budgets for CGUs",
+    "Discount rate calculation worksheet (pre-tax WACC / CAPM cost of equity)",
+    "External valuation reports for Fair Value Less Costs of Disposal (if applicable)",
+    "Goodwill allocation schedule across operating Cash-Generating Units",
+    "Asset register with historical cost, accumulated depreciation, and carrying amount",
+    "Independent external audit memo on terminal value growth rates and sensitivity analysis"
+  ],
+  "tier": "PUBLIC_COMMONS_FREE",
+  "version": "2.11.0"
+}

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/loss_carryforward_sec79/ast.json

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "sectionId": "ITACT1961_SEC79",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "governingStatute": "Income-tax Act, 1961",
+  "statutorySection": "Section 79",
+  "successorStatute": "Income-tax Act, 2025",
+  "successorSection": "Section 79 equivalent",
+  "triggerPolicy": {
+    "type": "TRANSACTION_DATE",
+    "description": "Evaluated at annual tax return filing based on beneficial shareholding continuity"
+  },
+  "guards": [
+    {
+      "id": "GUARD_IBC_RESOLUTION",
+      "field": "isIbcResolutionPlan",
+      "operator": "IS_TRUE",
+      "onMatch": {
+        "action": "HALT_EXEMPT",
+        "disposition": "EXEMPT_IBC_RESOLUTION_PLAN",
+        "reason": "Section 79(2)(c) exemption for companies whose resolution plan is approved under IBC 2016"
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "computation": {
+    "archetype": "VOTING_CONTINUITY_PERCENTAGE",
+    "standardContinuityThresholdPercent": 51.0,
+    "dpiitStartupRelief": true
+  },
+  "rounding": {
+    "transactionLine": "COMMERCIAL_PAISA",
+    "assessmentTotal": "COMMERCIAL_PAISA"
+  }
+}

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/share_based_payments_indas_102/ast.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+  "sectionId": "INDAS102_SHARE_BASED_PAYMENTS",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "governingStatute": "Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015",
+  "statutorySection": "Ind AS 102 / ASC 718",
+  "successorStatute": "Ind AS 102",
+  "successorSection": "Ind AS 102",
+  "triggerPolicy": {
+    "type": "TRANSACTION_DATE",
+    "description": "Grant date fair value ESOP graded vesting expense amortization"
+  },
+  "computation": {
+    "archetype": "SHARE_BASED_PAYMENTS_INDAS102",
+    "vestingModel": "GRADED_VESTING_AMORTIZATION"
+  },
+  "rounding": {
+    "transactionLine": "COMMERCIAL_PAISA",
+    "assessmentTotal": "COMMERCIAL_PAISA"
+  }
+}

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/share_based_payments_indas_102/circulars/icai_guidance_share_based_payments.md

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+---
+id: icai_guidance_share_based_payments
+title: ICAI Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments and Graded Vesting Mechanics
+authority: Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)
+date: 2020-07-01
+statutory_section: Ind AS 102 read with Section 133 of Companies Act 2013 and Section 37(1) Income-tax Act
+valid_from: 2015-04-01
+valid_to: OPEN_ENDED
+temporal_status: ACTIVE
+official_url: https://www.icai.org/post.html?post_id=14323
+---
+
+# ICAI Guidance: Accounting for Employee Share-Based Payments (Ind AS 102 / IFRS 2 / ASC 718)
+
+## 1. Scope & Core Principle
+Ind AS 102 specifies the financial reporting by an entity when it undertakes a share-based payment transaction. For equity-settled transactions, goods or services received are measured at the fair value of equity instruments granted at grant date, credited to Share-Based Payment Reserve.
+
+## 2. Graded Vesting vs Straight-Line Amortization
+Under Ind AS 102, paragraph 15, if stock options vest in installments over the vesting period (e.g., 25% after 1 year, 25% after 2 years, 25% after 3 years, 25% after 4 years):
+- **Mandatory Separate Tranche Treatment**: Each installment (tranche) must be accounted for as a separate award with its own service period.
+- **Front-Loaded P&L Charge**:
+  - Tranche 1 (25%) is expensed over 1 year (100% in Year 1).
+  - Tranche 2 (25%) is expensed over 2 years (50% Year 1, 50% Year 2).
+  - Tranche 3 (25%) is expensed over 3 years (33.3% Year 1, 33.3% Year 2, 33.3% Year 3).
+  - Tranche 4 (25%) is expensed over 4 years (25% each across Years 1-4).
+- **Year 1 Total Expense**: 25% + 12.5% + 8.33% + 6.25% = 52.08% of the total grant-date fair value is recognized in Year 1 alone. Single straight-line averaging (25% per year) is strictly prohibited under Ind AS 102.
+
+## 3. Group / Cross-Border Recharge Agreements
+Where a parent entity (e.g., Delaware C-Corp) grants options over its own shares to employees of an Indian subsidiary:
+- If the subsidiary has no obligation to settle, the subsidiary accounts for the transaction as **equity-settled**, recognizing employee compensation expense and a capital contribution from parent.
+- If an intercompany recharge agreement mandates the subsidiary to reimburse the parent in cash upon exercise:
+  - The recharge obligation is accounted for as a distribution of equity or intercompany liability up to the fair value recognized.
+
+## 4. Indian Income Tax Deduction (Biocon Special Bench Principle)
+Pursuant to the landmark Special Bench ruling in *CIT v. Biocon Ltd* (affirmed by the Supreme Court of India):
+- The discount on issue of ESOPs (FMV at grant minus exercise price) is not a notional loss, but an **ascertained liability incurred for the purpose of business**.
+- It is allowable as a deductible business expenditure under **Section 37(1)** of the Income-tax Act, 1961, spread over the vesting period.

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/share_based_payments_indas_102/forms/esop_graded_vesting_amortization_schedule.json

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+{
+  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+  "title": "Ind AS 102 / IFRS 2 ESOP Graded Vesting Amortization Schedule",
+  "description": "Calculates the mandatory tranche-by-tranche front-loaded amortization schedule of equity-settled share-based payment compensation expense.",
+  "type": "object",
+  "required": [
+    "grantDate",
+    "totalOptionsGranted",
+    "grantDateFairValuePerOptionInr",
+    "vestingTranches"
+  ],
+  "properties": {
+    "grantDate": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "format": "date",
+      "description": "Grant date YYYY-MM-DD"
+    },
+    "schemeName": {
+      "type": "string",
+      "description": "Name of ESOP scheme or grant plan"
+    },
+    "totalOptionsGranted": {
+      "type": "integer",
+      "minimum": 1
+    },
+    "exercisePriceInr": {
+      "type": "number",
+      "minimum": 0
+    },
+    "grantDateFairValuePerOptionInr": {
+      "type": "number",
+      "minimum": 0.01,
+      "description": "Option fair value determined via Black-Scholes-Merton model"
+    },
+    "vestingTranches": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "required": ["trancheNumber", "vestingYears", "allocationPercentage"],
+        "properties": {
+          "trancheNumber": { "type": "integer", "minimum": 1 },
+          "vestingYears": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0.5 },
+          "allocationPercentage": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0, "maximum": 100 },
+          "expectedForfeitureRate": { "type": "number", "minimum": 0, "maximum": 100, "default": 0 }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/share_based_payments_indas_102/section.json

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+{
+  "sectionId": "INDAS_102_IFRS_2_ASC_718_SHARE_BASED_PAYMENTS",
+  "sectionCode": "INDAS-102-ASC-718",
+  "aliases": [
+    "Ind AS 102",
+    "IFRS 2",
+    "ASC 718",
+    "ESOP",
+    "stock options",
+    "share-based payment",
+    "graded vesting",
+    "Black-Scholes",
+    "stock compensation",
+    "equity-settled",
+    "ESOP reserve"
+  ],
+  "governingStatute": "Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 read with Section 133 of Companies Act, 2013, ICAI Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments, and US GAAP FASB ASC Topic 718 (Stock Compensation)",
+  "statutorySection": "Ind AS 102 (Share-based Payment) converged with IFRS 2 and aligned with US GAAP ASC 718",
+  "successorStatute": "Companies Act, 2013 (Indian Accounting Standards)",
+  "successorSection": "Ind AS 102",
+  "title": "Share-Based Payments & Employee Stock Options (ESOP Grant-Date Fair Value & Graded Vesting Amortization)",
+  "effectivePeriod": {
+    "validFrom": "2015-04-01",
+    "validTo": "OPEN_ENDED",
+    "annualReset": "Annual vesting tranche evaluation, forfeiture true-ups, and equity reserve roll-forward at reporting dates",
+    "sunsetNotes": "Mandatory standard notified via MCA G.S.R. 111(E) effective FY 2015-16 onwards."
+  },
+  "plainTextSummary": "Under Ind AS 102 (converged with IFRS 2 and aligned with US GAAP ASC 718), equity-settled share-based payment transactions (such as Employee Stock Option Plans / ESOPs) must be measured at the grant-date fair value of the equity instruments granted, typically determined using an option pricing model such as Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) or a binomial lattice model. For equity-settled awards, the fair value is fixed at grant date and is not subsequently remeasured for changes in stock price. Where awards vest in tranches over multiple years (graded vesting, e.g. 25% each year over 4 years), Ind AS 102 mandates that each tranche must be treated as a separate award with its own distinct service period, resulting in front-loaded compensation expense in profit or loss rather than a single straight-line average over the total 4 years. For cross-border structures (e.g. US Delaware Parent issuing options to employees of its Indian operating subsidiary), the transaction is accounted for in the subsidiary as an equity contribution from the parent credit to Share-Based Payment Reserve and a debit to Employee Benefit Expense, subject to intercompany recharge agreements. Under Indian Income Tax law, the employee is subject to salary TDS under Section 192 read with Section 17(2)(vi) and Rule 3(8) on the exercise date based on Fair Market Value (FMV) determined by a SEBI-registered Category-I Merchant Banker minus exercise price; meanwhile, the company is entitled to claim ESOP discount as an allowable business deduction under Section 37(1) across the vesting period pursuant to the Supreme Court affirmation of the Special Bench ruling in CIT v. Biocon Ltd.",
+  "keyStatutoryThresholds": {
+    "valuationModelMandatory": "OPTION_PRICING_MODEL_BLACK_SCHOLES_OR_BINOMIAL",
+    "grantDateFairValueFixedForEquitySettled": true,
+    "gradedVestingSeparateTrancheAccountingMandatory": true,
+    "taxDeductibleUnderSection37_1BioconDoctrine": true,
+    "perquisiteTaxUnderSection17_2_viOnExercise": true,
+    "valuationAuthorityForTaxPerquisite": "SEBI_REGISTERED_CAT_I_MERCHANT_BANKER"
+  },
+  "officialCitations": [
+    {
+      "authority": "Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA)",
+      "instrument": "Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015 (G.S.R. 111(E))",
+      "subject": "Notification of Ind AS 102 Share-based Payment",
+      "officialUrl": "https://www.mca.gov.in/content/mca/global/en/acts-rules/ebooks/accounting-standards.html"
+    },
+    {
+      "authority": "Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI)",
+      "instrument": "ICAI Guidance Note on Accounting for Employee Share-based Payments",
+      "subject": "Technical implementation on option pricing models, graded vesting, and group share-based payment arrangements",
+      "officialUrl": "https://www.icai.org/post.html?post_id=14323"
+    }
+  ],
+  "requiredDocumentChecklist": [
+    "Board & Shareholder Approved ESOP Scheme Document",
+    "Independent Valuer Black-Scholes Grant-Date Fair Value Report",
+    "Grant Letter detailing Grant Date, Exercise Price, and Tranche Vesting Dates",
+    "Graded Vesting Amortization Schedule per Tranche",
+    "SEBI Category-I Merchant Banker Valuation Report on Exercise Date (Rule 3(8) TDS perquisite)"
+  ],
+  "tier": "PUBLIC_COMMONS_FREE",
+  "version": "2.11.0"
+}

package/okf/corporate_ma_restructuring/slump_sale_50b/ast.json

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+{
+  "sectionId": "ITACT1961_SEC50B",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "governingStatute": "Income-tax Act, 1961",
+  "statutorySection": "Section 50B read with Rule 11UAE",
+  "successorStatute": "Income-tax Act, 2025",
+  "successorSection": "Section 50B equivalent",
+  "triggerPolicy": {
+    "type": "TRANSACTION_DATE",
+    "description": "Lump-sum business undertaking transfer capital gains computation"
+  },
+  "computation": {
+    "archetype": "SLUMP_SALE_NET_WORTH_50B",
+    "excludeRevaluationReserve": true,
+    "depreciableAssetBasis": "WDV_UNDER_SECTION_43_6"
+  },
+  "rounding": {
+    "transactionLine": "COMMERCIAL_PAISA",
+    "assessmentTotal": "COMMERCIAL_PAISA"
+  }
+}