@minhduydev/mdpi 0.3.0

package/dist/template/.pi/skills/core-data-expert/references/performance.md

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+# Performance Optimization
+
+Optimizing Core Data performance requires understanding where bottlenecks occur and applying targeted solutions.
+
+## Profiling with Instruments
+
+### Time Profiler
+
+1. In Xcode: Product → Profile
+2. Select Time Profiler
+3. Record while using app
+4. Find heaviest stack traces
+
+**Look for:**
+- Excessive faulting
+- Slow fetch requests
+- Save operations taking too long
+
+### Allocations Instrument
+
+1. Product → Profile
+2. Select Allocations
+3. Monitor memory growth
+4. Identify retained objects
+
+**Look for:**
+- Unbounded memory growth
+- Objects not being released
+- Large allocations
+
+## SQL Debug Logging
+
+Enable SQL logging:
+```
+-com.apple.CoreData.SQLDebug 1
+```
+
+**Output:**
+```sql
+CoreData: sql: SELECT Z_PK, ZNAME FROM ZARTICLE WHERE ZVIEWS > ? LIMIT 20
+CoreData: annotation: sql execution time: 0.0023s
+```
+
+**Analyze:**
+- Query complexity
+- Execution time
+- Number of queries (N+1 problem)
+
+## Common Performance Issues
+
+### 1. N+1 Query Problem
+
+**Problem:**
+```swift
+// Fetches articles
+let articles = try context.fetch(Article.fetchRequest())
+
+// Each access fires a fault (N queries)
+for article in articles {
+    print(article.category?.name) // Fault!
+}
+```
+
+**Solution:**
+```swift
+let fetchRequest = Article.fetchRequest()
+fetchRequest.relationshipKeyPathsForPrefetching = ["category"]
+let articles = try context.fetch(fetchRequest)
+
+// No faults fired
+for article in articles {
+    print(article.category?.name) // Already loaded
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Fetching Too Much Data
+
+**Problem:**
+```swift
+// Fetches all properties of all objects
+let articles = try context.fetch(Article.fetchRequest())
+let count = articles.count
+```
+
+**Solution:**
+```swift
+// Only counts, doesn't fetch objects
+let count = try context.count(for: Article.fetchRequest())
+```
+
+### 3. Not Using Batch Sizes
+
+**Problem:**
+```swift
+// Loads 10,000 objects into memory
+let fetchRequest = Article.fetchRequest()
+let articles = try context.fetch(fetchRequest)
+```
+
+**Solution:**
+```swift
+fetchRequest.fetchBatchSize = 20
+// Only loads 20 at a time
+```
+
+### 4. Fetching Unnecessary Properties
+
+**Problem:**
+```swift
+// Fetches all properties
+let fetchRequest = Article.fetchRequest()
+```
+
+**Solution:**
+```swift
+fetchRequest.propertiesToFetch = ["name", "creationDate"]
+// Only fetches needed properties
+```
+
+### 5. Saving Too Frequently
+
+**Problem:**
+```swift
+for item in items {
+    item.processed = true
+    try? context.save() // Very slow!
+}
+```
+
+**Solution:**
+```swift
+for item in items {
+    item.processed = true
+}
+try? context.save() // Save once
+```
+
+### 6. Not Resetting Context
+
+**Problem:**
+```swift
+// Context accumulates objects
+for i in 0..<10000 {
+    let article = Article(context: context)
+    // Memory grows unbounded
+}
+```
+
+**Solution:**
+```swift
+for i in 0..<10000 {
+    let article = Article(context: context)
+    
+    if i % 100 == 0 {
+        try? context.save()
+        context.reset() // Clear memory
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Memory Management
+
+### Context Reset
+
+```swift
+context.reset()
+```
+
+**When to use:**
+- After processing large batches
+- When context accumulates many objects
+- To free memory
+
+**Caution:** Invalidates all fetched objects from this context.
+
+### Refresh Objects
+
+```swift
+context.refresh(article, mergeChanges: false)
+```
+
+**When to use:**
+- Discard in-memory changes
+- Free memory for specific object
+- Reload from database
+
+### Turn Objects into Faults
+
+```swift
+context.refreshAllObjects()
+```
+
+**When to use:**
+- Free memory across all objects
+- After large operations
+- When memory is constrained
+
+## Fetch Request Optimization
+
+### Checklist
+
+```swift
+let fetchRequest = Article.fetchRequest()
+
+// [x] Set batch size
+fetchRequest.fetchBatchSize = 20
+
+// [x] Limit properties
+fetchRequest.propertiesToFetch = ["name", "views"]
+
+// [x] Prefetch relationships
+fetchRequest.relationshipKeyPathsForPrefetching = ["category"]
+
+// [x] Use predicate to filter
+fetchRequest.predicate = NSPredicate(format: "views > %d", 100)
+
+// [x] Set fetch limit if applicable
+fetchRequest.fetchLimit = 10
+
+// [x] Specify sort descriptors
+fetchRequest.sortDescriptors = [NSSortDescriptor(key: "name", ascending: true)]
+```
+
+## Batch Operations
+
+For large-scale operations, use batch requests:
+
+```swift
+// Instead of:
+for article in articles {
+    article.isRead = true
+}
+try context.save()
+
+// Use:
+let batchUpdate = NSBatchUpdateRequest(entityName: "Article")
+batchUpdate.propertiesToUpdate = ["isRead": true]
+try context.execute(batchUpdate)
+```
+
+**Benefits:**
+- 10-20x faster
+- Lower memory usage
+- SQL-level operations
+
+## Data Generators for Testing
+
+Create reproducible test datasets:
+
+```swift
+class DataGenerator {
+    func generate(count: Int, in context: NSManagedObjectContext) {
+        for i in 0..<count {
+            let article = Article(context: context)
+            article.name = "Article \(i)"
+            
+            if i % 100 == 0 {
+                try? context.save()
+                context.reset()
+            }
+        }
+        try? context.save()
+    }
+}
+
+// Usage
+let generator = DataGenerator()
+generator.generate(count: 10000, in: backgroundContext)
+```
+
+## Profiling Checklist
+
+1. **Enable SQL debug** - See actual queries
+2. **Profile with Time Profiler** - Find slow operations
+3. **Profile with Allocations** - Find memory issues
+4. **Test with realistic data** - Small datasets hide problems
+5. **Monitor on device** - Simulator performance differs
+6. **Test on older devices** - Performance varies
+
+## Quick Wins
+
+1. **Use `count(for:)` instead of fetching** - 100x faster
+2. **Set `fetchBatchSize`** - Reduces memory
+3. **Prefetch relationships** - Eliminates N+1 queries
+4. **Use `propertiesToFetch`** - Reduces data transfer
+5. **Reset context periodically** - Frees memory
+6. **Use batch operations** - 10-20x faster for bulk changes
+7. **Save conditionally** - Check `hasPersistentChanges`
+8. **Use background contexts** - Keep UI responsive
+
+## Summary
+
+1. **Profile first** - Measure before optimizing
+2. **Use Instruments** - Time Profiler and Allocations
+3. **Enable SQL debug** - Understand query behavior
+4. **Optimize fetch requests** - Batch size, properties, prefetching
+5. **Use batch operations** - For large-scale changes
+6. **Reset contexts** - Free memory periodically
+7. **Test with real data** - Small datasets hide issues
+8. **Monitor on devices** - Real-world performance matters