@maestro-ai/mcp-server 1.1.0 → 2.0.0

package/dist/content/skills/specialist-arquitetura-avancada/resources/examples/architecture-examples.md

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+# Architecture Examples - Casos de Uso Completos
+
+**Versão:** 1.0  
+**Data:** 01/02/2026
+
+Este documento contém 5 exemplos completos e production-ready de aplicação de padrões de Arquitetura Avançada.
+
+---
+
+## 📚 Índice de Exemplos
+
+1. [E-commerce com DDD e Bounded Contexts](#exemplo-1-e-commerce-com-ddd)
+2. [Sistema Financeiro com CQRS](#exemplo-2-sistema-financeiro-com-cqrs)
+3. [Event Sourcing para Auditoria](#exemplo-3-event-sourcing-para-auditoria)
+4. [Microservices com API Gateway](#exemplo-4-microservices-com-api-gateway)
+5. [Saga Pattern para Transações Distribuídas](#exemplo-5-saga-pattern)
+
+---
+
+## Exemplo 1: E-commerce com DDD
+
+### Contexto
+
+Sistema de e-commerce com múltiplos bounded contexts seguindo Domain-Driven Design.
+
+### Bounded Contexts Identificados
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                    E-commerce System                     │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│                                                          │
+│  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐ │
+│  │   Catalog    │  │    Order     │  │   Payment    │ │
+│  │   Context    │  │   Context    │  │   Context    │ │
+│  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘ │
+│         │                 │                  │          │
+│         └─────────────────┴──────────────────┘          │
+│                           │                             │
+│  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐ │
+│  │   Shipping   │  │   Customer   │  │  Inventory   │ │
+│  │   Context    │  │   Context    │  │   Context    │ │
+│  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘ │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Catalog Context
+
+**Responsabilidade:** Gerenciar produtos, categorias e catálogo
+
+**Linguagem Ubíqua:**
+- **Product:** Item vendável com SKU, preço e estoque
+- **Category:** Agrupamento hierárquico de produtos
+- **SKU:** Stock Keeping Unit - identificador único do produto
+
+**Aggregates:**
+
+```typescript
+// Product Aggregate
+class Product extends AggregateRoot {
+  private constructor(
+    public readonly id: ProductId,
+    private name: string,
+    private description: string,
+    private price: Money,
+    private category: CategoryId,
+    private sku: SKU
+  ) {
+    super();
+  }
+  
+  static create(
+    name: string,
+    description: string,
+    price: Money,
+    category: CategoryId,
+    sku: SKU
+  ): Product {
+    const product = new Product(
+      ProductId.generate(),
+      name,
+      description,
+      price,
+      category,
+      sku
+    );
+    
+    product.raise(new ProductCreated(
+      product.id,
+      name,
+      price,
+      sku
+    ));
+    
+    return product;
+  }
+  
+  updatePrice(newPrice: Money): void {
+    if (newPrice.isNegative()) {
+      throw new DomainException('Price cannot be negative');
+    }
+    
+    const oldPrice = this.price;
+    this.price = newPrice;
+    
+    this.raise(new ProductPriceChanged(
+      this.id,
+      oldPrice,
+      newPrice
+    ));
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Order Context
+
+**Responsabilidade:** Gerenciar pedidos e checkout
+
+**Aggregates:**
+
+```typescript
+// Order Aggregate
+class Order extends AggregateRoot {
+  private items: OrderItem[] = [];
+  private status: OrderStatus = OrderStatus.PENDING;
+  
+  static create(customerId: CustomerId): Order {
+    const order = new Order(
+      OrderId.generate(),
+      customerId
+    );
+    
+    order.raise(new OrderCreated(order.id, customerId));
+    return order;
+  }
+  
+  addItem(productId: ProductId, quantity: number, price: Money): void {
+    // Invariant: Order must be in PENDING status
+    this.ensurePending();
+    
+    // Invariant: Quantity must be positive
+    if (quantity <= 0) {
+      throw new DomainException('Quantity must be positive');
+    }
+    
+    const item = new OrderItem(productId, quantity, price);
+    this.items.push(item);
+    
+    this.raise(new OrderItemAdded(
+      this.id,
+      productId,
+      quantity,
+      price
+    ));
+  }
+  
+  checkout(): void {
+    // Invariant: Order must have items
+    if (this.items.length === 0) {
+      throw new DomainException('Cannot checkout empty order');
+    }
+    
+    this.status = OrderStatus.CONFIRMED;
+    
+    this.raise(new OrderConfirmed(
+      this.id,
+      this.calculateTotal(),
+      this.items
+    ));
+  }
+  
+  private calculateTotal(): Money {
+    return this.items.reduce(
+      (total, item) => total.add(item.subtotal()),
+      Money.zero()
+    );
+  }
+  
+  private ensurePending(): void {
+    if (this.status !== OrderStatus.PENDING) {
+      throw new DomainException('Order is not in pending status');
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Context Mapping
+
+```
+Catalog ←→ Order (Customer/Supplier)
+  - Order consome dados de Product (preço, disponibilidade)
+  - Anticorruption Layer no Order para traduzir Product
+
+Order → Payment (Published Language)
+  - Order publica OrderConfirmed event
+  - Payment subscreve e processa pagamento
+
+Payment → Order (Conformist)
+  - Payment notifica sucesso/falha
+  - Order atualiza status
+
+Order → Shipping (Published Language)
+  - Order publica OrderPaid event
+  - Shipping cria shipment
+
+Inventory ←→ Order (Shared Kernel)
+  - Compartilham conceito de Stock
+  - Atualização coordenada
+```
+
+---
+
+## Exemplo 2: Sistema Financeiro com CQRS
+
+### Contexto
+
+Sistema bancário com alta carga de leitura (consultas de saldo) e necessidade de auditoria completa.
+
+### Arquitetura CQRS
+
+```
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                  Command Side (Write)                │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│  CreateAccount → AccountAggregate → AccountCreated  │
+│  Deposit       → AccountAggregate → MoneyDeposited  │
+│  Withdraw      → AccountAggregate → MoneyWithdrawn  │
+│  Transfer      → AccountAggregate → MoneyTransferred│
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+                        ↓
+                  Event Store
+                        ↓
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                  Query Side (Read)                   │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│  GetAccountBalance    → BalanceReadModel            │
+│  GetTransactionHistory → TransactionReadModel       │
+│  GetAccountStatement  → StatementReadModel          │
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+### Command Side
+
+```typescript
+// Commands
+interface DepositMoney {
+  commandId: string;
+  accountId: string;
+  amount: number;
+  currency: string;
+  description: string;
+}
+
+interface WithdrawMoney {
+  commandId: string;
+  accountId: string;
+  amount: number;
+  currency: string;
+  description: string;
+}
+
+// Command Handlers
+class DepositMoneyHandler {
+  async handle(command: DepositMoney): Promise<void> {
+    // 1. Load aggregate
+    const account = await this.repository.findById(command.accountId);
+    
+    // 2. Execute domain logic
+    account.deposit(
+      Money.of(command.amount, command.currency),
+      command.description
+    );
+    
+    // 3. Save aggregate (persists events)
+    await this.repository.save(account);
+  }
+}
+
+// Aggregate
+class Account extends AggregateRoot {
+  private balance: Money = Money.zero();
+  private transactions: Transaction[] = [];
+  
+  deposit(amount: Money, description: string): void {
+    // Validate
+    if (amount.isNegativeOrZero()) {
+      throw new DomainException('Amount must be positive');
+    }
+    
+    // Apply event
+    this.apply(new MoneyDeposited(
+      this.id,
+      amount,
+      description,
+      new Date()
+    ));
+  }
+  
+  withdraw(amount: Money, description: string): void {
+    // Invariant: Sufficient balance
+    if (this.balance.isLessThan(amount)) {
+      throw new InsufficientBalanceException();
+    }
+    
+    this.apply(new MoneyWithdrawn(
+      this.id,
+      amount,
+      description,
+      new Date()
+    ));
+  }
+  
+  // Event handlers (apply state changes)
+  private onMoneyDeposited(event: MoneyDeposited): void {
+    this.balance = this.balance.add(event.amount);
+    this.transactions.push(new Transaction(
+      event.amount,
+      'DEPOSIT',
+      event.description,
+      event.occurredAt
+    ));
+  }
+  
+  private onMoneyWithdrawn(event: MoneyWithdrawn): void {
+    this.balance = this.balance.subtract(event.amount);
+    this.transactions.push(new Transaction(
+      event.amount,
+      'WITHDRAWAL',
+      event.description,
+      event.occurredAt
+    ));
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Query Side
+
+```typescript
+// Read Models (desnormalizados para performance)
+interface BalanceReadModel {
+  accountId: string;
+  balance: number;
+  currency: string;
+  lastUpdated: Date;
+}
+
+interface TransactionReadModel {
+  transactionId: string;
+  accountId: string;
+  type: 'DEPOSIT' | 'WITHDRAWAL' | 'TRANSFER';
+  amount: number;
+  currency: string;
+  description: string;
+  timestamp: Date;
+  balanceAfter: number;
+}
+
+// Query Handlers
+class GetAccountBalanceHandler {
+  async handle(query: GetAccountBalance): Promise<BalanceReadModel> {
+    // Read from optimized read model
+    return await this.balanceRepository.findByAccountId(query.accountId);
+  }
+}
+
+// Projectors (atualizam read models via eventos)
+class BalanceProjector {
+  async onMoneyDeposited(event: MoneyDeposited): Promise<void> {
+    const current = await this.repository.findByAccountId(event.accountId);
+    
+    await this.repository.upsert({
+      accountId: event.accountId,
+      balance: current.balance + event.amount.value,
+      currency: event.amount.currency,
+      lastUpdated: event.occurredAt
+    });
+  }
+  
+  async onMoneyWithdrawn(event: MoneyWithdrawn): Promise<void> {
+    const current = await this.repository.findByAccountId(event.accountId);
+    
+    await this.repository.upsert({
+      accountId: event.accountId,
+      balance: current.balance - event.amount.value,
+      currency: event.amount.currency,
+      lastUpdated: event.occurredAt
+    });
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Exemplo 3: Event Sourcing para Auditoria
+
+### Contexto
+
+Sistema de compliance que requer auditoria completa de todas as mudanças de estado.
+
+### Event Store Implementation
+
+```typescript
+// Event Store
+interface DomainEvent {
+  eventId: string;
+  eventType: string;
+  eventVersion: number;
+  aggregateId: string;
+  aggregateType: string;
+  aggregateVersion: number;
+  occurredAt: Date;
+  userId: string;
+  data: any;
+}
+
+class PostgresEventStore {
+  async appendEvents(
+    aggregateId: string,
+    events: DomainEvent[],
+    expectedVersion: number
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const client = await this.pool.connect();
+    
+    try {
+      await client.query('BEGIN');
+      
+      // Optimistic locking
+      const { rows } = await client.query(
+        'SELECT MAX(aggregate_version) as version FROM events WHERE aggregate_id = $1',
+        [aggregateId]
+      );
+      
+      const currentVersion = rows[0]?.version || 0;
+      
+      if (currentVersion !== expectedVersion) {
+        throw new ConcurrencyException(
+          `Expected version ${expectedVersion}, but current is ${currentVersion}`
+        );
+      }
+      
+      // Append events
+      for (const event of events) {
+        await client.query(
+          `INSERT INTO events (
+            event_id, event_type, event_version,
+            aggregate_id, aggregate_type, aggregate_version,
+            occurred_at, user_id, data
+          ) VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9)`,
+          [
+            event.eventId,
+            event.eventType,
+            event.eventVersion,
+            event.aggregateId,
+            event.aggregateType,
+            event.aggregateVersion,
+            event.occurredAt,
+            event.userId,
+            JSON.stringify(event.data)
+          ]
+        );
+      }
+      
+      await client.query('COMMIT');
+    } catch (error) {
+      await client.query('ROLLBACK');
+      throw error;
+    } finally {
+      client.release();
+    }
+  }
+  
+  async getEvents(aggregateId: string): Promise<DomainEvent[]> {
+    const { rows } = await this.pool.query(
+      `SELECT * FROM events 
+       WHERE aggregate_id = $1 
+       ORDER BY aggregate_version ASC`,
+      [aggregateId]
+    );
+    
+    return rows.map(row => ({
+      eventId: row.event_id,
+      eventType: row.event_type,
+      eventVersion: row.event_version,
+      aggregateId: row.aggregate_id,
+      aggregateType: row.aggregate_type,
+      aggregateVersion: row.aggregate_version,
+      occurredAt: row.occurred_at,
+      userId: row.user_id,
+      data: row.data
+    }));
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Temporal Queries
+
+```typescript
+class AuditService {
+  // Consultar estado em qualquer ponto do tempo
+  async getAggregateAtTime(
+    aggregateId: string,
+    timestamp: Date
+  ): Promise<any> {
+    const events = await this.eventStore.getEventsUntil(
+      aggregateId,
+      timestamp
+    );
+    
+    return this.aggregateFactory.fromEvents(events);
+  }
+  
+  // Gerar relatório de auditoria
+  async generateAuditReport(
+    aggregateId: string,
+    from: Date,
+    to: Date
+  ): Promise<AuditReport> {
+    const events = await this.eventStore.getEventsBetween(
+      aggregateId,
+      from,
+      to
+    );
+    
+    return {
+      aggregateId,
+      period: { from, to },
+      changes: events.map(e => ({
+        timestamp: e.occurredAt,
+        user: e.userId,
+        action: e.eventType,
+        details: e.data
+      }))
+    };
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Exemplo 4: Microservices com API Gateway
+
+### Contexto
+
+Sistema distribuído com múltiplos microservices e API Gateway como ponto de entrada único.
+
+### Arquitetura
+
+```
+┌──────────────┐
+│   Client     │
+└──────┬───────┘
+       │
+┌──────▼────────────────────────────────────┐
+│         API Gateway (Kong)                │
+│  - Authentication                         │
+│  - Rate Limiting                          │
+│  - Request Routing                        │
+│  - Response Aggregation                   │
+└──────┬────────────────────────────────────┘
+       │
+       ├─────────► User Service (Port 3001)
+       ├─────────► Order Service (Port 3002)
+       ├─────────► Product Service (Port 3003)
+       └─────────► Payment Service (Port 3004)
+```
+
+### API Gateway Configuration (Kong)
+
+```yaml
+services:
+  - name: user-service
+    url: http://user-service:3001
+    routes:
+      - name: user-routes
+        paths:
+          - /api/users
+        methods:
+          - GET
+          - POST
+          - PUT
+          - DELETE
+    plugins:
+      - name: jwt
+        config:
+          claims_to_verify:
+            - exp
+      - name: rate-limiting
+        config:
+          minute: 100
+          policy: local
+      - name: cors
+        config:
+          origins:
+            - "*"
+          
+  - name: order-service
+    url: http://order-service:3002
+    routes:
+      - name: order-routes
+        paths:
+          - /api/orders
+    plugins:
+      - name: jwt
+      - name: request-transformer
+        config:
+          add:
+            headers:
+              - X-User-Id:$(headers.user_id)
+```
+
+### Service Implementation
+
+```typescript
+// User Service
+@Controller('/api/users')
+export class UserController {
+  @Get('/:id')
+  async getUser(@Param('id') id: string): Promise<UserDto> {
+    return await this.userService.findById(id);
+  }
+  
+  @Post('/')
+  async createUser(@Body() dto: CreateUserDto): Promise<UserDto> {
+    return await this.userService.create(dto);
+  }
+}
+
+// Order Service (com circuit breaker)
+export class OrderService {
+  private userServiceCircuit = new CircuitBreaker(
+    this.callUserService.bind(this),
+    {
+      timeout: 3000,
+      errorThresholdPercentage: 50,
+      resetTimeout: 30000
+    }
+  );
+  
+  async createOrder(dto: CreateOrderDto): Promise<Order> {
+    // 1. Validar usuário (com circuit breaker)
+    const user = await this.userServiceCircuit.fire(dto.userId);
+    
+    // 2. Criar ordem
+    const order = await this.orderRepository.create({
+      userId: dto.userId,
+      items: dto.items
+    });
+    
+    // 3. Publicar evento
+    await this.eventBus.publish(new OrderCreated(order.id));
+    
+    return order;
+  }
+  
+  private async callUserService(userId: string): Promise<User> {
+    const response = await axios.get(
+      `http://user-service:3001/api/users/${userId}`
+    );
+    return response.data;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Exemplo 5: Saga Pattern
+
+### Contexto
+
+Transação distribuída para processar pedido (Order → Payment → Inventory → Shipping).
+
+### Orchestration-Based Saga
+
+```typescript
+// Saga Orchestrator
+class OrderSaga {
+  async execute(command: CreateOrderCommand): Promise<void> {
+    const sagaId = uuid();
+    const compensation: CompensationStep[] = [];
+    
+    try {
+      // Step 1: Create Order
+      const orderId = await this.orderService.createOrder(command);
+      compensation.push({
+        action: () => this.orderService.cancelOrder(orderId),
+        description: 'Cancel Order'
+      });
+      
+      // Step 2: Process Payment
+      const paymentId = await this.paymentService.processPayment({
+        orderId,
+        amount: command.totalAmount
+      });
+      compensation.push({
+        action: () => this.paymentService.refund(paymentId),
+        description: 'Refund Payment'
+      });
+      
+      // Step 3: Reserve Inventory
+      await this.inventoryService.reserve({
+        orderId,
+        items: command.items
+      });
+      compensation.push({
+        action: () => this.inventoryService.release(orderId),
+        description: 'Release Inventory'
+      });
+      
+      // Step 4: Schedule Shipping
+      await this.shippingService.schedule({
+        orderId,
+        address: command.shippingAddress
+      });
+      
+      // Success!
+      await this.sagaRepository.markCompleted(sagaId);
+      
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Execute compensations in reverse order
+      for (const step of compensation.reverse()) {
+        try {
+          await step.action();
+        } catch (compensationError) {
+          // Log but continue with other compensations
+          this.logger.error(
+            `Compensation failed: ${step.description}`,
+            compensationError
+          );
+        }
+      }
+      
+      await this.sagaRepository.markFailed(sagaId, error);
+      throw new SagaFailedException(sagaId, error);
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+**Total de Exemplos:** 5 cenários production-ready  
+**Linhas de Código:** ~400 linhas  
+**Última Atualização:** 01/02/2026