@luquimbo/bi-superpowers 1.0.0

package/library/snippets/dax/calculation-groups.md

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+# Calculation Groups in DAX
+
+Patterns for creating and using calculation groups for time intelligence, currency conversion, and measure formatting.
+
+---
+
+## What Are Calculation Groups?
+
+Calculation groups modify how measures are evaluated without changing the measures themselves. They're created in external tools (Tabular Editor, TMDL) and consist of:
+
+- **Calculation Group**: Container table
+- **Calculation Items**: Individual modifiers (e.g., YTD, PY, MTD)
+- **SELECTEDMEASURE()**: Reference to the measure being modified
+
+---
+
+## Time Intelligence Calculation Group
+
+### Basic Time Intelligence Items
+
+```dax
+// Calculation Group: Time Calculations
+// Column: Time Calculation
+
+// Item: Current
+SELECTEDMEASURE()
+
+// Item: YTD (Year-to-Date)
+CALCULATE(
+    SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+    DATESYTD('Date'[Date])
+)
+
+// Item: PY (Prior Year)
+CALCULATE(
+    SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+    SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR('Date'[Date])
+)
+
+// Item: YTD PY (Prior Year YTD)
+CALCULATE(
+    SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+    DATESYTD(SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR('Date'[Date]))
+)
+
+// Item: QTD (Quarter-to-Date)
+CALCULATE(
+    SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+    DATESQTD('Date'[Date])
+)
+
+// Item: MTD (Month-to-Date)
+CALCULATE(
+    SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+    DATESMTD('Date'[Date])
+)
+
+// Item: Rolling 12 Months
+CALCULATE(
+    SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+    DATESINPERIOD('Date'[Date], MAX('Date'[Date]), -12, MONTH)
+)
+
+// Item: Rolling 3 Months
+CALCULATE(
+    SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+    DATESINPERIOD('Date'[Date], MAX('Date'[Date]), -3, MONTH)
+)
+```
+
+### YoY Variance Items
+
+```dax
+// Item: YoY Abs (Year-over-Year Absolute)
+VAR _Current = SELECTEDMEASURE()
+VAR _PY = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR('Date'[Date]))
+RETURN
+    _Current - _PY
+
+// Item: YoY % (Year-over-Year Percentage)
+VAR _Current = SELECTEDMEASURE()
+VAR _PY = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR('Date'[Date]))
+RETURN
+    DIVIDE(_Current - _PY, ABS(_PY))
+
+// Item: YTD YoY % (YTD Year-over-Year Percentage)
+VAR _CurrentYTD = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), DATESYTD('Date'[Date]))
+VAR _PYYTD = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), DATESYTD(SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR('Date'[Date])))
+RETURN
+    DIVIDE(_CurrentYTD - _PYYTD, ABS(_PYYTD))
+```
+
+### Fiscal Year Time Intelligence
+
+```dax
+// Item: FYTD (Fiscal Year-to-Date)
+// Assumes July 1 fiscal year start
+CALCULATE(
+    SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+    DATESYTD('Date'[Date], "6-30")  // Fiscal year end
+)
+
+// Item: FY PY (Fiscal Prior Year)
+CALCULATE(
+    SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+    DATEADD('Date'[Date], -1, YEAR)
+)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Currency Conversion Calculation Group
+
+### Multi-Currency Items
+
+```dax
+// Calculation Group: Currency
+// Column: Currency Display
+
+// Item: Local Currency
+SELECTEDMEASURE()
+
+// Item: USD
+VAR _Result = SELECTEDMEASURE()
+VAR _AvgRate = AVERAGE(DimCurrency[ToUSD_Rate])
+RETURN
+    _Result * _AvgRate
+
+// Item: EUR
+VAR _Result = SELECTEDMEASURE()
+VAR _AvgRate = AVERAGE(DimCurrency[ToEUR_Rate])
+RETURN
+    _Result * _AvgRate
+
+// Item: GBP
+VAR _Result = SELECTEDMEASURE()
+VAR _AvgRate = AVERAGE(DimCurrency[ToGBP_Rate])
+RETURN
+    _Result * _AvgRate
+```
+
+### With Historical Rates
+
+```dax
+// Item: USD (Historical Rate)
+SUMX(
+    VALUES('Date'[Date]),
+    VAR _DailyAmount = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE())
+    VAR _DailyRate =
+        CALCULATE(
+            VALUES(DimExchangeRate[ToUSD]),
+            DimExchangeRate[Date] = EARLIER('Date'[Date])
+        )
+    RETURN
+        _DailyAmount * _DailyRate
+)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Budget vs Actual Calculation Group
+
+### Scenario Comparison Items
+
+```dax
+// Calculation Group: Scenario Analysis
+// Column: Scenario
+
+// Item: Actual
+CALCULATE(
+    SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+    DimScenario[ScenarioName] = "Actual"
+)
+
+// Item: Budget
+CALCULATE(
+    SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+    DimScenario[ScenarioName] = "Budget"
+)
+
+// Item: Forecast
+CALCULATE(
+    SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+    DimScenario[ScenarioName] = "Forecast"
+)
+
+// Item: Variance (Actual - Budget)
+VAR _Actual = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), DimScenario[ScenarioName] = "Actual")
+VAR _Budget = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), DimScenario[ScenarioName] = "Budget")
+RETURN
+    _Actual - _Budget
+
+// Item: Variance %
+VAR _Actual = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), DimScenario[ScenarioName] = "Actual")
+VAR _Budget = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), DimScenario[ScenarioName] = "Budget")
+RETURN
+    DIVIDE(_Actual - _Budget, ABS(_Budget))
+
+// Item: Attainment %
+VAR _Actual = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), DimScenario[ScenarioName] = "Actual")
+VAR _Budget = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), DimScenario[ScenarioName] = "Budget")
+RETURN
+    DIVIDE(_Actual, _Budget)
+```
+
+---
+
+## Format String Calculation Group
+
+### Dynamic Formatting Items
+
+```dax
+// Calculation Group: Display Format
+// Column: Format
+
+// Item: Number
+SELECTEDMEASURE()
+// Format String: #,##0
+
+// Item: Currency
+SELECTEDMEASURE()
+// Format String: $#,##0
+
+// Item: Percent
+SELECTEDMEASURE()
+// Format String: 0.0%
+
+// Item: Thousands (K)
+DIVIDE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), 1000)
+// Format String: #,##0 K
+
+// Item: Millions (M)
+DIVIDE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), 1000000)
+// Format String: #,##0.0 M
+
+// Item: Billions (B)
+DIVIDE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), 1000000000)
+// Format String: #,##0.00 B
+```
+
+### Conditional Formatting
+
+```dax
+// Item: Auto Scale
+VAR _Value = SELECTEDMEASURE()
+RETURN
+    SWITCH(
+        TRUE(),
+        ABS(_Value) >= 1000000000, DIVIDE(_Value, 1000000000),
+        ABS(_Value) >= 1000000, DIVIDE(_Value, 1000000),
+        ABS(_Value) >= 1000, DIVIDE(_Value, 1000),
+        _Value
+    )
+// Dynamic format string (requires Tabular Editor 3):
+// "Auto" -- or implement via FORMAT in the item
+```
+
+---
+
+## Advanced Patterns
+
+### Moving Averages
+
+```dax
+// Calculation Group: Moving Averages
+// Column: Moving Average
+
+// Item: Current
+SELECTEDMEASURE()
+
+// Item: 3-Month Moving Average
+AVERAGEX(
+    DATESINPERIOD('Date'[Date], MAX('Date'[Date]), -3, MONTH),
+    CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE())
+)
+
+// Item: 6-Month Moving Average
+AVERAGEX(
+    DATESINPERIOD('Date'[Date], MAX('Date'[Date]), -6, MONTH),
+    CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE())
+)
+
+// Item: 12-Month Moving Average
+AVERAGEX(
+    DATESINPERIOD('Date'[Date], MAX('Date'[Date]), -12, MONTH),
+    CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE())
+)
+```
+
+### Period-over-Period
+
+```dax
+// Item: MoM (Month-over-Month)
+VAR _Current = SELECTEDMEASURE()
+VAR _PM = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), DATEADD('Date'[Date], -1, MONTH))
+RETURN
+    _Current - _PM
+
+// Item: MoM %
+VAR _Current = SELECTEDMEASURE()
+VAR _PM = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), DATEADD('Date'[Date], -1, MONTH))
+RETURN
+    DIVIDE(_Current - _PM, ABS(_PM))
+
+// Item: QoQ (Quarter-over-Quarter)
+VAR _Current = SELECTEDMEASURE()
+VAR _PQ = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), DATEADD('Date'[Date], -1, QUARTER))
+RETURN
+    _Current - _PQ
+
+// Item: QoQ %
+VAR _Current = SELECTEDMEASURE()
+VAR _PQ = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), DATEADD('Date'[Date], -1, QUARTER))
+RETURN
+    DIVIDE(_Current - _PQ, ABS(_PQ))
+```
+
+### Growth Rates
+
+```dax
+// Item: CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate)
+VAR _StartValue =
+    CALCULATE(
+        SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+        FIRSTDATE('Date'[Date])
+    )
+VAR _EndValue =
+    CALCULATE(
+        SELECTEDMEASURE(),
+        LASTDATE('Date'[Date])
+    )
+VAR _Years =
+    DATEDIFF(
+        MIN('Date'[Date]),
+        MAX('Date'[Date]),
+        YEAR
+    )
+RETURN
+    IF(
+        _Years > 0 && _StartValue > 0,
+        POWER(DIVIDE(_EndValue, _StartValue), DIVIDE(1, _Years)) - 1,
+        BLANK()
+    )
+```
+
+---
+
+## Multiple Calculation Groups
+
+### Combining Time + Currency
+
+When you have multiple calculation groups, they compose:
+
+```
+Revenue with "YTD" + "USD" =
+    Revenue calculated YTD, then converted to USD
+```
+
+**Order matters in Tabular Editor:**
+- Set precedence for each calculation group
+- Higher precedence applies outer (last)
+
+```dax
+// If Time has precedence 10, Currency has precedence 20:
+// Currency(Time(SELECTEDMEASURE()))
+
+// The currency conversion wraps the time calculation
+```
+
+### Precedence Example
+
+```
+Calculation Group: Time Intelligence (Precedence: 10)
+Calculation Group: Currency (Precedence: 20)
+Calculation Group: Format (Precedence: 30)
+
+Result: Format(Currency(Time(Measure)))
+```
+
+---
+
+## Using in Reports
+
+### Slicer on Calculation Group
+
+1. Add calculation group column to slicer
+2. User selects "YTD" or "PY"
+3. All measures automatically adjust
+
+### Matrix with Calculation Items
+
+| Product | Current | YTD | PY | YoY % |
+|---------|---------|-----|----|----- |
+| Widget A | 100K | 800K | 90K | 11% |
+| Widget B | 75K | 600K | 80K | -6% |
+
+### Combining with Regular Measures
+
+```dax
+// Measure that uses calculation group result
+Revenue with Time Calc =
+VAR _TimeCalc = SELECTEDVALUE('Time Calculations'[Time Calculation], "Current")
+RETURN
+    SWITCH(
+        _TimeCalc,
+        "Current", [Revenue],
+        "YTD", [Revenue YTD],  // Explicit measure
+        [Revenue]  // Fallback
+    )
+```
+
+---
+
+## Best Practices
+
+### 1. Name Items Clearly
+
+```
+✓ "YTD (Year-to-Date)"
+✓ "PY (Prior Year)"
+✓ "YoY % (Year-over-Year %)"
+
+✗ "Calc1"
+✗ "Time1"
+```
+
+### 2. Include "Current" Item
+
+```dax
+// Always have a baseline item
+// Item: Current
+SELECTEDMEASURE()
+```
+
+### 3. Handle Blanks
+
+```dax
+// Item: YoY % (with blank handling)
+VAR _Current = SELECTEDMEASURE()
+VAR _PY = CALCULATE(SELECTEDMEASURE(), SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR('Date'[Date]))
+RETURN
+    IF(
+        ISBLANK(_PY) || _PY = 0,
+        BLANK(),
+        DIVIDE(_Current - _PY, ABS(_PY))
+    )
+```
+
+### 4. Set Format Strings
+
+Each calculation item can have its own format string:
+
+| Item | Format String |
+|------|---------------|
+| Current | #,##0 |
+| YoY % | 0.0% |
+| YoY Abs | +#,##0;-#,##0;0 |
+
+### 5. Test with Multiple Measures
+
+Calculation groups apply to ALL measures. Test with:
+- Sum measures (Revenue, Quantity)
+- Average measures (Avg Price)
+- Count measures (Customer Count)
+- Ratio measures (Margin %)
+
+---
+
+## Limitations
+
+| Limitation | Workaround |
+|------------|------------|
+| Cannot use with semi-additive measures (Avg, Distinct Count) without care | Create explicit measures for these |
+| Format strings limited in Power BI Desktop | Use Tabular Editor 3 |
+| No nested calculation groups | Set precedence carefully |
+| Can't reference another calc item | Use explicit measures |
+
+---
+
+## Setup Checklist
+
+- [ ] Identify repetitive time intelligence patterns
+- [ ] Create calculation group in Tabular Editor
+- [ ] Add calculation items with clear names
+- [ ] Set format strings for each item
+- [ ] Set precedence if multiple groups
+- [ ] Test with various measure types
+- [ ] Add slicer to report
+- [ ] Document for users