@luma.gl/engine 9.0.0-alpha.9 → 9.0.0-beta.1

package/src/model/model.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,726 @@
+// luma.gl, MIT license
+// Copyright (c) vis.gl contributors
+
+import type {TypedArray, RenderPipelineProps, RenderPipelineParameters} from '@luma.gl/core';
+import type {BufferLayout, VertexArray, TransformFeedback} from '@luma.gl/core';
+import type {AttributeInfo, Binding, UniformValue, PrimitiveTopology} from '@luma.gl/core';
+import {
+  Device,
+  Buffer,
+  RenderPipeline,
+  RenderPass,
+  UniformStore,
+  getTypedArrayFromDataType
+} from '@luma.gl/core';
+import {log, uid, deepEqual, splitUniformsAndBindings, isNumberArray} from '@luma.gl/core';
+import {getAttributeInfosFromLayouts} from '@luma.gl/core';
+import type {ShaderModule, PlatformInfo} from '@luma.gl/shadertools';
+import {ShaderAssembler, getShaderLayoutFromWGSL} from '@luma.gl/shadertools';
+import {ShaderInputs} from '../shader-inputs';
+import type {Geometry} from '../geometry/geometry';
+import {GPUGeometry, makeGPUGeometry} from '../geometry/gpu-geometry';
+import {PipelineFactory} from '../lib/pipeline-factory';
+import {getDebugTableForShaderLayout} from '../debug/debug-shader-layout';
+import {debugFramebuffer} from '../debug/debug-framebuffer';
+
+const LOG_DRAW_PRIORITY = 2;
+const LOG_DRAW_TIMEOUT = 10000;
+
+export type ModelProps = Omit<RenderPipelineProps, 'vs' | 'fs'> & {
+  source?: string;
+  vs: {glsl?: string; wgsl?: string} | string | null;
+  fs: {glsl?: string; wgsl?: string} | string | null;
+  /** shadertool shader modules (added to shader code) */
+  modules?: ShaderModule[];
+  /** Shadertool module defines (configures shader code)*/
+  defines?: Record<string, string | number | boolean>;
+  // TODO - injections, hooks etc?
+
+  /** Shader inputs, used to generated uniform buffers and bindings */
+  shaderInputs?: ShaderInputs;
+  /** pipeline factory to use to create render pipelines. Defaults to default factory for the device */
+  pipelineFactory?: PipelineFactory;
+  /** Shader assembler. Defaults to the ShaderAssembler.getShaderAssembler() */
+  shaderAssembler?: ShaderAssembler;
+
+  /** Parameters that are built into the pipeline */
+  parameters?: RenderPipelineParameters;
+
+  /** Geometry */
+  geometry?: GPUGeometry | Geometry | null;
+
+  /** Vertex count */
+  vertexCount?: number;
+  /** instance count */
+  instanceCount?: number;
+
+  indexBuffer?: Buffer | null;
+  /** @note this is really a map of buffers, not a map of attributes */
+  attributes?: Record<string, Buffer>;
+  /**   */
+  constantAttributes?: Record<string, TypedArray>;
+
+  /** @internal For use with {@link TransformFeedback}, WebGL 2 only. */
+  varyings?: string[];
+
+  transformFeedback?: TransformFeedback;
+
+  /** Mapped uniforms for shadertool modules */
+  moduleSettings?: Record<string, Record<string, any>>;
+};
+
+/**
+ * v9 Model API
+ * A model
+ * - automatically reuses pipelines (programs) when possible
+ * - automatically rebuilds pipelines if necessary to accommodate changed settings
+ * shadertools integration
+ * - accepts modules and performs shader transpilation
+ */
+export class Model {
+  static defaultProps: Required<ModelProps> = {
+    ...RenderPipeline.defaultProps,
+    source: null,
+    vs: null,
+    fs: null,
+    id: 'unnamed',
+    handle: undefined,
+    userData: {},
+    defines: {},
+    modules: [],
+    moduleSettings: undefined!,
+    geometry: null,
+    indexBuffer: null,
+    attributes: {},
+    constantAttributes: {},
+    varyings: [],
+
+    shaderInputs: undefined!,
+    pipelineFactory: undefined!,
+    transformFeedback: undefined,
+    shaderAssembler: ShaderAssembler.getDefaultShaderAssembler()
+  };
+
+  readonly device: Device;
+  readonly id: string;
+  readonly vs: string;
+  readonly fs: string;
+  readonly pipelineFactory: PipelineFactory;
+  userData: {[key: string]: any} = {};
+
+  // Fixed properties (change can trigger pipeline rebuild)
+
+  /** The render pipeline GPU parameters, depth testing etc */
+  parameters: RenderPipelineParameters;
+
+  /** The primitive topology */
+  topology: PrimitiveTopology;
+  /** Buffer layout */
+  bufferLayout: BufferLayout[];
+
+  // Dynamic properties
+
+  /** Vertex count */
+  vertexCount: number;
+  /** instance count */
+  instanceCount: number = 0;
+
+  /** Index buffer */
+  indexBuffer: Buffer | null = null;
+  /** Buffer-valued attributes */
+  bufferAttributes: Record<string, Buffer> = {};
+  /** Constant-valued attributes */
+  constantAttributes: Record<string, TypedArray> = {};
+  /** Bindings (textures, samplers, uniform buffers) */
+  bindings: Record<string, Binding> = {};
+  /** Sets uniforms @deprecated Use uniform buffers and setBindings() for portability*/
+  uniforms: Record<string, UniformValue> = {};
+
+  /**
+   * VertexArray
+   * @note not implemented: if bufferLayout is updated, vertex array has to be rebuilt!
+   * @todo - allow application to define multiple vertex arrays?
+   * */
+  vertexArray: VertexArray;
+
+  /** TransformFeedback, WebGL 2 only. */
+  transformFeedback: TransformFeedback | null = null;
+
+  /** The underlying GPU "program". @note May be recreated if parameters change */
+  pipeline: RenderPipeline;
+
+  /** ShaderInputs instance */
+  shaderInputs: ShaderInputs;
+
+  _uniformStore: UniformStore;
+
+  _pipelineNeedsUpdate: string | false = 'newly created';
+  _attributeInfos: Record<string, AttributeInfo> = {};
+  _gpuGeometry: GPUGeometry | null = null;
+  private _getModuleUniforms: (props?: Record<string, Record<string, any>>) => Record<string, any>;
+  private props: Required<ModelProps>;
+
+  constructor(device: Device, props: ModelProps) {
+    this.props = {...Model.defaultProps, ...props};
+    props = this.props;
+    this.id = props.id || uid('model');
+    this.device = device;
+
+    Object.assign(this.userData, props.userData);
+
+    // Setup shader module inputs
+    const moduleMap = Object.fromEntries(
+      this.props.modules?.map(module => [module.name, module]) || []
+    );
+    this.setShaderInputs(props.shaderInputs || new ShaderInputs(moduleMap));
+
+    const isWebGPU = this.device.info.type === 'webgpu';
+    // TODO - hack to support unified WGSL shader
+    // TODO - this is wrong, compile a single shader
+    if (this.props.source) {
+      if (isWebGPU) {
+        this.props.shaderLayout ||= getShaderLayoutFromWGSL(this.props.source);
+      }
+      this.props.fs = this.props.source;
+      this.props.vs = this.props.source;
+    }
+
+    // Support WGSL shader layout introspection
+    if (isWebGPU && typeof this.props.vs !== 'string') {
+      this.props.shaderLayout ||= getShaderLayoutFromWGSL(this.props.vs.wgsl);
+    }
+
+    // Setup shader assembler
+    const platformInfo = getPlatformInfo(device);
+    const modules =
+      (this.props.modules?.length > 0 ? this.props.modules : this.shaderInputs?.getModules()) || [];
+    const {vs, fs, getUniforms} = this.props.shaderAssembler.assembleShaders({
+      platformInfo,
+      ...this.props,
+      modules
+    });
+
+    this.vs = vs;
+    this.fs = fs;
+    this._getModuleUniforms = getUniforms;
+
+    this.vertexCount = this.props.vertexCount;
+    this.instanceCount = this.props.instanceCount;
+
+    this.topology = this.props.topology;
+    this.bufferLayout = this.props.bufferLayout;
+    this.parameters = this.props.parameters;
+
+    // Geometry, if provided, sets topology and vertex cound
+    if (props.geometry) {
+      this._gpuGeometry = this.setGeometry(props.geometry);
+    }
+
+    this.pipelineFactory =
+      props.pipelineFactory || PipelineFactory.getDefaultPipelineFactory(this.device);
+
+    // Create the pipeline
+    // @note order is important
+    this.pipeline = this._updatePipeline();
+
+    this.vertexArray = device.createVertexArray({
+      renderPipeline: this.pipeline
+    });
+
+    // Now we can apply geometry attributes
+    if (this._gpuGeometry) {
+      this._setGeometryAttributes(this._gpuGeometry);
+    }
+
+    // Apply any dynamic settings that will not trigger pipeline change
+    if (props.vertexCount) {
+      this.setVertexCount(props.vertexCount);
+    }
+    if (props.instanceCount) {
+      this.setInstanceCount(props.instanceCount);
+    }
+    // @ts-expect-error
+    if (props.indices) {
+      throw new Error('Model.props.indices removed. Use props.indexBuffer');
+    }
+    if (props.indexBuffer) {
+      this.setIndexBuffer(props.indexBuffer);
+    }
+    if (props.attributes) {
+      this.setAttributes(props.attributes);
+    }
+    if (props.constantAttributes) {
+      this.setConstantAttributes(props.constantAttributes);
+    }
+    if (props.bindings) {
+      this.setBindings(props.bindings);
+    }
+    if (props.uniforms) {
+      this.setUniforms(props.uniforms);
+    }
+    if (props.moduleSettings) {
+      log.warn('Model.props.moduleSettings is deprecated. Use Model.shaderInputs.setProps()')();
+      this.updateModuleSettings(props.moduleSettings);
+    }
+    if (props.transformFeedback) {
+      this.transformFeedback = props.transformFeedback;
+    }
+
+    // WebGL1?
+    // this.setUniforms(this._getModuleUniforms()); // Get all default module uniforms
+
+    // Catch any access to non-standard props
+    Object.seal(this);
+  }
+
+  destroy(): void {
+    this.pipelineFactory.release(this.pipeline);
+    this._uniformStore.destroy();
+  }
+
+  // Draw call
+
+  predraw() {
+    // Update uniform buffers if needed
+    this.updateShaderInputs();
+  }
+
+  draw(renderPass: RenderPass): void {
+    this.predraw();
+
+    try {
+      this._logDrawCallStart();
+
+      // Check if the pipeline is invalidated
+      // TODO - this is likely the worst place to do this from performance perspective. Perhaps add a predraw()?
+      this.pipeline = this._updatePipeline();
+
+      // Set pipeline state, we may be sharing a pipeline so we need to set all state on every draw
+      // Any caching needs to be done inside the pipeline functions
+      this.pipeline.setBindings(this.bindings);
+      this.pipeline.setUniforms(this.uniforms);
+
+      this.pipeline.draw({
+        renderPass,
+        vertexArray: this.vertexArray,
+        vertexCount: this.vertexCount,
+        instanceCount: this.instanceCount,
+        transformFeedback: this.transformFeedback
+      });
+    } finally {
+      this._logDrawCallEnd();
+    }
+    this._logFramebuffer(renderPass);
+  }
+
+  // Update fixed fields (can trigger pipeline rebuild)
+
+  /**
+   * Updates the optional geometry
+   * Geometry, set topology and bufferLayout
+   * @note Can trigger a pipeline rebuild / pipeline cache fetch on WebGPU
+   */
+  setGeometry(geometry: GPUGeometry | Geometry): GPUGeometry {
+    const gpuGeometry = geometry && makeGPUGeometry(this.device, geometry);
+    this.setTopology(gpuGeometry.topology || 'triangle-list');
+    this.bufferLayout = mergeBufferLayouts(this.bufferLayout, gpuGeometry.bufferLayout);
+    if (this.vertexArray) {
+      this._setGeometryAttributes(gpuGeometry);
+    }
+    return gpuGeometry;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Updates the optional geometry attributes
+   * Geometry, sets several attributes, indexBuffer, and also vertex count
+   * @note Can trigger a pipeline rebuild / pipeline cache fetch on WebGPU
+   */
+  _setGeometryAttributes(gpuGeometry: GPUGeometry): void {
+    // Filter geometry attribute so that we don't issue warnings for unused attributes
+    const attributes = {...gpuGeometry.attributes};
+    for (const [attributeName] of Object.entries(attributes)) {
+      if (
+        !this.pipeline.shaderLayout.attributes.find(layout => layout.name === attributeName) &&
+        attributeName !== 'positions'
+      ) {
+        delete attributes[attributeName];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // TODO - delete previous geometry?
+    this.vertexCount = gpuGeometry.vertexCount;
+    this.setIndexBuffer(gpuGeometry.indices);
+    this.setAttributes(gpuGeometry.attributes, 'ignore-unknown');
+    this.setAttributes(attributes);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Updates the primitive topology ('triangle-list', 'triangle-strip' etc).
+   * @note Triggers a pipeline rebuild / pipeline cache fetch on WebGPU
+   */
+  setTopology(topology: PrimitiveTopology): void {
+    if (topology !== this.topology) {
+      this.topology = topology;
+      this._setPipelineNeedsUpdate('topology');
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Updates the buffer layout.
+   * @note Triggers a pipeline rebuild / pipeline cache fetch on WebGPU
+   */
+  setBufferLayout(bufferLayout: BufferLayout[]): void {
+    this.bufferLayout = this._gpuGeometry
+      ? mergeBufferLayouts(bufferLayout, this._gpuGeometry.bufferLayout)
+      : bufferLayout;
+    this._setPipelineNeedsUpdate('bufferLayout');
+
+    // Recreate the pipeline
+    this.pipeline = this._updatePipeline();
+
+    // vertex array needs to be updated if we update buffer layout,
+    // but not if we update parameters
+    this.vertexArray = this.device.createVertexArray({
+      renderPipeline: this.pipeline
+    });
+
+    // Reapply geometry attributes to the new vertex array
+    if (this._gpuGeometry) {
+      this._setGeometryAttributes(this._gpuGeometry);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set GPU parameters.
+   * @note Can trigger a pipeline rebuild / pipeline cache fetch.
+   * @param parameters
+   */
+  setParameters(parameters: RenderPipelineParameters) {
+    if (!deepEqual(parameters, this.parameters, 2)) {
+      this.parameters = parameters;
+      this._setPipelineNeedsUpdate('parameters');
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Update dynamic fields
+
+  /**
+   * Updates the vertex count (used in draw calls)
+   * @note Any attributes with stepMode=vertex need to be at least this big
+   */
+  setVertexCount(vertexCount: number): void {
+    this.vertexCount = vertexCount;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Updates the instance count (used in draw calls)
+   * @note Any attributes with stepMode=instance need to be at least this big
+   */
+  setInstanceCount(instanceCount: number): void {
+    this.instanceCount = instanceCount;
+  }
+
+  setShaderInputs(shaderInputs: ShaderInputs): void {
+    this.shaderInputs = shaderInputs;
+    this._uniformStore = new UniformStore(this.shaderInputs.modules);
+    // Create uniform buffer bindings for all modules
+    for (const moduleName of Object.keys(this.shaderInputs.modules)) {
+      const uniformBuffer = this._uniformStore.getManagedUniformBuffer(this.device, moduleName);
+      this.bindings[`${moduleName}Uniforms`] = uniformBuffer;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Updates shader module settings (which results in uniforms being set)
+   */
+  setShaderModuleProps(props: Record<string, any>): void {
+    const uniforms = this._getModuleUniforms(props);
+
+    // Extract textures & framebuffers set by the modules
+    // TODO better way to extract bindings
+    const keys = Object.keys(uniforms).filter(k => {
+      const uniform = uniforms[k];
+      return !isNumberArray(uniform) && typeof uniform !== 'number' && typeof uniform !== 'boolean';
+    });
+    const bindings: Record<string, Binding> = {};
+    for (const k of keys) {
+      bindings[k] = uniforms[k];
+      delete uniforms[k];
+    }
+  }
+
+  updateShaderInputs(): void {
+    this._uniformStore.setUniforms(this.shaderInputs.getUniformValues());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Updates shader module settings (which results in uniforms being set)
+   */
+  updateModuleSettings(props: Record<string, any>): void {
+    log.warn('Model.updateModuleSettings is deprecated. Use Model.shaderInputs.setProps()')();
+    const {bindings, uniforms} = splitUniformsAndBindings(this._getModuleUniforms(props));
+    Object.assign(this.bindings, bindings);
+    Object.assign(this.uniforms, uniforms);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets bindings (textures, samplers, uniform buffers)
+   */
+  setBindings(bindings: Record<string, Binding>): void {
+    Object.assign(this.bindings, bindings);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets individual uniforms
+   * @deprecated WebGL only, use uniform buffers for portability
+   * @param uniforms
+   * @returns self for chaining
+   */
+  setUniforms(uniforms: Record<string, UniformValue>): void {
+    this.pipeline.setUniforms(uniforms);
+    Object.assign(this.uniforms, uniforms);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the index buffer
+   * @todo - how to unset it if we change geometry?
+   */
+  setIndexBuffer(indexBuffer: Buffer | null): void {
+    this.vertexArray.setIndexBuffer(indexBuffer);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Updates optional transform feedback. WebGL 2 only.
+   */
+  setTransformFeedback(transformFeedback: TransformFeedback | null): void {
+    this.transformFeedback = transformFeedback;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets attributes (buffers)
+   * @note Overrides any attributes previously set with the same name
+   */
+  setAttributes(buffers: Record<string, Buffer>, _option?: 'ignore-unknown'): void {
+    if (buffers.indices) {
+      log.warn(
+        `Model:${this.id} setAttributes() - indexBuffer should be set using setIndexBuffer()`
+      )();
+    }
+    for (const [bufferName, buffer] of Object.entries(buffers)) {
+      const bufferLayout = this.bufferLayout.find(layout => getAttributeNames(layout).includes(bufferName));
+      if (!bufferLayout) {
+        log.warn(`Model(${this.id}): Missing layout for buffer "${bufferName}".`)();
+        continue; // eslint-disable-line no-continue
+      }
+
+      // For an interleaved attribute we may need to set multiple attributes
+      const attributeNames = getAttributeNames(bufferLayout);
+      let set = false;
+      for (const attributeName of attributeNames) {
+        const attributeInfo = this._attributeInfos[attributeName];
+        if (attributeInfo) {
+          this.vertexArray.setBuffer(attributeInfo.location, buffer);
+          set = true;
+        }
+      }
+      if (!set && _option !== 'ignore-unknown') {
+        log.warn(
+          `Model(${this.id}): Ignoring buffer "${buffer.id}" for unknown attribute "${bufferName}"`
+        )();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets constant attributes
+   * @note Overrides any attributes previously set with the same name
+   * Constant attributes are only supported in WebGL, not in WebGPU
+   * Any attribute that is disabled in the current vertex array object
+   * is read from the context's global constant value for that attribute location.
+   * @param constantAttributes
+   */
+  setConstantAttributes(attributes: Record<string, TypedArray>): void {
+    for (const [attributeName, value] of Object.entries(attributes)) {
+      const attributeInfo = this._attributeInfos[attributeName];
+      if (attributeInfo) {
+        this.vertexArray.setConstant(attributeInfo.location, value);
+      } else {
+        log.warn(
+          `Model "${this.id}: Ignoring constant supplied for unknown attribute "${attributeName}"`
+        )();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  _setPipelineNeedsUpdate(reason: string): void {
+    this._pipelineNeedsUpdate = this._pipelineNeedsUpdate || reason;
+  }
+
+  _updatePipeline(): RenderPipeline {
+    if (this._pipelineNeedsUpdate) {
+      if (this.pipeline) {
+        log.log(
+          1,
+          `Model ${this.id}: Recreating pipeline because "${this._pipelineNeedsUpdate}".`
+        )();
+      }
+      
+      this._pipelineNeedsUpdate = false;
+
+      const vs = this.device.createShader({
+        id: `${this.id}-vertex`,
+        stage: 'vertex',
+        source: this.vs
+      });
+
+      const fs = this.fs
+        ? this.device.createShader({
+          id: `${this.id}-fragment`,
+          stage: 'fragment',
+          source: this.fs
+        })
+        : null;
+
+      this.pipeline = this.device.createRenderPipeline({
+        ...this.props,
+        bufferLayout: this.bufferLayout,
+        topology: this.topology,
+        parameters: this.parameters,
+        vs,
+        fs
+      });
+
+      this._attributeInfos = getAttributeInfosFromLayouts(
+        this.pipeline.shaderLayout,
+        this.bufferLayout
+      );
+    }
+    return this.pipeline;
+  }
+
+  /** Throttle draw call logging */
+  _lastLogTime = 0;
+  _logOpen = false;
+
+  _logDrawCallStart(): void {
+    // IF level is 4 or higher, log every frame.
+    const logDrawTimeout = log.level > 3 ? 0 : LOG_DRAW_TIMEOUT;
+    if (log.level < 2 || Date.now() - this._lastLogTime < logDrawTimeout) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this._lastLogTime = Date.now();
+    this._logOpen = true;
+
+    log.group(LOG_DRAW_PRIORITY, `>>> DRAWING MODEL ${this.id}`, {collapsed: log.level <= 2})();
+  }
+
+  _logDrawCallEnd(): void {
+    if (this._logOpen) {
+      const shaderLayoutTable = getDebugTableForShaderLayout(this.pipeline.shaderLayout, this.id);
+
+      // log.table(logLevel, attributeTable)();
+      // log.table(logLevel, uniformTable)();
+      log.table(LOG_DRAW_PRIORITY, shaderLayoutTable)();
+
+      const uniformTable = this.shaderInputs.getDebugTable();
+      // Add any global uniforms
+      for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(this.uniforms)) {
+        uniformTable[name] = {value};
+      }
+      log.table(LOG_DRAW_PRIORITY, uniformTable)();
+
+      const attributeTable = this._getAttributeDebugTable();
+      log.table(LOG_DRAW_PRIORITY, this._attributeInfos)();
+      log.table(LOG_DRAW_PRIORITY, attributeTable)();
+
+      log.groupEnd(LOG_DRAW_PRIORITY)();
+      this._logOpen = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected _drawCount = 0;
+  _logFramebuffer(renderPass: RenderPass): void {
+    const debugFramebuffers = log.get('framebuffer');
+    this._drawCount++;
+    // Update first 3 frames and then every 60 frames
+    if (!debugFramebuffers || ((this._drawCount++ > 3) && (this._drawCount % 60))) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // TODO - display framebuffer output in debug window
+    const framebuffer = renderPass.props.framebuffer;
+    if (framebuffer) {
+      debugFramebuffer(framebuffer, {id: framebuffer.id, minimap: true});
+      // log.image({logLevel: LOG_DRAW_PRIORITY, message: `${framebuffer.id} %c sup?`, image})();
+    }
+  }
+
+  _getAttributeDebugTable(): Record<string, Record<string, unknown>> {
+    const table: Record<string, Record<string, unknown>> = {};
+    for (const [name, attributeInfo] of Object.entries(this._attributeInfos)) {
+      table[attributeInfo.location] = {
+        name,
+        type: attributeInfo.shaderType,
+        values: this._getBufferOrConstantValues(
+          this.vertexArray.attributes[attributeInfo.location],
+          attributeInfo.bufferDataType
+        )
+      };
+    }
+    if (this.vertexArray.indexBuffer) {
+      const {indexBuffer} = this.vertexArray;
+      const values =
+        indexBuffer.indexType === 'uint32'
+          ? new Uint32Array(indexBuffer.debugData)
+          : new Uint16Array(indexBuffer.debugData);
+      table.indices = {
+        name: 'indices',
+        type: indexBuffer.indexType,
+        values: values.toString()
+      };
+    }
+    return table;
+  }
+
+  // TODO - fix typing of luma data types
+  _getBufferOrConstantValues(attribute: Buffer | TypedArray, dataType: any): string {
+    const TypedArrayConstructor = getTypedArrayFromDataType(dataType);
+    const typedArray =
+      attribute instanceof Buffer ? new TypedArrayConstructor(attribute.debugData) : attribute;
+    return typedArray.toString();
+  }
+}
+
+// HELPERS
+
+/** TODO - move to core, document add tests */
+function mergeBufferLayouts(layouts1: BufferLayout[], layouts2: BufferLayout[]): BufferLayout[] {
+  const layouts = [...layouts1];
+  for (const attribute of layouts2) {
+    const index = layouts.findIndex(attribute2 => attribute2.name === attribute.name);
+    if (index < 0) {
+      layouts.push(attribute);
+    } else {
+      layouts[index] = attribute;
+    }
+  }
+  return layouts;
+}
+
+/** Create a shadertools platform info from the Device */
+export function getPlatformInfo(device: Device): PlatformInfo {
+  return {
+    type: device.info.type,
+    shaderLanguage: device.info.shadingLanguage,
+    shaderLanguageVersion: device.info.shadingLanguageVersion as 100 | 300,
+    gpu: device.info.gpu,
+    features: device.features
+  };
+}
+
+/** Get attribute names from a BufferLayout */
+function getAttributeNames(bufferLayout: BufferLayout): string[] {
+  return bufferLayout.attributes
+    ? bufferLayout.attributes?.map(layout => layout.attribute)
+    : [bufferLayout.name];
+}