@lokascript/i18n 1.0.0

package/src/grammar/types.ts

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+/**
+ * Generalized Grammar System for Multilingual Hyperscript
+ *
+ * This system abstracts grammatical patterns across language families,
+ * enabling deep multilingual support without per-language hardcoding.
+ *
+ * Key Linguistic Concepts:
+ * - Word Order: SVO, SOV, VSO (and variations)
+ * - Adposition Type: Preposition (English) vs Postposition (Japanese/Korean)
+ * - Morphology: Isolating (Chinese) vs Agglutinative (Turkish) vs Fusional (Arabic)
+ * - Text Direction: LTR vs RTL
+ */
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Core Types
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Semantic roles in hyperscript commands.
+ * These are universal across all 13 supported languages - only the surface form changes.
+ *
+ * ## Core Thematic Roles (from linguistic theory)
+ * | Role        | Usage | Purpose                     | Example                   |
+ * |-------------|-------|-----------------------------|---------------------------|
+ * | action      | 100%  | Command verb                | toggle, put, fetch        |
+ * | patient     | 90%   | What is acted upon          | .active, #count           |
+ * | destination | 40%   | Where something goes        | into #output, to .class   |
+ * | source      | 13%   | Where something comes from  | from #input, from URL     |
+ * | event       | 106%  | Trigger events              | click, keydown, submit    |
+ * | condition   | 8%    | Boolean expressions         | if x > 5, when visible    |
+ * | agent       | 0%    | Who performs action         | Reserved for future use   |
+ * | goal        | 1%    | Target value/state          | to 'red' (in transition)  |
+ *
+ * ## Quantitative Roles (answer "how much/long")
+ * | Role     | Usage | Purpose        | Example              |
+ * |----------|-------|----------------|----------------------|
+ * | quantity | 7%    | Numeric amount | by 5, 3 times        |
+ * | duration | 1%    | Time span      | for 5 seconds, 500ms |
+ *
+ * ## Adverbial/Modifier Roles (answer "how/by what means")
+ * | Role         | Usage | Purpose                   | Example           |
+ * |--------------|-------|---------------------------|-------------------|
+ * | style        | 2%    | Animation/behavior        | with fade         |
+ * | manner       | 2%    | Insertion position        | before, after     |
+ * | method       | 1%    | HTTP method/technique     | via POST, as GET  |
+ * | responseType | 1%    | Response format           | as json, as html  |
+ *
+ * ## Control Flow Roles
+ * | Role     | Usage | Purpose      | Example               |
+ * |----------|-------|--------------|-----------------------|
+ * | loopType | 6%    | Loop variant | forever, until, times |
+ *
+ * ## Design Notes
+ * - Low-usage roles (agent, goal, method, responseType) are intentionally kept for:
+ *   - Linguistic completeness across all 13 languages
+ *   - Future extensibility (AI agents, server-side execution)
+ *   - Command-specific semantics (fetch, transition)
+ * - Each role has distinct grammatical markers per language (see profiles/index.ts)
+ * - Usage percentages based on pattern database analysis
+ */
+export type SemanticRole =
+  // Core thematic roles
+  | 'action' // The command/verb (increment, put, toggle)
+  | 'agent' // Who/what performs action (reserved for future: AI agents, server-side)
+  | 'patient' // What is acted upon (the counter, .active)
+  | 'source' // Origin (from #input, from URL)
+  | 'destination' // Target location (into #output, to .class)
+  | 'goal' // Target value/state (to 'red', to 100)
+  | 'event' // Trigger (click, input, keydown)
+  | 'condition' // Boolean expression (if x > 5)
+  // Quantitative roles
+  | 'quantity' // Numeric amount (by 5, 3 times)
+  | 'duration' // Time span (for 5 seconds, over 500ms)
+  // Adverbial roles
+  | 'responseType' // Response format (as json, as text, as html)
+  | 'method' // HTTP method/technique (via POST, using GET)
+  | 'style' // Visual/behavioral manner (with fade, smoothly)
+  | 'manner' // Insertion position (before, after)
+  // Control flow roles
+  | 'loopType' // Loop variant: forever, times, for, while, until, until-event
+  // Structural roles (for parser control)
+  | 'continues'; // Continuation marker (then-chains)
+
+/**
+ * Word order patterns
+ * These represent the major typological categories
+ */
+export type WordOrder = 'SVO' | 'SOV' | 'VSO' | 'VOS' | 'OVS' | 'OSV' | 'free';
+
+/**
+ * Where grammatical markers appear relative to their noun/verb
+ */
+export type AdpositionType = 'preposition' | 'postposition' | 'circumposition' | 'none';
+
+/**
+ * Morphological typology - how words are constructed
+ */
+export type MorphologyType =
+  | 'isolating' // Chinese - no inflection, word order matters
+  | 'agglutinative' // Turkish, Japanese - morphemes stack predictably
+  | 'fusional' // Arabic, Spanish - morphemes blend together
+  | 'polysynthetic'; // Quechua - complex words encode full sentences
+
+/**
+ * A grammatical marker (particle, case ending, preposition)
+ */
+export interface GrammaticalMarker {
+  form: string; // The actual text (を, に, to, 的)
+  role: SemanticRole; // What semantic role it marks
+  position: AdpositionType; // Where it appears
+  required: boolean; // Is it mandatory?
+  alternatives?: string[]; // Alternative forms (e.g., 을/를 in Korean)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Metadata for preserving line structure during translation.
+ * Tracks indentation and blank lines so output maintains the same format.
+ */
+export interface LineMetadata {
+  /** Trimmed line content (empty string for blank lines) */
+  content: string;
+  /** Leading whitespace (tabs/spaces) from original line */
+  originalIndent: string;
+  /** True if the line was empty or whitespace-only */
+  isBlank: boolean;
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Language Profile
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Complete grammatical profile for a language
+ * This captures the essential typological features needed for transformation
+ */
+export interface LanguageProfile {
+  code: string; // ISO 639-1 code
+  name: string; // Native name
+
+  // Typological features
+  wordOrder: WordOrder;
+  adpositionType: AdpositionType;
+  morphology: MorphologyType;
+  direction: 'ltr' | 'rtl';
+
+  // Grammatical markers for each semantic role
+  markers: GrammaticalMarker[];
+
+  // Role ordering - which semantic roles come in what order
+  // E.g., Japanese: ['patient', 'source', 'destination', 'action']
+  // E.g., English: ['action', 'patient', 'source', 'destination']
+  canonicalOrder: SemanticRole[];
+
+  // Special rules
+  rules?: GrammarRule[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pattern for transforming hyperscript structures
+ */
+export interface GrammarRule {
+  name: string;
+  description: string;
+
+  // Pattern matching (in canonical English form)
+  match: PatternMatcher;
+
+  // How to transform for this language
+  transform: PatternTransform;
+
+  // Priority (higher = checked first)
+  priority: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Matches a hyperscript pattern
+ */
+export interface PatternMatcher {
+  // Command type(s) this matches
+  commands?: string[];
+
+  // Required semantic roles
+  requiredRoles: SemanticRole[];
+
+  // Optional roles
+  optionalRoles?: SemanticRole[];
+
+  // Custom predicate for complex matching
+  predicate?: (parsed: ParsedStatement) => boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Defines how to transform a matched pattern
+ */
+export interface PatternTransform {
+  // Reorder roles for target language
+  roleOrder: SemanticRole[];
+
+  // Insert markers between roles
+  insertMarkers?: boolean;
+
+  // Custom transformation function
+  custom?: (parsed: ParsedStatement, profile: LanguageProfile) => string;
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Parsed Structures
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * A parsed hyperscript statement broken into semantic components
+ */
+export interface ParsedStatement {
+  type: 'event-handler' | 'command' | 'conditional' | 'loop';
+  roles: Map<SemanticRole, ParsedElement>;
+  original: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A single element with its semantic role
+ */
+export interface ParsedElement {
+  role: SemanticRole;
+  value: string; // Original English value
+  translated?: string; // Translated value
+  isSelector?: boolean; // CSS selector (don't translate)
+  isLiteral?: boolean; // Literal value (don't translate)
+}
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Universal Pattern Templates
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Universal templates for common hyperscript patterns
+ * These define the semantic structure independent of surface form
+ */
+export const UNIVERSAL_PATTERNS = {
+  // on click increment #count
+  eventIncrement: {
+    name: 'event-increment',
+    roles: ['event', 'action', 'patient'] as SemanticRole[],
+    english: 'on {event} {action} {patient}',
+  },
+
+  // put X into Y
+  putInto: {
+    name: 'put-into',
+    roles: ['action', 'patient', 'destination'] as SemanticRole[],
+    english: '{action} {patient} into {destination}',
+  },
+
+  // add .class to element
+  addTo: {
+    name: 'add-to',
+    roles: ['action', 'patient', 'destination'] as SemanticRole[],
+    english: '{action} {patient} to {destination}',
+  },
+
+  // toggle .class on element
+  toggleOn: {
+    name: 'toggle-on',
+    roles: ['action', 'patient', 'destination'] as SemanticRole[],
+    english: '{action} {patient} on {destination}',
+  },
+
+  // wait 2 seconds
+  waitDuration: {
+    name: 'wait-duration',
+    roles: ['action', 'quantity'] as SemanticRole[],
+    english: '{action} {quantity}',
+  },
+
+  // if condition then ... end
+  conditional: {
+    name: 'conditional',
+    roles: ['action', 'condition'] as SemanticRole[],
+    english: '{action} {condition} then ... end',
+  },
+
+  // fetch URL as type
+  fetchAs: {
+    name: 'fetch-as',
+    roles: ['action', 'source', 'method'] as SemanticRole[],
+    english: '{action} {source} as {method}',
+  },
+
+  // show element with animation
+  showWith: {
+    name: 'show-with',
+    roles: ['action', 'patient', 'style'] as SemanticRole[],
+    english: '{action} {patient} with {style}',
+  },
+
+  // transition property over duration
+  transitionOver: {
+    name: 'transition-over',
+    roles: ['action', 'patient', 'duration'] as SemanticRole[],
+    english: '{action} {patient} over {duration}',
+  },
+} as const;
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Language Family Defaults
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Default profiles for major language families
+ * Individual languages inherit and override these
+ */
+export const LANGUAGE_FAMILY_DEFAULTS: Record<string, Partial<LanguageProfile>> = {
+  // Germanic (English, German, Dutch)
+  germanic: {
+    wordOrder: 'SVO',
+    adpositionType: 'preposition',
+    morphology: 'fusional',
+    direction: 'ltr',
+    canonicalOrder: [
+      'action',
+      'patient',
+      'source',
+      'destination',
+      'quantity',
+      'duration',
+      'method',
+      'style',
+    ],
+  },
+
+  // Romance (Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese)
+  romance: {
+    wordOrder: 'SVO',
+    adpositionType: 'preposition',
+    morphology: 'fusional',
+    direction: 'ltr',
+    canonicalOrder: [
+      'action',
+      'patient',
+      'source',
+      'destination',
+      'quantity',
+      'duration',
+      'method',
+      'style',
+    ],
+  },
+
+  // Japonic (Japanese)
+  japonic: {
+    wordOrder: 'SOV',
+    adpositionType: 'postposition',
+    morphology: 'agglutinative',
+    direction: 'ltr',
+    canonicalOrder: [
+      'patient',
+      'source',
+      'destination',
+      'quantity',
+      'duration',
+      'method',
+      'style',
+      'action',
+    ],
+  },
+
+  // Koreanic (Korean)
+  koreanic: {
+    wordOrder: 'SOV',
+    adpositionType: 'postposition',
+    morphology: 'agglutinative',
+    direction: 'ltr',
+    canonicalOrder: [
+      'patient',
+      'source',
+      'destination',
+      'quantity',
+      'duration',
+      'method',
+      'style',
+      'action',
+    ],
+  },
+
+  // Turkic (Turkish, Azerbaijani)
+  turkic: {
+    wordOrder: 'SOV',
+    adpositionType: 'postposition',
+    morphology: 'agglutinative',
+    direction: 'ltr',
+    canonicalOrder: [
+      'patient',
+      'source',
+      'destination',
+      'quantity',
+      'duration',
+      'method',
+      'style',
+      'action',
+    ],
+  },
+
+  // Sinitic (Chinese, Cantonese)
+  sinitic: {
+    wordOrder: 'SVO', // Topic-prominent, flexible
+    adpositionType: 'preposition',
+    morphology: 'isolating',
+    direction: 'ltr',
+    canonicalOrder: [
+      'action',
+      'patient',
+      'source',
+      'destination',
+      'quantity',
+      'duration',
+      'method',
+      'style',
+    ],
+  },
+
+  // Semitic (Arabic, Hebrew)
+  semitic: {
+    wordOrder: 'VSO',
+    adpositionType: 'preposition',
+    morphology: 'fusional', // Root-pattern system
+    direction: 'rtl',
+    canonicalOrder: [
+      'action',
+      'agent',
+      'patient',
+      'destination',
+      'source',
+      'quantity',
+      'duration',
+      'method',
+      'style',
+    ],
+  },
+
+  // Austronesian (Indonesian, Tagalog)
+  austronesian: {
+    wordOrder: 'SVO',
+    adpositionType: 'preposition',
+    morphology: 'agglutinative',
+    direction: 'ltr',
+    canonicalOrder: [
+      'action',
+      'patient',
+      'source',
+      'destination',
+      'quantity',
+      'duration',
+      'method',
+      'style',
+    ],
+  },
+
+  // Quechuan (Quechua)
+  quechuan: {
+    wordOrder: 'SOV',
+    adpositionType: 'postposition',
+    morphology: 'agglutinative', // Actually polysynthetic but simplified
+    direction: 'ltr',
+    canonicalOrder: [
+      'patient',
+      'source',
+      'destination',
+      'quantity',
+      'duration',
+      'method',
+      'style',
+      'action',
+    ],
+  },
+
+  // Bantu (Swahili)
+  bantu: {
+    wordOrder: 'SVO',
+    adpositionType: 'preposition',
+    morphology: 'agglutinative',
+    direction: 'ltr',
+    canonicalOrder: [
+      'action',
+      'patient',
+      'source',
+      'destination',
+      'quantity',
+      'duration',
+      'method',
+      'style',
+    ],
+  },
+};
+
+// =============================================================================
+// Transformation Utilities
+// =============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Reorder semantic roles according to target language.
+ * Includes a safety net to append any roles present in input
+ * but missing from the target order, preventing data loss.
+ */
+export function reorderRoles(
+  roles: Map<SemanticRole, ParsedElement>,
+  targetOrder: SemanticRole[]
+): ParsedElement[] {
+  const result: ParsedElement[] = [];
+  const usedRoles = new Set<SemanticRole>();
+
+  // 1. Add roles that are explicitly in the canonical order
+  for (const role of targetOrder) {
+    const element = roles.get(role);
+    if (element) {
+      result.push(element);
+      usedRoles.add(role);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 2. Safety Net: Append any roles present in input but missing from target order
+  // This prevents data loss (e.g., if 'manner' or 'instrument' isn't in the profile)
+  for (const [role, element] of roles) {
+    if (!usedRoles.has(role)) {
+      result.push(element);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Insert grammatical markers between elements
+ */
+export function insertMarkers(
+  elements: ParsedElement[],
+  markers: GrammaticalMarker[],
+  adpositionType: AdpositionType
+): string[] {
+  const result: string[] = [];
+
+  for (const element of elements) {
+    const marker = markers.find(m => m.role === element.role);
+
+    if (marker) {
+      if (adpositionType === 'preposition') {
+        // Marker before element: "to element"
+        if (marker.form) result.push(marker.form);
+        result.push(element.translated || element.value);
+      } else if (adpositionType === 'postposition') {
+        // Marker after element: "element を"
+        result.push(element.translated || element.value);
+        if (marker.form) result.push(marker.form);
+      } else {
+        result.push(element.translated || element.value);
+      }
+    } else {
+      result.push(element.translated || element.value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Intelligently joins tokens, handling agglutinative suffixes and prefixes.
+ *
+ * Rules:
+ * 1. If a token ends with '-' (prefix marker), no space after it
+ * 2. If a token starts with '-' (suffix marker), no space before it
+ * 3. Removes the hyphen indicators from the final output
+ *
+ * Examples:
+ * - ['#count', '-ta'] → '#countta' (Quechua accusative suffix)
+ * - ['بـ-', 'الماوس'] → 'بـالماوس' (Arabic prefix attachment)
+ * - ['value', 'を'] → 'value を' (Japanese particle, normal spacing)
+ */
+export function joinTokens(tokens: string[]): string {
+  if (tokens.length === 0) return '';
+
+  let result = '';
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
+    const token = tokens[i];
+    const nextToken = tokens[i + 1];
+
+    // Check if current token is a prefix (ends with -)
+    const isPrefix = token.endsWith('-');
+    // Check if current token is a suffix (starts with -)
+    const isSuffix = token.startsWith('-');
+
+    // Get the display form (strip hyphen markers)
+    let displayToken = token;
+    if (isPrefix) displayToken = token.slice(0, -1);
+    if (isSuffix) displayToken = token.substring(1);
+
+    result += displayToken;
+
+    // Determine if we need a space before the next token
+    if (nextToken) {
+      const nextIsSuffix = nextToken.startsWith('-');
+
+      // Don't add space if:
+      // - Current token is a prefix (ends with -)
+      // - Next token is a suffix (starts with -)
+      if (!isPrefix && !nextIsSuffix) {
+        result += ' ';
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Transform a parsed statement to target language
+ */
+export function transformStatement(
+  parsed: ParsedStatement,
+  _sourceProfile: LanguageProfile,
+  targetProfile: LanguageProfile
+): string {
+  // 1. Reorder roles for target language
+  const reordered = reorderRoles(parsed.roles, targetProfile.canonicalOrder);
+
+  // 2. Insert grammatical markers
+  const withMarkers = insertMarkers(reordered, targetProfile.markers, targetProfile.adpositionType);
+
+  // 3. Join with intelligent spacing for agglutinative languages
+  // (handles suffixes like -ta, prefixes like بـ-, etc.)
+  return joinTokens(withMarkers);
+}