@loaders.gl/scene 5.0.0-alpha.9 → 5.0.0-beta.10

package/src/draco/lib/draco-builder.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,935 @@
+// loaders.gl
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Copyright (c) vis.gl contributors
+
+/* eslint-disable camelcase */
+// This code is inspired by example code in the DRACO repository
+import type {
+  Draco3D,
+  DracoInt8Array,
+  Encoder,
+  ExpertEncoder,
+  Mesh,
+  MeshBuilder,
+  PointCloud,
+  Metadata,
+  MetadataBuilder,
+  draco_GeometryAttribute_Type
+} from '../draco3d/draco3d-types';
+
+import type {MeshAttribute, TypedArray} from '@loaders.gl/core/schema';
+
+/** Geometry accepted by the low-level Draco encoder. */
+export type DracoBuilderMesh = {
+  /** Vertex attributes keyed by semantic or application attribute name. */
+  attributes: Record<string, TypedArray | MeshAttribute>;
+  /** Optional triangle indices. */
+  indices?: TypedArray | MeshAttribute;
+};
+
+/** Metadata values supported by the Draco WebAssembly API. */
+export type DracoMetadata = Record<string, string | number | Int32Array>;
+
+/** Draco mesh encoding method exposed by the WebAssembly encoder. */
+export type DracoEncodingMethod = 'MESH_EDGEBREAKER_ENCODING' | 'MESH_SEQUENTIAL_ENCODING';
+
+/** Draco attribute categories used to select compression transforms. */
+export type DracoAttributeType = 'POSITION' | 'NORMAL' | 'COLOR' | 'TEX_COORD' | 'GENERIC';
+
+/** Explicit quantization transform for one Draco attribute. */
+export type DracoExplicitQuantization = {
+  /** Number of quantization bits, from 1 through 30. */
+  bits: number;
+  /** Quantization origin, with one finite value per attribute component. */
+  origin: number[];
+  /** Positive finite quantization range shared by every component. */
+  range: number;
+};
+
+/** Per-attribute quantization, expressed as a bit count or an explicit transform. */
+export type DracoAttributeQuantization = number | DracoExplicitQuantization;
+
+/** Named compression profile for common glTF and GPU workloads. */
+export type DracoEncodingPreset = 'gltf' | 'webgpu' | 'balanced';
+
+/** Per-attribute details captured after constructing a Draco geometry. */
+export type DracoEncodingAttributeReport = {
+  /** Unique attribute identifier stored in the Draco geometry. */
+  id: number;
+  /** Draco compression category. */
+  type: DracoAttributeType;
+  /** Number of scalar components per attribute value. */
+  componentCount: number;
+  /** Configured quantization, omitted when Draco defaults are used. */
+  quantization?: DracoAttributeQuantization;
+};
+
+/** Diagnostics reported for one completed Draco encoding. */
+export type DracoEncodingReport = {
+  /** Encoded geometry kind. */
+  geometryType: 'mesh' | 'point-cloud';
+  /** Encoded output size in bytes. */
+  byteLength: number;
+  /** Point count reported by the native encoder. */
+  pointCount: number;
+  /** Face count reported by the native encoder. */
+  faceCount: number;
+  /** Number of encoded vertex attributes. */
+  attributeCount: number;
+  /** Explicit encoding method, omitted when Draco selects its default. */
+  method?: DracoEncodingMethod;
+  /** Explicit encoder speed settings, omitted when Draco selects its defaults. */
+  speed?: [number, number];
+  /** Encoded attributes keyed by application attribute name. */
+  attributes: Record<string, DracoEncodingAttributeReport>;
+};
+
+/** Encoded Draco bytes and diagnostics from the same native operation. */
+export type DracoEncodingResult = {
+  /** Encoded Draco bytes. */
+  data: ArrayBuffer;
+  /** Encoding diagnostics. */
+  report: DracoEncodingReport;
+};
+
+export type DracoBuildOptions = {
+  pointcloud?: boolean;
+  /** Deduplicate identical point-cloud attribute tuples before encoding. */
+  deduplicateValues?: boolean;
+  /** Metadata key used to preserve application attribute names. */
+  attributeNameEntry?: string;
+  /** Explicit Draco attribute categories keyed by application attribute name. */
+  attributeTypes?: Record<string, DracoAttributeType>;
+  metadata?: DracoMetadata;
+  attributesMetadata?: Record<string, DracoMetadata>;
+  log?: (message: string) => void;
+
+  // draco encoding options
+  speed?: [number, number];
+  method?: DracoEncodingMethod;
+  /** Quantization bits keyed by Draco attribute category. */
+  quantization?: Partial<Record<DracoAttributeType, number>>;
+  /** Quantization keyed by application attribute name, overriding category settings. */
+  attributeQuantization?: Record<string, DracoAttributeQuantization>;
+  /** Applies a documented set of compression defaults before explicit options. */
+  preset?: DracoEncodingPreset;
+};
+
+type DracoBuilderAttributeInfo = {
+  /** Unique attribute identifier assigned by Draco's geometry builder. */
+  attributeId: number;
+  /** Draco compression category for the attribute. */
+  attributeType: draco_GeometryAttribute_Type;
+  /** Public name of the Draco compression category. */
+  attributeTypeName: DracoAttributeType;
+  /** Number of scalar components in each attribute value. */
+  componentCount: number;
+  /** Whether Draco can apply a lossy quantization transform to the source values. */
+  supportsQuantization: boolean;
+};
+
+// Native Draco attribute names to GLTF attribute names.
+const GLTF_TO_DRACO_ATTRIBUTE_NAME_MAP = {
+  POSITION: 'POSITION',
+  NORMAL: 'NORMAL',
+  COLOR_0: 'COLOR',
+  TEXCOORD_0: 'TEX_COORD'
+} as const satisfies Record<string, DracoAttributeType>;
+
+const noop = () => {};
+
+export default class DracoBuilder {
+  draco: Draco3D;
+  dracoEncoder: Encoder;
+  dracoMeshBuilder: MeshBuilder;
+  dracoMetadataBuilder: MetadataBuilder;
+  log: (message: string) => void = noop;
+
+  // draco - the draco decoder, either import `draco3d` or load dynamically
+  constructor(draco: Draco3D) {
+    this.draco = draco;
+    this.dracoEncoder = new this.draco.Encoder();
+    this.dracoMeshBuilder = new this.draco.MeshBuilder();
+    this.dracoMetadataBuilder = new this.draco.MetadataBuilder();
+  }
+
+  destroy(): void {
+    this.destroyEncodedObject(this.dracoMeshBuilder);
+    this.destroyEncodedObject(this.dracoEncoder);
+    this.destroyEncodedObject(this.dracoMetadataBuilder);
+  }
+
+  // TBD - when does this need to be called?
+  destroyEncodedObject(object: unknown): void {
+    if (object) {
+      this.draco.destroy(object);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Encode mesh or point cloud
+   * @param mesh =({})
+   * @param options
+   */
+  encodeSync(mesh: DracoBuilderMesh, options: DracoBuildOptions = {}): ArrayBuffer {
+    return this._encodeSync(mesh, options, false).data;
+  }
+
+  /** Encodes a mesh or point cloud and returns native encoding diagnostics. */
+  encodeSyncWithReport(
+    mesh: DracoBuilderMesh,
+    options: DracoBuildOptions = {}
+  ): DracoEncodingResult {
+    return this._encodeSync(mesh, options, true);
+  }
+
+  /** Shared implementation for ordinary encoding and report-producing encoding. */
+  _encodeSync(
+    mesh: DracoBuilderMesh,
+    options: DracoBuildOptions,
+    trackEncodedProperties: boolean
+  ): DracoEncodingResult {
+    options = applyDracoEncodingPreset(options);
+    this.log = options.log || noop;
+
+    return options.pointcloud
+      ? this._encodePointCloud(mesh, options, trackEncodedProperties)
+      : this._encodeMesh(mesh, options, trackEncodedProperties);
+  }
+
+  // PRIVATE
+
+  _getAttributesFromMesh(mesh: DracoBuilderMesh): Record<string, TypedArray | MeshAttribute> {
+    return {
+      ...(mesh.indices ? {indices: mesh.indices} : {}),
+      ...mesh.attributes
+    };
+  }
+
+  _encodePointCloud(
+    pointcloud: DracoBuilderMesh,
+    options: DracoBuildOptions,
+    trackEncodedProperties: boolean
+  ): DracoEncodingResult {
+    const dracoPointCloud = new this.draco.PointCloud();
+    const dracoData = new this.draco.DracoInt8Array();
+    let expertEncoder: ExpertEncoder | null = null;
+
+    try {
+      if (options.metadata) {
+        this._addGeometryMetadata(dracoPointCloud, options.metadata);
+      }
+      const attributes = this._getAttributesFromMesh(pointcloud);
+      const attributeInfo = this._createDracoPointCloud(dracoPointCloud, attributes, options);
+      const useExpertEncoder = hasAttributeQuantization(options);
+      let encodedLen: number;
+      let activeEncoder: Encoder | ExpertEncoder;
+      if (useExpertEncoder) {
+        expertEncoder = new this.draco.ExpertEncoder(dracoPointCloud);
+        this._setExpertOptions(expertEncoder, attributeInfo, options);
+        activeEncoder = expertEncoder;
+        if (trackEncodedProperties) {
+          activeEncoder.SetTrackEncodedProperties(true);
+        }
+        encodedLen = expertEncoder.EncodeToDracoBuffer(
+          options.deduplicateValues ?? false,
+          dracoData
+        );
+      } else {
+        this._setOptions(options);
+        activeEncoder = this.dracoEncoder;
+        if (trackEncodedProperties) {
+          activeEncoder.SetTrackEncodedProperties(true);
+        }
+        encodedLen = this.dracoEncoder.EncodePointCloudToDracoBuffer(
+          dracoPointCloud,
+          options.deduplicateValues ?? false,
+          dracoData
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (!(encodedLen > 0)) {
+        throw new Error('Draco encoding failed.');
+      }
+
+      this.log(`DRACO encoded ${dracoPointCloud.num_points()} points
+        with ${dracoPointCloud.num_attributes()} attributes into ${encodedLen} bytes`);
+
+      const data = dracoInt8ArrayToArrayBuffer(dracoData);
+      return {
+        data,
+        report: this._getEncodingReport(
+          'point-cloud',
+          data.byteLength,
+          dracoPointCloud,
+          activeEncoder,
+          attributeInfo,
+          options,
+          trackEncodedProperties
+        )
+      };
+    } finally {
+      this.destroyEncodedObject(expertEncoder);
+      this.destroyEncodedObject(dracoData);
+      this.destroyEncodedObject(dracoPointCloud);
+    }
+  }
+
+  _encodeMesh(
+    mesh: DracoBuilderMesh,
+    options: DracoBuildOptions,
+    trackEncodedProperties: boolean
+  ): DracoEncodingResult {
+    const dracoMesh = new this.draco.Mesh();
+    const dracoData = new this.draco.DracoInt8Array();
+    let expertEncoder: ExpertEncoder | null = null;
+
+    try {
+      if (options.metadata) {
+        this._addGeometryMetadata(dracoMesh, options.metadata);
+      }
+      const attributes = this._getAttributesFromMesh(mesh);
+      const attributeInfo = this._createDracoMesh(dracoMesh, attributes, options);
+      const useExpertEncoder = hasAttributeQuantization(options);
+      let encodedLen: number;
+      let activeEncoder: Encoder | ExpertEncoder;
+      if (useExpertEncoder) {
+        expertEncoder = new this.draco.ExpertEncoder(dracoMesh);
+        this._setExpertOptions(expertEncoder, attributeInfo, options);
+        activeEncoder = expertEncoder;
+        if (trackEncodedProperties) {
+          activeEncoder.SetTrackEncodedProperties(true);
+        }
+        encodedLen = expertEncoder.EncodeToDracoBuffer(false, dracoData);
+      } else {
+        this._setOptions(options);
+        activeEncoder = this.dracoEncoder;
+        if (trackEncodedProperties) {
+          activeEncoder.SetTrackEncodedProperties(true);
+        }
+        encodedLen = this.dracoEncoder.EncodeMeshToDracoBuffer(dracoMesh, dracoData);
+      }
+      if (encodedLen <= 0) {
+        throw new Error('Draco encoding failed.');
+      }
+
+      this.log(`DRACO encoded ${dracoMesh.num_points()} points
+        with ${dracoMesh.num_attributes()} attributes into ${encodedLen} bytes`);
+
+      const data = dracoInt8ArrayToArrayBuffer(dracoData);
+      return {
+        data,
+        report: this._getEncodingReport(
+          'mesh',
+          data.byteLength,
+          dracoMesh,
+          activeEncoder,
+          attributeInfo,
+          options,
+          trackEncodedProperties
+        )
+      };
+    } finally {
+      this.destroyEncodedObject(expertEncoder);
+      this.destroyEncodedObject(dracoData);
+      this.destroyEncodedObject(dracoMesh);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Applies encoder speed, method, and quantization options. */
+  _setOptions(options: DracoBuildOptions): void {
+    if (options.speed) {
+      this.dracoEncoder.SetSpeedOptions(...options.speed);
+    }
+    if (options.method) {
+      const dracoMethod = this.draco[options.method];
+      this.dracoEncoder.SetEncodingMethod(dracoMethod);
+    }
+    if (options.quantization) {
+      for (const attribute in options.quantization) {
+        const attributeType = attribute as DracoAttributeType;
+        const bits = options.quantization[attributeType];
+        if (bits !== undefined) {
+          validateQuantizationBits(attributeType, bits, attributeType);
+          this.dracoEncoder.SetAttributeQuantization(this.draco[attributeType], bits);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Applies common options and per-attribute quantization to an expert encoder. */
+  _setExpertOptions(
+    expertEncoder: ExpertEncoder,
+    attributes: Record<string, DracoBuilderAttributeInfo>,
+    options: DracoBuildOptions
+  ): void {
+    if (options.speed) {
+      expertEncoder.SetSpeedOptions(...options.speed);
+    }
+    if (options.method) {
+      expertEncoder.SetEncodingMethod(this.draco[options.method]);
+    }
+
+    const quantization = this._getAttributeQuantization(attributes, options);
+    for (const [attributeName, setting] of quantization) {
+      const attribute = attributes[attributeName];
+      if (typeof setting === 'number') {
+        expertEncoder.SetAttributeQuantization(attribute.attributeId, setting);
+      } else {
+        expertEncoder.SetAttributeExplicitQuantization(
+          attribute.attributeId,
+          setting.bits,
+          attribute.componentCount,
+          setting.origin,
+          setting.range
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Resolves category and exact quantization settings for every encoded attribute. */
+  _getAttributeQuantization(
+    attributes: Record<string, DracoBuilderAttributeInfo>,
+    options: DracoBuildOptions
+  ): Map<string, DracoAttributeQuantization> {
+    const categoryQuantization = new Map<draco_GeometryAttribute_Type, number>();
+    for (const attributeType of Object.keys(options.quantization || {}) as DracoAttributeType[]) {
+      const bits = options.quantization?.[attributeType];
+      if (bits !== undefined) {
+        validateQuantizationBits(attributeType, bits, attributeType);
+        categoryQuantization.set(this.draco[attributeType], bits);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const quantization = new Map<string, DracoAttributeQuantization>();
+    for (const [attributeName, attribute] of Object.entries(attributes)) {
+      const bits = categoryQuantization.get(attribute.attributeType);
+      if (bits !== undefined) {
+        quantization.set(attributeName, bits);
+      }
+    }
+    for (const [attributeName, setting] of Object.entries(options.attributeQuantization || {})) {
+      const attribute = attributes[attributeName];
+      if (!attribute) {
+        throw new Error(`DracoWriter: quantized attribute "${attributeName}" does not exist`);
+      }
+      if (typeof setting === 'number') {
+        validateQuantizationBits(attributeName, setting, attribute.attributeTypeName);
+      } else {
+        if (attribute.attributeTypeName === 'NORMAL') {
+          throw new Error(
+            `DracoWriter: explicit quantization transforms are not supported for NORMAL attribute "${attributeName}"`
+          );
+        }
+        validateExplicitQuantization(
+          attributeName,
+          attributes[attributeName].componentCount,
+          setting
+        );
+      }
+      quantization.set(attributeName, setting);
+    }
+    for (const attributeName of quantization.keys()) {
+      if (!attributes[attributeName].supportsQuantization) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `DracoWriter: quantization for "${attributeName}" requires floating-point attribute data`
+        );
+      }
+    }
+    return quantization;
+  }
+
+  /** Builds public diagnostics for a completed native encoding. */
+  _getEncodingReport(
+    geometryType: 'mesh' | 'point-cloud',
+    byteLength: number,
+    geometry: Mesh | PointCloud,
+    encoder: Encoder | ExpertEncoder,
+    attributes: Record<string, DracoBuilderAttributeInfo>,
+    options: DracoBuildOptions,
+    trackEncodedProperties: boolean
+  ): DracoEncodingReport {
+    const quantization = this._getAttributeQuantization(attributes, options);
+    const attributeReports: Record<string, DracoEncodingAttributeReport> = {};
+    for (const [attributeName, attribute] of Object.entries(attributes)) {
+      attributeReports[attributeName] = {
+        id: attribute.attributeId,
+        type: attribute.attributeTypeName,
+        componentCount: attribute.componentCount,
+        ...(quantization.has(attributeName) ? {quantization: quantization.get(attributeName)} : {})
+      };
+    }
+    return {
+      geometryType,
+      byteLength,
+      pointCount: trackEncodedProperties
+        ? encoder.GetNumberOfEncodedPoints()
+        : geometry.num_points(),
+      faceCount: trackEncodedProperties
+        ? encoder.GetNumberOfEncodedFaces()
+        : geometryType === 'mesh'
+          ? typeof (geometry as Mesh).num_faces === 'function'
+            ? (geometry as Mesh).num_faces()
+            : 0
+          : 0,
+      attributeCount: geometry.num_attributes(),
+      ...(options.method ? {method: options.method} : {}),
+      ...(options.speed ? {speed: options.speed} : {}),
+      attributes: attributeReports
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {Mesh} dracoMesh
+   * @param {object} attributes
+   * @returns {Mesh}
+   */
+  _createDracoMesh(
+    dracoMesh: Mesh,
+    attributes: Record<string, TypedArray | MeshAttribute>,
+    options: DracoBuildOptions
+  ): Record<string, DracoBuilderAttributeInfo> {
+    const optionalMetadata = options.attributesMetadata || {};
+    const attributeInfo: Record<string, DracoBuilderAttributeInfo> = {};
+
+    const vertexCount = this._getVertexCount(attributes, options);
+    for (const [attributeName, attribute] of Object.entries(attributes)) {
+      const uniqueId = this._addAttributeToMesh(
+        dracoMesh,
+        attributeName,
+        attribute,
+        vertexCount,
+        options
+      );
+
+      if (uniqueId !== -1) {
+        const attributeValue = getAttributeValue(attribute);
+        const attributeType = this._getDracoAttributeType(
+          attributeName,
+          options.attributeTypes
+        ) as draco_GeometryAttribute_Type;
+        attributeInfo[attributeName] = {
+          attributeId: uniqueId,
+          attributeType,
+          attributeTypeName: getDracoAttributeTypeName(this.draco, attributeType),
+          componentCount: getAttributeSize(attribute, attributeValue!.length / vertexCount),
+          supportsQuantization: attributeValue instanceof Float32Array
+        };
+        this._addAttributeMetadata(dracoMesh, uniqueId, {
+          [options.attributeNameEntry || 'name']: attributeName,
+          ...(optionalMetadata[attributeName] || {})
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    return attributeInfo;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {} dracoPointCloud
+   * @param {object} attributes
+   */
+  _createDracoPointCloud(
+    dracoPointCloud: PointCloud,
+    attributes: Record<string, TypedArray | MeshAttribute>,
+    options: DracoBuildOptions
+  ): Record<string, DracoBuilderAttributeInfo> {
+    const optionalMetadata = options.attributesMetadata || {};
+    const attributeInfo: Record<string, DracoBuilderAttributeInfo> = {};
+
+    const vertexCount = this._getVertexCount(attributes, options);
+    for (const [attributeName, attribute] of Object.entries(attributes)) {
+      const uniqueId = this._addAttributeToMesh(
+        dracoPointCloud,
+        attributeName,
+        attribute,
+        vertexCount,
+        options
+      );
+      if (uniqueId !== -1) {
+        const attributeValue = getAttributeValue(attribute);
+        const attributeType = this._getDracoAttributeType(
+          attributeName,
+          options.attributeTypes
+        ) as draco_GeometryAttribute_Type;
+        attributeInfo[attributeName] = {
+          attributeId: uniqueId,
+          attributeType,
+          attributeTypeName: getDracoAttributeTypeName(this.draco, attributeType),
+          componentCount: getAttributeSize(attribute, attributeValue!.length / vertexCount),
+          supportsQuantization: attributeValue instanceof Float32Array
+        };
+        this._addAttributeMetadata(dracoPointCloud, uniqueId, {
+          [options.attributeNameEntry || 'name']: attributeName,
+          ...(optionalMetadata[attributeName] || {})
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    return attributeInfo;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param mesh
+   * @param attributeName
+   * @param attribute
+   * @param vertexCount
+   */
+  _addAttributeToMesh(
+    mesh: PointCloud,
+    attributeName: string,
+    attribute: TypedArray | MeshAttribute,
+    vertexCount: number,
+    options: DracoBuildOptions = {}
+  ): number {
+    const attributeValue = getAttributeValue(attribute);
+    if (!attributeValue) {
+      throw new Error(`DracoWriter: attribute "${attributeName}" must contain a typed array`);
+    }
+
+    const type = this._getDracoAttributeType(attributeName, options.attributeTypes);
+    const size = getAttributeSize(attribute, attributeValue.length / vertexCount);
+
+    if (type === 'indices') {
+      if (attributeValue.length % 3 !== 0) {
+        throw new Error('DracoWriter: triangle indices length must be divisible by 3');
+      }
+      validateIndices(attributeValue, vertexCount);
+      const numFaces = attributeValue.length / 3;
+      this.log(`Adding attribute ${attributeName}, size ${numFaces}`);
+
+      const indices =
+        attributeValue instanceof Uint16Array || attributeValue instanceof Uint32Array
+          ? attributeValue
+          : Uint32Array.from(attributeValue);
+      this.dracoMeshBuilder.AddFacesToMesh(mesh as Mesh, numFaces, indices);
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!Number.isInteger(size) || size <= 0 || attributeValue.length !== vertexCount * size) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `DracoWriter: attribute "${attributeName}" has ${attributeValue.length} values, expected ${vertexCount * size}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    this.log(`Adding attribute ${attributeName}, size ${size}`);
+
+    const builder = this.dracoMeshBuilder;
+    let uniqueAttributeId = -1;
+    if (attributeValue instanceof Int8Array) {
+      uniqueAttributeId = builder.AddInt8Attribute(mesh, type, vertexCount, size, attributeValue);
+    } else if (attributeValue instanceof Int16Array) {
+      uniqueAttributeId = builder.AddInt16Attribute(mesh, type, vertexCount, size, attributeValue);
+    } else if (attributeValue instanceof Int32Array) {
+      uniqueAttributeId = builder.AddInt32Attribute(mesh, type, vertexCount, size, attributeValue);
+    } else if (attributeValue instanceof Uint8Array) {
+      uniqueAttributeId = builder.AddUInt8Attribute(mesh, type, vertexCount, size, attributeValue);
+    } else if (attributeValue instanceof Uint8ClampedArray) {
+      const uint8Value = new Uint8Array(
+        attributeValue.buffer,
+        attributeValue.byteOffset,
+        attributeValue.byteLength
+      );
+      uniqueAttributeId = builder.AddUInt8Attribute(mesh, type, vertexCount, size, uint8Value);
+    } else if (attributeValue instanceof Uint16Array) {
+      uniqueAttributeId = builder.AddUInt16Attribute(mesh, type, vertexCount, size, attributeValue);
+    } else if (attributeValue instanceof Uint32Array) {
+      uniqueAttributeId = builder.AddUInt32Attribute(mesh, type, vertexCount, size, attributeValue);
+    } else if (attributeValue instanceof Float32Array) {
+      uniqueAttributeId = builder.AddFloatAttribute(mesh, type, vertexCount, size, attributeValue);
+    } else {
+      throw new Error(
+        `DracoWriter: attribute "${attributeName}" uses unsupported ${attributeValue.constructor.name}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (!ArrayBuffer.isView(attribute) && attribute.normalized !== undefined) {
+      builder.SetNormalizedFlagForAttribute(mesh, uniqueAttributeId, attribute.normalized);
+    }
+    return uniqueAttributeId;
+
+    // case Float64Array:
+    // Add attribute does not seem to be exposed
+    //   return builder.AddAttribute(mesh, type, vertexCount, size, new Float32Array(buffer));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * DRACO can compress attributes of know type better
+   * @param attributeName
+   */
+  _getDracoAttributeType(
+    attributeName: string,
+    attributeTypes: Record<string, DracoAttributeType> = {}
+  ): draco_GeometryAttribute_Type | 'indices' {
+    if (attributeName.toLowerCase() === 'indices') {
+      return 'indices';
+    }
+    const explicitType = attributeTypes[attributeName];
+    if (explicitType) {
+      return this.draco[explicitType];
+    }
+    const gltfAttributeName = GLTF_TO_DRACO_ATTRIBUTE_NAME_MAP[attributeName];
+    if (gltfAttributeName) {
+      return this.draco[gltfAttributeName];
+    }
+    switch (attributeName.toLowerCase()) {
+      case 'position':
+      case 'positions':
+      case 'vertices':
+        return this.draco.POSITION;
+      case 'normal':
+      case 'normals':
+        return this.draco.NORMAL;
+      case 'color':
+      case 'colors':
+        return this.draco.COLOR;
+      case 'texcoord':
+      case 'texcoords':
+        return this.draco.TEX_COORD;
+      default:
+        if (/^color_\d+$/i.test(attributeName)) {
+          return this.draco.COLOR;
+        }
+        if (/^texcoord_\d+$/i.test(attributeName)) {
+          return this.draco.TEX_COORD;
+        }
+        return this.draco.GENERIC;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the common vertex count after validating the required position attribute. */
+  _getVertexCount(
+    attributes: Record<string, TypedArray | MeshAttribute>,
+    options: DracoBuildOptions
+  ): number {
+    const positions = this._getPositionAttribute(attributes, options.attributeTypes);
+    const positionValues = positions && getAttributeValue(positions);
+    if (!positions || !positionValues) {
+      throw new Error('DracoWriter: POSITION attribute is required');
+    }
+    const size = getAttributeSize(positions, 3);
+    if (!Number.isInteger(size) || size <= 0 || positionValues.length % size !== 0) {
+      throw new Error('DracoWriter: POSITION attribute has an invalid size or value count');
+    }
+    return positionValues.length / size;
+  }
+
+  _getPositionAttribute(
+    attributes: Record<string, TypedArray | MeshAttribute>,
+    attributeTypes: Record<string, DracoAttributeType> = {}
+  ): TypedArray | MeshAttribute | null {
+    for (const attributeName in attributes) {
+      const attribute = attributes[attributeName];
+      const dracoType = this._getDracoAttributeType(attributeName, attributeTypes);
+      if (dracoType === this.draco.POSITION && getAttributeValue(attribute)) {
+        return attribute;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add metadata for the geometry.
+   * @param dracoGeometry - WASM Draco Object
+   * @param metadata
+   */
+  _addGeometryMetadata(dracoGeometry: PointCloud, metadata: DracoMetadata): void {
+    const dracoMetadata = new this.draco.Metadata();
+    this._populateDracoMetadata(dracoMetadata, metadata);
+    this.dracoMeshBuilder.AddMetadata(dracoGeometry, dracoMetadata);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add metadata for an attribute to geometry.
+   * @param dracoGeometry - WASM Draco Object
+   * @param uniqueAttributeId
+   * @param metadata
+   */
+  _addAttributeMetadata(
+    dracoGeometry: PointCloud,
+    uniqueAttributeId: number,
+    metadata: Map<string, string> | DracoMetadata
+  ): void {
+    // Note: Draco JS IDL doesn't seem to expose draco.AttributeMetadata, however it seems to
+    // create such objects automatically from draco.Metadata object.
+    const dracoAttributeMetadata = new this.draco.Metadata();
+    this._populateDracoMetadata(dracoAttributeMetadata, metadata);
+    // Draco3d doc note: Directly add attribute metadata to geometry.
+    // You can do this without explicitly adding |GeometryMetadata| to mesh.
+    this.dracoMeshBuilder.SetMetadataForAttribute(
+      dracoGeometry,
+      uniqueAttributeId,
+      dracoAttributeMetadata
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add contents of object or map to a WASM Draco Metadata Object
+   * @param dracoMetadata - WASM Draco Object
+   * @param metadata
+   */
+  _populateDracoMetadata(
+    dracoMetadata: Metadata,
+    metadata: Map<string, string | number | Int32Array> | DracoMetadata
+  ): void {
+    for (const [key, value] of getEntries(metadata)) {
+      switch (typeof value) {
+        case 'number':
+          if (Math.trunc(value) === value) {
+            this.dracoMetadataBuilder.AddIntEntry(dracoMetadata, key, value);
+          } else {
+            this.dracoMetadataBuilder.AddDoubleEntry(dracoMetadata, key, value);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 'object':
+          if (value instanceof Int32Array) {
+            this.dracoMetadataBuilder.AddIntEntryArray(dracoMetadata, key, value, value.length);
+          }
+          break;
+        case 'string':
+        default:
+          this.dracoMetadataBuilder.AddStringEntry(dracoMetadata, key, value);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// HELPER FUNCTIONS
+
+/**
+ * Copy encoded data to buffer
+ * @param dracoData
+ */
+function dracoInt8ArrayToArrayBuffer(dracoData: DracoInt8Array): ArrayBuffer {
+  const byteLength = dracoData.size();
+  const outputBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(byteLength);
+  const outputData = new Int8Array(outputBuffer);
+  for (let i = 0; i < byteLength; ++i) {
+    outputData[i] = dracoData.GetValue(i);
+  }
+  return outputBuffer;
+}
+
+/** Enable iteration over either an object or a map */
+function getEntries(
+  container: Map<string, string | number | Int32Array> | DracoMetadata
+): Iterable<[string, string | number | Int32Array]> {
+  return container instanceof Map ? container.entries() : Object.entries(container);
+}
+
+/** Returns the typed-array payload from either accepted attribute representation. */
+function getAttributeValue(attribute: TypedArray | MeshAttribute): TypedArray | null {
+  if (ArrayBuffer.isView(attribute)) {
+    return attribute;
+  }
+  if (
+    attribute &&
+    typeof attribute === 'object' &&
+    'value' in attribute &&
+    ArrayBuffer.isView(attribute.value)
+  ) {
+    return attribute.value;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/** Returns the declared component count, falling back to the inferred legacy value. */
+function getAttributeSize(attribute: TypedArray | MeshAttribute, inferredSize: number): number {
+  return ArrayBuffer.isView(attribute) ? inferredSize : attribute.size;
+}
+
+/** Validates that triangle indices are integers within the encoded vertex range. */
+function validateIndices(indices: TypedArray, vertexCount: number): void {
+  for (const index of indices) {
+    if (!Number.isInteger(index) || index < 0 || index >= vertexCount) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `DracoWriter: triangle index ${index} is outside vertex range 0-${vertexCount - 1}`
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Returns true when exact application attributes require the expert encoder. */
+function hasAttributeQuantization(options: DracoBuildOptions): boolean {
+  return Boolean(
+    options.attributeQuantization && Object.keys(options.attributeQuantization).length
+  );
+}
+
+/** Validates a Draco quantization bit count. */
+function validateQuantizationBits(
+  attributeName: string,
+  bits: number,
+  attributeType?: DracoAttributeType
+): void {
+  if (!Number.isInteger(bits) || bits < 1 || bits > 30) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `DracoWriter: quantization bits for "${attributeName}" must be an integer from 1 to 30`
+    );
+  }
+  if (attributeType === 'NORMAL' && (bits < 2 || bits > 29)) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `DracoWriter: quantization bits for NORMAL attribute "${attributeName}" must be an integer from 2 to 29`
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+/** Validates an explicit per-attribute quantization transform. */
+function validateExplicitQuantization(
+  attributeName: string,
+  componentCount: number,
+  quantization: DracoExplicitQuantization
+): void {
+  validateQuantizationBits(attributeName, quantization.bits);
+  if (!Array.isArray(quantization.origin) || quantization.origin.length !== componentCount) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `DracoWriter: quantization origin for "${attributeName}" must contain ${componentCount} values`
+    );
+  }
+  if (!quantization.origin.every(Number.isFinite)) {
+    throw new Error(`DracoWriter: quantization origin for "${attributeName}" must be finite`);
+  }
+  if (!Number.isFinite(quantization.range) || quantization.range <= 0) {
+    throw new Error(`DracoWriter: quantization range for "${attributeName}" must be positive`);
+  }
+}
+
+/** Returns the public Draco category name for a native enum value. */
+function getDracoAttributeTypeName(
+  draco: Draco3D,
+  attributeType: draco_GeometryAttribute_Type
+): DracoAttributeType {
+  for (const name of ['POSITION', 'NORMAL', 'COLOR', 'TEX_COORD', 'GENERIC'] as const) {
+    if (draco[name] === attributeType) {
+      return name;
+    }
+  }
+  return 'GENERIC';
+}
+
+/** Resolves named presets without mutating the caller's options object. */
+function applyDracoEncodingPreset(options: DracoBuildOptions): DracoBuildOptions {
+  const presetOptions: Record<DracoEncodingPreset, DracoBuildOptions> = {
+    gltf: {
+      method: 'MESH_EDGEBREAKER_ENCODING',
+      speed: [5, 5],
+      quantization: {POSITION: 14, NORMAL: 10, TEX_COORD: 12}
+    },
+    webgpu: {
+      method: 'MESH_SEQUENTIAL_ENCODING',
+      speed: [5, 5],
+      quantization: {POSITION: 14, NORMAL: 10, TEX_COORD: 12}
+    },
+    balanced: {
+      method: 'MESH_EDGEBREAKER_ENCODING',
+      speed: [5, 5],
+      quantization: {POSITION: 12, NORMAL: 10, TEX_COORD: 10}
+    }
+  };
+  const preset = options.preset ? presetOptions[options.preset] : {};
+  return {
+    ...preset,
+    ...options,
+    quantization: {...preset.quantization, ...options.quantization}
+  };
+}