@lix-js/sdk 0.4.6 → 0.5.0-preview.0

package/src/state/validate-state-mutation.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2353 @@
+import { test, expect } from "vitest";
+import { openLix } from "../lix/open-lix.js";
+import { validateStateMutation } from "./validate-state-mutation.js";
+import type { LixSchemaDefinition } from "../schema-definition/definition.js";
+import { sql } from "kysely";
+import { createVersion } from "../version/create-version.js";
+import type { ChangeSetElement } from "../change-set/schema.js";
+
+test("throws if the schema is not a valid lix schema", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		properties: {
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+		// @ts-expect-error - x-version is missing
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			// @ts-expect-error - x-key is missing
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: {},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError();
+});
+
+test("inserts the version and active version schemas to enable validation", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const result = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("stored_schema")
+		.where("key", "in", ["lix_version", "lix_active_version"])
+		.selectAll()
+		.execute();
+
+	expect(result.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+});
+
+test("valid lix schema with a valid snapshot passes", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "mock",
+		properties: {
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const snapshot = {
+		content: {
+			name: "John",
+		},
+	};
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: snapshot.content,
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+});
+
+test("an invalid snapshot fails", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "mock",
+		properties: {
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const snapshot = {
+		content: {
+			foo: "John",
+		},
+	};
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: snapshot.content,
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError();
+});
+
+test("passes when primary key is unique", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const snapshot = {
+		content: {
+			id: "user1",
+			name: "John",
+		},
+	};
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: snapshot.content,
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+});
+
+test("throws when primary key violates uniqueness constraint", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store the schema first
+	await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+
+	// Insert first user into state
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "user1",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "user",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+			snapshot_content: { id: "user1", name: "John" },
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// Try to insert another user with same primary key
+	const duplicateSnapshot = {
+		content: {
+			id: "user1",
+			name: "Jane",
+		},
+	};
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: duplicateSnapshot.content,
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Primary key constraint violation");
+});
+
+test("handles composite primary keys", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user_role",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["user_id", "role_id"],
+		properties: {
+			user_id: { type: "string" },
+			role_id: { type: "string" },
+			assigned_date: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["user_id", "role_id", "assigned_date"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store the schema first
+	await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+
+	// Insert first user-role into state
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "user_role1",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "user_role",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+			snapshot_content: {
+				user_id: "user1",
+				role_id: "admin",
+				assigned_date: "2024-01-01",
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// This should pass (different composite key)
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				user_id: "user1",
+				role_id: "editor",
+				assigned_date: "2024-01-02",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+
+	// This should fail (same composite key)
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				user_id: "user1",
+				role_id: "admin",
+				assigned_date: "2024-01-03",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Primary key constraint violation");
+});
+
+test("passes when unique constraint is satisfied", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-unique": [["email"], ["username"]],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			email: { type: "string" },
+			username: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "email", "username", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const snapshot = {
+		content: {
+			id: "user1",
+			email: "john@example.com",
+			username: "john_doe",
+			name: "John Doe",
+		},
+	};
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: snapshot.content,
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+			operation: "insert",
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+});
+
+test("throws when single field unique constraint is violated", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-unique": [["email"], ["username"]],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			email: { type: "string" },
+			username: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "email", "username", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store the schema first
+	await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+
+	// Insert first user into state
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "user1",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "user",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "user1",
+				email: "john@example.com",
+				username: "john_doe",
+				name: "John Doe",
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// Try to insert another user with same email (unique constraint violation)
+	const duplicateEmailSnapshot = {
+		content: {
+			id: "user2",
+			email: "john@example.com", // Same email
+			username: "jane_doe",
+			name: "Jane Doe",
+		},
+	};
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: duplicateEmailSnapshot.content,
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Unique constraint violation");
+
+	// Try to insert another user with same username (unique constraint violation)
+	const duplicateUsernameSnapshot = {
+		content: {
+			id: "user3",
+			email: "jane@example.com",
+			username: "john_doe", // Same username
+			name: "Jane Smith",
+		},
+	};
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: duplicateUsernameSnapshot.content,
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Unique constraint violation");
+});
+
+test("handles composite unique constraints", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "product",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-unique": [
+			["category", "name"], // Composite unique constraint
+			["sku"], // Single field unique constraint
+		],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			category: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+			sku: { type: "string" },
+			price: { type: "number" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "category", "name", "sku", "price"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store the schema first
+	await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+
+	// Insert first product into state
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "product1",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "product",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "product1",
+				category: "electronics",
+				name: "Laptop",
+				sku: "ELEC-LAP-001",
+				price: 999.99,
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// This should pass (different composite unique key)
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "product2",
+				category: "electronics",
+				name: "Desktop", // Different name in same category
+				sku: "ELEC-DES-001",
+				price: 1299.99,
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+
+	// This should pass (same name in different category)
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "product3",
+				category: "furniture", // Different category
+				name: "Laptop", // Same name but different category
+				sku: "FURN-LAP-001",
+				price: 599.99,
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+
+	// This should fail (same composite unique key: category + name)
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "product4",
+				category: "electronics",
+				name: "Laptop", // Same category + name combination
+				sku: "ELEC-LAP-002",
+				price: 899.99,
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Unique constraint violation");
+
+	// This should fail (same SKU)
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "product5",
+				category: "accessories",
+				name: "Mouse",
+				sku: "ELEC-LAP-001", // Same SKU
+				price: 29.99,
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Unique constraint violation");
+});
+
+test("passes when foreign key references exist", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const userSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const postSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "post",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			author_id: {
+				schemaKey: "user",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			author_id: { type: "string" },
+			title: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "author_id", "title"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store schemas
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+		.execute();
+
+	// Insert a user that will be referenced
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "user1",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "user",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "user1",
+				name: "John Doe",
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// This should pass - foreign key reference exists
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: postSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "post1",
+				author_id: "user1",
+				title: "My First Post",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+});
+
+test("throws when foreign key reference does not exist", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const userSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const postSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "post",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			author_id: {
+				schemaKey: "user",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			author_id: { type: "string" },
+			title: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "author_id", "title"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store schemas
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// This should fail - foreign key reference does not exist
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: postSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "post1",
+				author_id: "nonexistent_user",
+				title: "My First Post",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Foreign key constraint violation");
+});
+
+test("handles multiple foreign keys", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const userSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const categorySchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "category",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const postSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "post",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			author_id: {
+				schemaKey: "user",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+			category_id: {
+				schemaKey: "category",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			author_id: { type: "string" },
+			category_id: { type: "string" },
+			title: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "author_id", "category_id", "title"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store schemas
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values([
+			{ value: userSchema },
+			{ value: categorySchema },
+			{ value: postSchema },
+		])
+		.execute();
+
+	// Insert referenced entities
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values([
+			{
+				entity_id: "user1",
+				file_id: "file1",
+				schema_key: "user",
+				plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+				version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+				snapshot_content: {
+					id: "user1",
+					name: "John Doe",
+				},
+				schema_version: "1.0",
+			},
+			{
+				entity_id: "category1",
+				file_id: "file1",
+				schema_key: "category",
+				plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+				version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+				snapshot_content: {
+					id: "category1",
+					name: "Technology",
+				},
+				schema_version: "1.0",
+			},
+		])
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// This should pass - all foreign key references exist
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: postSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "post1",
+				author_id: "user1",
+				category_id: "category1",
+				title: "My Tech Post",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+
+	// This should fail - category reference does not exist
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: postSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "post2",
+				author_id: "user1",
+				category_id: "nonexistent_category",
+				title: "Another Post",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Foreign key constraint violation");
+});
+
+test("allows null foreign key values", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const userSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const postSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "post",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			author_id: {
+				schemaKey: "user",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			author_id: { type: ["string", "null"] },
+			title: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "title"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store schemas
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// This should pass - null foreign key is allowed
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: postSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "post1",
+				author_id: null,
+				title: "Anonymous Post",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+
+	// This should also pass - undefined foreign key (when not required)
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: postSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "post2",
+				title: "Another Anonymous Post",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+});
+
+test("foreign key referencing real SQL table (change.id)", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	// Insert a real change record into the change table
+	await lix.db
+		// @ts-expect-error - internal_snapshot is not a public table
+		.insertInto("internal_snapshot")
+		.values({
+			id: "snap1",
+			content: sql`jsonb(${JSON.stringify({ id: "entity1" })})`,
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	await lix.db
+		// @ts-expect-error - internal_change is not a public table
+		.insertInto("internal_change")
+		.values({
+			id: "change1",
+			entity_id: "entity1",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			schema_key: "test_schema",
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			snapshot_id: "snap1",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	const changeSetElementSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "change_set_element_test",
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			change_id: {
+				schemaKey: "lix_change",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			change_id: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "change_id"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// This should pass - foreign key references existing change record
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: changeSetElementSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "element1",
+				change_id: "change1",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+
+	// This should fail - foreign key references non-existent change
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: changeSetElementSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "element2",
+				change_id: "nonexistent_change",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Foreign key constraint violation");
+});
+
+test("allows updates with same primary key", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store the schema first
+	await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+
+	// Insert initial user
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "user1",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "user",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: lix.db.selectFrom("active_version").select("version_id"),
+			snapshot_content: { id: "user1", name: "John Doe" },
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// This should pass - updating existing record with same primary key
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "user1", // Same primary key
+				name: "John Smith", // Different data
+			},
+			operation: "update",
+			entity_id: "user1",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+});
+
+test("unique constraints are validated per version, not globally", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "file",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-unique": [["path"]], // Unique path constraint
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			path: { type: "string" },
+			content: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "path", "content"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store the schema first
+	await lix.db.insertInto("stored_schema").values({ value: schema }).execute();
+
+	// Create two different versions
+	await createVersion({
+		lix,
+		id: "version0",
+	});
+
+	await createVersion({
+		lix,
+		id: "version1",
+	});
+	// Insert file with path "/app.js" in version1
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "file1",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "file",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: "version0",
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "file1",
+				path: "/app.js",
+				content: "console.log('version 0');",
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// This should pass - same path in different version should be allowed
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "file2",
+				path: "/app.js", // Same path but different version
+				content: "console.log('version 1');",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: "version1",
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+
+	// This should fail - same path in same version
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "file3",
+				path: "/app.js", // Same path and same version
+				content: "console.log('duplicate');",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: "version0",
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Unique constraint violation");
+});
+
+test("throws when version_id is not provided", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: { id: "user1", name: "John" },
+			operation: "insert",
+			// @ts-expect-error - version_id is required but missing
+			version_id: undefined,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("version_id is required");
+});
+
+test("throws when referenced version does not exist", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: { id: "user1", name: "John" },
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: "nonexistent_version",
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Version with id 'nonexistent_version' does not exist");
+});
+
+test("passes when version_id is provided and version exists", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const schema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema,
+			snapshot_content: { id: "user1", name: "John" },
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+});
+
+test("should prevent deletion when foreign keys reference the entity", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const userSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const postSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "post",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			author_id: {
+				schemaKey: "user",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			author_id: { type: "string" },
+			title: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "author_id", "title"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store schemas
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// Insert a user that will be referenced
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "user1",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "user",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "user1",
+				name: "John Doe",
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// Insert a post that references the user
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "post1",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "post",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "post1",
+				author_id: "user1",
+				title: "My First Post",
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// This should fail - cannot delete user because post references it
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: userSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {}, // Not used for delete operations
+			operation: "delete",
+			entity_id: "user1",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError(
+		/Foreign key constraint violation.*referenced by.*post.*author_id/i
+	);
+});
+
+test("should allow deletion when no foreign keys reference the entity", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const userSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store schema
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values({ value: userSchema })
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// Insert a user with no references
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "user1",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "user",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "user1",
+				name: "John Doe",
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// This should pass - no foreign keys reference this user
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: userSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {}, // Not used for delete operations
+			operation: "delete",
+			entity_id: "user1",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+});
+
+test("should throw when deleting non-existent entity", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const userSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// This should fail - entity does not exist
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: userSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {},
+			operation: "delete",
+			entity_id: "nonexistent_user",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError(/Entity deletion failed/);
+});
+
+test("should throw when entity_id is missing for delete operations", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const userSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// This should fail - entity_id is required for delete
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: userSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {},
+			operation: "delete",
+			// entity_id is missing
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("entity_id is required for delete operations");
+});
+
+test("should handle deletion validation for change sets referenced by versions", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	// Create a change set
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("change_set_all")
+		.values({ id: "cs_referenced", lixcol_version_id: "global" })
+		.execute();
+
+	// Create a version that references the change set
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("version")
+		.values({
+			id: "v1",
+			name: "test_version",
+			change_set_id: "cs_referenced",
+			working_change_set_id: "cs_referenced",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// const activeVersion = await lix.db
+	// 	.selectFrom("active_version")
+	// 	.select("version_id")
+	// 	.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// Get the change set schema
+	const changeSetSchema = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("stored_schema")
+		.select("value")
+		.where("key", "=", "lix_change_set")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// This should fail - cannot delete change set because version references it
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: changeSetSchema.value as LixSchemaDefinition,
+			snapshot_content: {},
+			operation: "delete",
+			entity_id: "cs_referenced",
+			version_id: "global",
+		})
+	).toThrowError(
+		/Foreign key constraint violation.*Cannot delete entity.*referenced by.*lix_version/i
+	);
+});
+
+test("should parse JSON object properties before validation", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	// Define a schema with an object property
+	const documentSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "document",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			title: { type: "string" },
+			body: {
+				type: "object",
+				properties: {
+					type: { type: "string" },
+					content: { type: "array" },
+				},
+				required: ["type", "content"],
+			},
+		},
+		required: ["id", "title", "body"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store the schema
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values({ value: documentSchema })
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// Test with valid JSON object - this should pass
+	const validSnapshotContent = {
+		id: "doc1",
+		title: "Test Document",
+		body: JSON.stringify({
+			type: "zettel_doc",
+			content: [
+				{
+					type: "zettel_text_block",
+					zettel_key: "test_key",
+					style: "zettel_normal",
+					children: [],
+				},
+			],
+		}),
+	};
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: documentSchema,
+			snapshot_content: validSnapshotContent,
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+
+	// Test with invalid JSON object - this should fail
+	const invalidSnapshotContent = {
+		id: "doc2",
+		title: "Invalid Document",
+		body: JSON.stringify({
+			type: "invalid_type", // Missing required 'content' property
+		}),
+	};
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: documentSchema,
+			snapshot_content: invalidSnapshotContent,
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError(/body.*must have required property.*content/);
+
+	// Test with malformed JSON string - this should fail
+	const malformedSnapshotContent = {
+		id: "doc3",
+		title: "Malformed Document",
+		body: "{ invalid json",
+	};
+
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: documentSchema,
+			snapshot_content: malformedSnapshotContent,
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError(/Invalid JSON in property 'body'/);
+});
+
+test("foreign key validation should fail when referenced entity exists in different non-inheriting version", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	// Mock schema for a "User" entity
+	const userSchema = {
+		"x-lix-key": "mock_user",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		type: "object",
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Mock schema for a "Post" entity that references User
+	const postSchema = {
+		"x-lix-key": "mock_post",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			author_id: {
+				schemaKey: "mock_user",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		type: "object",
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			title: { type: "string" },
+			author_id: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "title", "author_id"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Register our mock schemas
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+		.execute();
+
+	// Create two separate versions that don't inherit from each other
+	const versionA = await createVersion({
+		lix,
+		name: "version-a",
+	});
+
+	const versionB = await createVersion({
+		lix,
+		name: "version-b",
+	});
+
+	// Verify they don't inherit from each other
+	// Both should inherit from global, but not from each other
+	expect(versionA.inherits_from_version_id).toBe("global");
+	expect(versionB.inherits_from_version_id).toBe("global");
+
+	// Create a user in version A
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "user-1",
+			schema_key: "mock_user",
+			file_id: "test",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "user-1",
+				name: "Alice",
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+			version_id: versionA.id,
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// BUG: This should FAIL because user-1 doesn't exist in version B's context
+	// but the current foreign key validation logic will find user-1 in version A
+	// and incorrectly allow this validation to succeed
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: postSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "post-1",
+				title: "My Post",
+				author_id: "user-1", // References user-1 which only exists in version A
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: versionB.id,
+		})
+	).toThrow(/Foreign key constraint violation.*mock_user.*user-1/);
+
+	// Verify that user-1 indeed doesn't exist in version B's context
+	const userInVersionB = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("state_all")
+		.where("entity_id", "=", "user-1")
+		.where("schema_key", "=", "mock_user")
+		.where("version_id", "=", versionB.id)
+		.selectAll()
+		.execute();
+
+	expect(userInVersionB).toHaveLength(0);
+
+	// But verify it does exist in version A
+	const userInVersionA = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("state_all")
+		.where("entity_id", "=", "user-1")
+		.where("schema_key", "=", "mock_user")
+		.where("version_id", "=", versionA.id)
+		.selectAll()
+		.execute();
+
+	expect(userInVersionA).toHaveLength(1);
+});
+
+test("should allow self-referential foreign keys", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	// Define a schema with self-referential foreign key (like version inheritance)
+	const versionSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "mock_version",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			inherits_from_version_id: {
+				schemaKey: "mock_version", // Self-referential foreign key
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+			inherits_from_version_id: { type: ["string", "null"] },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store the schema
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values({ value: versionSchema })
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// Insert a parent version first (with null inheritance)
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "version0",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "mock_version",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "version0",
+				name: "version0",
+				inherits_from_version_id: null,
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// This should pass - child version referencing parent version (valid self-referential FK)
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: versionSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "version1",
+				name: "version1",
+				inherits_from_version_id: "version0", // References another entity in same schema
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+
+	// This should also pass - version with null inheritance (no foreign key constraint)
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: versionSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "version2",
+				name: "version2",
+				inherits_from_version_id: null, // No foreign key reference
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+
+	// This should fail - referencing non-existent version
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: versionSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "version3",
+				name: "version3",
+				inherits_from_version_id: "nonexistent_version",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Foreign key constraint violation");
+});
+
+test("should allow self-referential foreign keys for update operations", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	// Define a schema with self-referential foreign key
+	const versionSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "mock_version",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			inherits_from_version_id: {
+				schemaKey: "mock_version",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+			inherits_from_version_id: { type: ["string", "null"] },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store the schema
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values({ value: versionSchema })
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// Insert initial versions
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values([
+			{
+				entity_id: "version0",
+				file_id: "file1",
+				schema_key: "mock_version",
+				plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+				version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+				snapshot_content: {
+					id: "version0",
+					name: "version0",
+					inherits_from_version_id: null,
+				},
+				schema_version: "1.0",
+			},
+			{
+				entity_id: "version1",
+				file_id: "file1",
+				schema_key: "mock_version",
+				plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+				version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+				snapshot_content: {
+					id: "version1",
+					name: "version1",
+					inherits_from_version_id: "version0",
+				},
+				schema_version: "1.0",
+			},
+		])
+		.execute();
+
+	// This should pass - updating to reference a different valid version
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: versionSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "version1",
+				name: "version1_updated",
+				inherits_from_version_id: null, // Change from version0 to null
+			},
+			operation: "update",
+			entity_id: "version1",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+
+	// This should fail - updating to reference non-existent version
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: versionSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "version1",
+				name: "version1_updated",
+				inherits_from_version_id: "nonexistent_version",
+			},
+			operation: "update",
+			entity_id: "version1",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError("Foreign key constraint violation");
+});
+
+test("should prevent deletion when self-referential foreign keys reference the entity", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	// Define a schema with self-referential foreign key
+	const versionSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "mock_version",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			inherits_from_version_id: {
+				schemaKey: "mock_version",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+			inherits_from_version_id: { type: ["string", "null"] },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store the schema
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values({ value: versionSchema })
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// Insert parent and child versions
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values([
+			{
+				entity_id: "version0",
+				file_id: "file1",
+				schema_key: "mock_version",
+				plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+				version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+				snapshot_content: {
+					id: "version0",
+					name: "version0",
+					inherits_from_version_id: null,
+				},
+				schema_version: "1.0",
+			},
+			{
+				entity_id: "version1",
+				file_id: "file1",
+				schema_key: "mock_version",
+				plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+				version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+				snapshot_content: {
+					id: "version1",
+					name: "version1",
+					inherits_from_version_id: "version0", // References version0
+				},
+				schema_version: "1.0",
+			},
+		])
+		.execute();
+
+	// This should fail - cannot delete version0 because version1 references it
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: versionSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {},
+			operation: "delete",
+			entity_id: "version0",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrowError(
+		/Foreign key constraint violation.*referenced by.*mock_version.*inherits_from_version_id/
+	);
+
+	// This should pass - can delete version1 (no other versions reference it)
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: versionSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {},
+			operation: "delete",
+			entity_id: "version1",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).not.toThrowError();
+});
+
+// Foreign keys are restricted to the current version context to maintain data integrity
+// and prevent confusing dependency relationships across version boundaries. While entities
+// can be inherited from parent versions through the copy-on-write system, foreign key
+// constraints require explicit, direct relationships within the same version scope.
+// This design choice ensures that:
+// 1. FK constraints are predictable and version-scoped
+// 2. No hidden dependencies exist across version boundaries
+// 3. Copy-on-write semantics remain clear and isolated
+// 4. Data integrity is maintained within each version context
+test("should prevent foreign key references to inherited entities from different version contexts", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	// Create a thread in global context
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("thread_all")
+		.values({
+			id: "global_thread",
+			metadata: { title: "Global Thread" },
+			lixcol_version_id: "global",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// Get the active version (should be "main" version)
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// Get the thread comment schema
+	const threadCommentSchema = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("stored_schema")
+		.select("value")
+		.where("key", "=", "lix_thread_comment")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// This should FAIL: attempting to create a thread_comment in the active version
+	// that references a thread that only exists in global context.
+	// Foreign keys should only work within the same version context.
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: threadCommentSchema.value as LixSchemaDefinition,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "comment1",
+				thread_id: "global_thread", // References thread in global context
+				parent_id: null,
+				body: {
+					type: "zettel_doc",
+					content: [
+						{
+							type: "zettel_text_block",
+							zettel_key: "test_key",
+							style: "zettel_normal",
+							children: [],
+						},
+					],
+				},
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id, // But creating comment in active version context
+		})
+	).toThrow(/Foreign key constraint violation.*lix_thread.*global_thread/);
+});
+
+test("should prevent change set elements from referencing change sets defined in global context", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	// Create a change set in global context
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("change_set_all")
+		.values({
+			id: "global_change_set",
+			lixcol_version_id: "global",
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// Get the active version (should be "main" version)
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// Get the change set element schema
+	const changeSetElementSchema = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("stored_schema")
+		.select("value")
+		.where("key", "=", "lix_change_set_element")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// This should FAIL: attempting to create a change_set_element in the active version
+	// that references a change set that exists in global context.
+	// The bug is that this currently passes when it should fail.
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: changeSetElementSchema.value as LixSchemaDefinition,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				change_set_id: "global_change_set", // References change set in global context
+				change_id: "dummy_change_id",
+				entity_id: "dummy_entity_id",
+				file_id: "dummy_file_id",
+				schema_key: "dummy_schema_key",
+			} satisfies ChangeSetElement,
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id, // But creating element in active version context
+		})
+	).toThrow(
+		/Foreign key constraint violation.*lix_change_set.*global_change_set/
+	);
+});
+
+// Untracked state foreign key tests
+// SCENARIO: Tracked → Untracked Foreign Key Reference
+// WHY THIS TEST EXISTS: Untracked entities are local-only and won't be synced to remote.
+// If a tracked entity references an untracked entity, it would create broken references
+// when synced because the untracked entity doesn't exist on the remote.
+// BEHAVIOR: DISALLOWED - This would break data integrity during sync operations.
+test("should prevent tracked entities from referencing untracked entities", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const userSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const postSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "post",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			author_id: {
+				schemaKey: "user",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			author_id: { type: "string" },
+			title: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "author_id", "title"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store schemas
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// Insert an untracked user
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "untracked_user",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "user",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "untracked_user",
+				name: "Untracked User",
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+			untracked: true,
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// This should FAIL - tracked entity cannot reference untracked entity
+	expect(() =>
+		validateStateMutation({
+			lix,
+			schema: postSchema,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "post1",
+				author_id: "untracked_user", // References untracked user
+				title: "My Post",
+			},
+			operation: "insert",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		})
+	).toThrow(
+		/Foreign key constraint violation.*tracked entities cannot reference untracked entities.*This would create broken references during sync/
+	);
+});
+
+// SCENARIO: Untracked → Tracked Foreign Key Reference
+// WHY THIS TEST EXISTS: Untracked entities are local-only and won't be synced.
+// Since they remain local, they can safely reference tracked entities without
+// breaking data integrity. The untracked entity simply won't exist on remote.
+// BEHAVIOR: ALLOWED - Safe because untracked entities don't participate in sync.
+test("should allow untracked entities to reference tracked entities", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const userSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const postSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "post",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			author_id: {
+				schemaKey: "user",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			author_id: { type: "string" },
+			title: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "author_id", "title"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store schemas
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// Insert a tracked user
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "tracked_user",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "user",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "tracked_user",
+				name: "Tracked User",
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+			untracked: false,
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// Create validation arguments for untracked post
+	const validationArgs = {
+		lix,
+		schema: postSchema,
+		snapshot_content: {
+			id: "untracked_post",
+			author_id: "tracked_user", // References tracked user
+			title: "My Untracked Post",
+		},
+		operation: "insert" as const,
+		version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		untracked: true, // Mark as untracked
+	};
+
+	// This should PASS - untracked entity can reference tracked entity
+	expect(() => validateStateMutation(validationArgs)).not.toThrow();
+});
+
+// SCENARIO: Untracked → Untracked Foreign Key Reference
+// WHY THIS TEST EXISTS: Both entities are local-only and won't be synced.
+// They exist in the same local scope, so references between them are valid
+// and won't cause any sync issues since neither entity leaves the local system.
+// BEHAVIOR: ALLOWED - Both entities remain local, maintaining referential integrity.
+test("should allow untracked entities to reference other untracked entities", async () => {
+	const lix = await openLix({});
+
+	const userSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "user",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			name: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "name"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	const postSchema = {
+		type: "object",
+		"x-lix-version": "1.0",
+		"x-lix-key": "post",
+		"x-lix-primary-key": ["id"],
+		"x-lix-foreign-keys": {
+			author_id: {
+				schemaKey: "user",
+				property: "id",
+			},
+		},
+		properties: {
+			id: { type: "string" },
+			author_id: { type: "string" },
+			title: { type: "string" },
+		},
+		required: ["id", "author_id", "title"],
+		additionalProperties: false,
+	} as const satisfies LixSchemaDefinition;
+
+	// Store schemas
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("stored_schema")
+		.values([{ value: userSchema }, { value: postSchema }])
+		.execute();
+
+	const activeVersion = await lix.db
+		.selectFrom("active_version")
+		.select("version_id")
+		.executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
+
+	// Insert an untracked user
+	await lix.db
+		.insertInto("state_all")
+		.values({
+			entity_id: "untracked_user",
+			file_id: "file1",
+			schema_key: "user",
+			plugin_key: "test_plugin",
+			version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+			snapshot_content: {
+				id: "untracked_user",
+				name: "Untracked User",
+			},
+			schema_version: "1.0",
+			untracked: true,
+		})
+		.execute();
+
+	// Create validation arguments for untracked post
+	const validationArgs = {
+		lix,
+		schema: postSchema,
+		snapshot_content: {
+			id: "untracked_post",
+			author_id: "untracked_user", // References untracked user
+			title: "My Untracked Post",
+		},
+		operation: "insert" as const,
+		version_id: activeVersion.version_id,
+		untracked: true, // Mark as untracked
+	};
+
+	// This should PASS - untracked entity can reference another untracked entity
+	expect(() => validateStateMutation(validationArgs)).not.toThrow();
+});