@kenzuya/mediabunny 1.26.0 → 1.28.6

package/src/isobmff/isobmff-boxes.ts

@@ -1,1719 +0,0 @@
-/*!
- * Copyright (c) 2025-present, Vanilagy and contributors
- *
- * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
- */
-
-import {
-	toUint8Array,
-	assert,
-	isU32,
-	last,
-	TransformationMatrix,
-	textEncoder,
-	COLOR_PRIMARIES_MAP,
-	TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTICS_MAP,
-	MATRIX_COEFFICIENTS_MAP,
-	colorSpaceIsComplete,
-	UNDETERMINED_LANGUAGE,
-	assertNever,
-	keyValueIterator,
-} from '../misc';
-import {
-	AudioCodec,
-	generateAv1CodecConfigurationFromCodecString,
-	parsePcmCodec,
-	PCM_AUDIO_CODECS,
-	PcmAudioCodec,
-	SubtitleCodec,
-	VideoCodec,
-} from '../codec';
-import { formatSubtitleTimestamp } from '../subtitles';
-import { Writer } from '../writer';
-import {
-	getTrackMetadata,
-	GLOBAL_TIMESCALE,
-	intoTimescale,
-	IsobmffAudioTrackData,
-	IsobmffMuxer,
-	IsobmffSubtitleTrackData,
-	IsobmffTrackData,
-	IsobmffVideoTrackData,
-	Sample,
-} from './isobmff-muxer';
-import { parseOpusIdentificationHeader } from '../codec-data';
-import { MetadataTags, RichImageData } from '../metadata';
-
-export class IsobmffBoxWriter {
-	private helper = new Uint8Array(8);
-	private helperView = new DataView(this.helper.buffer);
-
-	/**
-	 * Stores the position from the start of the file to where boxes elements have been written. This is used to
-	 * rewrite/edit elements that were already added before, and to measure sizes of things.
-	 */
-	offsets = new WeakMap<Box, number>();
-
-	constructor(private writer: Writer) {}
-
-	writeU32(value: number) {
-		this.helperView.setUint32(0, value, false);
-		this.writer.write(this.helper.subarray(0, 4));
-	}
-
-	writeU64(value: number) {
-		this.helperView.setUint32(0, Math.floor(value / 2 ** 32), false);
-		this.helperView.setUint32(4, value, false);
-		this.writer.write(this.helper.subarray(0, 8));
-	}
-
-	writeAscii(text: string) {
-		for (let i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
-			this.helperView.setUint8(i % 8, text.charCodeAt(i));
-			if (i % 8 === 7) this.writer.write(this.helper);
-		}
-
-		if (text.length % 8 !== 0) {
-			this.writer.write(this.helper.subarray(0, text.length % 8));
-		}
-	}
-
-	writeBox(box: Box) {
-		this.offsets.set(box, this.writer.getPos());
-
-		if (box.contents && !box.children) {
-			this.writeBoxHeader(box, box.size ?? box.contents.byteLength + 8);
-			this.writer.write(box.contents);
-		} else {
-			const startPos = this.writer.getPos();
-			this.writeBoxHeader(box, 0);
-
-			if (box.contents) this.writer.write(box.contents);
-			if (box.children) for (const child of box.children) if (child) this.writeBox(child);
-
-			const endPos = this.writer.getPos();
-			const size = box.size ?? endPos - startPos;
-			this.writer.seek(startPos);
-			this.writeBoxHeader(box, size);
-			this.writer.seek(endPos);
-		}
-	}
-
-	writeBoxHeader(box: Box, size: number) {
-		this.writeU32(box.largeSize ? 1 : size);
-		this.writeAscii(box.type);
-		if (box.largeSize) this.writeU64(size);
-	}
-
-	measureBoxHeader(box: Box) {
-		return 8 + (box.largeSize ? 8 : 0);
-	}
-
-	patchBox(box: Box) {
-		const boxOffset = this.offsets.get(box);
-		assert(boxOffset !== undefined);
-
-		const endPos = this.writer.getPos();
-		this.writer.seek(boxOffset);
-		this.writeBox(box);
-		this.writer.seek(endPos);
-	}
-
-	measureBox(box: Box) {
-		if (box.contents && !box.children) {
-			const headerSize = this.measureBoxHeader(box);
-			return headerSize + box.contents.byteLength;
-		} else {
-			let result = this.measureBoxHeader(box);
-			if (box.contents) result += box.contents.byteLength;
-			if (box.children) for (const child of box.children) if (child) result += this.measureBox(child);
-
-			return result;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-const bytes = /* #__PURE__ */ new Uint8Array(8);
-const view = /* #__PURE__ */ new DataView(bytes.buffer);
-
-const u8 = (value: number) => {
-	return [(value % 0x100 + 0x100) % 0x100];
-};
-
-const u16 = (value: number) => {
-	view.setUint16(0, value, false);
-	return [bytes[0], bytes[1]] as number[];
-};
-
-const i16 = (value: number) => {
-	view.setInt16(0, value, false);
-	return [bytes[0], bytes[1]] as number[];
-};
-
-const u24 = (value: number) => {
-	view.setUint32(0, value, false);
-	return [bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3]] as number[];
-};
-
-const u32 = (value: number) => {
-	view.setUint32(0, value, false);
-	return [bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3]] as number[];
-};
-
-const i32 = (value: number) => {
-	view.setInt32(0, value, false);
-	return [bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3]] as number[];
-};
-
-const u64 = (value: number) => {
-	view.setUint32(0, Math.floor(value / 2 ** 32), false);
-	view.setUint32(4, value, false);
-	return [bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4], bytes[5], bytes[6], bytes[7]] as number[];
-};
-
-const fixed_8_8 = (value: number) => {
-	view.setInt16(0, 2 ** 8 * value, false);
-	return [bytes[0], bytes[1]] as number[];
-};
-
-const fixed_16_16 = (value: number) => {
-	view.setInt32(0, 2 ** 16 * value, false);
-	return [bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3]] as number[];
-};
-
-const fixed_2_30 = (value: number) => {
-	view.setInt32(0, 2 ** 30 * value, false);
-	return [bytes[0], bytes[1], bytes[2], bytes[3]] as number[];
-};
-
-const variableUnsignedInt = (value: number, byteLength?: number) => {
-	const bytes: number[] = [];
-	let remaining = value;
-
-	do {
-		let byte = remaining & 0x7f;
-		remaining >>= 7;
-
-		// If this isn't the first byte we're adding (meaning there will be more bytes after it
-		// when we reverse the array), set the continuation bit
-		if (bytes.length > 0) {
-			byte |= 0x80;
-		}
-
-		bytes.push(byte);
-
-		if (byteLength !== undefined) {
-			byteLength--;
-		}
-	} while (remaining > 0 || byteLength);
-
-	// Reverse the array since we built it backwards
-	return bytes.reverse();
-};
-
-const ascii = (text: string, nullTerminated = false) => {
-	const bytes = Array(text.length).fill(null).map((_, i) => text.charCodeAt(i));
-	if (nullTerminated) bytes.push(0x00);
-	return bytes;
-};
-
-const lastPresentedSample = (samples: Sample[]) => {
-	let result: Sample | null = null;
-
-	for (const sample of samples) {
-		if (!result || sample.timestamp > result.timestamp) {
-			result = sample;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return result;
-};
-
-const rotationMatrix = (rotationInDegrees: number): TransformationMatrix => {
-	const theta = rotationInDegrees * (Math.PI / 180);
-	const cosTheta = Math.round(Math.cos(theta));
-	const sinTheta = Math.round(Math.sin(theta));
-
-	// Matrices are post-multiplied in ISOBMFF, meaning this is the transpose of your typical rotation matrix
-	return [
-		cosTheta, sinTheta, 0,
-		-sinTheta, cosTheta, 0,
-		0, 0, 1,
-	];
-};
-const IDENTITY_MATRIX = /* #__PURE__ */ rotationMatrix(0);
-
-const matrixToBytes = (matrix: TransformationMatrix) => {
-	return [
-		fixed_16_16(matrix[0]), fixed_16_16(matrix[1]), fixed_2_30(matrix[2]),
-		fixed_16_16(matrix[3]), fixed_16_16(matrix[4]), fixed_2_30(matrix[5]),
-		fixed_16_16(matrix[6]), fixed_16_16(matrix[7]), fixed_2_30(matrix[8]),
-	];
-};
-
-export interface Box {
-	type: string;
-	contents?: Uint8Array;
-	children?: (Box | null)[];
-	size?: number;
-	largeSize?: boolean;
-}
-
-type NestedNumberArray = (number | NestedNumberArray)[];
-
-export const box = (type: string, contents?: NestedNumberArray, children?: (Box | null)[]): Box => ({
-	type,
-	contents: contents && new Uint8Array(contents.flat(10) as number[]),
-	children,
-});
-
-/** A FullBox always starts with a version byte, followed by three flag bytes. */
-export const fullBox = (
-	type: string,
-	version: number,
-	flags: number,
-	contents?: NestedNumberArray,
-	children?: Box[],
-) => box(
-	type,
-	[u8(version), u24(flags), contents ?? []],
-	children,
-);
-
-/**
- * File Type Compatibility Box: Allows the reader to determine whether this is a type of file that the
- * reader understands.
- */
-export const ftyp = (details: {
-	isQuickTime: boolean;
-	holdsAvc: boolean;
-	fragmented: boolean;
-}) => {
-	// You can find the full logic for this at
-	// https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/de2fb43e785773738c660cdafb9309b1ef1bc80d/libavformat/movenc.c#L5518
-	// Obviously, this lib only needs a small subset of that logic.
-
-	const minorVersion = 0x200;
-
-	if (details.isQuickTime) {
-		return box('ftyp', [
-			ascii('qt  '), // Major brand
-			u32(minorVersion), // Minor version
-			// Compatible brands
-			ascii('qt  '),
-		]);
-	}
-
-	if (details.fragmented) {
-		return box('ftyp', [
-			ascii('iso5'), // Major brand
-			u32(minorVersion), // Minor version
-			// Compatible brands
-			ascii('iso5'),
-			ascii('iso6'),
-			ascii('mp41'),
-		]);
-	}
-
-	return box('ftyp', [
-		ascii('isom'), // Major brand
-		u32(minorVersion), // Minor version
-		// Compatible brands
-		ascii('isom'),
-		details.holdsAvc ? ascii('avc1') : [],
-		ascii('mp41'),
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Movie Sample Data Box. Contains the actual frames/samples of the media. */
-export const mdat = (reserveLargeSize: boolean): Box => ({ type: 'mdat', largeSize: reserveLargeSize });
-
-/** Free Space Box: A box that designates unused space in the movie data file. */
-export const free = (size: number): Box => ({ type: 'free', size });
-
-/**
- * Movie Box: Used to specify the information that defines a movie - that is, the information that allows
- * an application to interpret the sample data that is stored elsewhere.
- */
-export const moov = (muxer: IsobmffMuxer) => box('moov', undefined, [
-	mvhd(muxer.creationTime, muxer.trackDatas),
-	...muxer.trackDatas.map(x => trak(x, muxer.creationTime)),
-	muxer.isFragmented ? mvex(muxer.trackDatas) : null,
-	udta(muxer),
-]);
-
-/** Movie Header Box: Used to specify the characteristics of the entire movie, such as timescale and duration. */
-export const mvhd = (
-	creationTime: number,
-	trackDatas: IsobmffTrackData[],
-) => {
-	const duration = intoTimescale(Math.max(
-		0,
-		...trackDatas
-			.filter(x => x.samples.length > 0)
-			.map((x) => {
-				const lastSample = lastPresentedSample(x.samples)!;
-				return lastSample.timestamp + lastSample.duration;
-			}),
-	), GLOBAL_TIMESCALE);
-	const nextTrackId = Math.max(0, ...trackDatas.map(x => x.track.id)) + 1;
-
-	// Conditionally use u64 if u32 isn't enough
-	const needsU64 = !isU32(creationTime) || !isU32(duration);
-	const u32OrU64 = needsU64 ? u64 : u32;
-
-	return fullBox('mvhd', +needsU64, 0, [
-		u32OrU64(creationTime), // Creation time
-		u32OrU64(creationTime), // Modification time
-		u32(GLOBAL_TIMESCALE), // Timescale
-		u32OrU64(duration), // Duration
-		fixed_16_16(1), // Preferred rate
-		fixed_8_8(1), // Preferred volume
-		Array(10).fill(0), // Reserved
-		matrixToBytes(IDENTITY_MATRIX), // Matrix
-		Array(24).fill(0), // Pre-defined
-		u32(nextTrackId), // Next track ID
-	]);
-};
-
-/**
- * Track Box: Defines a single track of a movie. A movie may consist of one or more tracks. Each track is
- * independent of the other tracks in the movie and carries its own temporal and spatial information. Each Track Box
- * contains its associated Media Box.
- */
-export const trak = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData, creationTime: number) => {
-	const trackMetadata = getTrackMetadata(trackData);
-
-	return box('trak', undefined, [
-		tkhd(trackData, creationTime),
-		mdia(trackData, creationTime),
-		trackMetadata.name !== undefined
-			? box('udta', undefined, [
-					box('name', [ // VLC (and Mediabunny) also recognize ©nam
-						...textEncoder.encode(trackMetadata.name),
-					]),
-				])
-			: null,
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Track Header Box: Specifies the characteristics of a single track within a movie. */
-export const tkhd = (
-	trackData: IsobmffTrackData,
-	creationTime: number,
-) => {
-	const lastSample = lastPresentedSample(trackData.samples);
-	const durationInGlobalTimescale = intoTimescale(
-		lastSample ? lastSample.timestamp + lastSample.duration : 0,
-		GLOBAL_TIMESCALE,
-	);
-
-	const needsU64 = !isU32(creationTime) || !isU32(durationInGlobalTimescale);
-	const u32OrU64 = needsU64 ? u64 : u32;
-
-	let matrix: TransformationMatrix;
-	if (trackData.type === 'video') {
-		const rotation = trackData.track.metadata.rotation;
-		matrix = rotationMatrix(rotation ?? 0);
-	} else {
-		matrix = IDENTITY_MATRIX;
-	}
-
-	let flags = 0x2; // Track in movie
-	if (trackData.track.metadata.disposition?.default !== false) {
-		flags |= 0x1; // Track enabled
-	}
-
-	return fullBox('tkhd', +needsU64, flags, [
-		u32OrU64(creationTime), // Creation time
-		u32OrU64(creationTime), // Modification time
-		u32(trackData.track.id), // Track ID
-		u32(0), // Reserved
-		u32OrU64(durationInGlobalTimescale), // Duration
-		Array(8).fill(0), // Reserved
-		u16(0), // Layer
-		u16(trackData.track.id), // Alternate group
-		fixed_8_8(trackData.type === 'audio' ? 1 : 0), // Volume
-		u16(0), // Reserved
-		matrixToBytes(matrix), // Matrix
-		fixed_16_16(trackData.type === 'video' ? trackData.info.width : 0), // Track width
-		fixed_16_16(trackData.type === 'video' ? trackData.info.height : 0), // Track height
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Media Box: Describes and define a track's media type and sample data. */
-export const mdia = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData, creationTime: number) => box('mdia', undefined, [
-	mdhd(trackData, creationTime),
-	hdlr(true, TRACK_TYPE_TO_COMPONENT_SUBTYPE[trackData.type], TRACK_TYPE_TO_HANDLER_NAME[trackData.type]),
-	minf(trackData),
-]);
-
-/** Media Header Box: Specifies the characteristics of a media, including timescale and duration. */
-export const mdhd = (
-	trackData: IsobmffTrackData,
-	creationTime: number,
-) => {
-	const lastSample = lastPresentedSample(trackData.samples);
-	const localDuration = intoTimescale(
-		lastSample ? lastSample.timestamp + lastSample.duration : 0,
-		trackData.timescale,
-	);
-
-	const needsU64 = !isU32(creationTime) || !isU32(localDuration);
-	const u32OrU64 = needsU64 ? u64 : u32;
-
-	return fullBox('mdhd', +needsU64, 0, [
-		u32OrU64(creationTime), // Creation time
-		u32OrU64(creationTime), // Modification time
-		u32(trackData.timescale), // Timescale
-		u32OrU64(localDuration), // Duration
-		u16(getLanguageCodeInt(trackData.track.metadata.languageCode ?? UNDETERMINED_LANGUAGE)), // Language
-		u16(0), // Quality
-	]);
-};
-
-const TRACK_TYPE_TO_COMPONENT_SUBTYPE: Record<IsobmffTrackData['type'], string> = {
-	video: 'vide',
-	audio: 'soun',
-	subtitle: 'text',
-};
-
-const TRACK_TYPE_TO_HANDLER_NAME: Record<IsobmffTrackData['type'], string> = {
-	video: 'MediabunnyVideoHandler',
-	audio: 'MediabunnySoundHandler',
-	subtitle: 'MediabunnyTextHandler',
-};
-
-/** Handler Reference Box. */
-export const hdlr = (
-	hasComponentType: boolean,
-	handlerType: string,
-	name: string,
-	manufacturer = '\0\0\0\0',
-) => fullBox('hdlr', 0, 0, [
-	hasComponentType ? ascii('mhlr') : u32(0), // Component type
-	ascii(handlerType), // Component subtype
-	ascii(manufacturer), // Component manufacturer
-	u32(0), // Component flags
-	u32(0), // Component flags mask
-	ascii(name, true), // Component name
-]);
-
-/**
- * Media Information Box: Stores handler-specific information for a track's media data. The media handler uses this
- * information to map from media time to media data and to process the media data.
- */
-export const minf = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => box('minf', undefined, [
-	TRACK_TYPE_TO_HEADER_BOX[trackData.type](),
-	dinf(),
-	stbl(trackData),
-]);
-
-/** Video Media Information Header Box: Defines specific color and graphics mode information. */
-export const vmhd = () => fullBox('vmhd', 0, 1, [
-	u16(0), // Graphics mode
-	u16(0), // Opcolor R
-	u16(0), // Opcolor G
-	u16(0), // Opcolor B
-]);
-
-/** Sound Media Information Header Box: Stores the sound media's control information, such as balance. */
-export const smhd = () => fullBox('smhd', 0, 0, [
-	u16(0), // Balance
-	u16(0), // Reserved
-]);
-
-/** Null Media Header Box. */
-export const nmhd = () => fullBox('nmhd', 0, 0);
-
-const TRACK_TYPE_TO_HEADER_BOX: Record<IsobmffTrackData['type'], () => Box> = {
-	video: vmhd,
-	audio: smhd,
-	subtitle: nmhd,
-};
-
-/**
- * Data Information Box: Contains information specifying the data handler component that provides access to the
- * media data. The data handler component uses the Data Information Box to interpret the media's data.
- */
-export const dinf = () => box('dinf', undefined, [
-	dref(),
-]);
-
-/**
- * Data Reference Box: Contains tabular data that instructs the data handler component how to access the media's data.
- */
-export const dref = () => fullBox('dref', 0, 0, [
-	u32(1), // Entry count
-], [
-	url(),
-]);
-
-export const url = () => fullBox('url ', 0, 1); // Self-reference flag enabled
-
-/**
- * Sample Table Box: Contains information for converting from media time to sample number to sample location. This box
- * also indicates how to interpret the sample (for example, whether to decompress the video data and, if so, how).
- */
-export const stbl = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	const needsCtts = trackData.compositionTimeOffsetTable.length > 1
-		|| trackData.compositionTimeOffsetTable.some(x => x.sampleCompositionTimeOffset !== 0);
-
-	return box('stbl', undefined, [
-		stsd(trackData),
-		stts(trackData),
-		needsCtts ? ctts(trackData) : null,
-		needsCtts ? cslg(trackData) : null,
-		stsc(trackData),
-		stsz(trackData),
-		stco(trackData),
-		stss(trackData),
-	]);
-};
-
-/**
- * Sample Description Box: Stores information that allows you to decode samples in the media. The data stored in the
- * sample description varies, depending on the media type.
- */
-export const stsd = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	let sampleDescription: Box;
-
-	if (trackData.type === 'video') {
-		sampleDescription = videoSampleDescription(
-			videoCodecToBoxName(trackData.track.source._codec, trackData.info.decoderConfig.codec),
-			trackData,
-		);
-	} else if (trackData.type === 'audio') {
-		const boxName = audioCodecToBoxName(trackData.track.source._codec, trackData.muxer.isQuickTime);
-		assert(boxName);
-
-		sampleDescription = soundSampleDescription(
-			boxName,
-			trackData,
-		);
-	} else if (trackData.type === 'subtitle') {
-		const boxName = SUBTITLE_CODEC_TO_BOX_NAME[trackData.track.source._codec];
-		if (!boxName) {
-			throw new Error(
-				`Subtitle codec '${trackData.track.source._codec}' is not supported in MP4/MOV. Only WebVTT is supported.`,
-			);
-		}
-		sampleDescription = subtitleSampleDescription(
-			boxName,
-			trackData,
-		);
-	}
-
-	assert(sampleDescription!);
-
-	return fullBox('stsd', 0, 0, [
-		u32(1), // Entry count
-	], [
-		sampleDescription,
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Video Sample Description Box: Contains information that defines how to interpret video media data. */
-export const videoSampleDescription = (
-	compressionType: string,
-	trackData: IsobmffVideoTrackData,
-) => box(compressionType, [
-	Array(6).fill(0), // Reserved
-	u16(1), // Data reference index
-	u16(0), // Pre-defined
-	u16(0), // Reserved
-	Array(12).fill(0), // Pre-defined
-	u16(trackData.info.width), // Width
-	u16(trackData.info.height), // Height
-	u32(0x00480000), // Horizontal resolution
-	u32(0x00480000), // Vertical resolution
-	u32(0), // Reserved
-	u16(1), // Frame count
-	Array(32).fill(0), // Compressor name
-	u16(0x0018), // Depth
-	i16(0xffff), // Pre-defined
-], [
-	VIDEO_CODEC_TO_CONFIGURATION_BOX[trackData.track.source._codec](trackData),
-	colorSpaceIsComplete(trackData.info.decoderConfig.colorSpace) ? colr(trackData) : null,
-]);
-
-/** Colour Information Box: Specifies the color space of the video. */
-export const colr = (trackData: IsobmffVideoTrackData) => box('colr', [
-	ascii('nclx'), // Colour type
-	u16(COLOR_PRIMARIES_MAP[trackData.info.decoderConfig.colorSpace!.primaries!]), // Colour primaries
-	u16(TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTICS_MAP[trackData.info.decoderConfig.colorSpace!.transfer!]), // Transfer characteristics
-	u16(MATRIX_COEFFICIENTS_MAP[trackData.info.decoderConfig.colorSpace!.matrix!]), // Matrix coefficients
-	u8((trackData.info.decoderConfig.colorSpace!.fullRange ? 1 : 0) << 7), // Full range flag
-]);
-
-/** AVC Configuration Box: Provides additional information to the decoder. */
-export const avcC = (trackData: IsobmffVideoTrackData) => trackData.info.decoderConfig && box('avcC', [
-	// For AVC, description is an AVCDecoderConfigurationRecord, so nothing else to do here
-	...toUint8Array(trackData.info.decoderConfig.description!),
-]);
-
-/** HEVC Configuration Box: Provides additional information to the decoder. */
-export const hvcC = (trackData: IsobmffVideoTrackData) => trackData.info.decoderConfig && box('hvcC', [
-	// For HEVC, description is an HEVCDecoderConfigurationRecord, so nothing else to do here
-	...toUint8Array(trackData.info.decoderConfig.description!),
-]);
-
-/** VP Configuration Box: Provides additional information to the decoder. */
-export const vpcC = (trackData: IsobmffVideoTrackData) => {
-	// Reference: https://www.webmproject.org/vp9/mp4/
-
-	if (!trackData.info.decoderConfig) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	const decoderConfig = trackData.info.decoderConfig;
-
-	const parts = decoderConfig.codec.split('.'); // We can derive the required values from the codec string
-	const profile = Number(parts[1]);
-	const level = Number(parts[2]);
-
-	const bitDepth = Number(parts[3]);
-	const chromaSubsampling = parts[4] ? Number(parts[4]) : 1; // 4:2:0 colocated with luma (0,0)
-	const videoFullRangeFlag = parts[8] ? Number(parts[8]) : Number(decoderConfig.colorSpace?.fullRange ?? 0);
-	const thirdByte = (bitDepth << 4) + (chromaSubsampling << 1) + videoFullRangeFlag;
-
-	const colourPrimaries = parts[5]
-		? Number(parts[5])
-		: decoderConfig.colorSpace?.primaries
-			? COLOR_PRIMARIES_MAP[decoderConfig.colorSpace.primaries]
-			: 2; // Default to undetermined
-	const transferCharacteristics = parts[6]
-		? Number(parts[6])
-		: decoderConfig.colorSpace?.transfer
-			? TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTICS_MAP[decoderConfig.colorSpace.transfer]
-			: 2;
-	const matrixCoefficients = parts[7]
-		? Number(parts[7])
-		: decoderConfig.colorSpace?.matrix
-			? MATRIX_COEFFICIENTS_MAP[decoderConfig.colorSpace.matrix]
-			: 2;
-
-	return fullBox('vpcC', 1, 0, [
-		u8(profile), // Profile
-		u8(level), // Level
-		u8(thirdByte), // Bit depth, chroma subsampling, full range
-		u8(colourPrimaries), // Colour primaries
-		u8(transferCharacteristics), // Transfer characteristics
-		u8(matrixCoefficients), // Matrix coefficients
-		u16(0), // Codec initialization data size
-	]);
-};
-
-/** AV1 Configuration Box: Provides additional information to the decoder. */
-export const av1C = (trackData: IsobmffVideoTrackData) => {
-	return box('av1C', generateAv1CodecConfigurationFromCodecString(trackData.info.decoderConfig.codec));
-};
-
-/** Sound Sample Description Box: Contains information that defines how to interpret sound media data. */
-export const soundSampleDescription = (
-	compressionType: string,
-	trackData: IsobmffAudioTrackData,
-) => {
-	let version = 0;
-	let contents: NestedNumberArray;
-
-	let sampleSizeInBits = 16;
-	if ((PCM_AUDIO_CODECS as readonly AudioCodec[]).includes(trackData.track.source._codec)) {
-		const codec = trackData.track.source._codec as PcmAudioCodec;
-		const { sampleSize } = parsePcmCodec(codec);
-		sampleSizeInBits = 8 * sampleSize;
-
-		if (sampleSizeInBits > 16) {
-			version = 1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (version === 0) {
-		contents = [
-			Array(6).fill(0), // Reserved
-			u16(1), // Data reference index
-			u16(version), // Version
-			u16(0), // Revision level
-			u32(0), // Vendor
-			u16(trackData.info.numberOfChannels), // Number of channels
-			u16(sampleSizeInBits), // Sample size (bits)
-			u16(0), // Compression ID
-			u16(0), // Packet size
-			u16(trackData.info.sampleRate < 2 ** 16 ? trackData.info.sampleRate : 0), // Sample rate (upper)
-			u16(0), // Sample rate (lower)
-		];
-	} else {
-		contents = [
-			Array(6).fill(0), // Reserved
-			u16(1), // Data reference index
-			u16(version), // Version
-			u16(0), // Revision level
-			u32(0), // Vendor
-			u16(trackData.info.numberOfChannels), // Number of channels
-			u16(Math.min(sampleSizeInBits, 16)), // Sample size (bits)
-			u16(0), // Compression ID
-			u16(0), // Packet size
-			u16(trackData.info.sampleRate < 2 ** 16 ? trackData.info.sampleRate : 0), // Sample rate (upper)
-			u16(0), // Sample rate (lower)
-			u32(1), // Samples per packet (must be 1 for uncompressed formats)
-			u32(sampleSizeInBits / 8), // Bytes per packet
-			u32(trackData.info.numberOfChannels * sampleSizeInBits / 8), // Bytes per frame
-			u32(2), // Bytes per sample (constant in FFmpeg)
-		];
-	}
-
-	return box(compressionType, contents, [
-		audioCodecToConfigurationBox(trackData.track.source._codec, trackData.muxer.isQuickTime)?.(trackData) ?? null,
-	]);
-};
-
-/** MPEG-4 Elementary Stream Descriptor Box. */
-export const esds = (trackData: IsobmffAudioTrackData) => {
-	// We build up the bytes in a layered way which reflects the nested structure
-
-	let objectTypeIndication: number;
-	switch (trackData.track.source._codec) {
-		case 'aac': {
-			objectTypeIndication = 0x40;
-		}; break;
-		case 'mp3': {
-			objectTypeIndication = 0x6b;
-		}; break;
-		case 'vorbis': {
-			objectTypeIndication = 0xdd;
-		}; break;
-		default: throw new Error(`Unhandled audio codec: ${trackData.track.source._codec}`);
-	}
-
-	let bytes = [
-		...u8(objectTypeIndication), // Object type indication
-		...u8(0x15), // stream type(6bits)=5 audio, flags(2bits)=1
-		...u24(0), // 24bit buffer size
-		...u32(0), // max bitrate
-		...u32(0), // avg bitrate
-	];
-	if (trackData.info.decoderConfig.description) {
-		const description = toUint8Array(trackData.info.decoderConfig.description);
-
-		// Add the decoder description to the end
-		bytes = [
-			...bytes,
-			...u8(0x05), // TAG(5) = DecoderSpecificInfo
-			...variableUnsignedInt(description.byteLength),
-			...description,
-		];
-	}
-
-	bytes = [
-		...u16(1), // ES_ID = 1
-		...u8(0x00), // flags etc = 0
-		...u8(0x04), // TAG(4) = ES Descriptor
-		...variableUnsignedInt(bytes.length),
-		...bytes,
-		...u8(0x06), // TAG(6)
-		...u8(0x01), // length
-		...u8(0x02), // data
-	];
-	bytes = [
-		...u8(0x03), // TAG(3) = Object Descriptor
-		...variableUnsignedInt(bytes.length),
-		...bytes,
-	];
-
-	return fullBox('esds', 0, 0, bytes);
-};
-
-export const wave = (trackData: IsobmffAudioTrackData) => {
-	return box('wave', undefined, [
-		frma(trackData),
-		enda(trackData),
-		box('\x00\x00\x00\x00'), // NULL tag at the end
-	]);
-};
-
-export const frma = (trackData: IsobmffAudioTrackData) => {
-	return box('frma', [
-		ascii(audioCodecToBoxName(trackData.track.source._codec, trackData.muxer.isQuickTime)),
-	]);
-};
-
-// This box specifies PCM endianness
-export const enda = (trackData: IsobmffAudioTrackData) => {
-	const { littleEndian } = parsePcmCodec(trackData.track.source._codec as PcmAudioCodec);
-
-	return box('enda', [
-		u16(+littleEndian),
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Opus Specific Box. */
-export const dOps = (trackData: IsobmffAudioTrackData) => {
-	let outputChannelCount = trackData.info.numberOfChannels;
-	// Default PreSkip, should be at least 80 milliseconds worth of playback, measured in 48000 Hz samples
-	let preSkip = 3840;
-	let inputSampleRate = trackData.info.sampleRate;
-	let outputGain = 0;
-	let channelMappingFamily = 0;
-	let channelMappingTable = new Uint8Array(0);
-
-	// Read preskip and from codec private data from the encoder
-	// https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7845#section-5
-	const description = trackData.info.decoderConfig?.description;
-	if (description) {
-		assert(description.byteLength >= 18);
-
-		const bytes = toUint8Array(description);
-		const header = parseOpusIdentificationHeader(bytes);
-
-		outputChannelCount = header.outputChannelCount;
-		preSkip = header.preSkip;
-		inputSampleRate = header.inputSampleRate;
-		outputGain = header.outputGain;
-		channelMappingFamily = header.channelMappingFamily;
-
-		if (header.channelMappingTable) {
-			channelMappingTable = header.channelMappingTable;
-		}
-	}
-
-	// https://www.opus-codec.org/docs/opus_in_isobmff.html
-	return box('dOps', [
-		u8(0), // Version
-		u8(outputChannelCount), // OutputChannelCount
-		u16(preSkip), // PreSkip
-		u32(inputSampleRate), // InputSampleRate
-		i16(outputGain), // OutputGain
-		u8(channelMappingFamily), // ChannelMappingFamily
-		...channelMappingTable,
-	]);
-};
-
-/** FLAC specific box. */
-export const dfLa = (trackData: IsobmffAudioTrackData) => {
-	const description = trackData.info.decoderConfig?.description;
-	assert(description);
-
-	const bytes = toUint8Array(description);
-
-	return fullBox('dfLa', 0, 0, [
-		...bytes.subarray(4),
-	]);
-};
-
-/** PCM Configuration Box, ISO/IEC 23003-5. */
-const pcmC = (trackData: IsobmffAudioTrackData) => {
-	const { littleEndian, sampleSize } = parsePcmCodec(trackData.track.source._codec as PcmAudioCodec);
-	const formatFlags = +littleEndian;
-
-	return fullBox('pcmC', 0, 0, [
-		u8(formatFlags),
-		u8(8 * sampleSize),
-	]);
-};
-
-export const subtitleSampleDescription = (
-	compressionType: string,
-	trackData: IsobmffSubtitleTrackData,
-) => {
-	const configBox = SUBTITLE_CODEC_TO_CONFIGURATION_BOX[trackData.track.source._codec];
-	if (!configBox) {
-		throw new Error(
-			`Subtitle codec '${trackData.track.source._codec}' is not supported in MP4/MOV. Only WebVTT is supported.`,
-		);
-	}
-	return box(compressionType, [
-		Array(6).fill(0), // Reserved
-		u16(1), // Data reference index
-	], [
-		configBox(trackData),
-	]);
-};
-
-export const vttC = (trackData: IsobmffSubtitleTrackData) => box('vttC', [
-	...textEncoder.encode(trackData.info.config.description),
-]);
-
-export const txtC = (textConfig: Uint8Array) => fullBox('txtC', 0, 0, [
-	...textConfig, 0, // Text config (null-terminated)
-]);
-
-/**
- * Time-To-Sample Box: Stores duration information for a media's samples, providing a mapping from a time in a media
- * to the corresponding data sample. The table is compact, meaning that consecutive samples with the same time delta
- * will be grouped.
- */
-export const stts = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	return fullBox('stts', 0, 0, [
-		u32(trackData.timeToSampleTable.length), // Number of entries
-		trackData.timeToSampleTable.map(x => [ // Time-to-sample table
-			u32(x.sampleCount), // Sample count
-			u32(x.sampleDelta), // Sample duration
-		]),
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Sync Sample Box: Identifies the key frames in the media, marking the random access points within a stream. */
-export const stss = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	if (trackData.samples.every(x => x.type === 'key')) return null; // No stss box -> every frame is a key frame
-
-	const keySamples = [...trackData.samples.entries()].filter(([, sample]) => sample.type === 'key');
-	return fullBox('stss', 0, 0, [
-		u32(keySamples.length), // Number of entries
-		keySamples.map(([index]) => u32(index + 1)), // Sync sample table
-	]);
-};
-
-/**
- * Sample-To-Chunk Box: As samples are added to a media, they are collected into chunks that allow optimized data
- * access. A chunk contains one or more samples. Chunks in a media may have different sizes, and the samples within a
- * chunk may have different sizes. The Sample-To-Chunk Box stores chunk information for the samples in a media, stored
- * in a compactly-coded fashion.
- */
-export const stsc = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	return fullBox('stsc', 0, 0, [
-		u32(trackData.compactlyCodedChunkTable.length), // Number of entries
-		trackData.compactlyCodedChunkTable.map(x => [ // Sample-to-chunk table
-			u32(x.firstChunk), // First chunk
-			u32(x.samplesPerChunk), // Samples per chunk
-			u32(1), // Sample description index
-		]),
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Sample Size Box: Specifies the byte size of each sample in the media. */
-export const stsz = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	if (trackData.type === 'audio' && trackData.info.requiresPcmTransformation) {
-		const { sampleSize } = parsePcmCodec(trackData.track.source._codec as PcmAudioCodec);
-
-		// With PCM, every sample has the same size
-		return fullBox('stsz', 0, 0, [
-			u32(sampleSize * trackData.info.numberOfChannels), // Sample size
-			u32(trackData.samples.reduce((acc, x) => acc + intoTimescale(x.duration, trackData.timescale), 0)),
-		]);
-	}
-
-	return fullBox('stsz', 0, 0, [
-		u32(0), // Sample size (0 means non-constant size)
-		u32(trackData.samples.length), // Number of entries
-		trackData.samples.map(x => u32(x.size)), // Sample size table
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Chunk Offset Box: Identifies the location of each chunk of data in the media's data stream, relative to the file. */
-export const stco = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	if (trackData.finalizedChunks.length > 0 && last(trackData.finalizedChunks)!.offset! >= 2 ** 32) {
-		// If the file is large, use the co64 box
-		return fullBox('co64', 0, 0, [
-			u32(trackData.finalizedChunks.length), // Number of entries
-			trackData.finalizedChunks.map(x => u64(x.offset!)), // Chunk offset table
-		]);
-	}
-
-	return fullBox('stco', 0, 0, [
-		u32(trackData.finalizedChunks.length), // Number of entries
-		trackData.finalizedChunks.map(x => u32(x.offset!)), // Chunk offset table
-	]);
-};
-
-/**
- * Composition Time to Sample Box: Stores composition time offset information (PTS-DTS) for a
- * media's samples. The table is compact, meaning that consecutive samples with the same time
- * composition time offset will be grouped.
- */
-export const ctts = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	return fullBox('ctts', 1, 0, [
-		u32(trackData.compositionTimeOffsetTable.length), // Number of entries
-		trackData.compositionTimeOffsetTable.map(x => [ // Time-to-sample table
-			u32(x.sampleCount), // Sample count
-			i32(x.sampleCompositionTimeOffset), // Sample offset
-		]),
-	]);
-};
-
-/**
- * Composition to Decode Box: Stores information about the composition and display times of the media samples.
- */
-export const cslg = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	let leastDecodeToDisplayDelta = Infinity;
-	let greatestDecodeToDisplayDelta = -Infinity;
-	let compositionStartTime = Infinity;
-	let compositionEndTime = -Infinity;
-
-	assert(trackData.compositionTimeOffsetTable.length > 0);
-	assert(trackData.samples.length > 0);
-
-	for (let i = 0; i < trackData.compositionTimeOffsetTable.length; i++) {
-		const entry = trackData.compositionTimeOffsetTable[i]!;
-		leastDecodeToDisplayDelta = Math.min(leastDecodeToDisplayDelta, entry.sampleCompositionTimeOffset);
-		greatestDecodeToDisplayDelta = Math.max(greatestDecodeToDisplayDelta, entry.sampleCompositionTimeOffset);
-	}
-
-	for (let i = 0; i < trackData.samples.length; i++) {
-		const sample = trackData.samples[i]!;
-		compositionStartTime = Math.min(
-			compositionStartTime,
-			intoTimescale(sample.timestamp, trackData.timescale),
-		);
-		compositionEndTime = Math.max(
-			compositionEndTime,
-			intoTimescale(sample.timestamp + sample.duration, trackData.timescale),
-		);
-	}
-
-	const compositionToDtsShift = Math.max(-leastDecodeToDisplayDelta, 0);
-
-	if (compositionEndTime >= 2 ** 31) {
-		// For very large files, the composition end time can't be represented in i32, so let's just scrap the box in
-		// that case. QuickTime fails to read the file if there's a cslg box with version 1, so that's sadly not an
-		// option.
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	return fullBox('cslg', 0, 0, [
-		i32(compositionToDtsShift), // Composition to DTS shift
-		i32(leastDecodeToDisplayDelta), // Least decode to display delta
-		i32(greatestDecodeToDisplayDelta), // Greatest decode to display delta
-		i32(compositionStartTime), // Composition start time
-		i32(compositionEndTime), // Composition end time
-	]);
-};
-
-/**
- * Movie Extends Box: This box signals to readers that the file is fragmented. Contains a single Track Extends Box
- * for each track in the movie.
- */
-export const mvex = (trackDatas: IsobmffTrackData[]) => {
-	return box('mvex', undefined, trackDatas.map(trex));
-};
-
-/** Track Extends Box: Contains the default values used by the movie fragments. */
-export const trex = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	return fullBox('trex', 0, 0, [
-		u32(trackData.track.id), // Track ID
-		u32(1), // Default sample description index
-		u32(0), // Default sample duration
-		u32(0), // Default sample size
-		u32(0), // Default sample flags
-	]);
-};
-
-/**
- * Movie Fragment Box: The movie fragments extend the presentation in time. They provide the information that would
- * previously have been	in the Movie Box.
- */
-export const moof = (sequenceNumber: number, trackDatas: IsobmffTrackData[]) => {
-	return box('moof', undefined, [
-		mfhd(sequenceNumber),
-		...trackDatas.map(traf),
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Movie Fragment Header Box: Contains a sequence number as a safety check. */
-export const mfhd = (sequenceNumber: number) => {
-	return fullBox('mfhd', 0, 0, [
-		u32(sequenceNumber), // Sequence number
-	]);
-};
-
-const fragmentSampleFlags = (sample: Sample) => {
-	let byte1 = 0;
-	let byte2 = 0;
-	const byte3 = 0;
-	const byte4 = 0;
-
-	const sampleIsDifferenceSample = sample.type === 'delta';
-	byte2 |= +sampleIsDifferenceSample;
-
-	if (sampleIsDifferenceSample) {
-		byte1 |= 1; // There is redundant coding in this sample
-	} else {
-		byte1 |= 2; // There is no redundant coding in this sample
-	}
-
-	// Note that there are a lot of other flags to potentially set here, but most are irrelevant / non-necessary
-	return byte1 << 24 | byte2 << 16 | byte3 << 8 | byte4;
-};
-
-/** Track Fragment Box */
-export const traf = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	return box('traf', undefined, [
-		tfhd(trackData),
-		tfdt(trackData),
-		trun(trackData),
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Track Fragment Header Box: Provides a reference to the extended track, and flags. */
-export const tfhd = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	assert(trackData.currentChunk);
-
-	let tfFlags = 0;
-	tfFlags |= 0x00008; // Default sample duration present
-	tfFlags |= 0x00010; // Default sample size present
-	tfFlags |= 0x00020; // Default sample flags present
-	tfFlags |= 0x20000; // Default base is moof
-
-	// Prefer the second sample over the first one, as the first one is a sync sample and therefore the "odd one out"
-	const referenceSample = trackData.currentChunk.samples[1] ?? trackData.currentChunk.samples[0]!;
-	const referenceSampleInfo = {
-		duration: referenceSample.timescaleUnitsToNextSample,
-		size: referenceSample.size,
-		flags: fragmentSampleFlags(referenceSample),
-	};
-
-	return fullBox('tfhd', 0, tfFlags, [
-		u32(trackData.track.id), // Track ID
-		u32(referenceSampleInfo.duration), // Default sample duration
-		u32(referenceSampleInfo.size), // Default sample size
-		u32(referenceSampleInfo.flags), // Default sample flags
-	]);
-};
-
-/**
- * Track Fragment Decode Time Box: Provides the absolute decode time of the first sample of the fragment. This is
- * useful for performing random access on the media file.
- */
-export const tfdt = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	assert(trackData.currentChunk);
-
-	return fullBox('tfdt', 1, 0, [
-		u64(intoTimescale(trackData.currentChunk.startTimestamp, trackData.timescale)), // Base Media Decode Time
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Track Run Box: Specifies a run of contiguous samples for a given track. */
-export const trun = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData) => {
-	assert(trackData.currentChunk);
-
-	const allSampleDurations = trackData.currentChunk.samples.map(x => x.timescaleUnitsToNextSample);
-	const allSampleSizes = trackData.currentChunk.samples.map(x => x.size);
-	const allSampleFlags = trackData.currentChunk.samples.map(fragmentSampleFlags);
-	const allSampleCompositionTimeOffsets = trackData.currentChunk.samples
-		.map(x => intoTimescale(x.timestamp - x.decodeTimestamp, trackData.timescale));
-
-	const uniqueSampleDurations = new Set(allSampleDurations);
-	const uniqueSampleSizes = new Set(allSampleSizes);
-	const uniqueSampleFlags = new Set(allSampleFlags);
-	const uniqueSampleCompositionTimeOffsets = new Set(allSampleCompositionTimeOffsets);
-
-	const firstSampleFlagsPresent = uniqueSampleFlags.size === 2 && allSampleFlags[0] !== allSampleFlags[1];
-	const sampleDurationPresent = uniqueSampleDurations.size > 1;
-	const sampleSizePresent = uniqueSampleSizes.size > 1;
-	const sampleFlagsPresent = !firstSampleFlagsPresent && uniqueSampleFlags.size > 1;
-	const sampleCompositionTimeOffsetsPresent
-		= uniqueSampleCompositionTimeOffsets.size > 1 || [...uniqueSampleCompositionTimeOffsets].some(x => x !== 0);
-
-	let flags = 0;
-	flags |= 0x0001; // Data offset present
-	flags |= 0x0004 * +firstSampleFlagsPresent; // First sample flags present
-	flags |= 0x0100 * +sampleDurationPresent; // Sample duration present
-	flags |= 0x0200 * +sampleSizePresent; // Sample size present
-	flags |= 0x0400 * +sampleFlagsPresent; // Sample flags present
-	flags |= 0x0800 * +sampleCompositionTimeOffsetsPresent; // Sample composition time offsets present
-
-	return fullBox('trun', 1, flags, [
-		u32(trackData.currentChunk.samples.length), // Sample count
-		u32(trackData.currentChunk.offset! - trackData.currentChunk.moofOffset! || 0), // Data offset
-		firstSampleFlagsPresent ? u32(allSampleFlags[0]!) : [],
-		trackData.currentChunk.samples.map((_, i) => [
-			sampleDurationPresent ? u32(allSampleDurations[i]!) : [], // Sample duration
-			sampleSizePresent ? u32(allSampleSizes[i]!) : [], // Sample size
-			sampleFlagsPresent ? u32(allSampleFlags[i]!) : [], // Sample flags
-			// Sample composition time offsets
-			sampleCompositionTimeOffsetsPresent ? i32(allSampleCompositionTimeOffsets[i]!) : [],
-		]),
-	]);
-};
-
-/**
- * Movie Fragment Random Access Box: For each track, provides pointers to sync samples within the file
- * for random access.
- */
-export const mfra = (trackDatas: IsobmffTrackData[]) => {
-	return box('mfra', undefined, [
-		...trackDatas.map(tfra),
-		mfro(),
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Track Fragment Random Access Box: Provides pointers to sync samples within the file for random access. */
-export const tfra = (trackData: IsobmffTrackData, trackIndex: number) => {
-	const version = 1; // Using this version allows us to use 64-bit time and offset values
-
-	return fullBox('tfra', version, 0, [
-		u32(trackData.track.id), // Track ID
-		u32(0b111111), // This specifies that traf number, trun number and sample number are 32-bit ints
-		u32(trackData.finalizedChunks.length), // Number of entries
-		trackData.finalizedChunks.map(chunk => [
-			u64(intoTimescale(chunk.samples[0]!.timestamp, trackData.timescale)), // Time (in presentation time)
-			u64(chunk.moofOffset!), // moof offset
-			u32(trackIndex + 1), // traf number
-			u32(1), // trun number
-			u32(1), // Sample number
-		]),
-	]);
-};
-
-/**
- * Movie Fragment Random Access Offset Box: Provides the size of the enclosing mfra box. This box can be used by readers
- * to quickly locate the mfra box by searching from the end of the file.
- */
-export const mfro = () => {
-	return fullBox('mfro', 0, 0, [
-		// This value needs to be overwritten manually from the outside, where the actual size of the enclosing mfra box
-		// is known
-		u32(0), // Size
-	]);
-};
-
-/** VTT Empty Cue Box */
-export const vtte = () => box('vtte');
-
-/** VTT Cue Box */
-export const vttc = (
-	payload: string,
-	timestamp: number | null,
-	identifier: string | null,
-	settings: string | null,
-	sourceId: number | null,
-) => box('vttc', undefined, [
-	sourceId !== null ? box('vsid', [i32(sourceId)]) : null,
-	identifier !== null ? box('iden', [...textEncoder.encode(identifier)]) : null,
-	timestamp !== null ? box('ctim', [...textEncoder.encode(formatSubtitleTimestamp(timestamp))]) : null,
-	settings !== null ? box('sttg', [...textEncoder.encode(settings)]) : null,
-	box('payl', [...textEncoder.encode(payload)]),
-]);
-
-/** VTT Additional Text Box */
-export const vtta = (notes: string) => box('vtta', [...textEncoder.encode(notes)]);
-
-/** User Data Box */
-const udta = (muxer: IsobmffMuxer) => {
-	const boxes: Box[] = [];
-
-	const metadataFormat = muxer.format._options.metadataFormat ?? 'auto';
-	const metadataTags = muxer.output._metadataTags;
-
-	// Depending on the format, metadata tags are written differently
-	if (metadataFormat === 'mdir' || (metadataFormat === 'auto' && !muxer.isQuickTime)) {
-		const metaBox = metaMdir(metadataTags);
-		if (metaBox) boxes.push(metaBox);
-	} else if (metadataFormat === 'mdta') {
-		const metaBox = metaMdta(metadataTags);
-		if (metaBox) boxes.push(metaBox);
-	} else if (metadataFormat === 'udta' || (metadataFormat === 'auto' && muxer.isQuickTime)) {
-		addQuickTimeMetadataTagBoxes(boxes, muxer.output._metadataTags);
-	}
-
-	if (boxes.length === 0) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	return box('udta', undefined, boxes);
-};
-
-const addQuickTimeMetadataTagBoxes = (boxes: Box[], tags: MetadataTags) => {
-	// https://exiftool.org/TagNames/QuickTime.html (QuickTime UserData Tags)
-	// For QuickTime files, metadata tags are dumped into the udta box
-
-	for (const { key, value } of keyValueIterator(tags)) {
-		switch (key) {
-			case 'title': {
-				boxes.push(metadataTagStringBoxShort('©nam', value));
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'description': {
-				boxes.push(metadataTagStringBoxShort('©des', value));
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'artist': {
-				boxes.push(metadataTagStringBoxShort('©ART', value));
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'album': {
-				boxes.push(metadataTagStringBoxShort('©alb', value));
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'albumArtist': {
-				boxes.push(metadataTagStringBoxShort('albr', value));
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'genre': {
-				boxes.push(metadataTagStringBoxShort('©gen', value));
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'date': {
-				boxes.push(metadataTagStringBoxShort('©day', value.toISOString().slice(0, 10)));
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'comment': {
-				boxes.push(metadataTagStringBoxShort('©cmt', value));
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'lyrics': {
-				boxes.push(metadataTagStringBoxShort('©lyr', value));
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'raw': {
-				// Handled later
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'discNumber':
-			case 'discsTotal':
-			case 'trackNumber':
-			case 'tracksTotal':
-			case 'images': {
-				// Not written for QuickTime (common Apple L)
-			}; break;
-
-			default: assertNever(key);
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (tags.raw) {
-		for (const key in tags.raw) {
-			const value = tags.raw[key];
-			if (value == null || key.length !== 4 || boxes.some(x => x.type === key)) {
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			if (typeof value === 'string') {
-				boxes.push(metadataTagStringBoxShort(key, value));
-			} else if (value instanceof Uint8Array) {
-				boxes.push(box(key, Array.from(value)));
-			}
-		}
-	}
-};
-
-const metadataTagStringBoxShort = (name: string, value: string) => {
-	const encoded = textEncoder.encode(value);
-
-	return box(name, [
-		u16(encoded.length),
-		u16(getLanguageCodeInt('und')),
-		Array.from(encoded),
-	]);
-};
-
-const DATA_BOX_MIME_TYPE_MAP: Record<string, number> = {
-	'image/jpeg': 13,
-	'image/png': 14,
-	'image/bmp': 27,
-};
-
-/**
- * Generates key-value metadata for inclusion in the "meta" box.
- */
-const generateMetadataPairs = (tags: MetadataTags, isMdta: boolean) => {
-	const pairs: {
-		key: string;
-		value: Box;
-	}[] = [];
-
-	// https://exiftool.org/TagNames/QuickTime.html (QuickTime ItemList Tags)
-	// This is the metadata format used for MP4 files
-
-	for (const { key, value } of keyValueIterator(tags)) {
-		switch (key) {
-			case 'title': {
-				pairs.push({ key: isMdta ? 'title' : '©nam', value: dataStringBoxLong(value) });
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'description': {
-				pairs.push({ key: isMdta ? 'description' : '©des', value: dataStringBoxLong(value) });
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'artist': {
-				pairs.push({ key: isMdta ? 'artist' : '©ART', value: dataStringBoxLong(value) });
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'album': {
-				pairs.push({ key: isMdta ? 'album' : '©alb', value: dataStringBoxLong(value) });
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'albumArtist': {
-				pairs.push({ key: isMdta ? 'album_artist' : 'aART', value: dataStringBoxLong(value) });
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'comment': {
-				pairs.push({ key: isMdta ? 'comment' : '©cmt', value: dataStringBoxLong(value) });
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'genre': {
-				pairs.push({ key: isMdta ? 'genre' : '©gen', value: dataStringBoxLong(value) });
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'lyrics': {
-				pairs.push({ key: isMdta ? 'lyrics' : '©lyr', value: dataStringBoxLong(value) });
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'date': {
-				pairs.push({
-					key: isMdta ? 'date' : '©day',
-					value: dataStringBoxLong(value.toISOString().slice(0, 10)),
-				});
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'images': {
-				for (const image of value) {
-					if (image.kind !== 'coverFront') {
-						continue;
-					}
-
-					pairs.push({ key: 'covr', value: box('data', [
-						u32(DATA_BOX_MIME_TYPE_MAP[image.mimeType] ?? 0), // Type indicator
-						u32(0), // Locale indicator
-						Array.from(image.data), // Kinda slow, hopefully temp
-					]) });
-				}
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'trackNumber': {
-				if (isMdta) {
-					const string = tags.tracksTotal !== undefined
-						? `${value}/${tags.tracksTotal}`
-						: value.toString();
-
-					pairs.push({ key: 'track', value: dataStringBoxLong(string) });
-				} else {
-					pairs.push({ key: 'trkn', value: box('data', [
-						u32(0), // 8 bytes empty
-						u32(0),
-						u16(0), // Empty
-						u16(value),
-						u16(tags.tracksTotal ?? 0),
-						u16(0), // Empty
-					]) });
-				}
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'discNumber': {
-				if (!isMdta) {
-					// Only written for mdir
-					pairs.push({ key: 'disc', value: box('data', [
-						u32(0), // 8 bytes empty
-						u32(0),
-						u16(0), // Empty
-						u16(value),
-						u16(tags.discsTotal ?? 0),
-						u16(0), // Empty
-					]) });
-				}
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'tracksTotal':
-			case 'discsTotal':{
-				// These are included with 'trackNumber' and 'discNumber' respectively
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'raw': {
-				// Handled later
-			}; break;
-
-			default: assertNever(key);
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (tags.raw) {
-		for (const key in tags.raw) {
-			const value = tags.raw[key];
-			if (value == null || (!isMdta && key.length !== 4) || pairs.some(x => x.key === key)) {
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			if (typeof value === 'string') {
-				pairs.push({ key, value: dataStringBoxLong(value) });
-			} else if (value instanceof Uint8Array) {
-				pairs.push({ key, value: box('data', [
-					u32(0), // Type indicator
-					u32(0), // Locale indicator
-					Array.from(value),
-				]) });
-			} else if (value instanceof RichImageData) {
-				pairs.push({ key, value: box('data', [
-					u32(DATA_BOX_MIME_TYPE_MAP[value.mimeType] ?? 0), // Type indicator
-					u32(0), // Locale indicator
-					Array.from(value.data), // Kinda slow, hopefully temp
-				]) });
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return pairs;
-};
-
-/** Metadata Box (mdir format) */
-const metaMdir = (tags: MetadataTags) => {
-	const pairs = generateMetadataPairs(tags, false);
-
-	if (pairs.length === 0) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	// fullBox format
-	return fullBox('meta', 0, 0, undefined, [
-		hdlr(false, 'mdir', '', 'appl'), // mdir handler
-		box('ilst', undefined, pairs.map(pair => box(pair.key, undefined, [pair.value]))), // Item list without keys box
-	]);
-};
-
-/** Metadata Box (mdta format with keys box) */
-const metaMdta = (tags: MetadataTags) => {
-	const pairs = generateMetadataPairs(tags, true);
-
-	if (pairs.length === 0) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	// box without version and flags
-	return box('meta', undefined, [
-		hdlr(false, 'mdta', ''), // mdta handler
-		fullBox('keys', 0, 0, [
-			u32(pairs.length),
-		], pairs.map(pair => box('mdta', [ // Hacky since these aren't boxes technically, but if not box why box-shaped?
-			...textEncoder.encode(pair.key),
-		]))),
-		box('ilst', undefined, pairs.map((pair, i) => {
-			const boxName = String.fromCharCode(...u32(i + 1));
-			return box(boxName, undefined, [pair.value]);
-		})),
-	]);
-};
-
-const dataStringBoxLong = (value: string) => {
-	return box('data', [
-		u32(1), // Type indicator (UTF-8)
-		u32(0), // Locale indicator
-		...textEncoder.encode(value),
-	]);
-};
-
-const videoCodecToBoxName = (codec: VideoCodec, fullCodecString: string) => {
-	switch (codec) {
-		case 'avc': return fullCodecString.startsWith('avc3') ? 'avc3' : 'avc1';
-		case 'hevc': return 'hvc1';
-		case 'vp8': return 'vp08';
-		case 'vp9': return 'vp09';
-		case 'av1': return 'av01';
-	}
-};
-
-const VIDEO_CODEC_TO_CONFIGURATION_BOX: Record<VideoCodec, (trackData: IsobmffVideoTrackData) => Box | null> = {
-	avc: avcC,
-	hevc: hvcC,
-	vp8: vpcC,
-	vp9: vpcC,
-	av1: av1C,
-};
-
-const audioCodecToBoxName = (codec: AudioCodec, isQuickTime: boolean): string => {
-	switch (codec) {
-		case 'aac': return 'mp4a';
-		case 'mp3': return 'mp4a';
-		case 'opus': return 'Opus';
-		case 'vorbis': return 'mp4a';
-		case 'flac': return 'fLaC';
-		case 'ulaw': return 'ulaw';
-		case 'alaw': return 'alaw';
-		case 'pcm-u8': return 'raw ';
-		case 'pcm-s8': return 'sowt';
-	}
-
-	// Logic diverges here
-	if (isQuickTime) {
-		switch (codec) {
-			case 'pcm-s16': return 'sowt';
-			case 'pcm-s16be': return 'twos';
-			case 'pcm-s24': return 'in24';
-			case 'pcm-s24be': return 'in24';
-			case 'pcm-s32': return 'in32';
-			case 'pcm-s32be': return 'in32';
-			case 'pcm-f32': return 'fl32';
-			case 'pcm-f32be': return 'fl32';
-			case 'pcm-f64': return 'fl64';
-			case 'pcm-f64be': return 'fl64';
-		}
-	} else {
-		switch (codec) {
-			case 'pcm-s16': return 'ipcm';
-			case 'pcm-s16be': return 'ipcm';
-			case 'pcm-s24': return 'ipcm';
-			case 'pcm-s24be': return 'ipcm';
-			case 'pcm-s32': return 'ipcm';
-			case 'pcm-s32be': return 'ipcm';
-			case 'pcm-f32': return 'fpcm';
-			case 'pcm-f32be': return 'fpcm';
-			case 'pcm-f64': return 'fpcm';
-			case 'pcm-f64be': return 'fpcm';
-		}
-	}
-};
-
-const audioCodecToConfigurationBox = (codec: AudioCodec, isQuickTime: boolean) => {
-	switch (codec) {
-		case 'aac': return esds;
-		case 'mp3': return esds;
-		case 'opus': return dOps;
-		case 'vorbis': return esds;
-		case 'flac': return dfLa;
-	}
-
-	// Logic diverges here
-	if (isQuickTime) {
-		switch (codec) {
-			case 'pcm-s24': return wave;
-			case 'pcm-s24be': return wave;
-			case 'pcm-s32': return wave;
-			case 'pcm-s32be': return wave;
-			case 'pcm-f32': return wave;
-			case 'pcm-f32be': return wave;
-			case 'pcm-f64': return wave;
-			case 'pcm-f64be': return wave;
-		}
-	} else {
-		switch (codec) {
-			case 'pcm-s16': return pcmC;
-			case 'pcm-s16be': return pcmC;
-			case 'pcm-s24': return pcmC;
-			case 'pcm-s24be': return pcmC;
-			case 'pcm-s32': return pcmC;
-			case 'pcm-s32be': return pcmC;
-			case 'pcm-f32': return pcmC;
-			case 'pcm-f32be': return pcmC;
-			case 'pcm-f64': return pcmC;
-			case 'pcm-f64be': return pcmC;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return null;
-};
-
-const SUBTITLE_CODEC_TO_BOX_NAME: Partial<Record<SubtitleCodec, string>> = {
-	webvtt: 'wvtt',
-	tx3g: 'tx3g',
-	ttml: 'stpp',
-};
-
-const SUBTITLE_CODEC_TO_CONFIGURATION_BOX: Partial<Record<
-	SubtitleCodec,
-	(trackData: IsobmffSubtitleTrackData) => Box | null
->> = {
-	webvtt: vttC,
-	tx3g: () => null, // tx3g doesn't require a configuration box
-	ttml: () => null, // stpp configuration is optional
-};
-
-const getLanguageCodeInt = (code: string) => {
-	assert(code.length === 3); ;
-
-	let language = 0;
-	for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-		language <<= 5;
-		language += code.charCodeAt(i) - 0x60;
-	}
-
-	return language;
-};