@kenzuya/mediabunny 1.26.0 → 1.28.6

package/src/codec-data.ts

@@ -1,2078 +0,0 @@
-/*!
- * Copyright (c) 2025-present, Vanilagy and contributors
- *
- * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- * file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
- */
-
-import { VideoCodec, VP9_LEVEL_TABLE } from './codec';
-import {
-	assert,
-	assertNever,
-	base64ToBytes,
-	Bitstream,
-	bytesToBase64,
-	keyValueIterator,
-	getUint24,
-	last,
-	readExpGolomb,
-	readSignedExpGolomb,
-	textDecoder,
-	textEncoder,
-	toDataView,
-	toUint8Array,
-} from './misc';
-import { PacketType } from './packet';
-import { MetadataTags } from './metadata';
-
-// References for AVC/HEVC code:
-// ISO 14496-15
-// Rec. ITU-T H.264
-// Rec. ITU-T H.265
-// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24884827
-
-export enum AvcNalUnitType {
-	IDR = 5,
-	SPS = 7,
-	PPS = 8,
-	SPS_EXT = 13,
-}
-
-export enum HevcNalUnitType {
-	RASL_N = 8,
-	RASL_R = 9,
-	BLA_W_LP = 16,
-	RSV_IRAP_VCL23 = 23,
-	VPS_NUT = 32,
-	SPS_NUT = 33,
-	PPS_NUT = 34,
-	PREFIX_SEI_NUT = 39,
-	SUFFIX_SEI_NUT = 40,
-}
-
-/** Finds all NAL units in an AVC packet in Annex B format. */
-export const findNalUnitsInAnnexB = (packetData: Uint8Array) => {
-	const nalUnits: Uint8Array[] = [];
-	let i = 0;
-
-	while (i < packetData.length) {
-		let startCodePos = -1;
-		let startCodeLength = 0;
-
-		for (let j = i; j < packetData.length - 3; j++) {
-			// Check for 3-byte start code (0x000001)
-			if (packetData[j] === 0 && packetData[j + 1] === 0 && packetData[j + 2] === 1) {
-				startCodePos = j;
-				startCodeLength = 3;
-				break;
-			}
-
-			// Check for 4-byte start code (0x00000001)
-			if (
-				j < packetData.length - 4
-				&& packetData[j] === 0
-				&& packetData[j + 1] === 0
-				&& packetData[j + 2] === 0
-				&& packetData[j + 3] === 1
-			) {
-				startCodePos = j;
-				startCodeLength = 4;
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (startCodePos === -1) {
-			break; // No more start codes found
-		}
-
-		// If this isn't the first start code, extract the previous NAL unit
-		if (i > 0 && startCodePos > i) {
-			const nalData = packetData.subarray(i, startCodePos);
-			if (nalData.length > 0) {
-				nalUnits.push(nalData);
-			}
-		}
-
-		i = startCodePos + startCodeLength;
-	}
-
-	// Extract the last NAL unit if there is one
-	if (i < packetData.length) {
-		const nalData = packetData.subarray(i);
-		if (nalData.length > 0) {
-			nalUnits.push(nalData);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nalUnits;
-};
-
-/** Finds all NAL units in an AVC packet in length-prefixed format. */
-const findNalUnitsInLengthPrefixed = (packetData: Uint8Array, lengthSize: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4) => {
-	const nalUnits: Uint8Array[] = [];
-	let offset = 0;
-
-	const dataView = new DataView(packetData.buffer, packetData.byteOffset, packetData.byteLength);
-
-	while (offset + lengthSize <= packetData.length) {
-		let nalUnitLength: number;
-		if (lengthSize === 1) {
-			nalUnitLength = dataView.getUint8(offset);
-		} else if (lengthSize === 2) {
-			nalUnitLength = dataView.getUint16(offset, false);
-		} else if (lengthSize === 3) {
-			nalUnitLength = getUint24(dataView, offset, false);
-		} else if (lengthSize === 4) {
-			nalUnitLength = dataView.getUint32(offset, false);
-		} else {
-			assertNever(lengthSize);
-			assert(false);
-		}
-
-		offset += lengthSize;
-
-		const nalUnit = packetData.subarray(offset, offset + nalUnitLength);
-		nalUnits.push(nalUnit);
-
-		offset += nalUnitLength;
-	}
-
-	return nalUnits;
-};
-
-const removeEmulationPreventionBytes = (data: Uint8Array) => {
-	const result: number[] = [];
-	const len = data.length;
-
-	for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-		// Look for the 0x000003 pattern
-		if (i + 2 < len && data[i] === 0x00 && data[i + 1] === 0x00 && data[i + 2] === 0x03) {
-			result.push(0x00, 0x00); // Push the first two bytes
-			i += 2; // Skip the 0x03 byte
-		} else {
-			result.push(data[i]!);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return new Uint8Array(result);
-};
-
-/** Converts an AVC packet in Annex B format to length-prefixed format. */
-export const transformAnnexBToLengthPrefixed = (packetData: Uint8Array) => {
-	const NAL_UNIT_LENGTH_SIZE = 4;
-
-	const nalUnits = findNalUnitsInAnnexB(packetData);
-
-	if (nalUnits.length === 0) {
-		// If no NAL units were found, it's not valid Annex B data
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	let totalSize = 0;
-	for (const nalUnit of nalUnits) {
-		totalSize += NAL_UNIT_LENGTH_SIZE + nalUnit.byteLength;
-	}
-
-	const avccData = new Uint8Array(totalSize);
-	const dataView = new DataView(avccData.buffer);
-	let offset = 0;
-
-	// Write each NAL unit with its length prefix
-	for (const nalUnit of nalUnits) {
-		const length = nalUnit.byteLength;
-
-		dataView.setUint32(offset, length, false);
-		offset += 4;
-
-		avccData.set(nalUnit, offset);
-		offset += nalUnit.byteLength;
-	}
-
-	return avccData;
-};
-
-// Data specified in ISO 14496-15
-export type AvcDecoderConfigurationRecord = {
-	configurationVersion: number;
-	avcProfileIndication: number;
-	profileCompatibility: number;
-	avcLevelIndication: number;
-	lengthSizeMinusOne: number;
-	sequenceParameterSets: Uint8Array[];
-	pictureParameterSets: Uint8Array[];
-
-	// Fields only for specific profiles:
-	chromaFormat: number | null;
-	bitDepthLumaMinus8: number | null;
-	bitDepthChromaMinus8: number | null;
-	sequenceParameterSetExt: Uint8Array[] | null;
-};
-
-export const extractAvcNalUnits = (packetData: Uint8Array, decoderConfig: VideoDecoderConfig) => {
-	if (decoderConfig.description) {
-		// Stream is length-prefixed. Let's extract the size of the length prefix from the decoder config
-
-		const bytes = toUint8Array(decoderConfig.description);
-		const lengthSizeMinusOne = bytes[4]! & 0b11;
-		const lengthSize = (lengthSizeMinusOne + 1) as 1 | 2 | 3 | 4;
-
-		return findNalUnitsInLengthPrefixed(packetData, lengthSize);
-	} else {
-		// Stream is in Annex B format
-		return findNalUnitsInAnnexB(packetData);
-	}
-};
-
-const extractNalUnitTypeForAvc = (data: Uint8Array) => {
-	return data[0]! & 0x1F;
-};
-
-/** Builds an AvcDecoderConfigurationRecord from an AVC packet in Annex B format. */
-export const extractAvcDecoderConfigurationRecord = (packetData: Uint8Array): AvcDecoderConfigurationRecord | null => {
-	try {
-		const nalUnits = findNalUnitsInAnnexB(packetData);
-
-		const spsUnits = nalUnits.filter(unit => extractNalUnitTypeForAvc(unit) === AvcNalUnitType.SPS);
-		const ppsUnits = nalUnits.filter(unit => extractNalUnitTypeForAvc(unit) === AvcNalUnitType.PPS);
-		const spsExtUnits = nalUnits.filter(unit => extractNalUnitTypeForAvc(unit) === AvcNalUnitType.SPS_EXT);
-
-		if (spsUnits.length === 0) {
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		if (ppsUnits.length === 0) {
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		// Let's get the first SPS for profile and level information
-		const spsData = spsUnits[0]!;
-		const spsInfo = parseAvcSps(spsData);
-		assert(spsInfo !== null);
-
-		const hasExtendedData = spsInfo.profileIdc === 100
-			|| spsInfo.profileIdc === 110
-			|| spsInfo.profileIdc === 122
-			|| spsInfo.profileIdc === 144;
-
-		return {
-			configurationVersion: 1,
-			avcProfileIndication: spsInfo.profileIdc,
-			profileCompatibility: spsInfo.constraintFlags,
-			avcLevelIndication: spsInfo.levelIdc,
-			lengthSizeMinusOne: 3, // Typically 4 bytes for length field
-			sequenceParameterSets: spsUnits,
-			pictureParameterSets: ppsUnits,
-			chromaFormat: hasExtendedData ? spsInfo.chromaFormatIdc : null,
-			bitDepthLumaMinus8: hasExtendedData ? spsInfo.bitDepthLumaMinus8 : null,
-			bitDepthChromaMinus8: hasExtendedData ? spsInfo.bitDepthChromaMinus8 : null,
-			sequenceParameterSetExt: hasExtendedData ? spsExtUnits : null,
-		};
-	} catch (error) {
-		console.error('Error building AVC Decoder Configuration Record:', error);
-		return null;
-	}
-};
-
-/** Serializes an AvcDecoderConfigurationRecord into the format specified in Section 5.3.3.1 of ISO 14496-15. */
-export const serializeAvcDecoderConfigurationRecord = (record: AvcDecoderConfigurationRecord) => {
-	const bytes: number[] = [];
-
-	// Write header
-	bytes.push(record.configurationVersion);
-	bytes.push(record.avcProfileIndication);
-	bytes.push(record.profileCompatibility);
-	bytes.push(record.avcLevelIndication);
-	bytes.push(0xFC | (record.lengthSizeMinusOne & 0x03)); // Reserved bits (6) + lengthSizeMinusOne (2)
-
-	// Reserved bits (3) + numOfSequenceParameterSets (5)
-	bytes.push(0xE0 | (record.sequenceParameterSets.length & 0x1F));
-
-	// Write SPS
-	for (const sps of record.sequenceParameterSets) {
-		const length = sps.byteLength;
-		bytes.push(length >> 8); // High byte
-		bytes.push(length & 0xFF); // Low byte
-
-		for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-			bytes.push(sps[i]!);
-		}
-	}
-
-	bytes.push(record.pictureParameterSets.length);
-
-	// Write PPS
-	for (const pps of record.pictureParameterSets) {
-		const length = pps.byteLength;
-		bytes.push(length >> 8); // High byte
-		bytes.push(length & 0xFF); // Low byte
-
-		for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-			bytes.push(pps[i]!);
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (
-		record.avcProfileIndication === 100
-		|| record.avcProfileIndication === 110
-		|| record.avcProfileIndication === 122
-		|| record.avcProfileIndication === 144
-	) {
-		assert(record.chromaFormat !== null);
-		assert(record.bitDepthLumaMinus8 !== null);
-		assert(record.bitDepthChromaMinus8 !== null);
-		assert(record.sequenceParameterSetExt !== null);
-
-		bytes.push(0xFC | (record.chromaFormat & 0x03)); // Reserved bits + chroma_format
-		bytes.push(0xF8 | (record.bitDepthLumaMinus8 & 0x07)); // Reserved bits + bit_depth_luma_minus8
-		bytes.push(0xF8 | (record.bitDepthChromaMinus8 & 0x07)); // Reserved bits + bit_depth_chroma_minus8
-
-		bytes.push(record.sequenceParameterSetExt.length);
-
-		// Write SPS Ext
-		for (const spsExt of record.sequenceParameterSetExt) {
-			const length = spsExt.byteLength;
-			bytes.push(length >> 8); // High byte
-			bytes.push(length & 0xFF); // Low byte
-
-			for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-				bytes.push(spsExt[i]!);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return new Uint8Array(bytes);
-};
-
-/** Deserializes an AvcDecoderConfigurationRecord from the format specified in Section 5.3.3.1 of ISO 14496-15. */
-export const deserializeAvcDecoderConfigurationRecord = (data: Uint8Array): AvcDecoderConfigurationRecord | null => {
-	try {
-		const view = toDataView(data);
-		let offset = 0;
-
-		// Read header
-		const configurationVersion = view.getUint8(offset++);
-		const avcProfileIndication = view.getUint8(offset++);
-		const profileCompatibility = view.getUint8(offset++);
-		const avcLevelIndication = view.getUint8(offset++);
-		const lengthSizeMinusOne = view.getUint8(offset++) & 0x03;
-
-		const numOfSequenceParameterSets = view.getUint8(offset++) & 0x1F;
-
-		// Read SPS
-		const sequenceParameterSets: Uint8Array[] = [];
-		for (let i = 0; i < numOfSequenceParameterSets; i++) {
-			const length = view.getUint16(offset, false);
-			offset += 2;
-
-			sequenceParameterSets.push(data.subarray(offset, offset + length));
-			offset += length;
-		}
-
-		const numOfPictureParameterSets = view.getUint8(offset++);
-
-		// Read PPS
-		const pictureParameterSets: Uint8Array[] = [];
-		for (let i = 0; i < numOfPictureParameterSets; i++) {
-			const length = view.getUint16(offset, false);
-			offset += 2;
-
-			pictureParameterSets.push(data.subarray(offset, offset + length));
-			offset += length;
-		}
-
-		const record: AvcDecoderConfigurationRecord = {
-			configurationVersion,
-			avcProfileIndication,
-			profileCompatibility,
-			avcLevelIndication,
-			lengthSizeMinusOne,
-			sequenceParameterSets,
-			pictureParameterSets,
-			chromaFormat: null,
-			bitDepthLumaMinus8: null,
-			bitDepthChromaMinus8: null,
-			sequenceParameterSetExt: null,
-		};
-
-		// Check if there are extended profile fields
-		if (
-			(
-				avcProfileIndication === 100
-				|| avcProfileIndication === 110
-				|| avcProfileIndication === 122
-				|| avcProfileIndication === 144
-			)
-			&& offset + 4 <= data.length
-		) {
-			const chromaFormat = view.getUint8(offset++) & 0x03;
-			const bitDepthLumaMinus8 = view.getUint8(offset++) & 0x07;
-			const bitDepthChromaMinus8 = view.getUint8(offset++) & 0x07;
-			const numOfSequenceParameterSetExt = view.getUint8(offset++);
-
-			record.chromaFormat = chromaFormat;
-			record.bitDepthLumaMinus8 = bitDepthLumaMinus8;
-			record.bitDepthChromaMinus8 = bitDepthChromaMinus8;
-
-			// Read SPS Ext
-			const sequenceParameterSetExt: Uint8Array[] = [];
-			for (let i = 0; i < numOfSequenceParameterSetExt; i++) {
-				const length = view.getUint16(offset, false);
-				offset += 2;
-
-				sequenceParameterSetExt.push(data.subarray(offset, offset + length));
-				offset += length;
-			}
-
-			record.sequenceParameterSetExt = sequenceParameterSetExt;
-		}
-
-		return record;
-	} catch (error) {
-		console.error('Error deserializing AVC Decoder Configuration Record:', error);
-		return null;
-	}
-};
-
-export type AvcSpsInfo = {
-	profileIdc: number;
-	constraintFlags: number;
-	levelIdc: number;
-	frameMbsOnlyFlag: number;
-	chromaFormatIdc: number | null;
-	bitDepthLumaMinus8: number | null;
-	bitDepthChromaMinus8: number | null;
-};
-
-/** Parses an AVC SPS (Sequence Parameter Set) to extract basic information. */
-export const parseAvcSps = (sps: Uint8Array): AvcSpsInfo | null => {
-	try {
-		const bitstream = new Bitstream(removeEmulationPreventionBytes(sps));
-
-		bitstream.skipBits(1); // forbidden_zero_bit
-		bitstream.skipBits(2); // nal_ref_idc
-		const nalUnitType = bitstream.readBits(5);
-
-		if (nalUnitType !== 7) { // SPS NAL unit type is 7
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		const profileIdc = bitstream.readAlignedByte();
-		const constraintFlags = bitstream.readAlignedByte();
-		const levelIdc = bitstream.readAlignedByte();
-
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // seq_parameter_set_id
-
-		let chromaFormatIdc: number | null = null;
-		let bitDepthLumaMinus8: number | null = null;
-		let bitDepthChromaMinus8: number | null = null;
-
-		// Handle high profile chroma_format_idc
-		if (
-			profileIdc === 100
-			|| profileIdc === 110
-			|| profileIdc === 122
-			|| profileIdc === 244
-			|| profileIdc === 44
-			|| profileIdc === 83
-			|| profileIdc === 86
-			|| profileIdc === 118
-			|| profileIdc === 128
-		) {
-			chromaFormatIdc = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-			if (chromaFormatIdc === 3) {
-				bitstream.skipBits(1); // separate_colour_plane_flag
-			}
-			bitDepthLumaMinus8 = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-			bitDepthChromaMinus8 = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-			bitstream.skipBits(1); // qpprime_y_zero_transform_bypass_flag
-			const seqScalingMatrixPresentFlag = bitstream.readBits(1);
-			if (seqScalingMatrixPresentFlag) {
-				for (let i = 0; i < (chromaFormatIdc !== 3 ? 8 : 12); i++) {
-					const seqScalingListPresentFlag = bitstream.readBits(1);
-					if (seqScalingListPresentFlag) {
-						const sizeOfScalingList = i < 6 ? 16 : 64;
-						let lastScale = 8;
-						let nextScale = 8;
-						for (let j = 0; j < sizeOfScalingList; j++) {
-							if (nextScale !== 0) {
-								const deltaScale = readSignedExpGolomb(bitstream);
-								nextScale = (lastScale + deltaScale + 256) % 256;
-							}
-							lastScale = nextScale === 0 ? lastScale : nextScale;
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // log2_max_frame_num_minus4
-
-		const picOrderCntType = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-		if (picOrderCntType === 0) {
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4
-		} else if (picOrderCntType === 1) {
-			bitstream.skipBits(1); // delta_pic_order_always_zero_flag
-			readSignedExpGolomb(bitstream); // offset_for_non_ref_pic
-			readSignedExpGolomb(bitstream); // offset_for_top_to_bottom_field
-			const numRefFramesInPicOrderCntCycle = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-			for (let i = 0; i < numRefFramesInPicOrderCntCycle; i++) {
-				readSignedExpGolomb(bitstream); // offset_for_ref_frame[i]
-			}
-		}
-
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // max_num_ref_frames
-		bitstream.skipBits(1); // gaps_in_frame_num_value_allowed_flag
-
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // pic_width_in_mbs_minus1
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // pic_height_in_map_units_minus1
-
-		const frameMbsOnlyFlag = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-		return {
-			profileIdc,
-			constraintFlags,
-			levelIdc,
-			frameMbsOnlyFlag,
-			chromaFormatIdc,
-			bitDepthLumaMinus8,
-			bitDepthChromaMinus8,
-		};
-	} catch (error) {
-		console.error('Error parsing AVC SPS:', error);
-		return null;
-	}
-};
-
-// Data specified in ISO 14496-15
-export type HevcDecoderConfigurationRecord = {
-	configurationVersion: number;
-	generalProfileSpace: number;
-	generalTierFlag: number;
-	generalProfileIdc: number;
-	generalProfileCompatibilityFlags: number;
-	generalConstraintIndicatorFlags: Uint8Array; // 6 bytes long
-	generalLevelIdc: number;
-	minSpatialSegmentationIdc: number;
-	parallelismType: number;
-	chromaFormatIdc: number;
-	bitDepthLumaMinus8: number;
-	bitDepthChromaMinus8: number;
-	avgFrameRate: number;
-	constantFrameRate: number;
-	numTemporalLayers: number;
-	temporalIdNested: number;
-	lengthSizeMinusOne: number;
-	arrays: {
-		arrayCompleteness: number;
-		nalUnitType: number;
-		nalUnits: Uint8Array[];
-	}[];
-};
-
-export const extractHevcNalUnits = (packetData: Uint8Array, decoderConfig: VideoDecoderConfig) => {
-	if (decoderConfig.description) {
-		// Stream is length-prefixed. Let's extract the size of the length prefix from the decoder config
-
-		const bytes = toUint8Array(decoderConfig.description);
-		const lengthSizeMinusOne = bytes[21]! & 0b11;
-		const lengthSize = (lengthSizeMinusOne + 1) as 1 | 2 | 3 | 4;
-
-		return findNalUnitsInLengthPrefixed(packetData, lengthSize);
-	} else {
-		// Stream is in Annex B format
-		return findNalUnitsInAnnexB(packetData);
-	}
-};
-
-export const extractNalUnitTypeForHevc = (data: Uint8Array) => {
-	return (data[0]! >> 1) & 0x3F;
-};
-
-/** Builds a HevcDecoderConfigurationRecord from an HEVC packet in Annex B format. */
-export const extractHevcDecoderConfigurationRecord = (
-	packetData: Uint8Array,
-) => {
-	try {
-		const nalUnits = findNalUnitsInAnnexB(packetData);
-
-		const vpsUnits = nalUnits.filter(unit => extractNalUnitTypeForHevc(unit) === HevcNalUnitType.VPS_NUT);
-		const spsUnits = nalUnits.filter(unit => extractNalUnitTypeForHevc(unit) === HevcNalUnitType.SPS_NUT);
-		const ppsUnits = nalUnits.filter(unit => extractNalUnitTypeForHevc(unit) === HevcNalUnitType.PPS_NUT);
-		const seiUnits = nalUnits.filter(
-			unit => extractNalUnitTypeForHevc(unit) === HevcNalUnitType.PREFIX_SEI_NUT
-				|| extractNalUnitTypeForHevc(unit) === HevcNalUnitType.SUFFIX_SEI_NUT,
-		);
-
-		if (spsUnits.length === 0 || ppsUnits.length === 0) return null;
-
-		const sps = spsUnits[0]!;
-		const bitstream = new Bitstream(removeEmulationPreventionBytes(sps));
-
-		bitstream.skipBits(16); // NAL header
-
-		bitstream.readBits(4); // sps_video_parameter_set_id
-		const sps_max_sub_layers_minus1 = bitstream.readBits(3);
-		const sps_temporal_id_nesting_flag = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-		const {
-			general_profile_space,
-			general_tier_flag,
-			general_profile_idc,
-			general_profile_compatibility_flags,
-			general_constraint_indicator_flags,
-			general_level_idc,
-		} = parseProfileTierLevel(bitstream, sps_max_sub_layers_minus1);
-
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // sps_seq_parameter_set_id
-
-		const chroma_format_idc = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-		if (chroma_format_idc === 3) bitstream.skipBits(1); // separate_colour_plane_flag
-
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // pic_width_in_luma_samples
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // pic_height_in_luma_samples
-
-		if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // conformance_window_flag
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // conf_win_left_offset
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // conf_win_right_offset
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // conf_win_top_offset
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // conf_win_bottom_offset
-		}
-
-		const bit_depth_luma_minus8 = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-		const bit_depth_chroma_minus8 = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4
-
-		const sps_sub_layer_ordering_info_present_flag = bitstream.readBits(1);
-		const maxNum = sps_sub_layer_ordering_info_present_flag ? 0 : sps_max_sub_layers_minus1;
-		for (let i = maxNum; i <= sps_max_sub_layers_minus1; i++) {
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // sps_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[i]
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // sps_max_num_reorder_pics[i]
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // sps_max_latency_increase_plus1[i]
-		}
-
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // log2_min_luma_coding_block_size_minus3
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // log2_diff_max_min_luma_coding_block_size
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // log2_min_luma_transform_block_size_minus2
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // log2_diff_max_min_luma_transform_block_size
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // max_transform_hierarchy_depth_inter
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // max_transform_hierarchy_depth_intra
-
-		if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // scaling_list_enabled_flag
-			if (bitstream.readBits(1)) {
-				skipScalingListData(bitstream);
-			}
-		}
-
-		bitstream.skipBits(1); // amp_enabled_flag
-		bitstream.skipBits(1); // sample_adaptive_offset_enabled_flag
-
-		if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // pcm_enabled_flag
-			bitstream.skipBits(4); // pcm_sample_bit_depth_luma_minus1
-			bitstream.skipBits(4); // pcm_sample_bit_depth_chroma_minus1
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // log2_min_pcm_luma_coding_block_size_minus3
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // log2_diff_max_min_pcm_luma_coding_block_size
-			bitstream.skipBits(1); // pcm_loop_filter_disabled_flag
-		}
-
-		const num_short_term_ref_pic_sets = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-		skipAllStRefPicSets(bitstream, num_short_term_ref_pic_sets);
-
-		if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // long_term_ref_pics_present_flag
-			const num_long_term_ref_pics_sps = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-			for (let i = 0; i < num_long_term_ref_pics_sps; i++) {
-				readExpGolomb(bitstream); // lt_ref_pic_poc_lsb_sps[i]
-				bitstream.skipBits(1); // used_by_curr_pic_lt_sps_flag[i]
-			}
-		}
-
-		bitstream.skipBits(1); // sps_temporal_mvp_enabled_flag
-		bitstream.skipBits(1); // strong_intra_smoothing_enabled_flag
-
-		let min_spatial_segmentation_idc = 0;
-		if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // vui_parameters_present_flag
-			min_spatial_segmentation_idc = parseVuiForMinSpatialSegmentationIdc(bitstream, sps_max_sub_layers_minus1);
-		}
-
-		// Parse PPS for parallelismType
-		let parallelismType = 0;
-		if (ppsUnits.length > 0) {
-			const pps = ppsUnits[0]!;
-			const ppsBitstream = new Bitstream(removeEmulationPreventionBytes(pps));
-
-			ppsBitstream.skipBits(16); // NAL header
-			readExpGolomb(ppsBitstream); // pps_pic_parameter_set_id
-			readExpGolomb(ppsBitstream); // pps_seq_parameter_set_id
-			ppsBitstream.skipBits(1); // dependent_slice_segments_enabled_flag
-			ppsBitstream.skipBits(1); // output_flag_present_flag
-			ppsBitstream.skipBits(3); // num_extra_slice_header_bits
-			ppsBitstream.skipBits(1); // sign_data_hiding_enabled_flag
-			ppsBitstream.skipBits(1); // cabac_init_present_flag
-			readExpGolomb(ppsBitstream); // num_ref_idx_l0_default_active_minus1
-			readExpGolomb(ppsBitstream); // num_ref_idx_l1_default_active_minus1
-			readSignedExpGolomb(ppsBitstream); // init_qp_minus26
-			ppsBitstream.skipBits(1); // constrained_intra_pred_flag
-			ppsBitstream.skipBits(1); // transform_skip_enabled_flag
-			if (ppsBitstream.readBits(1)) { // cu_qp_delta_enabled_flag
-				readExpGolomb(ppsBitstream); // diff_cu_qp_delta_depth
-			}
-			readSignedExpGolomb(ppsBitstream); // pps_cb_qp_offset
-			readSignedExpGolomb(ppsBitstream); // pps_cr_qp_offset
-			ppsBitstream.skipBits(1); // pps_slice_chroma_qp_offsets_present_flag
-			ppsBitstream.skipBits(1); // weighted_pred_flag
-			ppsBitstream.skipBits(1); // weighted_bipred_flag
-			ppsBitstream.skipBits(1); // transquant_bypass_enabled_flag
-			const tiles_enabled_flag = ppsBitstream.readBits(1);
-			const entropy_coding_sync_enabled_flag = ppsBitstream.readBits(1);
-
-			if (!tiles_enabled_flag && !entropy_coding_sync_enabled_flag) parallelismType = 0;
-			else if (tiles_enabled_flag && !entropy_coding_sync_enabled_flag) parallelismType = 2;
-			else if (!tiles_enabled_flag && entropy_coding_sync_enabled_flag) parallelismType = 3;
-			else parallelismType = 0;
-		}
-
-		const arrays = [
-			...(vpsUnits.length
-				? [
-						{
-							arrayCompleteness: 1,
-							nalUnitType: HevcNalUnitType.VPS_NUT,
-							nalUnits: vpsUnits,
-						},
-					]
-				: []),
-			...(spsUnits.length
-				? [
-						{
-							arrayCompleteness: 1,
-							nalUnitType: HevcNalUnitType.SPS_NUT,
-							nalUnits: spsUnits,
-						},
-					]
-				: []),
-			...(ppsUnits.length
-				? [
-						{
-							arrayCompleteness: 1,
-							nalUnitType: HevcNalUnitType.PPS_NUT,
-							nalUnits: ppsUnits,
-						},
-					]
-				: []),
-			...(seiUnits.length
-				? [
-						{
-							arrayCompleteness: 1,
-							nalUnitType: extractNalUnitTypeForHevc(seiUnits[0]!),
-							nalUnits: seiUnits,
-						},
-					]
-				: []),
-		];
-
-		const record: HevcDecoderConfigurationRecord = {
-			configurationVersion: 1,
-			generalProfileSpace: general_profile_space,
-			generalTierFlag: general_tier_flag,
-			generalProfileIdc: general_profile_idc,
-			generalProfileCompatibilityFlags: general_profile_compatibility_flags,
-			generalConstraintIndicatorFlags: general_constraint_indicator_flags,
-			generalLevelIdc: general_level_idc,
-			minSpatialSegmentationIdc: min_spatial_segmentation_idc,
-			parallelismType,
-			chromaFormatIdc: chroma_format_idc,
-			bitDepthLumaMinus8: bit_depth_luma_minus8,
-			bitDepthChromaMinus8: bit_depth_chroma_minus8,
-			avgFrameRate: 0,
-			constantFrameRate: 0,
-			numTemporalLayers: sps_max_sub_layers_minus1 + 1,
-			temporalIdNested: sps_temporal_id_nesting_flag,
-			lengthSizeMinusOne: 3,
-			arrays,
-		};
-
-		return record;
-	} catch (error) {
-		console.error('Error building HEVC Decoder Configuration Record:', error);
-		return null;
-	}
-};
-
-const parseProfileTierLevel = (
-	bitstream: Bitstream,
-	maxNumSubLayersMinus1: number,
-) => {
-	const general_profile_space = bitstream.readBits(2);
-	const general_tier_flag = bitstream.readBits(1);
-	const general_profile_idc = bitstream.readBits(5);
-
-	let general_profile_compatibility_flags = 0;
-	for (let i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-		general_profile_compatibility_flags = (general_profile_compatibility_flags << 1) | bitstream.readBits(1);
-	}
-
-	const general_constraint_indicator_flags = new Uint8Array(6);
-	for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
-		general_constraint_indicator_flags[i] = bitstream.readBits(8);
-	}
-
-	const general_level_idc = bitstream.readBits(8);
-
-	const sub_layer_profile_present_flag: number[] = [];
-	const sub_layer_level_present_flag: number[] = [];
-	for (let i = 0; i < maxNumSubLayersMinus1; i++) {
-		sub_layer_profile_present_flag.push(bitstream.readBits(1));
-		sub_layer_level_present_flag.push(bitstream.readBits(1));
-	}
-	if (maxNumSubLayersMinus1 > 0) {
-		for (let i = maxNumSubLayersMinus1; i < 8; i++) {
-			bitstream.skipBits(2); // reserved_zero_2bits
-		}
-	}
-	for (let i = 0; i < maxNumSubLayersMinus1; i++) {
-		if (sub_layer_profile_present_flag[i]) bitstream.skipBits(88);
-		if (sub_layer_level_present_flag[i]) bitstream.skipBits(8);
-	}
-
-	return {
-		general_profile_space,
-		general_tier_flag,
-		general_profile_idc,
-		general_profile_compatibility_flags,
-		general_constraint_indicator_flags,
-		general_level_idc,
-	};
-};
-
-const skipScalingListData = (bitstream: Bitstream) => {
-	for (let sizeId = 0; sizeId < 4; sizeId++) {
-		for (let matrixId = 0; matrixId < (sizeId === 3 ? 2 : 6); matrixId++) {
-			const scaling_list_pred_mode_flag = bitstream.readBits(1);
-			if (!scaling_list_pred_mode_flag) {
-				readExpGolomb(bitstream); // scaling_list_pred_matrix_id_delta
-			} else {
-				const coefNum = Math.min(64, 1 << (4 + (sizeId << 1)));
-				if (sizeId > 1) {
-					readSignedExpGolomb(bitstream); // scaling_list_dc_coef_minus8
-				}
-				for (let i = 0; i < coefNum; i++) {
-					readSignedExpGolomb(bitstream); // scaling_list_delta_coef
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-};
-
-const skipAllStRefPicSets = (bitstream: Bitstream, num_short_term_ref_pic_sets: number) => {
-	const NumDeltaPocs: number[] = [];
-	for (let stRpsIdx = 0; stRpsIdx < num_short_term_ref_pic_sets; stRpsIdx++) {
-		NumDeltaPocs[stRpsIdx] = skipStRefPicSet(bitstream, stRpsIdx, num_short_term_ref_pic_sets, NumDeltaPocs);
-	}
-};
-
-const skipStRefPicSet = (
-	bitstream: Bitstream,
-	stRpsIdx: number,
-	num_short_term_ref_pic_sets: number,
-	NumDeltaPocs: number[],
-) => {
-	let NumDeltaPocsThis = 0;
-	let inter_ref_pic_set_prediction_flag = 0;
-	let RefRpsIdx = 0;
-
-	if (stRpsIdx !== 0) {
-		inter_ref_pic_set_prediction_flag = bitstream.readBits(1);
-	}
-	if (inter_ref_pic_set_prediction_flag) {
-		if (stRpsIdx === num_short_term_ref_pic_sets) {
-			const delta_idx_minus1 = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-			RefRpsIdx = stRpsIdx - (delta_idx_minus1 + 1);
-		} else {
-			RefRpsIdx = stRpsIdx - 1;
-		}
-		bitstream.readBits(1); // delta_rps_sign
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // abs_delta_rps_minus1
-
-		// The number of iterations is NumDeltaPocs[RefRpsIdx] + 1
-		const numDelta = NumDeltaPocs[RefRpsIdx] ?? 0;
-		for (let j = 0; j <= numDelta; j++) {
-			const used_by_curr_pic_flag = bitstream.readBits(1);
-			if (!used_by_curr_pic_flag) {
-				bitstream.readBits(1); // use_delta_flag
-			}
-		}
-		NumDeltaPocsThis = NumDeltaPocs[RefRpsIdx]!;
-	} else {
-		const num_negative_pics = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-		const num_positive_pics = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-
-		for (let i = 0; i < num_negative_pics; i++) {
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // delta_poc_s0_minus1[i]
-			bitstream.readBits(1); // used_by_curr_pic_s0_flag[i]
-		}
-		for (let i = 0; i < num_positive_pics; i++) {
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // delta_poc_s1_minus1[i]
-			bitstream.readBits(1); // used_by_curr_pic_s1_flag[i]
-		}
-		NumDeltaPocsThis = num_negative_pics + num_positive_pics;
-	}
-	return NumDeltaPocsThis;
-};
-
-const parseVuiForMinSpatialSegmentationIdc = (bitstream: Bitstream, sps_max_sub_layers_minus1: number) => {
-	if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // aspect_ratio_info_present_flag
-		const aspect_ratio_idc = bitstream.readBits(8);
-		if (aspect_ratio_idc === 255) {
-			bitstream.readBits(16); // sar_width
-			bitstream.readBits(16); // sar_height
-		}
-	}
-	if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // overscan_info_present_flag
-		bitstream.readBits(1); // overscan_appropriate_flag
-	}
-	if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // video_signal_type_present_flag
-		bitstream.readBits(3); // video_format
-		bitstream.readBits(1); // video_full_range_flag
-		if (bitstream.readBits(1)) {
-			bitstream.readBits(8); // colour_primaries
-			bitstream.readBits(8); // transfer_characteristics
-			bitstream.readBits(8); // matrix_coeffs
-		}
-	}
-	if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // chroma_loc_info_present_flag
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // chroma_sample_loc_type_top_field
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // chroma_sample_loc_type_bottom_field
-	}
-	bitstream.readBits(1); // neutral_chroma_indication_flag
-	bitstream.readBits(1); // field_seq_flag
-	bitstream.readBits(1); // frame_field_info_present_flag
-	if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // default_display_window_flag
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // def_disp_win_left_offset
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // def_disp_win_right_offset
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // def_disp_win_top_offset
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // def_disp_win_bottom_offset
-	}
-	if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // vui_timing_info_present_flag
-		bitstream.readBits(32); // vui_num_units_in_tick
-		bitstream.readBits(32); // vui_time_scale
-		if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // vui_poc_proportional_to_timing_flag
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // vui_num_ticks_poc_diff_one_minus1
-		}
-		if (bitstream.readBits(1)) {
-			skipHrdParameters(bitstream, true, sps_max_sub_layers_minus1);
-		}
-	}
-	if (bitstream.readBits(1)) { // bitstream_restriction_flag
-		bitstream.readBits(1); // tiles_fixed_structure_flag
-		bitstream.readBits(1); // motion_vectors_over_pic_boundaries_flag
-		bitstream.readBits(1); // restricted_ref_pic_lists_flag
-		const min_spatial_segmentation_idc = readExpGolomb(bitstream);
-		// skip the rest
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // max_bytes_per_pic_denom
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // max_bits_per_min_cu_denom
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // log2_max_mv_length_horizontal
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // log2_max_mv_length_vertical
-		return min_spatial_segmentation_idc;
-	}
-	return 0;
-};
-
-const skipHrdParameters = (
-	bitstream: Bitstream,
-	commonInfPresentFlag: boolean,
-	maxNumSubLayersMinus1: number,
-) => {
-	let nal_hrd_parameters_present_flag = false;
-	let vcl_hrd_parameters_present_flag = false;
-	let sub_pic_hrd_params_present_flag = false;
-
-	if (commonInfPresentFlag) {
-		nal_hrd_parameters_present_flag = bitstream.readBits(1) === 1;
-		vcl_hrd_parameters_present_flag = bitstream.readBits(1) === 1;
-		if (nal_hrd_parameters_present_flag || vcl_hrd_parameters_present_flag) {
-			sub_pic_hrd_params_present_flag = bitstream.readBits(1) === 1;
-			if (sub_pic_hrd_params_present_flag) {
-				bitstream.readBits(8); // tick_divisor_minus2
-				bitstream.readBits(5); // du_cpb_removal_delay_increment_length_minus1
-				bitstream.readBits(1); // sub_pic_cpb_params_in_pic_timing_sei_flag
-				bitstream.readBits(5); // dpb_output_delay_du_length_minus1
-			}
-			bitstream.readBits(4); // bit_rate_scale
-			bitstream.readBits(4); // cpb_size_scale
-			if (sub_pic_hrd_params_present_flag) {
-				bitstream.readBits(4); // cpb_size_du_scale
-			}
-			bitstream.readBits(5); // initial_cpb_removal_delay_length_minus1
-			bitstream.readBits(5); // au_cpb_removal_delay_length_minus1
-			bitstream.readBits(5); // dpb_output_delay_length_minus1
-		}
-	}
-
-	for (let i = 0; i <= maxNumSubLayersMinus1; i++) {
-		const fixed_pic_rate_general_flag = bitstream.readBits(1) === 1;
-		let fixed_pic_rate_within_cvs_flag = true; // Default assumption if general is true
-		if (!fixed_pic_rate_general_flag) {
-			fixed_pic_rate_within_cvs_flag = bitstream.readBits(1) === 1;
-		}
-
-		let low_delay_hrd_flag = false; // Default assumption
-		if (fixed_pic_rate_within_cvs_flag) {
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // elemental_duration_in_tc_minus1[i]
-		} else {
-			low_delay_hrd_flag = bitstream.readBits(1) === 1;
-		}
-
-		let CpbCnt = 1; // Default if low_delay is true
-		if (!low_delay_hrd_flag) {
-			const cpb_cnt_minus1 = readExpGolomb(bitstream); // cpb_cnt_minus1[i]
-			CpbCnt = cpb_cnt_minus1 + 1;
-		}
-
-		if (nal_hrd_parameters_present_flag) {
-			skipSubLayerHrdParameters(bitstream, CpbCnt, sub_pic_hrd_params_present_flag);
-		}
-		if (vcl_hrd_parameters_present_flag) {
-			skipSubLayerHrdParameters(bitstream, CpbCnt, sub_pic_hrd_params_present_flag);
-		}
-	}
-};
-
-const skipSubLayerHrdParameters = (
-	bitstream: Bitstream,
-	CpbCnt: number,
-	sub_pic_hrd_params_present_flag: boolean,
-) => {
-	for (let i = 0; i < CpbCnt; i++) {
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // bit_rate_value_minus1[i]
-		readExpGolomb(bitstream); // cpb_size_value_minus1[i]
-		if (sub_pic_hrd_params_present_flag) {
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // cpb_size_du_value_minus1[i]
-			readExpGolomb(bitstream); // bit_rate_du_value_minus1[i]
-		}
-		bitstream.readBits(1); // cbr_flag[i]
-	}
-};
-
-/** Serializes an HevcDecoderConfigurationRecord into the format specified in Section 8.3.3.1 of ISO 14496-15. */
-export const serializeHevcDecoderConfigurationRecord = (record: HevcDecoderConfigurationRecord) => {
-	const bytes: number[] = [];
-
-	bytes.push(record.configurationVersion);
-
-	bytes.push(
-		((record.generalProfileSpace & 0x3) << 6)
-		| ((record.generalTierFlag & 0x1) << 5)
-		| (record.generalProfileIdc & 0x1F),
-	);
-
-	bytes.push((record.generalProfileCompatibilityFlags >>> 24) & 0xFF);
-	bytes.push((record.generalProfileCompatibilityFlags >>> 16) & 0xFF);
-	bytes.push((record.generalProfileCompatibilityFlags >>> 8) & 0xFF);
-	bytes.push(record.generalProfileCompatibilityFlags & 0xFF);
-
-	bytes.push(...record.generalConstraintIndicatorFlags);
-
-	bytes.push(record.generalLevelIdc & 0xFF);
-
-	bytes.push(0xF0 | ((record.minSpatialSegmentationIdc >> 8) & 0x0F)); // Reserved + high nibble
-	bytes.push(record.minSpatialSegmentationIdc & 0xFF); // Low byte
-
-	bytes.push(0xFC | (record.parallelismType & 0x03));
-
-	bytes.push(0xFC | (record.chromaFormatIdc & 0x03));
-
-	bytes.push(0xF8 | (record.bitDepthLumaMinus8 & 0x07));
-
-	bytes.push(0xF8 | (record.bitDepthChromaMinus8 & 0x07));
-
-	bytes.push((record.avgFrameRate >> 8) & 0xFF); // High byte
-	bytes.push(record.avgFrameRate & 0xFF); // Low byte
-
-	bytes.push(
-		((record.constantFrameRate & 0x03) << 6)
-		| ((record.numTemporalLayers & 0x07) << 3)
-		| ((record.temporalIdNested & 0x01) << 2)
-		| (record.lengthSizeMinusOne & 0x03),
-	);
-
-	bytes.push(record.arrays.length & 0xFF);
-
-	for (const arr of record.arrays) {
-		bytes.push(
-			((arr.arrayCompleteness & 0x01) << 7)
-			| (0 << 6)
-			| (arr.nalUnitType & 0x3F),
-		);
-
-		bytes.push((arr.nalUnits.length >> 8) & 0xFF); // High byte
-		bytes.push(arr.nalUnits.length & 0xFF); // Low byte
-
-		for (const nal of arr.nalUnits) {
-			bytes.push((nal.length >> 8) & 0xFF); // High byte
-			bytes.push(nal.length & 0xFF); // Low byte
-
-			for (let i = 0; i < nal.length; i++) {
-				bytes.push(nal[i]!);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return new Uint8Array(bytes);
-};
-
-export type Vp9CodecInfo = {
-	profile: number;
-	level: number;
-	bitDepth: number;
-	chromaSubsampling: number;
-	videoFullRangeFlag: number;
-	colourPrimaries: number;
-	transferCharacteristics: number;
-	matrixCoefficients: number;
-};
-
-export const extractVp9CodecInfoFromPacket = (
-	packet: Uint8Array,
-): Vp9CodecInfo | null => {
-	// eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/max-len
-	// https://storage.googleapis.com/downloads.webmproject.org/docs/vp9/vp9-bitstream-specification-v0.7-20170222-draft.pdf
-	// http://downloads.webmproject.org/docs/vp9/vp9-bitstream_superframe-and-uncompressed-header_v1.0.pdf
-
-	const bitstream = new Bitstream(packet);
-
-	// Frame marker (0b10)
-	const frameMarker = bitstream.readBits(2);
-	if (frameMarker !== 2) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	// Profile
-	const profileLowBit = bitstream.readBits(1);
-	const profileHighBit = bitstream.readBits(1);
-	const profile = (profileHighBit << 1) + profileLowBit;
-
-	// Skip reserved bit for profile 3
-	if (profile === 3) {
-		bitstream.skipBits(1);
-	}
-
-	// show_existing_frame
-	const showExistingFrame = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-	if (showExistingFrame === 1) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	// frame_type (0 = key frame)
-	const frameType = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-	if (frameType !== 0) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	// Skip show_frame and error_resilient_mode
-	bitstream.skipBits(2);
-
-	// Sync code (0x498342)
-	const syncCode = bitstream.readBits(24);
-	if (syncCode !== 0x498342) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	// Color config
-	let bitDepth = 8;
-	if (profile >= 2) {
-		const tenOrTwelveBit = bitstream.readBits(1);
-		bitDepth = tenOrTwelveBit ? 12 : 10;
-	}
-
-	// Color space
-	const colorSpace = bitstream.readBits(3);
-
-	let chromaSubsampling = 0;
-	let videoFullRangeFlag = 0;
-
-	if (colorSpace !== 7) { // 7 is CS_RGB
-		const colorRange = bitstream.readBits(1);
-		videoFullRangeFlag = colorRange;
-
-		if (profile === 1 || profile === 3) {
-			const subsamplingX = bitstream.readBits(1);
-			const subsamplingY = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-			// 0 = 4:2:0 vertical
-			// 1 = 4:2:0 colocated
-			// 2 = 4:2:2
-			// 3 = 4:4:4
-			chromaSubsampling = !subsamplingX && !subsamplingY
-				? 3 // 0,0 = 4:4:4
-				: subsamplingX && !subsamplingY
-					? 2 // 1,0 = 4:2:2
-					: 1; // 1,1 = 4:2:0 colocated (default)
-
-			// Skip reserved bit
-			bitstream.skipBits(1);
-		} else {
-			// For profile 0 and 2, always 4:2:0
-			chromaSubsampling = 1; // Using colocated as default
-		}
-	} else {
-		// RGB is always 4:4:4
-		chromaSubsampling = 3;
-		videoFullRangeFlag = 1;
-	}
-
-	// Parse frame size
-	const widthMinusOne = bitstream.readBits(16);
-	const heightMinusOne = bitstream.readBits(16);
-
-	const width = widthMinusOne + 1;
-	const height = heightMinusOne + 1;
-
-	// Calculate level based on dimensions
-	const pictureSize = width * height;
-	let level = last(VP9_LEVEL_TABLE)!.level; // Default to highest level
-	for (const entry of VP9_LEVEL_TABLE) {
-		if (pictureSize <= entry.maxPictureSize) {
-			level = entry.level;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Map color_space to standard values
-	const matrixCoefficients = colorSpace === 7
-		? 0
-		: colorSpace === 2
-			? 1
-			: colorSpace === 1
-				? 6
-				: 2;
-
-	const colourPrimaries = colorSpace === 2
-		? 1
-		: colorSpace === 1
-			? 6
-			: 2;
-
-	const transferCharacteristics = colorSpace === 2
-		? 1
-		: colorSpace === 1
-			? 6
-			: 2;
-
-	return {
-		profile,
-		level,
-		bitDepth,
-		chromaSubsampling,
-		videoFullRangeFlag,
-		colourPrimaries,
-		transferCharacteristics,
-		matrixCoefficients,
-	};
-};
-
-export type Av1CodecInfo = {
-	profile: number;
-	level: number;
-	tier: number;
-	bitDepth: number;
-	monochrome: number;
-	chromaSubsamplingX: number;
-	chromaSubsamplingY: number;
-	chromaSamplePosition: number;
-};
-
-/** Iterates over all OBUs in an AV1 packet bistream. */
-export const iterateAv1PacketObus = function* (packet: Uint8Array) {
-	// https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-spec/av1-spec.pdf
-
-	const bitstream = new Bitstream(packet);
-
-	const readLeb128 = (): number | null => {
-		let value = 0;
-
-		for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-			const byte = bitstream.readAlignedByte();
-
-			value |= ((byte & 0x7f) << (i * 7));
-
-			if (!(byte & 0x80)) {
-				break;
-			}
-
-			// Spec requirement
-			if (i === 7 && (byte & 0x80)) {
-				return null;
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Spec requirement
-		if (value >= 2 ** 32 - 1) {
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		return value;
-	};
-
-	while (bitstream.getBitsLeft() >= 8) {
-		// Parse OBU header
-		bitstream.skipBits(1);
-		const obuType = bitstream.readBits(4);
-		const obuExtension = bitstream.readBits(1);
-		const obuHasSizeField = bitstream.readBits(1);
-		bitstream.skipBits(1);
-
-		// Skip extension header if present
-		if (obuExtension) {
-			bitstream.skipBits(8);
-		}
-
-		// Read OBU size if present
-		let obuSize: number;
-		if (obuHasSizeField) {
-			const obuSizeValue = readLeb128();
-			if (obuSizeValue === null) return; // It was invalid
-			obuSize = obuSizeValue;
-		} else {
-			// Calculate remaining bits and convert to bytes, rounding down
-			obuSize = Math.floor(bitstream.getBitsLeft() / 8);
-		}
-
-		assert(bitstream.pos % 8 === 0);
-
-		yield {
-			type: obuType,
-			data: packet.subarray(bitstream.pos / 8, bitstream.pos / 8 + obuSize),
-		};
-
-		// Move to next OBU
-		bitstream.skipBits(obuSize * 8);
-	}
-};
-
-/**
- * When AV1 codec information is not provided by the container, we can still try to extract the information by digging
- * into the AV1 bitstream.
- */
-export const extractAv1CodecInfoFromPacket = (
-	packet: Uint8Array,
-): Av1CodecInfo | null => {
-	// https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-spec/av1-spec.pdf
-
-	for (const { type, data } of iterateAv1PacketObus(packet)) {
-		if (type !== 1) {
-			continue; // 1 == OBU_SEQUENCE_HEADER
-		}
-
-		const bitstream = new Bitstream(data);
-
-		// Read sequence header fields
-		const seqProfile = bitstream.readBits(3);
-
-		// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
-		const stillPicture = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-		const reducedStillPictureHeader = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-		let seqLevel = 0;
-		let seqTier = 0;
-		let bufferDelayLengthMinus1 = 0;
-
-		if (reducedStillPictureHeader) {
-			seqLevel = bitstream.readBits(5);
-		} else {
-			// Parse timing_info_present_flag
-			const timingInfoPresentFlag = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-			if (timingInfoPresentFlag) {
-				// Skip timing info (num_units_in_display_tick, time_scale, equal_picture_interval)
-				bitstream.skipBits(32); // num_units_in_display_tick
-				bitstream.skipBits(32); // time_scale
-				const equalPictureInterval = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-				if (equalPictureInterval) {
-					// Skip num_ticks_per_picture_minus_1 (uvlc)
-					// Since this is variable length, we'd need to implement uvlc reading
-					// For now, we'll return null as this is rare
-					return null;
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Parse decoder_model_info_present_flag
-			const decoderModelInfoPresentFlag = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-			if (decoderModelInfoPresentFlag) {
-				// Store buffer_delay_length_minus_1 instead of just skipping
-				bufferDelayLengthMinus1 = bitstream.readBits(5);
-				bitstream.skipBits(32); // num_units_in_decoding_tick
-				bitstream.skipBits(5); // buffer_removal_time_length_minus_1
-				bitstream.skipBits(5); // frame_presentation_time_length_minus_1
-			}
-
-			// Parse operating_points_cnt_minus_1
-			const operatingPointsCntMinus1 = bitstream.readBits(5);
-
-			// For each operating point
-			for (let i = 0; i <= operatingPointsCntMinus1; i++) {
-				// operating_point_idc[i]
-				bitstream.skipBits(12);
-
-				// seq_level_idx[i]
-				const seqLevelIdx = bitstream.readBits(5);
-
-				if (i === 0) {
-					seqLevel = seqLevelIdx;
-				}
-
-				if (seqLevelIdx > 7) {
-					// seq_tier[i]
-					const seqTierTemp = bitstream.readBits(1);
-					if (i === 0) {
-						seqTier = seqTierTemp;
-					}
-				}
-
-				if (decoderModelInfoPresentFlag) {
-					// decoder_model_present_for_this_op[i]
-					const decoderModelPresentForThisOp = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-					if (decoderModelPresentForThisOp) {
-						const n = bufferDelayLengthMinus1 + 1;
-						bitstream.skipBits(n); // decoder_buffer_delay[op]
-						bitstream.skipBits(n); // encoder_buffer_delay[op]
-						bitstream.skipBits(1); // low_delay_mode_flag[op]
-					}
-				}
-
-				// initial_display_delay_present_flag
-				const initialDisplayDelayPresentFlag = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-				if (initialDisplayDelayPresentFlag) {
-					// initial_display_delay_minus_1[i]
-					bitstream.skipBits(4);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		const highBitdepth = bitstream.readBits(1);
-
-		let bitDepth = 8;
-		if (seqProfile === 2 && highBitdepth) {
-			const twelveBit = bitstream.readBits(1);
-			bitDepth = twelveBit ? 12 : 10;
-		} else if (seqProfile <= 2) {
-			bitDepth = highBitdepth ? 10 : 8;
-		}
-
-		let monochrome = 0;
-		if (seqProfile !== 1) {
-			monochrome = bitstream.readBits(1);
-		}
-
-		let chromaSubsamplingX = 1;
-		let chromaSubsamplingY = 1;
-		let chromaSamplePosition = 0;
-
-		if (!monochrome) {
-			if (seqProfile === 0) {
-				chromaSubsamplingX = 1;
-				chromaSubsamplingY = 1;
-			} else if (seqProfile === 1) {
-				chromaSubsamplingX = 0;
-				chromaSubsamplingY = 0;
-			} else {
-				if (bitDepth === 12) {
-					chromaSubsamplingX = bitstream.readBits(1);
-					if (chromaSubsamplingX) {
-						chromaSubsamplingY = bitstream.readBits(1);
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			if (chromaSubsamplingX && chromaSubsamplingY) {
-				chromaSamplePosition = bitstream.readBits(2);
-			}
-		}
-
-		return {
-			profile: seqProfile,
-			level: seqLevel,
-			tier: seqTier,
-			bitDepth,
-			monochrome,
-			chromaSubsamplingX,
-			chromaSubsamplingY,
-			chromaSamplePosition,
-		};
-	}
-
-	return null;
-};
-
-export const parseOpusIdentificationHeader = (bytes: Uint8Array) => {
-	const view = toDataView(bytes);
-
-	const outputChannelCount = view.getUint8(9);
-	const preSkip = view.getUint16(10, true);
-	const inputSampleRate = view.getUint32(12, true);
-	const outputGain = view.getInt16(16, true);
-	const channelMappingFamily = view.getUint8(18);
-
-	let channelMappingTable: Uint8Array | null = null;
-	if (channelMappingFamily) {
-		channelMappingTable = bytes.subarray(19, 19 + 2 + outputChannelCount);
-	}
-
-	return {
-		outputChannelCount,
-		preSkip,
-		inputSampleRate,
-		outputGain,
-		channelMappingFamily,
-		channelMappingTable,
-	};
-};
-
-// From https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6716, in 48 kHz samples
-const OPUS_FRAME_DURATION_TABLE = [
-	480, 960, 1920, 2880,
-	480, 960, 1920, 2880,
-	480, 960, 1920, 2880,
-	480, 960,
-	480, 960,
-	120, 240, 480, 960,
-	120, 240, 480, 960,
-	120, 240, 480, 960,
-	120, 240, 480, 960,
-];
-
-export const parseOpusTocByte = (packet: Uint8Array) => {
-	const config = packet[0]! >> 3;
-
-	return {
-		durationInSamples: OPUS_FRAME_DURATION_TABLE[config]!,
-	};
-};
-
-// Based on vorbis_parser.c from FFmpeg.
-export const parseModesFromVorbisSetupPacket = (setupHeader: Uint8Array) => {
-	// Verify that this is a Setup header.
-	if (setupHeader.length < 7) {
-		throw new Error('Setup header is too short.');
-	}
-	if (setupHeader[0] !== 5) {
-		throw new Error('Wrong packet type in Setup header.');
-	}
-	const signature = String.fromCharCode(...setupHeader.slice(1, 7));
-	if (signature !== 'vorbis') {
-		throw new Error('Invalid packet signature in Setup header.');
-	}
-
-	// Reverse the entire buffer.
-	const bufSize = setupHeader.length;
-	const revBuffer = new Uint8Array(bufSize);
-	for (let i = 0; i < bufSize; i++) {
-		revBuffer[i] = setupHeader[bufSize - 1 - i]!;
-	}
-
-	// Initialize a Bitstream on the reversed buffer.
-	const bitstream = new Bitstream(revBuffer);
-
-	// --- Find the framing bit.
-	// In FFmpeg code, we scan until get_bits1() returns 1.
-	let gotFramingBit = 0;
-	while (bitstream.getBitsLeft() > 97) {
-		if (bitstream.readBits(1) === 1) {
-			gotFramingBit = bitstream.pos;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	if (gotFramingBit === 0) {
-		throw new Error('Invalid Setup header: framing bit not found.');
-	}
-
-	// --- Search backwards for a valid mode header.
-	// We try to “guess” the number of modes by reading a fixed pattern.
-	let modeCount = 0;
-	let gotModeHeader = false;
-	let lastModeCount = 0;
-	while (bitstream.getBitsLeft() >= 97) {
-		const tempPos = bitstream.pos;
-		const a = bitstream.readBits(8);
-		const b = bitstream.readBits(16);
-		const c = bitstream.readBits(16);
-		// If a > 63 or b or c nonzero, assume we’ve gone too far.
-		if (a > 63 || b !== 0 || c !== 0) {
-			bitstream.pos = tempPos;
-			break;
-		}
-		bitstream.skipBits(1);
-		modeCount++;
-		if (modeCount > 64) {
-			break;
-		}
-		const bsClone = bitstream.clone();
-		const candidate = bsClone.readBits(6) + 1;
-		if (candidate === modeCount) {
-			gotModeHeader = true;
-			lastModeCount = modeCount;
-		}
-	}
-	if (!gotModeHeader) {
-		throw new Error('Invalid Setup header: mode header not found.');
-	}
-	if (lastModeCount > 63) {
-		throw new Error(`Unsupported mode count: ${lastModeCount}.`);
-	}
-	const finalModeCount = lastModeCount;
-
-	// --- Reinitialize the bitstream.
-	bitstream.pos = 0;
-	// Skip the bits up to the found framing bit.
-	bitstream.skipBits(gotFramingBit);
-
-	// --- Now read, for each mode (in reverse order), 40 bits then one bit.
-	// That one bit is the mode blockflag.
-	const modeBlockflags = Array(finalModeCount).fill(0) as	number[];
-	for (let i = finalModeCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-		bitstream.skipBits(40);
-		modeBlockflags[i] = bitstream.readBits(1);
-	}
-
-	return { modeBlockflags };
-};
-
-/** Determines a packet's type (key or delta) by digging into the packet bitstream. */
-export const determineVideoPacketType = (
-	codec: VideoCodec,
-	decoderConfig: VideoDecoderConfig,
-	packetData: Uint8Array,
-): PacketType | null => {
-	switch (codec) {
-		case 'avc': {
-			const nalUnits = extractAvcNalUnits(packetData, decoderConfig);
-			const isKeyframe = nalUnits.some(x => extractNalUnitTypeForAvc(x) === AvcNalUnitType.IDR);
-
-			return isKeyframe ? 'key' : 'delta';
-		};
-
-		case 'hevc': {
-			const nalUnits = extractHevcNalUnits(packetData, decoderConfig);
-			const isKeyframe = nalUnits.some((x) => {
-				const type = extractNalUnitTypeForHevc(x);
-				return HevcNalUnitType.BLA_W_LP <= type && type <= HevcNalUnitType.RSV_IRAP_VCL23;
-			});
-
-			return isKeyframe ? 'key' : 'delta';
-		};
-
-		case 'vp8': {
-			// VP8, once again, by far the easiest to deal with.
-			const frameType = packetData[0]! & 0b1;
-			return frameType === 0 ? 'key' : 'delta';
-		};
-
-		case 'vp9': {
-			const bitstream = new Bitstream(packetData);
-
-			if (bitstream.readBits(2) !== 2) {
-				return null;
-			};
-
-			const profileLowBit = bitstream.readBits(1);
-			const profileHighBit = bitstream.readBits(1);
-			const profile = (profileHighBit << 1) + profileLowBit;
-
-			// Skip reserved bit for profile 3
-			if (profile === 3) {
-				bitstream.skipBits(1);
-			}
-
-			const showExistingFrame = bitstream.readBits(1);
-			if (showExistingFrame) {
-				return null;
-			}
-
-			const frameType = bitstream.readBits(1);
-			return frameType === 0 ? 'key' : 'delta';
-		};
-
-		case 'av1': {
-			let reducedStillPictureHeader = false;
-
-			for (const { type, data } of iterateAv1PacketObus(packetData)) {
-				if (type === 1) { // OBU_SEQUENCE_HEADER
-					const bitstream = new Bitstream(data);
-
-					bitstream.skipBits(4);
-					reducedStillPictureHeader = !!bitstream.readBits(1);
-				} else if (
-					type === 3 // OBU_FRAME_HEADER
-					|| type === 6 // OBU_FRAME
-					|| type === 7 // OBU_REDUNDANT_FRAME_HEADER
-				) {
-					if (reducedStillPictureHeader) {
-						return 'key';
-					}
-
-					const bitstream = new Bitstream(data);
-					const showExistingFrame = bitstream.readBits(1);
-					if (showExistingFrame) {
-						return null;
-					}
-
-					const frameType = bitstream.readBits(2);
-					return frameType === 0 ? 'key' : 'delta';
-				}
-			}
-
-			return null;
-		};
-
-		default: {
-			assertNever(codec);
-			assert(false);
-		};
-	}
-};
-
-export enum FlacBlockType {
-	STREAMINFO = 0,
-	VORBIS_COMMENT = 4,
-	PICTURE = 6,
-}
-
-export const readVorbisComments = (bytes: Uint8Array, metadataTags: MetadataTags) => {
-	// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7845#section-5.2
-
-	const commentView = toDataView(bytes);
-	let commentPos = 0;
-
-	const vendorStringLength = commentView.getUint32(commentPos, true);
-	commentPos += 4;
-
-	const vendorString = textDecoder.decode(
-		bytes.subarray(commentPos, commentPos + vendorStringLength),
-	);
-	commentPos += vendorStringLength;
-
-	if (vendorStringLength > 0) {
-		// Expose the vendor string in the raw metadata
-		metadataTags.raw ??= {};
-		metadataTags.raw['vendor'] ??= vendorString;
-	}
-
-	const listLength = commentView.getUint32(commentPos, true);
-	commentPos += 4;
-
-	// Loop over all metadata tags
-	for (let i = 0; i < listLength; i++) {
-		const stringLength = commentView.getUint32(commentPos, true);
-		commentPos += 4;
-
-		const string = textDecoder.decode(
-			bytes.subarray(commentPos, commentPos + stringLength),
-		);
-		commentPos += stringLength;
-
-		const separatorIndex = string.indexOf('=');
-		if (separatorIndex === -1) {
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		const key = string.slice(0, separatorIndex).toUpperCase();
-		const value = string.slice(separatorIndex + 1);
-
-		metadataTags.raw ??= {};
-		metadataTags.raw[key] ??= value;
-
-		switch (key) {
-			case 'TITLE': {
-				metadataTags.title ??= value;
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'DESCRIPTION': {
-				metadataTags.description ??= value;
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'ARTIST': {
-				metadataTags.artist ??= value;
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'ALBUM': {
-				metadataTags.album ??= value;
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'ALBUMARTIST': {
-				metadataTags.albumArtist ??= value;
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'COMMENT': {
-				metadataTags.comment ??= value;
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'LYRICS': {
-				metadataTags.lyrics ??= value;
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'TRACKNUMBER': {
-				const parts = value.split('/');
-				const trackNum = Number.parseInt(parts[0]!, 10);
-				const tracksTotal = parts[1] && Number.parseInt(parts[1], 10);
-
-				if (Number.isInteger(trackNum) && trackNum > 0) {
-					metadataTags.trackNumber ??= trackNum;
-				}
-				if (tracksTotal && Number.isInteger(tracksTotal) && tracksTotal > 0) {
-					metadataTags.tracksTotal ??= tracksTotal;
-				}
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'TRACKTOTAL': {
-				const tracksTotal = Number.parseInt(value, 10);
-				if (Number.isInteger(tracksTotal) && tracksTotal > 0) {
-					metadataTags.tracksTotal ??= tracksTotal;
-				}
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'DISCNUMBER': {
-				const parts = value.split('/');
-				const discNum = Number.parseInt(parts[0]!, 10);
-				const discsTotal = parts[1] && Number.parseInt(parts[1], 10);
-
-				if (Number.isInteger(discNum) && discNum > 0) {
-					metadataTags.discNumber ??= discNum;
-				}
-				if (discsTotal && Number.isInteger(discsTotal) && discsTotal > 0) {
-					metadataTags.discsTotal ??= discsTotal;
-				}
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'DISCTOTAL': {
-				const discsTotal = Number.parseInt(value, 10);
-				if (Number.isInteger(discsTotal) && discsTotal > 0) {
-					metadataTags.discsTotal ??= discsTotal;
-				}
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'DATE': {
-				const date = new Date(value);
-				if (!Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) {
-					metadataTags.date ??= date;
-				}
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'GENRE': {
-				metadataTags.genre ??= value;
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'METADATA_BLOCK_PICTURE': {
-				// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc9639/ Section 8.8
-				const decoded = base64ToBytes(value);
-
-				const view = toDataView(decoded);
-				const pictureType = view.getUint32(0, false);
-				const mediaTypeLength = view.getUint32(4, false);
-				const mediaType = String.fromCharCode(...decoded.subarray(8, 8 + mediaTypeLength)); // ASCII
-				const descriptionLength = view.getUint32(8 + mediaTypeLength, false);
-				const description = textDecoder.decode(decoded.subarray(
-					12 + mediaTypeLength,
-					12 + mediaTypeLength + descriptionLength,
-				));
-				const dataLength = view.getUint32(mediaTypeLength + descriptionLength + 28);
-				const data = decoded.subarray(
-					mediaTypeLength + descriptionLength + 32,
-					mediaTypeLength + descriptionLength + 32 + dataLength,
-				);
-
-				metadataTags.images ??= [];
-				metadataTags.images.push({
-					data,
-					mimeType: mediaType,
-					kind: pictureType === 3 ? 'coverFront' : pictureType === 4 ? 'coverBack' : 'unknown',
-					name: undefined,
-					description: description || undefined,
-				});
-			}; break;
-		}
-	}
-};
-
-export const createVorbisComments = (headerBytes: Uint8Array, tags: MetadataTags, writeImages: boolean) => {
-	// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7845#section-5.2
-
-	const commentHeaderParts: Uint8Array[] = [
-		headerBytes,
-	];
-
-	const vendorString = 'Mediabunny';
-	const encodedVendorString = textEncoder.encode(vendorString);
-
-	let currentBuffer = new Uint8Array(4 + encodedVendorString.length);
-	let currentView = new DataView(currentBuffer.buffer);
-	currentView.setUint32(0, encodedVendorString.length, true);
-	currentBuffer.set(encodedVendorString, 4);
-
-	commentHeaderParts.push(currentBuffer);
-
-	const writtenTags = new Set<string>();
-	const addCommentTag = (key: string, value: string) => {
-		const joined = `${key}=${value}`;
-		const encoded = textEncoder.encode(joined);
-
-		currentBuffer = new Uint8Array(4 + encoded.length);
-		currentView = new DataView(currentBuffer.buffer);
-
-		currentView.setUint32(0, encoded.length, true);
-		currentBuffer.set(encoded, 4);
-
-		commentHeaderParts.push(currentBuffer);
-		writtenTags.add(key);
-	};
-
-	for (const { key, value } of keyValueIterator(tags)) {
-		switch (key) {
-			case 'title': {
-				addCommentTag('TITLE', value);
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'description': {
-				addCommentTag('DESCRIPTION', value);
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'artist': {
-				addCommentTag('ARTIST', value);
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'album': {
-				addCommentTag('ALBUM', value);
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'albumArtist': {
-				addCommentTag('ALBUMARTIST', value);
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'genre': {
-				addCommentTag('GENRE', value);
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'date': {
-				const rawVersion = tags.raw?.['DATE'] ?? tags.raw?.['date'];
-				if (rawVersion && typeof rawVersion === 'string') {
-					addCommentTag('DATE', rawVersion);
-				} else {
-					addCommentTag('DATE', value.toISOString().slice(0, 10));
-				}
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'comment': {
-				addCommentTag('COMMENT', value);
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'lyrics': {
-				addCommentTag('LYRICS', value);
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'trackNumber': {
-				addCommentTag('TRACKNUMBER', value.toString());
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'tracksTotal': {
-				addCommentTag('TRACKTOTAL', value.toString());
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'discNumber': {
-				addCommentTag('DISCNUMBER', value.toString());
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'discsTotal': {
-				addCommentTag('DISCTOTAL', value.toString());
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'images': {
-				// For example, in .flac, we put the pictures in a different section,
-				// not in the Vorbis comment header.
-				if (!writeImages) {
-					break;
-				}
-				for (const image of value) {
-					// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc9639/ Section 8.8
-					const pictureType = image.kind === 'coverFront' ? 3 : image.kind === 'coverBack' ? 4 : 0;
-					const encodedMediaType = new Uint8Array(image.mimeType.length);
-
-					for (let i = 0; i < image.mimeType.length; i++) {
-						encodedMediaType[i] = image.mimeType.charCodeAt(i);
-					}
-
-					const encodedDescription = textEncoder.encode(image.description ?? '');
-
-					const buffer = new Uint8Array(
-						4 // Picture type
-						+ 4 // MIME type length
-						+ encodedMediaType.length // MIME type
-						+ 4 // Description length
-						+ encodedDescription.length // Description
-						+ 16 // Width, height, color depth, number of colors
-						+ 4 // Picture data length
-						+ image.data.length, // Picture data
-					);
-					const view = toDataView(buffer);
-
-					view.setUint32(0, pictureType, false);
-					view.setUint32(4, encodedMediaType.length, false);
-					buffer.set(encodedMediaType, 8);
-					view.setUint32(8 + encodedMediaType.length, encodedDescription.length, false);
-					buffer.set(encodedDescription, 12 + encodedMediaType.length);
-					// Skip a bunch of fields (width, height, color depth, number of colors)
-					view.setUint32(
-						28 + encodedMediaType.length + encodedDescription.length, image.data.length, false,
-					);
-					buffer.set(
-						image.data,
-						32 + encodedMediaType.length + encodedDescription.length,
-					);
-
-					const encoded = bytesToBase64(buffer);
-					addCommentTag('METADATA_BLOCK_PICTURE', encoded);
-				}
-			}; break;
-
-			case 'raw': {
-				// Handled later
-			}; break;
-
-			default: assertNever(key);
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (tags.raw) {
-		for (const key in tags.raw) {
-			const value = tags.raw[key] ?? tags.raw[key.toLowerCase()];
-			if (key === 'vendor' || value == null || writtenTags.has(key)) {
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			if (typeof value === 'string') {
-				addCommentTag(key, value);
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	const listLengthBuffer = new Uint8Array(4);
-	toDataView(listLengthBuffer).setUint32(0, writtenTags.size, true);
-	commentHeaderParts.splice(2, 0, listLengthBuffer); // Insert after the header and vendor section
-
-	// Merge all comment header parts into a single buffer
-	const commentHeaderLength = commentHeaderParts.reduce((a, b) => a + b.length, 0);
-	const commentHeader = new Uint8Array(commentHeaderLength);
-
-	let pos = 0;
-	for (const part of commentHeaderParts) {
-		commentHeader.set(part, pos);
-		pos += part.length;
-	}
-
-	return commentHeader;
-};