npm - @k2works/claude-code-booster - Versions diffs - 4.11.0 → 4.13.0 - Mend

@k2works/claude-code-booster 4.11.0 → 4.13.0

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package/lib/assets/docs/article/practical-database-design/study/study3-3.md CHANGED Viewed

@@ -1,2253 +1,2253 @@
-# 研究 3：gRPC サービスの実装
-## はじめに
-本パートでは、API サーバー構成とは異なるアプローチとして、**gRPC** による財務会計システムを実装します。Protocol Buffers による高効率なバイナリシリアライゼーションと、HTTP/2 によるストリーミング通信を活用し、高性能なマイクロサービス間通信を実現します。
-ヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ（ドメイン層・アプリケーション層）はそのまま共有し、**Input Adapter として gRPC サービス層のみを追加**します。
----
-## 第 22 章：gRPC サーバーの基礎
-### 22.1 gRPC とは
-gRPC は Google が開発したオープンソースの高性能 RPC（Remote Procedure Call）フレームワークです。HTTP/2 プロトコルと Protocol Buffers を基盤とし、マイクロサービス間通信に最適化されています。
-```plantuml
-@startuml grpc_architecture
-!define RECTANGLE class
-skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
-package "gRPC Architecture (財務会計システム)" {
-  package "Client Side" {
-    RECTANGLE "gRPC Client\n(Generated Stub)" as client {
-      - 単項 RPC
-      - サーバーストリーミング
-      - クライアントストリーミング
-      - 双方向ストリーミング
-    }
-  }
-  package "Server Side" {
-    RECTANGLE "gRPC Server\n(grpc-spring-boot-starter)" as server {
-      - AccountService
-      - JournalService
-      - BalanceService
-      - ReportService
-    }
-  }
-  package "Shared" {
-    RECTANGLE "Protocol Buffers\n(.proto files)" as proto {
-      - account.proto
-      - journal.proto
-      - balance.proto
-      - common.proto
-    }
-  }
-}
-client --> proto : ".proto からスタブ生成"
-server --> proto : ".proto からスケルトン生成"
-client <--> server : "HTTP/2\n(Binary Protocol)"
-note bottom of proto
-  スキーマ駆動開発
-  言語中立なインターフェース定義
-  高効率なバイナリシリアライゼーション
-end note
-@enduml
-```
-**gRPC の主な特徴：**
-| 特徴 | 説明 |
-|------|------|
-| HTTP/2 | 多重化、ヘッダー圧縮、バイナリフレーミング |
-| Protocol Buffers | 高速なバイナリシリアライゼーション |
-| 多言語サポート | Java, Go, Python, C#, Node.js 等 |
-| ストリーミング | 4 つの RPC パターンをサポート |
-| デッドライン | タイムアウト管理の組み込みサポート |
-| 認証 | TLS/SSL、トークンベース認証のサポート |
-### 22.2 REST API / GraphQL との比較
-```plantuml
-@startuml api_comparison
-skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
-rectangle "REST API" as rest {
-  (HTTP/1.1 or 2)
-  (JSON/XML)
-  (OpenAPI)
-}
-rectangle "gRPC" as grpc {
-  (HTTP/2)
-  (Protocol Buffers)
-  (.proto)
-}
-rectangle "GraphQL" as graphql {
-  (HTTP/1.1 or 2)
-  (JSON)
-  (.graphqls)
-}
-note bottom of rest
-  汎用性が高い
-  ブラウザ直接アクセス可能
-  人間が読みやすい
-end note
-note bottom of grpc
-  高性能
-  マイクロサービス向け
-  型安全
-end note
-note bottom of graphql
-  柔軟なクエリ
-  フロントエンド向け
-  単一エンドポイント
-end note
-@enduml
-```
-**詳細比較表：**
-| 特徴 | REST API | gRPC | GraphQL |
-|------|----------|------|---------|
-| プロトコル | HTTP/1.1 | HTTP/2 | HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 |
-| データ形式 | JSON | Protocol Buffers | JSON |
-| スキーマ | OpenAPI (任意) | .proto (必須) | .graphqls (必須) |
-| シリアライゼーション | テキスト | バイナリ | テキスト |
-| パフォーマンス | 中 | 高 | 中 |
-| ストリーミング | WebSocket 別実装 | ネイティブサポート | Subscription |
-| ブラウザ対応 | ◎ | △ (gRPC-Web) | ◎ |
-| 学習コスト | 低 | 中 | 中 |
-| 主な用途 | 汎用 API | マイクロサービス | フロントエンド向け |
-**財務会計システムで gRPC を選択する場面：**
-1. **基幹システム間連携**: 販売管理・購買管理との高性能な内部通信
-2. **リアルタイム残高更新**: ストリーミングによる即時反映通知
-3. **一括仕訳処理**: クライアントストリーミングによる大量データ転送
-4. **月次締め処理**: 長時間処理の進捗通知
-### 22.3 4 つの RPC パターン
-gRPC は 4 つの RPC パターンをサポートします。
-```plantuml
-@startuml grpc_patterns
-skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
-rectangle "1. 単項 RPC (Unary)" as unary {
-  (Client) -right-> (Server) : "Request"
-  (Server) -left-> (Client) : "Response"
-}
-rectangle "2. サーバーストリーミング RPC" as server_stream {
-  (Client2) -right-> (Server2) : "Request"
-  (Server2) -left-> (Client2) : "Response 1"
-  (Server2) -left-> (Client2) : "Response 2"
-  (Server2) -left-> (Client2) : "Response N"
-}
-rectangle "3. クライアントストリーミング RPC" as client_stream {
-  (Client3) -right-> (Server3) : "Request 1"
-  (Client3) -right-> (Server3) : "Request 2"
-  (Client3) -right-> (Server3) : "Request N"
-  (Server3) -left-> (Client3) : "Response"
-}
-rectangle "4. 双方向ストリーミング RPC" as bidirectional {
-  (Client4) <-right-> (Server4) : "Request/Response Stream"
-}
-@enduml
-```
-**各パターンの用途（財務会計システム）：**
-| パターン | 用途例 |
-|----------|---------------------------|
-| 単項 RPC | 勘定科目取得、仕訳登録 |
-| サーバーストリーミング | 仕訳一覧取得、残高照会 |
-| クライアントストリーミング | 仕訳明細の一括登録 |
-| 双方向ストリーミング | リアルタイム残高同期 |
-### 22.4 gRPC におけるヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ
-gRPC を導入しても、ヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ（ドメイン層・アプリケーション層）はそのまま共有し、**Input Adapter として gRPC サービス層のみを追加**します。
-```plantuml
-@startuml hexagonal_grpc
-!define RECTANGLE class
-package "Hexagonal Architecture (gRPC版)" {
-  RECTANGLE "Application Core\n(Domain + Use Cases)" as core {
-    - Account (勘定科目)
-    - Journal (仕訳)
-    - DailyBalance (日次残高)
-    - MonthlyBalance (月次残高)
-    - AccountUseCase
-    - JournalUseCase
-    - BalanceUseCase
-  }
-  RECTANGLE "Input Adapters\n(Driving Side)" as input {
-    - REST Controller（既存）
-    - gRPC Service（新規追加）
-    - StreamObserver
-    - ServerInterceptor
-  }
-  RECTANGLE "Output Adapters\n(Driven Side)" as output {
-    - MyBatis Repository
-    - Database Access
-    - Entity Mapping
-  }
-}
-input --> core : "Input Ports\n(Use Cases)"
-core --> output : "Output Ports\n(Repository Interfaces)"
-note top of core
-  既存のビジネスロジック
-  REST API 版と完全に共有
-  gRPC 固有のコードは含まない
-end note
-note left of input
-  gRPC サービスを
-  Input Adapter として追加
-  既存の REST と共存可能
-end note
-note right of output
-  既存の Repository を
-  そのまま使用
-  変更不要
-end note
-@enduml
-```
-### 22.5 ディレクトリ構成
-既存の構成に `infrastructure/in/grpc/` を追加するだけです。
-```
-src/main/java/com/example/accounting/
-├── domain/                     # ドメイン層（API版と共通）
-│   ├── model/
-│   │   ├── account/           # 勘定科目ドメイン
-│   │   ├── journal/           # 仕訳ドメイン
-│   │   ├── balance/           # 残高ドメイン
-│   │   └── tax/               # 課税取引ドメイン
-│   └── exception/
-│
-├── application/               # アプリケーション層（API版と共通）
-│   ├── port/
-│   │   ├── in/               # Input Port（ユースケース）
-│   │   └── out/              # Output Port（リポジトリ）
-│   └── service/
-│
-├── infrastructure/
-│   ├── in/
-│   │   ├── api/              # Input Adapter（REST実装）- 既存
-│   │   └── grpc/             # Input Adapter（gRPC実装）- 新規追加
-│   │       ├── service/      # gRPC サービス実装
-│   │       ├── interceptor/  # インターセプター
-│   │       └── converter/    # ドメイン ↔ Proto 変換
-│   └── out/
-│       └── persistence/      # Output Adapter（DB実装）- 既存
-│           ├── mapper/
-│           └── repository/
-│
-├── config/
-│
-└── src/main/proto/           # Protocol Buffers 定義
-    ├── common.proto
-    ├── account.proto
-    ├── journal.proto
-    ├── balance.proto
-    └── report.proto
-```
-### 22.6 技術スタックの追加
-既存の `build.gradle.kts` に gRPC 関連の依存関係を追加します。
-<details>
-<summary>build.gradle.kts（差分）</summary>
-```kotlin
-import com.google.protobuf.gradle.*
-plugins {
-    // 既存のプラグイン
-    id("java")
-    id("org.springframework.boot") version "3.2.0"
-    id("io.spring.dependency-management") version "1.1.4"
-    // gRPC 関連を追加
-    id("com.google.protobuf") version "0.9.4"
-}
-dependencies {
-    // 既存の依存関係（Spring Boot, MyBatis, PostgreSQL等）はそのまま
-    // gRPC 関連を追加
-    implementation("net.devh:grpc-spring-boot-starter:3.1.0.RELEASE")
-    implementation("io.grpc:grpc-protobuf:1.62.2")
-    implementation("io.grpc:grpc-stub:1.62.2")
-    implementation("io.grpc:grpc-services:1.62.2")  // ヘルスチェック、リフレクション
-    // Protocol Buffers
-    implementation("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:3.25.3")
-    implementation("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util:3.25.3")  // JSON 変換
-    // Jakarta Annotation (gRPC generated code で必要)
-    compileOnly("jakarta.annotation:jakarta.annotation-api:2.1.1")
-    // Test
-    testImplementation("io.grpc:grpc-testing:1.62.2")
-    testImplementation("net.devh:grpc-client-spring-boot-starter:3.1.0.RELEASE")
-}
-protobuf {
-    protoc {
-        artifact = "com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.25.3"
-    }
-    plugins {
-        create("grpc") {
-            artifact = "io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:1.62.2"
-        }
-    }
-    generateProtoTasks {
-        all().forEach { task ->
-            task.plugins {
-                create("grpc")
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-// 生成コードのソースパス追加
-sourceSets {
-    main {
-        java {
-            srcDirs(
-                "build/generated/source/proto/main/java",
-                "build/generated/source/proto/main/grpc"
-            )
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
-<details>
-<summary>application.yml（差分）</summary>
-```yaml
-# 既存の設定はそのまま
-# gRPC サーバー設定
-grpc:
-  server:
-    port: 9090
-    reflection-service-enabled: true  # gRPC リフレクション有効化
-    health-service-enabled: true      # ヘルスチェック有効化
-    max-inbound-message-size: 4194304  # 4MB
-    max-inbound-metadata-size: 8192    # 8KB
-# ログ設定
-logging:
-  level:
-    net.devh.boot.grpc: DEBUG
-    io.grpc: INFO
-```
-</details>
----
-## 第 23 章：Protocol Buffers 定義
-### 23.1 共通メッセージ定義
-<details>
-<summary>src/main/proto/common.proto</summary>
-```protobuf
-syntax = "proto3";
-package com.example.accounting;
-option java_package = "com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto";
-option java_outer_classname = "CommonProto";
-option java_multiple_files = true;
-import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
-import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
-// 共通のページネーション
-message PageRequest {
-    int32 page = 1;
-    int32 size = 2;
-}
-message PageInfo {
-    int32 page = 1;
-    int32 size = 2;
-    int32 total_elements = 3;
-    int32 total_pages = 4;
-    bool has_next = 5;
-    bool has_previous = 6;
-}
-// 共通のエラー応答
-message ErrorDetail {
-    string field = 1;
-    string message = 2;
-}
-message ErrorResponse {
-    string code = 1;
-    string message = 2;
-    repeated ErrorDetail details = 3;
-}
-// 金額型（Decimal 相当）
-message Money {
-    int64 units = 1;      // 整数部
-    int32 nanos = 2;      // 小数部（10億分の1単位）
-    string currency = 3;  // 通貨コード（JPY等）
-}
-// 日付型（Date 相当）
-message Date {
-    int32 year = 1;
-    int32 month = 2;
-    int32 day = 3;
-}
-// 年月型
-message YearMonth {
-    int32 year = 1;
-    int32 month = 2;
-}
-// 決算期
-message FiscalPeriod {
-    int32 fiscal_year = 1;    // 決算年度
-    int32 fiscal_month = 2;   // 決算月度（1-12）
-}
-// 監査情報
-message AuditInfo {
-    google.protobuf.Timestamp created_at = 1;
-    string created_by = 2;
-    google.protobuf.Timestamp updated_at = 3;
-    string updated_by = 4;
-}
-```
-</details>
-### 23.2 勘定科目 Protocol Buffers
-<details>
-<summary>src/main/proto/account.proto</summary>
-```protobuf
-syntax = "proto3";
-package com.example.accounting;
-option java_package = "com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto";
-option java_outer_classname = "AccountProto";
-option java_multiple_files = true;
-import "common.proto";
-import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
-// BSPL区分
-enum BsplType {
-    BSPL_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
-    BSPL_TYPE_BS = 1;            // 貸借対照表
-    BSPL_TYPE_PL = 2;            // 損益計算書
-}
-// 貸借区分
-enum DebitCreditType {
-    DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
-    DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_DEBIT = 1;     // 借方
-    DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_CREDIT = 2;    // 貸方
-}
-// 取引要素区分
-enum ElementType {
-    ELEMENT_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
-    ELEMENT_TYPE_ASSET = 1;          // 資産
-    ELEMENT_TYPE_LIABILITY = 2;      // 負債
-    ELEMENT_TYPE_EQUITY = 3;         // 資本
-    ELEMENT_TYPE_REVENUE = 4;        // 収益
-    ELEMENT_TYPE_EXPENSE = 5;        // 費用
-}
-// 集計区分
-enum AggregationType {
-    AGGREGATION_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
-    AGGREGATION_TYPE_HEADING = 1;    // 見出科目
-    AGGREGATION_TYPE_SUMMARY = 2;    // 集計科目
-    AGGREGATION_TYPE_POSTING = 3;    // 計上科目
-}
-// 勘定科目メッセージ
-message Account {
-    string account_code = 1;             // 勘定科目コード
-    string account_name = 2;             // 勘定科目名
-    BsplType bspl_type = 3;              // BSPL区分
-    DebitCreditType debit_credit_type = 4;  // 貸借区分
-    ElementType element_type = 5;        // 取引要素区分
-    AggregationType aggregation_type = 6;   // 集計区分
-    string parent_account_code = 7;      // 親勘定科目コード
-    string account_path = 8;             // 勘定科目パス
-    int32 display_order = 9;             // 表示順
-    bool is_active = 10;                 // 有効フラグ
-    AuditInfo audit = 11;                // 監査情報
-}
-// 勘定科目構成メッセージ
-message AccountStructure {
-    string account_code = 1;             // 勘定科目コード
-    string account_path = 2;             // 勘定科目パス（~区切り）
-    int32 level = 3;                     // 階層レベル
-}
-// 課税取引マスタ
-message TaxTransaction {
-    string tax_code = 1;                 // 課税取引コード
-    string tax_name = 2;                 // 課税取引名
-    int32 tax_rate = 3;                  // 税率（パーセント * 100）
-    Date effective_from = 4;             // 適用開始日
-    Date effective_to = 5;               // 適用終了日
-    bool is_active = 6;                  // 有効フラグ
-}
-// === リクエスト/レスポンス ===
-// 勘定科目取得
-message GetAccountRequest {
-    string account_code = 1;
-}
-message GetAccountResponse {
-    Account account = 1;
-}
-// 勘定科目一覧取得
-message ListAccountsRequest {
-    PageRequest page = 1;
-    BsplType bspl_type = 2;              // フィルタ（オプション）
-    ElementType element_type = 3;        // フィルタ（オプション）
-    AggregationType aggregation_type = 4; // フィルタ（オプション）
-    string keyword = 5;                  // 検索キーワード
-    bool active_only = 6;                // 有効のみ
-}
-message ListAccountsResponse {
-    repeated Account accounts = 1;
-    PageInfo page_info = 2;
-}
-// 勘定科目登録
-message CreateAccountRequest {
-    string account_code = 1;
-    string account_name = 2;
-    BsplType bspl_type = 3;
-    DebitCreditType debit_credit_type = 4;
-    ElementType element_type = 5;
-    AggregationType aggregation_type = 6;
-    string parent_account_code = 7;
-    int32 display_order = 8;
-}
-message CreateAccountResponse {
-    Account account = 1;
-}
-// 勘定科目更新
-message UpdateAccountRequest {
-    string account_code = 1;
-    string account_name = 2;
-    BsplType bspl_type = 3;
-    DebitCreditType debit_credit_type = 4;
-    ElementType element_type = 5;
-    AggregationType aggregation_type = 6;
-    string parent_account_code = 7;
-    int32 display_order = 8;
-    bool is_active = 9;
-}
-message UpdateAccountResponse {
-    Account account = 1;
-}
-// 勘定科目削除
-message DeleteAccountRequest {
-    string account_code = 1;
-}
-message DeleteAccountResponse {
-    bool success = 1;
-}
-// 勘定科目一括登録（クライアントストリーミング）
-message BulkCreateAccountRequest {
-    CreateAccountRequest account = 1;
-}
-message BulkCreateAccountResponse {
-    int32 success_count = 1;
-    int32 failure_count = 2;
-    repeated ErrorDetail errors = 3;
-}
-// 勘定科目ツリー取得
-message GetAccountTreeRequest {
-    BsplType bspl_type = 1;  // BS または PL
-}
-message GetAccountTreeResponse {
-    repeated AccountNode nodes = 1;
-}
-message AccountNode {
-    Account account = 1;
-    repeated AccountNode children = 2;
-}
-// 課税取引マスタ取得
-message GetTaxTransactionRequest {
-    string tax_code = 1;
-}
-message GetTaxTransactionResponse {
-    TaxTransaction tax_transaction = 1;
-}
-// 課税取引マスタ一覧
-message ListTaxTransactionsRequest {
-    Date as_of_date = 1;     // 適用日（オプション）
-    bool active_only = 2;
-}
-message ListTaxTransactionsResponse {
-    repeated TaxTransaction tax_transactions = 1;
-}
-// === サービス定義 ===
-service AccountService {
-    // 単項 RPC
-    rpc GetAccount(GetAccountRequest) returns (GetAccountResponse);
-    rpc CreateAccount(CreateAccountRequest) returns (CreateAccountResponse);
-    rpc UpdateAccount(UpdateAccountRequest) returns (UpdateAccountResponse);
-    rpc DeleteAccount(DeleteAccountRequest) returns (DeleteAccountResponse);
-    // サーバーストリーミング RPC（大量データ取得）
-    rpc ListAccounts(ListAccountsRequest) returns (stream Account);
-    // クライアントストリーミング RPC（一括登録）
-    rpc BulkCreateAccounts(stream BulkCreateAccountRequest) returns (BulkCreateAccountResponse);
-    // 勘定科目構成
-    rpc GetAccountTree(GetAccountTreeRequest) returns (GetAccountTreeResponse);
-    // 課税取引マスタ
-    rpc GetTaxTransaction(GetTaxTransactionRequest) returns (GetTaxTransactionResponse);
-    rpc ListTaxTransactions(ListTaxTransactionsRequest) returns (ListTaxTransactionsResponse);
-}
-```
-</details>
-### 23.3 仕訳 Protocol Buffers
-<details>
-<summary>src/main/proto/journal.proto</summary>
-```protobuf
-syntax = "proto3";
-package com.example.accounting;
-option java_package = "com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto";
-option java_outer_classname = "JournalProto";
-option java_multiple_files = true;
-import "common.proto";
-import "account.proto";
-import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
-// 仕訳伝票区分
-enum JournalType {
-    JOURNAL_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
-    JOURNAL_TYPE_NORMAL = 1;         // 通常仕訳
-    JOURNAL_TYPE_CLOSING = 2;        // 決算仕訳
-    JOURNAL_TYPE_ADJUSTMENT = 3;     // 調整仕訳
-    JOURNAL_TYPE_REVERSAL = 4;       // 取消仕訳
-}
-// 仕訳ステータス
-enum JournalStatus {
-    JOURNAL_STATUS_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
-    JOURNAL_STATUS_DRAFT = 1;        // 下書き
-    JOURNAL_STATUS_PENDING = 2;      // 承認待ち
-    JOURNAL_STATUS_APPROVED = 3;     // 承認済み
-    JOURNAL_STATUS_POSTED = 4;       // 転記済み
-    JOURNAL_STATUS_CANCELED = 5;     // 取消済み
-}
-// 仕訳伝票メッセージ
-message Journal {
-    string slip_number = 1;              // 伝票番号
-    Date journal_date = 2;               // 起票日
-    Date input_date = 3;                 // 入力日
-    string summary = 4;                  // 伝票摘要
-    JournalType journal_type = 5;        // 仕訳伝票区分
-    JournalStatus status = 6;            // ステータス
-    bool is_closing_journal = 7;         // 決算仕訳フラグ
-    FiscalPeriod fiscal_period = 8;      // 決算期
-    Money total_debit = 9;               // 借方合計
-    Money total_credit = 10;             // 貸方合計
-    repeated JournalDetail details = 11; // 仕訳明細
-    string reversal_slip_number = 12;    // 取消元伝票番号
-    AuditInfo audit = 13;                // 監査情報
-}
-// 仕訳明細メッセージ
-message JournalDetail {
-    int32 line_number = 1;               // 行番号
-    string line_summary = 2;             // 行摘要
-    repeated JournalDebitCreditDetail debit_credit_details = 3; // 貸借明細
-}
-// 仕訳貸借明細メッセージ
-message JournalDebitCreditDetail {
-    DebitCreditType debit_credit_type = 1;  // 借方/貸方
-    string account_code = 2;             // 勘定科目コード
-    string account_name = 3;             // 勘定科目名（参照用）
-    string sub_account_code = 4;         // 補助科目コード
-    string department_code = 5;          // 部門コード
-    string project_code = 6;             // プロジェクトコード
-    Money amount = 7;                    // 金額
-    Money base_currency_amount = 8;      // 基軸通貨金額
-    string tax_code = 9;                 // 課税取引コード
-    int32 tax_rate = 10;                 // 税率
-    Money tax_amount = 11;               // 消費税額
-}
-// === リクエスト/レスポンス ===
-// 仕訳取得
-message GetJournalRequest {
-    string slip_number = 1;
-}
-message GetJournalResponse {
-    Journal journal = 1;
-}
-// 仕訳一覧取得
-message ListJournalsRequest {
-    PageRequest page = 1;
-    Date date_from = 2;                  // 起票日From
-    Date date_to = 3;                    // 起票日To
-    FiscalPeriod fiscal_period = 4;      // 決算期
-    JournalType journal_type = 5;        // 仕訳伝票区分
-    JournalStatus status = 6;            // ステータス
-    string account_code = 7;             // 勘定科目コード
-    string keyword = 8;                  // 検索キーワード
-}
-message ListJournalsResponse {
-    repeated Journal journals = 1;
-    PageInfo page_info = 2;
-}
-// 仕訳登録
-message CreateJournalRequest {
-    Date journal_date = 1;
-    string summary = 2;
-    JournalType journal_type = 3;
-    bool is_closing_journal = 4;
-    repeated CreateJournalDetailRequest details = 5;
-}
-message CreateJournalDetailRequest {
-    int32 line_number = 1;
-    string line_summary = 2;
-    repeated CreateJournalDebitCreditRequest debit_credit_details = 3;
-}
-message CreateJournalDebitCreditRequest {
-    DebitCreditType debit_credit_type = 1;
-    string account_code = 2;
-    string sub_account_code = 3;
-    string department_code = 4;
-    string project_code = 5;
-    Money amount = 6;
-    string tax_code = 7;
-}
-message CreateJournalResponse {
-    Journal journal = 1;
-}
-// 仕訳更新
-message UpdateJournalRequest {
-    string slip_number = 1;
-    Date journal_date = 2;
-    string summary = 3;
-    JournalType journal_type = 4;
-    bool is_closing_journal = 5;
-    repeated CreateJournalDetailRequest details = 6;
-}
-message UpdateJournalResponse {
-    Journal journal = 1;
-}
-// 仕訳取消（赤黒処理）
-message CancelJournalRequest {
-    string slip_number = 1;
-    string cancel_reason = 2;
-}
-message CancelJournalResponse {
-    Journal original_journal = 1;        // 元の仕訳
-    Journal reversal_journal = 2;        // 取消仕訳
-}
-// 仕訳承認
-message ApproveJournalRequest {
-    string slip_number = 1;
-    string approver_comment = 2;
-}
-message ApproveJournalResponse {
-    Journal journal = 1;
-}
-// 仕訳一括登録（クライアントストリーミング）
-message BulkCreateJournalRequest {
-    CreateJournalRequest journal = 1;
-}
-message BulkCreateJournalResponse {
-    int32 success_count = 1;
-    int32 failure_count = 2;
-    repeated ErrorDetail errors = 3;
-    repeated string created_slip_numbers = 4;
-}
-// 貸借バランスチェック
-message ValidateBalanceRequest {
-    repeated CreateJournalDetailRequest details = 1;
-}
-message ValidateBalanceResponse {
-    bool is_balanced = 1;
-    Money total_debit = 2;
-    Money total_credit = 3;
-    Money difference = 4;
-}
-// === サービス定義 ===
-service JournalService {
-    // 単項 RPC
-    rpc GetJournal(GetJournalRequest) returns (GetJournalResponse);
-    rpc CreateJournal(CreateJournalRequest) returns (CreateJournalResponse);
-    rpc UpdateJournal(UpdateJournalRequest) returns (UpdateJournalResponse);
-    rpc CancelJournal(CancelJournalRequest) returns (CancelJournalResponse);
-    rpc ApproveJournal(ApproveJournalRequest) returns (ApproveJournalResponse);
-    rpc ValidateBalance(ValidateBalanceRequest) returns (ValidateBalanceResponse);
-    // サーバーストリーミング RPC
-    rpc ListJournals(ListJournalsRequest) returns (stream Journal);
-    // クライアントストリーミング RPC
-    rpc BulkCreateJournals(stream BulkCreateJournalRequest) returns (BulkCreateJournalResponse);
-    // 双方向ストリーミング RPC（リアルタイム仕訳入力）
-    rpc StreamJournalEntry(stream CreateJournalRequest) returns (stream CreateJournalResponse);
-}
-```
-</details>
-### 23.4 残高 Protocol Buffers
-<details>
-<summary>src/main/proto/balance.proto</summary>
-```protobuf
-syntax = "proto3";
-package com.example.accounting;
-option java_package = "com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto";
-option java_outer_classname = "BalanceProto";
-option java_multiple_files = true;
-import "common.proto";
-import "account.proto";
-// 日次勘定科目残高
-message DailyBalance {
-    Date balance_date = 1;               // 残高日
-    string account_code = 2;             // 勘定科目コード
-    string account_name = 3;             // 勘定科目名
-    string sub_account_code = 4;         // 補助科目コード
-    string department_code = 5;          // 部門コード
-    Money previous_balance = 6;          // 前日残高
-    Money debit_amount = 7;              // 借方金額
-    Money credit_amount = 8;             // 貸方金額
-    Money current_balance = 9;           // 当日残高
-}
-// 月次勘定科目残高
-message MonthlyBalance {
-    FiscalPeriod fiscal_period = 1;      // 決算期
-    string account_code = 2;             // 勘定科目コード
-    string account_name = 3;             // 勘定科目名
-    string sub_account_code = 4;         // 補助科目コード
-    string department_code = 5;          // 部門コード
-    Money opening_balance = 6;           // 月初残高
-    Money debit_amount = 7;              // 借方金額
-    Money credit_amount = 8;             // 貸方金額
-    Money closing_balance = 9;           // 月末残高
-    Money closing_debit_balance = 10;    // 決算借方金額
-    Money closing_credit_balance = 11;   // 決算貸方金額
-}
-// 残高サマリー
-message BalanceSummary {
-    string account_code = 1;
-    string account_name = 2;
-    BsplType bspl_type = 3;
-    ElementType element_type = 4;
-    Money balance = 5;
-    int32 level = 6;
-    bool is_leaf = 7;
-}
-// === リクエスト/レスポンス ===
-// 日次残高取得
-message GetDailyBalanceRequest {
-    Date balance_date = 1;
-    string account_code = 2;
-    string sub_account_code = 3;
-    string department_code = 4;
-}
-message GetDailyBalanceResponse {
-    DailyBalance balance = 1;
-}
-// 日次残高一覧取得
-message ListDailyBalancesRequest {
-    Date balance_date = 1;
-    BsplType bspl_type = 2;
-    ElementType element_type = 3;
-    string department_code = 4;
-    bool posting_accounts_only = 5;      // 計上科目のみ
-}
-message ListDailyBalancesResponse {
-    repeated DailyBalance balances = 1;
-    Money total_debit = 2;
-    Money total_credit = 3;
-}
-// 月次残高取得
-message GetMonthlyBalanceRequest {
-    FiscalPeriod fiscal_period = 1;
-    string account_code = 2;
-    string sub_account_code = 3;
-    string department_code = 4;
-}
-message GetMonthlyBalanceResponse {
-    MonthlyBalance balance = 1;
-}
-// 月次残高一覧取得
-message ListMonthlyBalancesRequest {
-    FiscalPeriod fiscal_period = 1;
-    BsplType bspl_type = 2;
-    ElementType element_type = 3;
-    string department_code = 4;
-    bool include_closing = 5;            // 決算仕訳含む
-}
-message ListMonthlyBalancesResponse {
-    repeated MonthlyBalance balances = 1;
-    Money total_debit = 2;
-    Money total_credit = 3;
-}
-// 勘定科目別残高照会
-message GetAccountBalanceRequest {
-    string account_code = 1;
-    Date date_from = 2;
-    Date date_to = 3;
-    string sub_account_code = 4;
-    string department_code = 5;
-}
-message GetAccountBalanceResponse {
-    string account_code = 1;
-    string account_name = 2;
-    Money opening_balance = 3;           // 期首残高
-    Money total_debit = 4;               // 期間借方合計
-    Money total_credit = 5;              // 期間貸方合計
-    Money closing_balance = 6;           // 期末残高
-    repeated DailyBalance daily_movements = 7;  // 日別推移
-}
-// 残高サマリー取得（試算表用）
-message GetBalanceSummaryRequest {
-    Date as_of_date = 1;
-    BsplType bspl_type = 2;
-    bool include_sub_accounts = 3;
-}
-message GetBalanceSummaryResponse {
-    repeated BalanceSummary summaries = 1;
-    Money bs_total_debit = 2;            // BS借方合計
-    Money bs_total_credit = 3;           // BS貸方合計
-    Money pl_total_debit = 4;            // PL借方合計
-    Money pl_total_credit = 5;           // PL貸方合計
-}
-// 残高更新（仕訳転記時）
-message UpdateBalanceRequest {
-    string slip_number = 1;
-}
-message UpdateBalanceResponse {
-    bool success = 1;
-    int32 updated_daily_records = 2;
-    int32 updated_monthly_records = 3;
-}
-// === サービス定義 ===
-service BalanceService {
-    // 単項 RPC
-    rpc GetDailyBalance(GetDailyBalanceRequest) returns (GetDailyBalanceResponse);
-    rpc GetMonthlyBalance(GetMonthlyBalanceRequest) returns (GetMonthlyBalanceResponse);
-    rpc GetAccountBalance(GetAccountBalanceRequest) returns (GetAccountBalanceResponse);
-    rpc GetBalanceSummary(GetBalanceSummaryRequest) returns (GetBalanceSummaryResponse);
-    rpc UpdateBalance(UpdateBalanceRequest) returns (UpdateBalanceResponse);
-    // サーバーストリーミング RPC
-    rpc ListDailyBalances(ListDailyBalancesRequest) returns (stream DailyBalance);
-    rpc ListMonthlyBalances(ListMonthlyBalancesRequest) returns (stream MonthlyBalance);
-    // 双方向ストリーミング（リアルタイム残高監視）
-    rpc WatchBalance(stream GetAccountBalanceRequest) returns (stream GetAccountBalanceResponse);
-}
-```
-</details>
----
-## 第 24 章：gRPC サービス実装
-### 24.1 勘定科目サービス実装
-<details>
-<summary>GrpcAccountService.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.service;
-import com.example.accounting.application.port.in.AccountUseCase;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.Account;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AccountCode;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;
-import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.converter.AccountConverter;
-import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.*;
-import io.grpc.Status;
-import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
-import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
-/**
- * 勘定科目 gRPC サービス実装
- */
-@GrpcService
-public class GrpcAccountService extends AccountServiceGrpc.AccountServiceImplBase {
-    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GrpcAccountService.class);
-    private final AccountUseCase accountUseCase;
-    private final AccountConverter converter;
-    public GrpcAccountService(AccountUseCase accountUseCase, AccountConverter converter) {
-        this.accountUseCase = accountUseCase;
-        this.converter = converter;
-    }
-    /**
-     * 単項 RPC: 勘定科目取得
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void getAccount(GetAccountRequest request,
-                           StreamObserver<GetAccountResponse> responseObserver) {
-        log.info("getAccount: {}", request.getAccountCode());
-        try {
-            AccountCode code = new AccountCode(request.getAccountCode());
-            Account account = accountUseCase.findByCode(code)
-                .orElseThrow(() -> new ResourceNotFoundException(
-                    "勘定科目", request.getAccountCode()));
-            GetAccountResponse response = GetAccountResponse.newBuilder()
-                .setAccount(converter.toProto(account))
-                .build();
-            responseObserver.onNext(response);
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (ResourceNotFoundException e) {
-            log.warn("Account not found: {}", request.getAccountCode());
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.NOT_FOUND
-                    .withDescription("勘定科目が見つかりません: " + request.getAccountCode())
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.error("Error getting account", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
-                    .withCause(e)
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * 単項 RPC: 勘定科目登録
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void createAccount(CreateAccountRequest request,
-                              StreamObserver<CreateAccountResponse> responseObserver) {
-        log.info("createAccount: {}", request.getAccountCode());
-        try {
-            Account account = converter.toDomain(request);
-            Account created = accountUseCase.create(account);
-            CreateAccountResponse response = CreateAccountResponse.newBuilder()
-                .setAccount(converter.toProto(created))
-                .build();
-            responseObserver.onNext(response);
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            log.warn("Invalid request: {}", e.getMessage());
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT
-                    .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.error("Error creating account", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * サーバーストリーミング RPC: 勘定科目一覧取得
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void listAccounts(ListAccountsRequest request,
-                             StreamObserver<com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.Account> responseObserver) {
-        log.info("listAccounts: bsplType={}, keyword={}",
-                 request.getBsplType(), request.getKeyword());
-        try {
-            List<Account> accounts = accountUseCase.findAll(
-                converter.toCriteria(request)
-            );
-            // ストリーミングで勘定科目を1件ずつ送信
-            for (Account account : accounts) {
-                responseObserver.onNext(converter.toProto(account));
-            }
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-            log.info("listAccounts completed: {} items", accounts.size());
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.error("Error listing accounts", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * クライアントストリーミング RPC: 勘定科目一括登録
-     */
-    @Override
-    public StreamObserver<BulkCreateAccountRequest> bulkCreateAccounts(
-            StreamObserver<BulkCreateAccountResponse> responseObserver) {
-        log.info("bulkCreateAccounts: started");
-        AtomicInteger successCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
-        AtomicInteger failureCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
-        List<ErrorDetail> errors = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
-        return new StreamObserver<BulkCreateAccountRequest>() {
-            @Override
-            public void onNext(BulkCreateAccountRequest request) {
-                try {
-                    CreateAccountRequest accountRequest = request.getAccount();
-                    Account account = converter.toDomain(accountRequest);
-                    accountUseCase.create(account);
-                    successCount.incrementAndGet();
-                    log.debug("Created account: {}", accountRequest.getAccountCode());
-                } catch (Exception e) {
-                    failureCount.incrementAndGet();
-                    errors.add(ErrorDetail.newBuilder()
-                        .setField(request.getAccount().getAccountCode())
-                        .setMessage(e.getMessage())
-                        .build());
-                    log.warn("Failed to create account: {}",
-                             request.getAccount().getAccountCode(), e);
-                }
-            }
-            @Override
-            public void onError(Throwable t) {
-                log.error("bulkCreateAccounts error", t);
-            }
-            @Override
-            public void onCompleted() {
-                BulkCreateAccountResponse response = BulkCreateAccountResponse.newBuilder()
-                    .setSuccessCount(successCount.get())
-                    .setFailureCount(failureCount.get())
-                    .addAllErrors(errors)
-                    .build();
-                responseObserver.onNext(response);
-                responseObserver.onCompleted();
-                log.info("bulkCreateAccounts completed: success={}, failure={}",
-                         successCount.get(), failureCount.get());
-            }
-        };
-    }
-    /**
-     * 勘定科目ツリー取得
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void getAccountTree(GetAccountTreeRequest request,
-                               StreamObserver<GetAccountTreeResponse> responseObserver) {
-        log.info("getAccountTree: bsplType={}", request.getBsplType());
-        try {
-            var tree = accountUseCase.getAccountTree(
-                converter.toDomainBsplType(request.getBsplType())
-            );
-            GetAccountTreeResponse response = GetAccountTreeResponse.newBuilder()
-                .addAllNodes(converter.toProtoTree(tree))
-                .build();
-            responseObserver.onNext(response);
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.error("Error getting account tree", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
-### 24.2 仕訳サービス実装
-<details>
-<summary>GrpcJournalService.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.service;
-import com.example.accounting.application.port.in.JournalUseCase;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.model.journal.Journal;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.model.journal.SlipNumber;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.BalanceNotMatchException;
-import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.converter.JournalConverter;
-import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.*;
-import io.grpc.Status;
-import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
-import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
-/**
- * 仕訳 gRPC サービス実装
- */
-@GrpcService
-public class GrpcJournalService extends JournalServiceGrpc.JournalServiceImplBase {
-    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GrpcJournalService.class);
-    private final JournalUseCase journalUseCase;
-    private final JournalConverter converter;
-    public GrpcJournalService(JournalUseCase journalUseCase, JournalConverter converter) {
-        this.journalUseCase = journalUseCase;
-        this.converter = converter;
-    }
-    /**
-     * 単項 RPC: 仕訳取得
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void getJournal(GetJournalRequest request,
-                           StreamObserver<GetJournalResponse> responseObserver) {
-        log.info("getJournal: {}", request.getSlipNumber());
-        try {
-            SlipNumber slipNumber = new SlipNumber(request.getSlipNumber());
-            Journal journal = journalUseCase.findBySlipNumber(slipNumber)
-                .orElseThrow(() -> new ResourceNotFoundException(
-                    "仕訳", request.getSlipNumber()));
-            GetJournalResponse response = GetJournalResponse.newBuilder()
-                .setJournal(converter.toProto(journal))
-                .build();
-            responseObserver.onNext(response);
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (ResourceNotFoundException e) {
-            log.warn("Journal not found: {}", request.getSlipNumber());
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.NOT_FOUND
-                    .withDescription("仕訳が見つかりません: " + request.getSlipNumber())
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.error("Error getting journal", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * 単項 RPC: 仕訳登録
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void createJournal(CreateJournalRequest request,
-                              StreamObserver<CreateJournalResponse> responseObserver) {
-        log.info("createJournal: date={}", request.getJournalDate());
-        try {
-            Journal journal = converter.toDomain(request);
-            Journal created = journalUseCase.create(journal);
-            CreateJournalResponse response = CreateJournalResponse.newBuilder()
-                .setJournal(converter.toProto(created))
-                .build();
-            responseObserver.onNext(response);
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (BalanceNotMatchException e) {
-            log.warn("Balance not match: {}", e.getMessage());
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION
-                    .withDescription("貸借が一致しません: " + e.getMessage())
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            log.warn("Invalid request: {}", e.getMessage());
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT
-                    .withDescription(e.getMessage())
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.error("Error creating journal", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * 単項 RPC: 仕訳取消（赤黒処理）
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void cancelJournal(CancelJournalRequest request,
-                              StreamObserver<CancelJournalResponse> responseObserver) {
-        log.info("cancelJournal: {}", request.getSlipNumber());
-        try {
-            SlipNumber slipNumber = new SlipNumber(request.getSlipNumber());
-            var result = journalUseCase.cancel(slipNumber, request.getCancelReason());
-            CancelJournalResponse response = CancelJournalResponse.newBuilder()
-                .setOriginalJournal(converter.toProto(result.getOriginal()))
-                .setReversalJournal(converter.toProto(result.getReversal()))
-                .build();
-            responseObserver.onNext(response);
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (ResourceNotFoundException e) {
-            log.warn("Journal not found for cancel: {}", request.getSlipNumber());
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.NOT_FOUND
-                    .withDescription("取消対象の仕訳が見つかりません: " + request.getSlipNumber())
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.error("Error canceling journal", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * サーバーストリーミング RPC: 仕訳一覧取得
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void listJournals(ListJournalsRequest request,
-                             StreamObserver<com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.Journal> responseObserver) {
-        log.info("listJournals: dateFrom={}, dateTo={}",
-                 request.getDateFrom(), request.getDateTo());
-        try {
-            List<Journal> journals = journalUseCase.findAll(
-                converter.toCriteria(request)
-            );
-            // ストリーミングで仕訳を1件ずつ送信
-            for (Journal journal : journals) {
-                responseObserver.onNext(converter.toProto(journal));
-            }
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-            log.info("listJournals completed: {} items", journals.size());
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.error("Error listing journals", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        }
-    }
-    /**
-     * クライアントストリーミング RPC: 仕訳一括登録
-     */
-    @Override
-    public StreamObserver<BulkCreateJournalRequest> bulkCreateJournals(
-            StreamObserver<BulkCreateJournalResponse> responseObserver) {
-        log.info("bulkCreateJournals: started");
-        AtomicInteger successCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
-        AtomicInteger failureCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
-        List<ErrorDetail> errors = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
-        List<String> createdSlipNumbers = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
-        return new StreamObserver<BulkCreateJournalRequest>() {
-            @Override
-            public void onNext(BulkCreateJournalRequest request) {
-                try {
-                    CreateJournalRequest journalRequest = request.getJournal();
-                    Journal journal = converter.toDomain(journalRequest);
-                    Journal created = journalUseCase.create(journal);
-                    successCount.incrementAndGet();
-                    createdSlipNumbers.add(created.getSlipNumber().getValue());
-                    log.debug("Created journal: {}", created.getSlipNumber().getValue());
-                } catch (Exception e) {
-                    failureCount.incrementAndGet();
-                    errors.add(ErrorDetail.newBuilder()
-                        .setField("journal")
-                        .setMessage(e.getMessage())
-                        .build());
-                    log.warn("Failed to create journal", e);
-                }
-            }
-            @Override
-            public void onError(Throwable t) {
-                log.error("bulkCreateJournals error", t);
-            }
-            @Override
-            public void onCompleted() {
-                BulkCreateJournalResponse response = BulkCreateJournalResponse.newBuilder()
-                    .setSuccessCount(successCount.get())
-                    .setFailureCount(failureCount.get())
-                    .addAllErrors(errors)
-                    .addAllCreatedSlipNumbers(createdSlipNumbers)
-                    .build();
-                responseObserver.onNext(response);
-                responseObserver.onCompleted();
-                log.info("bulkCreateJournals completed: success={}, failure={}",
-                         successCount.get(), failureCount.get());
-            }
-        };
-    }
-    /**
-     * 単項 RPC: 貸借バランスチェック
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void validateBalance(ValidateBalanceRequest request,
-                                StreamObserver<ValidateBalanceResponse> responseObserver) {
-        log.info("validateBalance");
-        try {
-            var result = journalUseCase.validateBalance(
-                converter.toDetailDomainList(request.getDetailsList())
-            );
-            ValidateBalanceResponse response = ValidateBalanceResponse.newBuilder()
-                .setIsBalanced(result.isBalanced())
-                .setTotalDebit(converter.toProtoMoney(result.getTotalDebit()))
-                .setTotalCredit(converter.toProtoMoney(result.getTotalCredit()))
-                .setDifference(converter.toProtoMoney(result.getDifference()))
-                .build();
-            responseObserver.onNext(response);
-            responseObserver.onCompleted();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            log.error("Error validating balance", e);
-            responseObserver.onError(
-                Status.INTERNAL
-                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
-                    .asRuntimeException()
-            );
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
-### 24.3 コンバーター実装
-<details>
-<summary>AccountConverter.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.converter;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.*;
-import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.*;
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-/**
- * 勘定科目ドメインモデル ⇔ Protocol Buffers 変換
- */
-@Component
-public class AccountConverter {
-    /**
-     * ドメインモデル → Proto
-     */
-    public com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.Account toProto(Account domain) {
-        return com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.Account.newBuilder()
-            .setAccountCode(domain.getAccountCode().getValue())
-            .setAccountName(domain.getAccountName())
-            .setBsplType(toProtoBsplType(domain.getBsplType()))
-            .setDebitCreditType(toProtoDebitCreditType(domain.getDebitCreditType()))
-            .setElementType(toProtoElementType(domain.getElementType()))
-            .setAggregationType(toProtoAggregationType(domain.getAggregationType()))
-            .setParentAccountCode(nullToEmpty(domain.getParentAccountCode()))
-            .setAccountPath(nullToEmpty(domain.getAccountPath()))
-            .setDisplayOrder(domain.getDisplayOrder())
-            .setIsActive(domain.isActive())
-            .build();
-    }
-    /**
-     * CreateAccountRequest → ドメインモデル
-     */
-    public Account toDomain(CreateAccountRequest request) {
-        return Account.builder()
-            .accountCode(new AccountCode(request.getAccountCode()))
-            .accountName(request.getAccountName())
-            .bsplType(toDomainBsplType(request.getBsplType()))
-            .debitCreditType(toDomainDebitCreditType(request.getDebitCreditType()))
-            .elementType(toDomainElementType(request.getElementType()))
-            .aggregationType(toDomainAggregationType(request.getAggregationType()))
-            .parentAccountCode(emptyToNull(request.getParentAccountCode()))
-            .displayOrder(request.getDisplayOrder())
-            .isActive(true)
-            .build();
-    }
-    /**
-     * ListAccountsRequest → 検索条件
-     */
-    public AccountSearchCriteria toCriteria(ListAccountsRequest request) {
-        return AccountSearchCriteria.builder()
-            .bsplType(request.hasBsplType()
-                ? toDomainBsplType(request.getBsplType()) : null)
-            .elementType(request.hasElementType()
-                ? toDomainElementType(request.getElementType()) : null)
-            .aggregationType(request.hasAggregationType()
-                ? toDomainAggregationType(request.getAggregationType()) : null)
-            .keyword(emptyToNull(request.getKeyword()))
-            .activeOnly(request.getActiveOnly())
-            .page(request.hasPage() ? request.getPage().getPage() : 0)
-            .size(request.hasPage() ? request.getPage().getSize() : 20)
-            .build();
-    }
-    /**
-     * ツリー構造を Proto に変換
-     */
-    public List<AccountNode> toProtoTree(List<AccountTreeNode> tree) {
-        return tree.stream()
-            .map(this::toProtoNode)
-            .collect(Collectors.toList());
-    }
-    private AccountNode toProtoNode(AccountTreeNode node) {
-        AccountNode.Builder builder = AccountNode.newBuilder()
-            .setAccount(toProto(node.getAccount()));
-        if (node.getChildren() != null && !node.getChildren().isEmpty()) {
-            builder.addAllChildren(
-                node.getChildren().stream()
-                    .map(this::toProtoNode)
-                    .collect(Collectors.toList())
-            );
-        }
-        return builder.build();
-    }
-    // === 区分変換 ===
-    public BsplType toProtoBsplType(
-            com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.BsplType domain) {
-        return switch (domain) {
-            case BS -> BsplType.BSPL_TYPE_BS;
-            case PL -> BsplType.BSPL_TYPE_PL;
-        };
-    }
-    public com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.BsplType toDomainBsplType(
-            BsplType proto) {
-        return switch (proto) {
-            case BSPL_TYPE_BS -> com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.BsplType.BS;
-            case BSPL_TYPE_PL -> com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.BsplType.PL;
-            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown BSPL type: " + proto);
-        };
-    }
-    private DebitCreditType toProtoDebitCreditType(
-            com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.DebitCreditType domain) {
-        return switch (domain) {
-            case DEBIT -> DebitCreditType.DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_DEBIT;
-            case CREDIT -> DebitCreditType.DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_CREDIT;
-        };
-    }
-    private com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.DebitCreditType toDomainDebitCreditType(
-            DebitCreditType proto) {
-        return switch (proto) {
-            case DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_DEBIT ->
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.DebitCreditType.DEBIT;
-            case DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_CREDIT ->
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.DebitCreditType.CREDIT;
-            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown debit/credit type: " + proto);
-        };
-    }
-    private ElementType toProtoElementType(
-            com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType domain) {
-        return switch (domain) {
-            case ASSET -> ElementType.ELEMENT_TYPE_ASSET;
-            case LIABILITY -> ElementType.ELEMENT_TYPE_LIABILITY;
-            case EQUITY -> ElementType.ELEMENT_TYPE_EQUITY;
-            case REVENUE -> ElementType.ELEMENT_TYPE_REVENUE;
-            case EXPENSE -> ElementType.ELEMENT_TYPE_EXPENSE;
-        };
-    }
-    private com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType toDomainElementType(
-            ElementType proto) {
-        return switch (proto) {
-            case ELEMENT_TYPE_ASSET ->
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.ASSET;
-            case ELEMENT_TYPE_LIABILITY ->
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.LIABILITY;
-            case ELEMENT_TYPE_EQUITY ->
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.EQUITY;
-            case ELEMENT_TYPE_REVENUE ->
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.REVENUE;
-            case ELEMENT_TYPE_EXPENSE ->
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.EXPENSE;
-            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown element type: " + proto);
-        };
-    }
-    private AggregationType toProtoAggregationType(
-            com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType domain) {
-        return switch (domain) {
-            case HEADING -> AggregationType.AGGREGATION_TYPE_HEADING;
-            case SUMMARY -> AggregationType.AGGREGATION_TYPE_SUMMARY;
-            case POSTING -> AggregationType.AGGREGATION_TYPE_POSTING;
-        };
-    }
-    private com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType toDomainAggregationType(
-            AggregationType proto) {
-        return switch (proto) {
-            case AGGREGATION_TYPE_HEADING ->
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType.HEADING;
-            case AGGREGATION_TYPE_SUMMARY ->
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType.SUMMARY;
-            case AGGREGATION_TYPE_POSTING ->
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType.POSTING;
-            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown aggregation type: " + proto);
-        };
-    }
-    // === ユーティリティ ===
-    private String nullToEmpty(String value) {
-        return value == null ? "" : value;
-    }
-    private String emptyToNull(String value) {
-        return value == null || value.isEmpty() ? null : value;
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
----
-## 第 25 章：gRPC インターセプター
-### 25.1 ログインターセプター
-<details>
-<summary>LoggingInterceptor.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.interceptor;
-import io.grpc.*;
-import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.interceptor.GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-import org.slf4j.MDC;
-import java.util.UUID;
-/**
- * gRPC ログインターセプター
- */
-@GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor
-public class LoggingInterceptor implements ServerInterceptor {
-    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggingInterceptor.class);
-    @Override
-    public <ReqT, RespT> ServerCall.Listener<ReqT> interceptCall(
-            ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call,
-            Metadata headers,
-            ServerCallHandler<ReqT, RespT> next) {
-        String requestId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
-        String methodName = call.getMethodDescriptor().getFullMethodName();
-        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        MDC.put("requestId", requestId);
-        log.info("gRPC Request: method={}", methodName);
-        return new ForwardingServerCallListener.SimpleForwardingServerCallListener<ReqT>(
-                next.startCall(
-                    new ForwardingServerCall.SimpleForwardingServerCall<ReqT, RespT>(call) {
-                        @Override
-                        public void close(Status status, Metadata trailers) {
-                            long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
-                            log.info("gRPC Response: method={}, status={}, duration={}ms",
-                                     methodName, status.getCode(), duration);
-                            MDC.clear();
-                            super.close(status, trailers);
-                        }
-                    },
-                    headers
-                )
-        ) {
-            @Override
-            public void onMessage(ReqT message) {
-                log.debug("gRPC Request message: {}", message);
-                super.onMessage(message);
-            }
-        };
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
-### 25.2 例外インターセプター
-<details>
-<summary>ExceptionInterceptor.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.interceptor;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.BusinessException;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.ValidationException;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.BalanceNotMatchException;
-import io.grpc.*;
-import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.interceptor.GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor;
-import org.slf4j.Logger;
-import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
-/**
- * gRPC 例外インターセプター
- */
-@GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor
-public class ExceptionInterceptor implements ServerInterceptor {
-    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExceptionInterceptor.class);
-    @Override
-    public <ReqT, RespT> ServerCall.Listener<ReqT> interceptCall(
-            ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call,
-            Metadata headers,
-            ServerCallHandler<ReqT, RespT> next) {
-        return new ExceptionHandlingListener<>(
-            next.startCall(call, headers),
-            call
-        );
-    }
-    private class ExceptionHandlingListener<ReqT, RespT>
-            extends ForwardingServerCallListener.SimpleForwardingServerCallListener<ReqT> {
-        private final ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call;
-        protected ExceptionHandlingListener(
-                ServerCall.Listener<ReqT> delegate,
-                ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call) {
-            super(delegate);
-            this.call = call;
-        }
-        @Override
-        public void onHalfClose() {
-            try {
-                super.onHalfClose();
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                handleException(e);
-            }
-        }
-        private void handleException(Exception e) {
-            Status status;
-            String message;
-            if (e instanceof ResourceNotFoundException) {
-                status = Status.NOT_FOUND;
-                message = e.getMessage();
-                log.warn("Resource not found: {}", message);
-            } else if (e instanceof ValidationException) {
-                status = Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-                message = e.getMessage();
-                log.warn("Validation error: {}", message);
-            } else if (e instanceof BalanceNotMatchException) {
-                status = Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION;
-                message = e.getMessage();
-                log.warn("Balance not match: {}", message);
-            } else if (e instanceof BusinessException) {
-                status = Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION;
-                message = e.getMessage();
-                log.warn("Business rule violation: {}", message);
-            } else if (e instanceof IllegalArgumentException) {
-                status = Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT;
-                message = e.getMessage();
-                log.warn("Invalid argument: {}", message);
-            } else {
-                status = Status.INTERNAL;
-                message = "内部エラーが発生しました";
-                log.error("Internal error", e);
-            }
-            call.close(status.withDescription(message), new Metadata());
-        }
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
----
-## 第 26 章：動作確認とテスト
-### 26.1 grpcurl による動作確認
-```bash
-# サーバー起動確認（リフレクションサービス経由）
-grpcurl -plaintext localhost:9090 list
-# 勘定科目サービスのメソッド一覧
-grpcurl -plaintext localhost:9090 list com.example.accounting.AccountService
-# 勘定科目取得
-grpcurl -plaintext -d '{"account_code": "1110"}' \
-  localhost:9090 com.example.accounting.AccountService/GetAccount
-# 勘定科目登録
-grpcurl -plaintext -d '{
-  "account_code": "1111",
-  "account_name": "普通預金（みずほ銀行）",
-  "bspl_type": "BSPL_TYPE_BS",
-  "debit_credit_type": "DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_DEBIT",
-  "element_type": "ELEMENT_TYPE_ASSET",
-  "aggregation_type": "AGGREGATION_TYPE_POSTING",
-  "parent_account_code": "1110",
-  "display_order": 10
-}' localhost:9090 com.example.accounting.AccountService/CreateAccount
-# 勘定科目一覧取得（ストリーミング）
-grpcurl -plaintext -d '{
-  "bspl_type": "BSPL_TYPE_BS",
-  "active_only": true
-}' localhost:9090 com.example.accounting.AccountService/ListAccounts
-# 仕訳登録
-grpcurl -plaintext -d '{
-  "journal_date": {"year": 2025, "month": 1, "day": 15},
-  "summary": "売上計上",
-  "journal_type": "JOURNAL_TYPE_NORMAL",
-  "details": [{
-    "line_number": 1,
-    "line_summary": "A社への売上",
-    "debit_credit_details": [
-      {
-        "debit_credit_type": "DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_DEBIT",
-        "account_code": "1310",
-        "amount": {"units": 110000, "currency": "JPY"}
-      },
-      {
-        "debit_credit_type": "DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_CREDIT",
-        "account_code": "4100",
-        "amount": {"units": 100000, "currency": "JPY"}
-      },
-      {
-        "debit_credit_type": "DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_CREDIT",
-        "account_code": "2110",
-        "amount": {"units": 10000, "currency": "JPY"}
-      }
-    ]
-  }]
-}' localhost:9090 com.example.accounting.JournalService/CreateJournal
-# ヘルスチェック
-grpcurl -plaintext localhost:9090 grpc.health.v1.Health/Check
-```
-### 26.2 統合テスト
-<details>
-<summary>GrpcAccountServiceTest.java</summary>
-```java
-package com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.service;
-import com.example.accounting.application.port.in.AccountUseCase;
-import com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.*;
-import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.converter.AccountConverter;
-import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.*;
-import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;
-import net.devh.boot.grpc.client.inject.GrpcClient;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
-import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
-import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
-import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
-@SpringBootTest(properties = {
-    "grpc.server.port=9091",
-    "grpc.server.in-process-name=test"
-})
-@ActiveProfiles("test")
-class GrpcAccountServiceTest {
-    @MockBean
-    private AccountUseCase accountUseCase;
-    @GrpcClient("inProcess")
-    private AccountServiceGrpc.AccountServiceBlockingStub blockingStub;
-    private Account sampleAccount;
-    @BeforeEach
-    void setUp() {
-        sampleAccount = Account.builder()
-            .accountCode(new AccountCode("1110"))
-            .accountName("現金")
-            .bsplType(com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.BsplType.BS)
-            .debitCreditType(
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.DebitCreditType.DEBIT)
-            .elementType(
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.ASSET)
-            .aggregationType(
-                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType.POSTING)
-            .isActive(true)
-            .build();
-    }
-    @Test
-    @DisplayName("勘定科目取得 - 存在する科目を取得できること")
-    void getAccount_found() {
-        // Given
-        when(accountUseCase.findByCode(any(AccountCode.class)))
-            .thenReturn(Optional.of(sampleAccount));
-        GetAccountRequest request = GetAccountRequest.newBuilder()
-            .setAccountCode("1110")
-            .build();
-        // When
-        GetAccountResponse response = blockingStub.getAccount(request);
-        // Then
-        assertThat(response.getAccount().getAccountCode()).isEqualTo("1110");
-        assertThat(response.getAccount().getAccountName()).isEqualTo("現金");
-        assertThat(response.getAccount().getBsplType())
-            .isEqualTo(BsplType.BSPL_TYPE_BS);
-    }
-    @Test
-    @DisplayName("勘定科目取得 - 存在しない科目は NOT_FOUND")
-    void getAccount_notFound() {
-        // Given
-        when(accountUseCase.findByCode(any(AccountCode.class)))
-            .thenReturn(Optional.empty());
-        GetAccountRequest request = GetAccountRequest.newBuilder()
-            .setAccountCode("9999")
-            .build();
-        // When & Then
-        assertThatThrownBy(() -> blockingStub.getAccount(request))
-            .isInstanceOf(StatusRuntimeException.class)
-            .satisfies(e -> {
-                StatusRuntimeException sre = (StatusRuntimeException) e;
-                assertThat(sre.getStatus().getCode())
-                    .isEqualTo(io.grpc.Status.NOT_FOUND.getCode());
-            });
-    }
-    @Test
-    @DisplayName("勘定科目一覧取得 - ストリーミングで取得できること")
-    void listAccounts_streaming() {
-        // Given
-        List<Account> accounts = List.of(
-            sampleAccount,
-            Account.builder()
-                .accountCode(new AccountCode("1120"))
-                .accountName("普通預金")
-                .bsplType(com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.BsplType.BS)
-                .debitCreditType(
-                    com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.DebitCreditType.DEBIT)
-                .elementType(
-                    com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.ASSET)
-                .aggregationType(
-                    com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType.POSTING)
-                .isActive(true)
-                .build()
-        );
-        when(accountUseCase.findAll(any())).thenReturn(accounts);
-        ListAccountsRequest request = ListAccountsRequest.newBuilder()
-            .setBsplType(BsplType.BSPL_TYPE_BS)
-            .setActiveOnly(true)
-            .build();
-        // When
-        Iterator<com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.Account> iterator =
-            blockingStub.listAccounts(request);
-        // Then
-        int count = 0;
-        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
-            com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.Account account = iterator.next();
-            assertThat(account.getAccountCode()).matches("11\\d+");
-            count++;
-        }
-        assertThat(count).isEqualTo(2);
-    }
-}
-```
-</details>
----
-## 第 27 章：まとめ
-### 27.1 学習した内容
-1. **gRPC の基本概念**: Protocol Buffers、HTTP/2、4 つの RPC パターン
-2. **REST/GraphQL との比較**: 用途に応じた適切な選択
-3. **ヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャとの統合**: Input Adapter として gRPC サービスを追加
-4. **技術スタック**: grpc-spring-boot-starter、Protocol Buffers
-5. **Protocol Buffers 定義**: 共通型、勘定科目、仕訳、残高のメッセージとサービス定義
-6. **gRPC サービス実装**: 単項 RPC、ストリーミング RPC
-7. **インターセプター**: ログ、例外ハンドリング
-8. **テスト**: gRPC クライアントを使用した統合テスト
-### 27.2 gRPC が適するユースケース
-| ユースケース | 理由 |
-|-------------|------|
-| 基幹システム連携 | 高性能なバイナリ通信 |
-| 大量仕訳一括登録 | クライアントストリーミング |
-| リアルタイム残高監視 | 双方向ストリーミング |
-| 月次締め進捗通知 | サーバーストリーミング |
-| マイクロサービス間通信 | 型安全な API 定義 |
-### 27.3 API アーキテクチャ選択ガイド
-```plantuml
-@startuml api_selection
-!define RECTANGLE class
-skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
-start
-:API が必要;
-if (ブラウザから直接アクセス?) then (はい)
-  if (柔軟なクエリが必要?) then (はい)
-    :GraphQL;
-  else (いいえ)
-    :REST API;
-  endif
-else (いいえ)
-  if (高性能が必要?) then (はい)
-    :gRPC;
-  else (いいえ)
-    if (ストリーミングが必要?) then (はい)
-      :gRPC;
-    else (いいえ)
-      :REST API;
-    endif
-  endif
-endif
-stop
-@enduml
-```
-### 27.4 次のステップ
-- gRPC-Web による Web フロントエンド対応
-- 認証・認可（JWT トークン検証）
-- ロードバランシングとサービスメッシュ
-- Observability（メトリクス、トレーシング）
+# 研究 3：gRPC サービスの実装
+## はじめに
+本パートでは、API サーバー構成とは異なるアプローチとして、**gRPC** による財務会計システムを実装します。Protocol Buffers による高効率なバイナリシリアライゼーションと、HTTP/2 によるストリーミング通信を活用し、高性能なマイクロサービス間通信を実現します。
+ヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ（ドメイン層・アプリケーション層）はそのまま共有し、**Input Adapter として gRPC サービス層のみを追加**します。
+---
+## 第 22 章：gRPC サーバーの基礎
+### 22.1 gRPC とは
+gRPC は Google が開発したオープンソースの高性能 RPC（Remote Procedure Call）フレームワークです。HTTP/2 プロトコルと Protocol Buffers を基盤とし、マイクロサービス間通信に最適化されています。
+```plantuml
+@startuml grpc_architecture
+!define RECTANGLE class
+skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
+package "gRPC Architecture (財務会計システム)" {
+  package "Client Side" {
+    RECTANGLE "gRPC Client\n(Generated Stub)" as client {
+      - 単項 RPC
+      - サーバーストリーミング
+      - クライアントストリーミング
+      - 双方向ストリーミング
+    }
+  }
+  package "Server Side" {
+    RECTANGLE "gRPC Server\n(grpc-spring-boot-starter)" as server {
+      - AccountService
+      - JournalService
+      - BalanceService
+      - ReportService
+    }
+  }
+  package "Shared" {
+    RECTANGLE "Protocol Buffers\n(.proto files)" as proto {
+      - account.proto
+      - journal.proto
+      - balance.proto
+      - common.proto
+    }
+  }
+}
+client --> proto : ".proto からスタブ生成"
+server --> proto : ".proto からスケルトン生成"
+client <--> server : "HTTP/2\n(Binary Protocol)"
+note bottom of proto
+  スキーマ駆動開発
+  言語中立なインターフェース定義
+  高効率なバイナリシリアライゼーション
+end note
+@enduml
+```
+**gRPC の主な特徴：**
+| 特徴 | 説明 |
+|------|------|
+| HTTP/2 | 多重化、ヘッダー圧縮、バイナリフレーミング |
+| Protocol Buffers | 高速なバイナリシリアライゼーション |
+| 多言語サポート | Java, Go, Python, C#, Node.js 等 |
+| ストリーミング | 4 つの RPC パターンをサポート |
+| デッドライン | タイムアウト管理の組み込みサポート |
+| 認証 | TLS/SSL、トークンベース認証のサポート |
+### 22.2 REST API / GraphQL との比較
+```plantuml
+@startuml api_comparison
+skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
+rectangle "REST API" as rest {
+  (HTTP/1.1 or 2)
+  (JSON/XML)
+  (OpenAPI)
+}
+rectangle "gRPC" as grpc {
+  (HTTP/2)
+  (Protocol Buffers)
+  (.proto)
+}
+rectangle "GraphQL" as graphql {
+  (HTTP/1.1 or 2)
+  (JSON)
+  (.graphqls)
+}
+note bottom of rest
+  汎用性が高い
+  ブラウザ直接アクセス可能
+  人間が読みやすい
+end note
+note bottom of grpc
+  高性能
+  マイクロサービス向け
+  型安全
+end note
+note bottom of graphql
+  柔軟なクエリ
+  フロントエンド向け
+  単一エンドポイント
+end note
+@enduml
+```
+**詳細比較表：**
+| 特徴 | REST API | gRPC | GraphQL |
+|------|----------|------|---------|
+| プロトコル | HTTP/1.1 | HTTP/2 | HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 |
+| データ形式 | JSON | Protocol Buffers | JSON |
+| スキーマ | OpenAPI (任意) | .proto (必須) | .graphqls (必須) |
+| シリアライゼーション | テキスト | バイナリ | テキスト |
+| パフォーマンス | 中 | 高 | 中 |
+| ストリーミング | WebSocket 別実装 | ネイティブサポート | Subscription |
+| ブラウザ対応 | ◎ | △ (gRPC-Web) | ◎ |
+| 学習コスト | 低 | 中 | 中 |
+| 主な用途 | 汎用 API | マイクロサービス | フロントエンド向け |
+**財務会計システムで gRPC を選択する場面：**
+1. **基幹システム間連携**: 販売管理・購買管理との高性能な内部通信
+2. **リアルタイム残高更新**: ストリーミングによる即時反映通知
+3. **一括仕訳処理**: クライアントストリーミングによる大量データ転送
+4. **月次締め処理**: 長時間処理の進捗通知
+### 22.3 4 つの RPC パターン
+gRPC は 4 つの RPC パターンをサポートします。
+```plantuml
+@startuml grpc_patterns
+skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
+rectangle "1. 単項 RPC (Unary)" as unary {
+  (Client) -right-> (Server) : "Request"
+  (Server) -left-> (Client) : "Response"
+}
+rectangle "2. サーバーストリーミング RPC" as server_stream {
+  (Client2) -right-> (Server2) : "Request"
+  (Server2) -left-> (Client2) : "Response 1"
+  (Server2) -left-> (Client2) : "Response 2"
+  (Server2) -left-> (Client2) : "Response N"
+}
+rectangle "3. クライアントストリーミング RPC" as client_stream {
+  (Client3) -right-> (Server3) : "Request 1"
+  (Client3) -right-> (Server3) : "Request 2"
+  (Client3) -right-> (Server3) : "Request N"
+  (Server3) -left-> (Client3) : "Response"
+}
+rectangle "4. 双方向ストリーミング RPC" as bidirectional {
+  (Client4) <-right-> (Server4) : "Request/Response Stream"
+}
+@enduml
+```
+**各パターンの用途（財務会計システム）：**
+| パターン | 用途例 |
+|----------|---------------------------|
+| 単項 RPC | 勘定科目取得、仕訳登録 |
+| サーバーストリーミング | 仕訳一覧取得、残高照会 |
+| クライアントストリーミング | 仕訳明細の一括登録 |
+| 双方向ストリーミング | リアルタイム残高同期 |
+### 22.4 gRPC におけるヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ
+gRPC を導入しても、ヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャ（ドメイン層・アプリケーション層）はそのまま共有し、**Input Adapter として gRPC サービス層のみを追加**します。
+```plantuml
+@startuml hexagonal_grpc
+!define RECTANGLE class
+package "Hexagonal Architecture (gRPC版)" {
+  RECTANGLE "Application Core\n(Domain + Use Cases)" as core {
+    - Account (勘定科目)
+    - Journal (仕訳)
+    - DailyBalance (日次残高)
+    - MonthlyBalance (月次残高)
+    - AccountUseCase
+    - JournalUseCase
+    - BalanceUseCase
+  }
+  RECTANGLE "Input Adapters\n(Driving Side)" as input {
+    - REST Controller（既存）
+    - gRPC Service（新規追加）
+    - StreamObserver
+    - ServerInterceptor
+  }
+  RECTANGLE "Output Adapters\n(Driven Side)" as output {
+    - MyBatis Repository
+    - Database Access
+    - Entity Mapping
+  }
+}
+input --> core : "Input Ports\n(Use Cases)"
+core --> output : "Output Ports\n(Repository Interfaces)"
+note top of core
+  既存のビジネスロジック
+  REST API 版と完全に共有
+  gRPC 固有のコードは含まない
+end note
+note left of input
+  gRPC サービスを
+  Input Adapter として追加
+  既存の REST と共存可能
+end note
+note right of output
+  既存の Repository を
+  そのまま使用
+  変更不要
+end note
+@enduml
+```
+### 22.5 ディレクトリ構成
+既存の構成に `infrastructure/in/grpc/` を追加するだけです。
+```
+src/main/java/com/example/accounting/
+├── domain/                     # ドメイン層（API版と共通）
+│   ├── model/
+│   │   ├── account/           # 勘定科目ドメイン
+│   │   ├── journal/           # 仕訳ドメイン
+│   │   ├── balance/           # 残高ドメイン
+│   │   └── tax/               # 課税取引ドメイン
+│   └── exception/
+│
+├── application/               # アプリケーション層（API版と共通）
+│   ├── port/
+│   │   ├── in/               # Input Port（ユースケース）
+│   │   └── out/              # Output Port（リポジトリ）
+│   └── service/
+│
+├── infrastructure/
+│   ├── in/
+│   │   ├── api/              # Input Adapter（REST実装）- 既存
+│   │   └── grpc/             # Input Adapter（gRPC実装）- 新規追加
+│   │       ├── service/      # gRPC サービス実装
+│   │       ├── interceptor/  # インターセプター
+│   │       └── converter/    # ドメイン ↔ Proto 変換
+│   └── out/
+│       └── persistence/      # Output Adapter（DB実装）- 既存
+│           ├── mapper/
+│           └── repository/
+│
+├── config/
+│
+└── src/main/proto/           # Protocol Buffers 定義
+    ├── common.proto
+    ├── account.proto
+    ├── journal.proto
+    ├── balance.proto
+    └── report.proto
+```
+### 22.6 技術スタックの追加
+既存の `build.gradle.kts` に gRPC 関連の依存関係を追加します。
+<details>
+<summary>build.gradle.kts（差分）</summary>
+```kotlin
+import com.google.protobuf.gradle.*
+plugins {
+    // 既存のプラグイン
+    id("java")
+    id("org.springframework.boot") version "3.2.0"
+    id("io.spring.dependency-management") version "1.1.4"
+    // gRPC 関連を追加
+    id("com.google.protobuf") version "0.9.4"
+}
+dependencies {
+    // 既存の依存関係（Spring Boot, MyBatis, PostgreSQL等）はそのまま
+    // gRPC 関連を追加
+    implementation("net.devh:grpc-spring-boot-starter:3.1.0.RELEASE")
+    implementation("io.grpc:grpc-protobuf:1.62.2")
+    implementation("io.grpc:grpc-stub:1.62.2")
+    implementation("io.grpc:grpc-services:1.62.2")  // ヘルスチェック、リフレクション
+    // Protocol Buffers
+    implementation("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:3.25.3")
+    implementation("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util:3.25.3")  // JSON 変換
+    // Jakarta Annotation (gRPC generated code で必要)
+    compileOnly("jakarta.annotation:jakarta.annotation-api:2.1.1")
+    // Test
+    testImplementation("io.grpc:grpc-testing:1.62.2")
+    testImplementation("net.devh:grpc-client-spring-boot-starter:3.1.0.RELEASE")
+}
+protobuf {
+    protoc {
+        artifact = "com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.25.3"
+    }
+    plugins {
+        create("grpc") {
+            artifact = "io.grpc:protoc-gen-grpc-java:1.62.2"
+        }
+    }
+    generateProtoTasks {
+        all().forEach { task ->
+            task.plugins {
+                create("grpc")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+// 生成コードのソースパス追加
+sourceSets {
+    main {
+        java {
+            srcDirs(
+                "build/generated/source/proto/main/java",
+                "build/generated/source/proto/main/grpc"
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+<details>
+<summary>application.yml（差分）</summary>
+```yaml
+# 既存の設定はそのまま
+# gRPC サーバー設定
+grpc:
+  server:
+    port: 9090
+    reflection-service-enabled: true  # gRPC リフレクション有効化
+    health-service-enabled: true      # ヘルスチェック有効化
+    max-inbound-message-size: 4194304  # 4MB
+    max-inbound-metadata-size: 8192    # 8KB
+# ログ設定
+logging:
+  level:
+    net.devh.boot.grpc: DEBUG
+    io.grpc: INFO
+```
+</details>
+---
+## 第 23 章：Protocol Buffers 定義
+### 23.1 共通メッセージ定義
+<details>
+<summary>src/main/proto/common.proto</summary>
+```protobuf
+syntax = "proto3";
+package com.example.accounting;
+option java_package = "com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto";
+option java_outer_classname = "CommonProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/wrappers.proto";
+// 共通のページネーション
+message PageRequest {
+    int32 page = 1;
+    int32 size = 2;
+}
+message PageInfo {
+    int32 page = 1;
+    int32 size = 2;
+    int32 total_elements = 3;
+    int32 total_pages = 4;
+    bool has_next = 5;
+    bool has_previous = 6;
+}
+// 共通のエラー応答
+message ErrorDetail {
+    string field = 1;
+    string message = 2;
+}
+message ErrorResponse {
+    string code = 1;
+    string message = 2;
+    repeated ErrorDetail details = 3;
+}
+// 金額型（Decimal 相当）
+message Money {
+    int64 units = 1;      // 整数部
+    int32 nanos = 2;      // 小数部（10億分の1単位）
+    string currency = 3;  // 通貨コード（JPY等）
+}
+// 日付型（Date 相当）
+message Date {
+    int32 year = 1;
+    int32 month = 2;
+    int32 day = 3;
+}
+// 年月型
+message YearMonth {
+    int32 year = 1;
+    int32 month = 2;
+}
+// 決算期
+message FiscalPeriod {
+    int32 fiscal_year = 1;    // 決算年度
+    int32 fiscal_month = 2;   // 決算月度（1-12）
+}
+// 監査情報
+message AuditInfo {
+    google.protobuf.Timestamp created_at = 1;
+    string created_by = 2;
+    google.protobuf.Timestamp updated_at = 3;
+    string updated_by = 4;
+}
+```
+</details>
+### 23.2 勘定科目 Protocol Buffers
+<details>
+<summary>src/main/proto/account.proto</summary>
+```protobuf
+syntax = "proto3";
+package com.example.accounting;
+option java_package = "com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto";
+option java_outer_classname = "AccountProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+import "common.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+// BSPL区分
+enum BsplType {
+    BSPL_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    BSPL_TYPE_BS = 1;            // 貸借対照表
+    BSPL_TYPE_PL = 2;            // 損益計算書
+}
+// 貸借区分
+enum DebitCreditType {
+    DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_DEBIT = 1;     // 借方
+    DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_CREDIT = 2;    // 貸方
+}
+// 取引要素区分
+enum ElementType {
+    ELEMENT_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    ELEMENT_TYPE_ASSET = 1;          // 資産
+    ELEMENT_TYPE_LIABILITY = 2;      // 負債
+    ELEMENT_TYPE_EQUITY = 3;         // 資本
+    ELEMENT_TYPE_REVENUE = 4;        // 収益
+    ELEMENT_TYPE_EXPENSE = 5;        // 費用
+}
+// 集計区分
+enum AggregationType {
+    AGGREGATION_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    AGGREGATION_TYPE_HEADING = 1;    // 見出科目
+    AGGREGATION_TYPE_SUMMARY = 2;    // 集計科目
+    AGGREGATION_TYPE_POSTING = 3;    // 計上科目
+}
+// 勘定科目メッセージ
+message Account {
+    string account_code = 1;             // 勘定科目コード
+    string account_name = 2;             // 勘定科目名
+    BsplType bspl_type = 3;              // BSPL区分
+    DebitCreditType debit_credit_type = 4;  // 貸借区分
+    ElementType element_type = 5;        // 取引要素区分
+    AggregationType aggregation_type = 6;   // 集計区分
+    string parent_account_code = 7;      // 親勘定科目コード
+    string account_path = 8;             // 勘定科目パス
+    int32 display_order = 9;             // 表示順
+    bool is_active = 10;                 // 有効フラグ
+    AuditInfo audit = 11;                // 監査情報
+}
+// 勘定科目構成メッセージ
+message AccountStructure {
+    string account_code = 1;             // 勘定科目コード
+    string account_path = 2;             // 勘定科目パス（~区切り）
+    int32 level = 3;                     // 階層レベル
+}
+// 課税取引マスタ
+message TaxTransaction {
+    string tax_code = 1;                 // 課税取引コード
+    string tax_name = 2;                 // 課税取引名
+    int32 tax_rate = 3;                  // 税率（パーセント * 100）
+    Date effective_from = 4;             // 適用開始日
+    Date effective_to = 5;               // 適用終了日
+    bool is_active = 6;                  // 有効フラグ
+}
+// === リクエスト/レスポンス ===
+// 勘定科目取得
+message GetAccountRequest {
+    string account_code = 1;
+}
+message GetAccountResponse {
+    Account account = 1;
+}
+// 勘定科目一覧取得
+message ListAccountsRequest {
+    PageRequest page = 1;
+    BsplType bspl_type = 2;              // フィルタ（オプション）
+    ElementType element_type = 3;        // フィルタ（オプション）
+    AggregationType aggregation_type = 4; // フィルタ（オプション）
+    string keyword = 5;                  // 検索キーワード
+    bool active_only = 6;                // 有効のみ
+}
+message ListAccountsResponse {
+    repeated Account accounts = 1;
+    PageInfo page_info = 2;
+}
+// 勘定科目登録
+message CreateAccountRequest {
+    string account_code = 1;
+    string account_name = 2;
+    BsplType bspl_type = 3;
+    DebitCreditType debit_credit_type = 4;
+    ElementType element_type = 5;
+    AggregationType aggregation_type = 6;
+    string parent_account_code = 7;
+    int32 display_order = 8;
+}
+message CreateAccountResponse {
+    Account account = 1;
+}
+// 勘定科目更新
+message UpdateAccountRequest {
+    string account_code = 1;
+    string account_name = 2;
+    BsplType bspl_type = 3;
+    DebitCreditType debit_credit_type = 4;
+    ElementType element_type = 5;
+    AggregationType aggregation_type = 6;
+    string parent_account_code = 7;
+    int32 display_order = 8;
+    bool is_active = 9;
+}
+message UpdateAccountResponse {
+    Account account = 1;
+}
+// 勘定科目削除
+message DeleteAccountRequest {
+    string account_code = 1;
+}
+message DeleteAccountResponse {
+    bool success = 1;
+}
+// 勘定科目一括登録（クライアントストリーミング）
+message BulkCreateAccountRequest {
+    CreateAccountRequest account = 1;
+}
+message BulkCreateAccountResponse {
+    int32 success_count = 1;
+    int32 failure_count = 2;
+    repeated ErrorDetail errors = 3;
+}
+// 勘定科目ツリー取得
+message GetAccountTreeRequest {
+    BsplType bspl_type = 1;  // BS または PL
+}
+message GetAccountTreeResponse {
+    repeated AccountNode nodes = 1;
+}
+message AccountNode {
+    Account account = 1;
+    repeated AccountNode children = 2;
+}
+// 課税取引マスタ取得
+message GetTaxTransactionRequest {
+    string tax_code = 1;
+}
+message GetTaxTransactionResponse {
+    TaxTransaction tax_transaction = 1;
+}
+// 課税取引マスタ一覧
+message ListTaxTransactionsRequest {
+    Date as_of_date = 1;     // 適用日（オプション）
+    bool active_only = 2;
+}
+message ListTaxTransactionsResponse {
+    repeated TaxTransaction tax_transactions = 1;
+}
+// === サービス定義 ===
+service AccountService {
+    // 単項 RPC
+    rpc GetAccount(GetAccountRequest) returns (GetAccountResponse);
+    rpc CreateAccount(CreateAccountRequest) returns (CreateAccountResponse);
+    rpc UpdateAccount(UpdateAccountRequest) returns (UpdateAccountResponse);
+    rpc DeleteAccount(DeleteAccountRequest) returns (DeleteAccountResponse);
+    // サーバーストリーミング RPC（大量データ取得）
+    rpc ListAccounts(ListAccountsRequest) returns (stream Account);
+    // クライアントストリーミング RPC（一括登録）
+    rpc BulkCreateAccounts(stream BulkCreateAccountRequest) returns (BulkCreateAccountResponse);
+    // 勘定科目構成
+    rpc GetAccountTree(GetAccountTreeRequest) returns (GetAccountTreeResponse);
+    // 課税取引マスタ
+    rpc GetTaxTransaction(GetTaxTransactionRequest) returns (GetTaxTransactionResponse);
+    rpc ListTaxTransactions(ListTaxTransactionsRequest) returns (ListTaxTransactionsResponse);
+}
+```
+</details>
+### 23.3 仕訳 Protocol Buffers
+<details>
+<summary>src/main/proto/journal.proto</summary>
+```protobuf
+syntax = "proto3";
+package com.example.accounting;
+option java_package = "com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto";
+option java_outer_classname = "JournalProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+import "common.proto";
+import "account.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+// 仕訳伝票区分
+enum JournalType {
+    JOURNAL_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    JOURNAL_TYPE_NORMAL = 1;         // 通常仕訳
+    JOURNAL_TYPE_CLOSING = 2;        // 決算仕訳
+    JOURNAL_TYPE_ADJUSTMENT = 3;     // 調整仕訳
+    JOURNAL_TYPE_REVERSAL = 4;       // 取消仕訳
+}
+// 仕訳ステータス
+enum JournalStatus {
+    JOURNAL_STATUS_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+    JOURNAL_STATUS_DRAFT = 1;        // 下書き
+    JOURNAL_STATUS_PENDING = 2;      // 承認待ち
+    JOURNAL_STATUS_APPROVED = 3;     // 承認済み
+    JOURNAL_STATUS_POSTED = 4;       // 転記済み
+    JOURNAL_STATUS_CANCELED = 5;     // 取消済み
+}
+// 仕訳伝票メッセージ
+message Journal {
+    string slip_number = 1;              // 伝票番号
+    Date journal_date = 2;               // 起票日
+    Date input_date = 3;                 // 入力日
+    string summary = 4;                  // 伝票摘要
+    JournalType journal_type = 5;        // 仕訳伝票区分
+    JournalStatus status = 6;            // ステータス
+    bool is_closing_journal = 7;         // 決算仕訳フラグ
+    FiscalPeriod fiscal_period = 8;      // 決算期
+    Money total_debit = 9;               // 借方合計
+    Money total_credit = 10;             // 貸方合計
+    repeated JournalDetail details = 11; // 仕訳明細
+    string reversal_slip_number = 12;    // 取消元伝票番号
+    AuditInfo audit = 13;                // 監査情報
+}
+// 仕訳明細メッセージ
+message JournalDetail {
+    int32 line_number = 1;               // 行番号
+    string line_summary = 2;             // 行摘要
+    repeated JournalDebitCreditDetail debit_credit_details = 3; // 貸借明細
+}
+// 仕訳貸借明細メッセージ
+message JournalDebitCreditDetail {
+    DebitCreditType debit_credit_type = 1;  // 借方/貸方
+    string account_code = 2;             // 勘定科目コード
+    string account_name = 3;             // 勘定科目名（参照用）
+    string sub_account_code = 4;         // 補助科目コード
+    string department_code = 5;          // 部門コード
+    string project_code = 6;             // プロジェクトコード
+    Money amount = 7;                    // 金額
+    Money base_currency_amount = 8;      // 基軸通貨金額
+    string tax_code = 9;                 // 課税取引コード
+    int32 tax_rate = 10;                 // 税率
+    Money tax_amount = 11;               // 消費税額
+}
+// === リクエスト/レスポンス ===
+// 仕訳取得
+message GetJournalRequest {
+    string slip_number = 1;
+}
+message GetJournalResponse {
+    Journal journal = 1;
+}
+// 仕訳一覧取得
+message ListJournalsRequest {
+    PageRequest page = 1;
+    Date date_from = 2;                  // 起票日From
+    Date date_to = 3;                    // 起票日To
+    FiscalPeriod fiscal_period = 4;      // 決算期
+    JournalType journal_type = 5;        // 仕訳伝票区分
+    JournalStatus status = 6;            // ステータス
+    string account_code = 7;             // 勘定科目コード
+    string keyword = 8;                  // 検索キーワード
+}
+message ListJournalsResponse {
+    repeated Journal journals = 1;
+    PageInfo page_info = 2;
+}
+// 仕訳登録
+message CreateJournalRequest {
+    Date journal_date = 1;
+    string summary = 2;
+    JournalType journal_type = 3;
+    bool is_closing_journal = 4;
+    repeated CreateJournalDetailRequest details = 5;
+}
+message CreateJournalDetailRequest {
+    int32 line_number = 1;
+    string line_summary = 2;
+    repeated CreateJournalDebitCreditRequest debit_credit_details = 3;
+}
+message CreateJournalDebitCreditRequest {
+    DebitCreditType debit_credit_type = 1;
+    string account_code = 2;
+    string sub_account_code = 3;
+    string department_code = 4;
+    string project_code = 5;
+    Money amount = 6;
+    string tax_code = 7;
+}
+message CreateJournalResponse {
+    Journal journal = 1;
+}
+// 仕訳更新
+message UpdateJournalRequest {
+    string slip_number = 1;
+    Date journal_date = 2;
+    string summary = 3;
+    JournalType journal_type = 4;
+    bool is_closing_journal = 5;
+    repeated CreateJournalDetailRequest details = 6;
+}
+message UpdateJournalResponse {
+    Journal journal = 1;
+}
+// 仕訳取消（赤黒処理）
+message CancelJournalRequest {
+    string slip_number = 1;
+    string cancel_reason = 2;
+}
+message CancelJournalResponse {
+    Journal original_journal = 1;        // 元の仕訳
+    Journal reversal_journal = 2;        // 取消仕訳
+}
+// 仕訳承認
+message ApproveJournalRequest {
+    string slip_number = 1;
+    string approver_comment = 2;
+}
+message ApproveJournalResponse {
+    Journal journal = 1;
+}
+// 仕訳一括登録（クライアントストリーミング）
+message BulkCreateJournalRequest {
+    CreateJournalRequest journal = 1;
+}
+message BulkCreateJournalResponse {
+    int32 success_count = 1;
+    int32 failure_count = 2;
+    repeated ErrorDetail errors = 3;
+    repeated string created_slip_numbers = 4;
+}
+// 貸借バランスチェック
+message ValidateBalanceRequest {
+    repeated CreateJournalDetailRequest details = 1;
+}
+message ValidateBalanceResponse {
+    bool is_balanced = 1;
+    Money total_debit = 2;
+    Money total_credit = 3;
+    Money difference = 4;
+}
+// === サービス定義 ===
+service JournalService {
+    // 単項 RPC
+    rpc GetJournal(GetJournalRequest) returns (GetJournalResponse);
+    rpc CreateJournal(CreateJournalRequest) returns (CreateJournalResponse);
+    rpc UpdateJournal(UpdateJournalRequest) returns (UpdateJournalResponse);
+    rpc CancelJournal(CancelJournalRequest) returns (CancelJournalResponse);
+    rpc ApproveJournal(ApproveJournalRequest) returns (ApproveJournalResponse);
+    rpc ValidateBalance(ValidateBalanceRequest) returns (ValidateBalanceResponse);
+    // サーバーストリーミング RPC
+    rpc ListJournals(ListJournalsRequest) returns (stream Journal);
+    // クライアントストリーミング RPC
+    rpc BulkCreateJournals(stream BulkCreateJournalRequest) returns (BulkCreateJournalResponse);
+    // 双方向ストリーミング RPC（リアルタイム仕訳入力）
+    rpc StreamJournalEntry(stream CreateJournalRequest) returns (stream CreateJournalResponse);
+}
+```
+</details>
+### 23.4 残高 Protocol Buffers
+<details>
+<summary>src/main/proto/balance.proto</summary>
+```protobuf
+syntax = "proto3";
+package com.example.accounting;
+option java_package = "com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto";
+option java_outer_classname = "BalanceProto";
+option java_multiple_files = true;
+import "common.proto";
+import "account.proto";
+// 日次勘定科目残高
+message DailyBalance {
+    Date balance_date = 1;               // 残高日
+    string account_code = 2;             // 勘定科目コード
+    string account_name = 3;             // 勘定科目名
+    string sub_account_code = 4;         // 補助科目コード
+    string department_code = 5;          // 部門コード
+    Money previous_balance = 6;          // 前日残高
+    Money debit_amount = 7;              // 借方金額
+    Money credit_amount = 8;             // 貸方金額
+    Money current_balance = 9;           // 当日残高
+}
+// 月次勘定科目残高
+message MonthlyBalance {
+    FiscalPeriod fiscal_period = 1;      // 決算期
+    string account_code = 2;             // 勘定科目コード
+    string account_name = 3;             // 勘定科目名
+    string sub_account_code = 4;         // 補助科目コード
+    string department_code = 5;          // 部門コード
+    Money opening_balance = 6;           // 月初残高
+    Money debit_amount = 7;              // 借方金額
+    Money credit_amount = 8;             // 貸方金額
+    Money closing_balance = 9;           // 月末残高
+    Money closing_debit_balance = 10;    // 決算借方金額
+    Money closing_credit_balance = 11;   // 決算貸方金額
+}
+// 残高サマリー
+message BalanceSummary {
+    string account_code = 1;
+    string account_name = 2;
+    BsplType bspl_type = 3;
+    ElementType element_type = 4;
+    Money balance = 5;
+    int32 level = 6;
+    bool is_leaf = 7;
+}
+// === リクエスト/レスポンス ===
+// 日次残高取得
+message GetDailyBalanceRequest {
+    Date balance_date = 1;
+    string account_code = 2;
+    string sub_account_code = 3;
+    string department_code = 4;
+}
+message GetDailyBalanceResponse {
+    DailyBalance balance = 1;
+}
+// 日次残高一覧取得
+message ListDailyBalancesRequest {
+    Date balance_date = 1;
+    BsplType bspl_type = 2;
+    ElementType element_type = 3;
+    string department_code = 4;
+    bool posting_accounts_only = 5;      // 計上科目のみ
+}
+message ListDailyBalancesResponse {
+    repeated DailyBalance balances = 1;
+    Money total_debit = 2;
+    Money total_credit = 3;
+}
+// 月次残高取得
+message GetMonthlyBalanceRequest {
+    FiscalPeriod fiscal_period = 1;
+    string account_code = 2;
+    string sub_account_code = 3;
+    string department_code = 4;
+}
+message GetMonthlyBalanceResponse {
+    MonthlyBalance balance = 1;
+}
+// 月次残高一覧取得
+message ListMonthlyBalancesRequest {
+    FiscalPeriod fiscal_period = 1;
+    BsplType bspl_type = 2;
+    ElementType element_type = 3;
+    string department_code = 4;
+    bool include_closing = 5;            // 決算仕訳含む
+}
+message ListMonthlyBalancesResponse {
+    repeated MonthlyBalance balances = 1;
+    Money total_debit = 2;
+    Money total_credit = 3;
+}
+// 勘定科目別残高照会
+message GetAccountBalanceRequest {
+    string account_code = 1;
+    Date date_from = 2;
+    Date date_to = 3;
+    string sub_account_code = 4;
+    string department_code = 5;
+}
+message GetAccountBalanceResponse {
+    string account_code = 1;
+    string account_name = 2;
+    Money opening_balance = 3;           // 期首残高
+    Money total_debit = 4;               // 期間借方合計
+    Money total_credit = 5;              // 期間貸方合計
+    Money closing_balance = 6;           // 期末残高
+    repeated DailyBalance daily_movements = 7;  // 日別推移
+}
+// 残高サマリー取得（試算表用）
+message GetBalanceSummaryRequest {
+    Date as_of_date = 1;
+    BsplType bspl_type = 2;
+    bool include_sub_accounts = 3;
+}
+message GetBalanceSummaryResponse {
+    repeated BalanceSummary summaries = 1;
+    Money bs_total_debit = 2;            // BS借方合計
+    Money bs_total_credit = 3;           // BS貸方合計
+    Money pl_total_debit = 4;            // PL借方合計
+    Money pl_total_credit = 5;           // PL貸方合計
+}
+// 残高更新（仕訳転記時）
+message UpdateBalanceRequest {
+    string slip_number = 1;
+}
+message UpdateBalanceResponse {
+    bool success = 1;
+    int32 updated_daily_records = 2;
+    int32 updated_monthly_records = 3;
+}
+// === サービス定義 ===
+service BalanceService {
+    // 単項 RPC
+    rpc GetDailyBalance(GetDailyBalanceRequest) returns (GetDailyBalanceResponse);
+    rpc GetMonthlyBalance(GetMonthlyBalanceRequest) returns (GetMonthlyBalanceResponse);
+    rpc GetAccountBalance(GetAccountBalanceRequest) returns (GetAccountBalanceResponse);
+    rpc GetBalanceSummary(GetBalanceSummaryRequest) returns (GetBalanceSummaryResponse);
+    rpc UpdateBalance(UpdateBalanceRequest) returns (UpdateBalanceResponse);
+    // サーバーストリーミング RPC
+    rpc ListDailyBalances(ListDailyBalancesRequest) returns (stream DailyBalance);
+    rpc ListMonthlyBalances(ListMonthlyBalancesRequest) returns (stream MonthlyBalance);
+    // 双方向ストリーミング（リアルタイム残高監視）
+    rpc WatchBalance(stream GetAccountBalanceRequest) returns (stream GetAccountBalanceResponse);
+}
+```
+</details>
+---
+## 第 24 章：gRPC サービス実装
+### 24.1 勘定科目サービス実装
+<details>
+<summary>GrpcAccountService.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.service;
+import com.example.accounting.application.port.in.AccountUseCase;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.Account;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AccountCode;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;
+import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.converter.AccountConverter;
+import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.*;
+import io.grpc.Status;
+import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
+import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+/**
+ * 勘定科目 gRPC サービス実装
+ */
+@GrpcService
+public class GrpcAccountService extends AccountServiceGrpc.AccountServiceImplBase {
+    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GrpcAccountService.class);
+    private final AccountUseCase accountUseCase;
+    private final AccountConverter converter;
+    public GrpcAccountService(AccountUseCase accountUseCase, AccountConverter converter) {
+        this.accountUseCase = accountUseCase;
+        this.converter = converter;
+    }
+    /**
+     * 単項 RPC: 勘定科目取得
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void getAccount(GetAccountRequest request,
+                           StreamObserver<GetAccountResponse> responseObserver) {
+        log.info("getAccount: {}", request.getAccountCode());
+        try {
+            AccountCode code = new AccountCode(request.getAccountCode());
+            Account account = accountUseCase.findByCode(code)
+                .orElseThrow(() -> new ResourceNotFoundException(
+                    "勘定科目", request.getAccountCode()));
+            GetAccountResponse response = GetAccountResponse.newBuilder()
+                .setAccount(converter.toProto(account))
+                .build();
+            responseObserver.onNext(response);
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (ResourceNotFoundException e) {
+            log.warn("Account not found: {}", request.getAccountCode());
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.NOT_FOUND
+                    .withDescription("勘定科目が見つかりません: " + request.getAccountCode())
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error("Error getting account", e);
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
+                    .withCause(e)
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * 単項 RPC: 勘定科目登録
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void createAccount(CreateAccountRequest request,
+                              StreamObserver<CreateAccountResponse> responseObserver) {
+        log.info("createAccount: {}", request.getAccountCode());
+        try {
+            Account account = converter.toDomain(request);
+            Account created = accountUseCase.create(account);
+            CreateAccountResponse response = CreateAccountResponse.newBuilder()
+                .setAccount(converter.toProto(created))
+                .build();
+            responseObserver.onNext(response);
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            log.warn("Invalid request: {}", e.getMessage());
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT
+                    .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error("Error creating account", e);
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * サーバーストリーミング RPC: 勘定科目一覧取得
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void listAccounts(ListAccountsRequest request,
+                             StreamObserver<com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.Account> responseObserver) {
+        log.info("listAccounts: bsplType={}, keyword={}",
+                 request.getBsplType(), request.getKeyword());
+        try {
+            List<Account> accounts = accountUseCase.findAll(
+                converter.toCriteria(request)
+            );
+            // ストリーミングで勘定科目を1件ずつ送信
+            for (Account account : accounts) {
+                responseObserver.onNext(converter.toProto(account));
+            }
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+            log.info("listAccounts completed: {} items", accounts.size());
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error("Error listing accounts", e);
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * クライアントストリーミング RPC: 勘定科目一括登録
+     */
+    @Override
+    public StreamObserver<BulkCreateAccountRequest> bulkCreateAccounts(
+            StreamObserver<BulkCreateAccountResponse> responseObserver) {
+        log.info("bulkCreateAccounts: started");
+        AtomicInteger successCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        AtomicInteger failureCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        List<ErrorDetail> errors = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+        return new StreamObserver<BulkCreateAccountRequest>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onNext(BulkCreateAccountRequest request) {
+                try {
+                    CreateAccountRequest accountRequest = request.getAccount();
+                    Account account = converter.toDomain(accountRequest);
+                    accountUseCase.create(account);
+                    successCount.incrementAndGet();
+                    log.debug("Created account: {}", accountRequest.getAccountCode());
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    failureCount.incrementAndGet();
+                    errors.add(ErrorDetail.newBuilder()
+                        .setField(request.getAccount().getAccountCode())
+                        .setMessage(e.getMessage())
+                        .build());
+                    log.warn("Failed to create account: {}",
+                             request.getAccount().getAccountCode(), e);
+                }
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void onError(Throwable t) {
+                log.error("bulkCreateAccounts error", t);
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void onCompleted() {
+                BulkCreateAccountResponse response = BulkCreateAccountResponse.newBuilder()
+                    .setSuccessCount(successCount.get())
+                    .setFailureCount(failureCount.get())
+                    .addAllErrors(errors)
+                    .build();
+                responseObserver.onNext(response);
+                responseObserver.onCompleted();
+                log.info("bulkCreateAccounts completed: success={}, failure={}",
+                         successCount.get(), failureCount.get());
+            }
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * 勘定科目ツリー取得
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void getAccountTree(GetAccountTreeRequest request,
+                               StreamObserver<GetAccountTreeResponse> responseObserver) {
+        log.info("getAccountTree: bsplType={}", request.getBsplType());
+        try {
+            var tree = accountUseCase.getAccountTree(
+                converter.toDomainBsplType(request.getBsplType())
+            );
+            GetAccountTreeResponse response = GetAccountTreeResponse.newBuilder()
+                .addAllNodes(converter.toProtoTree(tree))
+                .build();
+            responseObserver.onNext(response);
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error("Error getting account tree", e);
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+### 24.2 仕訳サービス実装
+<details>
+<summary>GrpcJournalService.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.service;
+import com.example.accounting.application.port.in.JournalUseCase;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.model.journal.Journal;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.model.journal.SlipNumber;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.BalanceNotMatchException;
+import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.converter.JournalConverter;
+import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.*;
+import io.grpc.Status;
+import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
+import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.service.GrpcService;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+/**
+ * 仕訳 gRPC サービス実装
+ */
+@GrpcService
+public class GrpcJournalService extends JournalServiceGrpc.JournalServiceImplBase {
+    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GrpcJournalService.class);
+    private final JournalUseCase journalUseCase;
+    private final JournalConverter converter;
+    public GrpcJournalService(JournalUseCase journalUseCase, JournalConverter converter) {
+        this.journalUseCase = journalUseCase;
+        this.converter = converter;
+    }
+    /**
+     * 単項 RPC: 仕訳取得
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void getJournal(GetJournalRequest request,
+                           StreamObserver<GetJournalResponse> responseObserver) {
+        log.info("getJournal: {}", request.getSlipNumber());
+        try {
+            SlipNumber slipNumber = new SlipNumber(request.getSlipNumber());
+            Journal journal = journalUseCase.findBySlipNumber(slipNumber)
+                .orElseThrow(() -> new ResourceNotFoundException(
+                    "仕訳", request.getSlipNumber()));
+            GetJournalResponse response = GetJournalResponse.newBuilder()
+                .setJournal(converter.toProto(journal))
+                .build();
+            responseObserver.onNext(response);
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (ResourceNotFoundException e) {
+            log.warn("Journal not found: {}", request.getSlipNumber());
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.NOT_FOUND
+                    .withDescription("仕訳が見つかりません: " + request.getSlipNumber())
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error("Error getting journal", e);
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * 単項 RPC: 仕訳登録
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void createJournal(CreateJournalRequest request,
+                              StreamObserver<CreateJournalResponse> responseObserver) {
+        log.info("createJournal: date={}", request.getJournalDate());
+        try {
+            Journal journal = converter.toDomain(request);
+            Journal created = journalUseCase.create(journal);
+            CreateJournalResponse response = CreateJournalResponse.newBuilder()
+                .setJournal(converter.toProto(created))
+                .build();
+            responseObserver.onNext(response);
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (BalanceNotMatchException e) {
+            log.warn("Balance not match: {}", e.getMessage());
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION
+                    .withDescription("貸借が一致しません: " + e.getMessage())
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            log.warn("Invalid request: {}", e.getMessage());
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT
+                    .withDescription(e.getMessage())
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error("Error creating journal", e);
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * 単項 RPC: 仕訳取消（赤黒処理）
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void cancelJournal(CancelJournalRequest request,
+                              StreamObserver<CancelJournalResponse> responseObserver) {
+        log.info("cancelJournal: {}", request.getSlipNumber());
+        try {
+            SlipNumber slipNumber = new SlipNumber(request.getSlipNumber());
+            var result = journalUseCase.cancel(slipNumber, request.getCancelReason());
+            CancelJournalResponse response = CancelJournalResponse.newBuilder()
+                .setOriginalJournal(converter.toProto(result.getOriginal()))
+                .setReversalJournal(converter.toProto(result.getReversal()))
+                .build();
+            responseObserver.onNext(response);
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (ResourceNotFoundException e) {
+            log.warn("Journal not found for cancel: {}", request.getSlipNumber());
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.NOT_FOUND
+                    .withDescription("取消対象の仕訳が見つかりません: " + request.getSlipNumber())
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error("Error canceling journal", e);
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * サーバーストリーミング RPC: 仕訳一覧取得
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void listJournals(ListJournalsRequest request,
+                             StreamObserver<com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.Journal> responseObserver) {
+        log.info("listJournals: dateFrom={}, dateTo={}",
+                 request.getDateFrom(), request.getDateTo());
+        try {
+            List<Journal> journals = journalUseCase.findAll(
+                converter.toCriteria(request)
+            );
+            // ストリーミングで仕訳を1件ずつ送信
+            for (Journal journal : journals) {
+                responseObserver.onNext(converter.toProto(journal));
+            }
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+            log.info("listJournals completed: {} items", journals.size());
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error("Error listing journals", e);
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * クライアントストリーミング RPC: 仕訳一括登録
+     */
+    @Override
+    public StreamObserver<BulkCreateJournalRequest> bulkCreateJournals(
+            StreamObserver<BulkCreateJournalResponse> responseObserver) {
+        log.info("bulkCreateJournals: started");
+        AtomicInteger successCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        AtomicInteger failureCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        List<ErrorDetail> errors = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+        List<String> createdSlipNumbers = new java.util.ArrayList<>();
+        return new StreamObserver<BulkCreateJournalRequest>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onNext(BulkCreateJournalRequest request) {
+                try {
+                    CreateJournalRequest journalRequest = request.getJournal();
+                    Journal journal = converter.toDomain(journalRequest);
+                    Journal created = journalUseCase.create(journal);
+                    successCount.incrementAndGet();
+                    createdSlipNumbers.add(created.getSlipNumber().getValue());
+                    log.debug("Created journal: {}", created.getSlipNumber().getValue());
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    failureCount.incrementAndGet();
+                    errors.add(ErrorDetail.newBuilder()
+                        .setField("journal")
+                        .setMessage(e.getMessage())
+                        .build());
+                    log.warn("Failed to create journal", e);
+                }
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void onError(Throwable t) {
+                log.error("bulkCreateJournals error", t);
+            }
+            @Override
+            public void onCompleted() {
+                BulkCreateJournalResponse response = BulkCreateJournalResponse.newBuilder()
+                    .setSuccessCount(successCount.get())
+                    .setFailureCount(failureCount.get())
+                    .addAllErrors(errors)
+                    .addAllCreatedSlipNumbers(createdSlipNumbers)
+                    .build();
+                responseObserver.onNext(response);
+                responseObserver.onCompleted();
+                log.info("bulkCreateJournals completed: success={}, failure={}",
+                         successCount.get(), failureCount.get());
+            }
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * 単項 RPC: 貸借バランスチェック
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void validateBalance(ValidateBalanceRequest request,
+                                StreamObserver<ValidateBalanceResponse> responseObserver) {
+        log.info("validateBalance");
+        try {
+            var result = journalUseCase.validateBalance(
+                converter.toDetailDomainList(request.getDetailsList())
+            );
+            ValidateBalanceResponse response = ValidateBalanceResponse.newBuilder()
+                .setIsBalanced(result.isBalanced())
+                .setTotalDebit(converter.toProtoMoney(result.getTotalDebit()))
+                .setTotalCredit(converter.toProtoMoney(result.getTotalCredit()))
+                .setDifference(converter.toProtoMoney(result.getDifference()))
+                .build();
+            responseObserver.onNext(response);
+            responseObserver.onCompleted();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error("Error validating balance", e);
+            responseObserver.onError(
+                Status.INTERNAL
+                    .withDescription("内部エラーが発生しました")
+                    .asRuntimeException()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+### 24.3 コンバーター実装
+<details>
+<summary>AccountConverter.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.converter;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.*;
+import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.*;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+/**
+ * 勘定科目ドメインモデル ⇔ Protocol Buffers 変換
+ */
+@Component
+public class AccountConverter {
+    /**
+     * ドメインモデル → Proto
+     */
+    public com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.Account toProto(Account domain) {
+        return com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.Account.newBuilder()
+            .setAccountCode(domain.getAccountCode().getValue())
+            .setAccountName(domain.getAccountName())
+            .setBsplType(toProtoBsplType(domain.getBsplType()))
+            .setDebitCreditType(toProtoDebitCreditType(domain.getDebitCreditType()))
+            .setElementType(toProtoElementType(domain.getElementType()))
+            .setAggregationType(toProtoAggregationType(domain.getAggregationType()))
+            .setParentAccountCode(nullToEmpty(domain.getParentAccountCode()))
+            .setAccountPath(nullToEmpty(domain.getAccountPath()))
+            .setDisplayOrder(domain.getDisplayOrder())
+            .setIsActive(domain.isActive())
+            .build();
+    }
+    /**
+     * CreateAccountRequest → ドメインモデル
+     */
+    public Account toDomain(CreateAccountRequest request) {
+        return Account.builder()
+            .accountCode(new AccountCode(request.getAccountCode()))
+            .accountName(request.getAccountName())
+            .bsplType(toDomainBsplType(request.getBsplType()))
+            .debitCreditType(toDomainDebitCreditType(request.getDebitCreditType()))
+            .elementType(toDomainElementType(request.getElementType()))
+            .aggregationType(toDomainAggregationType(request.getAggregationType()))
+            .parentAccountCode(emptyToNull(request.getParentAccountCode()))
+            .displayOrder(request.getDisplayOrder())
+            .isActive(true)
+            .build();
+    }
+    /**
+     * ListAccountsRequest → 検索条件
+     */
+    public AccountSearchCriteria toCriteria(ListAccountsRequest request) {
+        return AccountSearchCriteria.builder()
+            .bsplType(request.hasBsplType()
+                ? toDomainBsplType(request.getBsplType()) : null)
+            .elementType(request.hasElementType()
+                ? toDomainElementType(request.getElementType()) : null)
+            .aggregationType(request.hasAggregationType()
+                ? toDomainAggregationType(request.getAggregationType()) : null)
+            .keyword(emptyToNull(request.getKeyword()))
+            .activeOnly(request.getActiveOnly())
+            .page(request.hasPage() ? request.getPage().getPage() : 0)
+            .size(request.hasPage() ? request.getPage().getSize() : 20)
+            .build();
+    }
+    /**
+     * ツリー構造を Proto に変換
+     */
+    public List<AccountNode> toProtoTree(List<AccountTreeNode> tree) {
+        return tree.stream()
+            .map(this::toProtoNode)
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+    private AccountNode toProtoNode(AccountTreeNode node) {
+        AccountNode.Builder builder = AccountNode.newBuilder()
+            .setAccount(toProto(node.getAccount()));
+        if (node.getChildren() != null && !node.getChildren().isEmpty()) {
+            builder.addAllChildren(
+                node.getChildren().stream()
+                    .map(this::toProtoNode)
+                    .collect(Collectors.toList())
+            );
+        }
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+    // === 区分変換 ===
+    public BsplType toProtoBsplType(
+            com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.BsplType domain) {
+        return switch (domain) {
+            case BS -> BsplType.BSPL_TYPE_BS;
+            case PL -> BsplType.BSPL_TYPE_PL;
+        };
+    }
+    public com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.BsplType toDomainBsplType(
+            BsplType proto) {
+        return switch (proto) {
+            case BSPL_TYPE_BS -> com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.BsplType.BS;
+            case BSPL_TYPE_PL -> com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.BsplType.PL;
+            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown BSPL type: " + proto);
+        };
+    }
+    private DebitCreditType toProtoDebitCreditType(
+            com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.DebitCreditType domain) {
+        return switch (domain) {
+            case DEBIT -> DebitCreditType.DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_DEBIT;
+            case CREDIT -> DebitCreditType.DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_CREDIT;
+        };
+    }
+    private com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.DebitCreditType toDomainDebitCreditType(
+            DebitCreditType proto) {
+        return switch (proto) {
+            case DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_DEBIT ->
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.DebitCreditType.DEBIT;
+            case DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_CREDIT ->
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.DebitCreditType.CREDIT;
+            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown debit/credit type: " + proto);
+        };
+    }
+    private ElementType toProtoElementType(
+            com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType domain) {
+        return switch (domain) {
+            case ASSET -> ElementType.ELEMENT_TYPE_ASSET;
+            case LIABILITY -> ElementType.ELEMENT_TYPE_LIABILITY;
+            case EQUITY -> ElementType.ELEMENT_TYPE_EQUITY;
+            case REVENUE -> ElementType.ELEMENT_TYPE_REVENUE;
+            case EXPENSE -> ElementType.ELEMENT_TYPE_EXPENSE;
+        };
+    }
+    private com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType toDomainElementType(
+            ElementType proto) {
+        return switch (proto) {
+            case ELEMENT_TYPE_ASSET ->
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.ASSET;
+            case ELEMENT_TYPE_LIABILITY ->
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.LIABILITY;
+            case ELEMENT_TYPE_EQUITY ->
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.EQUITY;
+            case ELEMENT_TYPE_REVENUE ->
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.REVENUE;
+            case ELEMENT_TYPE_EXPENSE ->
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.EXPENSE;
+            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown element type: " + proto);
+        };
+    }
+    private AggregationType toProtoAggregationType(
+            com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType domain) {
+        return switch (domain) {
+            case HEADING -> AggregationType.AGGREGATION_TYPE_HEADING;
+            case SUMMARY -> AggregationType.AGGREGATION_TYPE_SUMMARY;
+            case POSTING -> AggregationType.AGGREGATION_TYPE_POSTING;
+        };
+    }
+    private com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType toDomainAggregationType(
+            AggregationType proto) {
+        return switch (proto) {
+            case AGGREGATION_TYPE_HEADING ->
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType.HEADING;
+            case AGGREGATION_TYPE_SUMMARY ->
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType.SUMMARY;
+            case AGGREGATION_TYPE_POSTING ->
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType.POSTING;
+            default -> throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown aggregation type: " + proto);
+        };
+    }
+    // === ユーティリティ ===
+    private String nullToEmpty(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value;
+    }
+    private String emptyToNull(String value) {
+        return value == null || value.isEmpty() ? null : value;
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+---
+## 第 25 章：gRPC インターセプター
+### 25.1 ログインターセプター
+<details>
+<summary>LoggingInterceptor.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.interceptor;
+import io.grpc.*;
+import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.interceptor.GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.slf4j.MDC;
+import java.util.UUID;
+/**
+ * gRPC ログインターセプター
+ */
+@GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor
+public class LoggingInterceptor implements ServerInterceptor {
+    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggingInterceptor.class);
+    @Override
+    public <ReqT, RespT> ServerCall.Listener<ReqT> interceptCall(
+            ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call,
+            Metadata headers,
+            ServerCallHandler<ReqT, RespT> next) {
+        String requestId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+        String methodName = call.getMethodDescriptor().getFullMethodName();
+        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        MDC.put("requestId", requestId);
+        log.info("gRPC Request: method={}", methodName);
+        return new ForwardingServerCallListener.SimpleForwardingServerCallListener<ReqT>(
+                next.startCall(
+                    new ForwardingServerCall.SimpleForwardingServerCall<ReqT, RespT>(call) {
+                        @Override
+                        public void close(Status status, Metadata trailers) {
+                            long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
+                            log.info("gRPC Response: method={}, status={}, duration={}ms",
+                                     methodName, status.getCode(), duration);
+                            MDC.clear();
+                            super.close(status, trailers);
+                        }
+                    },
+                    headers
+                )
+        ) {
+            @Override
+            public void onMessage(ReqT message) {
+                log.debug("gRPC Request message: {}", message);
+                super.onMessage(message);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+### 25.2 例外インターセプター
+<details>
+<summary>ExceptionInterceptor.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.interceptor;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.BusinessException;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.ResourceNotFoundException;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.ValidationException;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.exception.BalanceNotMatchException;
+import io.grpc.*;
+import net.devh.boot.grpc.server.interceptor.GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+/**
+ * gRPC 例外インターセプター
+ */
+@GrpcGlobalServerInterceptor
+public class ExceptionInterceptor implements ServerInterceptor {
+    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExceptionInterceptor.class);
+    @Override
+    public <ReqT, RespT> ServerCall.Listener<ReqT> interceptCall(
+            ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call,
+            Metadata headers,
+            ServerCallHandler<ReqT, RespT> next) {
+        return new ExceptionHandlingListener<>(
+            next.startCall(call, headers),
+            call
+        );
+    }
+    private class ExceptionHandlingListener<ReqT, RespT>
+            extends ForwardingServerCallListener.SimpleForwardingServerCallListener<ReqT> {
+        private final ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call;
+        protected ExceptionHandlingListener(
+                ServerCall.Listener<ReqT> delegate,
+                ServerCall<ReqT, RespT> call) {
+            super(delegate);
+            this.call = call;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public void onHalfClose() {
+            try {
+                super.onHalfClose();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                handleException(e);
+            }
+        }
+        private void handleException(Exception e) {
+            Status status;
+            String message;
+            if (e instanceof ResourceNotFoundException) {
+                status = Status.NOT_FOUND;
+                message = e.getMessage();
+                log.warn("Resource not found: {}", message);
+            } else if (e instanceof ValidationException) {
+                status = Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                message = e.getMessage();
+                log.warn("Validation error: {}", message);
+            } else if (e instanceof BalanceNotMatchException) {
+                status = Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION;
+                message = e.getMessage();
+                log.warn("Balance not match: {}", message);
+            } else if (e instanceof BusinessException) {
+                status = Status.FAILED_PRECONDITION;
+                message = e.getMessage();
+                log.warn("Business rule violation: {}", message);
+            } else if (e instanceof IllegalArgumentException) {
+                status = Status.INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+                message = e.getMessage();
+                log.warn("Invalid argument: {}", message);
+            } else {
+                status = Status.INTERNAL;
+                message = "内部エラーが発生しました";
+                log.error("Internal error", e);
+            }
+            call.close(status.withDescription(message), new Metadata());
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+---
+## 第 26 章：動作確認とテスト
+### 26.1 grpcurl による動作確認
+```bash
+# サーバー起動確認（リフレクションサービス経由）
+grpcurl -plaintext localhost:9090 list
+# 勘定科目サービスのメソッド一覧
+grpcurl -plaintext localhost:9090 list com.example.accounting.AccountService
+# 勘定科目取得
+grpcurl -plaintext -d '{"account_code": "1110"}' \
+  localhost:9090 com.example.accounting.AccountService/GetAccount
+# 勘定科目登録
+grpcurl -plaintext -d '{
+  "account_code": "1111",
+  "account_name": "普通預金（みずほ銀行）",
+  "bspl_type": "BSPL_TYPE_BS",
+  "debit_credit_type": "DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_DEBIT",
+  "element_type": "ELEMENT_TYPE_ASSET",
+  "aggregation_type": "AGGREGATION_TYPE_POSTING",
+  "parent_account_code": "1110",
+  "display_order": 10
+}' localhost:9090 com.example.accounting.AccountService/CreateAccount
+# 勘定科目一覧取得（ストリーミング）
+grpcurl -plaintext -d '{
+  "bspl_type": "BSPL_TYPE_BS",
+  "active_only": true
+}' localhost:9090 com.example.accounting.AccountService/ListAccounts
+# 仕訳登録
+grpcurl -plaintext -d '{
+  "journal_date": {"year": 2025, "month": 1, "day": 15},
+  "summary": "売上計上",
+  "journal_type": "JOURNAL_TYPE_NORMAL",
+  "details": [{
+    "line_number": 1,
+    "line_summary": "A社への売上",
+    "debit_credit_details": [
+      {
+        "debit_credit_type": "DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_DEBIT",
+        "account_code": "1310",
+        "amount": {"units": 110000, "currency": "JPY"}
+      },
+      {
+        "debit_credit_type": "DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_CREDIT",
+        "account_code": "4100",
+        "amount": {"units": 100000, "currency": "JPY"}
+      },
+      {
+        "debit_credit_type": "DEBIT_CREDIT_TYPE_CREDIT",
+        "account_code": "2110",
+        "amount": {"units": 10000, "currency": "JPY"}
+      }
+    ]
+  }]
+}' localhost:9090 com.example.accounting.JournalService/CreateJournal
+# ヘルスチェック
+grpcurl -plaintext localhost:9090 grpc.health.v1.Health/Check
+```
+### 26.2 統合テスト
+<details>
+<summary>GrpcAccountServiceTest.java</summary>
+```java
+package com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.service;
+import com.example.accounting.application.port.in.AccountUseCase;
+import com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.*;
+import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.converter.AccountConverter;
+import com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.*;
+import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;
+import net.devh.boot.grpc.client.inject.GrpcClient;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
+import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+@SpringBootTest(properties = {
+    "grpc.server.port=9091",
+    "grpc.server.in-process-name=test"
+})
+@ActiveProfiles("test")
+class GrpcAccountServiceTest {
+    @MockBean
+    private AccountUseCase accountUseCase;
+    @GrpcClient("inProcess")
+    private AccountServiceGrpc.AccountServiceBlockingStub blockingStub;
+    private Account sampleAccount;
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        sampleAccount = Account.builder()
+            .accountCode(new AccountCode("1110"))
+            .accountName("現金")
+            .bsplType(com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.BsplType.BS)
+            .debitCreditType(
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.DebitCreditType.DEBIT)
+            .elementType(
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.ASSET)
+            .aggregationType(
+                com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType.POSTING)
+            .isActive(true)
+            .build();
+    }
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("勘定科目取得 - 存在する科目を取得できること")
+    void getAccount_found() {
+        // Given
+        when(accountUseCase.findByCode(any(AccountCode.class)))
+            .thenReturn(Optional.of(sampleAccount));
+        GetAccountRequest request = GetAccountRequest.newBuilder()
+            .setAccountCode("1110")
+            .build();
+        // When
+        GetAccountResponse response = blockingStub.getAccount(request);
+        // Then
+        assertThat(response.getAccount().getAccountCode()).isEqualTo("1110");
+        assertThat(response.getAccount().getAccountName()).isEqualTo("現金");
+        assertThat(response.getAccount().getBsplType())
+            .isEqualTo(BsplType.BSPL_TYPE_BS);
+    }
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("勘定科目取得 - 存在しない科目は NOT_FOUND")
+    void getAccount_notFound() {
+        // Given
+        when(accountUseCase.findByCode(any(AccountCode.class)))
+            .thenReturn(Optional.empty());
+        GetAccountRequest request = GetAccountRequest.newBuilder()
+            .setAccountCode("9999")
+            .build();
+        // When & Then
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> blockingStub.getAccount(request))
+            .isInstanceOf(StatusRuntimeException.class)
+            .satisfies(e -> {
+                StatusRuntimeException sre = (StatusRuntimeException) e;
+                assertThat(sre.getStatus().getCode())
+                    .isEqualTo(io.grpc.Status.NOT_FOUND.getCode());
+            });
+    }
+    @Test
+    @DisplayName("勘定科目一覧取得 - ストリーミングで取得できること")
+    void listAccounts_streaming() {
+        // Given
+        List<Account> accounts = List.of(
+            sampleAccount,
+            Account.builder()
+                .accountCode(new AccountCode("1120"))
+                .accountName("普通預金")
+                .bsplType(com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.BsplType.BS)
+                .debitCreditType(
+                    com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.DebitCreditType.DEBIT)
+                .elementType(
+                    com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.ElementType.ASSET)
+                .aggregationType(
+                    com.example.accounting.domain.model.account.AggregationType.POSTING)
+                .isActive(true)
+                .build()
+        );
+        when(accountUseCase.findAll(any())).thenReturn(accounts);
+        ListAccountsRequest request = ListAccountsRequest.newBuilder()
+            .setBsplType(BsplType.BSPL_TYPE_BS)
+            .setActiveOnly(true)
+            .build();
+        // When
+        Iterator<com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.Account> iterator =
+            blockingStub.listAccounts(request);
+        // Then
+        int count = 0;
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            com.example.accounting.infrastructure.in.grpc.proto.Account account = iterator.next();
+            assertThat(account.getAccountCode()).matches("11\\d+");
+            count++;
+        }
+        assertThat(count).isEqualTo(2);
+    }
+}
+```
+</details>
+---
+## 第 27 章：まとめ
+### 27.1 学習した内容
+1. **gRPC の基本概念**: Protocol Buffers、HTTP/2、4 つの RPC パターン
+2. **REST/GraphQL との比較**: 用途に応じた適切な選択
+3. **ヘキサゴナルアーキテクチャとの統合**: Input Adapter として gRPC サービスを追加
+4. **技術スタック**: grpc-spring-boot-starter、Protocol Buffers
+5. **Protocol Buffers 定義**: 共通型、勘定科目、仕訳、残高のメッセージとサービス定義
+6. **gRPC サービス実装**: 単項 RPC、ストリーミング RPC
+7. **インターセプター**: ログ、例外ハンドリング
+8. **テスト**: gRPC クライアントを使用した統合テスト
+### 27.2 gRPC が適するユースケース
+| ユースケース | 理由 |
+|-------------|------|
+| 基幹システム連携 | 高性能なバイナリ通信 |
+| 大量仕訳一括登録 | クライアントストリーミング |
+| リアルタイム残高監視 | 双方向ストリーミング |
+| 月次締め進捗通知 | サーバーストリーミング |
+| マイクロサービス間通信 | 型安全な API 定義 |
+### 27.3 API アーキテクチャ選択ガイド
+```plantuml
+@startuml api_selection
+!define RECTANGLE class
+skinparam backgroundColor #FEFEFE
+start
+:API が必要;
+if (ブラウザから直接アクセス?) then (はい)
+  if (柔軟なクエリが必要?) then (はい)
+    :GraphQL;
+  else (いいえ)
+    :REST API;
+  endif
+else (いいえ)
+  if (高性能が必要?) then (はい)
+    :gRPC;
+  else (いいえ)
+    if (ストリーミングが必要?) then (はい)
+      :gRPC;
+    else (いいえ)
+      :REST API;
+    endif
+  endif
+endif
+stop
+@enduml
+```
+### 27.4 次のステップ
+- gRPC-Web による Web フロントエンド対応
+- 認証・認可（JWT トークン検証）
+- ロードバランシングとサービスメッシュ
+- Observability（メトリクス、トレーシング）