@itwin/core-geometry 5.0.0-dev.99 → 5.0.0

package/lib/esm/geometry4d/Point4d.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n/** @packageDocumentation\n * @module Numerics\n */\nimport { BeJSONFunctions, Geometry, PlaneAltitudeEvaluator } from \"../Geometry\";\nimport { Plane3d } from \"../geometry3d/Plane3d\";\nimport { Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal } from \"../geometry3d/Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal\";\nimport { Plane3dByOriginAndVectors } from \"../geometry3d/Plane3dByOriginAndVectors\";\nimport { Point2d } from \"../geometry3d/Point2dVector2d\";\nimport { Point3d, Vector3d } from \"../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d\";\nimport { Ray3d } from \"../geometry3d/Ray3d\";\nimport { XAndY, XYAndZ } from \"../geometry3d/XYZProps\";\n\n/**\n * 4d point packed in an array of 4 numbers.\n * @public\n */\nexport type Point4dProps = number[];\n/**\n *\n * @param ddg numerator second derivative\n * @param dh denominator derivative\n * @param ddh denominator second derivative\n * @param f primary function (g/h)\n * @param df derivative of (g/h)\n * @param divH = (1/h)\n * @internal\n */\nfunction quotientDerivative2(ddg: number, dh: number, ddh: number,\n  f: number, df: number, divH: number): number {\n  return divH * (ddg - 2.0 * df * dh - f * ddh);\n}\n\n/** 4 Dimensional point (x,y,z,w) used in perspective calculations.\n * * the coordinates are stored in a Float64Array of length 4.\n * * properties `x`, `y`, `z`, `w` access array members.\n * *\n * * The coordinates are physically stored as a single Float64Array with 4 entries. (w last)\n * *\n * @public\n */\nexport class Point4d extends Plane3d implements BeJSONFunctions {\n  /** x,y,z,w are packed into a Float64Array */\n  public xyzw: Float64Array;\n  /** Set x,y,z,w of this point.  */\n  public set(x: number = 0, y: number = 0, z: number = 0, w: number = 0): Point4d {\n    this.xyzw[0] = x;\n    this.xyzw[1] = y;\n    this.xyzw[2] = z;\n    this.xyzw[3] = w;\n    return this;\n  }\n  /** Set a component by index.\n   * * No change if index is out of range.\n   */\n  public setComponent(index: number, value: number) {\n    if (index >= 0 && index < 4) {\n      this.xyzw[index] = value;\n    }\n  }\n  /** The x component. */\n  public get x() { return this.xyzw[0]; }\n  public set x(val: number) { this.xyzw[0] = val; }\n  /** The y component. */\n  public get y() { return this.xyzw[1]; }\n  public set y(val: number) { this.xyzw[1] = val; }\n  /** The z component. */\n  public get z() { return this.xyzw[2]; }\n  public set z(val: number) { this.xyzw[2] = val; }\n  /** The w component of this point. */\n  public get w() { return this.xyzw[3]; }\n  public set w(val: number) { this.xyzw[3] = val; }\n  /** Construct from coordinates. */\n  protected constructor(x: number = 0, y: number = 0, z: number = 0, w: number = 0) {\n    super();\n    this.xyzw = new Float64Array(4);\n    this.xyzw[0] = x;\n    this.xyzw[1] = y;\n    this.xyzw[2] = z;\n    this.xyzw[3] = w;\n  }\n  /** Return a Point4d with specified x,y,z,w */\n  public static create(x: number = 0, y: number = 0, z: number = 0, w: number = 0, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return result ? result.set(x, y, z, w) : new Point4d(x, y, z, w);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Create a \"Point4d as a plane\" from \"any\" other [[PlaneAltitudeEvaluator]] type.\n   * @param source\n   * @returns\n   */\n  public static createPlaneFrom(source: PlaneAltitudeEvaluator): Point4d | undefined {\n    return new Point4d(source.normalX(), source.normalY(), source.normalZ(), source.altitudeXYZ(0, 0, 0));\n  }\n  /** Copy coordinates from `other`. */\n  public setFrom(other: Point4d): Point4d {\n    this.xyzw[0] = other.xyzw[0];\n    this.xyzw[1] = other.xyzw[1];\n    this.xyzw[2] = other.xyzw[2];\n    this.xyzw[3] = other.xyzw[3];\n    return this;\n  }\n  /** Clone this point */\n  public clone(result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return result ? result.setFrom(this) : new Point4d(this.xyzw[0], this.xyzw[1], this.xyzw[2], this.xyzw[3]);\n  }\n  /** Set this point's xyzw from a json array `[x,y,z,w]` */\n  public setFromJSON(json?: Point4dProps) {\n    if (Geometry.isNumberArray(json, 4))\n      this.set(json[0], json[1], json[2], json[3]);\n    else\n      this.set(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  }\n\n  /** Create a new point with coordinates from a json array `[x,y,z,w]` */\n  public static fromJSON(json?: Point4dProps): Point4d {\n    const result = new Point4d();\n    result.setFromJSON(json);\n    return result;\n  }\n  /** Near-equality test, using `Geometry.isSameCoordinate` on all 4 x,y,z,w */\n  public isAlmostEqual(other: Point4d): boolean {\n    return Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.x, other.x)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.y, other.y)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.z, other.z)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.w, other.w);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Test for same coordinate by direct x,y,z,w args\n   * @param x x to test\n   * @param y y to test\n   * @param z z to test\n   * @param w w to test\n   */\n  public isAlmostEqualXYZW(x: number, y: number, z: number, w: number): boolean {\n    return Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.x, x)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.y, y)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.z, z)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.w, w);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Convert an Angle to a JSON object.\n   * @return {*} [x,y,z,w]\n   */\n  public toJSON(): Point4dProps {\n    return [this.xyzw[0], this.xyzw[1], this.xyzw[2], this.xyzw[3]];\n  }\n  /** Return the 4d distance from this point to other, with all 4 components squared into the hypotenuse.\n   * * x,y,z,w all participate without normalization.\n   */\n  public distanceXYZW(other: Point4d): number {\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseXYZW(other.xyzw[0] - this.xyzw[0], other.xyzw[1] - this.xyzw[1], other.xyzw[2] - this.xyzw[2], other.xyzw[3] - this.xyzw[3]);\n  }\n  /** Return the squared 4d distance from this point to other, with all 4 components squared into the hypotenuse.\n   * * x,y,z,w all participate without normalization.\n   */\n  public distanceSquaredXYZW(other: Point4d): number {\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseSquaredXYZW(other.xyzw[0] - this.xyzw[0], other.xyzw[1] - this.xyzw[1], other.xyzw[2] - this.xyzw[2], other.xyzw[3] - this.xyzw[3]);\n  }\n  /** Return the distance between the instance and other after normalizing by weights\n   */\n  public realDistanceXY(other: Point4d): number | undefined {\n    const wA = this.w;\n    const wB = other.w;\n    if (Geometry.isSmallMetricDistance(wA) || Geometry.isSmallMetricDistance(wB))\n      return undefined;\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseXY(other.xyzw[0] / wB - this.xyzw[0] / wA, other.xyzw[1] / wB - this.xyzw[1] / wA);\n  }\n  /** Return the largest absolute distance between corresponding components\n   * * x,y,z,w all participate without normalization.\n   */\n  public maxDiff(other: Point4d): number {\n    return Math.max(Math.abs(other.xyzw[0] - this.xyzw[0]), Math.abs(other.xyzw[1] - this.xyzw[1]), Math.abs(other.xyzw[2] - this.xyzw[2]), Math.abs(other.xyzw[3] - this.xyzw[3]));\n  }\n  /** Return the largest absolute entry of all 4 components x,y,z,w */\n  public maxAbs(): number {\n    return Math.max(Math.abs(this.xyzw[0]), Math.abs(this.xyzw[1]), Math.abs(this.xyzw[2]), Math.abs(this.xyzw[3]));\n  }\n  /** Returns the magnitude including all 4 components x,y,z,w */\n  public magnitudeXYZW(): number {\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseXYZW(this.xyzw[0], this.xyzw[1], this.xyzw[2], this.xyzw[3]);\n  }\n  /** Returns the magnitude of the leading xyz components.  w is ignored.  (i.e. the leading xyz are NOT divided by w.) */\n  public magnitudeSquaredXYZ(): number {\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseSquaredXYZ(this.xyzw[0], this.xyzw[1], this.xyzw[2]);\n  }\n\n  /** Return the difference (this-other) using all 4 components x,y,z,w */\n  public minus(other: Point4d, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(this.xyzw[0] - other.xyzw[0], this.xyzw[1] - other.xyzw[1], this.xyzw[2] - other.xyzw[2], this.xyzw[3] - other.xyzw[3], result);\n  }\n  /** Return `((other.w * this) -  (this.w * other))` */\n  public crossWeightedMinus(other: Point4d, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d {\n    const wa = this.xyzw[3];\n    const wb = other.xyzw[3];\n    return Vector3d.create(wb * this.xyzw[0] - wa * other.xyzw[0], wb * this.xyzw[1] - wa * other.xyzw[1], wb * this.xyzw[2] - wa * other.xyzw[2], result);\n  }\n  /** Return `((other.w * this) -  (this.w * other))`, with other.w known to be 1 */\n  public crossWeightedMinusPoint3d(other: Point3d, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d {\n    const wa = this.xyzw[3];\n    return Vector3d.create(this.xyzw[0] - wa * other.x, this.xyzw[1] - wa * other.y, this.xyzw[2] - wa * other.z, result);\n  }\n  /** Return the sum of this and other, using all 4 components x,y,z,w */\n  public plus(other: Point4d, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(this.xyzw[0] + other.xyzw[0], this.xyzw[1] + other.xyzw[1], this.xyzw[2] + other.xyzw[2], this.xyzw[3] + other.xyzw[3], result);\n  }\n  /** Test if all components are nearly zero. */\n  public get isAlmostZero(): boolean {\n    return Geometry.isSmallMetricDistance(this.maxAbs());\n  }\n  /** Create a point with zero in all coordinates. */\n  public static createZero(): Point4d { return new Point4d(0, 0, 0, 0); }\n  /**\n   * Create plane coefficients for the plane containing pointA, pointB, and 0010.\n   * @param pointA first point\n   * @param pointB second point\n   */\n  public static createPlanePointPointZ(pointA: Point4d, pointB: Point4d, result?: Point4d) {\n    return Point4d.create(pointA.y * pointB.w - pointA.w * pointB.y, pointA.w * pointB.x - pointA.x * pointB.w, 0.0, pointA.x * pointB.y - pointA.y * pointB.x, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * extract 3 consecutive numbers from a Float64Array into the xyz values of a Point4d with w = 1.\n   * @param data buffer of numbers\n   * @param xIndex first index for x,y,z sequence\n   */\n  public static createFromPackedXYZ(data: Float64Array, xIndex: number = 0, result?: Point4d): Point4d | undefined {\n    if (xIndex >= 0 && xIndex + 2 < data.length)\n      return Point4d.create(data[xIndex], data[xIndex + 1], data[xIndex + 2], 1.0, result);\n    return undefined;\n  }\n  /**\n   * extract 4 consecutive numbers from a Float64Array into a Point4d.\n   * @param data buffer of numbers\n   * @param xIndex first index for x,y,z,w sequence\n   */\n  public static createFromPacked(data: Float64Array, xIndex: number = 0, result?: Point4d): Point4d | undefined {\n    if (xIndex >= 0 && xIndex + 3 < data.length)\n      return Point4d.create(data[xIndex], data[xIndex + 1], data[xIndex + 2], data[xIndex + 3], result);\n    return undefined;\n  }\n  /**\n   * extract 4 consecutive numbers from a Float64Array into a Point4d.\n   * @param data buffer of numbers\n   * @param xIndex first index for x,y,z,w sequence. Assumed to be a valid index!\n   * @deprecated in 4.x. Use createFromPacked instead.\n   */\n  public static createFromPackedXYZW(data: Float64Array, xIndex: number = 0, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(data[xIndex], data[xIndex + 1], data[xIndex + 2], data[xIndex + 3], result);\n  }\n  /** Create a `Point4d` with x,y,z from an `XYAndZ` input, and w from a separate number. */\n  public static createFromPointAndWeight(xyz: XYAndZ, w: number): Point4d {\n    return new Point4d(xyz.x, xyz.y, xyz.z, w);\n  }\n  /** Create a `Point4d` from\n   * * Point2d, Point3d, or Point4d\n   * * other structure with members x,y and optional z,w\n   * * array of numbers\n   * * default z is 0.0\n   * * default w is 1.0  (array[3] can replace)\n   */\n  public static createFromPoint(point: XAndY | XYAndZ | Point4d | number[]): Point4d {\n    if (point instanceof Point2d)\n      return new Point4d(point.x, point.y, 0, 1);\n    if (point instanceof Point3d)\n      return new Point4d(point.x, point.y, point.z, 1);\n    if (point instanceof Point4d)\n      return point.clone();\n    // hm ... some flavor of x,y,z subset ...\n    if (Array.isArray(point)) {\n      const x1 = point.length > 0 ? point[0] : 0.0;\n      const y1 = point.length > 1 ? point[1] : 0.0;\n      const z1 = point.length > 2 ? point[2] : 0.0;\n      const w1 = point.length > 3 ? point[3] : 1.0;\n      return new Point4d(x1, y1, z1, w1);\n    }\n    const x = point.x;\n    const y = point.y;\n    const z = point.hasOwnProperty(\"z\") ? (point as any).z : 0.0;\n    const w = point.hasOwnProperty(\"w\") ? (point as any).w : 1.0;\n    return new Point4d(x, y, z, w);\n\n  }\n  /** Return `point + vector * scalar` */\n  public plusScaled(vector: Point4d, scaleFactor: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(this.xyzw[0] + vector.xyzw[0] * scaleFactor, this.xyzw[1] + vector.xyzw[1] * scaleFactor, this.xyzw[2] + vector.xyzw[2] * scaleFactor, this.xyzw[3] + vector.xyzw[3] * scaleFactor, result);\n  }\n  /** Return interpolation between instance and pointB at fraction\n   */\n  public interpolate(fraction: number, pointB: Point4d, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    const v = 1.0 - fraction;\n    return Point4d.create(this.xyzw[0] * v + pointB.xyzw[0] * fraction, this.xyzw[1] * v + pointB.xyzw[1] * fraction, this.xyzw[2] * v + pointB.xyzw[2] * fraction, this.xyzw[3] * v + pointB.xyzw[3] * fraction, result);\n  }\n  /** Return `point + vectorA * scalarA + vectorB * scalarB` */\n  public plus2Scaled(vectorA: Point4d, scalarA: number, vectorB: Point4d, scalarB: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(this.xyzw[0] + vectorA.xyzw[0] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[0] * scalarB, this.xyzw[1] + vectorA.xyzw[1] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[1] * scalarB, this.xyzw[2] + vectorA.xyzw[2] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[2] * scalarB, this.xyzw[3] + vectorA.xyzw[3] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[3] * scalarB, result);\n  }\n  /** Return `point + vectorA * scalarA + vectorB * scalarB + vectorC * scalarC` */\n  public plus3Scaled(vectorA: Point4d, scalarA: number, vectorB: Point4d, scalarB: number, vectorC: Point4d, scalarC: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(this.xyzw[0] + vectorA.xyzw[0] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[0] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[0] * scalarC, this.xyzw[1] + vectorA.xyzw[1] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[1] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[1] * scalarC, this.xyzw[2] + vectorA.xyzw[2] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[2] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[2] * scalarC, this.xyzw[3] + vectorA.xyzw[3] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[3] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[3] * scalarC, result);\n  }\n  /** Return `point + vectorA * scalarA + vectorB * scalarB` */\n  public static createAdd2Scaled(vectorA: Point4d, scalarA: number, vectorB: Point4d, scalarB: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(vectorA.xyzw[0] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[0] * scalarB, vectorA.xyzw[1] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[1] * scalarB, vectorA.xyzw[2] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[2] * scalarB, vectorA.xyzw[3] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[3] * scalarB, result);\n  }\n  /** Return `point + vectorA \\ scalarA + vectorB * scalarB + vectorC * scalarC` */\n  public static createAdd3Scaled(vectorA: Point4d, scalarA: number, vectorB: Point4d, scalarB: number, vectorC: Point4d, scalarC: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(vectorA.xyzw[0] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[0] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[0] * scalarC, vectorA.xyzw[1] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[1] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[1] * scalarC, vectorA.xyzw[2] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[2] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[2] * scalarC, vectorA.xyzw[3] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[3] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[3] * scalarC, result);\n  }\n  /** Return dot product of (4d) vectors from the instance to targetA and targetB */\n  public dotVectorsToTargets(targetA: Point4d, targetB: Point4d): number {\n    return (targetA.xyzw[0] - this.xyzw[0]) * (targetB.xyzw[0] - this.xyzw[0]) +\n      (targetA.xyzw[1] - this.xyzw[1]) * (targetB.xyzw[1] - this.xyzw[1]) +\n      (targetA.xyzw[2] - this.xyzw[2]) * (targetB.xyzw[2] - this.xyzw[2]) +\n      (targetA.xyzw[3] - this.xyzw[3]) * (targetB.xyzw[3] - this.xyzw[3]);\n  }\n  /** return (4d) dot product of the instance and other point. */\n  public dotProduct(other: Point4d): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * other.xyzw[0] + this.xyzw[1] * other.xyzw[1] + this.xyzw[2] * other.xyzw[2] + this.xyzw[3] * other.xyzw[3];\n  }\n  /** return (4d) dot product of the instance with xyzw */\n  public dotProductXYZW(x: number, y: number, z: number, w: number): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * x + this.xyzw[1] * y + this.xyzw[2] * z + this.xyzw[3] * w;\n  }\n  /** dotProduct with (point.x, point.y, point.z, 1) Used in PlaneAltitudeEvaluator interface */\n  public altitude(point: Point3d): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * point.x + this.xyzw[1] * point.y + this.xyzw[2] * point.z + this.xyzw[3];\n  }\n  /** dotProduct with (x, y, z, 1) Used in PlaneAltitudeEvaluator interface */\n  public altitudeXYZ(x: number, y: number, z: number): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * x + this.xyzw[1] * y + this.xyzw[2] * z + this.xyzw[3];\n  }\n  /** dotProduct with (point.x, point.y, point.z, point.w) Used in PlaneAltitudeEvaluator interface */\n  public weightedAltitude(point: Point4d): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * point.x + this.xyzw[1] * point.y + this.xyzw[2] * point.z + this.xyzw[3] * point.w;\n  }\n  /** dotProduct with (vector.x, vector.y, vector.z, 0).  Used in PlaneAltitudeEvaluator interface */\n  public velocity(vector: Vector3d): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * vector.x + this.xyzw[1] * vector.y + this.xyzw[2] * vector.z;\n  }\n  /** dotProduct with (x,y,z, 0).  Used in PlaneAltitudeEvaluator interface */\n  public velocityXYZ(x: number, y: number, z: number): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * x + this.xyzw[1] * y + this.xyzw[2] * z;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the x component of the normal used to evaluate altitude.\n   */\n  public normalX(): number { return this.x; }\n  /**\n  * Return the x component of the normal used to evaluate altitude.\n  */\n  public normalY(): number { return this.y; }\n  /**\n  * Return the z component of the normal used to evaluate altitude.\n  */\n  public normalZ(): number { return this.z; }\n\n  /** unit X vector */\n  public static unitX(): Point4d { return new Point4d(1, 0, 0, 0); }\n  /** unit Y vector */\n  public static unitY(): Point4d { return new Point4d(0, 1, 0, 0); }\n  /** unit Z vector */\n  public static unitZ(): Point4d { return new Point4d(0, 0, 1, 0); }\n  /** unit W vector */\n  public static unitW(): Point4d { return new Point4d(0, 0, 0, 1); }\n  /** Divide by denominator, but return undefined if denominator is zero. */\n  public safeDivideOrNull(denominator: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d | undefined {\n    if (denominator !== 0.0) {\n      return this.scale(1.0 / denominator, result);\n    }\n    return undefined;\n  }\n  /**\n   * * Return xyz projection of spacePoint to the plane (this Point4d is understood as plane coefficients, not point coordinates)\n   * * If the xyz part of `this` are all zero, (a clone of) `spacePoint` is returned.\n   */\n  public projectPointToPlane(spacePoint: Point3d, result?: Point3d): Point3d {\n    const h = this.altitude(spacePoint);\n    const nn = this.magnitudeSquaredXYZ();\n    // this unusual tol is needed so that toPlane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal agrees with its original implementation\n    const alpha = Geometry.conditionalDivideCoordinate(-h, nn, Geometry.largeFractionResult * Geometry.largeFractionResult);\n    if (alpha === undefined)\n      return spacePoint.clone(result);\n    return spacePoint.plusXYZ(alpha * this.x, alpha * this.y, alpha * this.z, result);\n  }\n  /** scale all components (including w!!) */\n  public scale(scale: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    result = result ? result : new Point4d();\n    result.xyzw[0] = this.xyzw[0] * scale;\n    result.xyzw[1] = this.xyzw[1] * scale;\n    result.xyzw[2] = this.xyzw[2] * scale;\n    result.xyzw[3] = this.xyzw[3] * scale;\n    return result;\n  }\n  /** Negate components (including w!!) */\n  public negate(result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    result = result ? result : new Point4d();\n    result.xyzw[0] = -this.xyzw[0];\n    result.xyzw[1] = -this.xyzw[1];\n    result.xyzw[2] = -this.xyzw[2];\n    result.xyzw[3] = -this.xyzw[3];\n    return result;\n  }\n  /**\n   * If `this.w` is nonzero, return a 4d point `(x/w,y/w,z/w, 1)`\n   * If `this.w` is zero, return undefined.\n   * @param result optional result\n   */\n  public normalizeWeight(result?: Point4d): Point4d | undefined {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(this.xyzw[3]);\n    result = result ? result : new Point4d();\n    return this.safeDivideOrNull(mag, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * If `this.w` is nonzero, return a 3d point `(x/w,y/w,z/w)`\n   * If `this.w` is zero, return undefined.\n   * @param result optional result\n   */\n  public realPoint(result?: Point3d): Point3d | undefined {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(this.xyzw[3]);\n    if (mag === 0.0)\n      return undefined;\n    const a = 1.0 / mag; // in zero case everything multiplies right back to true zero.\n    return Point3d.create(this.xyzw[0] * a, this.xyzw[1] * a, this.xyzw[2] * a, result);\n  }\n\n  /** Convert the homogeneous point to a (strongly typed) point or vector.\n   * * If `this.w` is nonzero, return a Point3d `(x/w,y/w,z/w)`\n   * * If `this.w` is zero, return a Vector3d `(x,y,z)`\n   */\n  public realPointOrVector(): Point3d | Vector3d {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(this.xyzw[3]);\n    if (mag === 0.0)\n      return Vector3d.create(this.x, this.y, this.z);\n    const a = 1.0 / mag; // in zero case everything multiplies right back to true zero.\n    return Point3d.create(this.x * a, this.y * a, this.z * a);\n  }\n  /**\n   * * If w is nonzero, return Point3d with x/w,y/w,z/w.\n   * * If w is zero, return 000\n   * @param x x coordinate\n   * @param y y coordinate\n   * @param z z coordinate\n   * @param w w coordinate\n   * @param result optional result\n   */\n  public static createRealPoint3dDefault000(x: number, y: number, z: number, w: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(w);\n    const a = mag === 0 ? 0.0 : (1.0 / mag); // in zero case everything multiplies right back to true zero.\n    return Point3d.create(x * a, y * a, z * a, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * * If w is nonzero, return Vector3d which is the derivative of the projected xyz with given w and 4d derivatives.\n   * * If w is zero, return 000\n   * @param x x coordinate\n   * @param y y coordinate\n   * @param z z coordinate\n   * @param w w coordinate\n   * @param dx x coordinate of derivative\n   * @param dy y coordinate of derivative\n   * @param dz z coordinate of derivative\n   * @param dw w coordinate of derivative\n   * @param result optional result\n   */\n  public static createRealDerivativeRay3dDefault000(x: number, y: number, z: number, w: number, dx: number, dy: number, dz: number, dw: number, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(w);\n    // real point is X/w.\n    // real derivative is (X' * w - X *w) / ww, and weight is always 0 by cross products.\n    const a = mag === 0 ? 0.0 : (1.0 / mag); // in zero case everything multiplies right back to true zero.\n    const aa = a * a;\n    return Ray3d.createXYZUVW(x * a, y * a, z * a, (dx * w - dw * x) * aa, (dy * w - dw * y) * aa, (dz * w - dw * z) * aa, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * * If w is nonzero, return Vector3d which is the derivative of the projected xyz with given w and 4d derivatives.\n   * * If w is zero, return 000\n   * @param x x coordinate\n   * @param y y coordinate\n   * @param z z coordinate\n   * @param w w coordinate\n   * @param dx x coordinate of derivative\n   * @param dy y coordinate of derivative\n   * @param dz z coordinate of derivative\n   * @param dw w coordinate of derivative\n   * @param result optional result\n   */\n  public static createRealDerivativePlane3dByOriginAndVectorsDefault000(x: number, y: number, z: number, w: number, dx: number, dy: number, dz: number, dw: number, ddx: number, ddy: number, ddz: number, ddw: number, result?: Plane3dByOriginAndVectors): Plane3dByOriginAndVectors {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(w);\n    // real point is X/w.\n    // real derivative is (X' * w - X *w) / ww, and weight is always 0 by cross products.\n    const a = mag === 0 ? 0.0 : (1.0 / mag); // in zero case everything multiplies right back to true zero.\n    const aa = a * a;\n    const fx = x * a;\n    const fy = y * a;\n    const fz = z * a;\n    const dfx = (dx * w - dw * x) * aa;\n    const dfy = (dy * w - dw * y) * aa;\n    const dfz = (dz * w - dw * z) * aa;\n    return Plane3dByOriginAndVectors.createOriginAndVectorsXYZ(fx, fy, fz, dfx, dfy, dfz, quotientDerivative2(ddx, dw, ddw, fx, dfx, a), quotientDerivative2(ddy, dw, ddw, fy, dfy, a), quotientDerivative2(ddz, dw, ddw, fz, dfz, a), result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * * If this.w is nonzero, return Point3d with x/w,y/w,z/w.\n   * * If this.w is zero, return 000\n   */\n  public realPointDefault000(result?: Point3d): Point3d {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(this.xyzw[3]);\n    if (mag === 0.0)\n      return Point3d.create(0, 0, 0, result);\n    result = result ? result : new Point3d();\n    const a = 1.0 / mag;\n    return Point3d.create(this.xyzw[0] * a, this.xyzw[1] * a, this.xyzw[2] * a, result);\n  }\n  /** divide all components (x,y,z,w) by the 4d magnitude.\n   *\n   * * This is appropriate for normalizing a quaternion\n   * * Use normalizeWeight to divide by the w component.\n   */\n  public normalizeXYZW(result?: Point4d): Point4d | undefined {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(this.magnitudeXYZW());\n    result = result ? result : new Point4d();\n    return this.safeDivideOrNull(mag, result);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Return the determinant of the 3x3 matrix using components i,j,k of the 3 inputs.\n   */\n  public static determinantIndexed3X3(pointA: Point4d, pointB: Point4d, pointC: Point4d, i: number, j: number, k: number) {\n    return Geometry.tripleProduct(\n      pointA.xyzw[i], pointA.xyzw[j], pointA.xyzw[k],\n      pointB.xyzw[i], pointB.xyzw[j], pointB.xyzw[k],\n      pointC.xyzw[i], pointC.xyzw[j], pointC.xyzw[k]);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return a Point4d perpendicular to all 3 inputs. (A higher level cross product concept)\n   * @param pointA first point\n   * @param pointB second point\n   * @param pointC third point\n   */\n  public static perpendicularPoint4dPlane(pointA: Point4d, pointB: Point4d, pointC: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(\n      Point4d.determinantIndexed3X3(pointA, pointB, pointC, 1, 2, 3),\n      -Point4d.determinantIndexed3X3(pointA, pointB, pointC, 2, 3, 0),\n      Point4d.determinantIndexed3X3(pointA, pointB, pointC, 3, 0, 1),\n      -Point4d.determinantIndexed3X3(pointA, pointB, pointC, 0, 1, 2));\n  }\n  /** Treating this Point4d as plane coefficients, convert to origin and normal form. */\n  public toPlane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal(result?: Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal): Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal | undefined {\n    return Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal.createFrom(this, result);\n  }\n  /** Normalize so sum of squares of all 4 coordinates is 1. */\n  public normalizeQuaternion() {\n    const magnitude = Math.sqrt(this.x * this.x + this.y * this.y + this.z * this.z + this.w * this.w);\n\n    if (magnitude > 0.0) {\n      const f = 1.0 / magnitude;\n      this.x *= f;\n      this.y *= f;\n      this.z *= f;\n      this.w *= f;\n    }\n    return magnitude;\n  }\n  /** Return a (normalized) quaternion interpolated between two quaternions. */\n  public static interpolateQuaternions(quaternion0: Point4d, fractionParameter: number, quaternion1: Point4d, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    if (!result)\n      result = new Point4d();\n    const maxSafeCosine = 0.9995;\n\n    // return exact quaternions for special values\n    if (0.0 === fractionParameter) {\n      result = quaternion0;\n      return result;\n    }\n    if (1.0 === fractionParameter) {\n      result = quaternion1;\n      return result;\n    }\n    if (0.5 === fractionParameter) {\n      quaternion0.plus(quaternion1, result);\n      result.normalizeQuaternion();\n      return result;\n    }\n\n    const q0 = quaternion0.clone();\n    const q1 = quaternion1.clone();\n    let dot = quaternion0.dotProduct(quaternion1);\n\n    // prevent interpolation through the longer great arc\n    if (dot < 0.0) {\n      q1.negate(q1);\n      dot = -dot;\n    }\n\n    // if nearly parallel, use interpolate and renormalize .\n    if (dot > maxSafeCosine) {\n      q0.interpolate(fractionParameter, q1, result);\n      result.normalizeQuaternion();\n      return result;\n    }\n\n    // safety check\n    if (dot < -1.0)\n      dot = -1.0;\n    else if (dot > 1.0)\n      dot = 1.0;\n\n    // create orthonormal basis {q0, q2}\n    const q2 = new Point4d();\n    q1.plusScaled(q0, -dot, q2);  //  bsiDPoint4d_addScaledDPoint4d(& q2, & q1, & q0, -dot);\n    q2.normalizeQuaternion();\n\n    const angle = Math.acos(dot);\n    const angleOfInterpolation = angle * fractionParameter;\n    result = Point4d.createAdd2Scaled(q0, Math.cos(angleOfInterpolation), q2, Math.sin(angleOfInterpolation));\n    return result;\n  }\n  /** Measure the \"angle\" between two points, using all 4 components in the dot product that\n   * gives the cosine of the angle.\n   */\n  public radiansToPoint4dXYZW(other: Point4d): number | undefined {\n    const magA = this.magnitudeXYZW();\n    const magB = other.magnitudeXYZW();\n    const dot = this.dotProduct(other);  // == cos (theta) * magA * magB\n    const cos = Geometry.conditionalDivideFraction(dot, magA * magB);\n    if (cos === undefined)\n      return undefined;\n    return Math.acos(cos);\n  }\n}\n"]}
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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n/** @packageDocumentation\n * @module Numerics\n */\nimport { BeJSONFunctions, Geometry, PlaneAltitudeEvaluator } from \"../Geometry\";\nimport { Plane3d } from \"../geometry3d/Plane3d\";\nimport { Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal } from \"../geometry3d/Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal\";\nimport { Plane3dByOriginAndVectors } from \"../geometry3d/Plane3dByOriginAndVectors\";\nimport { Point2d } from \"../geometry3d/Point2dVector2d\";\nimport { Point3d, Vector3d } from \"../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d\";\nimport { Ray3d } from \"../geometry3d/Ray3d\";\nimport { XAndY, XYAndZ } from \"../geometry3d/XYZProps\";\n\n/**\n * 4d point packed in an array of 4 numbers.\n * @public\n */\nexport type Point4dProps = number[];\n/**\n *\n * @param ddg numerator second derivative\n * @param dh denominator derivative\n * @param ddh denominator second derivative\n * @param f primary function (g/h)\n * @param df derivative of (g/h)\n * @param divH = (1/h)\n * @internal\n */\nfunction quotientDerivative2(ddg: number, dh: number, ddh: number,\n  f: number, df: number, divH: number): number {\n  return divH * (ddg - 2.0 * df * dh - f * ddh);\n}\n\n/** 4 Dimensional point (x,y,z,w) used in perspective calculations.\n * * the coordinates are stored in a Float64Array of length 4.\n * * properties `x`, `y`, `z`, `w` access array members.\n * *\n * * The coordinates are physically stored as a single Float64Array with 4 entries. (w last)\n * *\n * @public\n */\nexport class Point4d extends Plane3d implements BeJSONFunctions {\n  /** x,y,z,w are packed into a Float64Array */\n  public xyzw: Float64Array;\n  /** Set x,y,z,w of this point.  */\n  public set(x: number = 0, y: number = 0, z: number = 0, w: number = 0): Point4d {\n    this.xyzw[0] = x;\n    this.xyzw[1] = y;\n    this.xyzw[2] = z;\n    this.xyzw[3] = w;\n    return this;\n  }\n  /** Set a component by index.\n   * * No change if index is out of range.\n   */\n  public setComponent(index: number, value: number) {\n    if (index >= 0 && index < 4) {\n      this.xyzw[index] = value;\n    }\n  }\n  /** The x component. */\n  public get x() { return this.xyzw[0]; }\n  public set x(val: number) { this.xyzw[0] = val; }\n  /** The y component. */\n  public get y() { return this.xyzw[1]; }\n  public set y(val: number) { this.xyzw[1] = val; }\n  /** The z component. */\n  public get z() { return this.xyzw[2]; }\n  public set z(val: number) { this.xyzw[2] = val; }\n  /** The w component of this point. */\n  public get w() { return this.xyzw[3]; }\n  public set w(val: number) { this.xyzw[3] = val; }\n  /** Construct from coordinates. */\n  protected constructor(x: number = 0, y: number = 0, z: number = 0, w: number = 0) {\n    super();\n    this.xyzw = new Float64Array(4);\n    this.xyzw[0] = x;\n    this.xyzw[1] = y;\n    this.xyzw[2] = z;\n    this.xyzw[3] = w;\n  }\n  /** Return a Point4d with specified x,y,z,w */\n  public static create(x: number = 0, y: number = 0, z: number = 0, w: number = 0, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return result ? result.set(x, y, z, w) : new Point4d(x, y, z, w);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Create a \"Point4d as a plane\" from \"any\" other [[PlaneAltitudeEvaluator]] type.\n   * @param source\n   * @returns\n   */\n  public static createPlaneFrom(source: PlaneAltitudeEvaluator): Point4d | undefined {\n    return new Point4d(source.normalX(), source.normalY(), source.normalZ(), source.altitudeXYZ(0, 0, 0));\n  }\n  /** Copy coordinates from `other`. */\n  public setFrom(other: Point4d): Point4d {\n    this.xyzw[0] = other.xyzw[0];\n    this.xyzw[1] = other.xyzw[1];\n    this.xyzw[2] = other.xyzw[2];\n    this.xyzw[3] = other.xyzw[3];\n    return this;\n  }\n  /** Clone this point */\n  public clone(result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return result ? result.setFrom(this) : new Point4d(this.xyzw[0], this.xyzw[1], this.xyzw[2], this.xyzw[3]);\n  }\n  /** Set this point's xyzw from a json array `[x,y,z,w]` */\n  public setFromJSON(json?: Point4dProps) {\n    if (Geometry.isNumberArray(json, 4))\n      this.set(json[0], json[1], json[2], json[3]);\n    else\n      this.set(0, 0, 0, 0);\n  }\n\n  /** Create a new point with coordinates from a json array `[x,y,z,w]` */\n  public static fromJSON(json?: Point4dProps): Point4d {\n    const result = new Point4d();\n    result.setFromJSON(json);\n    return result;\n  }\n  /** Near-equality test, using `Geometry.isSameCoordinate` on all 4 x,y,z,w */\n  public isAlmostEqual(other: Point4d, tolerance: number = Geometry.smallMetricDistance): boolean {\n    return Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.x, other.x, tolerance)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.y, other.y, tolerance)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.z, other.z, tolerance)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.w, other.w, tolerance);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Test for same coordinate by direct x,y,z,w args\n   * @param x x to test\n   * @param y y to test\n   * @param z z to test\n   * @param w w to test\n   */\n  public isAlmostEqualXYZW(x: number, y: number, z: number, w: number, tolerance: number = Geometry.smallMetricDistance): boolean {\n    return Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.x, x, tolerance)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.y, y, tolerance)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.z, z, tolerance)\n      && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this.w, w, tolerance);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Convert an Angle to a JSON object.\n   * @return {*} [x,y,z,w]\n   */\n  public toJSON(): Point4dProps {\n    return [this.xyzw[0], this.xyzw[1], this.xyzw[2], this.xyzw[3]];\n  }\n  /** Return the 4d distance from this point to other, with all 4 components squared into the hypotenuse.\n   * * x,y,z,w all participate without normalization.\n   */\n  public distanceXYZW(other: Point4d): number {\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseXYZW(other.xyzw[0] - this.xyzw[0], other.xyzw[1] - this.xyzw[1], other.xyzw[2] - this.xyzw[2], other.xyzw[3] - this.xyzw[3]);\n  }\n  /** Return the squared 4d distance from this point to other, with all 4 components squared into the hypotenuse.\n   * * x,y,z,w all participate without normalization.\n   */\n  public distanceSquaredXYZW(other: Point4d): number {\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseSquaredXYZW(other.xyzw[0] - this.xyzw[0], other.xyzw[1] - this.xyzw[1], other.xyzw[2] - this.xyzw[2], other.xyzw[3] - this.xyzw[3]);\n  }\n  /** Return the xy distance between the instance and `other` after normalizing by weights */\n  public realDistanceXY(other: Point4d): number | undefined {\n    const wA = this.w;\n    const wB = other.w;\n    if (Geometry.isSmallMetricDistance(wA) || Geometry.isSmallMetricDistance(wB))\n      return undefined;\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseXY(other.xyzw[0] / wB - this.xyzw[0] / wA, other.xyzw[1] / wB - this.xyzw[1] / wA);\n  }\n  /** Return the xy squared distance between the instance and `other` after normalizing by weights */\n  public realDistanceSquaredXY(other: Point4d): number | undefined {\n    const wA = this.w;\n    const wB = other.w;\n    if (Geometry.isSmallMetricDistance(wA) || Geometry.isSmallMetricDistance(wB))\n      return undefined;\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseSquaredXY(other.xyzw[0] / wB - this.xyzw[0] / wA, other.xyzw[1] / wB - this.xyzw[1] / wA);\n  }\n  /** Return the largest absolute distance between corresponding components\n   * * x,y,z,w all participate without normalization.\n   */\n  public maxDiff(other: Point4d): number {\n    return Math.max(Math.abs(other.xyzw[0] - this.xyzw[0]), Math.abs(other.xyzw[1] - this.xyzw[1]), Math.abs(other.xyzw[2] - this.xyzw[2]), Math.abs(other.xyzw[3] - this.xyzw[3]));\n  }\n  /** Return the largest absolute entry of all 4 components x,y,z,w */\n  public maxAbs(): number {\n    return Math.max(Math.abs(this.xyzw[0]), Math.abs(this.xyzw[1]), Math.abs(this.xyzw[2]), Math.abs(this.xyzw[3]));\n  }\n  /** Returns the magnitude including all 4 components x,y,z,w */\n  public magnitudeXYZW(): number {\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseXYZW(this.xyzw[0], this.xyzw[1], this.xyzw[2], this.xyzw[3]);\n  }\n  /** Returns the magnitude of the leading xyz components.  w is ignored.  (i.e. the leading xyz are NOT divided by w.) */\n  public magnitudeSquaredXYZ(): number {\n    return Geometry.hypotenuseSquaredXYZ(this.xyzw[0], this.xyzw[1], this.xyzw[2]);\n  }\n\n  /** Return the difference (this-other) using all 4 components x,y,z,w */\n  public minus(other: Point4d, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(this.xyzw[0] - other.xyzw[0], this.xyzw[1] - other.xyzw[1], this.xyzw[2] - other.xyzw[2], this.xyzw[3] - other.xyzw[3], result);\n  }\n  /** Return `((other.w * this) -  (this.w * other))` */\n  public crossWeightedMinus(other: Point4d, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d {\n    const wa = this.xyzw[3];\n    const wb = other.xyzw[3];\n    return Vector3d.create(wb * this.xyzw[0] - wa * other.xyzw[0], wb * this.xyzw[1] - wa * other.xyzw[1], wb * this.xyzw[2] - wa * other.xyzw[2], result);\n  }\n  /** Return `((other.w * this) -  (this.w * other))`, with other.w known to be 1 */\n  public crossWeightedMinusPoint3d(other: Point3d, result?: Vector3d): Vector3d {\n    const wa = this.xyzw[3];\n    return Vector3d.create(this.xyzw[0] - wa * other.x, this.xyzw[1] - wa * other.y, this.xyzw[2] - wa * other.z, result);\n  }\n  /** Return the sum of this and other, using all 4 components x,y,z,w */\n  public plus(other: Point4d, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(this.xyzw[0] + other.xyzw[0], this.xyzw[1] + other.xyzw[1], this.xyzw[2] + other.xyzw[2], this.xyzw[3] + other.xyzw[3], result);\n  }\n  /** Test if all components are nearly zero. */\n  public get isAlmostZero(): boolean {\n    return Geometry.isSmallMetricDistance(this.maxAbs());\n  }\n  /** Create a point with zero in all coordinates. */\n  public static createZero(): Point4d { return new Point4d(0, 0, 0, 0); }\n  /**\n   * Create plane coefficients for the plane containing pointA, pointB, and 0010.\n   * @param pointA first point\n   * @param pointB second point\n   */\n  public static createPlanePointPointZ(pointA: Point4d, pointB: Point4d, result?: Point4d) {\n    return Point4d.create(pointA.y * pointB.w - pointA.w * pointB.y, pointA.w * pointB.x - pointA.x * pointB.w, 0.0, pointA.x * pointB.y - pointA.y * pointB.x, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * extract 3 consecutive numbers from a Float64Array into the xyz values of a Point4d with w = 1.\n   * @param data buffer of numbers\n   * @param xIndex first index for x,y,z sequence\n   */\n  public static createFromPackedXYZ(data: Float64Array, xIndex: number = 0, result?: Point4d): Point4d | undefined {\n    if (xIndex >= 0 && xIndex + 2 < data.length)\n      return Point4d.create(data[xIndex], data[xIndex + 1], data[xIndex + 2], 1.0, result);\n    return undefined;\n  }\n  /**\n   * extract 4 consecutive numbers from a Float64Array into a Point4d.\n   * @param data buffer of numbers\n   * @param xIndex first index for x,y,z,w sequence\n   */\n  public static createFromPacked(data: Float64Array, xIndex: number = 0, result?: Point4d): Point4d | undefined {\n    if (xIndex >= 0 && xIndex + 3 < data.length)\n      return Point4d.create(data[xIndex], data[xIndex + 1], data[xIndex + 2], data[xIndex + 3], result);\n    return undefined;\n  }\n  /**\n   * extract 4 consecutive numbers from a Float64Array into a Point4d.\n   * @param data buffer of numbers\n   * @param xIndex first index for x,y,z,w sequence. Assumed to be a valid index!\n   * @deprecated in 4.x - will not be removed until after 2026-06-13. Use createFromPacked instead.\n   */\n  public static createFromPackedXYZW(data: Float64Array, xIndex: number = 0, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(data[xIndex], data[xIndex + 1], data[xIndex + 2], data[xIndex + 3], result);\n  }\n  /** Create a `Point4d` with x,y,z from an `XYAndZ` input, and w from a separate number. */\n  public static createFromPointAndWeight(xyz: XYAndZ, w: number): Point4d {\n    return new Point4d(xyz.x, xyz.y, xyz.z, w);\n  }\n  /** Create a `Point4d` from\n   * * Point2d, Point3d, or Point4d\n   * * other structure with members x,y and optional z,w\n   * * array of numbers\n   * * default z is 0.0\n   * * default w is 1.0  (array[3] can replace)\n   */\n  public static createFromPoint(point: XAndY | XYAndZ | Point4d | number[]): Point4d {\n    if (point instanceof Point2d)\n      return new Point4d(point.x, point.y, 0, 1);\n    if (point instanceof Point3d)\n      return new Point4d(point.x, point.y, point.z, 1);\n    if (point instanceof Point4d)\n      return point.clone();\n    // hm ... some flavor of x,y,z subset ...\n    if (Array.isArray(point)) {\n      const x1 = point.length > 0 ? point[0] : 0.0;\n      const y1 = point.length > 1 ? point[1] : 0.0;\n      const z1 = point.length > 2 ? point[2] : 0.0;\n      const w1 = point.length > 3 ? point[3] : 1.0;\n      return new Point4d(x1, y1, z1, w1);\n    }\n    const x = point.x;\n    const y = point.y;\n    const z = point.hasOwnProperty(\"z\") ? (point as any).z : 0.0;\n    const w = point.hasOwnProperty(\"w\") ? (point as any).w : 1.0;\n    return new Point4d(x, y, z, w);\n\n  }\n  /** Return `point + vector * scalar` */\n  public plusScaled(vector: Point4d, scaleFactor: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(this.xyzw[0] + vector.xyzw[0] * scaleFactor, this.xyzw[1] + vector.xyzw[1] * scaleFactor, this.xyzw[2] + vector.xyzw[2] * scaleFactor, this.xyzw[3] + vector.xyzw[3] * scaleFactor, result);\n  }\n  /** Return interpolation between instance and pointB at fraction\n   */\n  public interpolate(fraction: number, pointB: Point4d, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    const v = 1.0 - fraction;\n    return Point4d.create(this.xyzw[0] * v + pointB.xyzw[0] * fraction, this.xyzw[1] * v + pointB.xyzw[1] * fraction, this.xyzw[2] * v + pointB.xyzw[2] * fraction, this.xyzw[3] * v + pointB.xyzw[3] * fraction, result);\n  }\n  /** Return `point + vectorA * scalarA + vectorB * scalarB` */\n  public plus2Scaled(vectorA: Point4d, scalarA: number, vectorB: Point4d, scalarB: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(this.xyzw[0] + vectorA.xyzw[0] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[0] * scalarB, this.xyzw[1] + vectorA.xyzw[1] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[1] * scalarB, this.xyzw[2] + vectorA.xyzw[2] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[2] * scalarB, this.xyzw[3] + vectorA.xyzw[3] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[3] * scalarB, result);\n  }\n  /** Return `point + vectorA * scalarA + vectorB * scalarB + vectorC * scalarC` */\n  public plus3Scaled(vectorA: Point4d, scalarA: number, vectorB: Point4d, scalarB: number, vectorC: Point4d, scalarC: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(this.xyzw[0] + vectorA.xyzw[0] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[0] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[0] * scalarC, this.xyzw[1] + vectorA.xyzw[1] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[1] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[1] * scalarC, this.xyzw[2] + vectorA.xyzw[2] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[2] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[2] * scalarC, this.xyzw[3] + vectorA.xyzw[3] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[3] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[3] * scalarC, result);\n  }\n  /** Return `point + vectorA * scalarA + vectorB * scalarB` */\n  public static createAdd2Scaled(vectorA: Point4d, scalarA: number, vectorB: Point4d, scalarB: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(vectorA.xyzw[0] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[0] * scalarB, vectorA.xyzw[1] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[1] * scalarB, vectorA.xyzw[2] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[2] * scalarB, vectorA.xyzw[3] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[3] * scalarB, result);\n  }\n  /** Return `point + vectorA \\ scalarA + vectorB * scalarB + vectorC * scalarC` */\n  public static createAdd3Scaled(vectorA: Point4d, scalarA: number, vectorB: Point4d, scalarB: number, vectorC: Point4d, scalarC: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(vectorA.xyzw[0] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[0] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[0] * scalarC, vectorA.xyzw[1] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[1] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[1] * scalarC, vectorA.xyzw[2] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[2] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[2] * scalarC, vectorA.xyzw[3] * scalarA + vectorB.xyzw[3] * scalarB + vectorC.xyzw[3] * scalarC, result);\n  }\n  /** Return dot product of (4d) vectors from the instance to targetA and targetB */\n  public dotVectorsToTargets(targetA: Point4d, targetB: Point4d): number {\n    return (targetA.xyzw[0] - this.xyzw[0]) * (targetB.xyzw[0] - this.xyzw[0]) +\n      (targetA.xyzw[1] - this.xyzw[1]) * (targetB.xyzw[1] - this.xyzw[1]) +\n      (targetA.xyzw[2] - this.xyzw[2]) * (targetB.xyzw[2] - this.xyzw[2]) +\n      (targetA.xyzw[3] - this.xyzw[3]) * (targetB.xyzw[3] - this.xyzw[3]);\n  }\n  /** return (4d) dot product of the instance and other point. */\n  public dotProduct(other: Point4d): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * other.xyzw[0] + this.xyzw[1] * other.xyzw[1] + this.xyzw[2] * other.xyzw[2] + this.xyzw[3] * other.xyzw[3];\n  }\n  /** return (4d) dot product of the instance with xyzw */\n  public dotProductXYZW(x: number, y: number, z: number, w: number): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * x + this.xyzw[1] * y + this.xyzw[2] * z + this.xyzw[3] * w;\n  }\n  /** dotProduct with (point.x, point.y, point.z, 1) Used in PlaneAltitudeEvaluator interface */\n  public altitude(point: Point3d): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * point.x + this.xyzw[1] * point.y + this.xyzw[2] * point.z + this.xyzw[3];\n  }\n  /** dotProduct with (x, y, z, 1) Used in PlaneAltitudeEvaluator interface */\n  public altitudeXYZ(x: number, y: number, z: number): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * x + this.xyzw[1] * y + this.xyzw[2] * z + this.xyzw[3];\n  }\n  /** dotProduct with (point.x, point.y, point.z, point.w) Used in PlaneAltitudeEvaluator interface */\n  public weightedAltitude(point: Point4d): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * point.x + this.xyzw[1] * point.y + this.xyzw[2] * point.z + this.xyzw[3] * point.w;\n  }\n  /** dotProduct with (vector.x, vector.y, vector.z, 0).  Used in PlaneAltitudeEvaluator interface */\n  public velocity(vector: Vector3d): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * vector.x + this.xyzw[1] * vector.y + this.xyzw[2] * vector.z;\n  }\n  /** dotProduct with (x,y,z, 0).  Used in PlaneAltitudeEvaluator interface */\n  public velocityXYZ(x: number, y: number, z: number): number {\n    return this.xyzw[0] * x + this.xyzw[1] * y + this.xyzw[2] * z;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the x component of the normal used to evaluate altitude.\n   */\n  public normalX(): number { return this.x; }\n  /**\n  * Return the x component of the normal used to evaluate altitude.\n  */\n  public normalY(): number { return this.y; }\n  /**\n  * Return the z component of the normal used to evaluate altitude.\n  */\n  public normalZ(): number { return this.z; }\n\n  /** unit X vector */\n  public static unitX(): Point4d { return new Point4d(1, 0, 0, 0); }\n  /** unit Y vector */\n  public static unitY(): Point4d { return new Point4d(0, 1, 0, 0); }\n  /** unit Z vector */\n  public static unitZ(): Point4d { return new Point4d(0, 0, 1, 0); }\n  /** unit W vector */\n  public static unitW(): Point4d { return new Point4d(0, 0, 0, 1); }\n  /** Divide by denominator, but return undefined if denominator is zero. */\n  public safeDivideOrNull(denominator: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d | undefined {\n    if (denominator !== 0.0) {\n      return this.scale(1.0 / denominator, result);\n    }\n    return undefined;\n  }\n  /**\n   * * Return xyz projection of spacePoint to the plane (this Point4d is understood as plane coefficients, not point coordinates)\n   * * If the xyz part of `this` are all zero, (a clone of) `spacePoint` is returned.\n   */\n  public projectPointToPlane(spacePoint: Point3d, result?: Point3d): Point3d {\n    return this.projectXYZToPlane(spacePoint.x, spacePoint.y, spacePoint.z, result);\n  }\n  /** Return the projection of (x,y,z) onto the plane. */\n  public override projectXYZToPlane(x: number, y: number, z: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d {\n    const h = this.altitudeXYZ(x, y, z);\n    const nn = this.magnitudeSquaredXYZ();\n    // this unusual tol is needed so that toPlane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal agrees with its original implementation\n    const alpha = Geometry.conditionalDivideCoordinate(-h, nn, Geometry.largeFractionResult * Geometry.largeFractionResult);\n    if (alpha === undefined)\n      return Point3d.create(x, y, z, result);\n    return Point3d.create(x + alpha * this.x, y + alpha * this.y, z + alpha * this.z, result);\n  }\n  /** scale all components (including w!!) */\n  public scale(scale: number, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    result = result ? result : new Point4d();\n    result.xyzw[0] = this.xyzw[0] * scale;\n    result.xyzw[1] = this.xyzw[1] * scale;\n    result.xyzw[2] = this.xyzw[2] * scale;\n    result.xyzw[3] = this.xyzw[3] * scale;\n    return result;\n  }\n  /** Negate components (including w!!) */\n  public negate(result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    result = result ? result : new Point4d();\n    result.xyzw[0] = -this.xyzw[0];\n    result.xyzw[1] = -this.xyzw[1];\n    result.xyzw[2] = -this.xyzw[2];\n    result.xyzw[3] = -this.xyzw[3];\n    return result;\n  }\n  /**\n   * If `this.w` is nonzero, return a 4d point `(x/w,y/w,z/w, 1)`\n   * If `this.w` is zero, return undefined.\n   * @param result optional result\n   */\n  public normalizeWeight(result?: Point4d): Point4d | undefined {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(this.xyzw[3]);\n    result = result ? result : new Point4d();\n    return this.safeDivideOrNull(mag, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * If `this.w` is nonzero, return a 3d point `(x/w,y/w,z/w)`\n   * If `this.w` is zero, return undefined.\n   * @param result optional result\n   */\n  public realPoint(result?: Point3d): Point3d | undefined {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(this.xyzw[3]);\n    if (mag === 0.0)\n      return undefined;\n    const a = 1.0 / mag; // in zero case everything multiplies right back to true zero.\n    return Point3d.create(this.xyzw[0] * a, this.xyzw[1] * a, this.xyzw[2] * a, result);\n  }\n\n  /** Convert the homogeneous point to a (strongly typed) point or vector.\n   * * If `this.w` is nonzero, return a Point3d `(x/w,y/w,z/w)`\n   * * If `this.w` is zero, return a Vector3d `(x,y,z)`\n   */\n  public realPointOrVector(): Point3d | Vector3d {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(this.xyzw[3]);\n    if (mag === 0.0)\n      return Vector3d.create(this.x, this.y, this.z);\n    const a = 1.0 / mag; // in zero case everything multiplies right back to true zero.\n    return Point3d.create(this.x * a, this.y * a, this.z * a);\n  }\n  /**\n   * * If w is nonzero, return Point3d with x/w,y/w,z/w.\n   * * If w is zero, return 000\n   * @param x x coordinate\n   * @param y y coordinate\n   * @param z z coordinate\n   * @param w w coordinate\n   * @param result optional result\n   */\n  public static createRealPoint3dDefault000(x: number, y: number, z: number, w: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(w);\n    const a = mag === 0 ? 0.0 : (1.0 / mag); // in zero case everything multiplies right back to true zero.\n    return Point3d.create(x * a, y * a, z * a, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * * If w is nonzero, return Vector3d which is the derivative of the projected xyz with given w and 4d derivatives.\n   * * If w is zero, return 000\n   * @param x x coordinate\n   * @param y y coordinate\n   * @param z z coordinate\n   * @param w w coordinate\n   * @param dx x coordinate of derivative\n   * @param dy y coordinate of derivative\n   * @param dz z coordinate of derivative\n   * @param dw w coordinate of derivative\n   * @param result optional result\n   */\n  public static createRealDerivativeRay3dDefault000(x: number, y: number, z: number, w: number, dx: number, dy: number, dz: number, dw: number, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(w);\n    // real point is X/w.\n    // real derivative is (X' * w - X *w) / ww, and weight is always 0 by cross products.\n    const a = mag === 0 ? 0.0 : (1.0 / mag); // in zero case everything multiplies right back to true zero.\n    const aa = a * a;\n    return Ray3d.createXYZUVW(x * a, y * a, z * a, (dx * w - dw * x) * aa, (dy * w - dw * y) * aa, (dz * w - dw * z) * aa, result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * * If w is nonzero, return Vector3d which is the derivative of the projected xyz with given w and 4d derivatives.\n   * * If w is zero, return 000\n   * @param x x coordinate\n   * @param y y coordinate\n   * @param z z coordinate\n   * @param w w coordinate\n   * @param dx x coordinate of derivative\n   * @param dy y coordinate of derivative\n   * @param dz z coordinate of derivative\n   * @param dw w coordinate of derivative\n   * @param result optional result\n   */\n  public static createRealDerivativePlane3dByOriginAndVectorsDefault000(x: number, y: number, z: number, w: number, dx: number, dy: number, dz: number, dw: number, ddx: number, ddy: number, ddz: number, ddw: number, result?: Plane3dByOriginAndVectors): Plane3dByOriginAndVectors {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(w);\n    // real point is X/w.\n    // real derivative is (X' * w - X *w) / ww, and weight is always 0 by cross products.\n    const a = mag === 0 ? 0.0 : (1.0 / mag); // in zero case everything multiplies right back to true zero.\n    const aa = a * a;\n    const fx = x * a;\n    const fy = y * a;\n    const fz = z * a;\n    const dfx = (dx * w - dw * x) * aa;\n    const dfy = (dy * w - dw * y) * aa;\n    const dfz = (dz * w - dw * z) * aa;\n    return Plane3dByOriginAndVectors.createOriginAndVectorsXYZ(fx, fy, fz, dfx, dfy, dfz, quotientDerivative2(ddx, dw, ddw, fx, dfx, a), quotientDerivative2(ddy, dw, ddw, fy, dfy, a), quotientDerivative2(ddz, dw, ddw, fz, dfz, a), result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * * If this.w is nonzero, return Point3d with x/w,y/w,z/w.\n   * * If this.w is zero, return 000\n   */\n  public realPointDefault000(result?: Point3d): Point3d {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(this.xyzw[3]);\n    if (mag === 0.0)\n      return Point3d.create(0, 0, 0, result);\n    result = result ? result : new Point3d();\n    const a = 1.0 / mag;\n    return Point3d.create(this.xyzw[0] * a, this.xyzw[1] * a, this.xyzw[2] * a, result);\n  }\n  /** divide all components (x,y,z,w) by the 4d magnitude.\n   *\n   * * This is appropriate for normalizing a quaternion\n   * * Use normalizeWeight to divide by the w component.\n   */\n  public normalizeXYZW(result?: Point4d): Point4d | undefined {\n    const mag = Geometry.correctSmallFraction(this.magnitudeXYZW());\n    result = result ? result : new Point4d();\n    return this.safeDivideOrNull(mag, result);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Return the determinant of the 3x3 matrix using components i,j,k of the 3 inputs.\n   */\n  public static determinantIndexed3X3(pointA: Point4d, pointB: Point4d, pointC: Point4d, i: number, j: number, k: number) {\n    return Geometry.tripleProduct(\n      pointA.xyzw[i], pointA.xyzw[j], pointA.xyzw[k],\n      pointB.xyzw[i], pointB.xyzw[j], pointB.xyzw[k],\n      pointC.xyzw[i], pointC.xyzw[j], pointC.xyzw[k]);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return a Point4d perpendicular to all 3 inputs. (A higher level cross product concept)\n   * @param pointA first point\n   * @param pointB second point\n   * @param pointC third point\n   */\n  public static perpendicularPoint4dPlane(pointA: Point4d, pointB: Point4d, pointC: Point4d): Point4d {\n    return Point4d.create(\n      Point4d.determinantIndexed3X3(pointA, pointB, pointC, 1, 2, 3),\n      -Point4d.determinantIndexed3X3(pointA, pointB, pointC, 2, 3, 0),\n      Point4d.determinantIndexed3X3(pointA, pointB, pointC, 3, 0, 1),\n      -Point4d.determinantIndexed3X3(pointA, pointB, pointC, 0, 1, 2));\n  }\n  /** Treating this Point4d as plane coefficients, convert to origin and normal form. */\n  public toPlane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal(result?: Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal): Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal | undefined {\n    return Plane3dByOriginAndUnitNormal.createFrom(this, result);\n  }\n  /** Normalize so sum of squares of all 4 coordinates is 1. */\n  public normalizeQuaternion() {\n    const magnitude = Math.sqrt(this.x * this.x + this.y * this.y + this.z * this.z + this.w * this.w);\n\n    if (magnitude > 0.0) {\n      const f = 1.0 / magnitude;\n      this.x *= f;\n      this.y *= f;\n      this.z *= f;\n      this.w *= f;\n    }\n    return magnitude;\n  }\n  /** Return a (normalized) quaternion interpolated between two quaternions. */\n  public static interpolateQuaternions(quaternion0: Point4d, fractionParameter: number, quaternion1: Point4d, result?: Point4d): Point4d {\n    if (!result)\n      result = new Point4d();\n    const maxSafeCosine = 0.9995;\n\n    // return exact quaternions for special values\n    if (0.0 === fractionParameter) {\n      result = quaternion0;\n      return result;\n    }\n    if (1.0 === fractionParameter) {\n      result = quaternion1;\n      return result;\n    }\n    if (0.5 === fractionParameter) {\n      quaternion0.plus(quaternion1, result);\n      result.normalizeQuaternion();\n      return result;\n    }\n\n    const q0 = quaternion0.clone();\n    const q1 = quaternion1.clone();\n    let dot = quaternion0.dotProduct(quaternion1);\n\n    // prevent interpolation through the longer great arc\n    if (dot < 0.0) {\n      q1.negate(q1);\n      dot = -dot;\n    }\n\n    // if nearly parallel, use interpolate and renormalize .\n    if (dot > maxSafeCosine) {\n      q0.interpolate(fractionParameter, q1, result);\n      result.normalizeQuaternion();\n      return result;\n    }\n\n    // safety check\n    if (dot < -1.0)\n      dot = -1.0;\n    else if (dot > 1.0)\n      dot = 1.0;\n\n    // create orthonormal basis {q0, q2}\n    const q2 = new Point4d();\n    q1.plusScaled(q0, -dot, q2);  //  bsiDPoint4d_addScaledDPoint4d(& q2, & q1, & q0, -dot);\n    q2.normalizeQuaternion();\n\n    const angle = Math.acos(dot);\n    const angleOfInterpolation = angle * fractionParameter;\n    result = Point4d.createAdd2Scaled(q0, Math.cos(angleOfInterpolation), q2, Math.sin(angleOfInterpolation));\n    return result;\n  }\n  /** Measure the \"angle\" between two points, using all 4 components in the dot product that\n   * gives the cosine of the angle.\n   */\n  public radiansToPoint4dXYZW(other: Point4d): number | undefined {\n    const magA = this.magnitudeXYZW();\n    const magB = other.magnitudeXYZW();\n    const dot = this.dotProduct(other);  // == cos (theta) * magA * magB\n    const cos = Geometry.conditionalDivideFraction(dot, magA * magB);\n    if (cos === undefined)\n      return undefined;\n    return Math.acos(cos);\n  }\n}\n"]}

package/lib/esm/polyface/FacetOrientation.d.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export declare class FacetOrientationFixup {
     private constructor();
     private edgeIdToFacetOrientation;
     /**
-     * RETURN FALSE IF ANY EDGE HAS 3 ORE MORE FACETS
+     * RETURN FALSE IF ANY EDGE HAS 3 OR MORE FACETS
      */
     private setupUnoriented;
     private recordFacetInComponent;

package/lib/esm/polyface/FacetOrientation.js

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export class FacetOrientationFixup {
     _facetOrientation;
     _components;
     _visitor;
-    _mesh;
+    _mesh; // we could get by with just a Polyface/Visitor but for the call to reverseSingleFacet
     constructor(mesh) {
         this._visitor = mesh.createVisitor(1);
         this._edges = PolyfaceQuery.createIndexedEdges(this._visitor);
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export class FacetOrientationFixup {
         return this._facetOrientation[facetIndex];
     }
     /**
-     * RETURN FALSE IF ANY EDGE HAS 3 ORE MORE FACETS
+     * RETURN FALSE IF ANY EDGE HAS 3 OR MORE FACETS
      */
     setupUnoriented() {
         this._edges.sort();

package/lib/esm/polyface/FacetOrientation.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n/** @packageDocumentation\n * @module Polyface\n */\nimport { IndexedEdgeMatcher, SortableEdge } from \"./IndexedEdgeMatcher\";\nimport { IndexedPolyface, PolyfaceVisitor } from \"./Polyface\";\nimport { PolyfaceQuery } from \"./PolyfaceQuery\";\n\nclass OrientedComponentData {\n  public numPositive: number;\n  public numNegative: number;\n  public firstEdgeIndex: number;\n  public constructor(firstEdgeIndex: number) {\n    this.numPositive = this.numNegative = 0;\n    this.firstEdgeIndex = firstEdgeIndex;\n  }\n  // announce a new facet orientation.\n  public recordOrientation(orientation: number) {\n    if (orientation > 0)\n      this.numPositive++;\n    else if (orientation < 0)\n      this.numNegative++;\n  }\n}\nexport class FacetOrientationFixup {\n  private _edges: IndexedEdgeMatcher;\n  private _edgeToPartnerEdge: number[];\n  private _edgeToEdgeInComponent: number[];\n  private _facetToFirstEdgeInComponent: number[];\n  private _facetOrientation: number[];\n  private _components: OrientedComponentData[];\n  private _visitor: PolyfaceVisitor;\n  private _mesh: IndexedPolyface;\n  private constructor(mesh: IndexedPolyface) {\n    this._visitor = mesh.createVisitor(1);\n    this._edges = PolyfaceQuery.createIndexedEdges(this._visitor);\n    this._edgeToPartnerEdge = [];\n    this._edgeToEdgeInComponent = [];\n    this._facetToFirstEdgeInComponent = [];\n    this._facetOrientation = [];\n    this._components = [];\n    this._mesh = mesh;\n  }\n\n  private edgeIdToFacetOrientation(edgeId: number): number {\n    const facetIndex = this._edges.edges[edgeId].facetIndex;\n    return this._facetOrientation[facetIndex];\n  }\n  /**\n   * RETURN FALSE IF ANY EDGE HAS 3 ORE MORE FACETS\n   */\n  private setupUnoriented(): boolean {\n    this._edges.sort();\n    const edgeArray = this._edges.edges;\n    // make each edge a singleton with itself as successor . .\n    let maxFacetIndex = -1;\n    const numEdges = this._edges.edges.length;\n    for (let i = 0; i < numEdges; i++) {\n      const facetIndex = this._edges.edges[i].facetIndex;\n      if (facetIndex > maxFacetIndex)\n        maxFacetIndex = facetIndex;\n      this._edgeToEdgeInComponent.push(i);\n      this._edgeToPartnerEdge.push(i);\n    }\n    for (let i = 0; i <= maxFacetIndex; i++) {\n      this._facetToFirstEdgeInComponent.push(-1);\n      this._facetOrientation.push(0);\n    }\n    // make each edge part of a component for only its own facet\n    // (This component exists only ephemerally -- it is not referenced by true component)\n    // (swapping entries in the cyclic loops merges loops.)\n    for (let i = 0; i < numEdges; i++) {\n      const facetIndex = this._edges.edges[i].facetIndex;\n      const j = this._facetToFirstEdgeInComponent[facetIndex];\n      if (j === -1)\n        this._facetToFirstEdgeInComponent[facetIndex] = i;\n      else {\n        FacetOrientationFixup.swapEntries(this._edgeToEdgeInComponent, i, j);\n      }\n    }\n    // make contiguous partner edges cycles in edgeToPartnerEdge.\n    // edge i is initially always a singleton.\n    for (let edgeIndex0 = 0; edgeIndex0 < numEdges; edgeIndex0++) {\n      let edgeIndex1 = edgeIndex0 + 1;\n      while (edgeIndex1 < numEdges && SortableEdge.areUndirectedPartners(edgeArray[edgeIndex0], edgeArray[edgeIndex1])) {\n        // splice the loops ...\n        FacetOrientationFixup.swapEntries(this._edgeToPartnerEdge, edgeIndex0, edgeIndex1);\n        edgeIndex1++;\n      }\n      // BUT .. everything else will fail if more than 2 anywhere .....\n      if (edgeIndex1 > edgeIndex0 + 2)\n        return false;\n    }\n    return true;\n  }\n  private recordFacetInComponent(facetIndex: number, orientation: number) {\n    const componentData = this._components[this._components.length - 1];\n    this._facetOrientation[facetIndex] = orientation;\n    componentData.recordOrientation(orientation);\n  }\n\n  private initializeComponent(edgeIndex: number) {\n    const facetIndex = this._edges.edges[edgeIndex].facetIndex;\n    this._components.push(new OrientedComponentData(edgeIndex));\n    this.recordFacetInComponent(facetIndex, 1);\n  }\n  private _workArray: number[] = [];\n\n  private pushFacetEdgesOnStack(seedEdge: number, stack: number[]) {\n    FacetOrientationFixup.extractCyclicIndices(this._edgeToEdgeInComponent, seedEdge, this._workArray);\n    for (const edgeIndex of this._workArray) {\n      stack.push(edgeIndex);\n    }\n  }\n  /**\n   * * Run flood search from every possible seed, assigning positive and negative orientations\n   * * Halt and return false if flood detects Klein bottle effects.\n   * @return true if flood\n   */\n  private doFlood(): boolean {\n    // Finally time for flood search.\n    const edgeStack: number[] = [];\n    const edgeArray = this._edges.edges;\n    const numEdges = edgeArray.length;\n    const neighborEdges: number[] = [];\n    for (let seedEdgeIndex = 0; seedEdgeIndex < numEdges; seedEdgeIndex++) {\n      if (this.edgeIdToFacetOrientation(seedEdgeIndex) === 0) {\n        edgeStack.length = 0;\n        this.initializeComponent(seedEdgeIndex);\n        this.pushFacetEdgesOnStack(seedEdgeIndex, edgeStack);\n        // An edge on the stack is part of the current component.\n        // Its partners may or may not have been visited.\n        let baseEdgeIndex: number | undefined;\n        while (undefined !== (baseEdgeIndex = edgeStack.pop())) {\n          const baseFacet = edgeArray[baseEdgeIndex].facetIndex;\n          const baseOrientation = this._facetOrientation[baseFacet];\n          FacetOrientationFixup.extractCyclicIndices(this._edgeToPartnerEdge, baseEdgeIndex, neighborEdges);\n          for (const neighborEdgeIndex of neighborEdges) {\n            if (neighborEdgeIndex !== baseEdgeIndex) {\n              const neighborFacet = edgeArray[neighborEdgeIndex].facetIndex;\n              const neighborOrientation = this._facetOrientation[neighborFacet];\n              if (neighborOrientation === 0) {\n                // first visit to this facet !\n                // orientations of baseEdge and neighborEdge tell us how to orient it.\n                const newOrientation = SortableEdge.areDirectedPartners(edgeArray[baseEdgeIndex], edgeArray[neighborEdgeIndex]) ? baseOrientation : -baseOrientation;\n                this.recordFacetInComponent(neighborFacet, newOrientation);\n                this.pushFacetEdgesOnStack(neighborEdgeIndex, edgeStack);\n                FacetOrientationFixup.swapEntries(this._edgeToEdgeInComponent, baseEdgeIndex, neighborEdgeIndex);\n              } else {\n                // looking across to an already-visited facet ..\n                const edgeOrientation = SortableEdge.relativeOrientation(edgeArray[baseEdgeIndex], edgeArray[neighborEdgeIndex]);\n                if (edgeOrientation * baseOrientation * neighborOrientation > 0)\n                  return false;\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    // fall through when floods have completed in all components, with no Klein bottle effects\n    return true;\n  }\n  private doFacetReversals(): number {\n    let numReverse = 0;\n    for (this._visitor.reset(); this._visitor.moveToNextFacet();) {\n      const facetIndex = this._visitor.currentReadIndex();\n      if (this._facetOrientation[facetIndex] < 0) {\n        numReverse++;\n        this._mesh.reverseSingleFacet(facetIndex);\n      }\n    }\n    return numReverse;\n  }\n  public static doFixup(mesh: IndexedPolyface): boolean {\n    const context = new FacetOrientationFixup(mesh);\n    if (!context.setupUnoriented())\n      return false;\n    const ok = context.doFlood();\n    if (ok)\n      context.doFacetReversals();\n    return ok;\n  }\n  /** swap entries at indices in a number array.\n   * * indices are not checked for validity.\n   */\n  private static swapEntries(data: number[], i: number, j: number) {\n    const q = data[i];\n    data[i] = data[j];\n    data[j] = q;\n  }\n  /**\n   *\n   * @param data an array of cyclically linked loops.\n   */\n  private static extractCyclicIndices(data: number[], index0: number, loopIndices: number[]) {\n    loopIndices.length = 0;\n    let i = index0;\n    do {\n      loopIndices.push(i);\n      i = data[i];\n    } while (i !== index0);\n  }\n}\n"]}
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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n/** @packageDocumentation\n * @module Polyface\n */\nimport { IndexedEdgeMatcher, SortableEdge } from \"./IndexedEdgeMatcher\";\nimport { IndexedPolyface, PolyfaceVisitor } from \"./Polyface\";\nimport { PolyfaceQuery } from \"./PolyfaceQuery\";\n\nclass OrientedComponentData {\n  public numPositive: number;\n  public numNegative: number;\n  public firstEdgeIndex: number;\n  public constructor(firstEdgeIndex: number) {\n    this.numPositive = this.numNegative = 0;\n    this.firstEdgeIndex = firstEdgeIndex;\n  }\n  // announce a new facet orientation.\n  public recordOrientation(orientation: number) {\n    if (orientation > 0)\n      this.numPositive++;\n    else if (orientation < 0)\n      this.numNegative++;\n  }\n}\nexport class FacetOrientationFixup {\n  private _edges: IndexedEdgeMatcher;\n  private _edgeToPartnerEdge: number[];\n  private _edgeToEdgeInComponent: number[];\n  private _facetToFirstEdgeInComponent: number[];\n  private _facetOrientation: number[];\n  private _components: OrientedComponentData[];\n  private _visitor: PolyfaceVisitor;\n  private _mesh: IndexedPolyface; // we could get by with just a Polyface/Visitor but for the call to reverseSingleFacet\n  private constructor(mesh: IndexedPolyface) {\n    this._visitor = mesh.createVisitor(1);\n    this._edges = PolyfaceQuery.createIndexedEdges(this._visitor);\n    this._edgeToPartnerEdge = [];\n    this._edgeToEdgeInComponent = [];\n    this._facetToFirstEdgeInComponent = [];\n    this._facetOrientation = [];\n    this._components = [];\n    this._mesh = mesh;\n  }\n\n  private edgeIdToFacetOrientation(edgeId: number): number {\n    const facetIndex = this._edges.edges[edgeId].facetIndex;\n    return this._facetOrientation[facetIndex];\n  }\n  /**\n   * RETURN FALSE IF ANY EDGE HAS 3 OR MORE FACETS\n   */\n  private setupUnoriented(): boolean {\n    this._edges.sort();\n    const edgeArray = this._edges.edges;\n    // make each edge a singleton with itself as successor . .\n    let maxFacetIndex = -1;\n    const numEdges = this._edges.edges.length;\n    for (let i = 0; i < numEdges; i++) {\n      const facetIndex = this._edges.edges[i].facetIndex;\n      if (facetIndex > maxFacetIndex)\n        maxFacetIndex = facetIndex;\n      this._edgeToEdgeInComponent.push(i);\n      this._edgeToPartnerEdge.push(i);\n    }\n    for (let i = 0; i <= maxFacetIndex; i++) {\n      this._facetToFirstEdgeInComponent.push(-1);\n      this._facetOrientation.push(0);\n    }\n    // make each edge part of a component for only its own facet\n    // (This component exists only ephemerally -- it is not referenced by true component)\n    // (swapping entries in the cyclic loops merges loops.)\n    for (let i = 0; i < numEdges; i++) {\n      const facetIndex = this._edges.edges[i].facetIndex;\n      const j = this._facetToFirstEdgeInComponent[facetIndex];\n      if (j === -1)\n        this._facetToFirstEdgeInComponent[facetIndex] = i;\n      else {\n        FacetOrientationFixup.swapEntries(this._edgeToEdgeInComponent, i, j);\n      }\n    }\n    // make contiguous partner edges cycles in edgeToPartnerEdge.\n    // edge i is initially always a singleton.\n    for (let edgeIndex0 = 0; edgeIndex0 < numEdges; edgeIndex0++) {\n      let edgeIndex1 = edgeIndex0 + 1;\n      while (edgeIndex1 < numEdges && SortableEdge.areUndirectedPartners(edgeArray[edgeIndex0], edgeArray[edgeIndex1])) {\n        // splice the loops ...\n        FacetOrientationFixup.swapEntries(this._edgeToPartnerEdge, edgeIndex0, edgeIndex1);\n        edgeIndex1++;\n      }\n      // BUT .. everything else will fail if more than 2 anywhere .....\n      if (edgeIndex1 > edgeIndex0 + 2)\n        return false;\n    }\n    return true;\n  }\n  private recordFacetInComponent(facetIndex: number, orientation: number) {\n    const componentData = this._components[this._components.length - 1];\n    this._facetOrientation[facetIndex] = orientation;\n    componentData.recordOrientation(orientation);\n  }\n\n  private initializeComponent(edgeIndex: number) {\n    const facetIndex = this._edges.edges[edgeIndex].facetIndex;\n    this._components.push(new OrientedComponentData(edgeIndex));\n    this.recordFacetInComponent(facetIndex, 1);\n  }\n  private _workArray: number[] = [];\n\n  private pushFacetEdgesOnStack(seedEdge: number, stack: number[]) {\n    FacetOrientationFixup.extractCyclicIndices(this._edgeToEdgeInComponent, seedEdge, this._workArray);\n    for (const edgeIndex of this._workArray) {\n      stack.push(edgeIndex);\n    }\n  }\n  /**\n   * * Run flood search from every possible seed, assigning positive and negative orientations\n   * * Halt and return false if flood detects Klein bottle effects.\n   * @return true if flood\n   */\n  private doFlood(): boolean {\n    // Finally time for flood search.\n    const edgeStack: number[] = [];\n    const edgeArray = this._edges.edges;\n    const numEdges = edgeArray.length;\n    const neighborEdges: number[] = [];\n    for (let seedEdgeIndex = 0; seedEdgeIndex < numEdges; seedEdgeIndex++) {\n      if (this.edgeIdToFacetOrientation(seedEdgeIndex) === 0) {\n        edgeStack.length = 0;\n        this.initializeComponent(seedEdgeIndex);\n        this.pushFacetEdgesOnStack(seedEdgeIndex, edgeStack);\n        // An edge on the stack is part of the current component.\n        // Its partners may or may not have been visited.\n        let baseEdgeIndex: number | undefined;\n        while (undefined !== (baseEdgeIndex = edgeStack.pop())) {\n          const baseFacet = edgeArray[baseEdgeIndex].facetIndex;\n          const baseOrientation = this._facetOrientation[baseFacet];\n          FacetOrientationFixup.extractCyclicIndices(this._edgeToPartnerEdge, baseEdgeIndex, neighborEdges);\n          for (const neighborEdgeIndex of neighborEdges) {\n            if (neighborEdgeIndex !== baseEdgeIndex) {\n              const neighborFacet = edgeArray[neighborEdgeIndex].facetIndex;\n              const neighborOrientation = this._facetOrientation[neighborFacet];\n              if (neighborOrientation === 0) {\n                // first visit to this facet !\n                // orientations of baseEdge and neighborEdge tell us how to orient it.\n                const newOrientation = SortableEdge.areDirectedPartners(edgeArray[baseEdgeIndex], edgeArray[neighborEdgeIndex]) ? baseOrientation : -baseOrientation;\n                this.recordFacetInComponent(neighborFacet, newOrientation);\n                this.pushFacetEdgesOnStack(neighborEdgeIndex, edgeStack);\n                FacetOrientationFixup.swapEntries(this._edgeToEdgeInComponent, baseEdgeIndex, neighborEdgeIndex);\n              } else {\n                // looking across to an already-visited facet ..\n                const edgeOrientation = SortableEdge.relativeOrientation(edgeArray[baseEdgeIndex], edgeArray[neighborEdgeIndex]);\n                if (edgeOrientation * baseOrientation * neighborOrientation > 0)\n                  return false;\n              }\n            }\n          }\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    // fall through when floods have completed in all components, with no Klein bottle effects\n    return true;\n  }\n  private doFacetReversals(): number {\n    let numReverse = 0;\n    for (this._visitor.reset(); this._visitor.moveToNextFacet();) {\n      const facetIndex = this._visitor.currentReadIndex();\n      if (this._facetOrientation[facetIndex] < 0) {\n        numReverse++;\n        this._mesh.reverseSingleFacet(facetIndex);\n      }\n    }\n    return numReverse;\n  }\n  public static doFixup(mesh: IndexedPolyface): boolean {\n    const context = new FacetOrientationFixup(mesh);\n    if (!context.setupUnoriented())\n      return false;\n    const ok = context.doFlood();\n    if (ok)\n      context.doFacetReversals();\n    return ok;\n  }\n  /** swap entries at indices in a number array.\n   * * indices are not checked for validity.\n   */\n  private static swapEntries(data: number[], i: number, j: number) {\n    const q = data[i];\n    data[i] = data[j];\n    data[j] = q;\n  }\n  /**\n   *\n   * @param data an array of cyclically linked loops.\n   */\n  private static extractCyclicIndices(data: number[], index0: number, loopIndices: number[]) {\n    loopIndices.length = 0;\n    let i = index0;\n    do {\n      loopIndices.push(i);\n      i = data[i];\n    } while (i !== index0);\n  }\n}\n"]}

package/lib/esm/polyface/IndexedEdgeMatcher.d.ts

@@ -2,60 +2,76 @@
  * @module Polyface
  */
 /**
- * * For boundary sorting, an edge is a (packed!) Float64Array.
- * * Fixed entry positions are:
- *   * [0] is start vertex index (in CCW order around its facet)
- *   * [1] is end vertex index (in CCW order around its facet)
- *   * [2] is facet index (or another number to associate with this edge).
+ * Represent an [[IndexedPolyface]] edge as:
+ * * vertex start index and vertex end index (CCW order around its facet)
+ * * an additional number to associate with the edge (e.g., facet index)
+ * @public
  */
-export declare class SortableEdge extends Float64Array {
+export declare class SortableEdge {
+    private _v;
+    private _a;
+    /** Constructor. */
+    constructor(startVertex: number, endVertex: number, facetIndex: number);
+    /** Clone the edge. */
+    clone(): SortableEdge;
     /** Return the vertex index that appears first in the order stored.  */
-    get vertexIndexA(): number;
+    get startVertex(): number;
     /** Return the vertex index that appears second in the order stored.  */
-    get vertexIndexB(): number;
+    get endVertex(): number;
     /**
      * Return the facet index.
      * * This value is carried along during matching. Typically it is a facet index, but it does not have to be.
      */
     get facetIndex(): number;
-    /** return true if vertexIndexA is less than vertexIndexB. */
+    /** return true if `startVertex` is less than `endVertex`. */
     get isLowHigh(): boolean;
     /** Return the vertex index with lower numeric value. */
-    get lowVertexIndex(): number;
+    get lowVertex(): number;
     /** Return the vertex index with higher numeric value. */
-    get highVertexIndex(): number;
-    /** Return true if the vertices edgeA and edgeB are the same vertex indices in opposite order. */
+    get highVertex(): number;
+    /** Return true if edgeA and edgeB traverse the same edge in the same direction. */
+    private static areSameEdge;
+    /** Return true if edgeA and edgeB traverse the same edge in opposite directions. */
     static areDirectedPartners(edgeA: SortableEdge, edgeB: SortableEdge): boolean;
-    /** Return true if the vertices edgeA and edgeB are the same vertex indices with no consideration of order. */
+    /** Return true if edgeA and edgeB traverse the same edge in the same or opposite directions. */
     static areUndirectedPartners(edgeA: SortableEdge, edgeB: SortableEdge): boolean;
     /**
-     * Return numeric relationship of edgeA and edgeB:
-     * * 1 if they share start and end in the same order.
-     * * -1 if they share start and end in reversed order.
+     * Return numeric identifier for the relationship between edgeA and edgeB:
+     * * 1 if they share start and end vertex indices in the same order.
+     * * -1 if they share start and end vertex indices in reversed order.
      * * 0 otherwise.
      */
     static relativeOrientation(edgeA: SortableEdge, edgeB: SortableEdge): number;
+    /** Whether the start and end vertex indices are equal. */
     get isNullEdge(): boolean;
     /**
      * Lexical comparison of two edges.
-     * * If the edges have the same vertex pair (in same or opposite order) they will end up adjacent in a sort.
-     * * If the edges have 0 or 1 shared vertex indices, the one with lowest low comes first.
+     * * If the edges have the same vertex index pair (in same or opposite order) they will end up adjacent in a sort.
      * @param edgeA first edge
      * @param edgeB second edge
      */
     static lessThan(edgeA: SortableEdge, edgeB: SortableEdge): number;
-    constructor(vertexA: number, vertexB: number, facetIndex: number);
+    /** Return the edge data as a JSON array. */
     toJSON(): any;
+    /** Return the edge cluster in JSON format.  */
     static clusterToJSON(data: SortableEdgeCluster): any;
+    /** Return the edge cluster array in JSON format. */
     static clusterArrayToJSON(data: SortableEdgeCluster[]): any[];
 }
+/**
+ * Union type for a single [[SortableEdge]] or a (matched) array of them.
+ * @public
+ */
 export type SortableEdgeCluster = SortableEdge | SortableEdge[];
 /**
- * An IndexedEdgeMatcher carries an array of edge start & end indices for sorting and subsequent analyses
- * (such as testing for closed mesh).
+ * An IndexedEdgeMatcher carries an array of edge start and end indices for sorting and subsequent analyses,
+ * such as testing for closed mesh.
+ * @public
  */
 export declare class IndexedEdgeMatcher {
+    /** The array of edges to be sorted. */
     edges: SortableEdge[];
+    /** Constructor. Call [[addEdge]] or [[addPath]] to populate `edges`. */
     constructor();
     /**
      * Push a new edge.
@@ -66,32 +82,31 @@ export declare class IndexedEdgeMatcher {
      */
     addEdge(vertexA: number, vertexB: number, facetIndex: number): SortableEdge;
     /**
-     * Push edges all around a facet, returning to vertexArray[0].
-     * @param vertexArray array of vertex indices around facet
-     * @param facetIndex value to carry along during matching
+     * Push edges along a path.
+     * * Typically used to add edges around a facet.
+     * @param vertexIndices array of vertex indices along an open or closed path.
+     * @param facetIndex value to set on each edge pushed.
      * @param closeLoop true to add an edge from last to first vertex.
      */
-    addPath(vertexArray: number[], facetIndex: number, closeLoop?: boolean): void;
-    /** Sort the edge index array. */
+    addPath(vertexIndices: number[], facetIndex: number, closeLoop: boolean): void;
+    /** Sort the edges. */
     sort(): void;
     /** Create a single or compound SortableEdgeCluster in dest. */
     private collectSortableEdgeCluster;
     /**
-     * Sort the edges, and look for three categories of paired edges:
-     * * caller must allocate all result arrays of interest.
-     * * Any combination of the result arrays may be `undefined`, indicating that category is to be ignored.
-     * * Any combination of the result arrays may be aliased as the same target, in which case those to categories are
+     * Sort the edges, and collect up to four categories of edges: manifold pairs, singletons, null edges,
+     * and everything else.
+     * * Caller should allocate arrays of interest.
+     * * Any combination of the arrays may be `undefined`, indicating that category is to be ignored.
+     * * Any combination of the arrays may be aliased as the same target, in which case the aliased categories are
      * merged into the target.
-     * * For instance, to ignore manifold pairs and collect all others (singleton, null, and other) as a single array
-     * `allOther`, create `const allOther = []` as an empty array and call
-     * `sortAndCollectClusters (undefined, allOther, allOther, allOther);`
-     * @param manifoldPairs optional array to receive pairs of properly mated SortableEdgePairs, i.e. simple interior
-     * edges adjacent to two facets in opposing directions.
-     * @param singletons optional array to receive edges that are simple boundary edges.
-     * @param nullEdges optional array to receive arrays of null edges (same start and end vertex)
-     * @param allOtherClusters optional array to receive arrays in which all the edges are partners in an undirected sense
-     * but not a simple directed pair.
+     * * For instance, to ignore manifold pairs and collect all other edges in a single array:
+     * `const foo = []; matcher.sortAndCollectClusters(undefined, foo, foo, foo);`
+     * @param manifoldPairs array to receive pairs of properly mated edges, i.e. mesh interior edges.
+     * @param singletons array to receive edges that have no partner, i.e., mesh boundary edges.
+     * @param nullEdges array to receive arrays of matched null edges, for which start === end vertex index.
+     * @param allOtherClusters array to receive arrays of edges that are partners in an undirected, non-manifold sense.
      */
-    sortAndCollectClusters(manifoldPairs: SortableEdgeCluster[] | undefined, singletons?: SortableEdgeCluster[], nullEdges?: SortableEdgeCluster[], allOtherClusters?: SortableEdgeCluster[]): void;
+    sortAndCollectClusters(manifoldPairs?: SortableEdgeCluster[], singletons?: SortableEdgeCluster[], nullEdges?: SortableEdgeCluster[], allOtherClusters?: SortableEdgeCluster[]): void;
 }
 //# sourceMappingURL=IndexedEdgeMatcher.d.ts.map

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