@itwin/core-geometry 5.0.0-dev.82 → 5.0.0-dev.84

package/lib/cjs/solid/Cone.d.ts

@@ -10,20 +10,31 @@ import { Range3d } from "../geometry3d/Range";
 import { Transform } from "../geometry3d/Transform";
 import { SolidPrimitive } from "./SolidPrimitive";
 /**
- * A cone with axis along the z axis of a (possibly skewed) local coordinate system.
- *
- * * In local coordinates, the sections at z=0 and z=1 are circles of radius r0 and r1.
- * * Either one individually  may be zero, but they may not both be zero.
- * * The stored matrix has unit vectors in the xy columns, and full-length z column.
+ * A cone with axis along the z-axis of a (possibly skewed) local coordinate system.
+ * * The curved surface of the cone `C` with axis `vectorZ = centerB - centerA` is parameterized over (u,v) in [0,1]x[0,1] by
+ * `C(u,v) = centerA + vFractionToRadius(v) * (cos(u * 2pi) * vectorX + sin(u * 2pi) * vectorY) + v * vectorZ`.
+ * * Either radius may be zero, but they may not both be zero.
+ * * Cross section size is determined by the lengths of `vectorX`, `vectorY`, and the radii.
+ * * If `vectorX` and `vectorY` are orthonormal, the cross sections are circular, with sections at v = 0 and v = 1 having radius
+ * `radiusA` and `radiusB`, respectively; otherwise, the cross sections are elliptical.
+ * * The stored matrix encapsulates `vectorX`, `vectorY`, and `vectorZ` in the respective columns. Typically the first two columns
+ * are orthogonal and unit length, and the last is full length.
+ * * Creating a Cone without orthogonal xy-axes of equal length is possible, but not recommended, for the resulting geometry
+ * lacks portability; for example, such a Cone cannot be represented as a DGN element (see [[createDgnCone]]).
  * @public
  */
 export declare class Cone extends SolidPrimitive implements UVSurface, UVSurfaceIsoParametricDistance {
     /** String name for schema properties */
     readonly solidPrimitiveType = "cone";
+    /** Local to world transform. Axes may have any nonzero length and may be non-perpendicular. */
     private _localToWorld;
+    /** Nominal cross sectional radius at z=0 (scales the cone's xy-axes). */
     private _radiusA;
+    /** Nominal cross sectional radius at z=1 (scales the cone's xy-axes). */
     private _radiusB;
+    /** Maximum of _radiusA and _radiusB. */
     private _maxRadius;
+    /** Constructor, inputs CONSUMED. */
     protected constructor(map: Transform, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped: boolean);
     /** Return a clone of this Cone. */
     clone(): Cone;
@@ -43,16 +54,30 @@ export declare class Cone extends SolidPrimitive implements UVSurface, UVSurface
      * * This fails if the transformation is singular.
      */
     cloneTransformed(transform: Transform): Cone | undefined;
-    /** create a cylinder or cone from two endpoints and their radii.   The circular cross sections are perpendicular to the axis line
-     * from start to end point.
-     * * both radii must be of the same sign.
-     * * negative radius is accepted to create interior surface.    Downstream effects of that combined with capping may be a problem.
+    /**
+     * Create a right circular cylinder or cone from the given base centers and radii.
+     * * The circular cross sections are perpendicular to the axis line between the centers.
+     * * Both radii must be of the same sign, and at least one radius must be nonzero.
+     * * Negative radii are accepted to create an interior surface, however the downstream effects of this, combined with capping, may be problematic.
+     */
+    static createAxisPoints(centerA: Point3d, centerB: Point3d, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped?: boolean): Cone | undefined;
+    /**
+     * Create a general cone from cross sections parallel to the plane spanned by the given vectors.
+     * * Circular cross sections are indicated by perpendicular vectors of the same length.
+     * * Elliptical cross sections are indicated by non-perpendicular vectors, or vectors of different lengths.
+     * * Cross sectional planes do not have to be perpendicular to the axis line between centers.
+     * * Cross section size is affected both by the given vector lengths and radii. To avoid unexpected scaling,
+     * pass orthonormal vectors for circular cross sections, or unit radii for elliptical cross sections.
+     * * There is no validation of the input radii. For best results, they should be nonnegative, and at least one should be nonzero.
      */
-    static createAxisPoints(centerA: Point3d, centerB: Point3d, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped: boolean): Cone | undefined;
-    /** create a cylinder or cone from axis start and end with cross section defined by vectors that do not need to be perpendicular to each other or
-     * to the axis.
+    static createBaseAndTarget(centerA: Point3d, centerB: Point3d, vectorX: Vector3d, vectorY: Vector3d, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped?: boolean): Cone;
+    /**
+     * Create a circular cone from the typical parameters of the DGN file.
+     * * This method calls [[createBaseAndTarget]] with normalized vectors, `vectorY` squared against `vectorX`, and
+     * `radiusA` and `radiusB` scaled by the original length of `vectorX`.
+     * * These restrictions allow the cone to be represented by an element in the DGN file.
      */
-    static createBaseAndTarget(centerA: Point3d, centerB: Point3d, vectorX: Vector3d, vectorY: Vector3d, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped: boolean): Cone;
+    static createDgnCone(centerA: Point3d, centerB: Point3d, vectorX: Vector3d, vectorY: Vector3d, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped?: boolean): Cone | undefined;
     /** (Property accessor) Return the center point at the base plane */
     getCenterA(): Point3d;
     /** (Property accessor) */
@@ -65,7 +90,7 @@ export declare class Cone extends SolidPrimitive implements UVSurface, UVSurface
     getRadiusA(): number;
     /** (Property accessor) return the radius at the top plane */
     getRadiusB(): number;
-    /** (Property accessor) return the larger of the base and top plane radii */
+    /** (Property accessor) return the larger of radiusA and radiusB */
     getMaxRadius(): number;
     /** (Property accessor) return the radius at fraction `v` along the axis */
     vFractionToRadius(v: number): number;

package/lib/cjs/solid/Cone.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"Cone.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/solid/Cone.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAUA,OAAO,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AAC3D,OAAO,EAAE,aAAa,EAAE,MAAM,wBAAwB,CAAC;AACvD,OAAO,EAAE,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,uBAAuB,CAAC;AAErD,OAAO,EAAE,aAAa,EAAE,MAAM,wBAAwB,CAAC;AAEvD,OAAO,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,8BAA8B,EAAE,MAAM,+BAA+B,CAAC;AAE3G,OAAO,EAAE,yBAAyB,EAAE,MAAM,yCAAyC,CAAC;AACpF,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,+BAA+B,CAAC;AACzD,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,+BAA+B,CAAC;AAClE,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,qBAAqB,CAAC;AAC9C,OAAO,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,yBAAyB,CAAC;AACpD,OAAO,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,kBAAkB,CAAC;AAElD;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAaG;AACH,qBAAa,IAAK,SAAQ,cAAe,YAAW,SAAS,EAAE,8BAA8B;IAC3F,wCAAwC;IACxC,SAAgB,kBAAkB,UAAU;IAE5C,+FAA+F;IAC/F,OAAO,CAAC,aAAa,CAAY;IACjC,yEAAyE;IACzE,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAS;IACzB,yEAAyE;IACzE,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAS;IACzB,wCAAwC;IACxC,OAAO,CAAC,UAAU,CAAS;IAE3B,oCAAoC;IACpC,SAAS,aAAa,GAAG,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO;IAOvF,mCAAmC;IAC5B,KAAK,IAAI,IAAI;IAGpB;;;;OAIG;IACI,oBAAoB,IAAI,SAAS,GAAG,SAAS;IAGpD;;;OAGG;IACI,mBAAmB,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,SAAS,GAAG,OAAO;IAMzD;;;OAGG;IACI,gBAAgB,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,SAAS,GAAG,IAAI,GAAG,SAAS;IAI/D;;;;;OAKG;WACW,gBAAgB,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,GAAG,IAAI,GAAG,SAAS;IAgBxI;;;;;;;;OAQG;WACW,mBAAmB,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,GAAG,IAAI;IAQrK;;;;;OAKG;WACW,aAAa,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,GAAG,IAAI,GAAG,SAAS;IAS3K,oEAAoE;IAC7D,UAAU,IAAI,OAAO;IAC5B,0BAA0B;IACnB,UAAU,IAAI,OAAO;IAC5B,iEAAiE;IAC1D,UAAU,IAAI,QAAQ;IAC7B,iEAAiE;IAC1D,UAAU,IAAI,QAAQ;IAC7B,8DAA8D;IACvD,UAAU,IAAI,MAAM;IAC3B,6DAA6D;IACtD,UAAU,IAAI,MAAM;IAC3B,mEAAmE;IAC5D,YAAY,IAAI,MAAM;IAC7B,2EAA2E;IACpE,iBAAiB,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,MAAM;IAC3C,mEAAmE;IAC5D,mBAAmB,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,GAAG,GAAG,OAAO;IAC/C,iEAAiE;IACjD,aAAa,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,aAAa,GAAG,OAAO;IAS5D,wEAAwE;IACjE,yBAAyB,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,eAAe,GAAG,GAAG;IAI/D;;;;;;;;;;OAUG;IACI,sBAAsB,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,gBAAgB,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,OAAO,CAAC,EAAE,aAAa,GAAG,YAAY;IAwD1G;;;OAGG;IACI,gBAAgB,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,eAAe,GAAG,SAAS;IAQvE,kEAAkE;IAC3D,WAAW,CAAC,aAAa,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,SAAS,CAAC,EAAE,SAAS,GAAG,IAAI;IAMvE;;;;OAIG;IACI,iBAAiB,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,OAAO,GAAG,OAAO;IAOzF;;;;OAIG;IACI,4BAA4B,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,yBAAyB,GAAG,yBAAyB;IAaxI;;OAEG;IACH,IAAW,cAAc,IAAI,OAAO,CAEnC;IACD;;;;OAIG;IACI,wBAAwB,IAAI,QAAQ;CAY5C"}

package/lib/cjs/solid/Cone.js

@@ -19,20 +19,31 @@ const Point3dVector3d_1 = require("../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d");
 const Transform_1 = require("../geometry3d/Transform");
 const SolidPrimitive_1 = require("./SolidPrimitive");
 /**
- * A cone with axis along the z axis of a (possibly skewed) local coordinate system.
- *
- * * In local coordinates, the sections at z=0 and z=1 are circles of radius r0 and r1.
- * * Either one individually  may be zero, but they may not both be zero.
- * * The stored matrix has unit vectors in the xy columns, and full-length z column.
+ * A cone with axis along the z-axis of a (possibly skewed) local coordinate system.
+ * * The curved surface of the cone `C` with axis `vectorZ = centerB - centerA` is parameterized over (u,v) in [0,1]x[0,1] by
+ * `C(u,v) = centerA + vFractionToRadius(v) * (cos(u * 2pi) * vectorX + sin(u * 2pi) * vectorY) + v * vectorZ`.
+ * * Either radius may be zero, but they may not both be zero.
+ * * Cross section size is determined by the lengths of `vectorX`, `vectorY`, and the radii.
+ * * If `vectorX` and `vectorY` are orthonormal, the cross sections are circular, with sections at v = 0 and v = 1 having radius
+ * `radiusA` and `radiusB`, respectively; otherwise, the cross sections are elliptical.
+ * * The stored matrix encapsulates `vectorX`, `vectorY`, and `vectorZ` in the respective columns. Typically the first two columns
+ * are orthogonal and unit length, and the last is full length.
+ * * Creating a Cone without orthogonal xy-axes of equal length is possible, but not recommended, for the resulting geometry
+ * lacks portability; for example, such a Cone cannot be represented as a DGN element (see [[createDgnCone]]).
  * @public
  */
 class Cone extends SolidPrimitive_1.SolidPrimitive {
     /** String name for schema properties */
     solidPrimitiveType = "cone";
-    _localToWorld; // Transform from local to global.
-    _radiusA; // nominal radius at z=0.  skewed axes may make it an ellipse
-    _radiusB; // radius at z=1.  skewed axes may make it an ellipse
-    _maxRadius; // maximum radius anywhere on the cone.
+    /** Local to world transform. Axes may have any nonzero length and may be non-perpendicular. */
+    _localToWorld;
+    /** Nominal cross sectional radius at z=0 (scales the cone's xy-axes). */
+    _radiusA;
+    /** Nominal cross sectional radius at z=1 (scales the cone's xy-axes). */
+    _radiusB;
+    /** Maximum of _radiusA and _radiusB. */
+    _maxRadius;
+    /** Constructor, inputs CONSUMED. */
     constructor(map, radiusA, radiusB, capped) {
         super(capped);
         this._localToWorld = map;
@@ -70,10 +81,11 @@ class Cone extends SolidPrimitive_1.SolidPrimitive {
         const result = this.clone();
         return result.tryTransformInPlace(transform) ? result : undefined;
     }
-    /** create a cylinder or cone from two endpoints and their radii.   The circular cross sections are perpendicular to the axis line
-     * from start to end point.
-     * * both radii must be of the same sign.
-     * * negative radius is accepted to create interior surface.    Downstream effects of that combined with capping may be a problem.
+    /**
+     * Create a right circular cylinder or cone from the given base centers and radii.
+     * * The circular cross sections are perpendicular to the axis line between the centers.
+     * * Both radii must be of the same sign, and at least one radius must be nonzero.
+     * * Negative radii are accepted to create an interior surface, however the downstream effects of this, combined with capping, may be problematic.
      */
     static createAxisPoints(centerA, centerB, radiusA, radiusB, capped) {
         const zDirection = centerA.vectorTo(centerB);
@@ -92,17 +104,37 @@ class Cone extends SolidPrimitive_1.SolidPrimitive {
         const matrix = Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRigidHeadsUp(zDirection);
         matrix.scaleColumns(1.0, 1.0, a, matrix);
         const localToWorld = Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(centerA, matrix);
-        return new Cone(localToWorld, radiusA, radiusB, capped);
+        return new Cone(localToWorld, radiusA, radiusB, capped ?? false);
     }
-    /** create a cylinder or cone from axis start and end with cross section defined by vectors that do not need to be perpendicular to each other or
-     * to the axis.
+    /**
+     * Create a general cone from cross sections parallel to the plane spanned by the given vectors.
+     * * Circular cross sections are indicated by perpendicular vectors of the same length.
+     * * Elliptical cross sections are indicated by non-perpendicular vectors, or vectors of different lengths.
+     * * Cross sectional planes do not have to be perpendicular to the axis line between centers.
+     * * Cross section size is affected both by the given vector lengths and radii. To avoid unexpected scaling,
+     * pass orthonormal vectors for circular cross sections, or unit radii for elliptical cross sections.
+     * * There is no validation of the input radii. For best results, they should be nonnegative, and at least one should be nonzero.
      */
     static createBaseAndTarget(centerA, centerB, vectorX, vectorY, radiusA, radiusB, capped) {
         radiusA = Math.abs(Geometry_1.Geometry.correctSmallMetricDistance(radiusA));
         radiusB = Math.abs(Geometry_1.Geometry.correctSmallMetricDistance(radiusB));
         const vectorZ = centerA.vectorTo(centerB);
         const localToWorld = Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrixColumns(centerA, vectorX, vectorY, vectorZ);
-        return new Cone(localToWorld, radiusA, radiusB, capped);
+        return new Cone(localToWorld, radiusA, radiusB, capped ?? false);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Create a circular cone from the typical parameters of the DGN file.
+     * * This method calls [[createBaseAndTarget]] with normalized vectors, `vectorY` squared against `vectorX`, and
+     * `radiusA` and `radiusB` scaled by the original length of `vectorX`.
+     * * These restrictions allow the cone to be represented by an element in the DGN file.
+     */
+    static createDgnCone(centerA, centerB, vectorX, vectorY, radiusA, radiusB, capped) {
+        const rigidMatrix = Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRigidFromColumns(vectorX, vectorY, Geometry_1.AxisOrder.XYZ);
+        if (rigidMatrix) {
+            const vectorXMag = vectorX.magnitude();
+            return this.createBaseAndTarget(centerA, centerB, rigidMatrix.columnX(), rigidMatrix.columnY(), radiusA * vectorXMag, radiusB * vectorXMag, capped);
+        }
+        return undefined;
     }
     /** (Property accessor) Return the center point at the base plane */
     getCenterA() { return this._localToWorld.multiplyXYZ(0, 0, 0); }
@@ -116,7 +148,7 @@ class Cone extends SolidPrimitive_1.SolidPrimitive {
     getRadiusA() { return this._radiusA; }
     /** (Property accessor) return the radius at the top plane */
     getRadiusB() { return this._radiusB; }
-    /** (Property accessor) return the larger of the base and top plane radii */
+    /** (Property accessor) return the larger of radiusA and radiusB */
     getMaxRadius() { return this._maxRadius; }
     /** (Property accessor) return the radius at fraction `v` along the axis */
     vFractionToRadius(v) { return Geometry_1.Geometry.interpolate(this._radiusA, v, this._radiusB); }

package/lib/cjs/solid/Cone.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n/** @packageDocumentation\n * @module Solid\n */\n\nimport { Arc3d } from \"../curve/Arc3d\";\nimport { CurveCollection } from \"../curve/CurveCollection\";\nimport { GeometryQuery } from \"../curve/GeometryQuery\";\nimport { LineString3d } from \"../curve/LineString3d\";\nimport { Loop } from \"../curve/Loop\";\nimport { StrokeOptions } from \"../curve/StrokeOptions\";\nimport { Geometry } from \"../Geometry\";\nimport { GeometryHandler, UVSurface, UVSurfaceIsoParametricDistance } from \"../geometry3d/GeometryHandler\";\nimport { Matrix3d } from \"../geometry3d/Matrix3d\";\nimport { Plane3dByOriginAndVectors } from \"../geometry3d/Plane3dByOriginAndVectors\";\nimport { Vector2d } from \"../geometry3d/Point2dVector2d\";\nimport { Point3d, Vector3d } from \"../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d\";\nimport { Range3d } from \"../geometry3d/Range\";\nimport { Transform } from \"../geometry3d/Transform\";\nimport { SolidPrimitive } from \"./SolidPrimitive\";\n\n/**\n * A cone with axis along the z axis of a (possibly skewed) local coordinate system.\n *\n * * In local coordinates, the sections at z=0 and z=1 are circles of radius r0 and r1.\n * * Either one individually  may be zero, but they may not both be zero.\n * * The stored matrix has unit vectors in the xy columns, and full-length z column.\n * @public\n */\nexport class Cone extends SolidPrimitive implements UVSurface, UVSurfaceIsoParametricDistance {\n  /** String name for schema properties */\n  public readonly solidPrimitiveType = \"cone\";\n\n  private _localToWorld: Transform;       // Transform from local to global.\n  private _radiusA: number;    // nominal radius at z=0.  skewed axes may make it an ellipse\n  private _radiusB: number;    // radius at z=1.  skewed axes may make it an ellipse\n  private _maxRadius: number; // maximum radius anywhere on the cone.\n  protected constructor(map: Transform, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped: boolean) {\n    super(capped);\n    this._localToWorld = map;\n    this._radiusA = radiusA;\n    this._radiusB = radiusB;\n    this._maxRadius = Math.max(this._radiusA, this._radiusB);  // um... should resolve elliptical sections\n  }\n  /** Return a clone of this Cone. */\n  public clone(): Cone {\n    return new Cone(this._localToWorld.clone(), this._radiusA, this._radiusB, this.capped);\n  }\n  /** Return a coordinate frame (right handed unit vectors)\n   * * origin at center of the base circle.\n   * * base circle in the xy plane\n   * * z axis by right hand rule.\n   */\n  public getConstructiveFrame(): Transform | undefined {\n    return this._localToWorld.cloneRigid();\n  }\n  /** Apply the transform to this cone's local to world coordinates.\n   * * Note that the radii are not changed.  Scaling is absorbed into the frame.\n   * * This fails if the transformation is singular.\n   */\n  public tryTransformInPlace(transform: Transform): boolean {\n    if (transform.matrix.isSingular())\n      return false;\n    transform.multiplyTransformTransform(this._localToWorld, this._localToWorld);\n    return true;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Create a clone and immediately transform the clone.\n   * * This fails if the transformation is singular.\n   */\n  public cloneTransformed(transform: Transform): Cone | undefined {\n    const result = this.clone();\n    return result.tryTransformInPlace(transform) ? result : undefined;\n  }\n  /** create a cylinder or cone from two endpoints and their radii.   The circular cross sections are perpendicular to the axis line\n   * from start to end point.\n   * * both radii must be of the same sign.\n   * * negative radius is accepted to create interior surface.    Downstream effects of that combined with capping may be a problem.\n   */\n  public static createAxisPoints(centerA: Point3d, centerB: Point3d, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped: boolean): Cone | undefined {\n    const zDirection = centerA.vectorTo(centerB);\n    const a = zDirection.magnitude();\n    if (Geometry.isSmallMetricDistance(a)) return undefined;\n    // force near-zero radii to true zero\n    radiusA = Geometry.correctSmallMetricDistance(radiusA);\n    radiusB = Geometry.correctSmallMetricDistance(radiusB);\n    // cone tip may not be \"within\" the z range.\n    if (radiusA * radiusB < 0.0) return undefined;\n    // at least one must be nonzero.\n    if (radiusA + radiusB === 0.0) return undefined;\n    const matrix = Matrix3d.createRigidHeadsUp(zDirection);\n    matrix.scaleColumns(1.0, 1.0, a, matrix);\n    const localToWorld = Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(centerA, matrix);\n    return new Cone(localToWorld, radiusA, radiusB, capped);\n  }\n  /** create a cylinder or cone from axis start and end with cross section defined by vectors that do not need to be perpendicular to each other or\n   * to the axis.\n   */\n  public static createBaseAndTarget(centerA: Point3d, centerB: Point3d, vectorX: Vector3d, vectorY: Vector3d, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped: boolean) {\n    radiusA = Math.abs(Geometry.correctSmallMetricDistance(radiusA));\n    radiusB = Math.abs(Geometry.correctSmallMetricDistance(radiusB));\n    const vectorZ = centerA.vectorTo(centerB);\n    const localToWorld = Transform.createOriginAndMatrixColumns(centerA, vectorX, vectorY, vectorZ);\n    return new Cone(localToWorld, radiusA, radiusB, capped);\n  }\n  /** (Property accessor) Return the center point at the base plane */\n  public getCenterA(): Point3d { return this._localToWorld.multiplyXYZ(0, 0, 0); }\n  /** (Property accessor) */\n  public getCenterB(): Point3d { return this._localToWorld.multiplyXYZ(0, 0, 1); }\n  /** (Property accessor) Return the x vector in the local frame */\n  public getVectorX(): Vector3d { return this._localToWorld.matrix.columnX(); }\n  /** (Property accessor) Return the y vector in the local frame */\n  public getVectorY(): Vector3d { return this._localToWorld.matrix.columnY(); }\n  /** (Property accessor) return the radius at the base plane */\n  public getRadiusA(): number { return this._radiusA; }\n  /** (Property accessor) return the radius at the top plane */\n  public getRadiusB(): number { return this._radiusB; }\n  /** (Property accessor) return the larger of the base and top plane radii */\n  public getMaxRadius(): number { return this._maxRadius; }\n  /** (Property accessor) return the radius at fraction `v` along the axis */\n  public vFractionToRadius(v: number): number { return Geometry.interpolate(this._radiusA, v, this._radiusB); }\n  /** (Property accessor) test if `other` is an instance of `Cone` */\n  public isSameGeometryClass(other: any): boolean { return other instanceof Cone; }\n  /** (Property accessor) Test for nearly equal coordinate data. */\n  public override isAlmostEqual(other: GeometryQuery): boolean {\n    if (other instanceof Cone) {\n      if (this.capped !== other.capped) return false;\n      if (!this._localToWorld.isAlmostEqualAllowZRotation(other._localToWorld)) return false;\n      return Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this._radiusA, other._radiusA)\n        && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this._radiusB, other._radiusB);\n    }\n    return false;\n  }\n  /** Second step of double dispatch:   call `handler.handleCone(this)` */\n  public dispatchToGeometryHandler(handler: GeometryHandler): any {\n    return handler.handleCone(this);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   *  return strokes for a cross-section (elliptic arc) at specified fraction v along the axis.\n   * * fixedStrokeCount takes priority over stroke options.\n   * * The linestring is created by LineString3d.createForStrokes (fixedStrokeCount, options), which sets up property according to the options:\n   *   * optional fractions member\n   *   * optional uvParams.  uvParams are installed as full-scale distance parameters.\n   *   * optional derivatives.\n   * @param v fractional position along the cone axis\n   * @param fixedStrokeCount optional stroke count.\n   * @param options optional stroke options.\n   */\n  public strokeConstantVSection(v: number, fixedStrokeCount?: number, options?: StrokeOptions): LineString3d {\n    let strokeCount = 16;\n    if (fixedStrokeCount !== undefined)\n      strokeCount = fixedStrokeCount;\n    else if (options !== undefined)\n      strokeCount = options.defaultCircleStrokes;   // NEEDS WORK -- get circle stroke count with this.maxRadius !!!\n    else {\n      // accept the local default\n    }\n    strokeCount = Geometry.clampToStartEnd(strokeCount, 4, 64);\n    const r = this.vFractionToRadius(v);\n    const result = LineString3d.createForStrokes(fixedStrokeCount, options);\n    const twoPi = Math.PI * 2.0;\n    const deltaRadians = twoPi / strokeCount;\n    let radians = 0;\n    const fractions = result.fractions;     // possibly undefined !!!\n    const derivatives = result.packedDerivatives; // possibly undefined !!!\n    const uvParams = result.packedUVParams; // possibly undefined !!\n    const surfaceNormals = result.packedSurfaceNormals;\n    const xyz = Point3d.create();\n    const dXdu = Vector3d.create();\n    const dXdv = Vector3d.create();\n    const normal = Vector3d.create();\n    const transform = this._localToWorld;\n    let rc, rs, cc, ss;\n    for (let i = 0; i <= strokeCount; i++) {\n      if (i * 2 <= strokeCount)\n        radians = i * deltaRadians;\n      else\n        radians = (i - strokeCount) * deltaRadians;\n      cc = Math.cos(radians);\n      ss = Math.sin(radians);\n      rc = r * cc;\n      rs = r * ss;\n\n      transform.multiplyXYZ(rc, rs, v, xyz);\n      result.addPoint(xyz);\n      if (fractions)\n        fractions.push(i / strokeCount);\n      if (derivatives) {\n        transform.matrix.multiplyXYZ(-rs * twoPi, rc * twoPi, 0.0, dXdu);\n        derivatives.push(dXdu);\n      }\n      if (surfaceNormals) {\n        // the along-hoop vector does not need to be scaled by radius -- just need the direction for a cross product.\n        transform.matrix.multiplyXYZ(-ss, cc, 0.0, dXdu);\n        transform.matrix.multiplyXYZ(0, 0, 1, dXdv);\n        dXdu.unitCrossProduct(dXdv, normal);\n        surfaceNormals.push(normal);\n      }\n      if (uvParams) {\n        uvParams.pushXY(i / strokeCount, v);\n      }\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the Arc3d section at vFraction\n   * @param vFraction fractional position along the sweep direction\n   */\n  public constantVSection(vFraction: number): CurveCollection | undefined {\n    const r = this.vFractionToRadius(vFraction);\n    const transform = this._localToWorld;\n    const center = transform.multiplyXYZ(0, 0, vFraction);\n    const vector0 = transform.matrix.multiplyXYZ(r, 0, 0);\n    const vector90 = transform.matrix.multiplyXYZ(0, r, 0);\n    return Loop.create(Arc3d.create(center, vector0, vector90));\n  }\n  /** Extend `rangeToExtend` so it includes this `Cone` instance. */\n  public extendRange(rangeToExtend: Range3d, transform?: Transform): void {\n    const arc0 = this.constantVSection(0.0)!;\n    const arc1 = this.constantVSection(1.0)!;\n    arc0.extendRange(rangeToExtend, transform);\n    arc1.extendRange(rangeToExtend, transform);\n  }\n  /** Evaluate a point on the Cone surfaces, with\n   * * v = 0 is the base plane.\n   * * v = 1 is the top plane\n   * * u = 0 to u = 1 wraps the angular range.\n   */\n  public uvFractionToPoint(uFraction: number, vFraction: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d {\n    const theta = uFraction * Math.PI * 2.0;\n    const r = Geometry.interpolate(this._radiusA, vFraction, this._radiusB);\n    const cosTheta = Math.cos(theta);\n    const sinTheta = Math.sin(theta);\n    return this._localToWorld.multiplyXYZ(r * cosTheta, r * sinTheta, vFraction, result);\n  }\n  /** Evaluate a point tangent plane on the Cone surfaces, with\n   * * v = 0 is the base plane.\n   * * v = 1 is the top plane\n   * * u = 0 to u = 1 wraps the angular range.\n   */\n  public uvFractionToPointAndTangents(uFraction: number, vFraction: number, result?: Plane3dByOriginAndVectors): Plane3dByOriginAndVectors {\n    const theta = uFraction * Math.PI * 2.0;\n    const r = Geometry.interpolate(this._radiusA, vFraction, this._radiusB);\n    const drdv = this._radiusB - this._radiusA;\n    const cosTheta = Math.cos(theta);\n    const sinTheta = Math.sin(theta);\n    const fTheta = 2.0 * Math.PI;\n    return Plane3dByOriginAndVectors.createOriginAndVectors(\n      this._localToWorld.multiplyXYZ(r * cosTheta, r * sinTheta, vFraction),\n      this._localToWorld.multiplyVectorXYZ(-r * sinTheta * fTheta, r * cosTheta * fTheta, 0),\n      this._localToWorld.multiplyVectorXYZ(drdv * cosTheta, drdv * sinTheta, 1.0),\n      result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * @return true if this is a closed volume.\n   */\n  public get isClosedVolume(): boolean {\n    return this.capped;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Directional distance query\n   * * u direction is around longitude circle at maximum distance from axis.\n   * * v direction is on a line of longitude between the latitude limits.\n   */\n  public maxIsoParametricDistance(): Vector2d {\n    const vectorX = this._localToWorld.matrix.columnX();\n    const vectorY = this._localToWorld.matrix.columnY();\n    const columnZ = this._localToWorld.matrix.columnZ();\n\n    const xyNormal = vectorX.unitCrossProduct(vectorY)!;\n    const hZ = xyNormal.dotProduct(columnZ);\n    const zSkewVector = columnZ.plusScaled(xyNormal, hZ);\n    const zSkewDistance = zSkewVector.magnitudeXY();\n    return Vector2d.create(Math.PI * 2 * Math.max(this._radiusA, this._radiusB),\n      Geometry.hypotenuseXY(Math.abs(this._radiusB - this._radiusA) + zSkewDistance, hZ));\n  }\n}\n"]}
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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n/** @packageDocumentation\n * @module Solid\n */\n\nimport { Arc3d } from \"../curve/Arc3d\";\nimport { CurveCollection } from \"../curve/CurveCollection\";\nimport { GeometryQuery } from \"../curve/GeometryQuery\";\nimport { LineString3d } from \"../curve/LineString3d\";\nimport { Loop } from \"../curve/Loop\";\nimport { StrokeOptions } from \"../curve/StrokeOptions\";\nimport { AxisOrder, Geometry } from \"../Geometry\";\nimport { GeometryHandler, UVSurface, UVSurfaceIsoParametricDistance } from \"../geometry3d/GeometryHandler\";\nimport { Matrix3d } from \"../geometry3d/Matrix3d\";\nimport { Plane3dByOriginAndVectors } from \"../geometry3d/Plane3dByOriginAndVectors\";\nimport { Vector2d } from \"../geometry3d/Point2dVector2d\";\nimport { Point3d, Vector3d } from \"../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d\";\nimport { Range3d } from \"../geometry3d/Range\";\nimport { Transform } from \"../geometry3d/Transform\";\nimport { SolidPrimitive } from \"./SolidPrimitive\";\n\n/**\n * A cone with axis along the z-axis of a (possibly skewed) local coordinate system.\n * * The curved surface of the cone `C` with axis `vectorZ = centerB - centerA` is parameterized over (u,v) in [0,1]x[0,1] by\n * `C(u,v) = centerA + vFractionToRadius(v) * (cos(u * 2pi) * vectorX + sin(u * 2pi) * vectorY) + v * vectorZ`.\n * * Either radius may be zero, but they may not both be zero.\n * * Cross section size is determined by the lengths of `vectorX`, `vectorY`, and the radii.\n * * If `vectorX` and `vectorY` are orthonormal, the cross sections are circular, with sections at v = 0 and v = 1 having radius\n * `radiusA` and `radiusB`, respectively; otherwise, the cross sections are elliptical.\n * * The stored matrix encapsulates `vectorX`, `vectorY`, and `vectorZ` in the respective columns. Typically the first two columns\n * are orthogonal and unit length, and the last is full length.\n * * Creating a Cone without orthogonal xy-axes of equal length is possible, but not recommended, for the resulting geometry\n * lacks portability; for example, such a Cone cannot be represented as a DGN element (see [[createDgnCone]]).\n * @public\n */\nexport class Cone extends SolidPrimitive implements UVSurface, UVSurfaceIsoParametricDistance {\n  /** String name for schema properties */\n  public readonly solidPrimitiveType = \"cone\";\n\n  /** Local to world transform. Axes may have any nonzero length and may be non-perpendicular. */\n  private _localToWorld: Transform;\n  /** Nominal cross sectional radius at z=0 (scales the cone's xy-axes). */\n  private _radiusA: number;\n  /** Nominal cross sectional radius at z=1 (scales the cone's xy-axes). */\n  private _radiusB: number;\n  /** Maximum of _radiusA and _radiusB. */\n  private _maxRadius: number;\n\n  /** Constructor, inputs CONSUMED. */\n  protected constructor(map: Transform, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped: boolean) {\n    super(capped);\n    this._localToWorld = map;\n    this._radiusA = radiusA;\n    this._radiusB = radiusB;\n    this._maxRadius = Math.max(this._radiusA, this._radiusB);  // um... should resolve elliptical sections\n  }\n  /** Return a clone of this Cone. */\n  public clone(): Cone {\n    return new Cone(this._localToWorld.clone(), this._radiusA, this._radiusB, this.capped);\n  }\n  /** Return a coordinate frame (right handed unit vectors)\n   * * origin at center of the base circle.\n   * * base circle in the xy plane\n   * * z axis by right hand rule.\n   */\n  public getConstructiveFrame(): Transform | undefined {\n    return this._localToWorld.cloneRigid();\n  }\n  /** Apply the transform to this cone's local to world coordinates.\n   * * Note that the radii are not changed.  Scaling is absorbed into the frame.\n   * * This fails if the transformation is singular.\n   */\n  public tryTransformInPlace(transform: Transform): boolean {\n    if (transform.matrix.isSingular())\n      return false;\n    transform.multiplyTransformTransform(this._localToWorld, this._localToWorld);\n    return true;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Create a clone and immediately transform the clone.\n   * * This fails if the transformation is singular.\n   */\n  public cloneTransformed(transform: Transform): Cone | undefined {\n    const result = this.clone();\n    return result.tryTransformInPlace(transform) ? result : undefined;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Create a right circular cylinder or cone from the given base centers and radii.\n   * * The circular cross sections are perpendicular to the axis line between the centers.\n   * * Both radii must be of the same sign, and at least one radius must be nonzero.\n   * * Negative radii are accepted to create an interior surface, however the downstream effects of this, combined with capping, may be problematic.\n   */\n  public static createAxisPoints(centerA: Point3d, centerB: Point3d, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped?: boolean): Cone | undefined {\n    const zDirection = centerA.vectorTo(centerB);\n    const a = zDirection.magnitude();\n    if (Geometry.isSmallMetricDistance(a)) return undefined;\n    // force near-zero radii to true zero\n    radiusA = Geometry.correctSmallMetricDistance(radiusA);\n    radiusB = Geometry.correctSmallMetricDistance(radiusB);\n    // cone tip may not be \"within\" the z range.\n    if (radiusA * radiusB < 0.0) return undefined;\n    // at least one must be nonzero.\n    if (radiusA + radiusB === 0.0) return undefined;\n    const matrix = Matrix3d.createRigidHeadsUp(zDirection);\n    matrix.scaleColumns(1.0, 1.0, a, matrix);\n    const localToWorld = Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(centerA, matrix);\n    return new Cone(localToWorld, radiusA, radiusB, capped ?? false);\n  }\n  /**\n   * Create a general cone from cross sections parallel to the plane spanned by the given vectors.\n   * * Circular cross sections are indicated by perpendicular vectors of the same length.\n   * * Elliptical cross sections are indicated by non-perpendicular vectors, or vectors of different lengths.\n   * * Cross sectional planes do not have to be perpendicular to the axis line between centers.\n   * * Cross section size is affected both by the given vector lengths and radii. To avoid unexpected scaling,\n   * pass orthonormal vectors for circular cross sections, or unit radii for elliptical cross sections.\n   * * There is no validation of the input radii. For best results, they should be nonnegative, and at least one should be nonzero.\n   */\n  public static createBaseAndTarget(centerA: Point3d, centerB: Point3d, vectorX: Vector3d, vectorY: Vector3d, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped?: boolean): Cone {\n    radiusA = Math.abs(Geometry.correctSmallMetricDistance(radiusA));\n    radiusB = Math.abs(Geometry.correctSmallMetricDistance(radiusB));\n    const vectorZ = centerA.vectorTo(centerB);\n    const localToWorld = Transform.createOriginAndMatrixColumns(centerA, vectorX, vectorY, vectorZ);\n    return new Cone(localToWorld, radiusA, radiusB, capped ?? false);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Create a circular cone from the typical parameters of the DGN file.\n   * * This method calls [[createBaseAndTarget]] with normalized vectors, `vectorY` squared against `vectorX`, and\n   * `radiusA` and `radiusB` scaled by the original length of `vectorX`.\n   * * These restrictions allow the cone to be represented by an element in the DGN file.\n   */\n  public static createDgnCone(centerA: Point3d, centerB: Point3d, vectorX: Vector3d, vectorY: Vector3d, radiusA: number, radiusB: number, capped?: boolean): Cone | undefined {\n    const rigidMatrix = Matrix3d.createRigidFromColumns(vectorX, vectorY, AxisOrder.XYZ);\n    if (rigidMatrix) {\n      const vectorXMag = vectorX.magnitude();\n      return this.createBaseAndTarget(centerA, centerB, rigidMatrix.columnX(), rigidMatrix.columnY(), radiusA * vectorXMag, radiusB * vectorXMag, capped);\n    }\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  /** (Property accessor) Return the center point at the base plane */\n  public getCenterA(): Point3d { return this._localToWorld.multiplyXYZ(0, 0, 0); }\n  /** (Property accessor) */\n  public getCenterB(): Point3d { return this._localToWorld.multiplyXYZ(0, 0, 1); }\n  /** (Property accessor) Return the x vector in the local frame */\n  public getVectorX(): Vector3d { return this._localToWorld.matrix.columnX(); }\n  /** (Property accessor) Return the y vector in the local frame */\n  public getVectorY(): Vector3d { return this._localToWorld.matrix.columnY(); }\n  /** (Property accessor) return the radius at the base plane */\n  public getRadiusA(): number { return this._radiusA; }\n  /** (Property accessor) return the radius at the top plane */\n  public getRadiusB(): number { return this._radiusB; }\n  /** (Property accessor) return the larger of radiusA and radiusB */\n  public getMaxRadius(): number { return this._maxRadius; }\n  /** (Property accessor) return the radius at fraction `v` along the axis */\n  public vFractionToRadius(v: number): number { return Geometry.interpolate(this._radiusA, v, this._radiusB); }\n  /** (Property accessor) test if `other` is an instance of `Cone` */\n  public isSameGeometryClass(other: any): boolean { return other instanceof Cone; }\n  /** (Property accessor) Test for nearly equal coordinate data. */\n  public override isAlmostEqual(other: GeometryQuery): boolean {\n    if (other instanceof Cone) {\n      if (this.capped !== other.capped) return false;\n      if (!this._localToWorld.isAlmostEqualAllowZRotation(other._localToWorld)) return false;\n      return Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this._radiusA, other._radiusA)\n        && Geometry.isSameCoordinate(this._radiusB, other._radiusB);\n    }\n    return false;\n  }\n  /** Second step of double dispatch:   call `handler.handleCone(this)` */\n  public dispatchToGeometryHandler(handler: GeometryHandler): any {\n    return handler.handleCone(this);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   *  return strokes for a cross-section (elliptic arc) at specified fraction v along the axis.\n   * * fixedStrokeCount takes priority over stroke options.\n   * * The linestring is created by LineString3d.createForStrokes (fixedStrokeCount, options), which sets up property according to the options:\n   *   * optional fractions member\n   *   * optional uvParams.  uvParams are installed as full-scale distance parameters.\n   *   * optional derivatives.\n   * @param v fractional position along the cone axis\n   * @param fixedStrokeCount optional stroke count.\n   * @param options optional stroke options.\n   */\n  public strokeConstantVSection(v: number, fixedStrokeCount?: number, options?: StrokeOptions): LineString3d {\n    let strokeCount = 16;\n    if (fixedStrokeCount !== undefined)\n      strokeCount = fixedStrokeCount;\n    else if (options !== undefined)\n      strokeCount = options.defaultCircleStrokes;   // NEEDS WORK -- get circle stroke count with this.maxRadius !!!\n    else {\n      // accept the local default\n    }\n    strokeCount = Geometry.clampToStartEnd(strokeCount, 4, 64);\n    const r = this.vFractionToRadius(v);\n    const result = LineString3d.createForStrokes(fixedStrokeCount, options);\n    const twoPi = Math.PI * 2.0;\n    const deltaRadians = twoPi / strokeCount;\n    let radians = 0;\n    const fractions = result.fractions;     // possibly undefined !!!\n    const derivatives = result.packedDerivatives; // possibly undefined !!!\n    const uvParams = result.packedUVParams; // possibly undefined !!\n    const surfaceNormals = result.packedSurfaceNormals;\n    const xyz = Point3d.create();\n    const dXdu = Vector3d.create();\n    const dXdv = Vector3d.create();\n    const normal = Vector3d.create();\n    const transform = this._localToWorld;\n    let rc, rs, cc, ss;\n    for (let i = 0; i <= strokeCount; i++) {\n      if (i * 2 <= strokeCount)\n        radians = i * deltaRadians;\n      else\n        radians = (i - strokeCount) * deltaRadians;\n      cc = Math.cos(radians);\n      ss = Math.sin(radians);\n      rc = r * cc;\n      rs = r * ss;\n\n      transform.multiplyXYZ(rc, rs, v, xyz);\n      result.addPoint(xyz);\n      if (fractions)\n        fractions.push(i / strokeCount);\n      if (derivatives) {\n        transform.matrix.multiplyXYZ(-rs * twoPi, rc * twoPi, 0.0, dXdu);\n        derivatives.push(dXdu);\n      }\n      if (surfaceNormals) {\n        // the along-hoop vector does not need to be scaled by radius -- just need the direction for a cross product.\n        transform.matrix.multiplyXYZ(-ss, cc, 0.0, dXdu);\n        transform.matrix.multiplyXYZ(0, 0, 1, dXdv);\n        dXdu.unitCrossProduct(dXdv, normal);\n        surfaceNormals.push(normal);\n      }\n      if (uvParams) {\n        uvParams.pushXY(i / strokeCount, v);\n      }\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Return the Arc3d section at vFraction\n   * @param vFraction fractional position along the sweep direction\n   */\n  public constantVSection(vFraction: number): CurveCollection | undefined {\n    const r = this.vFractionToRadius(vFraction);\n    const transform = this._localToWorld;\n    const center = transform.multiplyXYZ(0, 0, vFraction);\n    const vector0 = transform.matrix.multiplyXYZ(r, 0, 0);\n    const vector90 = transform.matrix.multiplyXYZ(0, r, 0);\n    return Loop.create(Arc3d.create(center, vector0, vector90));\n  }\n  /** Extend `rangeToExtend` so it includes this `Cone` instance. */\n  public extendRange(rangeToExtend: Range3d, transform?: Transform): void {\n    const arc0 = this.constantVSection(0.0)!;\n    const arc1 = this.constantVSection(1.0)!;\n    arc0.extendRange(rangeToExtend, transform);\n    arc1.extendRange(rangeToExtend, transform);\n  }\n  /** Evaluate a point on the Cone surfaces, with\n   * * v = 0 is the base plane.\n   * * v = 1 is the top plane\n   * * u = 0 to u = 1 wraps the angular range.\n   */\n  public uvFractionToPoint(uFraction: number, vFraction: number, result?: Point3d): Point3d {\n    const theta = uFraction * Math.PI * 2.0;\n    const r = Geometry.interpolate(this._radiusA, vFraction, this._radiusB);\n    const cosTheta = Math.cos(theta);\n    const sinTheta = Math.sin(theta);\n    return this._localToWorld.multiplyXYZ(r * cosTheta, r * sinTheta, vFraction, result);\n  }\n  /** Evaluate a point tangent plane on the Cone surfaces, with\n   * * v = 0 is the base plane.\n   * * v = 1 is the top plane\n   * * u = 0 to u = 1 wraps the angular range.\n   */\n  public uvFractionToPointAndTangents(uFraction: number, vFraction: number, result?: Plane3dByOriginAndVectors): Plane3dByOriginAndVectors {\n    const theta = uFraction * Math.PI * 2.0;\n    const r = Geometry.interpolate(this._radiusA, vFraction, this._radiusB);\n    const drdv = this._radiusB - this._radiusA;\n    const cosTheta = Math.cos(theta);\n    const sinTheta = Math.sin(theta);\n    const fTheta = 2.0 * Math.PI;\n    return Plane3dByOriginAndVectors.createOriginAndVectors(\n      this._localToWorld.multiplyXYZ(r * cosTheta, r * sinTheta, vFraction),\n      this._localToWorld.multiplyVectorXYZ(-r * sinTheta * fTheta, r * cosTheta * fTheta, 0),\n      this._localToWorld.multiplyVectorXYZ(drdv * cosTheta, drdv * sinTheta, 1.0),\n      result);\n  }\n  /**\n   * @return true if this is a closed volume.\n   */\n  public get isClosedVolume(): boolean {\n    return this.capped;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Directional distance query\n   * * u direction is around longitude circle at maximum distance from axis.\n   * * v direction is on a line of longitude between the latitude limits.\n   */\n  public maxIsoParametricDistance(): Vector2d {\n    const vectorX = this._localToWorld.matrix.columnX();\n    const vectorY = this._localToWorld.matrix.columnY();\n    const columnZ = this._localToWorld.matrix.columnZ();\n\n    const xyNormal = vectorX.unitCrossProduct(vectorY)!;\n    const hZ = xyNormal.dotProduct(columnZ);\n    const zSkewVector = columnZ.plusScaled(xyNormal, hZ);\n    const zSkewDistance = zSkewVector.magnitudeXY();\n    return Vector2d.create(Math.PI * 2 * Math.max(this._radiusA, this._radiusB),\n      Geometry.hypotenuseXY(Math.abs(this._radiusB - this._radiusA) + zSkewDistance, hZ));\n  }\n}\n"]}

package/lib/cjs/solid/Sphere.d.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
-import { CurveCollection } from "../curve/CurveCollection";
+/** @packageDocumentation
+ * @module Solid
+ */
+import { Arc3d } from "../curve/Arc3d";
 import { GeometryQuery } from "../curve/GeometryQuery";
 import { LineString3d } from "../curve/LineString3d";
+import { Loop } from "../curve/Loop";
 import { StrokeOptions } from "../curve/StrokeOptions";
 import { AngleSweep } from "../geometry3d/AngleSweep";
 import { GeometryHandler, UVSurface } from "../geometry3d/GeometryHandler";
@@ -12,11 +16,11 @@ import { Range3d } from "../geometry3d/Range";
 import { Transform } from "../geometry3d/Transform";
 import { SolidPrimitive } from "./SolidPrimitive";
 /**
- * A Sphere is
- *
- * * A unit sphere (but read on ....)
- * * mapped by an arbitrary (possibly skewed, non-uniform scaled) transform
- * * hence possibly the final geometry is ellipsoidal
+ * A sphere mapped by an arbitrary transform.
+ * * Typically, the stored matrix has orthogonal columns. In this case, if two columns have equal length, the
+ * resulting geometry is ellipsoidal; if all three columns have equal length, the resulting geometry is a sphere.
+ * * Creating a Sphere without orthogonal columns is possible, but not recommended, for the resulting geometry
+ * lacks portability; for example, such a Sphere cannot be represented as a DGN element (see [[createDgnSphere]]).
  * @public
  */
 export declare class Sphere extends SolidPrimitive implements UVSurface {
@@ -42,22 +46,29 @@ export declare class Sphere extends SolidPrimitive implements UVSurface {
      * * Fails if the transform is singular.
     */
     cloneTransformed(transform: Transform): Sphere | undefined;
-    /** Return a coordinate frame (right handed, unit axes)
-     * * origin at sphere center
-     * * equator in xy plane
-     * * z axis perpendicular
+    /**
+     * Construct a rigid coordinate frame from the local coordinate frame.
+     * * The returned frame is right-handed, with perpendicular unit axes.
+     * * Compare to [[cloneLocalToWorld]].
      */
     getConstructiveFrame(): Transform | undefined;
     /** Return the latitude sweep as fraction of south pole to north pole. */
     get latitudeSweepFraction(): number;
     /** Create from center and radius, with optional restricted latitudes. */
-    static createCenterRadius(center: Point3d, radius: number, latitudeSweep?: AngleSweep): Sphere;
+    static createCenterRadius(center: Point3d, radius: number, latitudeSweep?: AngleSweep, capped?: boolean): Sphere;
     /** Create an ellipsoid which is a unit sphere mapped to position by an (arbitrary, possibly skewed and scaled) transform. */
-    static createEllipsoid(localToWorld: Transform, latitudeSweep: AngleSweep, capped: boolean): Sphere | undefined;
-    /** Create a sphere from the typical parameters of the Dgn file */
-    static createDgnSphere(center: Point3d, vectorX: Vector3d, vectorZ: Vector3d, radiusXY: number, radiusZ: number, latitudeSweep: AngleSweep, capped: boolean): Sphere | undefined;
-    /** Create a sphere from the typical parameters of the Dgn file */
-    static createFromAxesAndScales(center: Point3d, axes: undefined | Matrix3d, radiusX: number, radiusY: number, radiusZ: number, latitudeSweep: AngleSweep | undefined, capped: boolean): Sphere | undefined;
+    static createEllipsoid(localToWorld: Transform, latitudeSweep?: AngleSweep, capped?: boolean): Sphere | undefined;
+    /**
+     * Create a sphere from the typical parameters of the DGN file.
+     * * This method normalizes the input vectors, squares `vectorX` against `vectorZ`, and scales the radii by the vectors' original lengths.
+     * * These restrictions allow the sphere to be represented by an element in the DGN file.
+     */
+    static createDgnSphere(center: Point3d, vectorX: Vector3d, vectorZ: Vector3d, radiusXY: number, radiusZ: number, latitudeSweep?: AngleSweep, capped?: boolean): Sphere | undefined;
+    /**
+     * Create a sphere.
+     * * If `axes` is supplied, its columns are scaled by the radii to form the sphere's local frame.
+    */
+    static createFromAxesAndScales(center: Point3d, axes: undefined | Matrix3d, radiusX: number, radiusY: number, radiusZ: number, latitudeSweep?: AngleSweep, capped?: boolean): Sphere | undefined;
     /** return (copy of) sphere center */
     cloneCenter(): Point3d;
     /** return the (full length, i.e. scaled by radius) X vector from the sphere transform */
@@ -76,6 +87,7 @@ export declare class Sphere extends SolidPrimitive implements UVSurface {
     maxAxisRadius(): number;
     /**
      * Return a (clone of) the sphere's local to world transformation.
+     * * Compare to [[getConstructiveFrame]].
      */
     cloneLocalToWorld(): Transform;
     /** Test if `other` is a `Sphere` */
@@ -97,11 +109,16 @@ export declare class Sphere extends SolidPrimitive implements UVSurface {
     strokeConstantVSection(v: number, fixedStrokeCount?: number, options?: StrokeOptions): LineString3d;
     /** Second step of double dispatch:  call `handler.handleSphere(this)` */
     dispatchToGeometryHandler(handler: GeometryHandler): any;
+    /**
+     * Return the Arc3d section at uFraction.  For the sphere, this is a meridian arc.
+     * @param uFraction fractional position along the equator.
+     */
+    constantUSection(uFraction: number): Arc3d;
     /**
      * Return the Arc3d section at vFraction.  For the sphere, this is a latitude circle.
      * @param vFraction fractional position along the sweep direction
      */
-    constantVSection(vFraction: number): CurveCollection | undefined;
+    constantVSection(vFraction: number): Loop;
     /** Extend a range to contain this sphere. */
     extendRange(range: Range3d, transform?: Transform): void;
     /** Evaluate as a uv surface

package/lib/cjs/solid/Sphere.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/lib/cjs/solid/Sphere.js

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ const LineString3d_1 = require("../curve/LineString3d");
 const Loop_1 = require("../curve/Loop");
 const StrokeOptions_1 = require("../curve/StrokeOptions");
 const Geometry_1 = require("../Geometry");
+const Angle_1 = require("../geometry3d/Angle");
 const AngleSweep_1 = require("../geometry3d/AngleSweep");
 const Matrix3d_1 = require("../geometry3d/Matrix3d");
 const Plane3dByOriginAndVectors_1 = require("../geometry3d/Plane3dByOriginAndVectors");
@@ -21,11 +22,11 @@ const Point3dVector3d_1 = require("../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d");
 const Transform_1 = require("../geometry3d/Transform");
 const SolidPrimitive_1 = require("./SolidPrimitive");
 /**
- * A Sphere is
- *
- * * A unit sphere (but read on ....)
- * * mapped by an arbitrary (possibly skewed, non-uniform scaled) transform
- * * hence possibly the final geometry is ellipsoidal
+ * A sphere mapped by an arbitrary transform.
+ * * Typically, the stored matrix has orthogonal columns. In this case, if two columns have equal length, the
+ * resulting geometry is ellipsoidal; if all three columns have equal length, the resulting geometry is a sphere.
+ * * Creating a Sphere without orthogonal columns is possible, but not recommended, for the resulting geometry
+ * lacks portability; for example, such a Sphere cannot be represented as a DGN element (see [[createDgnSphere]]).
  * @public
  */
 class Sphere extends SolidPrimitive_1.SolidPrimitive {
@@ -72,10 +73,10 @@ class Sphere extends SolidPrimitive_1.SolidPrimitive {
         const result = this.clone();
         return result.tryTransformInPlace(transform) ? result : undefined;
     }
-    /** Return a coordinate frame (right handed, unit axes)
-     * * origin at sphere center
-     * * equator in xy plane
-     * * z axis perpendicular
+    /**
+     * Construct a rigid coordinate frame from the local coordinate frame.
+     * * The returned frame is right-handed, with perpendicular unit axes.
+     * * Compare to [[cloneLocalToWorld]].
      */
     getConstructiveFrame() {
         return this._localToWorld.cloneRigid();
@@ -83,30 +84,37 @@ class Sphere extends SolidPrimitive_1.SolidPrimitive {
     /** Return the latitude sweep as fraction of south pole to north pole. */
     get latitudeSweepFraction() { return this._latitudeSweep.sweepRadians / Math.PI; }
     /** Create from center and radius, with optional restricted latitudes. */
-    static createCenterRadius(center, radius, latitudeSweep) {
+    static createCenterRadius(center, radius, latitudeSweep, capped) {
         const localToWorld = Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(center, Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createUniformScale(radius));
-        return new Sphere(localToWorld, latitudeSweep ? latitudeSweep.clone() : AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createFullLatitude(), false);
+        return new Sphere(localToWorld, latitudeSweep ? latitudeSweep.clone() : AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createFullLatitude(), capped ?? false);
     }
     /** Create an ellipsoid which is a unit sphere mapped to position by an (arbitrary, possibly skewed and scaled) transform. */
     static createEllipsoid(localToWorld, latitudeSweep, capped) {
-        return new Sphere(localToWorld.clone(), latitudeSweep.clone(), capped);
+        return new Sphere(localToWorld.clone(), latitudeSweep ? latitudeSweep.clone() : AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createFullLatitude(), capped ?? false);
     }
-    /** Create a sphere from the typical parameters of the Dgn file */
+    /**
+     * Create a sphere from the typical parameters of the DGN file.
+     * * This method normalizes the input vectors, squares `vectorX` against `vectorZ`, and scales the radii by the vectors' original lengths.
+     * * These restrictions allow the sphere to be represented by an element in the DGN file.
+     */
     static createDgnSphere(center, vectorX, vectorZ, radiusXY, radiusZ, latitudeSweep, capped) {
-        const vectorY = vectorX.rotate90Around(vectorZ);
-        if (vectorY && !vectorX.isParallelTo(vectorZ)) {
-            const matrix = Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createColumns(vectorX, vectorY, vectorZ);
-            matrix.scaleColumns(radiusXY, radiusXY, radiusZ, matrix);
-            const frame = Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(center, matrix);
-            return new Sphere(frame, latitudeSweep.clone(), capped);
+        const rigidMatrix = Matrix3d_1.Matrix3d.createRigidFromColumns(vectorZ, vectorX, Geometry_1.AxisOrder.ZXY);
+        if (rigidMatrix) {
+            radiusXY *= vectorX.magnitude();
+            rigidMatrix.scaleColumns(radiusXY, radiusXY, radiusZ * vectorZ.magnitude(), rigidMatrix);
+            const frame = Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(center, rigidMatrix);
+            return new Sphere(frame, latitudeSweep ? latitudeSweep.clone() : AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createFullLatitude(), capped ?? false);
         }
         return undefined;
     }
-    /** Create a sphere from the typical parameters of the Dgn file */
+    /**
+     * Create a sphere.
+     * * If `axes` is supplied, its columns are scaled by the radii to form the sphere's local frame.
+    */
     static createFromAxesAndScales(center, axes, radiusX, radiusY, radiusZ, latitudeSweep, capped) {
         const localToWorld = Transform_1.Transform.createOriginAndMatrix(center, axes);
         localToWorld.matrix.scaleColumnsInPlace(radiusX, radiusY, radiusZ);
-        return new Sphere(localToWorld, latitudeSweep ? latitudeSweep.clone() : AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createFullLatitude(), capped);
+        return new Sphere(localToWorld, latitudeSweep ? latitudeSweep.clone() : AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.createFullLatitude(), capped ?? false);
     }
     /** return (copy of) sphere center */
     cloneCenter() { return this._localToWorld.getOrigin(); }
@@ -136,8 +144,11 @@ class Sphere extends SolidPrimitive_1.SolidPrimitive {
     }
     /**
      * Return a (clone of) the sphere's local to world transformation.
+     * * Compare to [[getConstructiveFrame]].
      */
-    cloneLocalToWorld() { return this._localToWorld.clone(); }
+    cloneLocalToWorld() {
+        return this._localToWorld.clone();
+    }
     /** Test if `other` is a `Sphere` */
     isSameGeometryClass(other) { return other instanceof Sphere; }
     /** Test for same geometry in `other` */
@@ -218,6 +229,20 @@ class Sphere extends SolidPrimitive_1.SolidPrimitive {
     dispatchToGeometryHandler(handler) {
         return handler.handleSphere(this);
     }
+    /**
+     * Return the Arc3d section at uFraction.  For the sphere, this is a meridian arc.
+     * @param uFraction fractional position along the equator.
+     */
+    constantUSection(uFraction) {
+        const phi = AngleSweep_1.AngleSweep.fractionToSignedPeriodicFractionStartEnd(uFraction, 0, Angle_1.Angle.pi2Radians, false);
+        const s1 = Math.sin(phi);
+        const c1 = Math.cos(phi);
+        const transform = this._localToWorld;
+        const center = transform.getOrigin();
+        const vector0 = transform.matrix.multiplyXYZ(c1, s1, 0);
+        const vector90 = transform.matrix.multiplyXYZ(0, 0, 1);
+        return Arc3d_1.Arc3d.create(center, vector0, vector90, this._latitudeSweep);
+    }
     /**
      * Return the Arc3d section at vFraction.  For the sphere, this is a latitude circle.
      * @param vFraction fractional position along the sweep direction