@itwin/core-geometry 5.0.0-dev.114 → 5.0.0-dev.115

package/lib/esm/curve/RegionMomentsXY.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n/** @packageDocumentation\n * @module Curve\n */\n\n// import { Geometry, Angle, AngleSweep } from \"../Geometry\";\n\nimport { BSplineCurve3d } from \"../bspline/BSplineCurve\";\nimport { BSplineCurve3dH } from \"../bspline/BSplineCurve3dH\";\nimport { Angle } from \"../geometry3d/Angle\";\nimport { NullGeometryHandler } from \"../geometry3d/GeometryHandler\";\nimport { Point3d } from \"../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d\";\nimport { MomentData } from \"../geometry4d/MomentData\";\nimport { Arc3d } from \"./Arc3d\";\nimport { CurvePrimitive } from \"./CurvePrimitive\";\nimport { LineSegment3d } from \"./LineSegment3d\";\nimport { LineString3d } from \"./LineString3d\";\nimport { Loop } from \"./Loop\";\nimport { ParityRegion } from \"./ParityRegion\";\nimport { StrokeOptions } from \"./StrokeOptions\";\nimport { TransitionSpiral3d } from \"./spiral/TransitionSpiral3d\";\nimport { UnionRegion } from \"./UnionRegion\";\n\n/**\n * Implementation class for computing XY area moments.\n * @internal\n */\nexport class RegionMomentsXY extends NullGeometryHandler {\n  private _activeMomentData?: MomentData;\n  private _point0 = Point3d.create();\n  private _point1 = Point3d.create();\n\n  /** Accumulate (independent) integrations over\n   * * origin to chord of the arc.\n   * * origin to the \"cap\" between the chord and arc.\n   */\n  public override handleArc3d(arc: Arc3d): void {\n    const momentData = this._activeMomentData!;\n    const sweepRadians = arc.sweep.sweepRadians;\n    const alphaRadians = sweepRadians * 0.5;\n    // from https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/274936.pdf page 71  for radius = 1\n    let s = Math.sin(alphaRadians);\n    let c = Math.cos(alphaRadians);\n    let s1 = Math.sin(sweepRadians);\n    if (Angle.isFullCircleRadians(sweepRadians)) {\n      s = 0.0;\n      c = -1.0;\n      s1 = 0.0;\n    }\n    const q = 2 * s * s * s * c / (alphaRadians - s * c);\n    const s3 = s * s * s;\n    const s6 = s3 * s3;\n    const area = 0.5 * (sweepRadians - s1);\n    const inertiaXX = 0.25 * area * (1.0 - q / 3.0);\n    const inertiaYY1 = 0.25 * area * (1.0 + q);\n    const inertiaYY = inertiaYY1 - 4.0 * s6 / (9.0 * area);\n    const productXX = inertiaYY;\n    const productYY = inertiaXX;\n    const centerToCentroid = 4.0 * s * s * s / (3.0 * (sweepRadians - s1));\n    const midRadians = arc.sweep.fractionToRadians(0.5);\n    const centralPlane = arc.radiansToRotatedBasis(midRadians);\n    const centroid = centralPlane.origin.plusScaled(centralPlane.vectorU, centerToCentroid);\n    momentData.accumulateXYProductsInCentroidalFrame(productXX, 0.0, productYY, area, centroid, centralPlane.vectorU, centralPlane.vectorV);\n    const pointB = arc.fractionToPoint(0.0);\n    const pointC = arc.fractionToPoint(1.0);\n    momentData.accumulateTriangleMomentsXY(undefined, pointB, pointC);\n  }\n\n  /** Accumulate integrals over the (triangular) areas from the origin to each line segment */\n  public override handleLineString3d(ls: LineString3d): void {\n    const momentData = this._activeMomentData!;\n    momentData.accumulateTriangleToLineStringMomentsXY(undefined, ls.packedPoints);\n  }\n  /** Accumulate integrals over the (triangular) area from the origin to this line segment */\n  public override handleLineSegment3d(segment: LineSegment3d): void {\n    const momentData = this._activeMomentData!;\n    segment.startPoint(this._point0);\n    segment.endPoint(this._point1);\n    momentData.accumulateTriangleMomentsXY(undefined, this._point0, this._point1);\n  }\n  /** Accumulate integrals from origin to all primitives in the chain. */\n  public override handleLoop(loop: Loop): MomentData | undefined {\n    const momentData = this._activeMomentData = MomentData.create();\n    momentData.needOrigin = false;\n    for (const child of loop.children)\n      child.dispatchToGeometryHandler(this);\n    this._activeMomentData = undefined;\n    return momentData;\n  }\n  /**\n   * ASSUMPTIONS FOR ORIENTATION AND CONTAINMENT ISSUES\n   * * Largest area is outer\n   * * All others are interior (and not overlapping)\n   * Hence\n   * * Outer area sign must be positive -- negate all integrations as needed\n   * * Outer area signs must be positive -- negate all integrations as needed\n   * @param region\n   */\n  public override handleParityRegion(region: ParityRegion): MomentData | undefined {\n    const allChildMoments: MomentData[] = [];\n    let maxAbsArea = 0.0;\n    let largestChildMoments: MomentData | undefined;\n    for (const child of region.children) {\n      if (child instanceof Loop) {\n        const childMoments = this.handleLoop(child);\n        if (childMoments) {\n          allChildMoments.push(childMoments);\n          const q = Math.abs(childMoments.quantitySum);\n          if (q > maxAbsArea) {\n            maxAbsArea = q;\n            largestChildMoments = childMoments;\n          }\n\n        }\n      }\n    }\n    if (largestChildMoments) {\n      const summedMoments = MomentData.create();\n      const sign0 = largestChildMoments.signFactor(1.0);\n      summedMoments.accumulateProducts(largestChildMoments, sign0);\n      for (const childMoments of allChildMoments) {\n        if (childMoments !== largestChildMoments) {\n          const sign1 = childMoments.signFactor(-1.0);\n          summedMoments.accumulateProducts(childMoments, sign1);\n        }\n      }\n      return summedMoments;\n    }\n    return undefined;\n  }\n  /** Accumulate (as simple addition) products over each component of the union region. */\n  public override handleUnionRegion(region: UnionRegion): MomentData | undefined {\n    const summedMoments = MomentData.create();\n    for (const child of region.children) {\n      const childMoments = child.dispatchToGeometryHandler(this);\n      if (childMoments) {\n        const sign0 = childMoments.signFactor(1.0);\n        summedMoments.accumulateProducts(childMoments, sign0);\n      }\n    }\n    return summedMoments;\n  }\n\n  private _strokeOptions?: StrokeOptions;\n  private getStrokeOptions(): StrokeOptions {\n    if (this._strokeOptions)\n      return this._strokeOptions;\n    const options = StrokeOptions.createForCurves();\n    // this is unusually fine for stroking, but appropriate for sum.\n    options.angleTol = Angle.createDegrees(5.0);\n    this._strokeOptions = options;\n    return options;\n  }\n  /** Single curve primitive (not loop . . .).\n   * * stroke the curve\n   * * accumulate stroke array.\n   */\n  public handleCurvePrimitive(cp: CurvePrimitive) {\n    const strokes = LineString3d.create();\n    const options = this.getStrokeOptions();\n    cp.emitStrokes(strokes, options);\n    this.handleLineString3d(strokes);\n  }\n  /** handle strongly typed  BSplineCurve3d  as generic curve primitive */\n  public override handleBSplineCurve3d(g: BSplineCurve3d) { return this.handleCurvePrimitive(g); }\n  /** handle strongly typed  BSplineCurve3dH  as generic curve primitive */\n  public override handleBSplineCurve3dH(g: BSplineCurve3dH) { return this.handleCurvePrimitive(g); }\n  /** handle strongly typed  TransitionSpiral as generic curve primitive  */\n  public override handleTransitionSpiral(g: TransitionSpiral3d) { return this.handleCurvePrimitive(g); }\n\n}\n"]}
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All rights reserved.\n* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.\n*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/\n\n/** @packageDocumentation\n * @module Curve\n */\n\n// import { Geometry, Angle, AngleSweep } from \"../Geometry\";\n\nimport { BSplineCurve3d } from \"../bspline/BSplineCurve\";\nimport { BSplineCurve3dH } from \"../bspline/BSplineCurve3dH\";\nimport { Angle } from \"../geometry3d/Angle\";\nimport { NullGeometryHandler } from \"../geometry3d/GeometryHandler\";\nimport { Point3d } from \"../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d\";\nimport { MomentData } from \"../geometry4d/MomentData\";\nimport { Arc3d } from \"./Arc3d\";\nimport { CurvePrimitive } from \"./CurvePrimitive\";\nimport { AnyRegion } from \"./CurveTypes\";\nimport { LineSegment3d } from \"./LineSegment3d\";\nimport { LineString3d } from \"./LineString3d\";\nimport { Loop } from \"./Loop\";\nimport { ParityRegion } from \"./ParityRegion\";\nimport { RegionBinaryOpType, RegionOps } from \"./RegionOps\";\nimport { TransitionSpiral3d } from \"./spiral/TransitionSpiral3d\";\nimport { StrokeOptions } from \"./StrokeOptions\";\nimport { UnionRegion } from \"./UnionRegion\";\n\n/**\n * Implementation class for computing XY area moments.\n * @internal\n */\nexport class RegionMomentsXY extends NullGeometryHandler {\n  private _activeMomentData?: MomentData;\n  private _point0 = Point3d.create();\n  private _point1 = Point3d.create();\n  /**\n   * Accumulate (independent) integrations over:\n   * * The area between the arc and the chord connecting its endpoints.\n   * * The triangle with vertices: origin, arc start, arc end.\n   */\n  public override handleArc3d(arc: Arc3d): void {\n    const momentData = this._activeMomentData!;\n    const sweepRadians = arc.sweep.sweepRadians;\n    const alphaRadians = sweepRadians * 0.5;\n    let s = Math.sin(alphaRadians);\n    let c = Math.cos(alphaRadians);\n    let s1 = Math.sin(sweepRadians);\n    if (Angle.isFullCircleRadians(sweepRadians)) {\n      s = 0.0;\n      c = -1.0;\n      s1 = 0.0;\n    }\n    const q = 2 * s * s * s * c / (alphaRadians - s * c);\n    const s3 = s * s * s;\n    const s6 = s3 * s3;\n    const area = 0.5 * (sweepRadians - s1);\n    const inertiaXX = 0.25 * area * (1.0 - q / 3.0);\n    const inertiaYY1 = 0.25 * area * (1.0 + q);\n    const inertiaYY = inertiaYY1 - 4.0 * s6 / (9.0 * area);\n    const productXX = inertiaYY;\n    const productYY = inertiaXX;\n    const centerToCentroid = 4.0 * s * s * s / (3.0 * (sweepRadians - s1));\n    const midRadians = arc.sweep.fractionToRadians(0.5);\n    const centralPlane = arc.radiansToRotatedBasis(midRadians);\n    const centroid = centralPlane.origin.plusScaled(centralPlane.vectorU, centerToCentroid);\n    momentData.accumulateXYProductsInCentroidalFrame(\n      productXX, 0.0, productYY, area, centroid, centralPlane.vectorU, centralPlane.vectorV,\n    );\n    const pointB = arc.fractionToPoint(0.0);\n    const pointC = arc.fractionToPoint(1.0);\n    momentData.accumulateTriangleMomentsXY(undefined, pointB, pointC);\n  }\n  /** Accumulate integrals over the (triangular) areas from the origin to each line segment. */\n  public override handleLineString3d(ls: LineString3d): void {\n    const momentData = this._activeMomentData!;\n    momentData.accumulateTriangleToLineStringMomentsXY(undefined, ls.packedPoints);\n  }\n  /** Accumulate integrals over the (triangular) area from the origin to this line segment. */\n  public override handleLineSegment3d(segment: LineSegment3d): void {\n    const momentData = this._activeMomentData!;\n    segment.startPoint(this._point0);\n    segment.endPoint(this._point1);\n    momentData.accumulateTriangleMomentsXY(undefined, this._point0, this._point1);\n  }\n  /** Accumulate integrals from origin to all primitives in the chain. */\n  public override handleLoop(loop: Loop): MomentData | undefined {\n    const momentData = this._activeMomentData = MomentData.create();\n    momentData.needOrigin = false;\n    for (const child of loop.children)\n      child.dispatchToGeometryHandler(this);\n    this._activeMomentData = undefined;\n    return momentData;\n  }\n  private handleAnyRegion(region: AnyRegion): MomentData | undefined {\n    // guarantee there is no overlapping children\n    const merged = RegionOps.regionBooleanXY(region, undefined, RegionBinaryOpType.Union);\n    if (!merged)\n      return undefined;\n    if (merged instanceof Loop)\n      return this.handleLoop(merged);\n    const summedMoments = MomentData.create();\n    for (const child of merged.children) {\n      const childMoments = child.dispatchToGeometryHandler(this);\n      if (childMoments) {\n        const sign0 = childMoments.signFactor(1.0);\n        summedMoments.accumulateProducts(childMoments, sign0);\n      }\n    }\n    return summedMoments;\n  }\n  /** Accumulate integrals from origin to the components of the parity region. */\n  public override handleParityRegion(region: ParityRegion): MomentData | undefined {\n    return this.handleAnyRegion(region);\n  }\n  /** Accumulate integrals from origin to the components of the union region. */\n  public override handleUnionRegion(region: UnionRegion): MomentData | undefined {\n    return this.handleAnyRegion(region);\n  }\n  private _strokeOptions?: StrokeOptions;\n  private getStrokeOptions(): StrokeOptions {\n    if (this._strokeOptions)\n      return this._strokeOptions;\n    const options = StrokeOptions.createForCurves();\n    // this is unusually fine for stroking, but appropriate for sum.\n    options.angleTol = Angle.createDegrees(5.0);\n    this._strokeOptions = options;\n    return options;\n  }\n  /**\n   * Handle a single curve primitive (not loop).\n   * * Stroke the curve and accumulate stroke array.\n   */\n  public handleCurvePrimitive(cp: CurvePrimitive): void {\n    const strokes = LineString3d.create();\n    const options = this.getStrokeOptions();\n    cp.emitStrokes(strokes, options);\n    this.handleLineString3d(strokes);\n  }\n  /** Handle strongly typed  BSplineCurve3d  as generic curve primitive. */\n  public override handleBSplineCurve3d(g: BSplineCurve3d): void {\n    this.handleCurvePrimitive(g);\n  }\n  /** Handle strongly typed  BSplineCurve3dH  as generic curve primitive. */\n  public override handleBSplineCurve3dH(g: BSplineCurve3dH): void {\n    this.handleCurvePrimitive(g);\n  }\n  /** Handle strongly typed  TransitionSpiral as generic curve primitive. */\n  public override handleTransitionSpiral(g: TransitionSpiral3d): void {\n    this.handleCurvePrimitive(g);\n  }\n}\n"]}

package/lib/esm/curve/RegionOps.d.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { GrowableXYZArray } from "../geometry3d/GrowableXYZArray";
 import { IndexedXYZCollection, MultiLineStringDataVariant } from "../geometry3d/IndexedXYZCollection";
 import { Point3d } from "../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d";
 import { Range3d } from "../geometry3d/Range";
+import { Ray3d } from "../geometry3d/Ray3d";
 import { Transform } from "../geometry3d/Transform";
 import { MomentData } from "../geometry4d/MomentData";
 import { IndexedPolyface, Polyface } from "../polyface/Polyface";
@@ -48,37 +49,46 @@ export declare enum RegionBinaryOpType {
 export declare class RegionOps {
     /**
      * Return moment sums for a loop, parity region, or union region.
+     * * The input region should lie in a plane parallel to the xy-plane, as z-coords will be ignored.
      * * If `rawMomentData` is the MomentData returned by computeXYAreaMoments, convert to principal axes and moments with
-     *    call `principalMomentData = MomentData.inertiaProductsToPrincipalAxes (rawMomentData.origin, rawMomentData.sums);`
-     * @param root any Loop, ParityRegion, or UnionRegion.
+     * call `principalMomentData = MomentData.inertiaProductsToPrincipalAxes(rawMomentData.origin, rawMomentData.sums);`
+     * * `rawMomentData.origin` is the centroid of `region`.
+     * * `rawMomentData.sums.weight()` is the signed area of `region`.
+     * @param region any [[Loop]], [[ParityRegion]], or [[UnionRegion]].
      */
-    static computeXYAreaMoments(root: AnyRegion): MomentData | undefined;
+    static computeXYAreaMoments(region: AnyRegion): MomentData | undefined;
     /**
      * Return an area tolerance for a given xy-range and optional distance tolerance.
-     * @param range range of planar region to tolerance
-     * @param distanceTolerance optional absolute distance tolerance
+     * @param range range of planar region to tolerance.
+     * @param distanceTolerance optional absolute distance tolerance.
     */
     static computeXYAreaTolerance(range: Range3d, distanceTolerance?: number): number;
     /**
      * Return a (signed) xy area for a region.
-  <<<<<<< HEAD
-     * * The area is negative if and only if the region is oriented clockwise with respect to the positive z-axis.
-     * @param root any Loop, ParityRegion, or UnionRegion.
-  =======
      * * The input region should lie in a plane parallel to the xy-plane, as z-coords will be ignored.
-     * * For a non-self-intersecting Loop, the returned area is negative if and only if the Loop is oriented clockwise
-     * with respect to the positive z-axis.
+     * * The area is negative if and only if the region is oriented clockwise with respect to the positive z-axis.
      * @param region any [[Loop]], [[ParityRegion]], or [[UnionRegion]].
-  >>>>>>> 168574b454 (Utilize `PolyfaceData.edgeMateIndex` to speed up some `Polyface` methods (#8095))
      */
-    static computeXYArea(root: AnyRegion): number | undefined;
+    static computeXYArea(region: AnyRegion): number | undefined;
     /**
      * Return MomentData with the sums of wire moments.
+     * * The input curve should lie in a plane parallel to the xy-plane, as z-coords will be ignored.
      * * If `rawMomentData` is the MomentData returned by computeXYAreaMoments, convert to principal axes and moments with
-     *    call `principalMomentData = MomentData.inertiaProductsToPrincipalAxes (rawMomentData.origin, rawMomentData.sums);`
-     * @param root any CurveCollection or CurvePrimitive.
+     * call `principalMomentData = MomentData.inertiaProductsToPrincipalAxes (rawMomentData.origin, rawMomentData.sums);`
+     * * `rawMomentData.origin` is the wire centroid of `curve`.
+     * * `rawMomentData.sums.weight()` is the signed length of `curve`.
+     * @param curve any [[CurveCollection]] or [[CurvePrimitive]].
      */
-    static computeXYZWireMomentSums(root: AnyCurve): MomentData | undefined;
+    static computeXYZWireMomentSums(curve: AnyCurve): MomentData | undefined;
+    /**
+     * Return a [[Ray3d]] with:
+     * * `origin` is the centroid of the region,
+     * * `direction` is a unit vector perpendicular to the region plane,
+     * * `a` is the region area.
+     * @param region the region to process. Can lie in any plane.
+     * @param result optional pre-allocated result to populate and return.
+     */
+    static centroidAreaNormal(region: AnyRegion, result?: Ray3d): Ray3d | undefined;
     /**
      * Create loops in the graph.
      * @internal
@@ -127,6 +137,18 @@ export declare class RegionOps {
      * @param triangulate whether to triangulate the result
      */
     static polygonXYAreaDifferenceLoopsToPolyface(loopsA: MultiLineStringDataVariant, loopsB: MultiLineStringDataVariant, triangulate?: boolean): Polyface | undefined;
+    /**
+     * Simplify the type of the region by stripping redundant parent(s).
+     * * No Boolean operations are performed.
+     * * Invalid inputs (such as childless regions) are not corrected.
+     * @param region region to simplify
+     * @returns
+     * * For a [[UnionRegion]] with exactly one child, return it if it is a [[Loop]],
+     * or if it is a [[ParityRegion]] with multiple children, otherwise return the `ParityRegion`'s `Loop`.
+     * * For a `ParityRegion` with exactly one `Loop`, return it.
+     * * All other inputs returned unchanged.
+     */
+    static simplifyRegionType(region: AnyRegion): AnyRegion;
     /**
      * Return areas defined by a boolean operation.
      * @note For best results, input regions should have correctly oriented loops. See [[sortOuterAndHoleLoopsXY]].

package/lib/esm/curve/RegionOps.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/lib/esm/curve/RegionOps.js

@@ -6,13 +6,15 @@
  * @module Curve
  */
 import { Geometry } from "../Geometry";
+import { FrameBuilder } from "../geometry3d/FrameBuilder";
 import { GrowableXYZArray } from "../geometry3d/GrowableXYZArray";
 import { IndexedReadWriteXYZCollection, IndexedXYZCollection, } from "../geometry3d/IndexedXYZCollection";
 import { Point3dArrayCarrier } from "../geometry3d/Point3dArrayCarrier";
-import { Point3d } from "../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d";
+import { Point3d, Vector3d } from "../geometry3d/Point3dVector3d";
 import { PolygonOps } from "../geometry3d/PolygonOps";
 import { PolylineCompressionContext } from "../geometry3d/PolylineCompressionByEdgeOffset";
 import { Range3d } from "../geometry3d/Range";
+import { Ray3d } from "../geometry3d/Ray3d";
 import { SortablePolygon } from "../geometry3d/SortablePolygon";
 import { Transform } from "../geometry3d/Transform";
 import { MomentData } from "../geometry4d/MomentData";
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@ import { CurveWireMomentsXYZ } from "./CurveWireMomentsXYZ";
 import { GeometryQuery } from "./GeometryQuery";
 import { ChainCollectorContext } from "./internalContexts/ChainCollectorContext";
 import { PolygonWireOffsetContext } from "./internalContexts/PolygonOffsetContext";
+import { TransferWithSplitArcs } from "./internalContexts/TransferWithSplitArcs";
 import { LineString3d } from "./LineString3d";
 import { Loop } from "./Loop";
 import { OffsetOptions } from "./OffsetOptions";
@@ -68,13 +71,16 @@ export var RegionBinaryOpType;
 export class RegionOps {
     /**
      * Return moment sums for a loop, parity region, or union region.
+     * * The input region should lie in a plane parallel to the xy-plane, as z-coords will be ignored.
      * * If `rawMomentData` is the MomentData returned by computeXYAreaMoments, convert to principal axes and moments with
-     *    call `principalMomentData = MomentData.inertiaProductsToPrincipalAxes (rawMomentData.origin, rawMomentData.sums);`
-     * @param root any Loop, ParityRegion, or UnionRegion.
+     * call `principalMomentData = MomentData.inertiaProductsToPrincipalAxes(rawMomentData.origin, rawMomentData.sums);`
+     * * `rawMomentData.origin` is the centroid of `region`.
+     * * `rawMomentData.sums.weight()` is the signed area of `region`.
+     * @param region any [[Loop]], [[ParityRegion]], or [[UnionRegion]].
      */
-    static computeXYAreaMoments(root) {
+    static computeXYAreaMoments(region) {
         const handler = new RegionMomentsXY();
-        const result = root.dispatchToGeometryHandler(handler);
+        const result = region.dispatchToGeometryHandler(handler);
         if (result instanceof MomentData) {
             result.shiftOriginAndSumsToCentroidOfSums();
             return result;
@@ -83,8 +89,8 @@ export class RegionOps {
     }
     /**
      * Return an area tolerance for a given xy-range and optional distance tolerance.
-     * @param range range of planar region to tolerance
-     * @param distanceTolerance optional absolute distance tolerance
+     * @param range range of planar region to tolerance.
+     * @param distanceTolerance optional absolute distance tolerance.
     */
     static computeXYAreaTolerance(range, distanceTolerance = Geometry.smallMetricDistance) {
         // if A = bh and e is distance tolerance, then A' := (b+e/2)(h+e/2) = A + e/2(b+h+e/2), so A'-A = e/2(b+h+e/2).
@@ -93,19 +99,13 @@ export class RegionOps {
     }
     /**
      * Return a (signed) xy area for a region.
-  <<<<<<< HEAD
-     * * The area is negative if and only if the region is oriented clockwise with respect to the positive z-axis.
-     * @param root any Loop, ParityRegion, or UnionRegion.
-  =======
      * * The input region should lie in a plane parallel to the xy-plane, as z-coords will be ignored.
-     * * For a non-self-intersecting Loop, the returned area is negative if and only if the Loop is oriented clockwise
-     * with respect to the positive z-axis.
+     * * The area is negative if and only if the region is oriented clockwise with respect to the positive z-axis.
      * @param region any [[Loop]], [[ParityRegion]], or [[UnionRegion]].
-  >>>>>>> 168574b454 (Utilize `PolyfaceData.edgeMateIndex` to speed up some `Polyface` methods (#8095))
      */
-    static computeXYArea(root) {
+    static computeXYArea(region) {
         const handler = new RegionMomentsXY();
-        const result = root.dispatchToGeometryHandler(handler);
+        const result = region.dispatchToGeometryHandler(handler);
         if (result instanceof MomentData) {
             return result.quantitySum;
         }
@@ -113,17 +113,56 @@ export class RegionOps {
     }
     /**
      * Return MomentData with the sums of wire moments.
+     * * The input curve should lie in a plane parallel to the xy-plane, as z-coords will be ignored.
      * * If `rawMomentData` is the MomentData returned by computeXYAreaMoments, convert to principal axes and moments with
-     *    call `principalMomentData = MomentData.inertiaProductsToPrincipalAxes (rawMomentData.origin, rawMomentData.sums);`
-     * @param root any CurveCollection or CurvePrimitive.
+     * call `principalMomentData = MomentData.inertiaProductsToPrincipalAxes (rawMomentData.origin, rawMomentData.sums);`
+     * * `rawMomentData.origin` is the wire centroid of `curve`.
+     * * `rawMomentData.sums.weight()` is the signed length of `curve`.
+     * @param curve any [[CurveCollection]] or [[CurvePrimitive]].
      */
-    static computeXYZWireMomentSums(root) {
+    static computeXYZWireMomentSums(curve) {
         const handler = new CurveWireMomentsXYZ();
-        handler.visitLeaves(root);
+        handler.visitLeaves(curve);
         const result = handler.momentData;
         result.shiftOriginAndSumsToCentroidOfSums();
         return result;
     }
+    /**
+     * Return a [[Ray3d]] with:
+     * * `origin` is the centroid of the region,
+     * * `direction` is a unit vector perpendicular to the region plane,
+     * * `a` is the region area.
+     * @param region the region to process. Can lie in any plane.
+     * @param result optional pre-allocated result to populate and return.
+     */
+    static centroidAreaNormal(region, result) {
+        const localToWorld = FrameBuilder.createRightHandedFrame(undefined, region);
+        if (!localToWorld)
+            return undefined;
+        const normal = localToWorld.matrix.columnZ(result?.direction);
+        const regionIsXY = normal.isParallelTo(Vector3d.unitZ(), true);
+        let regionXY = region;
+        if (!regionIsXY) { // rotate the region to be parallel to the xy-plane
+            regionXY = region.cloneTransformed(localToWorld.inverse());
+            if (!regionXY)
+                return undefined;
+        }
+        const momentData = RegionOps.computeXYAreaMoments(regionXY);
+        if (!momentData)
+            return undefined;
+        const centroid = momentData.origin.clone(result?.origin);
+        if (!regionIsXY) // rotate centroid back (area is unchanged)
+            localToWorld.multiplyPoint3d(centroid, centroid);
+        let area = momentData.sums.weight();
+        if (area < 0.0) {
+            area = -area;
+            normal.scale(-1.0, normal);
+        }
+        if (!result)
+            result = Ray3d.createCapture(centroid, normal);
+        result.a = area;
+        return result;
+    }
     /**
      * Create loops in the graph.
      * @internal
@@ -241,6 +280,28 @@ export class RegionOps {
         const graph = RegionOpsFaceToFaceSearch.doPolygonBoolean(loopsA, loopsB, (inA, inB) => (inA && !inB), this._graphCheckPointFunction);
         return this.finishGraphToPolyface(graph, triangulate);
     }
+    /**
+     * Simplify the type of the region by stripping redundant parent(s).
+     * * No Boolean operations are performed.
+     * * Invalid inputs (such as childless regions) are not corrected.
+     * @param region region to simplify
+     * @returns
+     * * For a [[UnionRegion]] with exactly one child, return it if it is a [[Loop]],
+     * or if it is a [[ParityRegion]] with multiple children, otherwise return the `ParityRegion`'s `Loop`.
+     * * For a `ParityRegion` with exactly one `Loop`, return it.
+     * * All other inputs returned unchanged.
+     */
+    static simplifyRegionType(region) {
+        if (region instanceof UnionRegion) {
+            if (region.children.length === 1)
+                return this.simplifyRegionType(region.children[0]);
+        }
+        else if (region instanceof ParityRegion) {
+            if (region.children.length === 1)
+                return region.children[0];
+        }
+        return region;
+    }
     /**
      * Return areas defined by a boolean operation.
      * @note For best results, input regions should have correctly oriented loops. See [[sortOuterAndHoleLoopsXY]].
@@ -254,8 +315,6 @@ export class RegionOps {
      * to connect interior loops to exterior loops.
      */
     static regionBooleanXY(loopsA, loopsB, operation, mergeTolerance = Geometry.smallMetricDistance) {
-        // Always return UnionRegion for now. But keep return type as AnyRegion:
-        // in the future, we might return the *simplest* region type.
         const result = UnionRegion.create();
         const context = RegionBooleanContext.create(RegionGroupOpType.Union, RegionGroupOpType.Union);
         context.addMembers(loopsA, loopsB);
@@ -274,7 +333,7 @@ export class RegionOps {
                     result.tryAddChild(loop);
             }
         });
-        return result;
+        return result ? this.simplifyRegionType(result) : undefined;
     }
     /**
      * Return a polyface whose facets are a boolean operation between the input regions.
@@ -610,7 +669,8 @@ export class RegionOps {
      * to the edge and a constituent curve in each.
      */
     static constructAllXYRegionLoops(curvesAndRegions, tolerance = Geometry.smallMetricDistance) {
-        const primitives = RegionOps.collectCurvePrimitives(curvesAndRegions, undefined, true, true);
+        let primitives = RegionOps.collectCurvePrimitives(curvesAndRegions, undefined, true, true);
+        primitives = TransferWithSplitArcs.clone(BagOfCurves.create(...primitives)).children;
         const range = this.curveArrayRange(primitives);
         const areaTol = this.computeXYAreaTolerance(range, tolerance);
         const intersections = CurveCurve.allIntersectionsAmongPrimitivesXY(primitives, tolerance);