@itwin/core-backend 5.0.0-dev.11 → 5.0.0-dev.111

package/lib/esm/test/imodel/IModel.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,2626 @@
+var __addDisposableResource = (this && this.__addDisposableResource) || function (env, value, async) {
+    if (value !== null && value !== void 0) {
+        if (typeof value !== "object" && typeof value !== "function") throw new TypeError("Object expected.");
+        var dispose, inner;
+        if (async) {
+            if (!Symbol.asyncDispose) throw new TypeError("Symbol.asyncDispose is not defined.");
+            dispose = value[Symbol.asyncDispose];
+        }
+        if (dispose === void 0) {
+            if (!Symbol.dispose) throw new TypeError("Symbol.dispose is not defined.");
+            dispose = value[Symbol.dispose];
+            if (async) inner = dispose;
+        }
+        if (typeof dispose !== "function") throw new TypeError("Object not disposable.");
+        if (inner) dispose = function() { try { inner.call(this); } catch (e) { return Promise.reject(e); } };
+        env.stack.push({ value: value, dispose: dispose, async: async });
+    }
+    else if (async) {
+        env.stack.push({ async: true });
+    }
+    return value;
+};
+var __disposeResources = (this && this.__disposeResources) || (function (SuppressedError) {
+    return function (env) {
+        function fail(e) {
+            env.error = env.hasError ? new SuppressedError(e, env.error, "An error was suppressed during disposal.") : e;
+            env.hasError = true;
+        }
+        var r, s = 0;
+        function next() {
+            while (r = env.stack.pop()) {
+                try {
+                    if (!r.async && s === 1) return s = 0, env.stack.push(r), Promise.resolve().then(next);
+                    if (r.dispose) {
+                        var result = r.dispose.call(r.value);
+                        if (r.async) return s |= 2, Promise.resolve(result).then(next, function(e) { fail(e); return next(); });
+                    }
+                    else s |= 1;
+                }
+                catch (e) {
+                    fail(e);
+                }
+            }
+            if (s === 1) return env.hasError ? Promise.reject(env.error) : Promise.resolve();
+            if (env.hasError) throw env.error;
+        }
+        return next();
+    };
+})(typeof SuppressedError === "function" ? SuppressedError : function (error, suppressed, message) {
+    var e = new Error(message);
+    return e.name = "SuppressedError", e.error = error, e.suppressed = suppressed, e;
+});
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+* Copyright (c) Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All rights reserved.
+* See LICENSE.md in the project root for license terms and full copyright notice.
+*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+import { assert, expect } from "chai";
+import * as path from "path";
+import * as semver from "semver";
+import * as sinon from "sinon";
+import { DbResult, Guid, Id64, IModelStatus, Logger, OpenMode, ProcessDetector } from "@itwin/core-bentley";
+import { BisCodeSpec, BriefcaseIdValue, Code, CodeScopeSpec, CodeSpec, ColorByName, ColorDef, DisplayStyleSettings, EcefLocation, FontMap, FontType, GeoCoordStatus, GeographicCRS, GeometryParams, GeometryStreamBuilder, ImageSourceFormat, IModel, IModelError, RelatedElement, RenderMode, SchemaState, SubCategoryAppearance, TextureMapping, TextureMapUnits, ViewFlags, } from "@itwin/core-common";
+import { Geometry, LineString3d, Loop, Matrix4d, Point3d, PolyfaceBuilder, Range3d, StrokeOptions, Transform, YawPitchRollAngles, } from "@itwin/core-geometry";
+import { V2CheckpointManager } from "../../CheckpointManager";
+import { _nativeDb, BisCoreSchema, Category, ClassRegistry, DefinitionContainer, DefinitionGroup, DefinitionGroupGroupsDefinitions, DefinitionModel, DefinitionPartition, DictionaryModel, DisplayStyle3d, DocumentPartition, DrawingGraphic, Element, ElementDrivesElement, ElementGroupsMembers, ElementOwnsChildElements, GeometricElement2d, GeometricElement3d, GeometricModel, GroupInformationPartition, IModelDb, IModelHost, IModelJsFs, InformationPartitionElement, InformationRecordElement, LinkPartition, Model, PhysicalElement, PhysicalModel, PhysicalObject, PhysicalPartition, RenderMaterialElement, SnapshotDb, SpatialCategory, SqliteValueType, StandaloneDb, SubCategory, Subject, Texture, } from "../../core-backend";
+import { BriefcaseDb } from "../../IModelDb";
+import { HubMock } from "../../internal/HubMock";
+import { KnownTestLocations } from "../KnownTestLocations";
+import { IModelTestUtils } from "../IModelTestUtils";
+import { DisableNativeAssertions } from "../TestUtils";
+import { samplePngTexture } from "../imageData";
+import { performance } from "perf_hooks";
+import { _hubAccess } from "../../internal/Symbols";
+import { CustomAttributeClass, EntityClass, PropertyType, propertyTypeToString, SchemaItemType } from "@itwin/ecschema-metadata";
+// spell-checker: disable
+async function getIModelError(promise) {
+    try {
+        await promise;
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    catch (err) {
+        return err instanceof IModelError ? err : undefined;
+    }
+}
+function expectIModelError(expectedErrorNumber, error) {
+    expect(error).not.to.be.undefined;
+    expect(error).instanceof(IModelError);
+    expect(error.errorNumber).to.equal(expectedErrorNumber);
+}
+async function generateTestSnapshot(targetFileName, seedAssetName) {
+    const seedFile = IModelTestUtils.resolveAssetFile(seedAssetName);
+    const snapshotFile = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", targetFileName);
+    const imodel = IModelTestUtils.createSnapshotFromSeed(snapshotFile, seedFile);
+    const schemaPathname = path.join(KnownTestLocations.assetsDir, "TestBim.ecschema.xml");
+    await imodel.importSchemas([schemaPathname]); // will throw an exception if import fails
+    imodel.saveChanges();
+    return imodel;
+}
+describe("iModel", () => {
+    //TODO: These imodels are used and modified across multiple tests. This is not a good practice and should be refactored.
+    let imodel1;
+    let imodel2;
+    let imodel3;
+    let imodel4;
+    let imodel5;
+    let originalEnv;
+    before(async () => {
+        originalEnv = { ...process.env };
+        IModelTestUtils.registerTestBimSchema();
+        imodel1 = await generateTestSnapshot("test.bim", "test.bim");
+        imodel2 = IModelTestUtils.createSnapshotFromSeed(IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "CompatibilityTestSeed.bim"), IModelTestUtils.resolveAssetFile("CompatibilityTestSeed.bim"));
+        imodel3 = SnapshotDb.openFile(IModelTestUtils.resolveAssetFile("GetSetAutoHandledStructProperties.bim"));
+        imodel4 = IModelTestUtils.createSnapshotFromSeed(IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "GetSetAutoHandledArrayProperties.bim"), IModelTestUtils.resolveAssetFile("GetSetAutoHandledArrayProperties.bim"));
+        imodel5 = IModelTestUtils.createSnapshotFromSeed(IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "mirukuru.ibim"), IModelTestUtils.resolveAssetFile("mirukuru.ibim"));
+    });
+    after(() => {
+        process.env = originalEnv;
+        imodel1.close();
+        imodel2.close();
+        imodel3.close();
+        imodel4.close();
+        imodel5.close();
+    });
+    afterEach(() => {
+        sinon.restore();
+    });
+    /** Roundtrip the entity through a json string and back to a new entity. */
+    const roundtripThroughJson = (entity1) => {
+        const string1 = JSON.stringify(entity1);
+        const props1 = JSON.parse(string1);
+        const entity2 = new entity1.constructor(props1, entity1.iModel); // create a new entity from the EntityProps
+        const string2 = JSON.stringify(entity2);
+        assert.equal(string1, string2);
+        return entity2;
+    };
+    it("should be able to get properties of an iIModel", () => {
+        expect(imodel1.name).equals("TBD"); // That's the name of the root subject!
+        const extents = imodel1.projectExtents;
+        assert(!extents.isNull);
+        // make sure we can construct a new element even if we haven't loaded its metadata (will be loaded in ctor)
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+        assert.isUndefined(imodel1.classMetaDataRegistry.find("biscore:lightlocation"));
+        const e1 = imodel1.constructEntity({ category: "0x11", classFullName: "BisCore:LightLocation", model: "0x01", code: Code.createEmpty() });
+        assert.isDefined(e1);
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+        assert.isDefined(imodel1.classMetaDataRegistry.find("biscore:lightlocation")); // should have been loaded in ctor
+    });
+    it("should use schema to look up classes by name", () => {
+        const elementClass = ClassRegistry.findRegisteredClass(Element.classFullName);
+        const categoryClass = ClassRegistry.findRegisteredClass(Category.classFullName);
+        assert.isDefined(elementClass);
+        assert.isDefined(categoryClass);
+        assert.equal(elementClass.schema, BisCoreSchema);
+        assert.equal(categoryClass.schema, BisCoreSchema);
+        assert.equal(elementClass.className, "Element");
+        assert.equal(categoryClass.className, "Category");
+    });
+    it("Fonts", () => {
+        const dbFonts = imodel1.fonts;
+        expect(Array.from(dbFonts.queryMappedFamilies({ includeNonEmbedded: true })).length).to.equal(4);
+        expect(dbFonts.findDescriptor(1)).to.deep.equal({ name: "Arial", type: FontType.TrueType });
+        expect(dbFonts.findId({ name: "Arial" })).to.equal(1);
+        expect(dbFonts.findId({ name: "arial" })).to.equal(1);
+        expect(dbFonts.findDescriptor(2)).to.deep.equal({ name: "Font0", type: FontType.Rsc });
+        expect(dbFonts.findId({ name: "Font0" })).to.equal(2);
+        expect(dbFonts.findId({ name: "fOnt0" })).to.equal(2);
+        expect(dbFonts.findDescriptor(3)).to.deep.equal({ name: "ShxFont0", type: FontType.Shx });
+        expect(dbFonts.findId({ name: "ShxFont0" })).to.equal(3);
+        expect(dbFonts.findId({ name: "shxfont0" })).to.equal(3);
+        expect(dbFonts.findDescriptor(4)).to.deep.equal({ name: "Calibri", type: FontType.TrueType });
+        expect(dbFonts.findId({ name: "Calibri" })).to.equal(4);
+        expect(dbFonts.findId({ name: "cAlIbRi" })).to.equal(4);
+        expect(dbFonts.findId({ name: "notfound" })).to.be.undefined;
+        const fonts1 = imodel1.fontMap; // eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+        assert.equal(fonts1.fonts.size, 4, "font map size should be 4");
+        assert.equal(FontType.TrueType, fonts1.getFont(1).type, "get font 1 type is TrueType");
+        assert.equal("Arial", fonts1.getFont(1).name, "get Font 1 name");
+        assert.equal(1, fonts1.getFont("Arial").id, "get Font 1, by name");
+        assert.equal(1, fonts1.getFont("arial").id, "get Font 1, by name case insensitive");
+        assert.equal(FontType.Rsc, fonts1.getFont(2).type, "get font 2 type is Rsc");
+        assert.equal("Font0", fonts1.getFont(2).name, "get Font 2 name");
+        assert.equal(2, fonts1.getFont("Font0").id, "get Font 2, by name");
+        assert.equal(2, fonts1.getFont("fOnt0").id, "get Font 2, by name case insensitive");
+        assert.equal(FontType.Shx, fonts1.getFont(3).type, "get font 1 type is Shx");
+        assert.equal("ShxFont0", fonts1.getFont(3).name, "get Font 3 name");
+        assert.equal(3, fonts1.getFont("ShxFont0").id, "get Font 3, by name");
+        assert.equal(3, fonts1.getFont("shxfont0").id, "get Font 3, by name case insensitive");
+        assert.equal(FontType.TrueType, fonts1.getFont(4).type, "get font 4 type is TrueType");
+        assert.equal("Calibri", fonts1.getFont(4).name, "get Font 4 name");
+        assert.equal(4, fonts1.getFont("Calibri").id, "get Font 4, by name");
+        assert.equal(4, fonts1.getFont("cAlIbRi").id, "get Font 4, by name case insensitive");
+        assert.isUndefined(fonts1.getFont("notfound"), "attempt lookup of a font that should not be found");
+        assert.deepEqual(new FontMap(fonts1.toJSON()), fonts1, "toJSON on FontMap"); // eslint-disable-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+    });
+    it("should load a known element by Id from an existing iModel", () => {
+        assert.exists(imodel1.elements);
+        const code1 = new Code({ spec: "0x10", scope: "0x11", value: "RF1.dgn" });
+        const el = imodel1.elements.getElement(code1);
+        assert.exists(el);
+        const el2ById = imodel1.elements.getElement("0x34");
+        assert.exists(el2ById);
+        const badCode = new Code({ spec: "0x10", scope: "0x11", value: "RF1_does_not_exist.dgn" });
+        try {
+            imodel1.elements.getElement(badCode); // throws Error
+            assert.fail(); // this line should be skipped
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            assert.instanceOf(error, Error);
+            assert.instanceOf(error, IModelError);
+            assert.equal(error.errorNumber, IModelStatus.NotFound);
+        }
+        const element1 = imodel1.elements.tryGetElement(code1);
+        const element2 = imodel1.elements.tryGetElement("0x34");
+        const element3 = imodel1.elements.tryGetElement(badCode);
+        assert.isDefined(element1);
+        assert.isDefined(element2);
+        assert.isUndefined(element3);
+        const elementProps1 = imodel1.elements.tryGetElementProps(code1);
+        const elementProps2 = imodel1.elements.tryGetElementProps("0x34");
+        const elementProps3 = imodel1.elements.tryGetElementProps(badCode);
+        assert.isDefined(elementProps1);
+        assert.isDefined(elementProps2);
+        assert.isUndefined(elementProps3);
+        const model1 = imodel1.models.tryGetModel(IModel.dictionaryId);
+        const modelProps1 = imodel1.models.tryGetModelProps(IModel.dictionaryId);
+        const subModel1 = imodel1.models.tryGetSubModel(IModel.dictionaryId);
+        assert.isDefined(model1);
+        assert.isDefined(modelProps1);
+        assert.isDefined(subModel1);
+        const badModel1 = imodel1.models.tryGetModel(Id64.fromUint32Pair(999, 999));
+        const badModelProps1 = imodel1.models.tryGetModelProps(Id64.fromUint32Pair(999, 999));
+        const badSubModel1 = imodel1.models.tryGetSubModel(IModel.rootSubjectId);
+        const badSubModel2 = imodel1.models.tryGetSubModel(badCode);
+        assert.isUndefined(badModel1);
+        assert.isUndefined(badModelProps1);
+        assert.isUndefined(badSubModel1);
+        assert.isUndefined(badSubModel2);
+        const subCat = imodel1.elements.getElement("0x2e");
+        assert.isTrue(subCat instanceof SubCategory);
+        if (subCat instanceof SubCategory) {
+            assert.isTrue(subCat.appearance.color.tbgr === 16777215);
+            assert.isTrue(subCat.appearance.weight === 2);
+            assert.equal(Id64.getLocalId(subCat.id), 46);
+            assert.equal(Id64.getBriefcaseId(subCat.id), 0);
+            assert.equal(Id64.getLocalId(subCat.code.spec), 30);
+            assert.equal(Id64.getBriefcaseId(subCat.code.spec), 0);
+            assert.isTrue(subCat.code.scope === "0x2d");
+            assert.isTrue(subCat.code.value === "A-Z013-G-Legn");
+            roundtripThroughJson(subCat);
+        }
+        /// Get the parent Category of the subcategory.
+        const cat = imodel1.elements.getElement(subCat.getCategoryId());
+        assert.isTrue(cat instanceof Category);
+        if (cat instanceof Category) {
+            assert.equal(Id64.getLocalId(cat.id), 45);
+            assert.equal(Id64.getBriefcaseId(cat.id), 0);
+            assert.isTrue(cat.description === "Legends, symbols keys");
+            assert.equal(Id64.getLocalId(cat.code.spec), 22);
+            assert.equal(Id64.getBriefcaseId(cat.code.spec), 0);
+            assert.isTrue(cat.code.value === "A-Z013-G-Legn");
+            roundtripThroughJson(cat);
+        }
+        const phys = imodel1.elements.getElement("0x38");
+        assert.isTrue(phys instanceof GeometricElement3d);
+        const locateMsg = phys.getToolTipMessage();
+        assert.isDefined(locateMsg);
+        const a2 = imodel2.elements.getElement("0x1d");
+        assert.exists(a2);
+        expect(a2.federationGuid).equal("18eb4650-b074-414f-b961-d9cfaa6c8746");
+        const el3 = imodel2.elements.getElement(a2.federationGuid);
+        assert.exists(el3);
+        assert.notEqual(a2, el3);
+        assert.equal(a2.id, el3.id);
+        roundtripThroughJson(el3);
+        const newEl = el3.toJSON();
+        newEl.federationGuid = undefined;
+        newEl.code = { scope: "bad scope", spec: "0x10", value: "new code" };
+        expect(() => imodel2.elements.insertElement(newEl)).throws("invalid code scope").to.have.property("metadata");
+        newEl.code.scope = "0x34322"; // valid id, but element doesn't exist
+        expect(() => imodel2.elements.insertElement(newEl)).throws("invalid code scope").to.have.property("metadata");
+        newEl.code.scope = el3.federationGuid;
+        const newId = imodel2.elements.insertElement(newEl); // code scope from FederationGuid should get converted to ElementId
+        const a4 = imodel2.elements.getElementProps(newId);
+        expect(a4.code.scope).equal(el3.id);
+        a4.code.scope = "0x13343";
+        expect(() => imodel2.elements.updateElement(a4)).throws("invalid code scope").to.have.property("metadata");
+        a4.code.scope = "0x1";
+        imodel2.elements.updateElement(a4); // should change the code scope to new element
+        let a5 = imodel2.elements.getElementProps(newId);
+        expect(a5.code.scope).equal("0x1");
+        // only pass minimum, but expect model and classFullName to be added.
+        const newProps = { id: a4.id, code: a4.code, classFullName: undefined, model: undefined };
+        newProps.code.scope = el3.federationGuid; // should convert FederationGuid to ElementId
+        imodel2.elements.updateElement(newProps);
+        expect(newProps.classFullName).eq(a4.classFullName);
+        expect(newProps.model).eq(a4.model);
+        a5 = imodel2.elements.getElementProps(newId);
+        expect(a5.code.scope).equal(el3.id);
+    });
+    it("should optionally detect class mismatches", () => {
+        // tryGetElement
+        const subjectUnvalidated = imodel1.elements.tryGetElement(IModel.rootSubjectId);
+        assert.isDefined(subjectUnvalidated);
+        const subjectValidated = imodel1.elements.tryGetElement(IModel.rootSubjectId, Subject);
+        assert.isDefined(subjectValidated);
+        const physicalElementUnvalidated = imodel1.elements.tryGetElement(IModel.rootSubjectId);
+        assert.isDefined(physicalElementUnvalidated); // wrong type, but class to validate was not passed
+        const physicalElementValidated = imodel1.elements.tryGetElement(IModel.rootSubjectId, PhysicalElement); // abstract class
+        assert.isUndefined(physicalElementValidated); // wrong type
+        const physicalObjectUnvalidated = imodel1.elements.tryGetElement(IModel.rootSubjectId);
+        assert.isDefined(physicalObjectUnvalidated); // wrong type, but class to validate was not passed
+        const physicalObjectValidated = imodel1.elements.tryGetElement(IModel.rootSubjectId, PhysicalObject); // concrete class
+        assert.isUndefined(physicalObjectValidated); // wrong type
+        // tryGetModel
+        const dictionaryUnvalidated = imodel1.models.tryGetModel(IModel.dictionaryId);
+        assert.isDefined(dictionaryUnvalidated);
+        const dictionaryValidated = imodel1.models.tryGetModel(IModel.dictionaryId, DictionaryModel);
+        assert.isDefined(dictionaryValidated);
+        const geometricModelUnvalidated = imodel1.models.tryGetModel(IModel.dictionaryId);
+        assert.isDefined(geometricModelUnvalidated); // wrong type, but class to validate was not passed
+        const geometricModelValidated = imodel1.models.tryGetModel(IModel.dictionaryId, GeometricModel); // abstract class
+        assert.isUndefined(geometricModelValidated); // wrong type
+        const physicalModelUnvalidated = imodel1.models.tryGetModel(IModel.dictionaryId);
+        assert.isDefined(physicalModelUnvalidated); // wrong type, but class to validate was not passed
+        const physicalModelValidated = imodel1.models.tryGetModel(IModel.dictionaryId, PhysicalModel); // concrete class
+        assert.isUndefined(physicalModelValidated); // wrong type
+        // tryGetSubModel
+        const dictionarySubUnvalidated = imodel1.models.tryGetSubModel(IModel.dictionaryId);
+        assert.isDefined(dictionarySubUnvalidated);
+        const dictionarySubValidated = imodel1.models.tryGetSubModel(IModel.dictionaryId, DictionaryModel);
+        assert.isDefined(dictionarySubValidated);
+        const geometricSubModelUnvalidated = imodel1.models.tryGetSubModel(IModel.dictionaryId);
+        assert.isDefined(geometricSubModelUnvalidated); // wrong type, but class to validate was not passed
+        const geometricSubModelValidated = imodel1.models.tryGetSubModel(IModel.dictionaryId, GeometricModel); // abstract class
+        assert.isUndefined(geometricSubModelValidated); // wrong type
+        const physicalSubModelUnvalidated = imodel1.models.tryGetSubModel(IModel.dictionaryId);
+        assert.isDefined(physicalSubModelUnvalidated); // wrong type, but class to validate was not passed
+        const physicalSubModelValidated = imodel1.models.tryGetSubModel(IModel.dictionaryId, PhysicalModel); // concrete class
+        assert.isUndefined(physicalSubModelValidated); // wrong type
+    });
+    it("should create elements", () => {
+        const seedElement = imodel2.elements.getElement("0x1d");
+        assert.exists(seedElement);
+        assert.isTrue(seedElement.federationGuid === "18eb4650-b074-414f-b961-d9cfaa6c8746");
+        for (let i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
+            const elementProps = {
+                classFullName: "Generic:PhysicalObject",
+                model: seedElement.model,
+                category: seedElement.category,
+                code: Code.createEmpty(),
+                federationGuid: Guid.createValue(),
+                userLabel: `UserLabel-${i}`,
+            };
+            const element = imodel2.elements.createElement(elementProps);
+            element.setUserProperties("performanceTest", { s: `String-${i}`, n: i });
+            const elementId = imodel2.elements.insertElement(element.toJSON());
+            assert.isTrue(Id64.isValidId64(elementId));
+        }
+    });
+    it("should insert a RenderMaterial", () => {
+        const model = imodel2.models.getModel(IModel.dictionaryId);
+        expect(model).not.to.be.undefined;
+        const testMaterialName = "test material name";
+        const testPaletteName = "test palette name";
+        const testDescription = "test description";
+        const color = [0.3, 0.7, 0.8];
+        const specularColor = [0.1, 1, 0];
+        const finish = 0.4;
+        const transmit = 0.1;
+        const diffuse = 0.24;
+        const specular = 0.9;
+        const reflect = 0.3;
+        const reflectColor = [1, 0, 0.5];
+        /* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/naming-convention */
+        const textureMapProps = {
+            pattern_angle: 3.0,
+            pattern_u_flip: false,
+            pattern_flip: false,
+            pattern_scale: [1.0, 1.0],
+            pattern_offset: [0.0, 0.0],
+            pattern_scalemode: TextureMapUnits.Inches,
+            pattern_mapping: TextureMapping.Mode.Planar,
+            pattern_weight: 0.5,
+            TextureId: "test_textureid",
+        };
+        /* eslint-enable @typescript-eslint/naming-convention */
+        const renderMaterialParams = {
+            paletteName: testPaletteName,
+            description: testDescription,
+            color,
+            specularColor,
+            finish,
+            transmit,
+            diffuse,
+            specular,
+            reflect,
+            reflectColor,
+            patternMap: textureMapProps,
+        };
+        const renderMaterialId = RenderMaterialElement.insert(imodel2, IModel.dictionaryId, testMaterialName, renderMaterialParams);
+        const renderMaterial = imodel2.elements.getElement(renderMaterialId);
+        assert((renderMaterial instanceof RenderMaterialElement) === true, "did not retrieve an instance of RenderMaterial");
+        expect(renderMaterial.paletteName).to.equal(testPaletteName);
+        expect(renderMaterial.description).to.equal(testDescription);
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.HasBaseColor).to.equal(true);
+        expect(JSON.stringify(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.color)).to.equal(JSON.stringify(color));
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.HasSpecularColor).to.equal(true);
+        expect(JSON.stringify(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.specular_color)).to.equal(JSON.stringify(specularColor));
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.HasFinish).to.equal(true);
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.finish).to.equal(finish);
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.HasTransmit).to.equal(true);
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.transmit).to.equal(transmit);
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.HasDiffuse).to.equal(true);
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.diffuse).to.equal(diffuse);
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.HasSpecular).to.equal(true);
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.specular).to.equal(specular);
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.HasReflect).to.equal(true);
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.reflect).to.equal(reflect);
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.HasReflectColor).to.equal(true);
+        expect(JSON.stringify(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.reflect_color)).to.equal(JSON.stringify(reflectColor));
+        expect(renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.Map).not.to.be.undefined;
+        const patternMap = renderMaterial.jsonProperties.materialAssets.renderMaterial.Map.Pattern;
+        expect(patternMap).not.to.be.undefined;
+        expect(patternMap.pattern_angle).to.equal(textureMapProps.pattern_angle);
+        expect(patternMap.pattern_u_flip).to.equal(textureMapProps.pattern_u_flip);
+        expect(patternMap.pattern_flip).to.equal(textureMapProps.pattern_flip);
+        expect(JSON.stringify(patternMap.pattern_scale)).to.equal(JSON.stringify(textureMapProps.pattern_scale));
+        expect(JSON.stringify(patternMap.pattern_offset)).to.equal(JSON.stringify(textureMapProps.pattern_offset));
+        expect(patternMap.pattern_scalemode).to.equal(textureMapProps.pattern_scalemode);
+        expect(patternMap.pattern_mapping).to.equal(textureMapProps.pattern_mapping);
+        expect(patternMap.pattern_weight).to.equal(textureMapProps.pattern_weight);
+        expect(patternMap.TextureId).to.equal(textureMapProps.TextureId);
+    });
+    it("attempt to apply material to new element in imodel5", () => {
+        const testTextureName = "fake texture name";
+        const testTextureFormat = ImageSourceFormat.Png;
+        const testTextureDescription = "empty description";
+        const texId = Texture.insertTexture(imodel5, IModel.dictionaryId, testTextureName, testTextureFormat, samplePngTexture.base64, testTextureDescription);
+        /* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/naming-convention */
+        const matId = RenderMaterialElement.insert(imodel5, IModel.dictionaryId, "test material name", {
+            paletteName: "TestPaletteName",
+            patternMap: {
+                TextureId: texId,
+                pattern_offset: [0, 0],
+                pattern_scale: [1, 1],
+                pattern_scalemode: TextureMapUnits.Relative,
+            },
+        });
+        /* eslint-enable @typescript-eslint/naming-convention */
+        /** Create a simple flat mesh with 4 points (2x2) */
+        const width = imodel5.projectExtents.xLength() * 0.2;
+        const height = imodel5.projectExtents.yLength() * 0.2;
+        let shape;
+        const doPolyface = true;
+        if (doPolyface) {
+            const options = StrokeOptions.createForFacets();
+            options.shouldTriangulate = false;
+            const builder = PolyfaceBuilder.create(options);
+            const quad = [
+                Point3d.create(0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+                Point3d.create(width, 0.0, 0.0),
+                Point3d.create(width, height, 0.0),
+                Point3d.create(0.0, height, 0.0),
+            ];
+            builder.addQuadFacet(quad);
+            shape = builder.claimPolyface();
+        }
+        else {
+            shape = Loop.create(LineString3d.create([
+                Point3d.create(0, 0, 0),
+                Point3d.create(width, 0, 0),
+                Point3d.create(width, height, 0),
+                Point3d.create(0, height, 0),
+                Point3d.create(0, 0, 0),
+            ]));
+        }
+        const modelId = PhysicalModel.insert(imodel5, IModelDb.rootSubjectId, "test_render_material_model_name");
+        const categoryId = SpatialCategory.insert(imodel5, IModel.dictionaryId, "GeoJSON Feature", { color: ColorDef.white.toJSON() });
+        /** generate a geometry stream containing the polyface */
+        const gsBuilder = new GeometryStreamBuilder();
+        const params = new GeometryParams(categoryId);
+        params.materialId = matId;
+        gsBuilder.appendGeometryParamsChange(params);
+        gsBuilder.appendGeometry(shape);
+        const geometry = gsBuilder.geometryStream;
+        // geometry[0].material = { materialId: matId };
+        const props = {
+            classFullName: "Generic:PhysicalObject",
+            placement: { origin: imodel5.projectExtents.center, angles: new YawPitchRollAngles() },
+            model: modelId,
+            code: Code.createEmpty(),
+            category: categoryId,
+            geom: geometry,
+        };
+        imodel5.elements.insertElement(props);
+        imodel5.saveChanges();
+    });
+    it("should insert a DisplayStyle", () => {
+        const model = imodel2.models.getModel(IModel.dictionaryId);
+        expect(model).not.to.be.undefined;
+        const settings = {
+            backgroundColor: ColorDef.blue.toJSON(),
+            viewflags: ViewFlags.fromJSON({
+                renderMode: RenderMode.SolidFill,
+            }),
+        };
+        const props = {
+            classFullName: DisplayStyle3d.classFullName,
+            model: IModel.dictionaryId,
+            code: { spec: BisCodeSpec.displayStyle, scope: IModel.dictionaryId, value: "test style" },
+            isPrivate: false,
+            jsonProperties: {
+                styles: settings,
+            },
+        };
+        const styleId = imodel2.elements.insertElement(props);
+        let style = imodel2.elements.getElement(styleId);
+        expect(style instanceof DisplayStyle3d).to.be.true;
+        expect(style.code.spec).equal(imodel2.codeSpecs.getByName(BisCodeSpec.displayStyle).id);
+        expect(style.settings.viewFlags.renderMode).to.equal(RenderMode.SolidFill);
+        expect(style.settings.backgroundColor.equals(ColorDef.blue)).to.be.true;
+        const newFlags = style.settings.viewFlags.copy({ renderMode: RenderMode.SmoothShade });
+        style.settings.viewFlags = newFlags;
+        style.settings.backgroundColor = ColorDef.red;
+        style.settings.monochromeColor = ColorDef.green;
+        expect(style.jsonProperties.styles.viewflags.renderMode).to.equal(RenderMode.SmoothShade);
+        imodel2.elements.updateElement(style.toJSON());
+        style = imodel2.elements.getElement(styleId);
+        expect(style instanceof DisplayStyle3d).to.be.true;
+        expect(style.settings.viewFlags.renderMode).to.equal(RenderMode.SmoothShade);
+        expect(style.settings.backgroundColor.equals(ColorDef.red)).to.be.true;
+        expect(style.settings.monochromeColor.equals(ColorDef.green)).to.be.true;
+    });
+    it("should create display styles", () => {
+        const defaultViewFlags = new ViewFlags().toJSON();
+        const defaultMapImagery = new DisplayStyleSettings({}).toJSON().mapImagery;
+        const viewFlags = new ViewFlags({ patterns: false, visibleEdges: true });
+        const viewflags = { noWhiteOnWhiteReversal: true, shadows: true, noTransp: true };
+        const mapImagery = {
+            backgroundBase: ColorDef.red.tbgr,
+            backgroundLayers: [{
+                    name: "x",
+                    url: "y",
+                    transparency: 0.5,
+                    formatId: "WMS",
+                    visible: true,
+                }],
+        };
+        const props = {
+            mapImagery,
+            excludedElements: ["0x123", "0xfed"],
+            timePoint: 42,
+            backgroundColor: ColorDef.green.tbgr,
+        };
+        const testCases = [
+            [undefined, defaultViewFlags, false],
+            [{ viewFlags }, viewFlags.toJSON(), false],
+            [{ viewflags }, viewflags, false],
+            [{ viewflags, viewFlags }, viewFlags.toJSON(), false],
+            [props, defaultViewFlags, false],
+            [{ ...props, viewflags }, viewflags, false],
+            [{ backgroundColor: ColorDef.blue }, defaultViewFlags, false],
+            [{ backgroundColor: ColorDef.from(1, 2, 3, 4) }, defaultViewFlags, false],
+            [{ backgroundColor: ColorDef.blue.tbgr }, defaultViewFlags, false],
+            [{ backgroundColor: ColorDef.from(1, 2, 3, 4).tbgr }, defaultViewFlags, false],
+        ];
+        let suffix = 123;
+        for (const test of testCases) {
+            const expected = test[0] ?? {};
+            const styleId = DisplayStyle3d.insert(imodel2, IModel.dictionaryId, `TestStyle${suffix++}`, expected);
+            const style = imodel2.elements.getElement(styleId).toJSON();
+            expect(style.jsonProperties.styles).not.to.be.undefined;
+            expect(style.jsonProperties).not.to.be.undefined;
+            expect(style.jsonProperties.styles).not.to.be.undefined;
+            const actual = style.jsonProperties.styles;
+            expect(actual.viewflags).not.to.be.undefined;
+            const expectedVf = ViewFlags.fromJSON(test[1]);
+            const actualVf = ViewFlags.fromJSON(actual.viewflags);
+            expect(actualVf.toJSON()).to.deep.equal(expectedVf.toJSON());
+            const expectedBGColor = expected.backgroundColor instanceof ColorDef ? expected.backgroundColor.toJSON() : expected.backgroundColor;
+            expect(actual.backgroundColor).to.equal(expectedBGColor);
+            // DisplayStyleSettings constructor always initializes json.mapImagery.
+            expect(actual.mapImagery).to.deep.equal(expected.mapImagery ?? defaultMapImagery);
+            expect(actual.excludedElements).to.deep.equal(expected.excludedElements);
+            expect(actual.timePoint).to.deep.equal(expected.timePoint);
+        }
+    });
+    it("should have a valid root subject element", () => {
+        const rootSubject = imodel1.elements.getRootSubject();
+        assert.exists(rootSubject);
+        assert.isTrue(rootSubject instanceof Subject);
+        assert.isAtLeast(rootSubject.code.value.length, 1);
+        assert.isFalse(imodel1.elements.hasSubModel(IModel.rootSubjectId));
+        try {
+            imodel1.models.getSubModel(rootSubject.id); // throws error
+            assert.fail(); // this line should be skipped
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            assert.isTrue(error instanceof Error);
+            assert.isTrue(error instanceof IModelError);
+            assert.equal(error.errorNumber, IModelStatus.NotFound);
+        }
+        const childIds = imodel1.elements.queryChildren(rootSubject.id);
+        assert.isAtLeast(childIds.length, 1);
+        for (const childId of childIds) {
+            const childElement = imodel1.elements.getElement(childId);
+            assert.exists(childElement);
+            assert.isTrue(childElement instanceof Element);
+            roundtripThroughJson(childElement);
+            assert.equal(rootSubject.id, childElement.parent.id);
+            const childLocalId = Id64.getLocalId(childId);
+            const childBcId = Id64.getBriefcaseId(childId);
+            if (childElement instanceof InformationPartitionElement) {
+                assert.isTrue(imodel1.elements.hasSubModel(childElement.id));
+                const childSubModel = imodel1.models.getSubModel(childElement.id);
+                assert.exists(childSubModel, "InformationPartitionElements should have a subModel");
+                if (childLocalId === 16 && childBcId === 0) {
+                    assert.isTrue(childElement instanceof DefinitionPartition, "ChildId 0x00000010 should be a DefinitionPartition");
+                    assert.isTrue(childElement.code.value === "BisCore.DictionaryModel", "Definition Partition should have code value of BisCore.DictionaryModel");
+                }
+                else if (childLocalId === 14 && childBcId === 0) {
+                    assert.isTrue(childElement instanceof LinkPartition);
+                    assert.isTrue(childElement.code.value === "BisCore.RealityDataSources");
+                }
+                else if (childLocalId === 17 && childBcId === 0) {
+                    assert.isTrue(childElement instanceof LinkPartition, "ChildId 0x000000011 should be a LinkPartition");
+                    assert.isTrue(childElement.code.value === "Repository Links");
+                }
+            }
+            else if (childElement instanceof Subject) {
+                assert.isFalse(imodel1.elements.hasSubModel(childElement.id));
+                if (childLocalId === 19 && childBcId === 0) {
+                    assert.isTrue(childElement instanceof Subject);
+                    assert.isTrue(childElement.code.value === "DgnV8:mf3, A", "Subject should have code value of DgnV8:mf3, A");
+                    assert.isTrue(childElement.jsonProperties.Subject.Job.DgnV8.V8File === "mf3.dgn", "Subject should have jsonProperty Subject.Job.DgnV.V8File");
+                    assert.isTrue(childElement.jsonProperties.Subject.Job.DgnV8.V8RootModel === "A", "Subject should have jsonProperty Subject.Job.DgnV.V8RootModel");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    });
+    it("should load a known model by Id from an existing iModel", () => {
+        assert.exists(imodel1.models);
+        const model2 = imodel1.models.getModel("0x1c");
+        assert.exists(model2);
+        const formatter = model2.getJsonProperty("formatter");
+        assert.exists(formatter, "formatter should exist as json property");
+        assert.equal(formatter.fmtFlags.angMode, 1, "fmtFlags");
+        assert.equal(formatter.mastUnit.label, "m", "mastUnit is meters");
+        roundtripThroughJson(model2);
+        let model = imodel1.models.getModel(IModel.repositoryModelId);
+        assert.exists(model);
+        roundtripThroughJson(model);
+        const code1 = new Code({ spec: "0x1d", scope: "0x1d", value: "A" });
+        model = imodel1.models.getSubModel(code1);
+        // By this point, we expect the submodel's class to be in the class registry *cache*
+        const geomModel = ClassRegistry.getClass(PhysicalModel.classFullName, imodel1);
+        assert.exists(model);
+        assert.isTrue(model instanceof geomModel);
+        roundtripThroughJson(model);
+        const modelExtents = model.queryExtents();
+        assert.isBelow(modelExtents.low.x, modelExtents.high.x);
+        assert.isBelow(modelExtents.low.y, modelExtents.high.y);
+        assert.isBelow(modelExtents.low.z, modelExtents.high.z);
+    });
+    it("should find a tile tree for a geometric model", async () => {
+        // Note: this is an empty model.
+        const tree = await imodel1.tiles.requestTileTreeProps("0x1c");
+        expect(tree).not.to.be.undefined;
+        expect(tree.id).to.equal("0x1c");
+        expect(tree.maxTilesToSkip).to.equal(1);
+        expect(tree.rootTile).not.to.be.undefined;
+        // Empty model => identity transform
+        const tf = Transform.fromJSON(tree.location);
+        expect(tf.matrix.isIdentity).to.be.true;
+        expect(tf.origin.x).to.equal(0);
+        expect(tf.origin.y).to.equal(0);
+        expect(tf.origin.z).to.equal(0);
+        expect(tree.rootTile.contentId).to.equal("0/0/0/0/1");
+        // Empty model => null range
+        const range = Range3d.fromJSON(tree.rootTile.range);
+        expect(range.isNull).to.be.true;
+        expect(tree.rootTile.maximumSize).to.equal(0.0); // empty model => undisplayable root tile => size = 0.0
+        expect(tree.rootTile.isLeaf).to.be.true; // empty model => empty tile
+        expect(tree.rootTile.contentRange).to.be.undefined;
+    });
+    it("should throw on invalid tile requests", async () => {
+        const env_1 = { stack: [], error: void 0, hasError: false };
+        try {
+            const _r = __addDisposableResource(env_1, new DisableNativeAssertions(), false);
+            let error = await getIModelError(imodel1.tiles.requestTileTreeProps("0x12345"));
+            expectIModelError(IModelStatus.InvalidId, error);
+            error = await getIModelError(imodel1.tiles.requestTileTreeProps("NotAValidId"));
+            expectIModelError(IModelStatus.InvalidId, error);
+            error = await getIModelError(imodel1.tiles.requestTileContent("0x1c", "0/0/0/0"));
+            expectIModelError(IModelStatus.InvalidId, error);
+            error = await getIModelError(imodel1.tiles.requestTileContent("0x12345", "0/0/0/0/1"));
+            expectIModelError(IModelStatus.InvalidId, error);
+            error = await getIModelError(imodel1.tiles.requestTileContent("0x1c", "V/W/X/Y/Z"));
+            expectIModelError(IModelStatus.InvalidId, error);
+            error = await getIModelError(imodel1.tiles.requestTileContent("0x1c", "NotAValidId"));
+            expectIModelError(IModelStatus.InvalidId, error);
+        }
+        catch (e_1) {
+            env_1.error = e_1;
+            env_1.hasError = true;
+        }
+        finally {
+            __disposeResources(env_1);
+        }
+    });
+    // NOTE: this test can be removed when the deprecated executeQuery method is removed
+    it("should produce an array of rows", () => {
+        const rows = IModelTestUtils.executeQuery(imodel1, `SELECT * FROM ${Category.classFullName}`);
+        assert.exists(rows);
+        assert.isArray(rows);
+        assert.isAtLeast(rows.length, 1);
+        assert.exists(rows[0].id);
+        assert.notEqual(rows[0].id.value, "");
+    });
+    it("should be some categories", () => {
+        const categorySql = `SELECT ECInstanceId FROM ${Category.classFullName}`;
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+        imodel1.withPreparedStatement(categorySql, (categoryStatement) => {
+            let numCategories = 0;
+            while (DbResult.BE_SQLITE_ROW === categoryStatement.step()) {
+                numCategories++;
+                const categoryId = categoryStatement.getValue(0).getId();
+                const category = imodel1.elements.getElement(categoryId);
+                assert.isTrue(category instanceof Category, "Should be instance of Category");
+                // verify the default subcategory.
+                const defaultSubCategoryId = category.myDefaultSubCategoryId();
+                const defaultSubCategory = imodel1.elements.getElement(defaultSubCategoryId);
+                assert.isTrue(defaultSubCategory instanceof SubCategory, "defaultSubCategory should be instance of SubCategory");
+                if (defaultSubCategory instanceof SubCategory) {
+                    assert.isTrue(defaultSubCategory.parent.id === categoryId, "defaultSubCategory id should be prescribed value");
+                    assert.isTrue(defaultSubCategory.getSubCategoryName() === category.code.value, "DefaultSubcategory name should match that of Category");
+                    assert.isTrue(defaultSubCategory.isDefaultSubCategory, "isDefaultSubCategory should return true");
+                }
+                // get the subcategories
+                const subCategorySql = `SELECT ECInstanceId FROM ${SubCategory.classFullName} WHERE Parent.Id=:parentId`;
+                // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+                imodel1.withPreparedStatement(subCategorySql, (subCategoryStatement) => {
+                    let numSubCategories = 0;
+                    subCategoryStatement.bindId("parentId", categoryId);
+                    while (DbResult.BE_SQLITE_ROW === subCategoryStatement.step()) {
+                        numSubCategories++;
+                        const subCategoryId = subCategoryStatement.getValue(0).getId();
+                        const subCategory = imodel1.elements.getElement(subCategoryId);
+                        assert.isTrue(subCategory instanceof SubCategory);
+                        assert.isTrue(subCategory.parent.id === categoryId);
+                    }
+                    assert.isAtLeast(numSubCategories, 1, "Expected query to find at least one SubCategory");
+                });
+            }
+            assert.isAtLeast(numCategories, 1, "Expected query to find some categories");
+        });
+    });
+    it("should be some 2d elements", () => {
+        const sql = `SELECT ECInstanceId FROM ${DrawingGraphic.classFullName}`;
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+        imodel2.withPreparedStatement(sql, (statement) => {
+            let numDrawingGraphics = 0;
+            let found25 = false;
+            let found26 = false;
+            while (DbResult.BE_SQLITE_ROW === statement.step()) {
+                numDrawingGraphics++;
+                const drawingGraphicId = statement.getValue(0).getId();
+                const drawingGraphic = imodel2.elements.getElement({ id: drawingGraphicId, wantGeometry: true });
+                assert.exists(drawingGraphic);
+                assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.className === "DrawingGraphic", "Should be instance of DrawingGraphic");
+                assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic instanceof DrawingGraphic, "Is instance of DrawingGraphic");
+                assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic instanceof GeometricElement2d, "Is instance of GeometricElement2d");
+                if (Id64.getLocalId(drawingGraphic.id) === 0x25) {
+                    found25 = true;
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.origin.x === 0.0);
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.origin.y === 0.0);
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.angle.radians === 0.0);
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.bbox.low.x === 0.0);
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.bbox.low.y === 0.0);
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.bbox.high.x === 1.0);
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.bbox.high.y === 1.0);
+                    assert.isDefined(drawingGraphic.geom);
+                }
+                else if (Id64.getLocalId(drawingGraphic.id) === 0x26) {
+                    found26 = true;
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.origin.x === 1.0);
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.origin.y === 1.0);
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.angle.radians === 0.0);
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.bbox.low.x === 0.0);
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.bbox.low.y === 0.0);
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.bbox.high.x === 2.0);
+                    assert.isTrue(drawingGraphic.placement.bbox.high.y === 2.0);
+                    assert.isDefined(drawingGraphic.geom);
+                }
+            }
+            assert.isAtLeast(numDrawingGraphics, 1, "Expected query to find some DrawingGraphics");
+            assert.isTrue(found25, "Expected to find a specific element");
+            assert.isTrue(found26, "Expected to find a specific element");
+        });
+    });
+    it("should be able to query for ViewDefinitionProps", () => {
+        const viewDefinitionProps = imodel2.views.queryViewDefinitionProps(); // query for all ViewDefinitions
+        assert.isAtLeast(viewDefinitionProps.length, 3);
+        assert.isTrue(viewDefinitionProps[0].classFullName.includes("ViewDefinition"));
+        assert.isFalse(viewDefinitionProps[1].isPrivate);
+        const spatialViewDefinitionProps = imodel2.views.queryViewDefinitionProps("BisCore.SpatialViewDefinition"); // limit query to SpatialViewDefinitions
+        assert.isAtLeast(spatialViewDefinitionProps.length, 3);
+        assert.exists(spatialViewDefinitionProps[2].modelSelectorId);
+    });
+    it("should iterate ViewDefinitions", () => {
+        // imodel2 contains 3 SpatialViewDefinitions and no other views.
+        let numViews = 0;
+        let result = imodel2.views.iterateViews(IModelDb.Views.defaultQueryParams, (_view) => {
+            ++numViews;
+            return true;
+        });
+        expect(result).to.be.true;
+        expect(numViews).to.equal(3);
+        // Query specifically for spatial views
+        numViews = 0;
+        result = imodel2.views.iterateViews({ from: "BisCore.SpatialViewDefinition" }, (view) => {
+            if (view.isSpatialView())
+                ++numViews;
+            return view.isSpatialView();
+        });
+        expect(result).to.be.true;
+        expect(numViews).to.equal(3);
+        // Query specifically for 2d views
+        numViews = 0;
+        result = imodel2.views.iterateViews({ from: "BisCore.ViewDefinition2d" }, (_view) => {
+            ++numViews;
+            return true;
+        });
+        expect(result).to.be.true;
+        expect(numViews).to.equal(0);
+        // Terminate iteration on first view
+        numViews = 0;
+        result = imodel2.views.iterateViews(IModelDb.Views.defaultQueryParams, (_view) => {
+            ++numViews;
+            return false;
+        });
+        expect(result).to.be.false;
+        expect(numViews).to.equal(1);
+    });
+    it("should be children of RootSubject", () => {
+        const sql = `SELECT ECInstanceId FROM ${Model.classFullName} WHERE ParentModel.Id=:parentModelId`;
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+        imodel2.withPreparedStatement(sql, (statement) => {
+            statement.bindId("parentModelId", IModel.repositoryModelId);
+            let numModels = 0;
+            while (DbResult.BE_SQLITE_ROW === statement.step()) {
+                numModels++;
+                const modelId = statement.getValue(0).getId();
+                const model = imodel2.models.getModel(modelId);
+                assert.exists(model, "Model should exist");
+                assert.isTrue(model instanceof Model);
+                // should be an element with the same Id.
+                const modeledElement = imodel2.elements.getElement(modelId);
+                assert.exists(modeledElement, "Modeled Element should exist");
+                if (model.className === "LinkModel") {
+                    // expect LinkModel to be accompanied by LinkPartition
+                    assert.isTrue(modeledElement instanceof LinkPartition);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else if (model.className === "DictionaryModel") {
+                    assert.isTrue(modeledElement instanceof DefinitionPartition);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else if (model.className === "PhysicalModel") {
+                    assert.isTrue(modeledElement instanceof PhysicalPartition);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else if (model.className === "GroupModel") {
+                    assert.isTrue(modeledElement instanceof GroupInformationPartition);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else if (model.className === "DocumentListModel") {
+                    assert.isTrue(modeledElement instanceof DocumentPartition);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else if (model.className === "DefinitionModel") {
+                    assert.isTrue(modeledElement instanceof DefinitionPartition);
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else {
+                    assert.isTrue(false, "Expected a known model type");
+                }
+            }
+            assert.isAtLeast(numModels, 1, "Expected query to find some Models");
+        });
+    });
+    it("should insert and update auto-handled properties", () => {
+        const testElem = imodel4.elements.getElement("0x14");
+        assert.isDefined(testElem);
+        assert.equal(testElem.classFullName, "DgnPlatformTest:TestElementWithNoHandler");
+        assert.isUndefined(testElem.asAny.integerProperty1);
+        const newTestElem = roundtripThroughJson(testElem);
+        assert.equal(newTestElem.classFullName, testElem.classFullName);
+        newTestElem.asAny.integerProperty1 = 999;
+        assert.isTrue(testElem.asAny.arrayOfPoint3d[0].isAlmostEqual(newTestElem.asAny.arrayOfPoint3d[0]));
+        const loc1 = { street: "Elm Street", city: { name: "Downingtown", state: "PA" } };
+        const loc2 = { street: "Oak Street", city: { name: "Downingtown", state: "PA" } };
+        const loc3 = { street: "Chestnut Street", city: { name: "Philadelphia", state: "PA" } };
+        const arrayOfStructs = [loc2, loc3];
+        newTestElem.asAny.location = loc1;
+        newTestElem.asAny.arrayOfStructs = arrayOfStructs;
+        newTestElem.asAny.dtUtc = new Date("2015-03-25");
+        newTestElem.asAny.p3d = new Point3d(1, 2, 3);
+        const newTestElemId = imodel4.elements.insertElement(newTestElem.toJSON());
+        assert.isTrue(Id64.isValidId64(newTestElemId), "insert worked");
+        const newTestElemFetched = imodel4.elements.getElement(newTestElemId);
+        assert.isDefined(newTestElemFetched);
+        assert.isTrue(newTestElemFetched.id === newTestElemId);
+        assert.equal(newTestElemFetched.classFullName, newTestElem.classFullName);
+        assert.isDefined(newTestElemFetched.asAny.integerProperty1);
+        assert.equal(newTestElemFetched.asAny.integerProperty1, newTestElem.asAny.integerProperty1);
+        assert.isTrue(newTestElemFetched.asAny.arrayOfPoint3d[0].isAlmostEqual(newTestElem.asAny.arrayOfPoint3d[0]));
+        assert.deepEqual(newTestElemFetched.asAny.location, loc1);
+        assert.deepEqual(newTestElem.asAny.arrayOfStructs, arrayOfStructs);
+        // TODO: getElement must convert date ISO string to Date object    assert.deepEqual(newTestElemFetched.dtUtc, newTestElem.dtUtc);
+        assert.deepEqual(newTestElemFetched.asAny.dtUtc, newTestElem.asAny.dtUtc.toJSON());
+        assert.isTrue(newTestElemFetched.asAny.p3d.isAlmostEqual(newTestElem.asAny.p3d));
+        // ----------- updates ----------------
+        const wasp3d = newTestElemFetched.asAny.p3d;
+        const editElem = newTestElemFetched;
+        editElem.asAny.location = loc2;
+        try {
+            imodel4.elements.updateElement(editElem.toJSON());
+        }
+        catch {
+            assert.fail("Element.update failed");
+        }
+        const afterUpdateElemFetched = imodel4.elements.getElement(editElem.id);
+        assert.deepEqual(afterUpdateElemFetched.asAny.location, loc2, " location property should be the new one");
+        assert.deepEqual(afterUpdateElemFetched.asAny.id, editElem.id, " the id should not have changed.");
+        assert.deepEqual(afterUpdateElemFetched.asAny.p3d, wasp3d, " p3d property should not have changed");
+        // Make array shorter
+        assert.equal(afterUpdateElemFetched.asAny.arrayOfInt.length, 300);
+        afterUpdateElemFetched.asAny.arrayOfInt = [99, 3];
+        imodel4.elements.updateElement(afterUpdateElemFetched.toJSON());
+        const afterShortenArray = imodel4.elements.getElement(afterUpdateElemFetched.id);
+        assert.equal(afterUpdateElemFetched.asAny.arrayOfInt.length, 2);
+        assert.deepEqual(afterShortenArray.asAny.arrayOfInt, [99, 3]);
+        // Make array longer
+        afterShortenArray.asAny.arrayOfInt = [1, 2, 3];
+        imodel4.elements.updateElement(afterShortenArray.toJSON());
+        const afterLengthenArray = imodel4.elements.getElement(afterShortenArray.id);
+        assert.equal(afterLengthenArray.asAny.arrayOfInt.length, 3);
+        assert.deepEqual(afterLengthenArray.asAny.arrayOfInt, [1, 2, 3]);
+        // ------------ delete -----------------
+        const elid = afterUpdateElemFetched.id;
+        imodel4.elements.deleteElement(elid);
+        assert.throws(() => imodel4.elements.getElement(elid), IModelError);
+    });
+    it("should handle parent and child deletion properly", () => {
+        const categoryId = SpatialCategory.insert(imodel4, IModel.dictionaryId, "MyTestCategory", new SubCategoryAppearance());
+        const category = imodel4.elements.getElement(categoryId);
+        const subCategory = imodel4.elements.getElement(category.myDefaultSubCategoryId());
+        expect(() => imodel4.elements.deleteElement(categoryId)).throws("error deleting element").to.have.property("metadata");
+        assert.exists(imodel4.elements.getElement(categoryId), "Category deletes should be blocked in native code");
+        assert.exists(imodel4.elements.getElement(subCategory.id), "Children should not be deleted if parent delete is blocked");
+        const modelId = PhysicalModel.insert(imodel4, IModel.rootSubjectId, "MyTestPhysicalModel");
+        const elementProps = {
+            classFullName: PhysicalObject.classFullName,
+            model: modelId,
+            category: categoryId,
+            code: Code.createEmpty(),
+        };
+        const parentId = imodel4.elements.insertElement(elementProps);
+        elementProps.parent = new ElementOwnsChildElements(parentId);
+        const childId1 = imodel4.elements.insertElement(elementProps);
+        const childId2 = imodel4.elements.insertElement(elementProps);
+        assert.exists(imodel4.elements.getElement(parentId));
+        assert.exists(imodel4.elements.getElement(childId1));
+        assert.exists(imodel4.elements.getElement(childId2));
+        imodel4.elements.deleteElement(parentId);
+        assert.throws(() => imodel4.elements.getElement(parentId), IModelError);
+        assert.throws(() => imodel4.elements.getElement(childId1), IModelError);
+        assert.throws(() => imodel4.elements.getElement(childId2), IModelError);
+    });
+    function checkElementMetaData(entityClass) {
+        assert.isNotNull(entityClass);
+        assert.equal(entityClass.fullName, Element.classFullName.replace(":", "."));
+        assert.isUndefined(entityClass.baseClass);
+        let foundClassHasHandler = false;
+        let foundClassHasCurrentTimeStampProperty = false;
+        if (entityClass.customAttributes !== undefined) {
+            if (entityClass.customAttributes.has("BisCore.ClassHasHandler"))
+                foundClassHasHandler = true;
+            if (entityClass.customAttributes.has("CoreCustomAttributes.ClassHasCurrentTimeStampProperty"))
+                foundClassHasCurrentTimeStampProperty = true;
+        }
+        assert.isTrue(foundClassHasHandler);
+        assert.isTrue(foundClassHasCurrentTimeStampProperty);
+        const federationGuid = entityClass.getPropertySync("federationGuid", false);
+        if (federationGuid !== undefined) {
+            assert.isTrue(federationGuid.isPrimitive());
+            assert.equal(federationGuid.propertyType, PropertyType.Binary);
+            assert.equal(federationGuid.extendedTypeName, "BeGuid");
+        }
+    }
+    it("should get metadata for class", () => {
+        const metaData = imodel1.schemaContext.getSchemaItemSync(Element.classFullName, EntityClass);
+        assert.exists(metaData);
+        if (metaData !== undefined)
+            checkElementMetaData(metaData);
+    });
+    it("update the project extents", async () => {
+        const originalExtents = imodel1.projectExtents;
+        const newExtents = Range3d.create(originalExtents.low, originalExtents.high);
+        newExtents.low.x -= 50;
+        newExtents.low.y -= 25;
+        newExtents.low.z -= 189;
+        newExtents.high.x += 1087;
+        newExtents.high.y += 19;
+        newExtents.high.z += .001;
+        imodel1.updateProjectExtents(newExtents);
+        const updatedProps = imodel1[_nativeDb].getIModelProps();
+        assert.isTrue(updatedProps.hasOwnProperty("projectExtents"), "Returned property JSON object has project extents");
+        const updatedExtents = Range3d.fromJSON(updatedProps.projectExtents);
+        assert.isTrue(newExtents.isAlmostEqual(updatedExtents), "Project extents successfully updated in database");
+    });
+    it("read view thumbnail", () => {
+        const viewId = "0x24";
+        const thumbnail = imodel5.views.getThumbnail(viewId);
+        assert.exists(thumbnail);
+        if (!thumbnail)
+            return;
+        assert.equal(thumbnail.format, "jpeg");
+        assert.equal(thumbnail.height, 768);
+        assert.equal(thumbnail.width, 768);
+        assert.equal(thumbnail.image.length, 18062);
+        thumbnail.width = 100;
+        thumbnail.height = 200;
+        thumbnail.format = "png";
+        thumbnail.image = new Uint8Array(200);
+        thumbnail.image.fill(12);
+        const stat = imodel5.views.saveThumbnail(viewId, thumbnail);
+        assert.equal(stat, 0, "save thumbnail");
+        const thumbnail2 = imodel5.views.getThumbnail(viewId);
+        assert.exists(thumbnail2);
+        if (!thumbnail2)
+            return;
+        assert.equal(thumbnail2.format, "png");
+        assert.equal(thumbnail2.height, 200);
+        assert.equal(thumbnail2.width, 100);
+        assert.equal(thumbnail2.image.length, 200);
+        assert.equal(thumbnail2.image[0], 12);
+    });
+    it("ecefLocation for iModels", () => {
+        assert.isTrue(imodel5.isGeoLocated);
+        const center = { x: 289095, y: 3803860, z: 10 }; // near center of project extents, 10 meters above ground.
+        const ecefPt = imodel5.spatialToEcef(center);
+        const pt = { x: -3575156.3661052254, y: 3873432.0891543664, z: 3578996.012643183 };
+        assert.isTrue(ecefPt.isAlmostEqual(pt), "spatialToEcef");
+        const z2 = imodel5.ecefToSpatial(ecefPt);
+        assert.isTrue(z2.isAlmostEqual(center), "ecefToSpatial");
+        const carto = imodel5.spatialToCartographicFromEcef(center);
+        assert.approximately(carto.longitudeDegrees, 132.70683882277805, .1); // this data is in Japan
+        assert.approximately(carto.latitudeDegrees, 34.35462768786055, .1);
+        const c2 = { longitude: 2.3161712773709127, latitude: 0.5996013664499733, height: 10 };
+        assert.isTrue(carto.equalsEpsilon(c2, .001), "spatialToCartographic");
+        imodel5.cartographicToSpatialFromEcef(carto, z2);
+        assert.isTrue(z2.isAlmostEqual(center, .001), "cartographicToSpatial");
+        assert.isTrue(imodel5.geographicCoordinateSystem !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(imodel5.geographicCoordinateSystem.horizontalCRS !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(imodel5.geographicCoordinateSystem.verticalCRS !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(imodel5.geographicCoordinateSystem.verticalCRS.id !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(imodel5.geographicCoordinateSystem.horizontalCRS.id === "UTM84-53N");
+        assert.isTrue(imodel5.geographicCoordinateSystem.verticalCRS.id === "ELLIPSOID");
+    });
+    function checkClassHasHandlerMetaData(classToCheck) {
+        assert.isDefined(classToCheck);
+        const propertiesArray = Array.from(classToCheck.getPropertiesSync(true));
+        assert.equal(propertiesArray.length, 1);
+        const restrictionProperty = propertiesArray[0];
+        assert.isDefined(restrictionProperty);
+        assert.equal(restrictionProperty.name, "Restrictions");
+        assert.equal(propertyTypeToString(restrictionProperty.propertyType), "PrimitiveArrayProperty");
+        assert.equal(restrictionProperty.minOccurs, 0);
+    }
+    it("should get metadata for CA class just as well (and we'll see a array-typed property)", () => {
+        const metaData = imodel1.schemaContext.getSchemaItemSync("BisCore.ClassHasHandler", CustomAttributeClass);
+        assert.exists(metaData);
+        if (metaData !== undefined) {
+            assert.equal(metaData.schemaItemType, SchemaItemType.CustomAttributeClass);
+            checkClassHasHandlerMetaData(metaData);
+        }
+    });
+    it("should exercise ECSqlStatement (backend only)", () => {
+        // Reject an invalid statement
+        try {
+            // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+            imodel2.prepareStatement("select no_such_property, codeValue from bis.element", false);
+            assert.fail("prepare should have failed with an exception");
+        }
+        catch (err) {
+            assert.isTrue(err.constructor.name === "IModelError");
+            assert.notEqual(err.status, DbResult.BE_SQLITE_OK);
+        }
+        let lastId = "";
+        let firstCodeValue = "";
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+        imodel2.withPreparedStatement("select ecinstanceid, codeValue from bis.element", (stmt) => {
+            assert.isNotNull(stmt);
+            // Reject an attempt to bind when there are no placeholders in the statement
+            try {
+                stmt.bindStruct(1, { foo: 1 });
+                assert.fail("bindStruct should have failed with an exception");
+            }
+            catch (err2) {
+                assert.isTrue(err2.constructor.name === "IModelError");
+                assert.notEqual(err2.status, DbResult.BE_SQLITE_OK);
+            }
+            // Verify that we get a bunch of rows with the expected shape
+            let count = 0;
+            while (DbResult.BE_SQLITE_ROW === stmt.step()) {
+                const row = stmt.getRow();
+                assert.isNotNull(row);
+                assert.isObject(row);
+                assert.isTrue(row.id !== undefined);
+                assert.isTrue(Id64.isValid(Id64.fromJSON(row.id)));
+                lastId = row.id;
+                if (row.codeValue !== undefined)
+                    firstCodeValue = row.codeValue;
+                count = count + 1;
+            }
+            assert.isTrue(count > 1);
+            assert.notEqual(lastId, "");
+            assert.notEqual(firstCodeValue, "");
+            // Try iterator style
+            let firstCodeValueIter = "";
+            let iteratorCount = 0;
+            let lastIterId = "";
+            stmt.reset();
+            for (const row of stmt) {
+                assert.isNotNull(row);
+                assert.isObject(row);
+                assert.isTrue(row.id !== undefined);
+                assert.isTrue(Id64.isValid(Id64.fromJSON(row.id)));
+                lastIterId = row.id;
+                iteratorCount = iteratorCount + 1;
+                if (row.codeValue !== undefined)
+                    firstCodeValueIter = row.codeValue;
+            }
+            assert.equal(iteratorCount, count, "iterator loop should find the same number of rows as the step loop");
+            assert.equal(lastIterId, lastId, "iterator loop should see the same last row as the step loop");
+            assert.equal(firstCodeValueIter, firstCodeValue, "iterator loop should find the first non-null code value as the step loop");
+        });
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+        imodel2.withPreparedStatement("select ecinstanceid, codeValue from bis.element WHERE (ecinstanceid=?)", (stmt3) => {
+            // Now try a statement with a placeholder
+            const idToFind = Id64.fromJSON(lastId);
+            stmt3.bindId(1, idToFind);
+            let count = 0;
+            while (DbResult.BE_SQLITE_ROW === stmt3.step()) {
+                count = count + 1;
+                const row = stmt3.getRow();
+                // Verify that we got the row that we asked for
+                assert.isTrue(idToFind === Id64.fromJSON(row.id));
+            }
+            // Verify that we got the row that we asked for
+            assert.equal(count, 1);
+        });
+        let firstCodeValueId;
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+        imodel2.withPreparedStatement("select ecinstanceid, codeValue from bis.element WHERE (codeValue = :codevalue)", (stmt4) => {
+            // Try a named placeholder
+            const codeValueToFind = firstCodeValue;
+            stmt4.bindString("codeValue", codeValueToFind);
+            let count = 0;
+            while (DbResult.BE_SQLITE_ROW === stmt4.step()) {
+                count = count + 1;
+                const row = stmt4.getRow();
+                // Verify that we got the row that we asked for
+                assert.equal(row.codeValue, codeValueToFind);
+                firstCodeValueId = row.id;
+            }
+            // Verify that we got the row that we asked for
+            assert.equal(count, 1);
+        });
+        // make sure we can use parameterized values for queryEnityId (test on parameterized codevalue)
+        const ids = imodel2.queryEntityIds({ from: "bis.element", where: "codevalue=:cv", bindings: { cv: firstCodeValue } });
+        assert.equal(ids.values().next().value, firstCodeValueId);
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+        imodel2.withPreparedStatement("select ecinstanceid as id, codevalue from bis.element", (stmt5) => {
+            while (DbResult.BE_SQLITE_ROW === stmt5.step()) {
+                // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+                imodel2.withPreparedStatement("select codevalue from bis.element where ecinstanceid=?", (stmt6) => {
+                    stmt6.bindId(1, stmt5.getRow().id);
+                    while (DbResult.BE_SQLITE_ROW === stmt6.step()) {
+                        assert.equal(stmt6.getRow().codevalue, stmt5.getRow().codevalue);
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        });
+        // make sure queryEnityIds works fine when all params are specified
+        const physicalObjectIds = imodel2.queryEntityIds({ from: "generic.PhysicalObject", where: "codevalue is null", limit: 1, offset: 1, only: true, orderBy: "ecinstanceid desc" });
+        assert.equal(physicalObjectIds.size, 1);
+    });
+    it("validate BisCodeSpecs", async () => {
+        assert.equal(imodel2.codeSpecs.getByName(BisCodeSpec.nullCodeSpec).scopeType, CodeScopeSpec.Type.Repository);
+        assert.equal(imodel2.codeSpecs.getByName(BisCodeSpec.subCategory).scopeType, CodeScopeSpec.Type.ParentElement);
+        assert.equal(imodel2.codeSpecs.getByName(BisCodeSpec.viewDefinition).scopeType, CodeScopeSpec.Type.Model);
+        assert.equal(imodel2.codeSpecs.getByName(BisCodeSpec.subject).scopeReq, CodeScopeSpec.ScopeRequirement.ElementId);
+    });
+    it("should create and insert CodeSpecs", () => {
+        const testImodel = imodel2;
+        const codeSpec = CodeSpec.create(testImodel, "CodeSpec1", CodeScopeSpec.Type.Model);
+        const codeSpecId = testImodel.codeSpecs.insert(codeSpec); // throws in case of error
+        assert.deepEqual(codeSpecId, codeSpec.id);
+        assert.equal(codeSpec.scopeType, CodeScopeSpec.Type.Model);
+        assert.equal(codeSpec.scopeReq, CodeScopeSpec.ScopeRequirement.ElementId);
+        // Should not be able to insert a duplicate.
+        const codeSpecDup = CodeSpec.create(testImodel, "CodeSpec1", CodeScopeSpec.Type.Model);
+        assert.throws(() => testImodel.codeSpecs.insert(codeSpecDup), "CodeSpec already exists");
+        // We should be able to insert another CodeSpec with a different name.
+        const codeSpec2 = CodeSpec.create(testImodel, "CodeSpec2", CodeScopeSpec.Type.Model, CodeScopeSpec.ScopeRequirement.FederationGuid);
+        const codeSpec2Id = testImodel.codeSpecs.insert(codeSpec2); // throws in case of error
+        assert.deepEqual(codeSpec2Id, codeSpec2.id);
+        assert.notDeepEqual(codeSpec2Id, codeSpecId);
+        // make sure CodeScopeSpec.Type.Repository works
+        const codeSpec3 = CodeSpec.create(testImodel, "CodeSpec3", CodeScopeSpec.Type.Repository, CodeScopeSpec.ScopeRequirement.FederationGuid);
+        const codeSpec3Id = testImodel.codeSpecs.insert(codeSpec3); // throws in case of error
+        assert.notDeepEqual(codeSpec2Id, codeSpec3Id);
+        const codeSpec4 = testImodel.codeSpecs.getById(codeSpec3Id);
+        codeSpec4.name = "CodeSpec4";
+        const codeSpec4Id = testImodel.codeSpecs.insert(codeSpec4); // throws in case of error
+        assert.notDeepEqual(codeSpec3Id, codeSpec4Id);
+        assert.equal(codeSpec4.scopeType, CodeScopeSpec.Type.Repository);
+        assert.equal(codeSpec4.scopeReq, CodeScopeSpec.ScopeRequirement.FederationGuid);
+        const copyOfCodeSpec4 = testImodel.codeSpecs.getById(codeSpec4Id);
+        assert.deepEqual(codeSpec4, copyOfCodeSpec4);
+        assert.isTrue(testImodel.codeSpecs.hasName("CodeSpec1"));
+        assert.isTrue(testImodel.codeSpecs.hasName("CodeSpec2"));
+        assert.isTrue(testImodel.codeSpecs.hasName("CodeSpec3"));
+        assert.isTrue(testImodel.codeSpecs.hasName("CodeSpec4"));
+        assert.isFalse(testImodel.codeSpecs.hasName("CodeSpec5"));
+        assert.isTrue(testImodel.codeSpecs.hasId(codeSpec.id));
+        assert.isTrue(testImodel.codeSpecs.hasId(codeSpec2.id));
+        assert.isTrue(testImodel.codeSpecs.hasId(codeSpec3.id));
+        assert.isTrue(testImodel.codeSpecs.hasId(codeSpec4.id));
+        assert.isFalse(testImodel.codeSpecs.hasId(Id64.invalid));
+    });
+    it("validate CodeSpec properties", async () => {
+        const iModelFileName = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "ReadWriteCodeSpec.bim");
+        const codeSpecName = "CodeSpec1";
+        // Write new CodeSpec to iModel
+        if (true) {
+            const iModelDb = IModelTestUtils.createSnapshotFromSeed(iModelFileName, IModelTestUtils.resolveAssetFile("CompatibilityTestSeed.bim"));
+            const codeSpec = CodeSpec.create(iModelDb, codeSpecName, CodeScopeSpec.Type.Model, CodeScopeSpec.ScopeRequirement.FederationGuid);
+            const codeSpecId = iModelDb.codeSpecs.insert(codeSpec);
+            assert.isTrue(Id64.isValidId64(codeSpec.id));
+            assert.equal(codeSpec.id, codeSpecId);
+            assert.equal(codeSpec.name, codeSpecName);
+            assert.equal(codeSpec.scopeType, CodeScopeSpec.Type.Model);
+            assert.equal(codeSpec.scopeReq, CodeScopeSpec.ScopeRequirement.FederationGuid);
+            iModelDb.saveChanges();
+            iModelDb.close();
+        }
+        // Reopen iModel (ensure CodeSpec cache is cleared) and reconfirm CodeSpec properties
+        if (true) {
+            const iModelDb = SnapshotDb.openFile(iModelFileName);
+            const codeSpec = iModelDb.codeSpecs.getByName(codeSpecName);
+            assert.isTrue(Id64.isValidId64(codeSpec.id));
+            assert.equal(codeSpec.name, codeSpecName);
+            assert.equal(codeSpec.scopeType, CodeScopeSpec.Type.Model);
+            assert.equal(codeSpec.scopeReq, CodeScopeSpec.ScopeRequirement.FederationGuid);
+            iModelDb.close();
+        }
+    });
+    it("snapping", async () => {
+        const worldToView = Matrix4d.createIdentity();
+        const response = await imodel2.requestSnap("0x222", { testPoint: { x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 }, closePoint: { x: 1, y: 2, z: 3 }, id: "0x111", worldToView: worldToView.toJSON() });
+        assert.isDefined(response.status);
+    });
+    it("should import schemas", async () => {
+        const metaData = await imodel1.schemaContext.getSchemaItem("TestBim:TestDocument", EntityClass);
+        assert.isDefined(metaData);
+        if (metaData !== undefined) {
+            const property = await metaData.getProperty("testDocumentProperty");
+            assert.isDefined(property);
+            if (property !== undefined)
+                assert.isDefined(property.propertyType, propertyTypeToString(PropertyType.Integer));
+        }
+    });
+    it("should do CRUD on models", () => {
+        const testImodel = imodel2;
+        const [modeledElementId, newModelId] = IModelTestUtils.createAndInsertPhysicalPartitionAndModel(testImodel, Code.createEmpty(), true);
+        const newModelPersist = testImodel.models.getModel(newModelId);
+        // Check that it has the properties that we set.
+        assert.equal(newModelPersist.classFullName, PhysicalModel.classFullName);
+        assert.isTrue(newModelPersist.isPrivate);
+        assert.deepEqual(newModelPersist.modeledElement.id, modeledElementId);
+        // Update the model
+        newModelPersist.isPrivate = false;
+        testImodel.models.updateModel(newModelPersist.toJSON());
+        //  ... and check that it updated the model in the db
+        const newModelPersist2 = testImodel.models.getModel(newModelId);
+        assert.isFalse(newModelPersist2.isPrivate);
+        // Delete the model
+        testImodel.models.deleteModel(newModelId);
+        // Test insertModel error handling
+        assert.throws(() => {
+            testImodel.models.insertModel({
+                classFullName: DefinitionModel.classFullName,
+                modeledElement: { id: "0x10000000bad" },
+            });
+        }, IModelError);
+    });
+    it("should create model with custom relationship to modeled element", async () => {
+        const testImodel = imodel1;
+        assert.doesNotThrow(() => testImodel.schemaContext.getSchemaItemSync("TestBim:TestModelModelsElement", EntityClass), "TestModelModelsElement is expected to be defined in TestBim.ecschema.xml");
+        let newModelId1;
+        let newModelId2;
+        let relClassName1;
+        let relClassName2;
+        if (true) {
+            const newPartition1 = IModelTestUtils.createAndInsertPhysicalPartition(testImodel, Code.createEmpty());
+            relClassName1 = "TestBim:TestModelModelsElement";
+            const modeledElementRef = new RelatedElement({ id: newPartition1, relClassName: relClassName1 });
+            newModelId1 = IModelTestUtils.createAndInsertPhysicalModel(testImodel, modeledElementRef);
+            assert.isTrue(Id64.isValidId64(newModelId1));
+        }
+        if (true) {
+            [, newModelId2] = IModelTestUtils.createAndInsertPhysicalPartitionAndModel(testImodel, Code.createEmpty());
+            const newModel2 = testImodel.models.getModel(newModelId2);
+            relClassName2 = newModel2.modeledElement.relClassName;
+        }
+        const model1 = testImodel.models.getModel(newModelId1);
+        const model2 = testImodel.models.getModel(newModelId2);
+        const foundRelClassName1 = model1.modeledElement.relClassName;
+        const foundRelClassName2 = model2.modeledElement.relClassName;
+        assert.equal(foundRelClassName1, relClassName1);
+        assert.equal(foundRelClassName2, relClassName2);
+    });
+    it("should create link table relationship instances", () => {
+        const snapshotFile2 = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "CreateLinkTable.bim");
+        const testImodel = StandaloneDb.createEmpty(snapshotFile2, { rootSubject: { name: "test1" }, allowEdit: JSON.stringify({ txns: true }) });
+        const elements = testImodel.elements;
+        // Create a new physical model
+        const newModelId = PhysicalModel.insert(testImodel, IModel.rootSubjectId, "TestModel");
+        // create a SpatialCategory
+        const spatialCategoryId = SpatialCategory.insert(testImodel, IModel.dictionaryId, "MySpatialCategory", new SubCategoryAppearance({ color: ColorByName.darkRed }));
+        // Create a couple of physical elements.
+        const elementProps = {
+            classFullName: PhysicalObject.classFullName,
+            model: newModelId,
+            category: spatialCategoryId,
+            code: Code.createEmpty(),
+        };
+        const id0 = elements.insertElement(elementProps);
+        const id1 = elements.insertElement(elementProps);
+        const id2 = elements.insertElement(elementProps);
+        const geometricModel = testImodel.models.getModel(newModelId);
+        assert.throws(() => geometricModel.queryExtents()); // no geometry
+        // Create grouping relationships from 0 to 1 and from 0 to 2
+        const r1 = ElementGroupsMembers.create(testImodel, id0, id1, 1);
+        r1.insert();
+        const r2 = ElementGroupsMembers.create(testImodel, id0, id2);
+        r2.insert();
+        // Look up by id
+        const g1 = ElementGroupsMembers.getInstance(testImodel, r1.id);
+        const g2 = ElementGroupsMembers.getInstance(testImodel, r2.id);
+        assert.deepEqual(g1.id, r1.id);
+        assert.equal(g1.classFullName, ElementGroupsMembers.classFullName);
+        assert.equal(g1.memberPriority, 1, "g1.memberPriority");
+        assert.deepEqual(g2.id, r2.id);
+        assert.equal(g2.classFullName, ElementGroupsMembers.classFullName);
+        assert.equal(g2.memberPriority, 0, "g2.memberPriority"); // The memberPriority parameter defaults to 0 in ElementGroupsMembers.create
+        // Look up by source and target
+        const g1byst = ElementGroupsMembers.getInstance(testImodel, { sourceId: r1.sourceId, targetId: r1.targetId });
+        assert.deepEqual(g1byst, g1);
+        // Update relationship instance property
+        r1.asAny.memberPriority = 2;
+        r1.update();
+        const g11 = ElementGroupsMembers.getInstance(testImodel, r1.id);
+        assert.equal(g11.memberPriority, 2, "g11.memberPriority");
+        testImodel.saveChanges("step 1");
+        // Delete relationship instance property
+        g11.delete();
+        testImodel.saveChanges("step 2");
+        assert.throws(() => ElementGroupsMembers.getInstance(testImodel, r1.id), IModelError);
+        const d0 = elements.insertElement(elementProps);
+        const d1 = elements.insertElement(elementProps);
+        const ede1 = ElementDrivesElement.create(testImodel, d0, d1, 0);
+        ede1.insert();
+        testImodel.saveChanges("step 3");
+        ede1.delete();
+        testImodel.saveChanges("step 4");
+        testImodel.close();
+    });
+    it("should insert DefinitionSets", () => {
+        const iModelFileName = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "DefinitionSets.bim");
+        const iModelDb = SnapshotDb.createEmpty(iModelFileName, { rootSubject: { name: "DefinitionSets" }, createClassViews: true });
+        const definitionContainerId = DefinitionContainer.insert(iModelDb, IModel.dictionaryId, Code.createEmpty());
+        assert.exists(iModelDb.elements.getElement(definitionContainerId));
+        assert.exists(iModelDb.models.getModel(definitionContainerId));
+        const categoryId1 = SpatialCategory.insert(iModelDb, definitionContainerId, "Category1", new SubCategoryAppearance());
+        const categoryId2 = SpatialCategory.insert(iModelDb, definitionContainerId, "Category2", new SubCategoryAppearance());
+        const categoryId3 = SpatialCategory.insert(iModelDb, definitionContainerId, "Category3", new SubCategoryAppearance());
+        const definitionGroupId = DefinitionGroup.create(iModelDb, definitionContainerId, Code.createEmpty()).insert();
+        DefinitionGroupGroupsDefinitions.insert(iModelDb, definitionGroupId, categoryId1);
+        DefinitionGroupGroupsDefinitions.insert(iModelDb, definitionGroupId, categoryId2);
+        DefinitionGroupGroupsDefinitions.insert(iModelDb, definitionGroupId, categoryId3);
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+        const numMembers = iModelDb.withPreparedStatement(`SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ${DefinitionGroupGroupsDefinitions.classFullName}`, (statement) => {
+            return statement.step() === DbResult.BE_SQLITE_ROW ? statement.getValue(0).getInteger() : 0;
+        });
+        assert.equal(numMembers, 3);
+        iModelDb.saveChanges();
+        iModelDb.close();
+    });
+    it("should set EC properties of various types", async () => {
+        const testImodel = imodel1;
+        assert.doesNotThrow(() => testImodel.schemaContext.getSchemaItemSync("TestBim:TestPhysicalObject", EntityClass), "TestPhysicalObject is expected to be defined in TestBim.ecschema.xml");
+        // Create a new physical model
+        const [, newModelId] = IModelTestUtils.createAndInsertPhysicalPartitionAndModel(testImodel, Code.createEmpty(), true);
+        // Find or create a SpatialCategory
+        let spatialCategoryId = SpatialCategory.queryCategoryIdByName(testImodel, IModel.dictionaryId, "MySpatialCategory");
+        if (undefined === spatialCategoryId) {
+            spatialCategoryId = SpatialCategory.insert(testImodel, IModel.dictionaryId, "MySpatialCategory", new SubCategoryAppearance());
+        }
+        const trelClassName = "TestBim:TestPhysicalObjectRelatedToTestPhysicalObject";
+        let id1;
+        let id2;
+        if (true) {
+            // Create a couple of TestPhysicalObjects
+            const elementProps = {
+                classFullName: "TestBim:TestPhysicalObject",
+                model: newModelId,
+                category: spatialCategoryId,
+                code: Code.createEmpty(),
+            };
+            id1 = testImodel.elements.insertElement(testImodel.elements.createElement(elementProps).toJSON());
+            assert.isTrue(Id64.isValidId64(id1));
+            // The second one should point to the first.
+            elementProps.id = Id64.invalid;
+            elementProps.relatedElement = { id: id1, relClassName: trelClassName };
+            elementProps.parent = { id: id1, relClassName: trelClassName };
+            elementProps.longProp = 4294967295; // make sure that we can save values in the range 0 ... UINT_MAX
+            id2 = testImodel.elements.insertElement(testImodel.elements.createElement(elementProps).toJSON());
+            assert.isTrue(Id64.isValidId64(id2));
+        }
+        if (true) {
+            // Test that el2 points to el1
+            const el2 = testImodel.elements.getElement(id2);
+            assert.equal(el2.classFullName, "TestBim:TestPhysicalObject");
+            assert.isTrue("relatedElement" in el2);
+            assert.isTrue("id" in el2.asAny.relatedElement);
+            assert.deepEqual(el2.asAny.relatedElement.id, id1);
+            assert.equal(el2.asAny.longProp, 4294967295);
+            // Even though I didn't set it, the platform knows the relationship class and reports it.
+            assert.isTrue("relClassName" in el2.asAny.relatedElement);
+            assert.equal(el2.asAny.relatedElement.relClassName.replace(".", ":"), trelClassName);
+        }
+        if (true) {
+            // Change el2 to point to itself.
+            const el2Modified = testImodel.elements.getElement(id2);
+            el2Modified.asAny.relatedElement = { id: id2, relClassName: trelClassName };
+            testImodel.elements.updateElement(el2Modified.toJSON());
+            // Test that el2 points to itself.
+            const el2after = testImodel.elements.getElement(id2);
+            assert.deepEqual(el2after.asAny.relatedElement.id, id2);
+            assert.equal(el2after.asAny.relatedElement.relClassName.replace(".", ":"), trelClassName);
+        }
+        if (true) {
+            // Test that we can null out the navigation property
+            const el2Modified = testImodel.elements.getElement(id2);
+            el2Modified.asAny.relatedElement = null;
+            testImodel.elements.updateElement(el2Modified.toJSON());
+            // Test that el2 has no relatedElement property value
+            const el2after = testImodel.elements.getElement(id2);
+            assert.isUndefined(el2after.asAny.relatedElement);
+        }
+    });
+    it("should be able to create a snapshot IModel", async () => {
+        const args = {
+            rootSubject: { name: "TestSubject", description: "test iTwin" },
+            client: "ABC Engineering",
+            globalOrigin: { x: 10, y: 10 },
+            projectExtents: { low: { x: -300, y: -300, z: -20 }, high: { x: 500, y: 500, z: 400 } },
+            guid: Guid.createValue(),
+        };
+        const iModel = SnapshotDb.createEmpty(IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "TestSnapshot.bim"), args);
+        assert.equal(iModel.iModelId, args.guid);
+        assert.equal(iModel.rootSubject.name, args.rootSubject.name);
+        assert.equal(iModel.rootSubject.description, args.rootSubject.description);
+        assert.equal(iModel.projectExtents.low.x, args.projectExtents.low.x);
+        assert.equal(iModel.projectExtents.low.y, args.projectExtents.low.y);
+        assert.equal(iModel.projectExtents.low.z, args.projectExtents.low.z);
+        assert.equal(iModel.globalOrigin.x, args.globalOrigin.x);
+        assert.equal(iModel.globalOrigin.y, args.globalOrigin.y);
+        assert.equal(iModel.globalOrigin.z, 0);
+        const client = iModel.queryFilePropertyString({ name: "Client", namespace: "dgn_Db" });
+        assert.equal(client, args.client, "query Client property");
+        const dbguid = iModel.queryFilePropertyBlob({ name: "DbGuid", namespace: "be_Db" });
+        assert.equal(dbguid.byteLength, 16, "query guid property");
+        const myPropsStr = { name: "MyProp", namespace: "test1", id: 1, subId: 1 };
+        const myStrVal = "this is a test";
+        iModel.saveFileProperty(myPropsStr, myStrVal);
+        const readFromDb = iModel.queryFilePropertyString(myPropsStr);
+        assert.equal(readFromDb, myStrVal, "query string after save");
+        const myPropsBlob = { name: "MyBlob", namespace: "test1", id: 10 };
+        const testRange = new Uint8Array(500);
+        testRange.fill(11);
+        iModel.saveFileProperty(myPropsBlob, undefined, testRange);
+        const blobFromDb = iModel.queryFilePropertyBlob(myPropsBlob);
+        assert.deepEqual(blobFromDb, testRange, "query blob after save");
+        let next = iModel.queryNextAvailableFileProperty(myPropsBlob);
+        assert.equal(11, next, "queryNextAvailableFileProperty blob");
+        next = iModel.queryNextAvailableFileProperty(myPropsStr);
+        assert.equal(2, next, "queryNextAvailableFileProperty str");
+        iModel.deleteFileProperty(myPropsStr);
+        assert.isUndefined(iModel.queryFilePropertyString(myPropsStr), "property was deleted");
+        next = iModel.queryNextAvailableFileProperty(myPropsStr);
+        assert.equal(0, next, "queryNextAvailableFileProperty, should return 0 when none present");
+        const testLocal = "TestLocal";
+        const testValue = "this is a test";
+        const nativeDb = iModel[_nativeDb];
+        assert.isUndefined(nativeDb.queryLocalValue(testLocal));
+        nativeDb.saveLocalValue(testLocal, testValue);
+        assert.equal(nativeDb.queryLocalValue(testLocal), testValue);
+        iModel.close();
+    });
+    it("should be able to create a snapshot IModel and set geolocation by GCS", async () => {
+        const args = {
+            rootSubject: { name: "TestSubject", description: "test iTwin" },
+            client: "ABC Engineering",
+            globalOrigin: { x: 10, y: 10 },
+            projectExtents: { low: { x: -300, y: -300, z: -20 }, high: { x: 500, y: 500, z: 400 } },
+            guid: Guid.createValue(),
+        };
+        const gcs = new GeographicCRS({
+            horizontalCRS: {
+                id: "10TM115-27",
+                description: "",
+                source: "Mentor Software Client",
+                deprecated: false,
+                datumId: "NAD27",
+                unit: "Meter",
+                projection: {
+                    method: "TransverseMercator",
+                    centralMeridian: -115,
+                    latitudeOfOrigin: 0,
+                    scaleFactor: 0.9992,
+                    falseEasting: 0.0,
+                    falseNorthing: 0.0,
+                },
+                extent: {
+                    southWest: { latitude: 48, longitude: -120.5 },
+                    northEast: { latitude: 84, longitude: -109.5 },
+                },
+            },
+            verticalCRS: { id: "GEOID" },
+            additionalTransform: {
+                helmert2DWithZOffset: {
+                    translationX: 10.0,
+                    translationY: 15.0,
+                    translationZ: 0.02,
+                    rotDeg: 1.2,
+                    scale: 1.0001,
+                },
+            },
+        });
+        const testFile = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "TestSnapshot2.bim");
+        const iModel = SnapshotDb.createEmpty(testFile, args);
+        let eventListenedTo = false;
+        const gcsListener = (previousGCS) => {
+            assert.equal(previousGCS, undefined);
+            assert.isTrue(iModel.geographicCoordinateSystem !== undefined);
+            assert.isTrue(iModel.geographicCoordinateSystem.equals(gcs));
+            eventListenedTo = true;
+        };
+        iModel.onGeographicCoordinateSystemChanged.addListener(gcsListener);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel.geographicCoordinateSystem === undefined);
+        assert.isFalse(eventListenedTo);
+        iModel.geographicCoordinateSystem = gcs;
+        assert.isTrue(eventListenedTo);
+        iModel.updateIModelProps();
+        iModel.saveChanges();
+        iModel.close();
+        const iModel2 = SnapshotDb.openFile(testFile);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem !== undefined);
+        // The reloaded gcs will be different as the datum definition will have been expanded
+        assert.isFalse(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.equals(gcs));
+        // But other properties will be identical
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.verticalCRS !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.verticalCRS.equals(gcs.verticalCRS));
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.additionalTransform !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.additionalTransform.equals(gcs.additionalTransform));
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.horizontalCRS !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.horizontalCRS.projection !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.horizontalCRS.projection.equals(gcs.horizontalCRS.projection));
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.horizontalCRS.id !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.horizontalCRS.id === gcs.horizontalCRS.id);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.horizontalCRS.extent !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.horizontalCRS.extent.equals(gcs.horizontalCRS.extent));
+        // The following were not in initial definition but were completed after storage.
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.horizontalCRS.datum !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.horizontalCRS.datum.additionalTransformPaths !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem.horizontalCRS.datum.additionalTransformPaths.length >= 0);
+        // When a gcs is present then the ECEF is automatically defined.
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.ecefLocation !== undefined);
+        iModel2.close();
+    });
+    if (!ProcessDetector.isIOSAppBackend) {
+        it("should be able to reproject with iModel coordinates to or from any other GeographicCRS", async () => {
+            const convertTest = async (fileName, fileGCS, datum, inputCoord, outputCoord) => {
+                const args = {
+                    rootSubject: { name: "TestSubject", description: "test project" },
+                    client: "ABC Engineering",
+                    globalOrigin: { x: 0.0, y: 0.0 },
+                    projectExtents: { low: { x: -300, y: -300, z: -20 }, high: { x: 500, y: 500, z: 400 } },
+                    guid: Guid.createValue(),
+                };
+                let datumOrGCS;
+                if (typeof datum === "object")
+                    datumOrGCS = JSON.stringify(datum);
+                else
+                    datumOrGCS = datum;
+                const testFile = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", fileName);
+                const iModel = SnapshotDb.createEmpty(testFile, args);
+                iModel.setGeographicCoordinateSystem(fileGCS);
+                iModel.updateIModelProps();
+                iModel.saveChanges();
+                const testPoint1 = [];
+                testPoint1.push(inputCoord);
+                const requestProps1 = { target: datumOrGCS, iModelCoords: testPoint1 };
+                const response1 = await iModel.getGeoCoordinatesFromIModelCoordinates(requestProps1);
+                expect(response1.geoCoords[0].s === outputCoord.s).to.be.true;
+                // If success or warning we compare result
+                if (outputCoord.s === GeoCoordStatus.Success || outputCoord.s === GeoCoordStatus.OutOfUsefulRange) {
+                    const expectedPt1 = Point3d.fromJSON(outputCoord.p);
+                    const outPt1 = Point3d.fromJSON(response1.geoCoords[0].p);
+                    expect(Geometry.isSamePoint3dXY(expectedPt1, outPt1)).to.be.true;
+                    expect(Math.abs(expectedPt1.z - outPt1.z) < 0.0001).to.be.true;
+                    // No point testing reversal when Out of useful range since reversibility is doubtful
+                    if (outputCoord.s !== GeoCoordStatus.OutOfUsefulRange) {
+                        const testPoint2 = [];
+                        testPoint2.push(outputCoord.p);
+                        const requestProps2 = { source: datumOrGCS, geoCoords: testPoint2 };
+                        const response2 = await iModel.getIModelCoordinatesFromGeoCoordinates(requestProps2);
+                        const expectedPt2 = Point3d.fromJSON(inputCoord);
+                        const outPt2 = Point3d.fromJSON(response2.iModelCoords[0].p);
+                        expect(expectedPt2.distanceXY(outPt2) < 0.001).to.be.true;
+                        expect(Math.abs(expectedPt2.z - outPt2.z) < 0.001).to.be.true;
+                    }
+                }
+                iModel.close();
+            };
+            const EWRGCS = {
+                horizontalCRS: {
+                    id: "EPSG:27700",
+                    description: "OSGB 1936 / British National Grid",
+                    source: "EPSG V6 [Large and medium scale topographic mapping and engin]",
+                    datumId: "EPSG:6277",
+                    datum: {
+                        id: "EPSG:6277",
+                        description: "OSGB36 - Use OSGB-7P-2. Consider OSGB/OSTN15 instead",
+                        deprecated: true,
+                        source: "EPSG V6.12 operation EPSG:1314 [EPSG]",
+                        ellipsoidId: "EPSG:7001",
+                        ellipsoid: {
+                            equatorialRadius: 6377563.396,
+                            polarRadius: 6356256.909237,
+                            id: "EPSG:7001",
+                            description: "Airy 1830",
+                            source: "EPSG, Version 6 [EPSG]",
+                        },
+                        transforms: [
+                            {
+                                method: "PositionalVector",
+                                sourceEllipsoid: {
+                                    equatorialRadius: 6377563.396,
+                                    polarRadius: 6356256.909237,
+                                    id: "EPSG:7001",
+                                },
+                                targetEllipsoid: {
+                                    equatorialRadius: 6378137,
+                                    polarRadius: 6356752.3142,
+                                    id: "WGS84",
+                                },
+                                positionalVector: {
+                                    delta: {
+                                        x: 446.448,
+                                        y: -125.157,
+                                        z: 542.06,
+                                    },
+                                    rotation: {
+                                        x: 0.15,
+                                        y: 0.247,
+                                        z: 0.842,
+                                    },
+                                    scalePPM: -20.489,
+                                },
+                            }
+                        ],
+                    },
+                    unit: "Meter",
+                    projection: {
+                        method: "TransverseMercator",
+                        falseEasting: 400000,
+                        falseNorthing: -100000,
+                        centralMeridian: -2,
+                        latitudeOfOrigin: 49,
+                        scaleFactor: 0.999601272737422,
+                    },
+                    extent: {
+                        southWest: {
+                            latitude: 49.96,
+                            longitude: -7.56,
+                        },
+                        northEast: {
+                            latitude: 60.84,
+                            longitude: 1.78,
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                verticalCRS: {
+                    id: "ELLIPSOID",
+                },
+                additionalTransform: {
+                    helmert2DWithZOffset: {
+                        translationX: 284597.3343,
+                        translationY: 79859.4651,
+                        translationZ: 0,
+                        rotDeg: 0.5263624458992088,
+                        scale: 0.9996703340508721,
+                    },
+                },
+            };
+            await convertTest("ExtonCampus1.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "EPSG:2272" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NAVD88" } }, "WGS84", { x: 775970.3155166894, y: 83323.24543981979, z: 130.74977547686285 }, { p: { x: -75.68712011112366, y: 40.06524845273591, z: 95.9769083 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM83-10-NGVD29-10.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM83-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NAVD88" } }, { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM27-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, { x: 548296.472, y: 4179414.470, z: 0.8457 }, { p: { x: 548392.9689991799, y: 4179217.683834238, z: -0.0006774162750405877 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("BritishNatGrid-EllipsoidHelmert1.bim", EWRGCS, "WGS84", { x: 199247.08883859176, y: 150141.68625139236, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: -0.80184489371471, y: 51.978341907041205, z: 0.0 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("BritishNatGrid-Ellipsoid1.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "BritishNatGrid" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, "", { x: 170370.718, y: 11572.405, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: -5.2020119082059511, y: 49.959453295440234, z: 0.0 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("BritishNatGrid-Ellipsoid2.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "BritishNatGrid" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, "ETRF89", { x: 170370.718, y: 11572.405, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: -5.2030365061523707, y: 49.960007477936202, z: 0.0 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("BritishNatGrid-Ellipsoid3.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "BritishNatGrid" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, "OSGB", { x: 170370.718, y: 11572.405, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: -5.2020119082059511, y: 49.959453295440234, z: 0.0 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("GermanyDHDN-3-Ellipsoid1.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "DHDN/3.GK3d-4/EN" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, "", { x: 4360857.005, y: 5606083.067, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 10.035413954488630, y: 50.575070810112159, z: 0.0 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("GermanyDHDN-3-Ellipsoid2.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "DHDN/3.GK3d-4/EN" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, "DHDN/3", { x: 4360857.005, y: 5606083.067, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 10.035413954488630, y: 50.575070810112159, z: 0.0 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("GermanyDHDN-3-Ellipsoid3.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "DHDN/3.GK3d-4/EN" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, "WGS84", { x: 4360857.005, y: 5606083.067, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 10.034215937440818, y: 50.573862480894853, z: 0.0 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM83-10-NGVD29-1.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM83-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, "", { x: 632748.112, y: 4263868.307, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: -121.47738265889652, y: 38.513305313793019, z: 0.0 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM83-10-NGVD29-2.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM83-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, "NAD83", { x: 632748.112, y: 4263868.307, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: -121.47738265889652, y: 38.513305313793019, z: -30.12668428839329 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM83-10-NGVD29-3.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM83-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, "WGS84", { x: 632748.112, y: 4263868.307, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: -121.47738265889652, y: 38.513305313793019, z: -30.12668428839329 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM27-10-Ellipsoid1.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM27-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, "", { x: 623075.328, y: 4265650.532, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: -121.58798236995744, y: 38.532616292207997, z: 0.0 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM27-10-Ellipsoid2.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM27-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, "NAD83", { x: 623075.328, y: 4265650.532, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: -121.58905088839697, y: 38.532522753851708, z: 0.0 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM83-10-NGVD29-4.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM83-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, { horizontalCRS: { id: "LL84" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, { x: 632748.112, y: 4263868.307, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: -121.47738265889652, y: 38.513305313793019, z: -30.12668428839329 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM83-10-NGVD29-5.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM83-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, { horizontalCRS: { id: "LL84" }, verticalCRS: { id: "GEOID" } }, { x: 632748.112, y: 4263868.307, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: -121.47738265889652, y: 38.513305313793019, z: 0.7621583779125531 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM83-10-NGVD29-6.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM83-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, { horizontalCRS: { id: "CA83-II" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NAVD88" } }, { x: 569024.940, y: 4386341.752, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 1983192.529823256, y: 717304.0311293667, z: 0.745910484422781 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM83-10-NGVD29-7.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM83-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, { horizontalCRS: { id: "CA83-II" }, verticalCRS: { id: "GEOID" } }, { x: 569024.940, y: 4386341.752, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 1983192.529823256, y: 717304.0311293667, z: 0.745910484422781 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM83-10-NGVD29-8.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM83-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, { horizontalCRS: { id: "CA83-II" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, { x: 569024.940, y: 4386341.752, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 1983192.529823256, y: 717304.0311293667, z: 0.0 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM83-10-NGVD29-9.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM83-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, { horizontalCRS: { epsg: 26942 }, verticalCRS: { id: "NAVD88" } }, { x: 569024.940, y: 4386341.752, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 1983192.529823256, y: 717304.0311293667, z: 0.745910484422781 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM83-10-NGVD29-10.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM83-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NAVD88" } }, { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM27-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, { x: 548296.472, y: 4179414.470, z: 0.8457 }, { p: { x: 548392.9689991799, y: 4179217.683834238, z: -0.0006774162750405877 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("BritishNatGrid-Ellipsoid4.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "BritishNatGrid" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, { horizontalCRS: { id: "HS2_Snake_2015" }, verticalCRS: { id: "GEOID" } }, { x: 473327.251, y: 257049.636, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 237732.58101946692, y: 364048.01547843055, z: -47.874172425966336 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("BritishNatGrid-Ellipsoid5.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "BritishNatGrid" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, {
+                horizontalCRS: {
+                    id: "HS2-MOCK",
+                    description: "USES CUSTOM DATUM",
+                    source: "Test",
+                    deprecated: false,
+                    datumId: "HS2SD_2015",
+                    unit: "Meter",
+                    projection: {
+                        method: "TransverseMercator",
+                        centralMeridian: -1.5,
+                        latitudeOfOrigin: 52.30,
+                        scaleFactor: 1.0,
+                        falseEasting: 198873.0046,
+                        falseNorthing: 375064.3871,
+                    },
+                },
+                verticalCRS: {
+                    id: "GEOID",
+                },
+            }, { x: 473327.251, y: 257049.636, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 237732.58101952373, y: 364048.01548327296, z: -47.874172425966336 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("BritishNatGrid-Ellipsoid.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "BritishNatGrid" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, { horizontalCRS: { id: "OSGB-GPS-2015" }, verticalCRS: { id: "GEOID" } }, { x: 473327.251, y: 257049.636, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 473325.6830048648, y: 257049.77062273448, z: -47.87643904264457 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            await convertTest("UTM83-10-NGVD29-12.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM83-10" }, verticalCRS: { id: "NGVD29" } }, {
+                horizontalCRS: {
+                    id: "California2",
+                    description: "USES CUSTOM DATUM",
+                    source: "Test",
+                    deprecated: false,
+                    datumId: "NAD83",
+                    unit: "Meter",
+                    projection: {
+                        method: "LambertConformalConicTwoParallels",
+                        longitudeOfOrigin: -122,
+                        latitudeOfOrigin: 37.66666666667,
+                        standardParallel1: 39.833333333333336,
+                        standardParallel2: 38.333333333333336,
+                        falseEasting: 2000000.0,
+                        falseNorthing: 500000.0,
+                    },
+                    extent: {
+                        southWest: {
+                            latitude: 35,
+                            longitude: -125,
+                        },
+                        northEast: {
+                            latitude: 39.1,
+                            longitude: -120.45,
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+                verticalCRS: {
+                    id: "GEOID",
+                },
+            }, { x: 569024.940, y: 4386341.752, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 1983192.529823256, y: 717304.0311293667, z: 0.745910484422781 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.Success });
+            // Do some test that return errors
+            // First test uses one GCS in Eastern USA and the other in UK. This will produce a hard domain error
+            await convertTest("Error1.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM84-17N" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, { horizontalCRS: { id: "OSGB-GPS-2015" }, verticalCRS: { id: "GEOID" } }, { x: 1473327.251, y: 1257049.636, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 473325.6830048648, y: 257049.77062273448, z: -47.87643904264457 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.OutOfMathematicalDomain });
+            // This test performs conversion in a region outside normal use of GCS but still mathematically valid (soft domain error)
+            await convertTest("Error2.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "DanishS34-S99" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, "", { x: -6618.5925260757449, y: 36058.097489683532, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 13.53250346041385, y: 54.71216475341563, z: 0.0 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.OutOfUsefulRange });
+            // -6618.5925260757449, 36058.097489683532
+            // { x: -221748.034, y: -10012.784, z: 0.0 } { p: { x: 10.36481105, y: 54.38462506, z: 0.0 }
+            // This test makes use of a GCS using a grid file that does not even exist and will return a datum conversion error.
+            const userGCSWithinexistentGridFile = {
+                horizontalCRS: {
+                    id: "User1",
+                    datumId: "UserDatum1",
+                    datum: {
+                        id: "UserDatum1",
+                        ellipsoidId: "CLRK66",
+                        transforms: [
+                            {
+                                method: "GridFiles",
+                                sourceEllipsoid: {
+                                    id: "CLRK66",
+                                    equatorialRadius: 6378160.0,
+                                    polarRadius: 6356774.719195306,
+                                },
+                                targetEllipsoid: {
+                                    id: "WGS84",
+                                    equatorialRadius: 6378160.0,
+                                    polarRadius: 6356774.719195306,
+                                },
+                                gridFile: {
+                                    files: [
+                                        { fileName: "./user/inexistent.gdc", format: "NTv2", direction: "Direct" },
+                                    ],
+                                },
+                            },
+                        ],
+                    },
+                    unit: "Meter",
+                    projection: {
+                        method: "TransverseMercator",
+                        centralMeridian: -115,
+                        latitudeOfOrigin: 0,
+                        scaleFactor: 0.9992,
+                        falseEasting: 1.0,
+                        falseNorthing: 2.0,
+                    },
+                    extent: {
+                        southWest: { latitude: 48, longitude: -120.5 },
+                        northEast: { latitude: 84, longitude: -109.5 },
+                    },
+                }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" },
+            };
+            await convertTest("Error3.bim", userGCSWithinexistentGridFile, "WGS84", { x: 1473327.251, y: 1257049.636, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 473325.6830048648, y: 257049.77062273448, z: -47.87643904264457 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.NoDatumConverter });
+            // The model GCS is not valid
+            await convertTest("Error4.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "badfood" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, { horizontalCRS: { id: "OSGB-GPS-2015" }, verticalCRS: { id: "GEOID" } }, { x: 1473327.251, y: 1257049.636, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 473325.6830048648, y: 257049.77062273448, z: -47.87643904264457 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.NoGCSDefined });
+            // The given GCS is not valid
+            await convertTest("Error5.bim", { horizontalCRS: { id: "UTM84-17N" }, verticalCRS: { id: "ELLIPSOID" } }, { horizontalCRS: { id: "badfood" }, verticalCRS: { id: "GEOID" } }, { x: 1473327.251, y: 1257049.636, z: 0.0 }, { p: { x: 473325.6830048648, y: 257049.77062273448, z: -47.87643904264457 }, s: GeoCoordStatus.NoGCSDefined });
+        });
+    }
+    it("should be able to create a snapshot IModel and set geolocation by ECEF", async () => {
+        const args = {
+            rootSubject: { name: "TestSubject", description: "test iTwin" },
+            client: "ABC Engineering",
+            globalOrigin: { x: 10, y: 10 },
+            projectExtents: { low: { x: -300, y: -300, z: -20 }, high: { x: 500, y: 500, z: 400 } },
+            guid: Guid.createValue(),
+        };
+        const ecef = new EcefLocation({
+            origin: [42, 21, 0],
+            orientation: { yaw: 1, pitch: 1, roll: -1 },
+        });
+        const testFile = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "TestSnapshot3.bim");
+        const iModel = SnapshotDb.createEmpty(testFile, args);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel.ecefLocation === undefined);
+        iModel.ecefLocation = ecef;
+        iModel.updateIModelProps();
+        iModel.saveChanges();
+        iModel.close();
+        const iModel2 = SnapshotDb.openFile(testFile);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.ecefLocation !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.ecefLocation.isAlmostEqual(ecef));
+        iModel2.close();
+    });
+    it("should be able to create a snapshot IModel and set geolocation by ECEF with 0,0,0 rotation", async () => {
+        const args = {
+            rootSubject: { name: "TestSubject", description: "test iTwin" },
+            client: "ABC Engineering",
+            globalOrigin: { x: 10, y: 10 },
+            projectExtents: { low: { x: -300, y: -300, z: -20 }, high: { x: 500, y: 500, z: 400 } },
+            guid: Guid.createValue(),
+        };
+        const ecef = new EcefLocation({
+            origin: [42, 21, 0],
+            orientation: { yaw: 0, pitch: 0, roll: 0 },
+        });
+        const testFile = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "TestSnapshot3_000.bim");
+        const iModel = SnapshotDb.createEmpty(testFile, args);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel.ecefLocation === undefined);
+        iModel.ecefLocation = ecef;
+        iModel.updateIModelProps();
+        iModel.saveChanges();
+        iModel.close();
+        const iModel2 = SnapshotDb.openFile(testFile);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.ecefLocation !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.ecefLocation.isAlmostEqual(ecef));
+        iModel2.close();
+    });
+    it("presence of a GCS imposes the ecef value", async () => {
+        const args = {
+            rootSubject: { name: "TestSubject", description: "test iTwin" },
+            client: "ABC Engineering",
+            globalOrigin: { x: 10, y: 10 },
+            projectExtents: { low: { x: -300, y: -300, z: -20 }, high: { x: 500, y: 500, z: 400 } },
+            guid: Guid.createValue(),
+        };
+        const gcs = new GeographicCRS({
+            horizontalCRS: {
+                id: "10TM115-27",
+                description: "",
+                source: "Mentor Software Client",
+                deprecated: false,
+                datumId: "NAD27",
+                unit: "Meter",
+                projection: {
+                    method: "TransverseMercator",
+                    centralMeridian: -115,
+                    latitudeOfOrigin: 0,
+                    scaleFactor: 0.9992,
+                    falseEasting: 0.0,
+                    falseNorthing: 0.0,
+                },
+                extent: {
+                    southWest: { latitude: 48, longitude: -120.5 },
+                    northEast: { latitude: 84, longitude: -109.5 },
+                },
+            },
+            verticalCRS: { id: "GEOID" },
+            additionalTransform: {
+                helmert2DWithZOffset: {
+                    translationX: 10.0,
+                    translationY: 15.0,
+                    translationZ: 0.02,
+                    rotDeg: 1.2,
+                    scale: 1.0001,
+                },
+            },
+        });
+        const ecef = new EcefLocation({
+            origin: [42, 21, 0],
+            orientation: { yaw: 1, pitch: 1, roll: -1 },
+        });
+        const testFile = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "TestSnapshot4.bim");
+        const iModel = SnapshotDb.createEmpty(testFile, args);
+        iModel.ecefLocation = ecef;
+        iModel.updateIModelProps();
+        iModel.saveChanges();
+        iModel.close();
+        const iModel2 = SnapshotDb.openForApplyChangesets(testFile);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.ecefLocation !== undefined);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.ecefLocation.isAlmostEqual(ecef));
+        assert.isTrue(iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem === undefined);
+        iModel2.geographicCoordinateSystem = gcs;
+        iModel2.updateIModelProps();
+        iModel2.saveChanges();
+        iModel2.close();
+        const iModel3 = SnapshotDb.openFile(testFile);
+        assert.isTrue(iModel3.geographicCoordinateSystem !== undefined);
+        // When a gcs is present then ecef value is imposed by the gcs disregarding previous value.
+        assert.isTrue(iModel3.ecefLocation !== undefined);
+        assert.isFalse(iModel3.ecefLocation.isAlmostEqual(ecef));
+        iModel3.close();
+    });
+    it("should be able to open checkpoints for RPC", async () => {
+        const changeset = { id: "fakeChangeSetId", index: 10 };
+        const iTwinId = "fakeIModelId";
+        const iModelId = "fakeIModelId";
+        const cloudContainer = { accessToken: "sas" };
+        const fakeSnapshotDb = {
+            cloudContainer,
+            isReadonly: () => true,
+            isOpen: () => true,
+            getIModelId: () => iModelId,
+            getITwinId: () => iTwinId,
+            getCurrentChangeset: () => changeset,
+            setIModelDb: () => { },
+            closeFile: () => { },
+            clearECDbCache: () => { },
+        };
+        const errorLogStub = sinon.stub(Logger, "logError").callsFake(() => { });
+        const infoLogStub = sinon.stub(Logger, "logInfo").callsFake(() => { });
+        // Mock iModelHub
+        const mockCheckpointV2 = {
+            accountName: "testAccount",
+            containerId: "imodelblocks-123",
+            sasToken: "testSAS",
+            dbName: "testDb",
+            storageType: "azure?sas=1",
+        };
+        sinon.stub(IModelHost, _hubAccess).get(() => HubMock);
+        sinon.stub(V2CheckpointManager, "attach").callsFake(async () => {
+            return { dbName: "fakeDb", container: { accessToken: "sas" } };
+        });
+        const queryStub = sinon.stub(IModelHost[_hubAccess], "queryV2Checkpoint").callsFake(async () => mockCheckpointV2);
+        const openDgnDbStub = sinon.stub(SnapshotDb, "openDgnDb").returns(fakeSnapshotDb);
+        sinon.stub(IModelDb.prototype, "initializeIModelDb");
+        sinon.stub(IModelDb.prototype, "loadIModelSettings");
+        const accessToken = "token";
+        const checkpoint = await SnapshotDb.openCheckpointFromRpc({ accessToken, iTwinId, iModelId, changeset });
+        expect(openDgnDbStub.calledOnce).to.be.true;
+        expect(openDgnDbStub.firstCall.firstArg.path).to.equal("fakeDb");
+        const props = checkpoint.getRpcProps();
+        assert.equal(props.iModelId, iModelId);
+        assert.equal(props.iTwinId, iTwinId);
+        assert.equal(props.changeset?.id, changeset.id);
+        assert.equal(errorLogStub.callCount, 1);
+        assert.include(errorLogStub.args[0][1], "attached with timestamp that expires before");
+        errorLogStub.resetHistory();
+        expect(cloudContainer.accessToken).equal("sas");
+        await checkpoint.refreshContainerForRpc(accessToken);
+        expect(cloudContainer.accessToken).equal("testSAS");
+        assert.equal(errorLogStub.callCount, 1);
+        assert.include(errorLogStub.args[0][1], "attached with timestamp that expires before");
+        assert.equal(infoLogStub.callCount, 2);
+        assert.include(infoLogStub.args[0][1], "attempting to refresh");
+        assert.include(infoLogStub.args[1][1], "refreshed checkpoint");
+        errorLogStub.resetHistory();
+        queryStub.callsFake(async () => {
+            throw new Error("no checkpoint");
+        });
+        await expect(checkpoint.refreshContainerForRpc(accessToken)).to.eventually.be.rejectedWith("no checkpoint");
+        checkpoint.close();
+    });
+    it("should throw for missing/invalid checkpoint in hub", async () => {
+        process.env.CHECKPOINT_CACHE_DIR = "/foo/";
+        sinon.stub(IModelHost, _hubAccess).get(() => HubMock);
+        sinon.stub(IModelHost[_hubAccess], "queryV2Checkpoint").callsFake(async () => undefined);
+        const accessToken = "token";
+        const error = await getIModelError(SnapshotDb.openCheckpointFromRpc({ accessToken, iTwinId: Guid.createValue(), iModelId: Guid.createValue(), changeset: IModelTestUtils.generateChangeSetId() }));
+        expectIModelError(IModelStatus.NotFound, error);
+    });
+    it("attempting to re-attach a non-checkpoint snapshot should be a no-op", async () => {
+        process.env.CHECKPOINT_CACHE_DIR = "/foo/";
+        const accessToken = "token";
+        await imodel1.refreshContainerForRpc(accessToken);
+    });
+    function hasClassView(db, name) {
+        try {
+            return db.withSqliteStatement(`SELECT ECInstanceId FROM [${name}]`, () => true, false);
+        }
+        catch {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    it("Check busyTimeout option", () => {
+        const standaloneFile = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "StandaloneReadWrite.bim");
+        const tryOpen = (fileName, options) => {
+            const start = performance.now();
+            let didThrow = false;
+            try {
+                StandaloneDb.openFile(fileName, OpenMode.ReadWrite, options);
+            }
+            catch (e) {
+                assert.strictEqual(e.errorNumber, DbResult.BE_SQLITE_BUSY, "Expect error 'Db is busy'");
+                didThrow = true;
+            }
+            assert.isTrue(didThrow);
+            return performance.now() - start;
+        };
+        const seconds = (s) => s * 1000;
+        const db = StandaloneDb.createEmpty(standaloneFile, { rootSubject: { name: "Standalone" } });
+        db.saveChanges();
+        // lock db so another connection cannot write to it.
+        db.saveFileProperty({ name: "test", namespace: "test" }, "");
+        assert.isAtMost(tryOpen(standaloneFile, { busyTimeout: seconds(0) }), seconds(1), "open should fail with busy error instantly");
+        assert.isAtLeast(tryOpen(standaloneFile, { busyTimeout: seconds(1) }), seconds(1), "open should fail with atleast 1 sec delay due to retry");
+        assert.isAtLeast(tryOpen(standaloneFile, { busyTimeout: seconds(2) }), seconds(2), "open should fail with atleast 2 sec delay due to retry");
+        assert.isAtLeast(tryOpen(standaloneFile, { busyTimeout: seconds(3) }), seconds(3), "open should fail with atleast 3 sec delay due to retry");
+        db.abandonChanges();
+        db.close();
+    });
+    it("Standalone iModel properties", () => {
+        const standaloneRootSubjectName = "Standalone";
+        const standaloneFile1 = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "Standalone1.bim");
+        let standaloneDb1 = StandaloneDb.createEmpty(standaloneFile1, { rootSubject: { name: standaloneRootSubjectName } });
+        assert.isTrue(standaloneDb1.isStandaloneDb());
+        assert.isTrue(standaloneDb1.isStandalone);
+        assert.isFalse(standaloneDb1.isReadonly, "Expect standalone iModels to be read-write during create");
+        assert.equal(standaloneDb1.getBriefcaseId(), BriefcaseIdValue.Unassigned);
+        assert.equal(standaloneDb1.pathName, standaloneFile1);
+        assert.equal(standaloneDb1, StandaloneDb.tryFindByKey(standaloneDb1.key), "Should be in the list of open StandaloneDbs");
+        assert.equal(standaloneDb1.elements.getRootSubject().code.value, standaloneRootSubjectName);
+        assert.isTrue(standaloneDb1.isOpen);
+        assert.isTrue(Guid.isV4Guid(standaloneDb1.iModelId));
+        assert.equal(standaloneDb1.iTwinId, Guid.empty);
+        assert.strictEqual("", standaloneDb1.changeset.id);
+        assert.strictEqual(0, standaloneDb1.changeset.index);
+        assert.equal(standaloneDb1.openMode, OpenMode.ReadWrite);
+        standaloneDb1.close();
+        assert.isFalse(standaloneDb1.isOpen);
+        standaloneDb1.close(); // calling `close()` a second time is a no-op
+        assert.isUndefined(StandaloneDb.tryFindByKey(standaloneDb1.key));
+        standaloneDb1 = StandaloneDb.openFile(standaloneFile1);
+        assert.equal(standaloneDb1, StandaloneDb.tryFindByKey(standaloneDb1.key));
+        assert.isFalse(standaloneDb1.isReadonly, "By default, StandaloneDbs are opened read/write");
+        standaloneDb1.close();
+        assert.isUndefined(StandaloneDb.tryFindByKey(standaloneDb1.key));
+    });
+    it("Snapshot iModel properties", async () => {
+        const snapshotRootSubjectName = "Snapshot";
+        const snapshotFile1 = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "Snapshot1.bim");
+        const snapshotFile2 = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "Snapshot2.bim");
+        const snapshotFile3 = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "Snapshot3.bim");
+        const imodel = await generateTestSnapshot("test_for_snapshot.bim", "test.bim");
+        let snapshotDb1 = SnapshotDb.createEmpty(snapshotFile1, { rootSubject: { name: snapshotRootSubjectName }, createClassViews: true });
+        let snapshotDb2 = SnapshotDb.createFrom(snapshotDb1, snapshotFile2);
+        let snapshotDb3 = SnapshotDb.createFrom(imodel, snapshotFile3, { createClassViews: true });
+        assert.isTrue(snapshotDb1.isSnapshotDb());
+        assert.isTrue(snapshotDb2.isSnapshotDb());
+        assert.isTrue(snapshotDb3.isSnapshotDb());
+        assert.isTrue(snapshotDb1.isSnapshot);
+        assert.isTrue(snapshotDb2.isSnapshot);
+        assert.isTrue(snapshotDb3.isSnapshot);
+        assert.isFalse(snapshotDb1.isReadonly, "Expect snapshots to be read-write during create");
+        assert.isFalse(snapshotDb2.isReadonly, "Expect snapshots to be read-write during create");
+        assert.isFalse(snapshotDb3.isReadonly, "Expect snapshots to be read-write during create");
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb1.getBriefcaseId(), BriefcaseIdValue.Unassigned);
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb2.getBriefcaseId(), BriefcaseIdValue.Unassigned);
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb3.getBriefcaseId(), BriefcaseIdValue.Unassigned);
+        assert.equal(imodel.getBriefcaseId(), BriefcaseIdValue.Unassigned);
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb1.pathName, snapshotFile1);
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb2.pathName, snapshotFile2);
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb3.pathName, snapshotFile3);
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb1, SnapshotDb.tryFindByKey(snapshotDb1.key));
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb2, SnapshotDb.tryFindByKey(snapshotDb2.key));
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb3, SnapshotDb.tryFindByKey(snapshotDb3.key));
+        const iModelGuid1 = snapshotDb1.iModelId;
+        const iModelGuid2 = snapshotDb2.iModelId;
+        const iModelGuid3 = snapshotDb3.iModelId;
+        assert.notEqual(iModelGuid1, iModelGuid2, "Expect different iModel GUIDs for each snapshot");
+        assert.notEqual(iModelGuid2, iModelGuid3, "Expect different iModel GUIDs for each snapshot");
+        const rootSubjectName1 = snapshotDb1.elements.getRootSubject().code.value;
+        const rootSubjectName2 = snapshotDb2.elements.getRootSubject().code.value;
+        const rootSubjectName3 = snapshotDb3.elements.getRootSubject().code.value;
+        const imodelRootSubjectName = imodel.elements.getRootSubject().code.value;
+        assert.equal(rootSubjectName1, snapshotRootSubjectName);
+        assert.equal(rootSubjectName1, rootSubjectName2, "Expect a snapshot to maintain the root Subject name from its seed");
+        assert.equal(rootSubjectName3, imodelRootSubjectName, "Expect a snapshot to maintain the root Subject name from its seed");
+        assert.isTrue(snapshotDb1.isOpen);
+        assert.isTrue(snapshotDb2.isOpen);
+        assert.isTrue(snapshotDb3.isOpen);
+        snapshotDb1.close();
+        snapshotDb2.close();
+        snapshotDb3.close();
+        assert.isFalse(snapshotDb1.isOpen);
+        assert.isFalse(snapshotDb2.isOpen);
+        assert.isFalse(snapshotDb3.isOpen);
+        snapshotDb1.close(); // calling `close()` a second time is a no-op
+        snapshotDb2.close(); // calling `close()` a second time is a no-op
+        snapshotDb3.close(); // calling `close()` a second time is a no-op
+        assert.isUndefined(SnapshotDb.tryFindByKey(snapshotDb1.key));
+        assert.isUndefined(SnapshotDb.tryFindByKey(snapshotDb2.key));
+        assert.isUndefined(SnapshotDb.tryFindByKey(snapshotDb3.key));
+        snapshotDb1 = SnapshotDb.openFile(snapshotFile1);
+        snapshotDb2 = SnapshotDb.openFile(snapshotFile2);
+        snapshotDb3 = SnapshotDb.openFile(snapshotFile3);
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb1, SnapshotDb.tryFindByKey(snapshotDb1.key));
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb2, SnapshotDb.tryFindByKey(snapshotDb2.key));
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb3, SnapshotDb.tryFindByKey(snapshotDb3.key));
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb3, SnapshotDb.findByKey(snapshotDb3.key));
+        assert.equal(snapshotDb3, IModelDb.findByKey(snapshotDb3.key));
+        assert.throws(() => BriefcaseDb.findByKey(snapshotDb1.key)); // lookup of key for SnapshotDb via BriefcaseDb should throw
+        assert.throws(() => StandaloneDb.findByKey(snapshotDb1.key)); // likewise for StandaloneDb
+        assert.isTrue(snapshotDb1.isReadonly, "Expect snapshots to be read-only after open");
+        assert.isTrue(snapshotDb2.isReadonly, "Expect snapshots to be read-only after open");
+        assert.isTrue(snapshotDb3.isReadonly, "Expect snapshots to be read-only after open");
+        assert.isTrue(hasClassView(snapshotDb1, "bis.Element"));
+        assert.isTrue(hasClassView(snapshotDb1, "bis.ElementAspect"));
+        assert.isTrue(hasClassView(snapshotDb1, "bis.Model"));
+        assert.isTrue(hasClassView(snapshotDb1, "bis.ElementRefersToElements"));
+        assert.isFalse(hasClassView(snapshotDb2, "bis.Element"));
+        assert.isTrue(hasClassView(snapshotDb3, "bis.Element"));
+        imodel.close();
+        snapshotDb1.close();
+        snapshotDb2.close();
+        snapshotDb3.close();
+        assert.isUndefined(SnapshotDb.tryFindByKey(snapshotDb1.key));
+        assert.isUndefined(SnapshotDb.tryFindByKey(snapshotDb2.key));
+        assert.isUndefined(SnapshotDb.tryFindByKey(snapshotDb3.key));
+    });
+    it("upgrade the domain schema in a StandaloneDb", async () => {
+        const testFileName = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("UpgradeIModel", "testImodel.bim");
+        const seedFileName = IModelTestUtils.resolveAssetFile("testImodel.bim");
+        IModelJsFs.copySync(seedFileName, testFileName);
+        let iModel = StandaloneDb.openFile(testFileName, OpenMode.ReadWrite);
+        const beforeVersion = iModel.querySchemaVersion("BisCore");
+        assert.isTrue(semver.satisfies(beforeVersion, "= 1.0.0"));
+        iModel.close();
+        const schemaState = StandaloneDb.validateSchemas(testFileName, true);
+        assert.strictEqual(schemaState, SchemaState.UpgradeRecommended);
+        StandaloneDb.upgradeStandaloneSchemas(testFileName);
+        iModel = StandaloneDb.openFile(testFileName, OpenMode.ReadWrite);
+        const afterVersion = iModel.querySchemaVersion("BisCore");
+        assert.isTrue(semver.satisfies(afterVersion, ">= 1.0.10"));
+        iModel.close();
+    });
+    it("Run plain SQL", () => {
+        imodel1.withPreparedSqliteStatement("CREATE TABLE Test(Id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, Name TEXT NOT NULL, Code INTEGER)", (stmt) => {
+            assert.equal(stmt.step(), DbResult.BE_SQLITE_DONE);
+        });
+        imodel1.withPreparedSqliteStatement("INSERT INTO Test(Name,Code) VALUES(?,?)", (stmt) => {
+            stmt.bindValue(1, "Dummy 1");
+            stmt.bindValue(2, 100);
+            assert.equal(stmt.step(), DbResult.BE_SQLITE_DONE);
+        });
+        imodel1.withPreparedSqliteStatement("INSERT INTO Test(Name,Code) VALUES(?,?)", (stmt) => {
+            stmt.bindValues(["Dummy 2", 200]);
+            assert.equal(stmt.step(), DbResult.BE_SQLITE_DONE);
+        });
+        imodel1.withPreparedSqliteStatement("INSERT INTO Test(Name,Code) VALUES(:p1,:p2)", (stmt) => {
+            stmt.bindValue(":p1", "Dummy 3");
+            stmt.bindValue(":p2", 300);
+            assert.equal(stmt.step(), DbResult.BE_SQLITE_DONE);
+        });
+        imodel1.withPreparedSqliteStatement("INSERT INTO Test(Name,Code) VALUES(:p1,:p2)", (stmt) => {
+            stmt.bindValues({ ":p1": "Dummy 4", ":p2": 400 });
+            assert.equal(stmt.step(), DbResult.BE_SQLITE_DONE);
+        });
+        imodel1.saveChanges();
+        imodel1.withPreparedSqliteStatement("SELECT Id,Name,Code FROM Test ORDER BY Id", (stmt) => {
+            for (let i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
+                assert.equal(stmt.step(), DbResult.BE_SQLITE_ROW);
+                assert.equal(stmt.getColumnCount(), 3);
+                const val0 = stmt.getValue(0);
+                assert.equal(val0.columnName, "Id");
+                assert.equal(val0.type, SqliteValueType.Integer);
+                assert.isFalse(val0.isNull);
+                assert.equal(val0.getInteger(), i);
+                const val1 = stmt.getValue(1);
+                assert.equal(val1.columnName, "Name");
+                assert.equal(val1.type, SqliteValueType.String);
+                assert.isFalse(val1.isNull);
+                assert.equal(val1.getString(), `Dummy ${i}`);
+                const val2 = stmt.getValue(2);
+                assert.equal(val2.columnName, "Code");
+                assert.equal(val2.type, SqliteValueType.Integer);
+                assert.isFalse(val2.isNull);
+                assert.equal(val2.getInteger(), i * 100);
+                const row = stmt.getRow();
+                assert.equal(row.id, i);
+                assert.equal(row.name, `Dummy ${i}`);
+                assert.equal(row.code, i * 100);
+            }
+            assert.equal(stmt.step(), DbResult.BE_SQLITE_DONE);
+        });
+        imodel1.withPreparedSqliteStatement("SELECT 1 FROM ec_CustomAttribute WHERE ContainerId=? AND Instance LIKE '<IsMixin%' COLLATE NOCASE", (stmt) => {
+            stmt.bindValue(1, "0x1f");
+            assert.equal(stmt.step(), DbResult.BE_SQLITE_DONE);
+        });
+    });
+    it("Run plain SQL against readonly connection", () => {
+        let iModel = SnapshotDb.createEmpty(IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "sqlitesqlreadonlyconnection.bim"), { rootSubject: { name: "test" } });
+        const iModelPath = iModel.pathName;
+        iModel.close();
+        iModel = SnapshotDb.openFile(iModelPath);
+        iModel.withPreparedSqliteStatement("SELECT Name,StrData FROM be_Prop WHERE Namespace='ec_Db'", (stmt) => {
+            let rowCount = 0;
+            while (stmt.step() === DbResult.BE_SQLITE_ROW) {
+                rowCount++;
+                assert.equal(stmt.getColumnCount(), 2);
+                const nameVal = stmt.getValue(0);
+                assert.equal(nameVal.columnName, "Name");
+                assert.equal(nameVal.type, SqliteValueType.String);
+                assert.isFalse(nameVal.isNull);
+                const name = nameVal.getString();
+                const versionVal = stmt.getValue(1);
+                assert.equal(versionVal.columnName, "StrData");
+                assert.equal(versionVal.type, SqliteValueType.String);
+                assert.isFalse(versionVal.isNull);
+                const profileVersion = JSON.parse(versionVal.getString());
+                assert.isTrue(name === "SchemaVersion" || name === "InitialSchemaVersion");
+                if (name === "SchemaVersion") {
+                    assert.equal(profileVersion.major, 4);
+                    assert.equal(profileVersion.minor, 0);
+                    assert.equal(profileVersion.sub1, 0);
+                    assert.isAtLeast(profileVersion.sub2, 1);
+                }
+                else if (name === "InitialSchemaVersion") {
+                    assert.equal(profileVersion.major, 4);
+                    assert.equal(profileVersion.minor, 0);
+                    assert.equal(profileVersion.sub1, 0);
+                    assert.isAtLeast(profileVersion.sub2, 1);
+                }
+            }
+            assert.equal(rowCount, 2);
+        });
+        iModel.close();
+    });
+    it("tryPrepareStatement", () => {
+        const env_2 = { stack: [], error: void 0, hasError: false };
+        try {
+            const sql = `SELECT * FROM ${Element.classFullName} LIMIT 1`;
+            const invalidSql = "SELECT * FROM InvalidSchemaName:InvalidClassName LIMIT 1";
+            // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+            assert.throws(() => imodel1.prepareStatement(invalidSql, false));
+            // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+            assert.isUndefined(imodel1.tryPrepareStatement(invalidSql));
+            // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-deprecated
+            const statement = __addDisposableResource(env_2, imodel1.tryPrepareStatement(sql), false);
+            assert.isDefined(statement);
+            assert.isTrue(statement?.isPrepared);
+        }
+        catch (e_2) {
+            env_2.error = e_2;
+            env_2.hasError = true;
+        }
+        finally {
+            __disposeResources(env_2);
+        }
+    });
+    it("containsClass", () => {
+        assert.isTrue(imodel1.containsClass(Element.classFullName));
+        assert.isTrue(imodel1.containsClass("BisCore:Element"));
+        assert.isTrue(imodel1.containsClass("BisCore.Element"));
+        assert.isTrue(imodel1.containsClass("biscore:element"));
+        assert.isTrue(imodel1.containsClass("biscore.element"));
+        assert.isTrue(imodel1.containsClass("bis:Element"));
+        assert.isTrue(imodel1.containsClass("bis.Element"));
+        assert.isTrue(imodel1.containsClass("bis:element"));
+        assert.isTrue(imodel1.containsClass("bis.element"));
+        assert.isFalse(imodel1.containsClass("BisCore:Element:InvalidExtra"));
+        assert.isFalse(imodel1.containsClass("BisCore"));
+        assert.isFalse(imodel1.containsClass(":Element"));
+        assert.isFalse(imodel1.containsClass("BisCore:InvalidClassName"));
+        assert.isFalse(imodel1.containsClass("InvalidSchemaName:Element"));
+    });
+    it("should update Element code", () => {
+        const elementId = imodel4.elements.insertElement({
+            classFullName: "DgnPlatformTest:TestInformationRecord",
+            model: IModel.repositoryModelId,
+            code: Code.createEmpty(),
+        });
+        let element = imodel4.elements.getElement(elementId, InformationRecordElement);
+        assert.isTrue(Code.isValid(element.code));
+        assert.isTrue(Code.isEmpty(element.code));
+        const codeSpecId = imodel4.codeSpecs.insert("TestCodeSpec", CodeScopeSpec.Type.Model);
+        const codeValue = `${element.className}-1`;
+        element.code = new Code({ spec: codeSpecId, scope: IModel.repositoryModelId, value: codeValue });
+        element.update();
+        element = imodel4.elements.getElement(elementId, InformationRecordElement);
+        assert.isTrue(Code.isValid(element.code));
+        assert.isFalse(Code.isEmpty(element.code));
+        assert.equal(element.code.value, codeValue);
+    });
+    it("should update UserLabel", () => {
+        // type coercion reminder!
+        const s = "";
+        assert.isTrue(s === "");
+        assert.isFalse(s ? true : false);
+        // insert element with an undefined UserLabel
+        const elementProps = {
+            classFullName: SpatialCategory.classFullName,
+            model: IModel.dictionaryId,
+            code: SpatialCategory.createCode(imodel1, IModel.dictionaryId, "TestCategoryForClearUserLabel"),
+        };
+        const elementId = imodel1.elements.insertElement(elementProps);
+        let element = imodel1.elements.getElement(elementId);
+        assert.isUndefined(element.userLabel);
+        // update element with a defined userLabel
+        element.userLabel = "UserLabel";
+        element.update();
+        element = imodel1.elements.getElement(elementId);
+        assert.equal(element.userLabel, "UserLabel");
+        // make sure userLabel is not updated when not part of the specified ElementProps
+        imodel1.elements.updateElement({
+            id: element.id,
+            classFullName: element.classFullName,
+            model: element.model,
+            code: element.code,
+        });
+        element = imodel1.elements.getElement(elementId);
+        assert.equal(element.userLabel, "UserLabel"); // NOTE: userLabel is not modified when userLabel is not part of the input ElementProps
+        const elProps = imodel1.elements.getElementProps({ id: elementId, onlyBaseProperties: true });
+        expect(elProps.userLabel).equal(element.userLabel);
+        expect(elProps.classFullName).equal(SpatialCategory.classFullName);
+        expect(elProps.model).equal(element.model);
+        expect(elProps.code.value).equal(element.code.value);
+        expect(elProps.code.scope).equal(element.code.scope);
+        expect(elProps.code.spec).equal(element.code.spec);
+        expect(elProps.federationGuid).equal(element.federationGuid);
+        expect(elProps.isPrivate).to.be.oneOf([false, undefined]);
+        expect(elProps.isInstanceOfEntity).undefined;
+        // remove userlabel by setting it to the blank string
+        element.userLabel = "";
+        element.update();
+        element = imodel1.elements.getElement(elementId);
+        assert.isUndefined(element.userLabel); // NOTE: userLabel is cleared when the empty string is specified
+    });
+    it("should update FederationGuid", () => {
+        // insert element with an undefined FederationGuid
+        const elementProps = {
+            classFullName: SpatialCategory.classFullName,
+            model: IModel.dictionaryId,
+            federationGuid: Guid.empty,
+            code: SpatialCategory.createCode(imodel1, IModel.dictionaryId, "TestCategoryForClearFederationGuid"),
+        };
+        const elementId = imodel1.elements.insertElement(elementProps);
+        let element = imodel1.elements.getElement(elementId);
+        assert.isUndefined(element.federationGuid);
+        assert.isFalse(element.isPrivate);
+        // update element with a defined FederationGuid
+        const federationGuid = Guid.createValue();
+        element.federationGuid = federationGuid;
+        element.isPrivate = true;
+        element.update();
+        element = imodel1.elements.getElement(elementId);
+        assert.equal(element.federationGuid, federationGuid);
+        assert.isTrue(element.isPrivate);
+        // make sure FederationGuid is not updated when not part of the specified ElementProps
+        imodel1.elements.updateElement({
+            id: element.id,
+            classFullName: element.classFullName,
+            model: element.model,
+            code: element.code,
+        });
+        element = imodel1.elements.getElement(elementId);
+        assert.equal(element.federationGuid, federationGuid);
+        assert.isTrue(element.isPrivate);
+        // remove federationGuid by setting it to undefined in ElementProps
+        const elProps = element.toJSON();
+        elProps.federationGuid = undefined;
+        imodel1.elements.updateElement(elProps);
+        element = imodel1.elements.getElement(elementId);
+        assert.isUndefined(element.federationGuid);
+        // ensure that update doesn't change federationGuid from an element immediately after insert (toJSON should remove undefined value)
+        const subject5 = Subject.create(imodel1, IModel.rootSubjectId, "Subject5");
+        const s5Id = subject5.insert();
+        const s5pre = imodel1.elements.getElement(s5Id);
+        subject5.description = "new descr";
+        subject5.update();
+        const s5post = imodel1.elements.getElement(s5Id);
+        expect(s5pre.federationGuid).equal(s5post.federationGuid);
+        expect(s5post.description).equal(subject5.description);
+    });
+    it("should support partial update", () => {
+        // Insert Subject elements - initializing Description and UserLabel to similar values
+        let subject1 = Subject.create(imodel1, IModel.rootSubjectId, "Subject1", "Description1");
+        let subject2 = Subject.create(imodel1, IModel.rootSubjectId, "Subject2", "Description2");
+        let subject3 = Subject.create(imodel1, IModel.rootSubjectId, "Subject3", "");
+        let subject4 = Subject.create(imodel1, IModel.rootSubjectId, "Subject4");
+        subject1.userLabel = "UserLabel1";
+        subject2.userLabel = "UserLabel2";
+        subject3.userLabel = "";
+        subject4.userLabel = undefined;
+        const federationGuid1 = Guid.createValue();
+        const federationGuid2 = Guid.createValue();
+        subject1.federationGuid = federationGuid1;
+        subject2.federationGuid = federationGuid2;
+        subject3.federationGuid = "";
+        subject4.federationGuid = Guid.empty;
+        const subjectId1 = subject1.insert();
+        const subjectId2 = subject2.insert();
+        const subjectId3 = subject3.insert();
+        const subjectId4 = subject4.insert();
+        subject1 = imodel1.elements.getElement(subjectId1, Subject);
+        subject2 = imodel1.elements.getElement(subjectId2, Subject);
+        subject3 = imodel1.elements.getElement(subjectId3, Subject);
+        subject4 = imodel1.elements.getElement(subjectId4, Subject);
+        // Subject.Description is an auto-handled property
+        assert.equal(subject1.description, "Description1");
+        assert.equal(subject2.description, "Description2");
+        assert.equal(subject3.description, ""); // NOTE: different behavior between auto-handled and custom-handled
+        assert.isUndefined(subject4.description);
+        // Test toJSON
+        assert.equal(subject1.toJSON().description, "Description1");
+        assert.equal(subject2.toJSON().description, "Description2");
+        assert.equal(subject3.toJSON().description, "");
+        assert.isUndefined(subject4.toJSON().description);
+        // Element.UserLabel is a custom-handled property
+        assert.equal(subject1.userLabel, "UserLabel1");
+        assert.equal(subject2.userLabel, "UserLabel2");
+        assert.isUndefined(subject3.userLabel); // NOTE: different behavior between auto-handled and custom-handled
+        assert.isUndefined(subject4.userLabel);
+        // Element.FederationGuid is a custom-handled property
+        assert.equal(subject1.federationGuid, federationGuid1);
+        assert.equal(subject2.federationGuid, federationGuid2);
+        assert.isUndefined(subject4.federationGuid);
+        // test partial update of Description (auto-handled)
+        imodel1.elements.updateElement({ id: subject1.id, description: "Description1-Updated" });
+        subject1 = imodel1.elements.getElement(subjectId1, Subject);
+        assert.equal(subject1.description, "Description1-Updated"); // should have been updated
+        assert.isDefined(subject1.model);
+        assert.isDefined(subject1.parent);
+        assert.equal(subject1.code.value, "Subject1"); // should not have changed
+        assert.equal(subject1.userLabel, "UserLabel1"); // should not have changed
+        assert.equal(subject1.federationGuid, federationGuid1); // should not have changed
+        // test partial update of UserLabel (custom-handled)
+        imodel1.elements.updateElement({ id: subject2.id, userLabel: "UserLabel2-Updated" });
+        subject2 = imodel1.elements.getElement(subjectId2, Subject);
+        assert.isDefined(subject2.model);
+        assert.isDefined(subject2.parent);
+        assert.equal(subject2.userLabel, "UserLabel2-Updated"); // should have been updated
+        assert.equal(subject2.code.value, "Subject2"); // should not have changed
+        assert.equal(subject2.description, "Description2"); // should not have changed
+        assert.equal(subject2.federationGuid, federationGuid2); // should not have changed
+        // Update Subject elements - setting Description and UserLabel to similar values
+        subject1.description = undefined;
+        subject2.description = "";
+        subject3.description = "Description3";
+        subject4.description = "Description4";
+        subject2.userLabel = "";
+        subject3.userLabel = "UserLabel3";
+        subject4.userLabel = "UserLabel4";
+        subject1.update();
+        subject2.update();
+        subject3.update();
+        subject4.update();
+        subject1 = imodel1.elements.getElement(subjectId1, Subject);
+        subject2 = imodel1.elements.getElement(subjectId2, Subject);
+        subject3 = imodel1.elements.getElement(subjectId3, Subject);
+        subject4 = imodel1.elements.getElement(subjectId4, Subject);
+        // Subject.Description is an auto-handled property
+        assert.isUndefined(subject1.description);
+        assert.equal(subject2.description, ""); // NOTE: different behavior between auto-handled and custom-handled
+        assert.equal(subject3.description, "Description3");
+        assert.equal(subject4.description, "Description4");
+        // Element.UserLabel is a custom-handled property
+        assert.isUndefined(subject2.userLabel); // NOTE: different behavior between auto-handled and custom-handled
+        assert.equal(subject3.userLabel, "UserLabel3");
+        assert.equal(subject4.userLabel, "UserLabel4");
+        // test partial update of Description to undefined
+        const s3Fed = subject3.federationGuid;
+        imodel1.elements.updateElement({ id: subject3.id, description: undefined });
+        subject3 = imodel1.elements.getElement(subjectId3, Subject);
+        assert.isUndefined(subject3.description); // should have been updated
+        assert.isDefined(subject3.model);
+        assert.isDefined(subject3.parent);
+        assert.equal(subject3.code.value, "Subject3"); // should not have changed
+        assert.equal(subject3.userLabel, "UserLabel3"); // should not have changed
+        assert.equal(subject3.federationGuid, s3Fed); // should not have changed
+        // test partial update of UserLabel to undefined
+        imodel1.elements.updateElement({ id: subject4.id, userLabel: undefined });
+        subject4 = imodel1.elements.getElement(subjectId4, Subject);
+        assert.isDefined(subject4.model);
+        assert.isDefined(subject4.parent);
+        // assert.isUndefined(subject4.userLabel); // should have been updated  - WIP WIP WIP
+        assert.equal(subject4.code.value, "Subject4"); // should not have changed
+        assert.equal(subject4.description, "Description4"); // should not have changed
+        assert.isUndefined(subject4.federationGuid); // should not have changed
+    });
+    it('should allow untrimmed codes when using "exact" codeValueBehavior', () => {
+        const imodelPath = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "codeValueBehavior.bim");
+        const imodel = SnapshotDb.createEmpty(imodelPath, { rootSubject: { name: "codeValueBehaviors" } });
+        const getNumberedCodeValAndProps = (n) => {
+            const trimmedCodeVal = `CodeValue${n}`;
+            const untrimmedCodeVal = `${trimmedCodeVal}\xa0`;
+            const spec = imodel.codeSpecs.getByName(SpatialCategory.getCodeSpecName()).id;
+            const props = {
+                // the [[Code]] class still (as it always has) trims unicode space, so avoid it
+                code: { spec, scope: IModelDb.dictionaryId, value: untrimmedCodeVal },
+                model: IModelDb.dictionaryId,
+                classFullName: SpatialCategory.classFullName,
+            };
+            return { trimmedCodeVal, untrimmedCodeVal, props };
+        };
+        expect(imodel.codeValueBehavior).to.equal("trim-unicode-whitespace");
+        const code1 = getNumberedCodeValAndProps(1);
+        const categ1Id = imodel.elements.insertElement(code1.props);
+        const categ1 = imodel.elements.getElementProps({ id: categ1Id });
+        expect(categ1.code.value).to.equal(code1.trimmedCodeVal);
+        imodel.codeValueBehavior = "exact";
+        const code2 = getNumberedCodeValAndProps(2);
+        const categ2Id = imodel.elements.insertElement(code2.props);
+        const categ2 = imodel.elements.getElementProps({ id: categ2Id });
+        expect(categ2.code.value).to.equal(code2.untrimmedCodeVal);
+        imodel.codeValueBehavior = "trim-unicode-whitespace";
+        const code3 = getNumberedCodeValAndProps(3);
+        const categ3Id = imodel.elements.insertElement(code3.props);
+        const categ3 = imodel.elements.getElement({ id: categ3Id });
+        expect(categ3.code.value).to.equal(code3.trimmedCodeVal);
+        imodel.close();
+    });
+    it("throws NotFound when attempting to access element props after closing the iModel", () => {
+        const imodelPath = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "accessAfterClose.bim");
+        const imodel = SnapshotDb.createEmpty(imodelPath, { rootSubject: { name: "accessAfterClose" } });
+        const elem = imodel.elements.getElement(IModel.rootSubjectId);
+        expect(elem.id).to.equal(IModel.rootSubjectId);
+        imodel.close();
+        expect(() => imodel.elements.getElement(IModel.rootSubjectId)).to.throw(IModelError, "Element=0x1", "Not Found");
+    });
+    it("should throw \"constraint failed (BE_SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE)\" when inserting a relationsip instance with the same prop twice", () => {
+        const imodelPath = IModelTestUtils.prepareOutputFile("IModel", "insertDuplicateInstance.bim");
+        const imodel = SnapshotDb.createEmpty(imodelPath, { rootSubject: { name: "insertDuplicateInstance" } });
+        const elements = imodel.elements;
+        // Create a new physical model
+        const newModelId = PhysicalModel.insert(imodel, IModel.rootSubjectId, "TestModel");
+        // create a SpatialCategory
+        const spatialCategoryId = SpatialCategory.insert(imodel, IModel.dictionaryId, "MySpatialCategory", new SubCategoryAppearance({ color: ColorByName.darkRed }));
+        // Create a couple of physical elements.
+        const elementProps = {
+            classFullName: PhysicalObject.classFullName,
+            model: newModelId,
+            category: spatialCategoryId,
+            code: Code.createEmpty(),
+        };
+        const id0 = elements.insertElement(elementProps);
+        const id1 = elements.insertElement(elementProps);
+        const props = {
+            classFullName: "BisCore:ElementGroupsMembers",
+            sourceId: id0,
+            targetId: id1,
+            memberPriority: 1,
+        };
+        imodel.relationships.insertInstance(props);
+        expect(() => imodel.relationships.insertInstance(props)).to.throw(`Failed to insert relationship [${imodelPath}]: rc=2067, constraint failed (BE_SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE)`);
+        imodel.close();
+    });
+});
+//# sourceMappingURL=IModel.test.js.map