@interstellar-tools/equations 0.18.0 → 0.20.0

package/dist/categories/cartography/__tests__/planetocentric-latitude.spec.js

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+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test, { describe } from 'node:test';
+import { planetocentricLatitude } from '../planetocentric-latitude';
+import { absClose, relClose } from 'packages/equations/src/__tests__/helpers';
+describe('planetocentricLatitude', () => {
+    test('returns 0 on the equatorial plane (z=0, x/y not both 0)', () => {
+        const phi1 = planetocentricLatitude(1, 0, 0);
+        const phi2 = planetocentricLatitude(0, 2, 0);
+        const phi3 = planetocentricLatitude(3, 4, 0);
+        absClose(phi1, 0, 1e-12);
+        absClose(phi2, 0, 1e-12);
+        absClose(phi3, 0, 1e-12);
+    });
+    test('returns +π/2 on +Z axis and -π/2 on -Z axis', () => {
+        absClose(planetocentricLatitude(0, 0, 1), Math.PI / 2, 1e-12);
+        absClose(planetocentricLatitude(0, 0, 10), Math.PI / 2, 1e-12);
+        absClose(planetocentricLatitude(0, 0, -1), -Math.PI / 2, 1e-12);
+        absClose(planetocentricLatitude(0, 0, -10), -Math.PI / 2, 1e-12);
+    });
+    test('matches atan2(z, hypot(x,y)) identity for a generic point', () => {
+        const x = 3;
+        const y = -4;
+        const z = 5;
+        const phi = planetocentricLatitude(x, y, z);
+        const expected = Math.atan2(z, Math.hypot(x, y));
+        relClose(phi, expected);
+    });
+    test('is invariant under scaling of (x,y,z) by a positive factor', () => {
+        const x = 1.2;
+        const y = -3.4;
+        const z = 5.6;
+        const phi = planetocentricLatitude(x, y, z);
+        const phiScaled = planetocentricLatitude(10 * x, 10 * y, 10 * z);
+        relClose(phiScaled, phi);
+    });
+    test('returns within [-π/2, +π/2] for finite inputs', () => {
+        const samples = [
+            [1, 0, 0],
+            [0, 1, 0],
+            [1, 1, 1],
+            [1, 1, -1],
+            [3, -4, 5],
+            [3, -4, -5]
+        ];
+        for (const [x, y, z] of samples) {
+            const phi = planetocentricLatitude(x, y, z);
+            assert.ok(phi >= -Math.PI / 2 - 1e-15, `phi < -π/2: ${phi}`);
+            assert.ok(phi <= Math.PI / 2 + 1e-15, `phi > +π/2: ${phi}`);
+        }
+    });
+    test('handles origin: atan2(0,0) returns 0 in JS', () => {
+        // This documents JS behavior; mathematically latitude at origin is undefined,
+        // but this function will return 0 due to atan2(0,0) === 0.
+        absClose(planetocentricLatitude(0, 0, 0), 0, 0);
+    });
+    test('throws TypeError when x is not finite', () => {
+        assert.throws(() => planetocentricLatitude(Number.NaN, 0, 0), (err) => err instanceof TypeError &&
+            err.message === 'x must be finite. Received: NaN');
+    });
+    test('throws TypeError when y is not finite', () => {
+        assert.throws(() => planetocentricLatitude(0, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, 0), (err) => err instanceof TypeError &&
+            err.message === 'y must be finite. Received: Infinity');
+    });
+    test('throws TypeError when z is not finite', () => {
+        assert.throws(() => planetocentricLatitude(0, 0, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY), (err) => err instanceof TypeError &&
+            err.message === 'z must be finite. Received: -Infinity');
+    });
+});
+//# sourceMappingURL=planetocentric-latitude.spec.js.map

package/dist/categories/cartography/__tests__/planetocentric-latitude.spec.js.map

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package/dist/categories/cartography/__tests__/planetographic-latitude-oblate.spec.d.ts

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+export {};
+//# sourceMappingURL=planetographic-latitude-oblate.spec.d.ts.map

package/dist/categories/cartography/__tests__/planetographic-latitude-oblate.spec.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"planetographic-latitude-oblate.spec.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../src/categories/cartography/__tests__/planetographic-latitude-oblate.spec.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":""}

package/dist/categories/cartography/__tests__/planetographic-latitude-oblate.spec.js

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+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test, { describe } from 'node:test';
+import { planetographicLatitudeOblate } from '../planetographic-latitude-oblate';
+import { absClose, relClose } from 'packages/equations/src/__tests__/helpers';
+describe('planetographicLatitudeOblate', () => {
+    test('reduces to planetocentric latitude when a === c (sphere)', () => {
+        const a = 10;
+        const c = 10;
+        const x = 3;
+        const y = 4;
+        const z = 5;
+        const phiG = planetographicLatitudeOblate(x, y, z, a, c);
+        const expected = Math.atan2(z, Math.hypot(x, y)); // oneMinusE2 = 1
+        relClose(phiG, expected);
+    });
+    test('returns 0 on the equatorial plane (z=0, x/y not both 0)', () => {
+        const a = 6378137.0;
+        const c = 6356752.314245;
+        absClose(planetographicLatitudeOblate(1, 0, 0, a, c), 0, 1e-12);
+        absClose(planetographicLatitudeOblate(0, 2, 0, a, c), 0, 1e-12);
+        absClose(planetographicLatitudeOblate(3, 4, 0, a, c), 0, 1e-12);
+    });
+    test('returns +π/2 on +Z axis and -π/2 on -Z axis (for valid ellipsoid)', () => {
+        const a = 10;
+        const c = 9;
+        absClose(planetographicLatitudeOblate(0, 0, 1, a, c), Math.PI / 2, 1e-12);
+        absClose(planetographicLatitudeOblate(0, 0, -1, a, c), -Math.PI / 2, 1e-12);
+    });
+    test('matches the explicit formula atan2(z/(c^2/a^2), hypot(x,y))', () => {
+        const a = 10;
+        const c = 9;
+        const x = 1.2;
+        const y = -3.4;
+        const z = 5.6;
+        const phi = planetographicLatitudeOblate(x, y, z, a, c);
+        const oneMinusE2 = (c * c) / (a * a); // c²/a²
+        const expected = Math.atan2(z / oneMinusE2, Math.hypot(x, y));
+        relClose(phi, expected);
+    });
+    test('is invariant under scaling of (x,y,z) by a positive factor', () => {
+        const a = 10;
+        const c = 9;
+        const x = 1.2;
+        const y = -3.4;
+        const z = 5.6;
+        const phi1 = planetographicLatitudeOblate(x, y, z, a, c);
+        const phi2 = planetographicLatitudeOblate(10 * x, 10 * y, 10 * z, a, c);
+        relClose(phi2, phi1);
+    });
+    test('for an oblate spheroid (a > c), |φg| > |φc| when z ≠ 0 (same Cartesian point)', () => {
+        const a = 10;
+        const c = 9;
+        const x = 3;
+        const y = 4;
+        const z = 1;
+        const phiC = Math.atan2(z, Math.hypot(x, y)); // planetocentric latitude
+        const phiG = planetographicLatitudeOblate(x, y, z, a, c);
+        assert.ok(Math.abs(phiG) > Math.abs(phiC), `expected |phiG| > |phiC| for a>c; got phiC=${phiC}, phiG=${phiG}`);
+    });
+    test('returns within [-π/2, +π/2] for finite inputs', () => {
+        const a = 10;
+        const c = 9;
+        const samples = [
+            [1, 0, 0],
+            [0, 1, 0],
+            [1, 1, 1],
+            [1, 1, -1],
+            [3, -4, 5],
+            [3, -4, -5]
+        ];
+        for (const [x, y, z] of samples) {
+            const phi = planetographicLatitudeOblate(x, y, z, a, c);
+            assert.ok(phi >= -Math.PI / 2 - 1e-15, `phi < -π/2: ${phi}`);
+            assert.ok(phi <= Math.PI / 2 + 1e-15, `phi > +π/2: ${phi}`);
+        }
+    });
+    test('handles origin: atan2(0,0) returns 0 in JS (documents behavior)', () => {
+        const a = 10;
+        const c = 9;
+        absClose(planetographicLatitudeOblate(0, 0, 0, a, c), 0, 0);
+    });
+    test('throws TypeError when any input is not finite', () => {
+        const a = 10;
+        const c = 9;
+        assert.throws(() => planetographicLatitudeOblate(Number.NaN, 0, 0, a, c), (err) => err instanceof TypeError &&
+            err.message === 'x must be finite. Received: NaN');
+        assert.throws(() => planetographicLatitudeOblate(0, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, 0, a, c), (err) => err instanceof TypeError &&
+            err.message === 'y must be finite. Received: Infinity');
+        assert.throws(() => planetographicLatitudeOblate(0, 0, Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, a, c), (err) => err instanceof TypeError &&
+            err.message === 'z must be finite. Received: -Infinity');
+        assert.throws(() => planetographicLatitudeOblate(0, 0, 0, Number.NaN, c), (err) => err instanceof TypeError &&
+            err.message === 'a must be finite. Received: NaN');
+        assert.throws(() => planetographicLatitudeOblate(0, 0, 0, a, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY), (err) => err instanceof TypeError &&
+            err.message === 'c must be finite. Received: Infinity');
+    });
+    test('throws RangeError when a <= 0 or c <= 0', () => {
+        assert.throws(() => planetographicLatitudeOblate(0, 0, 0, 0, 1), (err) => err instanceof RangeError &&
+            err.message === 'a must be > 0. Received: 0');
+        assert.throws(() => planetographicLatitudeOblate(0, 0, 0, 1, 0), (err) => err instanceof RangeError &&
+            err.message === 'c must be > 0. Received: 0');
+    });
+});
+//# sourceMappingURL=planetographic-latitude-oblate.spec.js.map

package/dist/categories/cartography/__tests__/planetographic-latitude-oblate.spec.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/cartography/body-fixed-from-inertial-dcm-iau.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import { Matrix3x3Type, Radians } from '@interstellar-tools/types';
+/**
+ * Build the **IAU-style inertial → body-fixed** direction cosine matrix (DCM).
+ *
+ * This constructs the 3×3 rotation matrix that transforms a vector expressed in an inertial
+ * frame (commonly ICRF/J2000-like) into the body-fixed, planetocentric frame defined by:
+ * - the body's north pole right ascension ($ \alpha_p $),
+ * - the body's north pole declination ($ \delta_p $),
+ * - the prime meridian angle ($ W(t) $).
+ *
+ * Using the common 3-1-3 sequence:
+ *
+ * $$
+ * \mathbf R_{\text{BF}\leftarrow\text{ICRF}} =
+ * \mathbf R_3(W)\,\mathbf R_1\!\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-\delta_p\right)\,\mathbf R_3\!\left(\frac{\pi}{2}+\alpha_p\right)
+ * $$
+ *
+ * ::: info Notes:
+ *
+ * - All angles are in **radians**.
+ * - Matrices are **row-major** (`M[row][col]`).
+ * - The returned matrix can be applied to inertial vectors via `applyMatrix3(R, v)`.
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
+ * @param alphaP - Right ascension of the north pole ($ \alpha_p $) in radians (finite).
+ * @param deltaP - Declination of the north pole ($ \delta_p $) in radians (finite).
+ * @param W - Prime meridian angle ($ W(t) $) in radians (finite).
+ * @returns {Matrix3x3Type} 3×3 DCM ($ \mathbf R_{\text{BF}\leftarrow\text{ICRF}} $) (row-major).
+ * @throws {TypeError} If any input is not a finite number.
+ * @group Cartography
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Given IAU pole and prime meridian angles (radians):
+ * const R = bodyFixedFromInertialDcmIAU(alphaP, deltaP, W);
+ *
+ * // Transform an inertial vector into body-fixed:
+ * const vBF = applyMatrix3(R, vICRF);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see {@link applyMatrix3}
+ * @see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/FORTRAN/req/pck.html NAIF SPICE PCK Required Reading (RA, DEC, W orientation model)
+ * @see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/C/req/frames.html NAIF SPICE Frames Required Reading (reference frames and transformations)
+ * @see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/C/cspice/tipbod_c.html SPICE `tipbod_c` (inertial → body-equator-and-prime-meridian rotation)
+ * @see https://www.iau.org/WG100/WG100/Home.aspx IAU WGCCRE / WG100 (cartographic coordinates & rotational elements reports)
+ * @see https://aa.usno.navy.mil/downloads/reports/Archinaletal2011a.pdf Archinal et al. (2011) IAU WGCCRE report (pole and prime meridian definitions)
+ */
+export declare const bodyFixedFromInertialDcmIAU: (alphaP: Radians, deltaP: Radians, W: Radians) => Matrix3x3Type;
+//# sourceMappingURL=body-fixed-from-inertial-dcm-iau.d.ts.map

package/dist/categories/cartography/body-fixed-from-inertial-dcm-iau.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/cartography/body-fixed-from-inertial-dcm-iau.js

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { matMul3 } from '../helpers/mat-mul3';
+import { rot1 } from '../helpers/rot-1';
+import { rot3 } from '../helpers/rot-3';
+/**
+ * Build the **IAU-style inertial → body-fixed** direction cosine matrix (DCM).
+ *
+ * This constructs the 3×3 rotation matrix that transforms a vector expressed in an inertial
+ * frame (commonly ICRF/J2000-like) into the body-fixed, planetocentric frame defined by:
+ * - the body's north pole right ascension ($ \alpha_p $),
+ * - the body's north pole declination ($ \delta_p $),
+ * - the prime meridian angle ($ W(t) $).
+ *
+ * Using the common 3-1-3 sequence:
+ *
+ * $$
+ * \mathbf R_{\text{BF}\leftarrow\text{ICRF}} =
+ * \mathbf R_3(W)\,\mathbf R_1\!\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-\delta_p\right)\,\mathbf R_3\!\left(\frac{\pi}{2}+\alpha_p\right)
+ * $$
+ *
+ * ::: info Notes:
+ *
+ * - All angles are in **radians**.
+ * - Matrices are **row-major** (`M[row][col]`).
+ * - The returned matrix can be applied to inertial vectors via `applyMatrix3(R, v)`.
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
+ * @param alphaP - Right ascension of the north pole ($ \alpha_p $) in radians (finite).
+ * @param deltaP - Declination of the north pole ($ \delta_p $) in radians (finite).
+ * @param W - Prime meridian angle ($ W(t) $) in radians (finite).
+ * @returns {Matrix3x3Type} 3×3 DCM ($ \mathbf R_{\text{BF}\leftarrow\text{ICRF}} $) (row-major).
+ * @throws {TypeError} If any input is not a finite number.
+ * @group Cartography
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Given IAU pole and prime meridian angles (radians):
+ * const R = bodyFixedFromInertialDcmIAU(alphaP, deltaP, W);
+ *
+ * // Transform an inertial vector into body-fixed:
+ * const vBF = applyMatrix3(R, vICRF);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see {@link applyMatrix3}
+ * @see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/FORTRAN/req/pck.html NAIF SPICE PCK Required Reading (RA, DEC, W orientation model)
+ * @see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/C/req/frames.html NAIF SPICE Frames Required Reading (reference frames and transformations)
+ * @see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/naif/toolkit_docs/C/cspice/tipbod_c.html SPICE `tipbod_c` (inertial → body-equator-and-prime-meridian rotation)
+ * @see https://www.iau.org/WG100/WG100/Home.aspx IAU WGCCRE / WG100 (cartographic coordinates & rotational elements reports)
+ * @see https://aa.usno.navy.mil/downloads/reports/Archinaletal2011a.pdf Archinal et al. (2011) IAU WGCCRE report (pole and prime meridian definitions)
+ */
+export const bodyFixedFromInertialDcmIAU = (alphaP, deltaP, W) => {
+    for (const [name, v] of [
+        ['alphaP', alphaP],
+        ['deltaP', deltaP],
+        ['W', W]
+    ]) {
+        if (!Number.isFinite(v))
+            throw new TypeError(`${name} must be finite. Received: ${v}`);
+    }
+    const halfPi = (Math.PI / 2);
+    // R3(W) * R1(π/2 - δp) * R3(π/2 + αp)
+    return matMul3(matMul3(rot3(W), rot1((halfPi - deltaP))), rot3((halfPi + alphaP)));
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=body-fixed-from-inertial-dcm-iau.js.map

package/dist/categories/cartography/body-fixed-from-inertial-dcm-iau.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/cartography/eccentricity-squared-oblate-spheroid.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Compute **first eccentricity squared** ($ e^2 $) for an oblate spheroid.
+ *
+ * The first eccentricity describes how much an oblate spheroid (ellipsoid of revolution)
+ * deviates from a perfect sphere. For equatorial radius ($ a $) and polar radius ($ c $):
+ *
+ * $$
+ * e^2 = 1 - \frac{c^2}{a^2}
+ * $$
+ *
+ * ::: info Notes:
+ *
+ * - ($ e^2 $) is **dimensionless**.
+ * - For a physically valid oblate spheroid with ($ a \ge c > 0 $), ($ 0 \le e^2 < 1 $).
+ * - This quantity is widely used in geodesy and mapping formulas (e.g., planetographic latitude,
+ *   geodetic coordinates, map projections).
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
+ * @param a - Equatorial radius ($ a $) (finite, > 0).
+ * @param c - Polar radius ($ c $) (finite, > 0).
+ * @returns First eccentricity squared ($ e^2 $) (dimensionless).
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `a` or `c` is not a finite number.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `a <= 0` or `c <= 0`.
+ * @group Cartography
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Earth (WGS84-ish radii in meters):
+ * const a = 6378137.0;
+ * const c = 6356752.314245;
+ * const e2 = eccentricitySquaredOblateSpheroid(a, c);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentricity_(mathematics)#Ellipses_and_ellipsoids Eccentricity for ellipses/ellipsoids (includes first eccentricity)
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ellipsoid Reference ellipsoid (geodesy context; uses a, b and eccentricity)
+ * @see https://epsg.org/guidance-notes.html EPSG Guidance Notes (geodesy reference; ellipsoid parameters and derived quantities)
+ */
+export declare const eccentricitySquaredOblateSpheroid: (a: number, c: number) => number;
+//# sourceMappingURL=eccentricity-squared-oblate-spheroid.d.ts.map

package/dist/categories/cartography/eccentricity-squared-oblate-spheroid.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"eccentricity-squared-oblate-spheroid.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/categories/cartography/eccentricity-squared-oblate-spheroid.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAqCG;AACH,eAAO,MAAM,iCAAiC,GAC5C,GAAG,MAAM,EACT,GAAG,MAAM,KACR,MAYF,CAAC"}

package/dist/categories/cartography/eccentricity-squared-oblate-spheroid.js

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+ * Compute **first eccentricity squared** ($ e^2 $) for an oblate spheroid.
+ *
+ * The first eccentricity describes how much an oblate spheroid (ellipsoid of revolution)
+ * deviates from a perfect sphere. For equatorial radius ($ a $) and polar radius ($ c $):
+ *
+ * $$
+ * e^2 = 1 - \frac{c^2}{a^2}
+ * $$
+ *
+ * ::: info Notes:
+ *
+ * - ($ e^2 $) is **dimensionless**.
+ * - For a physically valid oblate spheroid with ($ a \ge c > 0 $), ($ 0 \le e^2 < 1 $).
+ * - This quantity is widely used in geodesy and mapping formulas (e.g., planetographic latitude,
+ *   geodetic coordinates, map projections).
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
+ * @param a - Equatorial radius ($ a $) (finite, > 0).
+ * @param c - Polar radius ($ c $) (finite, > 0).
+ * @returns First eccentricity squared ($ e^2 $) (dimensionless).
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `a` or `c` is not a finite number.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `a <= 0` or `c <= 0`.
+ * @group Cartography
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Earth (WGS84-ish radii in meters):
+ * const a = 6378137.0;
+ * const c = 6356752.314245;
+ * const e2 = eccentricitySquaredOblateSpheroid(a, c);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentricity_(mathematics)#Ellipses_and_ellipsoids Eccentricity for ellipses/ellipsoids (includes first eccentricity)
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ellipsoid Reference ellipsoid (geodesy context; uses a, b and eccentricity)
+ * @see https://epsg.org/guidance-notes.html EPSG Guidance Notes (geodesy reference; ellipsoid parameters and derived quantities)
+ */
+export const eccentricitySquaredOblateSpheroid = (a, c) => {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(a))
+        throw new TypeError(`a must be finite. Received: ${a}`);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(c))
+        throw new TypeError(`c must be finite. Received: ${c}`);
+    if (a <= 0)
+        throw new RangeError(`a must be > 0. Received: ${a}`);
+    if (c <= 0)
+        throw new RangeError(`c must be > 0. Received: ${c}`);
+    return 1 - (c * c) / (a * a);
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=eccentricity-squared-oblate-spheroid.js.map

package/dist/categories/cartography/eccentricity-squared-oblate-spheroid.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/cartography/flattening-oblate-spheroid.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Compute **flattening** ($ f $) of an oblate spheroid.
+ *
+ * Flattening quantifies how much an ellipsoid of revolution is "squashed" at the poles,
+ * using equatorial radius ($ a $) and polar radius ($ c $):
+ *
+ * $$
+ * f = \frac{a - c}{a}
+ * $$
+ *
+ * ::: info Notes:
+ *
+ * - ($ f $) is **dimensionless**.
+ * - For a physically valid oblate spheroid with ($ a \ge c > 0 $), ($ 0 \le f < 1 $).
+ * - Commonly used in geodesy/cartography (e.g., defining reference ellipsoids and deriving
+ *   related parameters like eccentricity).
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
+ * @param a - Equatorial radius ($ a $) (finite, > 0).
+ * @param c - Polar radius ($ c $) (finite, > 0).
+ * @returns Flattening ($ f $) (dimensionless).
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `a` or `c` is not a finite number.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `a <= 0` or `c <= 0`.
+ * @group Cartography
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Earth (WGS84-ish radii in meters):
+ * const a = 6378137.0;
+ * const c = 6356752.314245;
+ * const f = flatteningOblateSpheroid(a, c);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening Flattening (definition and geodesy usage)
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ellipsoid Reference ellipsoid (a, b/c, and flattening used to define ellipsoids)
+ * @see https://epsg.org/guidance-notes.html EPSG Guidance Notes (geodesy reference; ellipsoid parameters and derived quantities)
+ */
+export declare const flatteningOblateSpheroid: (a: number, c: number) => number;
+//# sourceMappingURL=flattening-oblate-spheroid.d.ts.map

package/dist/categories/cartography/flattening-oblate-spheroid.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/categories/cartography/flattening-oblate-spheroid.js

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+ * Compute **flattening** ($ f $) of an oblate spheroid.
+ *
+ * Flattening quantifies how much an ellipsoid of revolution is "squashed" at the poles,
+ * using equatorial radius ($ a $) and polar radius ($ c $):
+ *
+ * $$
+ * f = \frac{a - c}{a}
+ * $$
+ *
+ * ::: info Notes:
+ *
+ * - ($ f $) is **dimensionless**.
+ * - For a physically valid oblate spheroid with ($ a \ge c > 0 $), ($ 0 \le f < 1 $).
+ * - Commonly used in geodesy/cartography (e.g., defining reference ellipsoids and deriving
+ *   related parameters like eccentricity).
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
+ * @param a - Equatorial radius ($ a $) (finite, > 0).
+ * @param c - Polar radius ($ c $) (finite, > 0).
+ * @returns Flattening ($ f $) (dimensionless).
+ * @throws {TypeError} If `a` or `c` is not a finite number.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `a <= 0` or `c <= 0`.
+ * @group Cartography
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Earth (WGS84-ish radii in meters):
+ * const a = 6378137.0;
+ * const c = 6356752.314245;
+ * const f = flatteningOblateSpheroid(a, c);
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening Flattening (definition and geodesy usage)
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ellipsoid Reference ellipsoid (a, b/c, and flattening used to define ellipsoids)
+ * @see https://epsg.org/guidance-notes.html EPSG Guidance Notes (geodesy reference; ellipsoid parameters and derived quantities)
+ */
+export const flatteningOblateSpheroid = (a, c) => {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(a))
+        throw new TypeError(`a must be finite. Received: ${a}`);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(c))
+        throw new TypeError(`c must be finite. Received: ${c}`);
+    if (a <= 0)
+        throw new RangeError(`a must be > 0. Received: ${a}`);
+    if (c <= 0)
+        throw new RangeError(`c must be > 0. Received: ${c}`);
+    return (a - c) / a;
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=flattening-oblate-spheroid.js.map

package/dist/categories/cartography/flattening-oblate-spheroid.js.map

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package/dist/categories/cartography/is-on-triaxial-ellipsoid-surface.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/**
+ * Test whether a 3D point lies on the surface of a **triaxial ellipsoid** (within a tolerance).
+ *
+ * A triaxial ellipsoid centered at the origin with semi-axes ($ a $), ($ b $), ($ c $) aligned to
+ * the ($ x $), ($ y $), ($ z $) axes is defined by the implicit surface:
+ *
+ * $$
+ * \frac{x^2}{a^2} + \frac{y^2}{b^2} + \frac{z^2}{c^2} = 1
+ * $$
+ *
+ * This function evaluates the left-hand side and checks whether it is within `eps` of 1.
+ *
+ * ::: info Notes:
+ *
+ * - This is a **pure geometric** surface membership test; it does not compute the closest
+ *   point on the ellipsoid or any geodetic latitude/longitude.
+ * - For ellipsoids of revolution (oblate/prolate), you typically have ($ a=b $), but this
+ *   supports the general triaxial case.
+ *
+ * :::
+ *
+ * @param x - X coordinate (finite).
+ * @param y - Y coordinate (finite).
+ * @param z - Z coordinate (finite).
+ * @param a - Semi-axis length along x (finite, > 0).
+ * @param b - Semi-axis length along y (finite, > 0).
+ * @param c - Semi-axis length along z (finite, > 0).
+ * @param eps - Allowed absolute tolerance on the implicit value (finite, >= 0). Defaults to `1e-12`.
+ * @returns `true` if the point satisfies the ellipsoid equation within `eps`, otherwise `false`.
+ * @throws {TypeError} If any input is not a finite number.
+ * @throws {RangeError} If `a <= 0`, `b <= 0`, `c <= 0`, or `eps < 0`.
+ * @group Cartography
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Ellipsoid with semi-axes a=3, b=2, c=1
+ * // Point on +X axis should be on the surface: (x,y,z) = (a,0,0)
+ * const onSurface = isOnTriaxialEllipsoidSurface(3, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1);
+ * // onSurface === true
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Slightly off the surface (use a looser eps if needed)
+ * const onSurface = isOnTriaxialEllipsoidSurface(3.0000001, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1, 1e-6);
+ * // onSurface === true
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsoid Ellipsoid (general definition and implicit equation)
+ * @see https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Ellipsoid.html Wolfram MathWorld — Ellipsoid (properties and equations)
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triaxial_ellipsoid Triaxial ellipsoid (special case discussion)
+ */
+export declare const isOnTriaxialEllipsoidSurface: (x: number, y: number, z: number, a: number, b: number, c: number, eps?: number) => boolean;
+//# sourceMappingURL=is-on-triaxial-ellipsoid-surface.d.ts.map

package/dist/categories/cartography/is-on-triaxial-ellipsoid-surface.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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