@hydranium/core 1.0.0-next.14 → 1.0.0-next.140

package/src/langium/model-service/model-service.ts

@@ -9,20 +9,16 @@
 
 import {
    type CanonicalUri,
-   type CloseModelArgs,
-   ConflictError,
-   Logger,
+   defineMessage,
    type MaybeObservableValue,
    type MaybePromise,
    ObservableValue,
-   type TransferDiagnostic,
+   TIMED_OUT,
    type TransferElement,
-   type OpenModelArgs,
-   type Tracer,
-   type TransferSaveArgs,
-   type TransferUpdateArgs
+   type Tracer
 } from '@hydranium/protocol';
 import { type AstNode, DocumentState, type LangiumDocument, UriUtils, type URI } from '@hydranium/langium';
+import { type AstDiagnostic } from '../validation/document-validator.js';
 import { type DocumentUriPolicy } from '../workspace/document-uri-policy.js';
 import { ReentrantWriteLockError, isInsideWriteLock } from '../workspace/write-lock-scope.js';
 import { type CancellationToken, type Disposable } from 'vscode-languageserver';
@@ -32,48 +28,35 @@ import { type LogNameOptions } from '../diagnostics/logger.js';
 import { IntegrityService } from '../integrity/integrity-service.js';
 import { labelPhaseListener } from '../document-builder/labeled-phase-listener.js';
 import { LANGUAGE_CLIENT_ID } from '../../documents/client-ids.js';
+import { type OpenOptions } from '../../documents/client-session-registry.js';
 import { type ServerSharedServices } from '../module.js';
-
-/** Max time {@link ModelService.settleSave} waits for the build to settle and the sync chain to drain. */
-const SAVE_SETTLE_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
+import { type ClientSession } from './client-session.js';
 
 /**
- * Marks the {@link SAVE_SETTLE_TIMEOUT_MS} branch of
- * {@link ModelService.settleSave}'s race so it stays distinguishable from a
- * genuine rejection (a cancelled token, an `applyEdit` reverse-RPC error, a
- * build throw). With a plain `Error` the only log line an adopter has blames
- * the timeout for every one of them, which points debugging at the wrong layer.
+ * The undo-stack entry for a server-authored write pushed to the editor.
+ *
+ * **A user-facing LABEL, not a log string**, which is easy to miss because it
+ * travels as an options field rather than as a message: LSP specifies
+ * `ApplyWorkspaceEditParams.label` as "presented in the user interface for
+ * example on an undo stack to undo the workspace edit". So a user who edits
+ * through a form or drags a diagram node reads this in their editor's undo menu
+ * — which is why it is rendered like any other message the server sends rather
+ * than left as the English literal it was.
+ *
+ * Parameterless deliberately. The obvious improvement is to name the document,
+ * and it is the wrong one: an undo menu is already grouped under the file, so
+ * the URI would be noise in the one place it is redundant.
  */
-class SaveSettleTimeoutError extends Error {}
+export const MODEL_UPDATE_EDIT = defineMessage('hydranium/core/model-update-edit', 'Update Model');
+
+/** Max time {@link DefaultModelService.settleSave} waits for the build to settle and the sync chain to drain. */
+const SAVE_SETTLE_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
 
 /**
  * Constructor options for {@link ModelService}. All fields are optional,
  * and the defaults are the behaviour described on each one.
  */
 export interface ModelServiceOptions extends LogNameOptions {
-   /**
-    * When set, {@link ModelService.update} logs a `warn` line if its
-    * end-to-end wait (serialise + content-change apply + rebuild +
-    * settled-phase wait) exceeds this many milliseconds. Default
-    * `undefined` (no warn line ever emitted; the underlying
-    * `Logger.time` debug timing log is unchanged either way).
-    *
-    * Pure observability — does NOT abort the update, does NOT change
-    * resolution semantics. Adopters wanting a hard timeout that throws
-    * instead override {@link ModelService.update} on their subclass and
-    * race the parent call against their own deadline.
-    *
-    * Recommended starting threshold: 2-5 seconds for interactive paths
-    * (form save, diagram edit). Workspaces with very large documents
-    * or slow validation may legitimately exceed 5s on the cold path —
-    * tune per workspace.
-    *
-    * Accepts a {@link MaybeObservableValue} so the threshold can be a
-    * fixed constant or bound to a user setting via `Settings.number`
-    * and retuned live. Leaving it unset disables the warn line entirely
-    * (and skips the per-update stopwatch).
-    */
-   readonly slowUpdateWarnMs?: MaybeObservableValue<number>;
    /**
     * Serialise the facade's own build under the workspace WRITE lock, the way
     * Langium's `DefaultDocumentUpdateHandler` dispatches its build. Default
@@ -96,17 +79,19 @@ export interface ModelServiceOptions extends LogNameOptions {
     * option removes is the wasted pass, not just its visible symptom.
     *
     * **What `false` buys.** `WorkspaceLock` is not reentrant. A caller that
-    * reaches `update` / `save` / `rebuild` while already holding the write lock —
-    * an integrity rule or build-phase pass that writes through this facade —
-    * deadlocks: acquiring the lock cancels the running holder, and the new
+    * reaches a session's `update` / `save` or `rebuild` while already holding
+    * the write lock — an integrity rule or build-phase pass that writes
+    * back — deadlocks: acquiring the lock cancels the running holder, and the new
     * acquisition then waits for that holder to release while the holder waits
     * for this call. On `true` that shape is DETECTED and rejected with
     * {@link ReentrantWriteLockError} rather than hanging, wherever a host
     * installs a write-lock scope tracker (`@hydranium/core/node` does at entry
     * load; see {@link isInsideWriteLock}). Setting `false` is the escape hatch
-    * for an adopter whose reentrant shape is unavoidable — nothing acquires the
-    * lock then, so there is nothing to be reentrant about; prefer it over
-    * unserialised builds only in that case.
+    * for an adopter whose reentrant shape is unavoidable: the facade's own
+    * build then takes no lock, so it cannot cancel the holder it runs inside.
+    * The wait after it can still hang there, because a document no build will
+    * carry is re-queued through the lock, and that re-queue waits for the
+    * holder to end. Prefer `false` over serialised builds only in that case.
     *
     * Accepts a {@link MaybeObservableValue} so it can be bound to a setting and
     * flipped without a restart.
@@ -115,12 +100,17 @@ export interface ModelServiceOptions extends LogNameOptions {
 }
 
 /**
+ * The seam every non-LSP head talks to: the data server, the GLSP head and an
+ * adopter's own services reach documents through this slot rather than through
+ * the workspace stores.
+ *
  * In-process facade over the framework's document plumbing
  * (`HydraniumTextDocuments`, `LangiumDocuments`,
- * `DocumentBuilder`, `WritableFileSystemProvider`). Owns the
- * `open / request / update / save / ready` lifecycle that protocol heads
- * (LSP, data-server, GLSP) delegate to so coordinating those primitives
- * doesn't have to be re-implemented per-head.
+ * `DocumentBuilder`, `WritableFileSystemProvider`). Owns the document
+ * lifecycle the data-server and GLSP heads delegate to — client sessions that
+ * open, update, save and close documents, the phase reads, and `ready` — so
+ * coordinating those primitives doesn't have to be re-implemented per head.
+ * Every open and write goes through a session from {@link createSession}.
  *
  * "Model" here means the parsed AST — distinct from the wire-shape
  * `TransferDocument` in `@hydranium/protocol`.
@@ -130,9 +120,9 @@ export interface ModelServiceOptions extends LogNameOptions {
  * Multiple in-process consumers want the same workspace-level
  * operations:
  * - The data-server head turns these into typed RPC methods.
- * - The GLSP head uses the same lifecycle for diagram-driven edits;
- *   GModel operation handlers route through `update` for AST mutation,
- *   `waitForDocumentState` for indexed-phase waits before reads, etc.
+ * - The GLSP head uses the same lifecycle for diagram-driven edits: GModel
+ *   operation handlers write through the diagram's session and wait on phases
+ *   before reading.
  * - Server-internal callers (integrity service, ad-hoc bridges, tests)
  *   want the same operations without the wire serialisation step.
  *
@@ -145,15 +135,16 @@ export interface ModelServiceOptions extends LogNameOptions {
  *
  * **Read-latest supersession**
  *
- * The default `update` and `save` flows use Langium's per-URI
- * `DocumentBuilder.waitUntil` to wait for the integrity-settled landmark
- * ({@link IntegrityService.SettledState}), then read the post-build state. Concurrent
- * in-process callers on the same URI all see the latest post-build
- * snapshot — none deadlock waiting for a specific version's settled
- * event. Adopters wanting strict version-matched semantics (resolve
- * with vN's snapshot specifically, log "vN superseded by vM at vN+1")
- * override {@link update} to attach a phase-listener with explicit
- * version checks; the framework default doesn't need it for safety.
+ * A session's default `update` and `save` use Langium's per-URI
+ * `DocumentBuilder.waitUntil` to wait for `Validated` (the integrity-settled
+ * landmark {@link IntegrityService.SettledState} when rebuilds do not
+ * validate), then read the post-build state. Concurrent in-process callers
+ * on the same URI all see the latest post-build snapshot — none deadlock
+ * waiting for a specific version's settled event. Adopters wanting strict
+ * version-matched semantics (resolve with vN's snapshot specifically, log
+ * "vN superseded by vM at vN+1") override
+ * `DefaultClientSession.updateDocument` to attach a phase-listener with
+ * explicit version checks; the framework default doesn't need it for safety.
  *
  * **Returns AST snapshots, not wire envelopes**
  *
@@ -173,20 +164,112 @@ export interface ModelServiceOptions extends LogNameOptions {
  * by URI happens here so consumers can subscribe per-document without
  * implementing the URI gate at each callsite.
  *
+ * **Two families, and the distinction matters more than the names suggest.**
+ * `waitFor*` is a pure wait — it never triggers a build, so a caller waiting on
+ * a document no build has touched waits until something else builds it.
+ * `ensureDocumentState` and the phase shorthands over it *dispatch*: warm
+ * documents are awaited, cold ones are built.
+ *
+ * **Diagnostics are typed `never` below `Validated`.** Validation is the last
+ * phase, so at any earlier landmark the array either is not yet computed or
+ * still holds the previous build's, and reading it would take stale results
+ * for fresh ones. A caller that needs diagnostics asks for {@link validated}.
+ *
+ * What the `never` buys, exactly: reading a field off an element is a compile
+ * error, and nothing can be appended. It does NOT stop a caller assigning an
+ * element to a typed variable, because `never` is assignable to everything — so
+ * this is a guard against reaching for diagnostics by accident, not a seal
+ * against doing it deliberately.
+ *
+ * The waits resolve at or ABOVE their target, so an already-validated document
+ * does carry usable diagnostics and the `never` over-forbids there. That
+ * direction is the safe one: the alternative permits stale reads silently. A
+ * member taking a phase as a PARAMETER cannot judge statically and so returns
+ * `TDiagnostic`, leaving the choice to the caller.
+ *
  * **Generic parameters.**
  * - `TAst` — the AST root type each consumer expects on the returned
  *   {@link AstDocument}. Constrained to {@link AstNode}.
- * - `TDiagnostic` — wire diagnostic shape used by the injected
- *   `TransferEncoder`. Defaults to {@link TransferDiagnostic}.
- * - `TTransfer` — transfer-model root accepted by `update` / `save`
+ * - `TDiagnostic` — the AST-layer diagnostic: whatever the build left on
+ *   `LangiumDocument.diagnostics`, carried through on the returned
+ *   {@link AstDocument}. Defaults to {@link AstDiagnostic}.
+ *   **Not the `TransferEncoder`'s parameter of the same name**, which is
+ *   that encoder's OUTPUT and so names the wire shape. This one names its
+ *   input, and an adopter binds the two to different types.
+ * - `TTransfer` — transfer-model root a session's `update` / `save` accept
  *   args. Constrained to {@link TransferElement}. Defaults to the
  *   structural base.
  */
-export class ModelService<
+export interface ModelService<
+   TAst extends AstNode,
+   TDiagnostic extends AstDiagnostic = AstDiagnostic,
+   TTransfer extends TransferElement = TransferElement
+> {
+   /**
+    * Resolves once the workspace has been initialised and its first build has
+    * completed — the gate every read should wait behind, since a document
+    * queried before it may be unbuilt and reach no phase.
+    *
+    * A property rather than a method, matching `ProjectManager.ready` and
+    * Langium's `WorkspaceManager.ready`. An implementation needing a stricter
+    * gate supplies a Promise that awaits its own concern as well.
+    */
+   readonly ready: Promise<void>;
+
+   // Pure waits — never trigger a build.
+   waitForDocumentState(uri: string, state: DocumentState, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, TDiagnostic>>;
+   waitForDocumentSettled(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>>;
+   waitForBuilderState(state: DocumentState, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<void>;
+
+   // Wait if warm, build if cold.
+   ensureDocumentState(uri: string, state?: DocumentState, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, TDiagnostic>>;
+   rebuild(uri: string, state?: DocumentState, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, TDiagnostic>>;
+   parsed(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>>;
+   linked(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>>;
+   settled(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>>;
+   indexed(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>>;
+   validated(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, TDiagnostic>>;
+
+   isOpen(uri: string): boolean;
+   snapshot(uri: string): AstDocument<TAst, TDiagnostic> | undefined;
+   /**
+    * The text a session's write of `model` to `uri` applies: a textual model
+    * as given, a structured one rewritten and serialised.
+    */
+   modelToText(uri: string, model: TTransfer | string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<string>;
+   getDocument(uri: string): LangiumDocument | undefined;
+
+   onModelUpdated(uri: string, listener: (event: AstDocumentUpdatedEvent<TAst, TDiagnostic>) => void): Disposable;
+   onModelSaved(uri: string, listener: (event: AstDocumentSavedEvent<TAst, TDiagnostic>) => void): Disposable;
+   onClientClosed(uri: string, clientId: string, listener: () => void): Disposable;
+
+   /**
+    * Start a client session, the only way to open and write documents through
+    * this service. Pass a `label` naming the participant; without one it is
+    * `session`. The id defaults to `label#` plus a random UUID; a fixed
+    * `clientId` is taken as given. Throws `ReservedClientIdError` when the id
+    * is reserved by the framework, and `DuplicateClientIdError` when it is
+    * held by another live session or has documents open under it as a client
+    * that is not a session.
+    *
+    * `TOpenOptions` types the options the session's `open` takes and its
+    * `openOptions` returns. The narrowing is an unchecked cast, and it holds
+    * only for the caller that started the session: a holder reached through
+    * {@link getSession} sees plain `OpenOptions`.
+    */
+   createSession<TOpenOptions extends OpenOptions = OpenOptions>(
+      label?: string,
+      clientId?: string
+   ): ClientSession<TAst, TDiagnostic, TTransfer, TOpenOptions>;
+   /** The live session started under `clientId`, or `undefined` once it has ended or was never started. */
+   getSession(clientId: string): ClientSession<TAst, TDiagnostic, TTransfer> | undefined;
+}
+
+export class DefaultModelService<
    TAst extends AstNode,
-   TDiagnostic = TransferDiagnostic,
+   TDiagnostic extends AstDiagnostic = AstDiagnostic,
    /**
-    * Structured payload accepted by `update` / `save`. Constrained to
+    * Structured payload a session's `update` / `save` accept. Constrained to
     * {@link TransferElement} — the minimal `{ readonly $type: string }`
     * shape. Both transfer-model overlay roots (which extend
     * `TransferElement` explicitly) and AST root types (which have
@@ -195,7 +278,7 @@ export class ModelService<
     * integrity service) that pass AST roots remain compatible.
     */
    TTransfer extends TransferElement = TransferElement
-> {
+> implements ModelService<TAst, TDiagnostic, TTransfer> {
    protected readonly tracer: Tracer;
    /**
     * The single document-identity seam (`services.workspace.DocumentUriPolicy`),
@@ -206,12 +289,6 @@ export class ModelService<
     * (see {@link DocumentUriPolicy}).
     */
    protected readonly uriPolicy: DocumentUriPolicy;
-   /**
-    * Live slow-update-warn threshold cell, or `undefined` when the option
-    * was not supplied (warn line + stopwatch disabled). Reads `.value` per
-    * update so a setting-bound threshold retunes without reconstruction.
-    */
-   protected readonly slowUpdateWarn?: ObservableValue<number>;
    /** See {@link ModelServiceOptions.serializeBuilds}. Defaults to `true`. */
    protected readonly serializeBuilds: ObservableValue<boolean>;
 
@@ -224,6 +301,16 @@ export class ModelService<
    protected readonly syncChains = new Map<string, Promise<void>>();
    protected readonly pendingSync = new Map<string, string>();
 
+   /** The live sessions this service started, by client id, for {@link getSession}. */
+   protected readonly sessions = new Map<string, ClientSession<TAst, TDiagnostic, TTransfer>>();
+   /**
+    * Drops an ended session from {@link sessions}. Subscribed by the first
+    * {@link createSession} rather than at construction, so a services tree with
+    * no text store, or one that knows nothing of sessions, still constructs
+    * this service.
+    */
+   protected sessionCloseListener?: Disposable;
+
    /**
     * Workspace-level readiness gate. Resolves when the framework has
     * finished its first workspace build cycle and the `ModelService`
@@ -264,7 +351,6 @@ export class ModelService<
    ) {
       this.tracer = services.Tracer.for(options.logName ?? 'ModelService').trace('instantiated');
       this.uriPolicy = services.workspace.DocumentUriPolicy;
-      this.slowUpdateWarn = options.slowUpdateWarnMs !== undefined ? ObservableValue.from(options.slowUpdateWarnMs) : undefined;
       this.serializeBuilds = ObservableValue.from(options.serializeBuilds ?? true);
       // Optional-chain so a harness that binds no WorkspaceManager awaits
       // `undefined` and resolves immediately; production hosts always have it
@@ -329,8 +415,12 @@ export class ModelService<
     * {@link waitForDocumentState} for the common "wait until content is stable"
     * case (e.g. settling a save). Pure wait — does not trigger a build.
     */
-   async waitForDocumentSettled(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, TDiagnostic>> {
-      return this.waitForDocumentStateCanonical(this.uriPolicy.canonicalUri(uri), IntegrityService.SettledState, cancelToken);
+   async waitForDocumentSettled(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>> {
+      return (await this.waitForDocumentStateCanonical(
+         this.uriPolicy.canonicalUri(uri),
+         IntegrityService.SettledState,
+         cancelToken
+      )) as AstDocument<TAst, never>;
    }
 
    /**
@@ -402,6 +492,12 @@ export class ModelService<
     * {@link ModelServiceOptions.serializeBuilds} — see there for the
     * non-reentrancy hazard that is the reason the opt-out exists.
     *
+    * An override calls the base before it awaits. Under an LSP connection the
+    * store's change event has already asked the update handler to build a
+    * session's write; an override whose await outlasts that build makes the
+    * base's request start a build of its own, so the write is built and
+    * delivered twice.
+    *
     * Returns an empty `{ root, diagnostics }` envelope when the document
     * cannot be loaded; adopters that want to throw override this method
     * on their subclass.
@@ -452,8 +548,8 @@ export class ModelService<
          // writing back through this facade — would cancel its own enclosing
          // build and then likely stall in the phase wait below. The check is
          // gated on `serializeBuilds` deliberately, because acquiring the lock IS
-         // the hazard: with serialisation off there is nothing to be reentrant
-         // about, which makes the existing opt-out the guard's opt-out too.
+         // the hazard: with serialisation off the build takes no lock, which
+         // makes the existing opt-out the guard's opt-out too.
          // Detection needs async-context propagation, so it is inert until a host
          // installs a tracker (`@hydranium/core/node` does) — see
          // `isInsideWriteLock`.
@@ -484,11 +580,19 @@ export class ModelService<
     *
     * Phase invariants encoded in the return type:
     * - `parsed` / `linked` / `settled` / `indexed` return
-    *   `AstDocument<TAst, never>` — diagnostics array is empty by phase
-    *   contract.
+    *   `AstDocument<TAst, never>` — no diagnostics have been computed at
+    *   those phases.
     * - `validated` returns `AstDocument<TAst, TDiagnostic>` — diagnostics
     *   are populated.
     *
+    * **The `never` is enforced, not merely declared.** The wait underneath
+    * resolves at or ABOVE the requested state, so a document something else
+    * already carried past `Validated` would otherwise come back from
+    * `settled()` carrying a full diagnostics array typed `never`; these four
+    * strip it. An empty array here therefore means "this read does not report
+    * diagnostics", never "this document is clean" — call {@link validated}
+    * when the answer has to mean the second.
+    *
     * `settled` is the integrity-overlay name for "all integrity rules
     * have fired"; it maps to {@link IntegrityService.SettledState} (which
     * equals `DocumentState.IndexedReferences`), but the dedicated method
@@ -496,19 +600,19 @@ export class ModelService<
     * ever moves.
     */
    async parsed(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>> {
-      return this.ensureDocumentState(uri, DocumentState.Parsed, cancelToken) as Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>>;
+      return this.withoutDiagnostics(await this.ensureDocumentState(uri, DocumentState.Parsed, cancelToken));
    }
 
    async linked(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>> {
-      return this.ensureDocumentState(uri, DocumentState.Linked, cancelToken) as Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>>;
+      return this.withoutDiagnostics(await this.ensureDocumentState(uri, DocumentState.Linked, cancelToken));
    }
 
    async settled(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>> {
-      return this.ensureDocumentState(uri, IntegrityService.SettledState, cancelToken) as Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>>;
+      return this.withoutDiagnostics(await this.ensureDocumentState(uri, IntegrityService.SettledState, cancelToken));
    }
 
    async indexed(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>> {
-      return this.ensureDocumentState(uri, DocumentState.IndexedReferences, cancelToken) as Promise<AstDocument<TAst, never>>;
+      return this.withoutDiagnostics(await this.ensureDocumentState(uri, DocumentState.IndexedReferences, cancelToken));
    }
 
    async validated(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, TDiagnostic>> {
@@ -557,115 +661,14 @@ export class ModelService<
       return this.rebuild(uri, target, cancelToken);
    }
 
-   /**
-    * Apply an update for `uri`. The structured-or-textual `model` payload
-    * is serialised (via {@link serialize} after {@link rewriteModel} when
-    * structured), pushed into the multi-client text-document store with
-    * a fresh version, drives a build to the target phase, and returns
-    * the post-build AST snapshot.
-    *
-    * **Read-latest supersession**: concurrent callers on the same URI
-    * all see the same post-build state once `waitUntil` resolves; none
-    * deadlock waiting for a specific version's settled event. The
-    * framework emits a post-resolution `debug` log line distinguishing
-    * "vN ready" from "vN ready at vM (superseded)" so callers can
-    * observe when their write was overtaken by a newer one before
-    * settling — purely observability, doesn't change resolution
-    * semantics. Adopters wanting version-matched resolution (resolve
-    * with vN's specific settled snapshot, intermediate-phase
-    * observability, slow-warn / hard-timeout behaviour) override this
-    * method.
-    */
-   async update(args: TransferUpdateArgs<TTransfer>, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, TDiagnostic>> {
-      const stopwatch = this.slowUpdateWarn !== undefined ? this.services.Clock.stopwatch() : undefined;
-      // Per-stage self-time breakdown of the update/reconcile chain (serialise →
-      // open → apply → rebuild), opt-in at debug — the default path skips the
-      // session and `run` calls the stage directly. `update` is a per-operation
-      // method (one user save / diagram edit), not a per-node hot loop, so the
-      // stage closures `run` allocates on the non-debug path are negligible.
-      // Canonicalize the write URI once at the door and thread the resulting
-      // CanonicalUri through the chain. The text store keys documents by their
-      // canonical identity, so any spelling of a file — a canonical
-      // (server-identity) URI from a GLSP cross-document save derived from
-      // `findDocument(node).uri`, or the symlink path an editor opened — collapses
-      // to the one registration; there is no second registration to fork. The
-      // build step reuses the canonical wait core (`rebuildCanonical`) so the
-      // identity is not re-resolved downstream.
-      const uri = this.uriPolicy.canonicalUri(args.uri);
-      const session = Logger.isLevelEnabled('debug') ? this.tracer.profile(`model-update ${uri}`) : undefined;
-      const run = async <T>(stage: string, fn: () => MaybePromise<T>): Promise<T> => (session ? session.scope(stage, fn) : fn());
-      // Open WITH the new text so a cold URI (no open editor, no file on disk) is
-      // created from the payload rather than read from the filesystem — `update`
-      // is an upsert. For an already-open document `open` refreshes content (the
-      // text is ignored on that branch), so existing-document behaviour is
-      // unchanged. `version` is intentionally NOT forwarded to `open`: a cold
-      // create stays at its initial version, so a based-on-`version` update of a
-      // not-yet-existing document still trips the conflict gate below.
-      const text = await run('serialize', () => this.modelToText(uri, args.model, cancelToken));
-      await run('open', () => this.open({ uri, clientId: args.clientId, text }));
-      if (args.baseVersion !== undefined) {
-         const current = this.services.workspace.TextDocuments.version(uri);
-         if (current !== args.baseVersion) {
-            // Distinct from the post-build "superseded" debug line below: this is a
-            // based-on-stale rejection (the write never applies), not two writes racing.
-            this.tracer.debug(`Conflict on ${uri}: based-on v${args.baseVersion} stale, server at v${current}`);
-            throw new ConflictError(uri, args.baseVersion, current);
-         }
-      }
-      const appliedVersion = await run('apply', () => this.services.workspace.AstDocumentManager.update(uri, text, args.clientId));
-      // Dispatch through the public `rebuild` (which re-canonicalizes the already-
-      // canonical `uri` once, idempotently) rather than `rebuildCanonical`, so an
-      // adopter `rebuild` override stays in the update path. The redundant call is
-      // a single kernel-cached `realpath`; correctness of the override contract
-      // wins over shaving it.
-      const doc = await run('rebuild', () => this.rebuild(uri, undefined, cancelToken));
-      const finalVersion = this.services.workspace.TextDocuments.version(uri);
-      if (finalVersion > appliedVersion) {
-         this.tracer.debug(`Update to v${appliedVersion} ready at v${finalVersion} (superseded)`);
-      } else {
-         this.tracer.debug(`Update to v${appliedVersion} ready`);
-      }
-      if (this.slowUpdateWarn !== undefined && stopwatch) {
-         const elapsed = Math.round(stopwatch.elapsedMs);
-         const threshold = this.slowUpdateWarn.value;
-         if (elapsed >= threshold) {
-            this.tracer.withUri(uri).warn(`Slow update: ${elapsed}ms ≥ ${threshold}ms (v${appliedVersion}, client=${args.clientId})`);
-         }
-      }
-      // One line per stage (serialise / open / apply / rebuild) + unaccounted — only when profiling.
-      session?.report('debug');
-      return doc;
-   }
-
-   /**
-    * Persist `uri` to disk. Same content-change + settled-phase flow as
-    * {@link update}, then writes via the
-    * `WritableFileSystemProvider` and notifies the multi-client
-    * text-document store of the save (so any open LSP-side editor sees
-    * the `onDidSave` event regardless of who originated the persist).
-    *
-    * Returns the post-save AST snapshot.
-    */
-   async save(args: TransferSaveArgs<TTransfer>, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<AstDocument<TAst, TDiagnostic>> {
-      // Dispatch through `update` (not its internals) so an adopter `update`
-      // override — version-matched resolution, etc. — applies to saves too.
-      const doc = await this.update(args, cancelToken);
-      // Persist under the same canonical identity `update` operated on. Writing
-      // the canonical (real) path follows any symlink to the same file, and the
-      // `onDidSave` keys the one canonical registration.
-      const uri = this.uriPolicy.canonicalUri(args.uri);
-      await this.services.workspace.AstDocumentManager.save(uri, args.clientId);
-      return doc;
-   }
-
    /**
     * Wait for the document at `uri` to reach the integrity-settled landmark and
     * drain any in-flight write-path applyEdit sync chain (see {@link syncChains})
     * so every language client reflects the latest content before a save returns.
     * No-op tail for headless adopters — `syncChains` is empty without an LSP
     * client. Bounded by {@link SAVE_SETTLE_TIMEOUT_MS} so a hung build, or an
-    * applyEdit reverse-RPC deadlock, can't freeze the caller; on timeout it logs
-    * a warning and returns rather than throwing.
+    * applyEdit reverse-RPC deadlock, can't freeze the caller; on timeout or a
+    * failed wait it logs a warning and returns rather than throwing.
     *
     * Adopters with a save flow that must converge editor + disk before returning
     * (e.g. a dual form/code editor that would otherwise show a content-conflict
@@ -674,57 +677,24 @@ export class ModelService<
    protected async settleSave(uri: string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<void> {
       const canonical = this.uriPolicy.canonicalUri(uri);
       const key = UriUtils.toUri(canonical).toString();
-      const timeout = new Promise<void>((_, reject) =>
-         setTimeout(() => reject(new SaveSettleTimeoutError('settle timeout')), SAVE_SETTLE_TIMEOUT_MS)
-      );
+      // One race over both waits, so the bound is one deadline for the pair;
+      // a race per wait would let the save take twice the bound.
+      const settled = (async (): Promise<void> => {
+         await this.waitForDocumentStateCanonical(canonical, IntegrityService.SettledState, cancelToken);
+         await this.syncChains.get(key);
+      })();
       try {
-         await Promise.race([this.waitForDocumentStateCanonical(canonical, IntegrityService.SettledState, cancelToken), timeout]);
-         const pending = this.syncChains.get(key);
-         if (pending) {
-            await Promise.race([pending, timeout]);
-         }
-      } catch (err: unknown) {
-         if (err instanceof SaveSettleTimeoutError) {
+         if ((await this.services.Clock.raceTimer(settled, SAVE_SETTLE_TIMEOUT_MS)) === TIMED_OUT) {
             this.tracer.withUri(key).warn(`Save settle exceeded ${SAVE_SETTLE_TIMEOUT_MS}ms — returning anyway`);
-         } else {
-            const detail = err instanceof Error ? (err.stack ?? err.message) : String(err);
-            this.tracer.withUri(key).warn(`Save settle failed before the timeout — returning anyway. ${detail}`);
          }
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
+         // A failed wait, such as a cancelled token or a document the builder
+         // does not hold, gets its own line so it is not blamed on the bound.
+         const detail = err instanceof Error ? (err.stack ?? err.message) : String(err);
+         this.tracer.withUri(key).warn(`Save settle failed before the timeout — returning anyway. ${detail}`);
       }
    }
 
-   /**
-    * Open the document at `args.uri` on behalf of `args.clientId`.
-    * Multi-client: each (uri, clientId) pair is tracked as one
-    * registration; the underlying document stays open until the last
-    * client closes it. If `args.text` is omitted the document content
-    * is read from the `FileSystemProvider`.
-    *
-    * Returns a {@link Disposable} that closes the registration when
-    * disposed — useful for `using` blocks and shutdown cleanup.
-    *
-    * Delegates to the framework-bound
-    * `services.workspace.AstDocumentManager`. Adopter subclasses with
-    * extra open-time behaviour (logging, sync-chain bootstrapping)
-    * override on their `ModelService` subclass and call `super.open`.
-    *
-    * The open path does not thread cancellation: `AstDocumentManager.open`
-    * and the filesystem read behind it take no token, so a cancelled caller
-    * still completes the open.
-    */
-   async open(args: OpenModelArgs): Promise<Disposable> {
-      return this.services.workspace.AstDocumentManager.open(args);
-   }
-
-   /**
-    * Close the document at `args.uri` for `args.clientId`. Counterpart
-    * to {@link open}; the underlying document stays open until every
-    * registered client has closed.
-    */
-   async close(args: CloseModelArgs): Promise<void> {
-      return this.services.workspace.AstDocumentManager.close(args);
-   }
-
    /**
     * True when the document at `uri` is currently open for at least one
     * client. Pure read; no side effects.
@@ -733,6 +703,31 @@ export class ModelService<
       return this.services.workspace.AstDocumentManager.isOpen(uri);
    }
 
+   /**
+    * Snapshot of `uri` as it stands RIGHT NOW — the synchronous sibling of the
+    * phase reads, which all wait. `undefined` when no document is registered.
+    *
+    * **This is what a writer wants, and {@link getDocument} is not.** The
+    * envelope's `version` is copied by value at projection time, so it cannot
+    * move afterwards; a version read off the live document at write time is
+    * whatever the server is at *now*, which is the number an optimistic gate is
+    * about to compare it against.
+    *
+    * Diagnostics only from a document that has reached `Validated`, and an
+    * empty array otherwise. Unlike the phase reads this one names no phase, so
+    * the state it finds is the only thing that can say whether the array
+    * describes the content being handed back or whatever an earlier build left.
+    * A caller that needs them unconditionally waits, via {@link validated}.
+    */
+   snapshot(uri: string): AstDocument<TAst, TDiagnostic> | undefined {
+      const document = this.getDocument(uri);
+      if (!document) {
+         return undefined;
+      }
+      const envelope = AstDocument.from<TAst, TDiagnostic>(document);
+      return document.state >= DocumentState.Validated ? envelope : this.withoutDiagnostics(envelope);
+   }
+
    /**
     * The built {@link LangiumDocument} for `uri`, looked up by canonical identity —
     * the synchronous, phase-agnostic sibling of {@link ensureDocumentState} /
@@ -741,11 +736,92 @@ export class ModelService<
     * into `LangiumDocuments` directly: a symlinked / `..` / case-divergent URI
     * still resolves to the one document the build keys by its real path. Returns
     * `undefined` if no document is registered for `uri`.
+    *
+    * **Live, so do not take a based-on version off it.** `textDocument` is the
+    * store's own object rather than a copy, so `.version` read here answers for
+    * the moment of the READ, not the moment of the earlier content — pass it to
+    * a write and the server compares its current version against itself, the
+    * gate passes unconditionally, and a concurrent edit is overwritten with
+    * nothing logged. Use {@link snapshot} for that, or a phase read.
     */
    getDocument(uri: string): LangiumDocument | undefined {
       return this.services.workspace.AstDocumentManager.getDocument(uri);
    }
 
+   // ============================================================
+   // Client sessions
+   // ============================================================
+
+   createSession<TOpenOptions extends OpenOptions = OpenOptions>(
+      label?: string,
+      clientId?: string
+   ): ClientSession<TAst, TDiagnostic, TTransfer, TOpenOptions> {
+      const sessionLabel = label ?? 'session';
+      const id = clientId ?? `${sessionLabel}#${globalThis.crypto.randomUUID()}`;
+      const textDocuments = this.services.workspace.TextDocuments;
+      textDocuments.registerSession(id);
+      this.sessionCloseListener ??= textDocuments.onDidCloseSession(event => {
+         // Also reached when the store ends a session directly; disposing the
+         // handle makes its later calls fail rather than write under an id
+         // this service no longer treats as a session.
+         this.sessions.get(event.clientId)?.dispose();
+         this.sessions.delete(event.clientId);
+      });
+      let session: ClientSession<TAst, TDiagnostic, TTransfer, TOpenOptions>;
+      try {
+         // Unchecked: the session keeps whatever options its `open` is handed,
+         // and the factory types it for every grammar, so the narrowed type
+         // holds only for the caller that started it.
+         session = this.services.model.ClientSessionFactory.create(id, sessionLabel) as ClientSession<
+            TAst,
+            TDiagnostic,
+            TTransfer,
+            TOpenOptions
+         >;
+      } catch (err: unknown) {
+         textDocuments.closeSession(id);
+         throw err;
+      }
+      this.sessions.set(id, session);
+      return session;
+   }
+
+   getSession(clientId: string): ClientSession<TAst, TDiagnostic, TTransfer> | undefined {
+      return this.sessions.get(clientId);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Convert a structured-or-textual `model` payload to its textual form.
+    *
+    * Textual payloads (LSP / pre-serialised callers) pass through untouched.
+    * Structured payloads run the per-language `UpdateRewriteService` chain
+    * (transfer-model transforms; diff-aware rewrites see the previous AST root),
+    * then serialise. The chain is the single transfer-model-transform seam — a
+    * unary normalisation is just a rewrite that ignores `previous`, as
+    * `NormalizeEmptyStringsContribution` does. The chain is empty by
+    * default, so this is a no-op for adopters that register none.
+    */
+   async modelToText(uri: string, model: TTransfer | string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<string> {
+      if (typeof model === 'string') {
+         return model;
+      }
+      const rewritten = await this.rewriteModel(uri, model, cancelToken);
+      const target = UriUtils.toUri(uri);
+      const trivia = this.services.ServiceRegistry?.getServices(target)?.trivia?.TriviaService;
+      // Extracted BEFORE serializing, so it reads the document the write is
+      // about to replace rather than whatever a concurrent build left behind.
+      let document = this.services.workspace.LangiumDocuments.getDocument(target);
+      if (trivia !== undefined && document === undefined) {
+         const source = await this.textToTakeTriviaFrom(uri, target);
+         if (source !== undefined) {
+            document = this.services.workspace.LangiumDocumentFactory.fromString(source, target);
+         }
+      }
+      const extracted = trivia !== undefined && document !== undefined ? trivia.extract(document) : undefined;
+      const serialized = await this.serialize(uri, rewritten);
+      return extracted === undefined ? serialized : trivia!.apply(serialized, extracted, target);
+   }
+
    // ============================================================
    // LSP-client sync (mirror non-LSP-client changes back to Monaco)
    // ============================================================
@@ -754,18 +830,14 @@ export class ModelService<
     * Mirror a server-side change of `document` back to the LSP textual language
     * client, run per document as it reaches the post-integrity settled phase.
     * The single framework caller of
-    * `HydraniumTextDocuments.applyEditToLanguageClient` and
-    * `HydraniumTextDocuments.stagePendingContent`.
-    *
-    * Routes to one of two mechanisms by language-client registration, because
-    * an open and a closed document answer different questions:
+    * `HydraniumTextDocuments.applyEditToLanguageClient`.
     *
-    * - **Open in the language client** → {@link syncOpenDocument}: mirror the
-    *   settled text via a coalesced `applyEditToLanguageClient`, routed purely by
-    *   **content**.
-    * - **Closed in the language client** → {@link stageClosedDocument}: stage the
-    *   text for the eventual first `didOpen`, gated by **provenance**
-    *   ({@link isNonLanguageClientEdit}).
+    * Only a document open in the language client is mirrored, through
+    * {@link syncOpenDocument}, routed purely by **content**. A document open
+    * only in another client needs nothing: a language client opening it joins
+    * the existing entry and is refreshed from the store. A session writes only
+    * what it has open, so no session edit of a closed document waits here for
+    * the language client's next open.
     *
     * The decision is **re-derived from the current settled state every time** (it
     * is not a one-shot enrolment), which is what makes it self-healing: a doc
@@ -775,9 +847,9 @@ export class ModelService<
     */
    protected syncToLanguageClient(document: LangiumDocument): void {
       // `document.textDocument.uri` is the server-identity (canonical) URI off the
-      // build. Route by language-client registration (a presence question —
-      // `isOpenInLanguageClient` canonicalizes internally, so a divergent open path
-      // still resolves to the same record), but key the outbound sync by this
+      // build. Route by client registration (presence questions — both
+      // predicates canonicalize internally, so a divergent open path still
+      // resolves to the same record), but key the outbound sync by this
       // CANONICAL URI — the same key `settleSave` looks the chain up under —
       // so a save-settle can drain the in-flight applyEdit. The canonical→client-URI
       // translation (a symlinked path the client opened, or a dual-open fan-out)
@@ -787,8 +859,6 @@ export class ModelService<
       // the drain would miss for a divergent open path.
       if (this.services.workspace.TextDocuments.isOpenInLanguageClient(document.textDocument.uri)) {
          this.syncOpenDocument(document.textDocument.uri, document.textDocument.getText());
-      } else {
-         this.stageClosedDocument(document);
       }
    }
 
@@ -807,46 +877,6 @@ export class ModelService<
       this.queueSync(uri, text);
    }
 
-   /**
-    * Stage the settled text of a document closed in the language client so the
-    * eventual first `didOpen` sees this in-memory text instead of stale disk —
-    * but only for a {@link isNonLanguageClientEdit genuine non-language-client edit}.
-    * A document rebuilt by an internal build is skipped, leaving disk authoritative
-    * on the next open.
-    */
-   protected stageClosedDocument(document: LangiumDocument): void {
-      if (this.isNonLanguageClientEdit(document)) {
-         this.services.workspace.TextDocuments.stagePendingContent(document.textDocument.uri, document.textDocument.getText());
-      }
-   }
-
-   /**
-    * Whether `document`'s settled state is a genuine edit by a client *other than
-    * the language client* — a write a form / GLSP / integrity client actually made.
-    * Excludes two non-edits: the **language client** itself (the LSP/Monaco text
-    * client — it already holds its own edits, and the staging here exists to feed
-    * it) and an **internal build** (workspace startup, a cascade relink, a
-    * `didClose`-reload). This is the gate for {@link stageClosedDocument}: staging
-    * an internal build would
-    * (a) pre-stage every file on boot and (b) re-stage discarded content after
-    * close (e.g. a disposing GLSP session's debounced submit firing after close),
-    * which then shadows clean disk on the next open.
-    *
-    * The signal is "a known client other than the language client authored this
-    * version **and** the URI was in the last build's changed set
-    * (`isDirectChange`)". A framework-internal rebuild reports no author
-    * (`getAuthor` → `undefined`), so it fails `hasKnownAuthor` without comparing
-    * against a sentinel. This is NOT redundant with content/registration — it
-    * distinguishes "client edited" from "framework rebuilt", which neither the
-    * shadow nor `isDirectChange` alone can.
-    */
-   protected isNonLanguageClientEdit(document: LangiumDocument): boolean {
-      const documents = this.services.workspace.AstDocumentManager;
-      const author = documents.getAuthor(document);
-      const hasKnownAuthor = !!author && author !== LANGUAGE_CLIENT_ID;
-      return hasKnownAuthor && documents.isDirectChange(document.textDocument.uri);
-   }
-
    /**
     * Enqueue a sync to the language client. The pending slot per URI holds only
     * the latest text: if a newer settle fires while the current RPC is in
@@ -878,13 +908,26 @@ export class ModelService<
       this.syncChains.set(uri, chain);
    }
 
+   /**
+    * The undo-stack label for a server-authored write, in the locale the server
+    * was handed at init.
+    *
+    * One method rather than the literal at each `applyEdit`, because the two
+    * call sites are the same edit — a push and its full-replace retry — and an
+    * undo menu showing two different words for one operation would read as two
+    * operations.
+    */
+   protected editLabel(): string {
+      return this.services.MessageRenderer.renderMessage(MODEL_UPDATE_EDIT);
+   }
+
    protected async drainSyncQueue(uri: string): Promise<void> {
       const uriLogger = this.tracer.withUri(uri);
       while (this.pendingSync.has(uri)) {
          const text = this.pendingSync.get(uri)!;
          this.pendingSync.delete(uri);
          try {
-            let result = await this.services.workspace.TextDocuments.applyEditToLanguageClient(uri, text, { label: 'Update Model' });
+            let result = await this.services.workspace.TextDocuments.applyEditToLanguageClient(uri, text, { label: this.editLabel() });
             if (result?.applied === false && !this.pendingSync.has(uri)) {
                // The push is addressed at the client's LAST DECLARED VERSION, so a
                // rejection normally means the client's buffer moved while the
@@ -905,7 +948,7 @@ export class ModelService<
                // queued — best-effort, since a settle arriving later simply pushes
                // after this and still wins.
                uriLogger.warn(`Language client rejected applyEdit at its declared version — re-pushing a full replace`);
-               result = await this.services.workspace.TextDocuments.applyEditToLanguageClient(uri, text, { label: 'Update Model' });
+               result = await this.services.workspace.TextDocuments.applyEditToLanguageClient(uri, text, { label: this.editLabel() });
                if (result?.applied === false) {
                   uriLogger.warn(`Language client rejected the full-replace retry too — client content is stale`);
                }
@@ -935,9 +978,8 @@ export class ModelService<
     * `HydraniumTextDocuments` — single listener registration shared with
     * any direct `HydraniumTextDocuments.onUpdate` subscriber, so the same
     * underlying `DocumentBuilder.onDocumentPhase` listener serves both
-    * call paths. `sourceClientId` is resolved from the multi-client
-    * author history; reason discrimination follows the manager's own
-    * `lastUpdate` snapshot (see `AstDocumentManager.onUpdate`).
+    * call paths. The event's reason, source and cause are
+    * {@link AstDocumentManager.attributeUpdate}'s.
     */
    onModelUpdated(uri: string, listener: (event: AstDocumentUpdatedEvent<TAst, TDiagnostic>) => void): Disposable {
       return this.services.workspace.AstDocumentManager.onUpdate(uri, listener as never);
@@ -979,13 +1021,13 @@ export class ModelService<
     * Adopters whose serializer call shape differs (custom service
     * names, generator-driven YAML pretty printers, etc.) override this
     * method. Routes through `Serializer.serializeTransfer` because
-    * `ModelService.update` / `ModelService.save` always receive a
+    * a session's `update` / `save` always receive a
     * transfer-model shape (cross-references as plain strings) from
     * adopter callers — the AST-shape entry point is `serializeAst`.
     *
     * Returns {@link MaybePromise} so adopter `Serializer` overrides can be
     * async (remote schema lookup, external canonical-value resolution); the
-    * single caller ({@link modelToText} → {@link update}) is already `async`,
+    * single caller ({@link modelToText}) is already `async`,
     * so a naive `await` covers both branches without extra ceremony.
     */
    protected serialize(uri: string, root: TTransfer): MaybePromise<string> {
@@ -998,22 +1040,12 @@ export class ModelService<
    // ============================================================
 
    /**
-    * Convert a structured-or-textual `model` payload to its textual form.
-    *
-    * Textual payloads (LSP / pre-serialised callers) pass through untouched.
-    * Structured payloads run the per-language `UpdateRewriteService` chain
-    * (transfer-model transforms; diff-aware rewrites see the previous AST root),
-    * then serialise. The chain is the single transfer-model-transform seam — a
-    * unary normalisation is just a rewrite that ignores `previous`, as
-    * `NormalizeEmptyStringsContribution` does. The chain is empty by
-    * default, so this is a no-op for adopters that register none.
+    * The text a write into a document not yet built should take its trivia
+    * from: the store's, which a write always has, since it writes only a
+    * document its client has open.
     */
-   protected async modelToText(uri: string, model: TTransfer | string, cancelToken?: CancellationToken): Promise<string> {
-      if (typeof model === 'string') {
-         return model;
-      }
-      const rewritten = await this.rewriteModel(uri, model, cancelToken);
-      return this.serialize(uri, rewritten);
+   protected async textToTakeTriviaFrom(uri: string, _target: URI): Promise<string | undefined> {
+      return this.services.workspace.TextDocuments.get(uri)?.getText();
    }
 
    /**
@@ -1048,4 +1080,23 @@ export class ModelService<
          ? AstDocument.from<TAst, TDiagnostic>(document)
          : AstDocument.create<TAst, TDiagnostic>(uri.toString(), 0, undefined as unknown as TAst, []);
    }
+
+   /**
+    * The same envelope with no diagnostics, for a read that names a phase below
+    * `Validated`.
+    *
+    * Langium fills `LangiumDocument.diagnostics` from inside `validateDocument`
+    * and from nowhere else, so below that phase the array holds whatever an
+    * EARLIER build left — a verdict about text the document may no longer have.
+    * The wait underneath resolves at or above the phase asked for, so a document
+    * something else carried past `Validated` would otherwise hand a full array
+    * back from `parsed()`.
+    *
+    * A copy rather than a clear: the envelope is freshly built here, but
+    * {@link toAstDocument} is overridable and an adopter's version may return
+    * one it also keeps.
+    */
+   protected withoutDiagnostics(document: AstDocument<TAst, TDiagnostic>): AstDocument<TAst, never> {
+      return { ...document, diagnostics: [] };
+   }
 }